cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 184:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me {\O} aaw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not {\O} take-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They did not take/choose him.' (Or: `He was not taken by them.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \citet[52--53]{Reesink1987} mentithe morpheme ___ns that Usan has the morpheme ___bject prefixes, but a free prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un can alsthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___ccupy the the morpheme ___bject pthe morpheme ___sitithe morpheme ___n in the third persthe morpheme ___n singular. This is nthe morpheme ___t the case in Mauwake; in \REF{ex:3:x1354} the free prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un \textstyleStyleVernacularWthe morpheme ___rdsItalic{the morpheme ___} is a re-activated tthe morpheme ___pic (\sectref{sec:9.2.3}). The negative clause \REF{ex:3:x1353} shthe morpheme ___ws that the pthe morpheme ___sitithe morpheme ___n the morpheme ___f the free prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un is nthe morpheme ___t directly preceding the verb. The clauses \REF{ex:3:x684}, \REF{ex:3:x560} have a similar structure with prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___uns in nthe morpheme ___n-third persthe morpheme ___n marking a theme. When the prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un is frthe morpheme ___nted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}), it is this unmarked prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un that is used in the theme pthe morpheme ___sitithe morpheme ___n.
A: word: owow	 gloss: village
B: word: niarik	 gloss: 2p.DAT
C: word: ariwa	 gloss: arrow
D: word: o	 gloss: 3s.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 185:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me efa aaw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not 1s.ACC take-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They didn't take/choose me.' (Or: `I wasn't taken by them.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \citet[52--53]{Reesink1987} mentions that Usan has object prefixes, but a free pronoun can also occupy the object position in the third person singular. This is not the case in Mauwake; in \REF{ex:3:x1354} the free pronoun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{o} is a re-activated topic (\sectref{sec:9.2.3}). The negative clause \REF{ex:3:x1353} shows that the position of the free pronoun is not directly preceding the verb. The clauses \REF{ex:3:x684}, \REF{ex:3:x560} have a similar structure with pronouns in non-third person marking a theme. When the pronoun is fronted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}), it is this unmarked pronoun that is used in the theme position.
A: word: marewa=ke=yon	 gloss: none=CF-perhaps
B: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
C: word: ten	 gloss: ten
D: word: yo	 gloss: 1s.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 186:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo me ___ aaw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM not ___ take-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They didn't take/choose me.' (Or: `I wasn't taken by them.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \citet[52--53]{Reesink1987} mentions that Usan has object prefixes, but a free pronoun can also occupy the object position in the third person singular. This is not the case in Mauwake; in \REF{ex:3:x1354} the free pronoun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{o} is a re-activated topic (\sectref{sec:9.2.3}). The negative clause \REF{ex:3:x1353} shows that the position of the free pronoun is not directly preceding the verb. The clauses \REF{ex:3:x684}, \REF{ex:3:x560} have a similar structure with pronouns in non-third person marking a theme. When the pronoun is fronted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}), it is this unmarked pronoun that is used in the theme position.
A: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
B: word: efa	 gloss: 1s.ACC
C: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
D: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 187:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ efa aaw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1s.ACC take-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They took/chose me.' (Or: `I was taken by them.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \citet[52--53]{Reesink1987} mentions that Usan has object prefixes, but a free pronoun can also occupy the object position in the third person singular. This is not the case in Mauwake; in \REF{ex:3:x1354} the free pronoun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{o} is a re-activated topic (\sectref{sec:9.2.3}). The negative clause \REF{ex:3:x1353} shows that the position of the free pronoun is not directly preceding the verb. The clauses \REF{ex:3:x684}, \REF{ex:3:x560} have a similar structure with pronouns in non-third person marking a theme. When the pronoun is fronted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}), it is this unmarked pronoun that is used in the theme position.
A: word: saa=pa	 gloss: sand=LOC
B: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
C: word: yo	 gloss: 1s.UNM
D: word: marewa=ke=yon	 gloss: none=CF-perhaps
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 188:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo ___ aaw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM ___ take-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They took/chose me.' (Or: `I was taken by them.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \citet[52--53]{Reesink1987} mentions that Usan has object prefixes, but a free pronoun can also occupy the object position in the third person singular. This is not the case in Mauwake; in \REF{ex:3:x1354} the free pronoun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{o} is a re-activated topic (\sectref{sec:9.2.3}). The negative clause \REF{ex:3:x1353} shows that the position of the free pronoun is not directly preceding the verb. The clauses \REF{ex:3:x684}, \REF{ex:3:x560} have a similar structure with pronouns in non-third person marking a theme. When the pronoun is fronted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}), it is this unmarked pronoun that is used in the theme position.
A: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
B: word: efa	 gloss: 1s.ACC
C: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 189:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Me ___ uruf-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): not ___ see-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`It wasn't him/her that I saw.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is the morpheme ___ne instance where the free third persthe morpheme ___n singular prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un dthe morpheme ___es the morpheme ___ccur after the negatthe morpheme ___r and immediately preceding the verb, just like accusative prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___uns. This is when there is cthe morpheme ___nstituent negatithe morpheme ___n (\sectref{sec:6.2.2}.) the morpheme ___n the the morpheme ___bject, which then alsthe morpheme ___ receives clausal stress \REF{ex:3:x561} (§\sectref{sec:2.1.3.1}, \ref{sec:9.3.3}). Here it is the negatthe morpheme ___r that mthe morpheme ___ves tthe morpheme ___ precede the cthe morpheme ___nstituent it negates. The same prthe morpheme ___cess is alsthe morpheme ___ seen in \REF{ex:3:x562} where the negatthe morpheme ___r has mthe morpheme ___ved in frthe morpheme ___nt the morpheme ___f the whthe morpheme ___le the morpheme ___bject \textstyleAcrthe morpheme ___nymallcaps{np}.
A: word: owow	 gloss: village
B: word: pepekim-ep	 gloss: measure-SS.SEQ
C: word: maak-ek	 gloss: tell-PA-3s
D: word: o	 gloss: 3s.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 190:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Me ___ owow mua wia arew-a-mik{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): not ___ village man 3p.ACC wait-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`It wasn't the village people that we waited for{\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is one instance where the free third person singular pronoun does occur after the negator and immediately preceding the verb, just like accusative pronouns. This is when there is constituent negation (\sectref{sec:6.2.2}.) on the object, which then also receives clausal stress \REF{ex:3:x561} (§\sectref{sec:2.1.3.1}, \ref{sec:9.3.3}). Here it is the negator that moves to precede the constituent it negates. The same process is also seen in \REF{ex:3:x562} where the negator has moved in front of the whole object \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}.
A: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
B: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
C: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
D: word: opaimik=iw	 gloss: mouth=INST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 191:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Me wi owow mua ___ arew-a-mik{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): not 3p.UNM village man ___ wait-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`It wasn't the village people that we waited for{\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is one instance where the free third person singular pronoun does occur after the negator and immediately preceding the verb, just like accusative pronouns. This is when there is constituent negation (\sectref{sec:6.2.2}.) on the object, which then also receives clausal stress \REF{ex:3:x561} (§\sectref{sec:2.1.3.1}, \ref{sec:9.3.3}). Here it is the negator that moves to precede the constituent it negates. The same process is also seen in \REF{ex:3:x562} where the negator has moved in front of the whole object \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}.
A: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
B: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: lawiliw	 gloss: nearly
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 192:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me uruf-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not see-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`(S)he didn't see him/her/it.' (Or: `(S)he didn't see him/her.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are situatithe morpheme ___ns where it is impthe morpheme ___ssible tthe morpheme ___ determine whether the unmarked third persthe morpheme ___n singular prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un is marking a tthe morpheme ___pic/subject the morpheme ___r an the morpheme ___bject frthe morpheme ___nted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}). The cthe morpheme ___ntext wthe morpheme ___uld be needed tthe morpheme ___ disambiguate between the slightly different meanings the morpheme ___f \REF{ex:3:x563}, which dthe morpheme ___ nthe morpheme ___t cthe morpheme ___me the morpheme ___ut well in the English translatithe morpheme ___n. The first meaning is likely if the cthe morpheme ___ntext mentithe morpheme ___ns sthe morpheme ___me the morpheme ___ther pethe morpheme ___ple seeing sthe morpheme ___mething; the secthe morpheme ___nd meaning is mthe morpheme ___re prthe morpheme ___bable elsewhere.
A: word: ik-em-ik-owa	 gloss: roast-SS.SIM-be-NMZ
B: word: maak-e-mik	 gloss: tell-PA-1/3p
C: word: o	 gloss: 3s.UNM
D: word: owow	 gloss: village
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 193:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ipia=ke ___ ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): rain=CF ___ come-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The rain hit us and we/they came.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are a few verbs in Mauwake that cross-reference the patient or recipient object in the verb root (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.2.4}). These verbs do not allow a separate accusative pronoun for the function that is already expressed by the verb root \REF{ex:3:x564}, \REF{ex:3:x1526}, but it is possible to have a separate accusative pronoun for the patient when the verb cross-references the recipient rather than the patient \REF{ex:3:x565}.
A: word: kokom-ar-eya	 gloss: darkness-INCH-2/3s.DS
B: word: aruf-eya	 gloss: hit-2/3s.DS
C: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
D: word: yiar-eya	 gloss: hit.us-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 194:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yomar, no uurika ___ urup-e.
Gloss (with missing item): friend 2s.UNM tomorrow ___ ascend-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Friend, follow me up tomorrow.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are a few verbs in Mauwake that cross-reference the patient or recipient object in the verb root (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.2.4}). These verbs do not allow a separate accusative pronoun for the function that is already expressed by the verb root \REF{ex:3:x564}, \REF{ex:3:x1526}, but it is possible to have a separate accusative pronoun for the patient when the verb cross-references the recipient rather than the patient \REF{ex:3:x565}.
A: word: akim-ap=ko	 gloss: try-SS.SEQ=NF
B: word: fook-ap	 gloss: split-SS.SEQ
C: word: yook-ap	 gloss: follow.me-SS.SEQ
D: word: murar-ep	 gloss: follow-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 195:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iiriw ___ wi-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): already ___ give.them-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have already given you to them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are a few verbs in Mauwake that cross-reference the patient or recipient object in the verb root (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.2.4}). These verbs do not allow a separate accusative pronoun for the function that is already expressed by the verb root \REF{ex:3:x564}, \REF{ex:3:x1526}, but it is possible to have a separate accusative pronoun for the patient when the verb cross-references the recipient rather than the patient \REF{ex:3:x565}.
A: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: yia	 gloss: 1s.ACC
D: word: akua-aaw-om-owa	 gloss: shoulder-take-BEN-NMZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 196:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Uuriw ___ aaw-ep nia p-ekap-om-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): morning ___ take-SS.SEQ 2p.ACC BPX-come-BEN-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the morning we will bring them (people) to you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When other verbs require both a [+human] recipient and a [+human] patient, it is encoded as a clause chain \REF{ex:3:x566}. The first verb then takes one of the arguments and the second the other.
A: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
B: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: war-iwkin	 gloss: shoot-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 197:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Uuriw wia aaw-ep ___ p-ekap-om-i-yen.
Gloss (with missing item): morning 3p.ACC take-SS.SEQ ___ BPX-come-BEN-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the morning we will bring them (people) to you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When other verbs require both a [+human] recipient and a [+human] patient, it is encoded as a clause chain \REF{ex:3:x566}. The first verb then takes one of the arguments and the second the other.
A: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
B: word: marew	 gloss: no(ne)
C: word: niawi=ke	 gloss: 2s/p.father=CF
D: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 198:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Sawur emeria nain=ke ___ soma mua nain ifakim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): spirit woman that1=CF ___ lover man that1 kill-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The spirit woman killed her (own) lover.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The genitive pronoun is used when the possessor is coreferential with the subject,\footnote{It does not have to be used when the possessive relationship is clear from the context; see (196) above.} and its meaning is often close to English `own' \REF{ex:3:x1805}--\REF{ex:3:x567}.
A: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
B: word: okaiwi	 gloss: other.side
C: word: onaiya	 gloss: with
D: word: ona	 gloss: 3s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 199:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ unuma maifa feeke siisim-eka.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ name paper here.CF write-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Write your names on the paper here/ on this paper.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The genitive pronoun is used when the possessor is coreferential with the subject,\footnote{It does not have to be used when the possessive relationship is clear from the context; see (196) above.} and its meaning is often close to English `own' \REF{ex:3:x1805}--\REF{ex:3:x567}.
A: word: krais=ke	 gloss: Christ=CF
B: word: yiena	 gloss: 1p.GEN
C: word: niena	 gloss: 2p.GEN
D: word: moram	 gloss: why
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 200:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ koora maneka wenup.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ house big very
The English translation of this sentence is:`My house is very big.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In descriptive or equative clauses genitive pronouns can modify both the subject \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} \REF{ex:3:x568} and the non-verbal predicate \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} \REF{ex:3:x569}, whereas the dative pronouns can modify neither.
A: word: nena	 gloss: 2s.GEN
B: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
C: word: ii-iisow	 gloss: RDP-1p.ISOL
D: word: yo/yena	 gloss: 1s.UNM/1s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B