cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wiipa nain\textsubscript{O1} ___ iinan=pa\textsubscript{AdvP} epia\textsubscript{O2} ururum-om-ap{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): daughter that ___ top=LOC fire light-BEN-BNFY2.SS.SEQ
The English translation of this sentence is: `They lighted a fire for the daughter on top of the floor, and ...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The normal position of the peripherals is between the subject and the object \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, if any \REF{ex:5:x895}, or between the first and second object \REF{ex:5:x913}.
A: word: perek-owa	 gloss: pull.out-NMZ
B: word: samapora	 gloss: floor
C: word: mas=pa	 gloss: March=LOC
D: word: maapora	 gloss: celebration
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I ___ owowa ewur me ekap-em-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM ___ village quickly not come-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `In the daytime we didn't come quickly to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: amirk=iw	 gloss: day=INST
B: word: amirika=ke	 gloss: noon=CF
C: word: koora	 gloss: house
D: word: amirika	 gloss: day
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I amirika ___ ewur me ekap-em-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM day ___ quickly not come-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `In the daytime we didn't come quickly to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: owowa	 gloss: village
B: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
C: word: kaakew	 gloss: which.village
D: word: owowa=pa=ko	 gloss: village=LOC=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I amirika owowa ___ me ekap-em-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM day village ___ not come-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `In the daytime we didn't come quickly to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: maala	 gloss: long
B: word: sawur	 gloss: spirit
C: word: ewur	 gloss: quickly
D: word: oram	 gloss: just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I ___ owowa ewur me ekap-em-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM ___ village quickly not come-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `In the daytime we didn't come quickly to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: amirika	 gloss: day
B: word: amirika=ke	 gloss: noon=CF
C: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
D: word: amirk=iw	 gloss: day=INST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I amirika ___ ewur me ekap-em-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM day ___ quickly not come-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `In the daytime we didn't come quickly to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: kaakew	 gloss: which.village
B: word: nan-e-k	 gloss: there-PA-3s
C: word: owowa=pa=ko	 gloss: village=LOC=NF
D: word: owowa	 gloss: village
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I amirika owowa ___ me ekap-em-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM day village ___ not come-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `In the daytime we didn't come quickly to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: maala	 gloss: long
B: word: ewur	 gloss: quickly
C: word: owowa	 gloss: village
D: word: sawur	 gloss: spirit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Niena ___ oram neeke ika-i-non.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s/p.mother ___ for.nothing there.CF be-Np-FU.3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Your mother will later just be there (without you).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: mokoka	 gloss: eye
B: word: feeke	 gloss: here.CF
C: word: iiriw	 gloss: earlier
D: word: ikoka	 gloss: later
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Niena ikoka ___ neeke ika-i-non.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s/p.mother later ___ there.CF be-Np-FU.3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Your mother will later just be there (without you).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: oram	 gloss: for.nothing
B: word: moram	 gloss: why
C: word: p-ikiw-i-yan''	 gloss: BPX-go-Np-FU.1p
D: word: onaiya	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Niena ikoka oram ___ ika-i-non.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s/p.mother later for.nothing ___ be-Np-FU.3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Your mother will later just be there (without you).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there are more adverbial phrases than one, a temporal phrase normally precedes any others \REF{ex:5:x915}. The relative order of the other adverbial phrases is syntactically quite free and depends on their relative topicality \REF{ex:5:x915}, \REF{ex:5:x918}.
A: word: nain/nan/neeke	 gloss: that1/there/there.CF
B: word: feeke	 gloss: here.CF
C: word: neeke	 gloss: there.CF
D: word: nan	 gloss: there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I ___ wia amukar-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM ___ 3.ACC scold-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `We didn't scold them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both transitive \REF{ex:5:x981} and intransitive clauses \REF{ex:5:x1057} are negated with the verbal negator \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___' placed imthe morpheme ___diately before the verb phrase.\footits gloss ___e{For the placethe morpheme ___nt of the morpheme ___ as a constituent negator, see \sectref{sec:6.2.2}.}
A: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
B: word: (me	 gloss: (not
C: word: makena	 gloss: truly
D: word: me	 gloss: not
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nain yo ___ baurar-em-ik-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): but 1s.UNM ___ run.away-SS.SIM-be-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is: `But I didn't keep running away.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both transitive \REF{ex:5:x981} and intransitive clauses \REF{ex:5:x1057} are negated with the verbal negator \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___' placed imthe morpheme ___diately before the verb phrase.\footits gloss ___e{For the placethe morpheme ___nt of the morpheme ___ as a constituent negator, see \sectref{sec:6.2.2}.}
A: word: me	 gloss: not
B: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
C: word: yiam	 gloss: 1p.REFL
D: word: (me	 gloss: (not
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ gelemuta\textsubscript{O1} wiam erup fain wia\textsubscript{O2} wu-om-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ little 3p.REFL two this 3p.ACC put-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is: `A bit of the meat I put (aside) for these two.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As was mentioned above, pragmatic factors influence the constituent order. A constituent that is fronted as a theme to the beginning of the clause is still part of the constituent structure of the clause \REF{ex:5:x930} (for theme, see \sectref{sec:9.1}).\footnote{In Amele the pre-verbal position is a focus position \citep[142]{Roberts1987}, but in Mauwake this does not seem to be the case. Focus is indicated by a heavier stress and sometimes by focus markers.}
A: word: oposia	 gloss: meat
B: word: oposia=i	 gloss: meat=QM
C: word: sureka=pa	 gloss: harvesting.stick=LOC
D: word: ekap-owa	 gloss: come-NMZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ fa}, opora unowa akena.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ INTJ talk much very
The English translation of this sentence is: `The war, now - there is much to talk about.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A left-dislocated theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}) and an afterthought are outside the clause proper. A left-dislocated theme \REF{ex:5:x935} is separated from the clause by a short pause and a comma intonation, slightly rising pitch at the end of the utterance. An afterthought \REF{ex:5:x929}, right-dislocated, is also separated from the rest of the clause by a short pause.
A: word: kookal-owa=pa	 gloss: like-NMZ=LOC
B: word: ma-e-n=i	 gloss: say-PA-2s=QM
C: word: irak-owa	 gloss: fight-NMZ
D: word: irak-owa=ke	 gloss: fight-NMZ=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Inasin opaimika eliwa me yia maak-e-mik, ___ Yaapan=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): spirit talk good not 1p.ACC tell-PA-1/3p ___ Japan=CF
The English translation of this sentence is: `They didn't speak good Pidgin to us, the Japanese (didn't).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A left-dislocated theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}) and an afterthought are outside the clause proper. A left-dislocated theme \REF{ex:5:x935} is separated from the clause by a short pause and a comma intonation, slightly rising pitch at the end of the utterance. An afterthought \REF{ex:5:x929}, right-dislocated, is also separated from the rest of the clause by a short pause.
A: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
B: word: makena	 gloss: truly
C: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
D: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Tirinde uura ___ nainiw yiam fiirim-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): Wednesday evening ___ again 1p.REFL gather-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `On Wednesday evening we gathered again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject governs reflexthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___zatthe morpheme ___on. A noun phrase the morpheme ___tself the morpheme ___s marked as subject only when the subject \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} the morpheme ___s a pronoun: then the morpheme ___t has to be unmarked \REF{ex:5:x920} (\sectref{sec:3.5.2.1}) or the morpheme ___n the genthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___ve case (\sectref{sec:3.5.4}).
A: word: i	 gloss: 1p.UNM
B: word: yiena	 gloss: 1p.GEN
C: word: akim-ap	 gloss: try-SS.SEQ
D: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Tirinde uura i nainiw ___ fiirim-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): Wednesday evening 1p.UNM again ___ gather-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `On Wednesday evening we gathered again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject governs reflexivization. A noun phrase itself is marked as subject only when the subject \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} is a pronoun: then it has to be unmarked \REF{ex:5:x920} (\sectref{sec:3.5.2.1}) or in the genitive case (\sectref{sec:3.5.4}).
A: word: yiam	 gloss: 1p.REFL
B: word: yiam=iya	 gloss: 1p.REFL=COM
C: word: niam	 gloss: 2p.REFL
D: word: mua	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {\dots}imen-ap ___ o miim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): find-SS.SEQ ___ 3s.UNM precede-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `{\dots}when they found him and told him, he went ahead.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The switch-reference system (\sectref{sec:8.2.3}) basically tracks the subject \REF{ex:5:x921}.\footnote{Roberts maintains that in Amele and most other Papuan languages the switch reference system tracks the thematic notion of topic across clauses (\citeyear[105]{Roberts1988b}, \citeyear{Roberts1997}). But his definition of topic (\citeyear[16]{Roberts1988b}) is such that in Mauwake it practically excludes all other clause constituents except the subject.}
A: word: maak-eya	 gloss: tell-2/3s.DS
B: word: maak-iwkin	 gloss: tell-2/3p.DS
C: word: maak-iwkin=na	 gloss: tell-2/3p.DS=TP
D: word: yia	 gloss: 1s.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi Australia ___ wia asip-iwkin irak-owa nomak-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM Australia ___ 3p.ACC help-2/3p.DS fight-NMZ win-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Australians were helped by Americans and won the war.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:5:x922}, the object/topic/theme of the first clause is the Australians; in the second clause they become the subject.
A: word: opor(a)	 gloss: talk
B: word: amerika	 gloss: America
C: word: naareke''	 gloss: who.CF
D: word: amerika=ke	 gloss: America=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi Australia Amerika=ke wia ___ irak-owa nomak-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM Australia America=CF 3p.ACC ___ fight-NMZ win-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Australians were helped by Americans and won the war.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:5:x922}, the object/topic/theme of the first clause is the Australians; in the second clause they become the subject.
A: word: ekap-iwkin	 gloss: come-2/3p.DS
B: word: aaw-iwkin	 gloss: get-2/3p.DS
C: word: owow	 gloss: village
D: word: asip-iwkin	 gloss: help-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D