cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 161:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ...mua me wia imen-a-mik. Naap ___ sarere uura buburia ona amia mua wiar kerer-ep opaimika=pa yia wu-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ...man not 3p.ACC find-PA-1/3p thus ___ Saturday night bald 3s.GEN bow man 3.DAT appear-SS.SEQ talk=LOC 1p.ACC put-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`{\dots} we didn't find the men. It was like that, and on Saturday evening the bald man himself went to the police and accused us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textsc{ss} medial form of the verb `be' is used in the expression \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{naap ikok} `it is/was thus (and)', regardless of the following subject/topic \REF{ex:8:x1500}, \REF{ex:8:x1501}. The construction seems to have grammaticalized as an expression of an indefinite time span.
A: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
B: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
C: word: wafur-a-k	 gloss: throw-PA-3s
D: word: mauw-am-ik-ok	 gloss: work-SS.SIM-be-SS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 162:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap ___ uruf-am-ika-iwkin wia.
Gloss (with missing item): thus ___ see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS no
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was like that and they were watching him, but no (he didn't get any better).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even when the final clause is verbless \REF{ex:8:x1497}, \REF{ex:8:x1498}, or missing completely because of ellipsis \REF{ex:8:x1499}, a medial clause is still possible. In both cases, the \textsc{sr} marking is based on what the expected subject would be, if there were one.
A: word: mauw-am-ik-ok	 gloss: work-SS.SIM-be-SS
B: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
C: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
D: word: saawirin-ow-iwkin	 gloss: round-CAUS-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 163:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap ik-ok ___ wia.
Gloss (with missing item): thus be-SS ___ no
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was like that and they were watching him, but no (he didn't get any better).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even when the final clause is verbless \REF{ex:8:x1497}, \REF{ex:8:x1498}, or missing completely because of ellipsis \REF{ex:8:x1499}, a medial clause is still possible. In both cases, the \textsc{sr} marking is based on what the expected subject would be, if there were one.
A: word: uruf-am-ik-eya	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3.DS
B: word: uruf-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
C: word: wu-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: put-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
D: word: muuka	 gloss: son
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 164:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iinan aasa gurun-owa ___ eka=iw umuk-owa ewur.
Gloss (with missing item): sky canoe rumble-NMZ ___ water=INST extinguish-NMZ quickly
The English translation of this sentence is:`We heard the rumble of the airplane(s) and quickly extinguished (the fires) with water (lit: and the extinguishing with water quickly).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even when the final clause is verbless \REF{ex:8:x1497}, \REF{ex:8:x1498}, or missing completely because of ellipsis \REF{ex:8:x1499}, a medial clause is still possible. In both cases, the \textsc{sr} marking is based on what the expected subject would be, if there were one.
A: word: na-ep	 gloss: say-SS.SEQ
B: word: miim-am-ika-i-kuan	 gloss: hear-SS.SIM-be-Np-FU.3p
C: word: miim-ap	 gloss: hear-SS.SEQ
D: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 165:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Moma wiar ___ uruf-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): taro 3.DAT ___ see-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`It was eating their taro, and they saw it.' (Or: `They saw that it was eating their taro.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perception verbs in Mauwake mostly use a medial clause as a complementation strategy \citep[371]{Dixon2010a}, when the object of the perception verb is an \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{activity}} \REF{ex:8:x1509}--\REF{ex:8:x1511}.\footnote{\citet[237]{Reesink1983b} notes this for Usan too.} Regular, nominalized complement clauses are only used with perception verbs when a \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{fact}} is reported (\sectref{sec:8.3.2.2}).
A: word: miiw-aasa	 gloss: land-canoe
B: word: weeser-em-ik-eya	 gloss: finish-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: en-em-ik-omkun	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
D: word: en-em-ik-eya	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 166:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo me baliwep paayar-e-m, oram iperowa=ke ___ miim-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM not well understand-PA-1s just middle.aged=CF ___ hear-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I do not understand it well, I have just heard the older people tell stories about it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perception verbs in Mauwake mostly use a medial clause as a complementation strategy \citep[371]{Dixon2010a}, when the object of the perception verb is an \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{activity}} \REF{ex:8:x1509}--\REF{ex:8:x1511}.\footnote{\citet[237]{Reesink1983b} notes this for Usan too.} Regular, nominalized complement clauses are only used with perception verbs when a \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{fact}} is reported (\sectref{sec:8.3.2.2}).
A: word: nanar-iwkin	 gloss: tell.story-2/3p.DS
B: word: iirar-iwkin	 gloss: remove-2/3p.DS
C: word: pun	 gloss: also
D: word: maak-eya	 gloss: tell-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 167:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ samor-ar-e-k. Miiw-aasa samor-ar-eya{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): ___ bad-INCH-PA-3s land-canoe bad-INCH-2/3s.DS
The English translation of this sentence is:`The car broke. The car broke and {\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The repeated verb retains its arguments, but there is a choice in how overtly they and the peripherals are marked in the medial clause. Retaining them makes the medial clause more emphatic, and the first element becomes a theme for the new sentence (\sectref{sec:9.1}). In \REF{ex:8:x1505} only the verbs are copied; \REF{ex:8:x1506} copies the subject as well, \REF{ex:8:x1507} the object and \REF{ex:8:x1508} the locative adverbial.
A: word: miiw-aasa=ke	 gloss: land-canoe=CF
B: word: burir=iw	 gloss: axe=INST
C: word: aasa	 gloss: canoe
D: word: miiw-aasa	 gloss: land-canoe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 168:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Miiw-aasa samor-ar-e-k. ___ samor-ar-eya{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): land-canoe bad-INCH-PA-3s ___ bad-INCH-2/3s.DS
The English translation of this sentence is:`The car broke. The car broke and {\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The repeated verb retains its arguments, but there is a choice in how overtly they and the peripherals are marked in the medial clause. Retaining them makes the medial clause more emphatic, and the first element becomes a theme for the new sentence (\sectref{sec:9.1}). In \REF{ex:8:x1505} only the verbs are copied; \REF{ex:8:x1506} copies the subject as well, \REF{ex:8:x1507} the object and \REF{ex:8:x1508} the locative adverbial.
A: word: miiw-aasa=ke	 gloss: land-canoe=CF
B: word: miiw-aasa	 gloss: land-canoe
C: word: uruf-i-yem=na	 gloss: look-NP-PR.1s=TP
D: word: aasa	 gloss: canoe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 169:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): P-ikiw-ep ___ nan wu-a-mik. Bogia=pa nan wu-ap i kiiriw ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): BPX-go-SS.SEQ ___ there put-PA-1/3p Bogia=LOC there put-SS.SEQ 1p.\TEXTSC{UNM} again come-\TEXTSC{PA}-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We took it (=his body) and put/buried it in Bogia. We put it in Bogia and came back again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The repeated verb retains its arguments, but there is a choice in how overtly they and the peripherals are marked in the medial clause. Retaining them makes the medial clause more emphatic, and the first element becomes a theme for the new sentence (\sectref{sec:9.1}). In \REF{ex:8:x1505} only the verbs are copied; \REF{ex:8:x1506} copies the subject as well, \REF{ex:8:x1507} the object and \REF{ex:8:x1508} the locative adverbial.
A: word: bogia=pa	 gloss: Bogia=LOC
B: word: iirar-iwkin	 gloss: remove-2/3p.DS
C: word: bogia	 gloss: Bogia
D: word: numbia=pa	 gloss: Numbia=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 170:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): P-ikiw-ep Bogia=pa ___ wu-a-mik. Bogia=pa nan wu-ap i kiiriw ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): BPX-go-SS.SEQ Bogia=LOC ___ put-PA-1/3p Bogia=LOC there put-SS.SEQ 1p.\TEXTSC{UNM} again come-\TEXTSC{PA}-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We took it (=his body) and put/buried it in Bogia. We put it in Bogia and came back again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The repeated verb retains its arguments, but its gloss ___ is a choice in how overtly they and the peripherals are marked in the medial clause. Retaining them makes the medial clause more emphatic, and the first element becomes a theme for the new sentence (\sectref{sec:9.1}). In \REF{ex:8:x1505} only the verbs are copied; \REF{ex:8:x1506} copies the subject as well, \REF{ex:8:x1507} the object and \REF{ex:8:x1508} the locative adverbial.
A: word: yi-i-nan=i	 gloss: give.me-Np-FU.2s=QM
B: word: nan	 gloss: there
C: word: ere-erup	 gloss: RDP-two
D: word: fan	 gloss: here
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 171:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): P-ikiw-ep Bogia=pa nan wu-a-mik. ___ nan wu-ap i kiiriw ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): BPX-go-SS.SEQ Bogia=LOC there put-PA-1/3p ___ there put-SS.SEQ 1p.\TEXTSC{UNM} again come-\TEXTSC{PA}-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We took it (=his body) and put/buried it in Bogia. We put it in Bogia and came back again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The repeated verb retains its arguments, but there is a choice in how overtly they and the peripherals are marked in the medial clause. Retaining them makes the medial clause more emphatic, and the first element becomes a theme for the new sentence (\sectref{sec:9.1}). In \REF{ex:8:x1505} only the verbs are copied; \REF{ex:8:x1506} copies the subject as well, \REF{ex:8:x1507} the object and \REF{ex:8:x1508} the locative adverbial.
A: word: bogia=pa	 gloss: Bogia=LOC
B: word: bogia	 gloss: Bogia
C: word: ma-e-k	 gloss: say-PA-3s
D: word: numbia=pa	 gloss: Numbia=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 172:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): P-ikiw-ep Bogia=pa nan wu-a-mik. Bogia=pa ___ wu-ap i kiiriw ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): BPX-go-SS.SEQ Bogia=LOC there put-PA-1/3p Bogia=LOC ___ put-SS.SEQ 1p.\TEXTSC{UNM} again come-\TEXTSC{PA}-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We took it (=his body) and put/buried it in Bogia. We put it in Bogia and came back again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The repeated verb retains its arguments, but its gloss ___ is a choice in how overtly they and the peripherals are marked in the medial clause. Retaining them makes the medial clause more emphatic, and the first element becomes a theme for the new sentence (\sectref{sec:9.1}). In \REF{ex:8:x1505} only the verbs are copied; \REF{ex:8:x1506} copies the subject as well, \REF{ex:8:x1507} the object and \REF{ex:8:x1508} the locative adverbial.
A: word: asia	 gloss: wild
B: word: fan	 gloss: here
C: word: nan	 gloss: there
D: word: yi-i-nan=i	 gloss: give.me-Np-FU.2s=QM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 173:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): P-ikiw-ep Bogia=pa nan wu-a-mik. Bogia=pa nan ___ i kiiriw ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): BPX-go-SS.SEQ Bogia=LOC there put-PA-1/3p Bogia=LOC there ___ 1p.\TEXTSC{UNM} again come-\TEXTSC{PA}-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We took it (=his body) and put/buried it in Bogia. We put it in Bogia and came back again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The repeated verb retains its arguments, but there is a choice in how overtly they and the peripherals are marked in the medial clause. Retaining them makes the medial clause more emphatic, and the first element becomes a theme for the new sentence (\sectref{sec:9.1}). In \REF{ex:8:x1505} only the verbs are copied; \REF{ex:8:x1506} copies the subject as well, \REF{ex:8:x1507} the object and \REF{ex:8:x1508} the locative adverbial.
A: word: asia	 gloss: wild
B: word: wu-ap	 gloss: put-SS.SEQ
C: word: aaw-ep	 gloss: take-SS.SEQ
D: word: wu-ap-pu-ami	 gloss: put-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 174:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Olas=ke ekap-emi wiowa wafur-om-a-k. ___ na weetak, ufer-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): Olas=CF come-SS.SIM spear throw-BEN-BNFY2.PA-3s ___ but no miss-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Olas came and threw a spear for him. He threw it but no, he missed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most commonly the derivational morphology in the two verbs is identical, but sometimes the derivation in the finite verb is dropped from the medial verb \REF{ex:8:x1513}, \REF{ex:8:x1514}. In \REF{ex:8:x1513}, there is a good reason for dropping the benefactive marking from the repeated verb: the spear was thrown for someone's benefit, but it missed, and consequently there was no benefit for anyone.
A: word: sesenar-ek-a-m	 gloss: buy-CNTF-PA-1s
B: word: wafur-om-i-kuan	 gloss: throw-BEN-Np-FU.3p
C: word: wafur-ap-pu-owa	 gloss: throw-SS.SEQ-CMPL-NMZ
D: word: wafur-a-k	 gloss: throw-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 175:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Olas=ke ekap-emi wiowa wafur-om-a-k. ___ na weetak, ufer-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): Olas=CF come-SS.SIM spear throw-BEN-BNFY2.PA-3s ___ but no miss-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Olas came and threw a spear for him. He threw it but no, he missed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most commonly the derivational morphology in the two verbs is identical, but sometimes the derivation in the finite verb is dropped from the medial verb \REF{ex:8:x1513}, \REF{ex:8:x1514}. In \REF{ex:8:x1513}, there is a good reason for dropping the benefactive marking from the repeated verb: the spear was thrown for someone's benefit, but it missed, and consequently there was no benefit for anyone.
A: word: teeria	 gloss: group
B: word: wafur-ap-pu-owa	 gloss: throw-SS.SEQ-CMPL-NMZ
C: word: wafur-om-i-kuan	 gloss: throw-BEN-Np-FU.3p
D: word: wafur-a-k	 gloss: throw-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 176:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ...nomokowa maala war-ep, ekap-ep ifa nain ifakim-o-k. ___ ifa nain=ke siowa wasirk-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ...tree long cut-SS.SEQ come-SS.SEQ snake that1 beat-PA-3s ___ snake that1=CF dog release-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`{\dots}he cut a long stick, came, and beat up the snake. As he was beating it, the snake released the dog.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, aspect marking normally stays the same in both the verbs, but it is also possible to have aspect marking on the medial verb, although the finite verb is without any aspect marking \REF{ex:8:x1516}, \REF{ex:8:x1517}. When new information is added to the verb either by derivation or aspect marking, it is less clear if this still is a true case of tail-head linkage.
A: word: aaw-emi	 gloss: take-SS.SIM
B: word: on-am-ik-eya	 gloss: do-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: ifakim-em-ik-eya	 gloss: beat-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: om-em-ik-eya	 gloss: cry-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 177:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Moma manina mokomokoka nop-i-mik. ___ nomokowa war-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): taro garden first clear-NP-PR.1/3p ___ tree cut-NP-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`First we clear (the undergrowth for) taro garden. When we have cleared it we cut the trees.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, aspect marking normally stays the same in both the verbs, but it is also possible to have aspect marking on the medial verb, although the finite verb is without any aspect marking \REF{ex:8:x1516}, \REF{ex:8:x1517}. When new information is added to the verb either by derivation or aspect marking, it is less clear if this still is a true case of tail-head linkage.
A: word: nop-ap-pu-ap	 gloss: clear-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
B: word: wu-ap-pu-ami	 gloss: put-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
C: word: ikemika	 gloss: wound
D: word: war-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: cut-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A