cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ne ___ Numbia=pa nan urup-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ADD ___ Numbia=LOC there ascend-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `And they came and landed at Numbia.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the prototypical deictic centre is close proximity to the speaker, it may be extended to quite a large area. In \REF{ex:6:x1892} where the coming of the Japanese troops is described, it covers the whole North Coast of the New Guinea island:
A: word: ekap-ep	 gloss: come-SS.SEQ
B: word: 'me	 gloss: not
C: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
D: word: ekap-e-mik	 gloss: come-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Unan ___ aakisa aakun-i-mik ne uurika nainiw aakun-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday ___ now/today talk-Np-PR.1/3p ADD tomorrow again talk-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yesterday we talked, now/today we talk and tomorrow we'll talk again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Temporal deixis relates time to the speech act, or alternatively to the time of a specific event. Tense marking (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.4}) is the most important device for this in Mauwake, as tense is an obligatory category in verbs.\footnote{In some Papuan languages tense markers and demonstratives are morphologically related (Cindi Farr, p.c.), but this is not the case in Mauwake.} The present tense marks the default deictic centre, the past tense refers to the time before that point, and the future tense to the time after it. The example (3.\ref{ex:3:x1029})
A: word: en-e-mik	 gloss: eat-PA-1/3p
B: word: aakun-e-mik	 gloss: talk-PA-1/3p
C: word: ma-e-mik	 gloss: say-PA-1/3p
D: word: onaiya	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Unan aakun-e-mik, aakisa ___ ne uurika nainiw aakun-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday talk-PA-1/3p now/today ___ ADD tomorrow again talk-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yesterday we talked, now/today we talk and tomorrow we'll talk again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Temporal deixis relates time to the speech act, or alternatively to the time of a specific event. Tense marking (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.4}) is the most important device for this in Mauwake, as tense is an obligatory category in verbs.\footnote{In some Papuan languages tense markers and demonstratives are morphologically related (Cindi Farr, p.c.), but this is not the case in Mauwake.} The present tense marks the default deictic centre, the past tense refers to the time before that point, and the future tense to the time after it. The example (3.\ref{ex:3:x1029})
A: word: aakun-i-mik	 gloss: talk-Np-PR.1/3p
B: word: nomak-e-k	 gloss: win-PA-3s
C: word: aakun-i-yan	 gloss: discuss-Np-FU.1p
D: word: ma-i-mik	 gloss: say-NP-PR.1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Unan ___ aakisa aakun-i-mik ne uurika nainiw aakun-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday ___ now/today talk-Np-PR.1/3p ADD tomorrow again talk-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Yesterday we talked, now/today we talk and tomorrow we'll talk again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: is repeated here as \REF{ex:6:x1893}:
A: word: ma-e-mik	 gloss: say-PA-1/3p
B: word: en-e-mik	 gloss: eat-PA-1/3p
C: word: aakun-e-mik	 gloss: talk-PA-1/3p
D: word: oko	 gloss: other
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Unan aakun-e-mik, aakisa ___ ne uurika nainiw aakun-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday talk-PA-1/3p now/today ___ ADD tomorrow again talk-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Yesterday we talked, now/today we talk and tomorrow we'll talk again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: is repeated here as \REF{ex:6:x1893}:
A: word: aakun-i-mik	 gloss: talk-Np-PR.1/3p
B: word: aakun-i-yan	 gloss: discuss-Np-FU.1p
C: word: efa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
D: word: ma-i-mik	 gloss: say-NP-PR.1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik, ___ kui-kuisow wia maak-iwkin.
Gloss (with missing item): cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p ___ RDP-one 3p.ACC tell-2/3p.DS
The English translation of this sentence is: `They\textsubscript{1} pulled carts for them\textsubscript{2}, after they\textsubscript{2} had told the men\textsubscript{1} one by one.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan languages in general favour presenting a narrative in strictly chronological order, so a relative tense, where the deictic centre is shifted either to the past or to the future, is not utilized widely. This is true of Mauwake as well. When a shift to the past is needed, it can be done by right-dislocating a medial clause after a past-tense marked final clause \REF{ex:6:x1268}:
A: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
B: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
C: word: mua	 gloss: man
D: word: akena	 gloss: very
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik, mua ___ wia maak-iwkin.
Gloss (with missing item): cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p man ___ 3p.ACC tell-2/3p.DS
The English translation of this sentence is: `They\textsubscript{1} pulled carts for them\textsubscript{2}, after they\textsubscript{2} had told the men\textsubscript{1} one by one.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan languages in general favour presenting a narrative in strictly chronological order, so a relative tense, where the deictic centre is shifted either to the past or to the future, is not utilized widely. This is true of Mauwake as well. When a shift to the past is needed, it can be done by right-dislocating a medial clause after a past-tense marked final clause \REF{ex:6:x1268}:
A: word: kui-kuisow	 gloss: RDP-one
B: word: ere-erup	 gloss: RDP-two
C: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
D: word: kuisow	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik, mua kui-kuisow ___ maak-iwkin.
Gloss (with missing item): cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p man RDP-one ___ tell-2/3p.DS
The English translation of this sentence is: `They\textsubscript{1} pulled carts for them\textsubscript{2}, after they\textsubscript{2} had told the men\textsubscript{1} one by one.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan languages in general favour presenting a narrative in strictly chronological order, so a relative tense, where the deictic centre is shifted either to the past or to the future, is not utilized widely. This is true of Mauwake as well. When a shift to the past is needed, it can be done by right-dislocating a medial clause after a past-tense marked final clause \REF{ex:6:x1268}:
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
C: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
D: word: 'unow=iya	 gloss: many=COM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap on-am-ik-e-mik, ___ aakisa.
Gloss (with missing item): thus do-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p ___ now
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have been doing like that (all the time) up until now.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same-subject sequential forms of the directional verbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ekap}- `come' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikiw}- `go' also have temporal deictic use, the former referring to time extending to the present moment, the latter mainly to time from the present moment onward. The examples (3.\ref{ex:3:x290}) and (3.\ref{ex:3:x437})
A: word: amis-ar-ep	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-SS.SEQ
B: word: ekap-e-mik	 gloss: come-PA-1/3p
C: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
D: word: ekap-ep	 gloss: come-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No naap ik-ok ___ mokoma enuma iiwawun aakun-i-nan.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM thus be-SS ___ year new altogether talk-Np-FU.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`You will be like that (long time) but next year you will talk.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same-subject sequential forms of the directional verbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ekap}- `come' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikiw}- `go' also have temporal deictic use, the former referring to time extending to the present moment, the latter mainly to time from the present moment onward. The examples (3.\ref{ex:3:x290}) and (3.\ref{ex:3:x437})
A: word: ife-iki(w-e)p	 gloss: rub-go-SS.SEQ
B: word: iki(w-e)p	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
C: word: eliwa	 gloss: good
D: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap on-am-ik-e-mik, ___ aakisa.
Gloss (with missing item): thus do-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p ___ now
The English translation of this sentence is: `We have been doing like that (all the time) up until now.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: are repeated below as \REF{ex:6:x1941} and \REF{ex:6:x1942}.
A: word: perek-owa	 gloss: pull.out-NMZ
B: word: ekap-e-mik	 gloss: come-PA-1/3p
C: word: ekap-ep	 gloss: come-SS.SEQ
D: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 123:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No naap ik-ok ___ mokoma enuma iiwawun aakun-i-nan.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM thus be-SS ___ year new altogether talk-Np-FU.2s
The English translation of this sentence is: `You will be like that (long time) but next year you will talk.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: are repeated below as \REF{ex:6:x1941} and \REF{ex:6:x1942}.
A: word: feenap	 gloss: like.this
B: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
C: word: iki(w-e)p	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
D: word: ife-iki(w-e)p	 gloss: rub-go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 124:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {\dots}i ___ ora-i-yan, ifera un-owa ora-i-yan.
Gloss (with missing item): ...1p.UNM ___ descend-Np-FU.1p sea(water) fetch-NMZ descend-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is: `{\dots}we will go down tomorrow, we will go down to fetch sea water.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two groups of deictic temporal adverbs (\sectref{sec:3.9.1.2}) behave differently as to what the deictic centre is. The specific temporal adverbs, which refer to a certain day in relation to the utterance, always take the time of the speech act as their deictic centre \REF{ex:6:x1889}.
A: word: uurika	 gloss: tomorrow
B: word: unan	 gloss: Yesterday
C: word: sesenar-owa	 gloss: buy-NMZ
D: word: uurik	 gloss: tomorrow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 125:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nain or-op ``buu'' (na-e-k), ___ eka saanar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): that1 fall-SS.SEQ buu say-PA-3s ___ water dry-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `It fell with a thud (and they knew that) now the water had dried up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But their time reference may also be relative, with the time of the event taken as the deictic centre. This is especially true of \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___', which is used for perspectivization.\footnote{The ``\textsc{was-its gloss ___} paradox'' occurs in ``free indirect style'' when ``[t]he deictic centre of the utterance is the writer/narrator, but certain deictic elements are relativized to give the impression of direct access to the character's mental states: these include temporal and spatial expressions such as its gloss ___, here, today {\dots} but not tense or person.'' \citep{MushinEtAl2000}.} In the following two examples, the temporal adverbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___ fan} `just its gloss ___', do not refer externally to the time close to the speech event; instead, they are text-internal perspectivization devices to highlight the importance of the event to the main characters in the text. \REF{ex:6:x475} is from an old traditional story and \REF{ex:6:x1891} tells about events that took place over four decades before the recording.
A: word: aakisa=ko	 gloss: now=NF
B: word: aakisa	 gloss: now
C: word: fan	 gloss: here
D: word: iiwawun	 gloss: altogether
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 126:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ekap-ep, ekap-ep, ___ fan unowa Wewak=pa nan urup-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): come-SS.SEQ come-SS.SEQ ___ here many Wewak=LOC there ascend-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `They came and came, and just now many came up there in Wewak.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But their time reference may also be relative, with the time of the event taken as the deictic centre. This is especially true of \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___', which is used for perspectivization.\footnote{The ``\textsc{was-its gloss ___} paradox'' occurs in ``free indirect style'' when ``[t]he deictic centre of the utterance is the writer/narrator, but certain deictic elements are relativized to give the impression of direct access to the character's mental states: these include temporal and spatial expressions such as its gloss ___, here, today {\dots} but not tense or person.'' \citep{MushinEtAl2000}.} In the following two examples, the temporal adverbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___ fan} `just its gloss ___', do not refer externally to the time close to the speech event; instead, they are text-internal perspectivization devices to highlight the importance of the event to the main characters in the text. \REF{ex:6:x475} is from an old traditional story and \REF{ex:6:x1891} tells about events that took place over four decades before the recording.
A: word: aakisa=ko	 gloss: now=NF
B: word: umuk-owa	 gloss: extinguish-NMZ
C: word: aakisa	 gloss: now
D: word: fan	 gloss: here
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 127:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ekap-ep, ekap-ep, aakisa ___ unowa Wewak=pa nan urup-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): come-SS.SEQ come-SS.SEQ now ___ many Wewak=LOC there ascend-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `They came and came, and just now many came up there in Wewak.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But their time reference may also be relative, with the time of the event taken as the deictic centre. This is especially true of \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aakisa} `now', which is used for perspectivization.\footnote{The ``\textsc{was-now} paradox'' occurs in ``free indirect style'' when ``[t]he deictic centre of the utterance is the writer/narrator, but certain deictic elements are relativized to give the impression of direct access to the character's mental states: these include temporal and spatial expressions such as now, its gloss ___, today {\dots} but not tense or person.'' \citep{MushinEtAl2000}.} In the following two examples, the temporal adverbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aakisa} `now' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aakisa the morpheme ___} `just now', do not refer externally to the time close to the speech event; instead, they are text-internal perspectivization devices to highlight the importance of the event to the main characters in the text. \REF{ex:6:x475} is from an old traditional story and \REF{ex:6:x1891} tells about events that took place over four decades before the recording.
A: word: nan	 gloss: there
B: word: baliwep	 gloss: well
C: word: fan-e-k	 gloss: here-PA-3s
D: word: fan	 gloss: here
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 128:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ erup nainiw wu-owa epa ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ two again put-NMZ place be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `There is a place for putting two more engines.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Numerals (\sectref{sec:3.4.1}) are used when the exact number is relevant \REF{ex:6:x1286}, \REF{ex:6:x1308}, non-numeral quantifiers (\sectref{sec:3.4.2}) are used elsewhere \REF{ex:6:x1287}.
A: word: masin	 gloss: engine
B: word: marasin	 gloss: medicine
C: word: ikiw-owa=ke	 gloss: go-NMZ=CF
D: word: kateres=iya	 gloss: cartridge=COM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A