cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 178:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ...pok-ap ika-iwkin mua wiar ___ wiinar-ep. Ekap-emi wia maak-e-mik, ``Maa iiw-eka.''
Gloss (with missing item): sit.down-SS.SEQ be-SS.SEQ man 3.DAT ___ make.planting.holes-SS.SEQ come-SS.SIM 3p.ACC tell-PA-1/3p food dish.out-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`{\dots} they were sitting and their husbands came, having made the planting holes. They came and told them, ``Dish out the food.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The tail-head linkage disregards right-dislocated items that come between the two verbs \REF{ex:8:x1518}, \REF{ex:8:x1519}.
A: word: ora-iwkin	 gloss: descend-2/3p.DS
B: word: fan-e-mik	 gloss: here-PA-1/3p
C: word: ekap-e-mik	 gloss: come-PA-1/3p
D: word: p-ekap-e-mik=i	 gloss: BPX-come-PA-1/3p=QM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 179:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ...pok-ap ika-iwkin mua wiar ekap-e-mik, wiinar-ep. ___ wia maak-e-mik, ``Maa iiw-eka.''
Gloss (with missing item): sit.down-SS.SEQ be-SS.SEQ man 3.DAT come-PA-1/3p make.planting.holes-SS.SEQ ___ 3p.ACC tell-PA-1/3p food dish.out-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`{\dots} they were sitting and their husbands came, having made the planting holes. They came and told them, ``Dish out the food.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The tail-head linkage disregards right-dislocated items that come between the two verbs \REF{ex:8:x1518}, \REF{ex:8:x1519}.
A: word: ekap-emi	 gloss: come-SS.SIM
B: word: ekap-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: come-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
C: word: on-ami	 gloss: do-SS.SIM
D: word: oko	 gloss: other
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 180:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ni ___ unuf-a-man nain, aria iimeka kuisow na-e-man.
Gloss (with missing item): 2p.UNM ___ call-PA-2p that1 alright ten one say-PA-2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The money that you mentioned, alright you said ten (kina).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In typological terms, relative clauses in Mauwake are mostly replacive, also called internal \REF{ex:8:x1529}--\REF{ex:8:x1546}. A normal finite clause is made into a noun phrase by the addition of the demonstrative \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{nain}, and the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{relnp}} inside the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} replaces the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{antnp}}. Pre-nominal \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}s,} where the\textstyleAcronymallcaps{ \textsc{rc}} precedes the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{antnp},} are cross-linguistically more typical of \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{ov}} languages than replacive ones \citep[144]{Keenan1985}, but the latter are also common in Papuan languages (\citealt[229]{Reesink1983b} and \citealt[219]{Reesink1987}, \citealt[49]{Roberts1987}, \citealt[281]{Farr1999}, \citealt[193]{Whitehead2004}). Often both pre-nominal and replacive \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}s are possible, with one or the other being the dominant type.
A: word: akia	 gloss: banana
B: word: nomona	 gloss: stone
C: word: nomokowa	 gloss: tree
D: word: kes	 gloss: coffin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 181:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ne ___ ik-e-k nain me en-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ADD ___ roast-PA-3s that1 not eat-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`And/but he did not eat the banana(s) that he roasted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In typological terms, relative clauses in Mauwake are mostly replacive, also called internal \REF{ex:8:x1529}--\REF{ex:8:x1546}. A normal finite clause is made into a noun phrase by the addition of the demonstrative \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{nain}, and the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{relnp}} inside the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} replaces the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{antnp}}. Pre-nominal \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}s,} where the\textstyleAcronymallcaps{ \textsc{rc}} precedes the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{antnp},} are cross-linguistically more typical of \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{ov}} languages than replacive ones \citep[144]{Keenan1985}, but the latter are also common in Papuan languages (\citealt[229]{Reesink1983b} and \citealt[219]{Reesink1987}, \citealt[49]{Roberts1987}, \citealt[281]{Farr1999}, \citealt[193]{Whitehead2004}). Often both pre-nominal and replacive \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}s are possible, with one or the other being the dominant type.
A: word: enakiwa	 gloss: half
B: word: iwer(a)	 gloss: coconut
C: word: akia	 gloss: banana
D: word: wafur-a-k	 gloss: throw-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 182:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ikiw-e-mik nain, fofa nain yo me paayar-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ go-PA-1/3p that1 day that1 1s.UNM not know-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The day that they went, I do not know the day/date.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible to retain the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}, in which case the relative clause is not replacive but pre-nominal. In Mauwake this is not common; it is used when the noun phrase that is relativized is given extra emphasis \REF{ex:8:x1532}.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: amirk=iw	 gloss: day=INST
C: word: fofa=pa	 gloss: market=LOC
D: word: fofa	 gloss: day
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 183:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fofa ikiw-e-mik nain, ___ nain yo me paayar-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): day go-PA-1/3p that1 ___ that1 1s.UNM not know-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The day that they went, I do not know the day/date.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible to retain the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}, in which case the relative clause is not replacive but pre-nominal. In Mauwake this is not common; it is used when the noun phrase that is relativized is given extra emphasis \REF{ex:8:x1532}.
A: word: fofa	 gloss: day
B: word: fofa=pa	 gloss: market=LOC
C: word: ora-iwkin	 gloss: descend-2/3p.DS
D: word: amirk=iw	 gloss: day=INST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 184:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ teeria papako o asip-a-mik, ona eka sesenar-ep wienak-e-k nain.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ group other 3s.UNM help-PA-1/3p 3s.GEN water buy-SS.SEQ feed.them-PA-3s that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`Another group helped him, (those) that he had bought and given beer to.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even though the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} is usually embedded in the main clause, it can be right-dislocated. In that case the main clause contains the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}, and the relative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} is deleted from the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}. This way the first one of the coreferential \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}s is retained for easier processing. Reasons for right-dislocating a relative clause are firstly, a long \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, which would be hard to process sentence-medially \REF{ex:8:x1533}, secondly, focusing on the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, or thirdly, an afterthought: something that the speaker still wants to add \REF{ex:8:x1534}.
A: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
B: word: or-eya	 gloss: descend-2/3s.DS
C: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
D: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 185:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi ___ papako o asip-a-mik, ona eka sesenar-ep wienak-e-k nain.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM ___ other 3s.UNM help-PA-1/3p 3s.GEN water buy-SS.SEQ feed.them-PA-3s that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`Another group helped him, (those) that he had bought and given beer to.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even though the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} is usually embedded in the main clause, it can be right-dislocated. In that case the main clause contains the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}, and the relative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} is deleted from the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}. This way the first one of the coreferential \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}s is retained for easier processing. Reasons for right-dislocating a relative clause are firstly, a long \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, which would be hard to process sentence-medially \REF{ex:8:x1533}, secondly, focusing on the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, or thirdly, an afterthought: something that the speaker still wants to add \REF{ex:8:x1534}.
A: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
B: word: teeria	 gloss: group
C: word: kaik-ap	 gloss: tie-SS.SEQ
D: word: pura	 gloss: bunch
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 186:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi teeria ___ o asip-a-mik, ona eka sesenar-ep wienak-e-k nain.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM group ___ 3s.UNM help-PA-1/3p 3s.GEN water buy-SS.SEQ feed.them-PA-3s that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`Another group helped him, (those) that he had bought and given beer to.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even though the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} is usually embedded in the main clause, it can be right-dislocated. In that case the main clause contains the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}, and the relative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} is deleted from the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}. This way the first one of the coreferential \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}s is retained for easier processing. Reasons for right-dislocating a relative clause are firstly, a long \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, which would be hard to process sentence-medially \REF{ex:8:x1533}, secondly, focusing on the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, or thirdly, an afterthought: something that the speaker still wants to add \REF{ex:8:x1534}.
A: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
B: word: papako=ke	 gloss: some=CF
C: word: pun	 gloss: also
D: word: papako	 gloss: other
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 187:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mua yiam ikur, fikera ikiw-e-mik nain.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ man 1p.REFL five kunai.grass go-PA-1/3p that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`There were five of us men that went to the kunai grass (=pig-hunting).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even though the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} the morpheme ___s usually embedded the morpheme ___n the mathe morpheme ___n clause, the morpheme ___t can be rthe morpheme ___ght-dthe morpheme ___slocated. In that case the mathe morpheme ___n clause contathe morpheme ___ns the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}, and the relatthe morpheme ___ve \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} the morpheme ___s deleted from the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}. Ththe morpheme ___s way the fthe morpheme ___rst one of the coreferentthe morpheme ___al \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}s the morpheme ___s retathe morpheme ___ned for easthe morpheme ___er processthe morpheme ___ng. Reasons for rthe morpheme ___ght-dthe morpheme ___slocatthe morpheme ___ng a relatthe morpheme ___ve clause are fthe morpheme ___rstly, a long \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, whthe morpheme ___ch would be hard to process sentence-medthe morpheme ___ally \REF{ex:8:x1533}, secondly, focusthe morpheme ___ng on the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, or ththe morpheme ___rdly, an afterthought: someththe morpheme ___ng that the speaker stthe morpheme ___ll wants to add \REF{ex:8:x1534}.
A: word: wiim-eya	 gloss: dawn-2/3s.DS
B: word: takira	 gloss: child
C: word: i	 gloss: 1p.UNM
D: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 188:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I ___ yiam ikur, fikera ikiw-e-mik nain.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM ___ 1p.REFL five kunai.grass go-PA-1/3p that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`There were five of us men that went to the kunai grass (=pig-hunting).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even though the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} is usually embedded in the main clause, it can be right-dislocated. In that case the main clause contains the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}, and the relative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} is deleted from the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}. This way the first one of the coreferential \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}}s is retained for easier processing. Reasons for right-dislocating a relative clause are firstly, a long \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, which would be hard to process sentence-medially \REF{ex:8:x1533}, secondly, focusing on the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}, or thirdly, an afterthought: something that the speaker still wants to add \REF{ex:8:x1534}.
A: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
B: word: mua	 gloss: man
C: word: on-i-nan	 gloss: do-NP-FU.2s
D: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 189:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi mua ... ekap-iwkin wienak-e-mik, ___ nop-a-mik nain.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM man ... come-2/3p.DS feed.them-PA-1/3p ___ search-PA-1/3p that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`The men {\dots} came, and we gave it to them to eat, (that is,) the food that we had searched for.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a very rare case the antecedent \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} is deleted and the relative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} is retained in the right-dislocated \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}}. What makes it possible in example \REF{ex:8:x1535} may be that the verb in the main clause can only have some its gloss ___ (or medicine/poison) as its object, so the object, although usually present, may also be left out.
A: word: en-em-ik-eya	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: maa	 gloss: food
C: word: ane	 gloss: together
D: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 190:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nomokowa war-e-m nain,] burir nain duduw-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ tree cut-PA-1s that1 axe that blunt-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The axe with which I cut trees became blunt.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \citegen[140]{Comrie1981} ``non-reduction type'' is exhibited in Mauwake by those few cases where the relative \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{np}} keeps its oblique case marking. With overt case marking on the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{relnp}}, the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{antnp}} has to be retained \REF{ex:8:x1544}:
A: word: burir	 gloss: axe
B: word: kiikir=iw	 gloss: first=INST
C: word: uruf-ap	 gloss: see-SS.SEQ
D: word: burir=iw	 gloss: axe=INST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 191:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nomokowa war-e-m nain=ke duduw-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ tree cut-PA-1s that1=CF blunt-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The axe with which I cut trees became blunt.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But when the case marking does not appear in the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc},} the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{antnp}} is not present in the main clause either, and the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{rc}} is a gapping-type relative clause \REF{ex:8:x1541}:
A: word: burir=iw	 gloss: axe=INST
B: word: kuuf-am-ik-eya	 gloss: watch-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: enim-eka	 gloss: eat-IMP.2p
D: word: burir	 gloss: axe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 192:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Koora ___ maneka nain uruf-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): house ___ big that1 see-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw the house that is not big.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the negative, these clauses are different from the noun phrases because the negation is placed before the non-verbal predicate \REF{ex:8:x1551}.
A: word: (me	 gloss: (not
B: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
C: word: me	 gloss: not
D: word: ekap-eya	 gloss: come-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 193:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ asia fiker(a) gone=pa ika-i-ya nain aaw-em-ik-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ wild kunai.grass middle=LOC be-NP-PR.3s that1 get-SS.SIM-be-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I kept picking wild wingbeans that are/grow in the middle of the kunai grass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Subject \REF{ex:8:x1537} and object \REF{ex:8:x1538} are the most frequent functions of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{RelNP}}.
A: word: lasen=ke	 gloss: Lasen=CF
B: word: sesa	 gloss: price
C: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
D: word: mesa	 gloss: wingbean
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D