cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 387:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Waaya ___ waaya uup-i-nan, naap.
Gloss (with missing item): pig ___ pig cook-Np-FU.2s thus
The English translation of this sentence is:`If there is a pig, you will cook it - it is like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The future tense in any person form is used for habitual or generic conditionals \REF{ex:3:x1640} (\sectref{sec:8.3.5}). The example \REF{ex:3:x1641} refers to a traditional custom and is generic, even if the first person form of the verb is used, and the first person pronoun as well.
A: word: owora=ko	 gloss: betelnut=NF
B: word: fien-owa	 gloss: brush.off-NMZ
C: word: ika-i-non	 gloss: be-Np-FU.3s
D: word: ika-i-non-(na)	 gloss: be-Np-FU.3s-(TP)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 388:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Waaya ika-i-non, waaya ___ naap.
Gloss (with missing item): pig be-Np-FU.3s pig ___ thus
The English translation of this sentence is:`If there is a pig, you will cook it - it is like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The future tense in any person form is used for habitual or generic conditionals \REF{ex:3:x1640} (\sectref{sec:8.3.5}). The example \REF{ex:3:x1641} refers to a traditional custom and is generic, even if the first person form of the verb is used, and the first person pronoun as well.
A: word: wiam	 gloss: 3p.REFL
B: word: yi-i-nan=i	 gloss: give.me-Np-FU.2s=QM
C: word: on-i-nan	 gloss: do-NP-FU.2s
D: word: uup-i-nan	 gloss: cook-Np-FU.2s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 389:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ikoka yo ___ muuka nain nainiw wiena aaw-i-kuan.
Gloss (with missing item): later 1s.UNM ___ son that1 again 3p.GEN take-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Later, if I die (without paying the bride price) they will take the son back.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The future tense in any person form is used for habitual or generic conditionals \REF{ex:3:x1640} (\sectref{sec:8.3.5}). The example \REF{ex:3:x1641} refers to a traditional custom and is generic, even if the first person form of the verb is used, and the first person pronoun as well.
A: word: ikiw-i-nen	 gloss: go-NP-FU.1s
B: word: um-i-nen	 gloss: die-Np-FU.1s
C: word: ifakim-i-nen=i	 gloss: kill-NP-FU.1s=QM
D: word: owawiya	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 390:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa ___ wuailal-ep akia ik-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): village ___ be.hungry-SS.SEQ banana roast-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He went (down) to the village, was hungry and roasted bananas.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the subject of the medial clause is the same as that of the following clause, the verb itself does not give any indication of the person and number of the subject, only that the same subject continues in the next clause.\footnote{For exceptions to this, see \sectref{sec:8.2.3} where the functional aspects of switch reference are discussed.} If the actions are sequential, i.e. the action indicated by the verb in the medial clause precedes that of the following clause, the suffix is \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ap} or \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ep} \REF{ex:3:x238} depending on the conjugation class (\sectref{sec:2.3.3.3}).\footnote{For the second conjugation class verb \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{or}- `descend' the suffix is -\textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{op}\textstyleEmphasizedVernacularWords{.}}
A: word: or-op	 gloss: go.down-SS.SEQ
B: word: biri-birin-emi	 gloss: RDP-fly-SS.SIM
C: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
D: word: p-or-op	 gloss: BPX-descend-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 391:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa or-op, ___ akia ik-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): village go.down-SS.SEQ ___ banana roast-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He went (down) to the village, was hungry and roasted bananas.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the subject of the medial clause is the same as that of the following clause, the verb itself does not give any indication of the person and number of the subject, only that the same subject continues in the next clause.\footnote{For exceptions to this, see \sectref{sec:8.2.3} where the functional aspects of switch reference are discussed.} If the actions are sequential, i.e. the action indicated by the verb in the medial clause precedes that of the following clause, the suffix is \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ap} or \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ep} \REF{ex:3:x238} depending on the conjugation class (\sectref{sec:2.3.3.3}).\footnote{For the second conjugation class verb \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{or}- `descend' the suffix is -\textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{op}\textstyleEmphasizedVernacularWords{.}}
A: word: en-ep	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ
B: word: wailal-ep	 gloss: be.hungry-SS.SEQ
C: word: pina	 gloss: guilt
D: word: wuailal-ep	 gloss: be.hungry-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 392:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi sawur ___ fan yiar pok-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM spirit ___ here 1p.DAT sit.down-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`As the spirits were going they sat down here with us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the medial clause subject is the same as the subject in the following clause but the two actions are simultaneous, or at least overlapping, the suffix is \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ami} or \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{emi} (or \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{omi}) according to the conjugation class of the verb. Even if the action of the medial verb may often be \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{interpreted}} as continuous \REF{ex:3:x239}, the suffix in itself only indicates simultaneity \REF{ex:3:x240}. Continuous aspect marking may be needed for clarity when continuity is in focus \REF{ex:3:x241}.
A: word: ikos	 gloss: with
B: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
C: word: ir-ami	 gloss: go-SS.SIM
D: word: iikir-ami	 gloss: get.up-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 393:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ifara oko uruf-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ vine other see-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was walking and saw another vine. '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the medial clause subject is the same as the subject in the following clause but the two actions are simultaneous, or at least overlapping, the suffix is \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ami} or \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{emi} (or \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{omi}) according to the conjugation class of the verb. Even if the action of the medial verb may often be \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{interpreted}} as continuous \REF{ex:3:x239}, the suffix in itself only indicates simultaneity \REF{ex:3:x240}. Continuous aspect marking may be needed for clarity when continuity is in focus \REF{ex:3:x241}.
A: word: mamaiya	 gloss: near
B: word: soomar-em-ik-eya	 gloss: walk-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: soomar-em-ik-ok	 gloss: walk-SS.SIM-be-SS
D: word: op-ap	 gloss: hold-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 394:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa=pa neeke ___ mua maak-ek{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): village=LOC there.CF ___ man tell-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`While they were there in the village she told her husband, {\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' is different from other verbs in that there is no differentiation between the simultaneous and sequential forms in the same-subject medial verb: in example \REF{ex:3:x242} the actions are simultaneous, in \REF{ex:3:x243} sequential. Also, the verb does not take either one of the normal same-subject suffixes.
A: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
B: word: mauw-am-ik-ok	 gloss: work-SS.SIM-be-SS
C: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
D: word: wakesim-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: cover-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 395:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No kaaneke ___ kerer-e-n?
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM where.CF ___ appear-PA-2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Where have you been and now come?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' is different from other verbs in that there is no differentiation between the simultaneous and sequential forms in the same-subject medial verb: in example \REF{ex:3:x242} the actions are simultaneous, in \REF{ex:3:x243} sequential. Also, the verb does not take either one of the normal same-subject suffixes.
A: word: ik-ok	 gloss: be-SS
B: word: mauw-am-ik-ok	 gloss: work-SS.SIM-be-SS
C: word: nain=iw	 gloss: that1=INST
D: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 396:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Imen-ap ___ o miim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): find-SS.SEQ ___ 3s.UNM precede-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`They found him and told him, and he went ahead of them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the subject of the medial clause is different from that of the following clause, the suffix of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{ds} verb reflects this. There are some person/number distinctions in these suffixes, even though not as many as in the finite verbs. The first person singular and plural are distinguished from all the other forms; in the other persons the distinction is based on the number: second and third person singular share the same suffix, and second and third person plural likewise \REF{ex:3:x244}, \REF{ex:3:x245}.\footnote{There is great variation in this area in Papuan languages. Some only have one form to indicate that the subject changes, others have partial or full differentiation according to the person, some even show the subject of the following clause in the medial verb.} \tabref{tab:3:differentsubject} shows the different subject suffixes.
A: word: maak-eya	 gloss: tell-2/3s.DS
B: word: maak-iwkin	 gloss: tell-2/3p.DS
C: word: maak-iwkin=na	 gloss: tell-2/3p.DS=TP
D: word: biri-birin-emi	 gloss: RDP-fly-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 397:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me um-o-k, wiowa onaiya ikiw-em-ik-eya Olas=ke war-ek.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not die-PA-3s spear with go-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS Olas=CF shoot-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I speared it, it didn't die, (but) as it was going with the spear Olas shot it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the subject of the medial clause is different from that of the following clause, the suffix of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{ds} verb reflects this. There are some person/number distinctions in these suffixes, even though not as many as in the finite verbs. The first person singular and plural are distinguished from all the other forms; in the other persons the distinction is based on the number: second and third person singular share the same suffix, and second and third person plural likewise \REF{ex:3:x244}, \REF{ex:3:x245}.\footnote{There is great variation in this area in Papuan languages. Some only have one form to indicate that the subject changes, others have partial or full differentiation according to the person, some even show the subject of the following clause in the medial verb.} \tabref{tab:3:differentsubject} shows the different subject suffixes.
A: word: on-amkun=ko	 gloss: do-1s/p.DS=NF
B: word: ik-omkun	 gloss: be-1s/p.DS
C: word: kateres=iya	 gloss: cartridge=COM
D: word: mik-amkun	 gloss: spear-1s/p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 398:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mik-amkun me um-o-k, wiowa onaiya ___ Olas=ke war-ek.
Gloss (with missing item): spear-1s/p.DS not die-PA-3s spear with ___ Olas=CF shoot-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I speared it, it didn't die, (but) as it was going with the spear Olas shot it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the subject of the medial clause is different from that of the following clause, the suffix of the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{ds} verb reflects this. There are some person/number distinctions in these suffixes, even though not as many as in the finite verbs. The first person singular and plural are distinguished from all the other forms; in the other persons the distinction is based on the number: second and third person singular share the same suffix, and second and third person plural likewise \REF{ex:3:x244}, \REF{ex:3:x245}.\footnote{There is great variation in this area in Papuan languages. Some only have one form to indicate that the subject changes, others have partial or full differentiation according to the person, some even show the subject of the following clause in the medial verb.} \tabref{tab:3:differentsubject} shows the different subject suffixes.
A: word: muuka=ki	 gloss: son=CF.QM
B: word: ikiw-em-ik-eya	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
D: word: ikiw-em-ik-omkun	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 399:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nan miira saawirin-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ there face become.round-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`As [the poison] entered [his liver], he became dizzy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The suffix is -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aya} instead of \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{eya} in a few short conjugation class 1 verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.1}) \REF{ex:3:x493}\footnote{The vowel \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{-a} is somewhat more common in the Muaka dialect group where the 2/3s.\textsc{ds} marker is -era instead of \nobreakdash-eya.} and in those benefactive verbs where the first vowel of the suffix is assimilated to the preceding vowel of the beneficiary suffix \REF{ex:3:x695}.
A: word: iw-aya	 gloss: enter-2/3s.DS
B: word: miiw-aasa	 gloss: land-canoe
C: word: nien=iw	 gloss: 2p.GEN=LIM
D: word: ekap-eya	 gloss: come-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 400:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aaya=ko yia ___ enim-i-yan.
Gloss (with missing item): sugarcane=NF 1p.ACC ___ eat-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Get us sugarcane and we'll eat it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The suffix is -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aya} instead of \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{eya} in a few short conjugation class 1 verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.1}) \REF{ex:3:x493}\footnote{The vowel \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{-a} is somewhat more common in the Muaka dialect group where the 2/3s.\textsc{ds} marker is -era instead of \nobreakdash-eya.} and in those benefactive verbs where the first vowel of the suffix is assimilated to the preceding vowel of the beneficiary suffix \REF{ex:3:x695}.
A: word: kees-om-a-ya	 gloss: spit-BEN-BNFY2-2/3s.DS
B: word: maak-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: tell-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
C: word: aaw-om-aya	 gloss: get-BEN-BNFY2.2/3s.DS
D: word: aaw-om-omak-e	 gloss: get-BEN-DISTR/PL-IMP.2s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 401:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me aaw-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not take-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`There was (only) half (left), so I didn't take any/it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The different-subject marking \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{eya} is also used with some non-verbs. This seems to be uncommon in \textsc{png} languages: in \citeauthor{Roberts1997}' (1997:137) survey the very few examples where the switch-reference marking was on non-verbs these were pro-clausal substitutes like a demonstrative or vocative. In Mauwake the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{ds} suffix can be added to nouns \REF{ex:3:x250} or adjectives \REF{ex:3:x251}, or the negative adverbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{weetak} and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{marew} \REF{ex:3:x252} functioning as predicates in verbless clauses. When it is added to words ending in -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{a}, the first vowel in the suffix gets assimilated to this vowel \REF{ex:3:x250}.
A: word: enakiwa	 gloss: half
B: word: enakiwa-ya	 gloss: half-2/3s.DS
C: word: bagiwir-ow-a-n	 gloss: be.angry-CAUS-PA-2s
D: word: na-eya	 gloss: say-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B