cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ naareke koora ku-am-ika-i-ya?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ who.CF house build-SS.SIM-be-Np-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who is building a house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any argument or peripheral in a clause can be questioned, as well as its constituents \REF{ex:7:x1167}--\REF{ex:7:x1174}.
A: word: aruf-eya	 gloss: hit-2/3s.DS
B: word: mu'a	 gloss: man
C: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
D: word: mua	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (Mua) ___ koora ku-am-ika-i-ya?
Gloss (with missing item): (man) ___ house build-SS.SIM-be-Np-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who is building a house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any argument or peripheral in a clause can be questioned, as well as its constituents \REF{ex:7:x1167}--\REF{ex:7:x1174}.
A: word: naareke''	 gloss: who.CF
B: word: naareke	 gloss: who.CF
C: word: ama	 gloss: sun
D: word: naare=ke	 gloss: who=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi ___ mua=ke uf-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM ___ man=CF dance-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `The men of which village danced?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any argument or peripheral in a clause can be questioned, as well as its constituents \REF{ex:7:x1167}--\REF{ex:7:x1174}.
A: word: owow	 gloss: village
B: word: kaakew	 gloss: which.village
C: word: uruf-a-man=i	 gloss: see-PA-2p=QM
D: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ naareke koora ku-am-ika-i-ya?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ who.CF house build-SS.SIM-be-Np-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who is building a house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The kind of ambiguity between a subject and an object that Usan has, which arises from the fronting of a topicalized element\footnote{A \textsc{theme} in my terminology here.} \citep[294]{Reesink1987}, is not possible in Mauwake. This is because the question words take the contrastive focus marker \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} when functioning as a subject. Because of elision, and the merging of the contrastive focus marker with the question word, the word for `who' in Mauwake actually has a contrasted/nominative \REF{ex:7:x1167}, \REF{ex:7:x1171} and an accusative form \REF{ex:7:x1170}. The object is fronted in \REF{ex:7:x1171} as a theme; in \REF{ex:7:x1172} the object is not fronted.
A: word: mu'a	 gloss: man
B: word: na-i-n=i	 gloss: say-Np-PR.2s=QM
C: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
D: word: mua	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (Mua) ___ koora ku-am-ika-i-ya?
Gloss (with missing item): (man) ___ house build-SS.SIM-be-Np-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who is building a house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The kind of ambiguity between a subject and an object that Usan has, which arises from the fronting of a topicalized element\footnote{A \textsc{theme} in my terminology here.} \citep[294]{Reesink1987}, is not possible in Mauwake. This is because the question words take the contrastive focus marker \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} when functioning as a subject. Because of elision, and the merging of the contrastive focus marker with the question word, the word for `who' in Mauwake actually has a contrasted/nominative \REF{ex:7:x1167}, \REF{ex:7:x1171} and an accusative form \REF{ex:7:x1170}. The object is fronted in \REF{ex:7:x1171} as a theme; in \REF{ex:7:x1172} the object is not fronted.
A: word: naareke	 gloss: who.CF
B: word: wu-a-man=i	 gloss: put-PA-2p=QM
C: word: naare=ke	 gloss: who=CF
D: word: naareke''	 gloss: who.CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ naareke\textsubscript{S} mua nain\textsubscript{O} aruf-a-k?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ who.CF man that1 hit-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who hit that man?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The kind of ambiguity between a subject and an object that Usan has, which arises from the fronting of a topicalized element\footnote{A \textsc{theme} in my terminology here.} \citep[294]{Reesink1987}, is not possible in Mauwake. This is because the question words take the contrastive focus marker \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} when functioning as a subject. Because of elision, and the merging of the contrastive focus marker with the question word, the word for `who' in Mauwake actually has a contrasted/nominative \REF{ex:7:x1167}, \REF{ex:7:x1171} and an accusative form \REF{ex:7:x1170}. The object is fronted in \REF{ex:7:x1171} as a theme; in \REF{ex:7:x1172} the object is not fronted.
A: word: mu'a	 gloss: man
B: word: mua	 gloss: man
C: word: ma-eya	 gloss: tell-2/3s.DS
D: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ naareke wia aruf-eya baurar-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ who.CF 3p.ACC hit-2/3s.DS run.away-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who hit them (so that) they ran away?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is most common to have the question in a main clause, but medial clauses also easily allow non-polar questions. The scope of the question word only extends to the clause which contains it. In \REF{ex:7:x1168} the fact that the people ran away is not questioned.
A: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
B: word: mua	 gloss: man
C: word: weetak	 gloss: no
D: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua ___ wia aruf-eya baurar-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): man ___ 3p.ACC hit-2/3s.DS run.away-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who hit them (so that) they ran away?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is most common to have the question in a main clause, but medial clauses also easily allow non-polar questions. The scope of the question word only extends to the clause which contains it. In \REF{ex:7:x1168} the fact that the people ran away is not questioned.
A: word: naareke	 gloss: who.CF
B: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
C: word: naareke''	 gloss: who.CF
D: word: naare=ke	 gloss: who=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua naareke ___ aruf-eya baurar-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): man who.CF ___ hit-2/3s.DS run.away-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who hit them (so that) they ran away?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is most common to have the question in a main clause, but medial clauses also easily allow non-polar questions. The scope of the question word only extends to the clause which contains it. In \REF{ex:7:x1168} the fact that the people ran away is not questioned.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
C: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
D: word: p-ekap-eya	 gloss: BPX-come-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua naareke wia ___ baurar-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): man who.CF 3p.ACC ___ run.away-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who hit them (so that) they ran away?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is most common to have the question in a main clause, but medial clauses also easily allow non-polar questions. The scope of the question word only extends to the clause which contains it. In \REF{ex:7:x1168} the fact that the people ran away is not questioned.
A: word: kamenap	 gloss: what.like
B: word: aruf-irapar-emi	 gloss: hit-to.and.fro-SS.SIM
C: word: mik-iwkin	 gloss: hit-2/3p.DS
D: word: aruf-eya	 gloss: hit-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kamin ikiw-owa ma-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ how.much go-NMZ say-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `At what time did they say to go?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A constituent in a complement clause (with a nominalized verb) can be questioned \REF{ex:7:x1175}, but not in a relative clause \REF{ex:7:x1176}.
A: word: ama	 gloss: sun/time
B: word: samapora	 gloss: clan
C: word: pun	 gloss: also
D: word: naareke	 gloss: who.CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ama ___ ikiw-owa ma-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): sun/time ___ go-NMZ say-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `At what time did they say to go?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A constituent in a complement clause (with a nominalized verb) can be questioned \REF{ex:7:x1175}, but not in a relative clause \REF{ex:7:x1176}.
A: word: kamin=pa	 gloss: how.much=LOC
B: word: eliwa=ki	 gloss: good=CF.QM
C: word: kamin	 gloss: how.much
D: word: iikamin	 gloss: when
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ama kamin ___ ma-e-mik?
Gloss (with missing item): sun/time how.much ___ say-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `At what time did they say to go?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A constituent in a complement clause (with a nominalized verb) can be questioned \REF{ex:7:x1175}, but not in a relative clause \REF{ex:7:x1176}.
A: word: aakun-emi	 gloss: speak-SS.SIM
B: word: ikiw-ep	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
C: word: ikiw-owa	 gloss: go-NMZ
D: word: ikiw-owa=ke	 gloss: go-NMZ=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria ___ ama kamin=pa ekap-o-k?
Gloss (with missing item): woman ___ sun/time how.much=LOC come-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who (woman) came at what time?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple constituents in the same clause can be questioned with a question word. This is not common, but the following elicited sentences are considered completely natural \REF{ex:7:x1177}, \REF{ex:7:x1178}.
A: word: ikiw-i-nan=i	 gloss: go-Np-FU.2s=QM
B: word: naareke	 gloss: who.CF
C: word: naare=ke	 gloss: who=CF
D: word: naareke''	 gloss: who.CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria naareke ama ___ ekap-o-k?
Gloss (with missing item): woman who.CF sun/time ___ come-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Who (woman) came at what time?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple constituents in the same clause can be questioned with a question word. This is not common, but the following elicited sentences are considered completely natural \REF{ex:7:x1177}, \REF{ex:7:x1178}.
A: word: unowa=pa	 gloss: many=LOC
B: word: kamenion	 gloss: or.what
C: word: iikamin	 gloss: when
D: word: kamin=pa	 gloss: how.much=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua ___ emeria kain aaw-o-k?
Gloss (with missing item): man ___ woman which take-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Which man took/married which woman?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple constituents in the same clause can be questioned with a question word. This is not common, but the following elicited sentences are considered completely natural \REF{ex:7:x1177}, \REF{ex:7:x1178}.
A: word: kain=ke	 gloss: which=CF
B: word: mauwa=ke	 gloss: what=CF
C: word: weetak	 gloss: no
D: word: nain=ke	 gloss: that=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua kain=ke emeria ___ aaw-o-k?
Gloss (with missing item): man which=CF woman ___ take-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Which man took/married which woman?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple constituents in the same clause can be questioned with a question word. This is not common, but the following elicited sentences are considered completely natural \REF{ex:7:x1177}, \REF{ex:7:x1178}.
A: word: kain	 gloss: which
B: word: kainantu	 gloss: Kainantu
C: word: aruf-eya	 gloss: hit-2/3s.DS
D: word: mauwa	 gloss: what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Auwa efa amukar-e-k nain yo ___ ar-i-nen=i?
Gloss (with missing item): father 1s.ACC scold-PA-3s that 1s.UNM ___ become-Np-FU.1s=QM
The English translation of this sentence is: `(I wonder) what will happen to me because father scolded me?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When there is a lot of hesitation in the question, the question clitic -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{i}, which normally marks a polar question, is added to the end of the question \REF{ex:7:x1187}. This is the same form that the echo questions have (\sectref{sec:7.2.3}).
A: word: eema=ke	 gloss: Eema=CF
B: word: na-i-n=i	 gloss: say-Np-PR.2s=QM
C: word: kamenap	 gloss: how
D: word: kamenion	 gloss: or.what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Auwa efa amukar-e-k nain yo kamenap ___
Gloss (with missing item): father 1s.ACC scold-PA-3s that 1s.UNM how ___
The English translation of this sentence is: `(I wonder) what will happen to me because father scolded me?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When there is a lot of hesitation in the question, the question clitic -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{i}, which normally marks a polar question, is added to the end of the question \REF{ex:7:x1187}. This is the same form that the echo questions have (\sectref{sec:7.2.3}).
A: word: ifakim-i-nen=i	 gloss: kill-NP-FU.1s=QM
B: word: ar-i-nen=i	 gloss: become-Np-FU.1s=QM
C: word: beel(a)-al-i-non=i	 gloss: rotten-INCH-Np-FU.3s=QM
D: word: ika-i-nen=i	 gloss: be-Np-FU.1s=QM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ni nain me=ko ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2p.UNM that1 not=NF ___
The English translation of this sentence is: `Didn't you see that?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polar questions , also called nexus questions, or yes-no questions, expect either confirmation or negation of the questioned proposition. According to \citet[63]{Wurm1982}, a polar question in \textstyleAcronymallcaps{tng} languages is often marked by an affix which is part of the verb complex. In Mauwake it is coded by the question clitic -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{i} (\sectref{sec:3.12.8}) and slightly rising intonation (\sectref{sec:2.1.3.2}), both occurring sentence-finally. Because Mauwake is an \textstyleAcronymallcaps{sov} language, the clitic most often attaches itself to a verb \REF{ex:7:x1179}, but it can attach to another word class as well, when there is no final verb \REF{ex:7:x1180}, \REF{ex:7:x1181}:
A: word: uruf-a-man=i	 gloss: see-PA-2p=QM
B: word: naap=i	 gloss: thus=QM
C: word: uruf-a-m	 gloss: see-PA-1s
D: word: ekap-e-man=i	 gloss: come-PA-2p=QM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A