cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 674:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ena ma-e-k nain makena yos.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SPEC say-PA-3s that1 true 1s.FC
The English translation of this sentence is:`The man that he talked about is I.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Of the two topic markers \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ena} is fairly low in frequency, and the description given here is only tentative. It seems that \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ena} as an independent word originally had a topic marking function, but later the topic clitic -(e)na developed from it and is now used for highlighted topic (\sectref{sec:9.2.4}) in main clauses. \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{Ena} still marks a topic, but mainly in relative clauses. It often has a specifying function as well: `the/that (particular one)' \REF{ex:3:x1681}.
A: word: (mua)	 gloss: (man)
B: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
C: word: mua	 gloss: man
D: word: ame	 gloss: ASSOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 675:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua ___ ma-e-k nain makena yos.
Gloss (with missing item): man ___ say-PA-3s that1 true 1s.FC
The English translation of this sentence is:`The man that he talked about is I.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Of the two topic markers \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} is fairly low in frequency, and the description given here is only tentative. It seems that \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} as an independent word originally had a topic marking function, but later the topic clitic -(e)na developed from it and is now used for highlighted topic (\sectref{sec:9.2.4}) in main clauses. \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{Ena} still marks a topic, but mainly in relative clauses. It often has a specifying function as well: `the/that (particular one)' \REF{ex:3:x1681}.
A: word: akena	 gloss: very
B: word: amis-ar-owa	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-NMZ
C: word: ena	 gloss: SPEC
D: word: arew-am-ik-omkun	 gloss: wait-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 676:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mua owowa=pa ik-ok ena irakowa uruf-a-mik nain nanar nain yo fan ma-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ man village=LOC be-SS SPEC fight-NMZ see-PA-1/3p that1 story that1 1s.UNM here say-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am telling the story of us (particular) people who stayed in the village and saw the fighting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In long relatthe morpheme ___ve clauses, where the morpheme ___t the morpheme ___s attached to the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{relnp}, the morpheme ___t helps to dthe morpheme ___stthe morpheme ___nguthe morpheme ___sh the morpheme ___t from all the other \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}s the morpheme ___n the clause \REF{ex:3:x1815}, \REF{ex:3:x1683}.
A: word: mua=iw	 gloss: man=LIM
B: word: i	 gloss: 1p.UNM
C: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
D: word: wii-wiim-ik-ua	 gloss: RDP-dawn-be-PA.3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 677:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I mua owowa=pa ik-ok ___ irakowa uruf-a-mik nain nanar nain yo fan ma-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM man village=LOC be-SS ___ fight-NMZ see-PA-1/3p that1 story that1 1s.UNM here say-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am telling the story of us (particular) people who stayed in the village and saw the fighting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In long relative clauses, where it is attached to the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{relnp}, it helps to distinguish it from all the other \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}s in the clause \REF{ex:3:x1815}, \REF{ex:3:x1683}.
A: word: amis-ar-owa	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-NMZ
B: word: erepam	 gloss: four
C: word: ena	 gloss: SPEC
D: word: akena	 gloss: very
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 678:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aakisa fan ___ maneka wu-a-mik nain eliw, wie wi eliw wiar op-i-kuan.
Gloss (with missing item): now here ___ big put-PA-1/3p that1 well 3s/p.uncle 3p.UNM well 3.DAT grab-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Those big (bowls) that we put just now, all right, the uncles may take those from them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the head noun of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} is is recoverable from the context, it may be deleted, leaving behind only \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___}. In \REF{ex:3:x1682} the head noun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{epira} `bowl(s)' has been omitted.
A: word: ena	 gloss: SPEC
B: word: amis-ar-owa	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-NMZ
C: word: akena	 gloss: very
D: word: eenan	 gloss: there3
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 679:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ni Samaria=na ___ ena me baliwep amis-ar-e-man nain\textsubscript{RC} lotu on-i-man.
Gloss (with missing item): 2p.UNM Samaria=TP ___ SPEC not well knowledge-INCH that1 worship do-Np-PR.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`You Samaritans worship [the one that you do not know well].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The example \REF{ex:3:x1816}, taken frthe morpheme ___m Bible translatithe morpheme ___n, has a highlighted tthe morpheme ___pic marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWthe morpheme ___rdsItalic{na} the morpheme ___n the sentence-initial tthe morpheme ___pic \textstyleAcrthe morpheme ___nymallcaps{np}, which is part the morpheme ___f the main clause, and \textstyleStyleVernacularWthe morpheme ___rdsItalic{ena} inside the relative clause:
A: word: panewowa=ke	 gloss: old=CF
B: word: owow	 gloss: village
C: word: o	 gloss: 3s.UNM
D: word: ikiw-emi	 gloss: go-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 680:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ni Samaria=na o ___ me baliwep amis-ar-e-man nain\textsubscript{RC} lotu on-i-man.
Gloss (with missing item): 2p.UNM Samaria=TP 3s.UNM ___ not well knowledge-INCH that1 worship do-Np-PR.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`You Samaritans worship [the one that you do not know well].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The example \REF{ex:3:x1816}, taken from Bible translation, has a highlighted topic marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na} on the sentence-initial topic \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, which is part of the main clause, and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} inside the relative clause:
A: word: papako	 gloss: some
B: word: amis-ar-owa	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-NMZ
C: word: ena	 gloss: SPEC
D: word: akena	 gloss: very
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 681:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nena ___ urema osarena ikiw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.GEN ___ bandicoot path go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`(As for) your husband, he went to catch bandicoots.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:3:x779} is from a traditional story, where a man has gone hunting and the spirit of his lover comes to his home. When the wife sees her, she knows what the spirit woman has come to look for and comments:
A: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
B: word: mua=na	 gloss: man=TP
C: word: mua=iya	 gloss: man=COM
D: word: nena	 gloss: 2s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 682:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua nain naareke? Mua ___ owow saria maneka=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): Man that1 who.CF man ___ village headman big=CF
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who is that man? -That man is the big village headman.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:3:x1751} the answer to the question reveals the identity of the person asked about; the topic marker may be used even in a short exchange like this but especially if the text continues to tell more about the topic.
A: word: amia=iya	 gloss: bow=COM
B: word: nain=iw	 gloss: that1=INST
C: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
D: word: nain=na	 gloss: that1=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 683:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`(So,) what about you?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:3:x780} the speaker changes the topic to the addressee after a discussion on something else:
A: word: nos=iw	 gloss: 2s.FC=LIM
B: word: nos=na	 gloss: 2s.FC=TP
C: word: kokas-owa=ke	 gloss: itch-NMZ=CF
D: word: yos=na	 gloss: 1s.FC=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 684:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Opora wiar ___ eliw urup-ep wia maak-uk.
Gloss (with missing item): talk 3.DAT ___ well ascend-SS.SEQ 3p.ACC tell-IMP.3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`If they have something to say, they can get up and tell them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An important function for the topic marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na} is to mark conditional clauses \REF{ex:3:x744}, \REF{ex:3:x745} (\sectref{sec:8.3.5}). This is a common function for topic markers in Papuan languages (\citealt{Haiman1978}; \citealt{Reesink1983b}, \citeyear[242]{Reesink1987}; \citealt[203]{Foley1986}).
A: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
B: word: ika-i-ya=na	 gloss: be-Np-PR.3s=TP
C: word: kua-i-ya=na	 gloss: build-NP-PR.3s=TP
D: word: ika-i-ya	 gloss: be-Np-PR.3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 685:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): O emeria aaw-owa ___ iw-ek-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.UNM woman get-NMZ ___ give.him-CNTF-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`If he had liked to get a wife, they would have given him one.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An important function for the topic marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na} is to mark conditional clauses \REF{ex:3:x744}, \REF{ex:3:x745} (\sectref{sec:8.3.5}). This is a common function for topic markers in Papuan languages (\citealt{Haiman1978}; \citealt{Reesink1983b}, \citeyear[242]{Reesink1987}; \citealt[203]{Foley1986}).
A: word: ik-ek-a-k=na	 gloss: be-CNTF-PA-3s=TP
B: word: aakun-i-mik	 gloss: talk-Np-PR.1/3p
C: word: kookal-ek-a-k=na	 gloss: like-CNTF-PA-3s=TP
D: word: ik-omak-iwkin	 gloss: be-DISTR/PL-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 686:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ikiw-ep mukuna nain ___ me pepek.
Gloss (with missing item): go-SS.SEQ fire that1 ___ not enough/able
The English translation of this sentence is:`We went and (tried to) extinguish the fire, but couldn't.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also used in adversative subordinate clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.4}) when the main clause expresses a frustrated effort or a cancelled expectation \REF{ex:3:x1399}, or surprise.
A: word: on-a-mik=na	 gloss: do-PA-1/3p=TP
B: word: umuk-a-mik=na	 gloss: extinguish-PA-1/3p=TP
C: word: wu-om-a-mik=na	 gloss: put-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p=TP
D: word: iiwawun	 gloss: altogether
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 687:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iiriw ifa ___ kekan-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): earlier snake ___ be.strong-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The snake poison had already taken effect.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are two focus clitics, the \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{contrastive focus}} marker -(\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{e})\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} and the neutral focus marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ko}, which has developed from the indefinite \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{oko} `a certain, other'.\footnote{Most of this section is based on J\"arvinen (1988b:81--96).} The main candidate for the contrastive focus marker is the subject of a noun phrase \REF{ex:3:x781}. When the object is fronted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}), the subject usually gets the contrastive focus marking to distinguish it from the object \REF{ex:3:x782}.
A: word: marasin=ke	 gloss: poison=CF
B: word: ifa=ke	 gloss: snake=CF
C: word: marasin	 gloss: medicine
D: word: e'repam	 gloss: four
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 688:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Episowa ifa nain ___ en-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): tobacco leaf that1 ___ eat-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The tobacco leaves were eaten by worms.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are two focus clitics, the \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{contrastive focus}} marker -(\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{e})\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ke} and the neutral focus marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ko}, which has developed from the indefinite \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{oko} `a certain, other'.\footnote{Most of this section is based on J\"arvinen (1988b:81--96).} The main candidate for the contrastive focus marker is the subject of a noun phrase \REF{ex:3:x781}. When the object is fronted as a theme (\sectref{sec:9.1}), the subject usually gets the contrastive focus marking to distinguish it from the object \REF{ex:3:x782}.
A: word: mua=ke	 gloss: man=CF
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: tuar=ke	 gloss: crocodile=CF
D: word: atua=ke	 gloss: worm=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 689:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ eliw ika-i-yem, uura=ke napum-ar-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ well be-Np-PR.1s night=CF sickness-INCH-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`At noon I'm well, at night I am sick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are a few isolated cases where it occurs on some other contrasted element of a clause \REF{ex:3:x784}.
A: word: amirika=ke	 gloss: noon=CF
B: word: amirika	 gloss: day
C: word: en-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
D: word: yos=ke	 gloss: 1s=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 690:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Amirika=ke eliw ika-i-yem, ___ napum-ar-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): noon=CF well be-Np-PR.1s ___ sickness-INCH-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`At noon I'm well, at night I am sick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are a few isolated cases where it occurs on some other contrasted element of a clause \REF{ex:3:x784}.
A: word: uura	 gloss: night
B: word: uura=ke	 gloss: night=CF
C: word: fura=ke	 gloss: knife=CF
D: word: ik-e-man	 gloss: be-PA-2p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 691:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ op-a-man=i?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ hold-PA-2p=QM
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did you hold any fire?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{neutral focus}} clitic -ko mostly occurs in irrealis-type clauses:\footnote{Because of this, it was called Irrealis focus clitic in J\"arvinen (1988b).} questions \REF{ex:3:x785}, commands \REF{ex:3:x786}, negative clauses \REF{ex:3:x787}, or those with future tense \REF{ex:3:x788}. Unlike the contrastive focus marker, the neutral focus marker can be attached to almost any element of a clause except the final verb. Neutral focus as a textual device is discussed further in \sectref{sec:9.3.2}.
A: word: womokowa	 gloss: 3s/p.brother
B: word: om-em-ik-eya	 gloss: cry-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: mukuna=pa	 gloss: fire=LOC
D: word: mukuna=ko	 gloss: fire=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D