cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 194:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mesa ___ fiker(a) gone=pa ika-i-ya nain aaw-em-ik-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): wingbean ___ kunai.grass middle=LOC be-NP-PR.3s that1 get-SS.SIM-be-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I kept picking wild wingbeans that are/grow in the middle of the kunai grass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Subject \REF{ex:8:x1537} and object \REF{ex:8:x1538} are the most frequent functions of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{RelNP}}.
A: word: masia	 gloss: compulsive
B: word: koka	 gloss: jungle
C: word: asia	 gloss: wild
D: word: ekap-emi	 gloss: come-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 195:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Muuka, yo ___ nefa maak-i-yem nain miim-ap ook-e.
Gloss (with missing item): son 1s.UNM ___ 2s.ACC tell-NP-PR.1s that1 hear-SS.SEQ follow-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Son, listen to and follow the talk that I am telling you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Subject \REF{ex:8:x1537} and object \REF{ex:8:x1538} are the most frequent functions of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{RelNP}}.
A: word: opora	 gloss: talk
B: word: opora=pa	 gloss: talk=LOC
C: word: opaimik(a)=iw	 gloss: talk=INST
D: word: uruf-ap	 gloss: see-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 196:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ iwoka iw-e-m nain yena aamun=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ yam give.him-PA-1s that1 1s.GEN 1s/p.younger.sibling=CF
The English translation of this sentence is:`The boy that I gave yam to is my younger brother.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Recipient \REF{ex:8:x1539} and beneficiary \REF{ex:8:x1547} are possible to relativize, but in natural texts beneficiary is very infrequent.
A: word: takira	 gloss: boy
B: word: wu-om-a-mik=na	 gloss: put-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p=TP
C: word: muuka	 gloss: son
D: word: takira=ke	 gloss: boy=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 197:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nomokowa war-e-m nain,] burir nain duduw-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ tree cut-PA-1s that1 axe that blunt-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The axe with which I cut trees became blunt.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When an instrument is relativized, the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{relnp}} either takes the instrumental case marking \REF{ex:8:x1544} or has no case marking \REF{ex:8:x1553}:
A: word: kiikir=iw	 gloss: first=INST
B: word: burir	 gloss: axe
C: word: kir-ep	 gloss: turn-SS.SEQ
D: word: burir=iw	 gloss: axe=INST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 198:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aria ___ unowa wakesim-e-mik nain sererk-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): alright ___ many cover-PA-1/3p that1 distribute-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Alright they distributed the many things with which they had covered her (body).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When an instrument is relativized, the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{relnp}} either takes the instrumental case marking \REF{ex:8:x1544} or has no case marking \REF{ex:8:x1553}:
A: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
B: word: nan	 gloss: there
C: word: muuka	 gloss: son
D: word: maa	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 199:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aria maa ___ wakesim-e-mik nain sererk-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): alright thing ___ cover-PA-1/3p that1 distribute-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Alright they distributed the many things with which they had covered her (body).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When an instrument is relativized, the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{relnp}} either takes the instrumental case marking \REF{ex:8:x1544} or has no case marking \REF{ex:8:x1553}:
A: word: wenup	 gloss: lots.of
B: word: unowa=ko	 gloss: many=NF
C: word: ika-iwkin	 gloss: be-2/3p.DS
D: word: unowa	 gloss: many
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 200:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nain ikos ikiw-e-mik nain napum-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ that1 with go-PA-1/3p that1 sick-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`That man with whom I went became sick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A comitative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} (\sectref{sec:4.1.3}) containing a comitative postposition may be relativized \REF{ex:8:x1542}, but one formed with a comitative clitic may not.
A: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
B: word: p-er-iwkin	 gloss: BPX-go-2/3p.DS
C: word: mua	 gloss: man
D: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 201:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua ___ ikos ikiw-e-mik nain napum-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): man ___ with go-PA-1/3p that1 sick-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`That man with whom I went became sick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A comitative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} (\sectref{sec:4.1.3}) containing a comitative postposition may be relativized \REF{ex:8:x1542}, but one formed with a comitative clitic may not.
A: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
B: word: nain	 gloss: that1
C: word: uruf-ap=na	 gloss: see-SS.SEQ=TP
D: word: eefin	 gloss: that2
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 202:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua nain ___ ikiw-e-mik nain napum-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): man that1 ___ go-PA-1/3p that1 sick-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`That man with whom I went became sick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A comitative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} (\sectref{sec:4.1.3}) containing a comitative postposition may be relativized \REF{ex:8:x1542}, but one formed its gloss ___ a comitative clitic may not.
A: word: ikos=ko	 gloss: together=NF
B: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
C: word: ikos	 gloss: with
D: word: eliw	 gloss: well
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 203:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ emeria wiar um-o-k nain=ke baurar-ep owowa oko ikiw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ woman 3.DAT die-PA-3s that1=CF flee-SS.SEQ village other go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The man whose wife died went away\footnote{Moving to another village after some misfortune is quite common, and the verb `flee' is used in this context but here it does not have a strongly negative connotation; this is reflected in the free translation.} to another village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The object of genitive, or object of \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{possessive}} as it should be called when describing Mauwake grammar, only uses the dative pronoun (\sectref{sec:3.5.5}) when relativized \REF{ex:8:x1543}, not the unmarked (\sectref{sec:3.5.2.1}) or genitive (\sectref{sec:3.5.4}) pronoun.
A: word: p-urup-eya	 gloss: BPX-ascend-2/3s.DS
B: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
C: word: mua	 gloss: man
D: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 204:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua emeria ___ um-o-k nain=ke baurar-ep owowa oko ikiw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): man woman ___ die-PA-3s that1=CF flee-SS.SEQ village other go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The man whose wife died went away\footnote{Moving to another village after some misfortune is quite common, and the verb `flee' is used in this context but here it does not have a strongly negative connotation; this is reflected in the free translation.} to another village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The object of genitive, or object of \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{possessive}} as it should be called when describing Mauwake grammar, only uses the dative pronoun (\sectref{sec:3.5.5}) when relativized \REF{ex:8:x1543}, not the unmarked (\sectref{sec:3.5.2.1}) or genitive (\sectref{sec:3.5.4}) pronoun.
A: word: saawirin-ow-iwkin	 gloss: round-CAUS-2/3p.DS
B: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 205:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ne ona mua pun ___ ``Eka maneka nain=ke iwa-mi ifakim-o-k,'' na-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ADD 3s.GEN man also ___ river big that1=CF come-SS.SIM kill-PA-3s say-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Her husband also said, ``The big river came and killed her,'' he said.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the use of quote formulas, Mauwake is much freer than Papuan languages in general. A direct quotation in Mauwake is often preceded or followed by one of the utterance verbs. The verbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na}- `say/think' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{naak}- `say/tell' are almost exclusively used after quotes. Enclosing a quote between two utterance verbs is not frequent \REF{ex:8:x1571}:
A: word: miiw-aasa	 gloss: land-canoe
B: word: on-a-k	 gloss: do-PA-3s
C: word: ma-e-mik	 gloss: say-PA-1/3p
D: word: ma-e-k	 gloss: say-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 206:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Panewowa=ke ___ ``Yo nia maak-emkun opaimika efa fien-a-man.''
Gloss (with missing item): old=CF ___ 1s.UNM 2p.ACC tell-2/3p.DS talk 1s.ACC disobey-PA-2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The old (woman) said, ``When I told you, you disobeyed me.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most commonly, only a speech verb precedes the quote \REF{ex:8:x1578}, \REF{ex:8:x1579}:
A: word: on-a-k	 gloss: do-PA-3s
B: word: ma-e-mik	 gloss: say-PA-1/3p
C: word: ma-e-k	 gloss: say-PA-3s
D: word: en-ep	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 207:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iiw-ep wiipa muuka nain wia ___ ``Auwa maa p-ikiw-om-aka.
Gloss (with missing item): dish.out-SS.SEQ daughter son that1 3p.ACC ___ 1s/p.father food BPX-go-BEN-BNFY2.IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`She dished out (the food) and told the children, ``Take the food to father.''{}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most commonly, only a speech verb precedes the quote \REF{ex:8:x1578}, \REF{ex:8:x1579}:
A: word: maak-e-mik	 gloss: tell-PA-1/3p
B: word: patopat=iw	 gloss: fishing.spear=INST
C: word: maak-e-k	 gloss: tell-PA-3s
D: word: maak-e-k=i	 gloss: tell-PA-3s=QM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 208:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ``I muuka marew a, wiipa marew a,'' ___ wia maak-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM son no(ne) ah daughter no(ne) ah ___ 3p.ACC tell-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:` ``We have no son, we have no daughter,'' he told them like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A single utterance verb \REF{ex:8:x1580} or a whole quote-closing clause \REF{ex:8:x1583} may follow the quote. A quote-closing clause has to be used when the quotation consists of several sentences.
A: word: naapeya	 gloss: therefore
B: word: mua	 gloss: man
C: word: naap=iw	 gloss: thus=INST
D: word: naap	 gloss: thus
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 209:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ``I muuka marew a, wiipa marew a,'' naap ___ maak-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM son no(ne) ah daughter no(ne) ah thus ___ tell-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:` ``We have no son, we have no daughter,'' he told them like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A single utterance verb \REF{ex:8:x1580} or a whole quote-closing clause \REF{ex:8:x1583} may follow the quote. A quote-closing clause has to be used when the quotation consists of several sentences.
A: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
B: word: uruf-i-nan=na	 gloss: see-NP-FU.2s=TP
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 210:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Sarak oo, Amerika ekap-ep Ulingan nan ik-e-mik, ___ ikum-i-mik na-i-mik oo.
Gloss (with missing item): Sarak INTJ America come-SS.SEQ Ulingan there be-PA-1/3p ___ wonder.about-NP-PR.1/3p say-NP-PR.1/3p INTJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sarak! The Americans have come and are in Ulingan and they say that they are wondering where you are!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But the deictic centre may also shift partly or completely towards that of the matrix clause. When this happens, the pronouns are the easiest to change, next the adverbs. In \REF{ex:8:x1586} a second person pronoun has replaced the proper name or third person pronoun that would have been used in a direct quote.
A: word: yia	 gloss: 1s.ACC
B: word: uruf-ek-a-m=na	 gloss: see-CNTF-PA-1s=TP
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 211:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ owowa ikiw-ep buk nain sesek-om-e efa na-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ village go-SS.SEQ book that1 send-BEN-BNFY1.IMP.2s 1s.ACC say-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He told me to send that book to him (lit: me) when I would go to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When reported by the addressee of the example clause \REF{ex:8:x1281}, only the pronoun in the reported clause \REF{ex:8:x1282} is different:
A: word: teeria	 gloss: group
B: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
C: word: yo	 gloss: 1s.UNM
D: word: marewa=ke=yon	 gloss: none=CF-perhaps
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 212:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo owowa ___ buk nain sesek-om-e efa na-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM village ___ book that1 send-BEN-BNFY1.IMP.2s 1s.ACC say-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He told me to send that book to him (lit: me) when I would go to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When reported by the addressee of the example clause \REF{ex:8:x1281}, only the pronoun in the reported clause \REF{ex:8:x1282} is different:
A: word: p-ikiw-ep	 gloss: BPX-go-SS.SEQ
B: word: ikiw-ep	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
C: word: uruf-i-yem=na	 gloss: look-NP-PR.1s=TP
D: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 213:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ efar ekap-i-nen na-e-k na weetak.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1s.DAT come-NP-FU.1s say-PA-3s but no
The English translation of this sentence is:`He said that he would come to me today, but he hasn't.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verbs are most resistant to deictic shift. In \REF{ex:8:x1264}, even though the verb root changes, it still retains the tense and person marking of the direct quote \REF{ex:8:x1265}. Both the temporal adverb and the pronoun are shifted to reflect the deictic centre of the matrix clause.
A: word: mokoka	 gloss: eye
B: word: ikoka	 gloss: Later(today)
C: word: dabela	 gloss: cold
D: word: madang	 gloss: Madang
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B