cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 102:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No nainiw kir-ep ikiw-ep owow mua wia maak-eya ___ mukuna nain umuk-uk.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM again turn-SS.SEQ go-SS.SEQ village man 3p.ACC tell-2/3s.DS ___ fire that1 extinguish-IMP.3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Turn around, go and tell the village men and let them come up and extinguish the fire.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Clause chaining in Mauwake distinguishes between sequential and simultaneous actions in the clauses joined by chaining, but only when the clauses have the same subject (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5.1}). The sequential action verb in \REF{ex:8:x1431} indicates that one action is finished before the next one starts.
A: word: in-i-mik	 gloss: sleep-NP-PR.1/3p
B: word: kaik-ow(a)	 gloss: tie-NMZ
C: word: wiim-urup-ep	 gloss: escort-ascend-SS.SEQ
D: word: urup-ep	 gloss: ascend-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 103:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yo efa aaw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1s.UNM 1s.ACC take-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He came and married me.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Simultaneity vs. sequentiality is not always a choice between absolutes; sometimes it is a relative matter. Example \REF{ex:8:x1433} refers to a situation where a man came back home from a period of labour elsewhere and got married upon arrival. In actual life, there may have been a time gap of at least a number of days, possibly longer, but because the two events were so closely linked in the speaker's mind, the simultaneous action form was used when the story was told decades after the events took place.
A: word: on-ami	 gloss: do-SS.SIM
B: word: p-er-iwkin	 gloss: BPX-go-2/3p.DS
C: word: ekap-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: come-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
D: word: ekap-emi	 gloss: come-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 104:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa ___ top aaw-emi moma unukum-emi kapit, wiowa aaw-ep fikera iw-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): food ___ trap take-SS.SIM taro wrap-SS.SIM trap.frame spear take-SS.SEQ kunai.grass go-NP-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We eat, take the trap, wrap taro, take the the trap frame and spear(s) and go to the kunai grass area.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The simultaneous action form is less marked than the sequential action form: when the relative order of the actions or events is not relevant, the simultaneous action form is used. In example \REF{ex:8:x1437}, the order of the preparations for a pighunt is not crucial, but the sequential action form on the last medial verb indicates that all the actions take place before leaving, rather than just at the time of leaving.
A: word: en-emi	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM
B: word: en-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
C: word: maak-eya	 gloss: tell-2/3s.DS
D: word: en-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 105:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa en-ep-pu-ami top ___ moma unukum-emi kapit, wiowa aaw-ep fikera iw-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): food eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM trap ___ taro wrap-SS.SIM trap.frame spear take-SS.SEQ kunai.grass go-NP-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We eat, take the trap, wrap taro, take the the trap frame and spear(s) and go to the kunai grass area.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The simultaneous action form is less marked than the sequential action form: when the relative order of the actions or events is not relevant, the simultaneous action form is used. In example \REF{ex:8:x1437}, the order of the preparations for a pighunt is not crucial, but the sequential action form on the last medial verb indicates that all the actions take place before leaving, rather than just at the time of leaving.
A: word: pun	 gloss: also
B: word: on-ami	 gloss: do-SS.SIM
C: word: aw-emi	 gloss: burn-SS.SIM
D: word: aaw-emi	 gloss: take-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 106:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa en-ep-pu-ami top aaw-emi moma ___ kapit, wiowa aaw-ep fikera iw-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): food eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM trap take-SS.SIM taro ___ trap.frame spear take-SS.SEQ kunai.grass go-NP-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We eat, take the trap, wrap taro, take the the trap frame and spear(s) and go to the kunai grass area.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The simultaneous action form is less marked than the sequential action form: when the relative order of the actions or events is not relevant, the simultaneous action form is used. In example \REF{ex:8:x1437}, the order of the preparations for a pighunt is not crucial, but the sequential action form on the last medial verb indicates that all the actions take place before leaving, rather than just at the time of leaving.
A: word: kuuf-am-ik-eya	 gloss: watch-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: unukum-emi	 gloss: wrap-SS.SIM
C: word: kuum-emi	 gloss: burn-SS.SIM
D: word: if-emi	 gloss: spread-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 107:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa en-ep-pu-ami top aaw-emi moma unukum-emi kapit, wiowa ___ fikera iw-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): food eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM trap take-SS.SIM taro wrap-SS.SIM trap.frame spear ___ kunai.grass go-NP-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We eat, take the trap, wrap taro, take the the trap frame and spear(s) and go to the kunai grass area.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The simultaneous action form is less marked than the sequential action form: when the relative order of the actions or events is not relevant, the simultaneous action form is used. In example \REF{ex:8:x1437}, the order of the preparations for a pighunt is not crucial, but the sequential action form on the last medial verb indicates that all the actions take place before leaving, rather than just at the time of leaving.
A: word: on-ap	 gloss: do-SS.SEQ
B: word: takira	 gloss: child
C: word: aaw-ep	 gloss: take-SS.SEQ
D: word: aaw-e-m	 gloss: take-PA-1s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 108:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ikoka mua ar-ep emeria aaw-ep kamenap ___
Gloss (with missing item): later man become-SS.SEQ woman take-SS.SEQ how ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Later when you become a man and take a wife, what will you do?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A medial verb takes its temporal specification from the tense of the closest following finite clause \REF{ex:8:x1442}--\REF{ex:8:x1445}, or in the case of a right-dislocated medial clause, from the preceding finite clause \REF{ex:8:x1471}.
A: word: yi-i-nan=i	 gloss: give.me-Np-FU.2s=QM
B: word: maa	 gloss: thing/food
C: word: on-i-nan	 gloss: do-NP-FU.2s
D: word: kuuf-i-nan	 gloss: see-NP-FU.2s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 109:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa unowa ifer-aasa=ke ___ miiw-aasa=ke fan p-ir-am-ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): thing many sea-canoe=CF ___ land-canoe=CF here BPX-come-SS.SIM-be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The cargo was brought up (to the coast) by ship(s), and (then) trucks kept bringing it here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{ds}} medial verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5.2}) do not differentiate between sequential and simultaneous action. Sequential action \REF{ex:8:x1502} is the default interpretation for verbs other than \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be', which is interpreted as simultaneous with the verb in the reference clause \REF{ex:8:x1503}. So in order to specify that two or more actions by different participants took place at the same time, the speaker needs to use the continuous aspect form \REF{ex:8:x1472}:
A: word: urup-eya	 gloss: rise-2/3s.DS
B: word: p-urup-eya	 gloss: BPX-ascend-2/3s.DS
C: word: p-ekap-eya	 gloss: BPX-come-2/3s.DS
D: word: uuriw	 gloss: morning
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 110:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi yapen=pa ___ Amerika kerer-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM inland=LOC ___ America appear-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Many people were inland and the Americans arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{ds}} medial verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5.2}) do not differentiate between sequential and simultaneous action. Sequential action \REF{ex:8:x1502} is the default interpretation for verbs other than \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be', which is interpreted as simultaneous with the verb in the reference clause \REF{ex:8:x1503}. So in order to specify that two or more actions by different participants took place at the same time, the speaker needs to use the continuous aspect form \REF{ex:8:x1472}:
A: word: ika-iwkin	 gloss: be-2/3p.DS
B: word: maak-iwkin	 gloss: tell-2/3p.DS
C: word: ik-omak-iwkin	 gloss: be-DISTR/PL-2/3p.DS
D: word: manek-aya=na	 gloss: big-2/3s.DS=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo maamuma ___ maak-e-m, {\textquotedbl}Iir oko=pa ni-i-nen.''
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM money ___ tell-PA-1s time other=LOC give.you-NP-FU.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I had no money and I told him (or: Because I had no money I told him), ``I'll give it to you another time.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the chaining structure itself only specifies the temporal relationship between the clauses and is otherwise neutral, it is open especially for causal/consecutive interpretation. \citet[237]{Reesink1983b} notes this for different-subject medial verbs in Usan, and although not very common in Mauwake in general, it is more frequent with \textsc{ds} predicates \REF{ex:8:x1434}, \REF{ex:8:x1412} than with \textsc{ss} verbs.
A: word: weetak-eya	 gloss: no-2/3s.DS
B: word: papako	 gloss: some
C: word: marewa=ke=yon	 gloss: none=CF-perhaps
D: word: marew-eya	 gloss: no(ne)-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Muuka\textsubscript{O} p-or-op ___ yak-i-ya.
Gloss (with missing item): son BPX-descend-SS.SEQ ___ bathe-NP-PR.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`They bring the son down (from the house) and take him (to the well) and (so) he bathes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The causal/consecutive interpretation is most common when the object of a transitive medial clause becomes the subject in an intransitive reference clause: in example \REF{ex:8:x1504} `the son' is the object of the first two clauses and the subject of the final clause.
A: word: p-er-iwkin	 gloss: BPX-go-2/3p.DS
B: word: p-ekap-eya	 gloss: BPX-come-2/3s.DS
C: word: ufer-iwkin	 gloss: miss-2/3p.DS
D: word: takira	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Siiwa, epa maak-e-mik nain ___ ma-e-k, ``Amerika aakisa irak-owa kerer-e-mik.''
Gloss (with missing item): moon place/time tell-PA-1/3p that1 ___ say-PA-3s America now fight-NMZ appear-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`He understood the month and time/place that they (had) told him, and (so) he said, ``Now the Americans have come to fight.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cognition verbs and feeling or experiential verbs seem to be the only ones that allow a causal/consecutive interpretation when a medial clause has a \textsc{ss} verb \REF{ex:8:x1440}--\REF{ex:8:x1484}:
A: word: yeesus	 gloss: Jesus
B: word: ikoka	 gloss: later
C: word: paayar-ep	 gloss: understand-SS.SEQ
D: word: paayar-e-m	 gloss: understand-PA-1s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua oko=ko ___ ikemika kaik-ow(a) mua wiar ikiw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): man other=CF ___ wound tie-NMZ man 3.DAT go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`A man got sick and (so) he went to a doctor.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cognition verbs and feeling or experiential verbs seem to be the only ones that allow a causal/consecutive interpretation when a medial clause has a \textsc{ss} verb \REF{ex:8:x1440}--\REF{ex:8:x1484}:
A: word: napum-ar-ep	 gloss: sickness-INCH-SS.SEQ
B: word: naap	 gloss: thus
C: word: mua=pa	 gloss: man=LOC
D: word: napum-ar-e-k	 gloss: sickness-INCH-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mik-ap, patot=iw mik-ap, aaw-ep, aasa=pa wu-ap, amap-urup-ep, yena koora=pa wu-ap, uuriw epa wiim-eya or-op, saa=pa ___ uup-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): spear-SS.SEQ fishing.spear=INST spear-SS.SEQ take-SS.SEQ canoe=LOC put-SS.SEQ \TEXTSC{BPx}-ascend-SS.SEQ 1s.GEN house=LOC put-SS.SEQ morning place get.light-2/3s.DS descend-SS.SEQ sand=LOC ___ cook-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`I speared it, I speared it with a fishing spear, and took it and put it in the canoe, brought it up and put it in my house, and in the morning when it was light I went down and butchered it on the beach, and \textstyleEmphasizedWords{we} cooked it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When a singular subject changes into a plural there is more variation. First person singular changing into plural calls for same-subject marking \REF{ex:8:x1435}, but second person singular switching into first person plural requires different-subject marking even when this second person singular is part of the group denoted by the first person plural \REF{ex:8:x1439}.
A: word: uup-ep	 gloss: cook-SS.SEQ
B: word: na-ep	 gloss: say-SS.SEQ
C: word: pa-ep	 gloss: butcher-SS.SEQ
D: word: umuk-a-mik=na	 gloss: extinguish-PA-1/3p=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ikiw-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ go-NP-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`When you come we (including you) will go.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When a singular subject changes into a plural there is more variation. First person singular changing into plural calls for same-subject marking \REF{ex:8:x1435}, but second person singular switching into first person plural requires different-subject marking even when this second person singular is part of the group denoted by the first person plural \REF{ex:8:x1439}.
A: word: p-ekap-eya	 gloss: BPX-come-2/3s.DS
B: word: uruf-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
C: word: ekap-iwkin	 gloss: come-2/3p.DS
D: word: ekap-eya	 gloss: come-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I ikoka yien=iw urup-ep nia maak-omkun ___ aria owawiya feeke pok-ap ik-ok eka liiwa muuta en-ep aria ni soomar-ek-eka.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM later 1p.GEN=LIM ascend-SS.SEQ 2p.ACC tell-1s/p.DS ___ alright together here.CF sit-SS.SEQ be-SS water a.little only eat-SS.SEQ alright 2p.UNM walk-go-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Later we (by) ourselves will come up and tell you (to come), and when you come down we will sit here together and eat a bit of something and then you (can) walk back.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When a second person plural switches into a first person plural (including the people indicated by the 2p), the marking has to be for different subject, but in the opposite case, the first person plural changing into the second person plural (again included in the 1p), the marking can be either for same or different subject. Both of these are exemplified in \REF{ex:8:x248}. Here the switch from first person plural to second person plural is marked with the \textsc{ss} marking.
A: word: uruf-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
B: word: merena	 gloss: leg
C: word: or-eya	 gloss: descend-2/3s.DS
D: word: ora-iwkin	 gloss: descend-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D