cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 454:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Siowa nain ___ arim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): dog that1 ___ grow-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was looking after the dog and it grew.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' is in a class of its own for several reasons. Its morphology is irregular, and so are the semantics of some of its morphology. In \REF{ex:3:x258} the past tense and the person/number marker in the third person singular form are merged into one portmanteau morpheme. An alternative form for the different-subject first person form \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikemkun} is \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikomkun} \REF{ex:3:x1931}. The same-subject medial form is \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikok} \REF{ex:3:x260}, not *\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikep} and *\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikemi}\textstyleEmphasizedVernacularWords{\textmd{.}}\footnote{\textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ikep} and \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ikemi} are the same subject medial forms of the homophonous verb \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ik-} `roast'.} There is no formal differentiation between a simultaneous \REF{ex:3:x260} and a sequential \REF{ex:3:x262} form in the same-subject medial verb.
A: word: eefin	 gloss: that2
B: word: uruf-am-ik-omkun	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
C: word: memel-am-ik-emkun	 gloss: tame-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
D: word: kakalt-am-ik-emkun	 gloss: look.after-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 455:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap ___ uruf-am-ika-iwkin wia.
Gloss (with missing item): thus ___ see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS no
The English translation of this sentence is:`As he was/stayed like that they were watching him (but) no (=he didn't get better).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' is in a class of its own for several reasons. Its morphology is irregular, and so are the semantics of some of its morphology. In \REF{ex:3:x258} the past tense and the person/number marker in the third person singular form are merged into one portmanteau morpheme. An alternative form for the different-subject first person form \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikemkun} is \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikomkun} \REF{ex:3:x1931}. The same-subject medial form is \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikok} \REF{ex:3:x260}, not *\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikep} and *\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikemi}\textstyleEmphasizedVernacularWords{\textmd{.}}\footnote{\textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ikep} and \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ikemi} are the same subject medial forms of the homophonous verb \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ik-} `roast'.} There is no formal differentiation between a simultaneous \REF{ex:3:x260} and a sequential \REF{ex:3:x262} form in the same-subject medial verb.
A: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
B: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
C: word: mauw-am-ik-ok	 gloss: work-SS.SIM-be-SS
D: word: eefin	 gloss: that2
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 456:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap ___ uruf-am-ika-iwkin wia.
Gloss (with missing item): thus ___ see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS no
The English translation of this sentence is:`As he was/stayed like that they were watching him (but) no (=he didn't get better).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' is in a class of its own for several reasons. Its morphology is irregular, and so are the semantics of some of its morphology. In \REF{ex:3:x258} the past tense and the person/number marker in the third person singular form are merged into one portmanteau morpheme. An alternative form for the different-subject first person form \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikemkun} is \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikomkun} \REF{ex:3:x1931}. The same-subject medial form is \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikok} \REF{ex:3:x260}, not *\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikep} and *\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikemi}\textstyleEmphasizedVernacularWords{\textmd{.}}\footnote{\textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ikep} and \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ikemi} are the same subject medial forms of the homophonous verb \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{ik-} `roast'.} There is no formal differentiation between a simultaneous \REF{ex:3:x260} and a sequential \REF{ex:3:x262} form in the same-subject medial verb.
A: word: ariman	 gloss: openly
B: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
C: word: mauw-am-ik-ok	 gloss: work-SS.SIM-be-SS
D: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 457:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Siowa nain ___ arim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): dog that1 ___ grow-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was looking after the dog and it grew.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It also differs from ordinary intransitive verbs in that in a verb+auxiliary construction it cannot be the main verb, but can be used as the aspectual auxiliary \REF{ex:3:x1931} (see also \sectref{sec:3.8.4.5}). But it is like other intransitive verbs in that it can take an causative suffix \REF{ex:3:x261}.\footnote{\citet[142]{Reesink1987} notes that in Usan the corresponding verb \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{igo} `be' cannot occur with the causative suffix. In Mauwake there is no similar restriction.}
A: word: uruf-am-ik-omkun	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
B: word: pu-puuk-ap	 gloss: RDP-cut-SS.SEQ
C: word: kakalt-am-ik-emkun	 gloss: look.after-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
D: word: memel-am-ik-emkun	 gloss: tame-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 458:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ni kaaneke ___ oo, ni ekap-omak-eka oo!
Gloss (with missing item): 2p.UNM where ___ oh 2p.UNM come-DISTR-IMP.2p oh
The English translation of this sentence is:`Wherever you are, come!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The tense distinction is partly neutralized: the past tense form is used for past \REF{ex:3:x263} and present \REF{ex:3:x264}. The present tense form is not very common and is mainly used for less time-stable situations \REF{ex:3:x499}, \REF{ex:3:x1028}, or to replace the missing continuous aspect form \REF{ex:3:x265}. The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- is used as the regular continuous aspect auxiliary (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.1.1.2}), and as a main verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' cannot take this auxiliary.
A: word: en-em-ik-e-man	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM-be-PA-2p
B: word: ma-e-man	 gloss: say-PA-2p
C: word: ik-e-man	 gloss: be-PA-2p
D: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 459:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No kamenap ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM how ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`How are you?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The tense distinction is partly neutralized: the past tense form is used for past \REF{ex:3:x263} and present \REF{ex:3:x264}. The present tense form is not very common and is mainly used for less time-stable situations \REF{ex:3:x499}, \REF{ex:3:x1028}, or to replace the missing continuous aspect form \REF{ex:3:x265}. The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- is used as the regular continuous aspect auxiliary (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.1.1.2}), and as a main verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' cannot take this auxiliary.
A: word: ika-i-yem	 gloss: be-Np-PR.1s
B: word: ika-i-nan=na	 gloss: be-NP-FU.2s=TP
C: word: ika-i-n	 gloss: be-Np-PR.2s
D: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 460:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mesa asia fiker gone=pa ___ nain aaw-em-ik-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): winged.bean wild kunai.grass middle=LOC ___ that1 take-SS.SIM-be-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was picking wild winged bean that was (lit: is) in the middle of the kunai grass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The tense distinction is partly neutralized: the past tense form is used for past \REF{ex:3:x263} and present \REF{ex:3:x264}. The present tense form is not very common and is mainly used for less time-stable situations \REF{ex:3:x499}, \REF{ex:3:x1028}, or to replace the missing continuous aspect form \REF{ex:3:x265}. The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- is used as the regular continuous aspect auxiliary (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.1.1.2}), and as a main verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' cannot take this auxiliary.
A: word: ika-i-ya	 gloss: be-Np-PR.3s
B: word: piipua-i-nan=i	 gloss: leave-Np-FU.2s=QM
C: word: ika-i-n	 gloss: be-Np-PR.2s
D: word: ika-i-ya=na	 gloss: be-Np-PR.3s=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 461:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Koora naap ___ uruf-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): house thus ___ see-Np-PR.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We see the house as it is like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An equative or descriptive medial clause requires \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- as a copula regardless of the tense of the final verb \REF{ex:3:x498}.
A: word: ik-eya	 gloss: be-2/3s.DS
B: word: eliwa	 gloss: good
C: word: uruf-am-ik-eya	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3.DS
D: word: ika-iwkin	 gloss: be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 462:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ona koora=pa arew-ap ___ ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.GEN house=LOC wait-SS.SEQ ___ be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We sat and waited (lit: waited and sat) in his house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The three position-taking verbs are among the most frequently used verbs in Mauwake: \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pok}- `sit down', \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{iimar}- `stand up' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{in}- `lie down/ fall asleep'. They are essentially punctiliar verbs with an inceptive meaning \REF{ex:3:x273}, but they are most typically used in the same-subject sequential form together with the auxiliary \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.5}) to convey stative meaning: `sit' \REF{ex:3:x274}, `stand', and `lie/sleep'.
A: word: kemal-ep	 gloss: pity-SS.SEQ
B: word: pok-ap	 gloss: sit.down-SS.SEQ
C: word: pok-ap-ik-omkun	 gloss: sit.down-SS.SEQ-be-1s/p.DS
D: word: ma-e-mik	 gloss: say-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 463:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No ikiw-e, irak-owa maneka ___ a.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM go-IMP.2s fight-NMZ big ___ INTJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`Go (home), the big war is here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two verbs that have been verbalized from the demonstrative adverbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{fan} `here' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{nan} `there' (\sectref{sec:3.8.2.2.1}), are very restricted in their use. The original meaning of the verbs must refer to arrival at some place, but since they are only used in the past tense, they currently tend to indicate presence at a place rather than movement \REF{ex:3:x1270}--\REF{ex:3:x1272}.\footnote{This may indicate that the past tense used to encode perfectivity (Malcolm Ross, p.c.)} They can even be used with immobile objects \REF{ex:3:x1276}.
A: word: uurika	 gloss: tomorrow
B: word: fan-e-mik	 gloss: here-PA-1/3p
C: word: nan-e-k	 gloss: there-PA-3s
D: word: fan-e-k	 gloss: here-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 464:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aa, o koora ___ a.
Gloss (with missing item): INTJ 3s.UNM house ___ INTJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ah, his house is here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two verbs that have been verbalized from the demonstrative adverbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{fan} `here' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{nan} `there' (\sectref{sec:3.8.2.2.1}), are very restricted in their use. The original meaning of the verbs must refer to arrival at some place, but since they are only used in the past tense, they currently tend to indicate presence at a place rather than movement \REF{ex:3:x1270}--\REF{ex:3:x1272}.\footnote{This may indicate that the past tense used to encode perfectivity (Malcolm Ross, p.c.)} They can even be used with immobile objects \REF{ex:3:x1276}.
A: word: fan-e-k	 gloss: here-PA-3s
B: word: nan-e-k	 gloss: there-PA-3s
C: word: mua=iw	 gloss: man=LIM
D: word: fan-e-mik	 gloss: here-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 465:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Manina ___ nan uuw-ap owowa or-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): garden ___ there work-SS.SEQ village descend-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`She went up to the garden, worked there and came down to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verbs indicating coming and going are among the most frequent verbs in Mauwake. These verbs have the direction inherent in the verb root. Verbs of this kind are quite common among Papuan languages: in some languages the directional is an affix, in others it is part of the meaning of the root itself \citep[149]{Foley1986}; Mauwake is of the latter type. The directional verb group contains verbs that in many languages would be prototypically intransitive \REF{ex:3:x280}, \REF{ex:3:x281}. The directional verbs are listed in \tabref{tab:3:directionals}.
A: word: urup-ep	 gloss: ascend-SS.SEQ
B: word: ikiw-ep-ik-eya	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: wiim-urup-ep	 gloss: escort-ascend-SS.SEQ
D: word: ikiw-o-n	 gloss: go-PA-2s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 466:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fofa ___ ir-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): market ___ come-Np-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We are coming back from the market.' (Lit: `We went west to the market and are coming east.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verbs indicating coming and going are among the most frequent verbs in Mauwake. These verbs have the direction inherent in the verb root. Verbs of this kind are quite common among Papuan languages: in some languages the directional is an affix, in others it is part of the meaning of the root itself \citep[149]{Foley1986}; Mauwake is of the latter type. The directional verb group contains verbs that in many languages would be prototypically intransitive \REF{ex:3:x280}, \REF{ex:3:x281}. The directional verbs are listed in \tabref{tab:3:directionals}.
A: word: nena=iw	 gloss: 2s.GEN=LIM
B: word: er-ap	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
C: word: ifer-aasa=ke	 gloss: sea-canoe=CF
D: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 467:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ekap-ep maa uup-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ come-SS.SEQ food cook-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We came from the garden and cooked food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When these verbs occur with a locative phrase containing the locative marker (\sectref{sec:3.12.4}), the phrase almost always refers to either source \REF{ex:3:x285}, or location/path \REF{ex:3:x447}. The goal is very seldom marked with the locative marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pa}; this happens when the goal is important mainly as the location of the next event \REF{ex:3:x1878}. Also, in \REF{ex:3:x1878} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{mukuna} `fire' is an untypical goal for a directional verb.
A: word: kakalt-am-ik-emkun	 gloss: look.after-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
B: word: manina=pa	 gloss: garden=LOC
C: word: manin	 gloss: garden
D: word: manina	 gloss: garden
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 468:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Manina=pa ___ maa uup-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): garden=LOC ___ food cook-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We came from the garden and cooked food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When these verbs occur with a locative phrase containing the locative marker (\sectref{sec:3.12.4}), the phrase almost always refers to either source \REF{ex:3:x285}, or location/path \REF{ex:3:x447}. The goal is very seldom marked with the locative marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pa}; this happens when the goal is important mainly as the location of the next event \REF{ex:3:x1878}. Also, in \REF{ex:3:x1878} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{mukuna} `fire' is an untypical goal for a directional verb.
A: word: ewur	 gloss: quickly
B: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
C: word: ekap-e-mik	 gloss: come-PA-1/3p
D: word: ekap-ep	 gloss: come-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D