cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): O wiar ___ sesek-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.UNM 3.DAT ___ send-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is: `I am sending you to him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even if having more than one \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} in non-subject argument or peripheral positions in the same clause is not preferred, it is still reasonably common. But having more than one pronoun as arguments or peripherals is unusual. In the rare case that that does happen, the accusative pronoun occupies the position closest to the verb \REF{ex:5:x1574}, \REF{ex:5:x1577}, next the dative pronoun \REF{ex:5:x1575}, then the others. The first two of the following three examples have been elicited.
A: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
B: word: yia	 gloss: 1s.ACC
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: ookowa	 gloss: follow-NMZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria ikoka Yaapan ___ niar aaw-i-kuan
Gloss (with missing item): woman later Japan ___ 2p.DAT take-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Later the Japanese will take your wives as their own.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even if having more than one \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} in non-subject argument or peripheral positions in the same clause is not preferred, it is still reasonably common. But having more than one pronoun as arguments or peripherals is unusual. In the rare case that that does happen, the accusative pronoun occupies the position closest to the verb \REF{ex:5:x1574}, \REF{ex:5:x1577}, next the dative pronoun \REF{ex:5:x1575}, then the others. The first two of the following three examples have been elicited.
A: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
B: word: ikoka	 gloss: later
C: word: wienak-e-k	 gloss: feed.them-PA-3s
D: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Emeria ikoka Yaapan wiena ___ aaw-i-kuan
Gloss (with missing item): woman later Japan 3p.GEN ___ take-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `Later the Japanese will take your wives as their own.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even if having more than one \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} in non-subject argument or peripheral positions in the same clause is not preferred, it is still reasonably common. But having more than one pronoun as arguments or peripherals is unusual. In the rare case that that does happen, the accusative pronoun occupies the position closest to the verb \REF{ex:5:x1574}, \REF{ex:5:x1577}, next the dative pronoun \REF{ex:5:x1575}, then the others. The first two of the following three examples have been elicited.
A: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
B: word: niar	 gloss: 2p.DAT
C: word: niarik	 gloss: 2p.DAT
D: word: ona	 gloss: 3s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kokom-ar-eya in-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ dark-INCH-2/3s.DS sleep-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `It became dark and we slept.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Many climate expressions \REF{ex:5:x1020}--\REF{ex:5:x1021} are normal intransitive clauses.
A: word: suuw-owa	 gloss: push-NMZ
B: word: (epa/kame)	 gloss: place/side
C: word: nepa	 gloss: bird
D: word: epa	 gloss: place
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Epa ___ in-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): place ___ sleep-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `It became dark and we slept.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Many climate expressions \REF{ex:5:x1020}--\REF{ex:5:x1021} are normal intransitive clauses.
A: word: samor-ar-eya	 gloss: bad-INCH-2/3s.DS
B: word: on-owa	 gloss: make-NMZ
C: word: kokom-ar-eya	 gloss: dark-INCH-2/3s.DS
D: word: ikiw-i-non=i	 gloss: go-Np-FU.3p=QM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Arim-emi ___ ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): grow-SS.SIM ___ become-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `She grew and became a woman.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The resultative verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.4.4}) require a nominal argument, i.e., a noun \REF{ex:5:x966} or an adjective \REF{ex:5:x963}, expressing the result of change:
A: word: emeria=ko	 gloss: woman=NF
B: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
C: word: wiipa	 gloss: daughter
D: word: emeria=ke	 gloss: woman=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua eneka, woosa ___ kir-em-ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): man tooth head ___ turn-SS.SIM-be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `The people's teeth and skulls were turning white.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The resultative verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.4.4}) require a nominal argument, i.e., a noun \REF{ex:5:x966} or an adjective \REF{ex:5:x963}, expressing the result of change:
A: word: a''	 gloss: ah
B: word: akia	 gloss: banana
C: word: kia	 gloss: white
D: word: epa	 gloss: place
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ feeke ik-eya nefa aaw-ep enim-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ here.CF be-2/3s.DS 2s.ACC take-SS.SEQ eat-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is: `If there is (any) sugarcane here, we'll take and eat you (the sugarcane).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Existential clauses are not very common in Mauwake. \citet[741]{Givon1990} names these clauses as one of the main devices for introducing a new topic into a discourse, but in Mauwake they are not used very much in that function (\sectref{sec:9.2.1}). Existential clauses use the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' as their predicate, and they often contain a locative phrase \REF{ex:5:x970}, but it is not necessary \REF{ex:5:x971}, \REF{ex:5:x1067}.
A: word: aaya=ko	 gloss: sugarcane=NF
B: word: aaya	 gloss: sugarcane
C: word: waaya=ke	 gloss: pig=CF
D: word: niena	 gloss: 2p.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aaya=ko ___ ik-eya nefa aaw-ep enim-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): sugarcane=NF ___ be-2/3s.DS 2s.ACC take-SS.SEQ eat-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is: `If there is (any) sugarcane here, we'll take and eat you (the sugarcane).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Existential clauses are not very common in Mauwake. \citet[741]{Givon1990} names these clauses as one of the main devices for introducing a new topic into a discourse, but in Mauwake they are not used very much in that function (\sectref{sec:9.2.1}). Existential clauses use the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' as their predicate, and they often contain a locative phrase \REF{ex:5:x970}, but it is not necessary \REF{ex:5:x971}, \REF{ex:5:x1067}.
A: word: ikoka	 gloss: later
B: word: feeke	 gloss: here.CF
C: word: feekiya	 gloss: with
D: word: neeke	 gloss: there.CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aaya=ko feeke ___ nefa aaw-ep enim-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): sugarcane=NF here.CF ___ 2s.ACC take-SS.SEQ eat-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is: `If there is (any) sugarcane here, we'll take and eat you (the sugarcane).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Existential clauses are not very common in Mauwake. \citet[741]{Givon1990} names these clauses as one of the main devices for introducing a new topic into a discourse, but in Mauwake they are not used very much in that function (\sectref{sec:9.2.1}). Existential clauses use the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' as their predicate, and they often contain a locative phrase \REF{ex:5:x970}, but it is not necessary \REF{ex:5:x971}, \REF{ex:5:x1067}.
A: word: ika-iwkin	 gloss: be-2/3p.DS
B: word: uruf-am-ik-eya	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3.DS
C: word: ik-eya	 gloss: be-2/3s.DS
D: word: soma	 gloss: lover
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nomokowa unowa ___ aakisa wia uruf-i-n.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s/p.brother many ___ now 3p.ACC see-Np-PR.2s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Many of your brothers are here, now you see them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A special type of existential clause has one of the two location verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.4.3}) as the predicate. These verbs are only used in the past tense, even with the present tense meaning \REF{ex:5:x1154}, \REF{ex:5:x1155}.
A: word: kia	 gloss: white
B: word: ekap-e-mik	 gloss: come-PA-1/3p
C: word: en-e-mik	 gloss: eat-PA-1/3p
D: word: fan-e-mik	 gloss: here-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No niawi akena ___ no fain me nena niawi akena=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM 2s/p.father real ___ 2s.UNM this not 2s.GEN 2s/p.father real=CF
The English translation of this sentence is: `Your real father is there, this isn't your real father.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A special type of existential clause has one of the two location verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.4.3}) as the predicate. These verbs are only used in the past tense, even with the present tense meaning \REF{ex:5:x1154}, \REF{ex:5:x1155}.
A: word: amis-ar-owa	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-NMZ
B: word: opaimika=ko	 gloss: talk/story=NF
C: word: nan-e-k	 gloss: there-PA-3s
D: word: fan-e-k	 gloss: here-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aaya ___ ikua, ifera wia.
Gloss (with missing item): sugar ___ be-PA.3s salt no
The English translation of this sentence is: `I have sugar, but no(t) salt.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Possessive clauses, or so-called `have' clauses, are formed with a dative pronoun and the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' \REF{ex:5:x595}. This is a grammaticalization from [+human] locative constructions with the semantic function of goal or locative \citep[50--61]{Heine1997}, as was already mentioned in \sectref{sec:3.5.5}.
A: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
B: word: erup	 gloss: two
C: word: mekemkar-ep	 gloss: bend-SS.SEQ
D: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 65:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aaya efar ___ ifera wia.
Gloss (with missing item): sugar 1s.DAT ___ salt no
The English translation of this sentence is: `I have sugar, but no(t) salt.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Possessive clauses, or so-called `have' clauses, are formed with a dative pronoun and the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' \REF{ex:5:x595}. This is a grammaticalization from [+human] locative constructions with the semantic function of goal or locative \citep[50--61]{Heine1997}, as was already mentioned in \sectref{sec:3.5.5}.
A: word: opor(a)	 gloss: talk
B: word: ma-ikuan=na	 gloss: say-FU.3p=TP
C: word: ik-o-n	 gloss: be-PA-2s
D: word: ikua	 gloss: be-PA.3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 66:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Apu maa epira marok maneka=ke ___ ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): Apu food plate prawn big=CF ___ be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Apu has/had big prawns on his food plate.' (Lit: `Apu's food plate\textsubscript{Theme} he has/had big prawns.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessee is the patient-of-state subject, which is shown by the fact that it may take the contrastive focus clitic -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} \REF{ex:5:x1065} and it determines the person inflection on the verb as well \REF{ex:5:x1323}. The possessor is a \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{habitive adverbial}}, like a corresponding construction in Finnish is called \citep[209]{HakulinenEtAl1979}%Karlsson
A: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: wiim-om-owa	 gloss: escort-BEN-NMZ
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 67:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Woos(a) mua ___ ik-e-mik, wis=ke eliw nia kaken-i-kuan.
Gloss (with missing item): head man ___ be-PA-1/3p 3p.FC=CF well 2p.ACC straight-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `We have leaders, they can straighten you out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessee is the patient-of-state subject, which is shown by the fact that it may take the contrastive focus clitic -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} \REF{ex:5:x1065} and it determines the person inflection on the verb as well \REF{ex:5:x1323}. The possessor is a \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{habitive adverbial}}, like a corresponding construction in Finnish is called \citep[209]{HakulinenEtAl1979}%Karlsson
A: word: or-owa	 gloss: descend-NMZ
B: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
C: word: niar	 gloss: 2p.DAT
D: word: yiar-uk	 gloss: shoot.us-IMP.3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 68:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Woos(a) mua yiar ___ wis=ke eliw nia kaken-i-kuan.
Gloss (with missing item): head man 1p.DAT ___ 3p.FC=CF well 2p.ACC straight-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `We have leaders, they can straighten you out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessee is the patient-of-state subject, which is shown by the fact that it may take the contrastive focus clitic -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} \REF{ex:5:x1065} and it determines the person inflection on the verb as well \REF{ex:5:x1323}. The possessor is a \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{habitive adverbial}}, like a corresponding construction in Finnish is called \citep[209]{HakulinenEtAl1979}%Karlsson
A: word: on-am-ik-e-mik	 gloss: make-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
B: word: ik-e-mik	 gloss: be-PA-1/3p
C: word: ma-e-mik	 gloss: say-PA-1/3p
D: word: maak-u	 gloss: tell-IMP.2d
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 69:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ oko\textsubscript{Theme} ona koor miira=pa nan waaya unowa wiar ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ other 3s.GEN house face=LOC there pig many 3.DAT be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `Another man has many pigs there in front of his house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Because the possessee is typically inanimate and often indefinite whereas the possessor is huits gloss ___ and definite, this causes a violation to the universal discourse-pragmatic principle, according to which animate/huits gloss ___ and definite participants tend to precede inanimate and indefinite participants \citep[135]{Heine1997}. In order to follow the principle, Mauwake often makes the possessor a theme by moving the possessor noun phrase to sentence-initial position. Only the dative pronoun keeps its position immediately preceding the verb \REF{ex:5:x972}. If there is no other possessor \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, an unmarked pronoun is used as a theme \REF{ex:5:x973}. In these two sentences, moving part of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} to the theme position causes the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} to be non-contiguous. In the example \REF{ex:5:x595} the possessee subject \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aaya} `sugar' is also the theme, and in \REF{ex:5:x1323} the possessee is animate/huits gloss ___, so in those clauses there is less pressure to make the possessor into the theme.
A: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
B: word: mua	 gloss: man
C: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
D: word: oram	 gloss: just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B