cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I ikoka yien=iw urup-ep nia maak-omkun ora-iwkin aria owawiya feeke pok-ap ik-ok eka liiwa muuta ___ aria ni soomar-ek-eka.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM later 1p.GEN=LIM ascend-SS.SEQ 2p.ACC tell-1s/p.DS descend-2/3p.DS alright together here.CF sit-SS.SEQ be-SS water a.little only ___ alright 2p.UNM walk-go-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Later we (by) ourselves will come up and tell you (to come), and when you come down we will sit here together and eat a bit of something and then you (can) walk back.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When a second person plural switches into a first person plural (including the people indicated by the 2p), the marking has to be for different subject, but in the opposite case, the first person plural changing into the second person plural (again included in the 1p), the marking can be either for same or different subject. Both of these are exemplified in \REF{ex:8:x248}. Here the switch from first person plural to second person plural is marked with the \textsc{ss} marking.
A: word: en-ep	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ
B: word: en-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
C: word: nop-ap-pu-ap	 gloss: clear-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
D: word: en-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ maa eka saanar-em-ik-eya iki(w-e)p eka un-ep ekap-ep amina=pa feef-am-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ food water dry-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS go-SS.SEQ water draw-SS.SEQ come-SS.SEQ pot=LOC pour-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were cooking it and the soup kept drying and they kept going and drawing water and coming and pouring it in the pot.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: nan	 gloss: there
B: word: urup-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: ascend-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
C: word: uup-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: cook-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
D: word: uruf-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Uup-em-ika-iwkin maa eka ___ iki(w-e)p eka un-ep ekap-ep amina=pa feef-am-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): cook-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS food water ___ go-SS.SEQ water draw-SS.SEQ come-SS.SEQ pot=LOC pour-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were cooking it and the soup kept drying and they kept going and drawing water and coming and pouring it in the pot.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: on-am-ik-eya	 gloss: do-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: saanar-em-ik-eya	 gloss: dry-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: soomar-em-ik-eya	 gloss: walk-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: nain	 gloss: that1
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria panewowa nain wiimasip erup wia aaw-ep owow uruma or-op iimar-ep ___ iwera oko mekemkar-ep or-eya wi iwera ir-iwkin nainiw kaken iimar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): woman old that1 3s/p.grandchild two 3p.ACC take-SS.SEQ village open.place descend-SS.SEQ stand.up-SS.SEQ ___ coconut other bend-SS.SEQ descend-2/3s.DS 3p.UNM coconut climb-2/3p.DS again straight stand.up-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The old woman took the two grandchildren and they went down to the village square and were standing there, and a coconut palm bent down and they climbed up the coconut palm and it stood up straight again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: uruf-ap	 gloss: see-SS.SEQ
B: word: ika-iwkin	 gloss: be-2/3p.DS
C: word: uruf-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
D: word: ika-eya	 gloss: be-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria panewowa nain wiimasip erup wia aaw-ep owow uruma or-op iimar-ep ika-iwkin iwera oko mekemkar-ep ___ wi iwera ir-iwkin nainiw kaken iimar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): woman old that1 3s/p.grandchild two 3p.ACC take-SS.SEQ village open.place descend-SS.SEQ stand.up-SS.SEQ be-2/3p.DS coconut other bend-SS.SEQ ___ 3p.UNM coconut climb-2/3p.DS again straight stand.up-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The old woman took the two grandchildren and they went down to the village square and were standing there, and a coconut palm bent down and they climbed up the coconut palm and it stood up straight again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: ora-iwkin	 gloss: descend-2/3p.DS
B: word: or-eya	 gloss: descend-2/3s.DS
C: word: weeser-eya	 gloss: finish-2/3s.DS
D: word: nomona	 gloss: stone
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 123:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria panewowa nain wiimasip erup wia aaw-ep owow uruma or-op iimar-ep ika-iwkin iwera oko mekemkar-ep or-eya wi iwera ___ nainiw kaken iimar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): woman old that1 3s/p.grandchild two 3p.ACC take-SS.SEQ village open.place descend-SS.SEQ stand.up-SS.SEQ be-2/3p.DS coconut other bend-SS.SEQ descend-2/3s.DS 3p.UNM coconut ___ again straight stand.up-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The old woman took the two grandchildren and they went down to the village square and were standing there, and a coconut palm bent down and they climbed up the coconut palm and it stood up straight again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: ora-iwkin	 gloss: descend-2/3p.DS
B: word: ir-iwkin	 gloss: climb-2/3p.DS
C: word: burir=iw	 gloss: axe=INST
D: word: iirar-iwkin	 gloss: remove-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 124:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria panewowa nain wiimasip erup wia aaw-ep owow uruma or-op iimar-ep ___ iwera oko mekemkar-ep or-eya wi iwera ir-iwkin nainiw kaken iimar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): woman old that1 3s/p.grandchild two 3p.ACC take-SS.SEQ village open.place descend-SS.SEQ stand.up-SS.SEQ ___ coconut other bend-SS.SEQ descend-2/3s.DS 3p.UNM coconut climb-2/3p.DS again straight stand.up-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The old woman took the two grandchildren and they went down to the village square and were standing there, and a coconut palm bent down and they climbed up the coconut palm and it stood up straight again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: uruf-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
B: word: ika-eya	 gloss: be-2/3s.DS
C: word: ir-iwkin	 gloss: climb-2/3p.DS
D: word: ika-iwkin	 gloss: be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 125:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria panewowa nain wiimasip erup wia aaw-ep owow uruma or-op iimar-ep ika-iwkin iwera oko mekemkar-ep ___ wi iwera ir-iwkin nainiw kaken iimar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): woman old that1 3s/p.grandchild two 3p.ACC take-SS.SEQ village open.place descend-SS.SEQ stand.up-SS.SEQ be-2/3p.DS coconut other bend-SS.SEQ ___ 3p.UNM coconut climb-2/3p.DS again straight stand.up-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The old woman took the two grandchildren and they went down to the village square and were standing there, and a coconut palm bent down and they climbed up the coconut palm and it stood up straight again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: weeser-eya	 gloss: finish-2/3s.DS
B: word: ora-iwkin	 gloss: descend-2/3p.DS
C: word: yia	 gloss: 1s.ACC
D: word: or-eya	 gloss: descend-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 126:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria panewowa nain wiimasip erup wia aaw-ep owow uruma or-op iimar-ep ika-iwkin iwera oko mekemkar-ep or-eya wi iwera ___ nainiw kaken iimar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): woman old that1 3s/p.grandchild two 3p.ACC take-SS.SEQ village open.place descend-SS.SEQ stand.up-SS.SEQ be-2/3p.DS coconut other bend-SS.SEQ descend-2/3s.DS 3p.UNM coconut ___ again straight stand.up-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The old woman took the two grandchildren and they went down to the village square and were standing there, and a coconut palm bent down and they climbed up the coconut palm and it stood up straight again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Competition between a more topical subject with a less topical one most commonly occurs when a clause with an inanimate subject intervenes between clauses where there is an animate/human subject. Even here the ``normal'' \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} strategy is used, if the inanimate subject is topical enough to control the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking in the same way as animate subjects do. In the following examples, the drying of the soup \REF{ex:8:x1474} and the bending of the coconut palm \REF{ex:8:x1480} are important events in the development of the story and so the regular \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking is maintained. In \REF{ex:8:x1480}, the coconut palm can also be interpreted as a volitional participant, as it bends and straightens itself according to the needs of the people.
A: word: ir-iwkin	 gloss: climb-2/3p.DS
B: word: iirar-iwkin	 gloss: remove-2/3p.DS
C: word: ora-iwkin	 gloss: descend-2/3p.DS
D: word: ekap-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: come-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 127:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aria maa en-ep naap ___ kokom-ar-eya in-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): alright food eat-SS.SEQ thus ___ dark-INCH-2/3s.DS sleep-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Alright we ate and stayed like that and (then) it became dark and we slept.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When an inanimate subject is low in terms of topicality, the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking of the previous clause disregards it and indicates same-subject continuation, but the verb in the inanimate clause has to indicate a change of subject, if a more topical subject follows. This structure in many Papuan languages is typical of temporal and climate expressions and other impersonal predications (\citealt{Reesink1983a}, \citealt{Roberts1988b}), which are often used for giving backgrounded\footnote{\citet[244]{Farr1999} calls this on-line background to distinguish it from the off-line background information of subordinate clauses.} information. In examples \REF{ex:8:x1482} and \REF{ex:8:x1475} the verb in the initial medial clause predicating the action of human participants is marked with same subject following even when the following clause mentions the coming of darkness or dawn. Returning to the main line action requires different-subject marking. In the examples, the ``skipped'' medial clauses are in brackets.
A: word: ekap-eya	 gloss: come-2/3s.DS
B: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
C: word: mauw-am-ik-ok	 gloss: work-SS.SIM-be-SS
D: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 128:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aria maa en-ep naap ik-ok ___ in-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): alright food eat-SS.SEQ thus be-SS ___ sleep-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Alright we ate and stayed like that and (then) it became dark and we slept.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When an inanimate subject is low in terms of topicality, the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{sr}} marking of the previous clause disregards it and indicates same-subject continuation, but the verb in the inanimate clause has to indicate a change of subject, if a more topical subject follows. This structure in many Papuan languages is typical of temporal and climate expressions and other impersonal predications (\citealt{Reesink1983a}, \citealt{Roberts1988b}), which are often used for giving backgrounded\footnote{\citet[244]{Farr1999} calls this on-line background to distinguish it from the off-line background information of subordinate clauses.} information. In examples \REF{ex:8:x1482} and \REF{ex:8:x1475} the verb in the initial medial clause predicating the action of human participants is marked with same subject following even when the following clause mentions the coming of darkness or dawn. Returning to the main line action requires different-subject marking. In the examples, the ``skipped'' medial clauses are in brackets.
A: word: samor-ar-eya	 gloss: bad-INCH-2/3s.DS
B: word: nie	 gloss: 2s/p.uncle
C: word: ekap-eya	 gloss: come-2/3s.DS
D: word: kokom-ar-eya	 gloss: dark-INCH-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 129:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kir-ep ___ epa wiim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): turn-SS.SEQ ___ place dawn-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`They turned and as they were coming, it dawned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the impersonal predicate is important for the main story line, rather than providing backgrounded information, the impersonal verb itself is placed as a final verb, and the verb in the preceding medial clause is marked for different subject \REF{ex:8:x1492}. \citet[206]{Reesink1987} notes a similar rule for Usan.
A: word: on-am-ik-eya	 gloss: do-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: umuk-a-mik=na	 gloss: extinguish-PA-1/3p=TP
C: word: urup-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: ascend-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
D: word: ekap-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: come-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D