cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 469:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ona owowa ___ soop-i-yan.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.GEN village ___ bury-Np-FU.1p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We'll take him (=his body) in his village and bury him (there).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The directional verbs differ from other verbs in Mauwake in that they can be transitivized with the bring-prefixes \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{p}- \REF{ex:3:x286}, \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{amap}- and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aap}- (\sectref{sec:3.8.2.4.2}) to indicate either bringing or taking something somewhere.
A: word: ek-ap	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
B: word: owawik	 gloss: with
C: word: p-ikiw-ep	 gloss: BPX-go-SS.SEQ
D: word: p-ikiw-i-yan''	 gloss: BPX-go-Np-FU.1p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 470:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Purowa ___ siin-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): armband ___ tight-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`She pushed the armband up and it got tight.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The causative suffix \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ow}\textstyleEmphasizedWords{} (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.3.1})\textstyleEmphasizedWords{} can be added to the roots; when following a one-syllable root the suffix is often reduplicated \REF{ex:3:x435}, but the meaning is still the same as with a single causative suffix.
A: word: ir-ow-aw-ap	 gloss: climb-CAUS-CAUS-SS.SEQ
B: word: ir-ow-(ow)-eya	 gloss: go.up-CAUS-CAUS-2/3s.DS
C: word: ar-ow-amkun	 gloss: become-CAUS-1s/p.DS
D: word: biri-birin-emi	 gloss: RDP-fly-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 471:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kemuka ___ er-eya puuk-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): string ___ go-2/3s.DS cut-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the string was (long) enough she cut it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The directional verbs are very frequent as the second root in serial verbs \REF{ex:3:x287}\linebreak (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.1.2}) and as the main verb in verb plus auxiliary constructions \REF{ex:3:x288} (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.1.1}). Some of them also enter into adjunct plus verb constructions \REF{ex:3:x289} (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.2}).
A: word: eliw	 gloss: well
B: word: pepek	 gloss: enough
C: word: mauwa=ke	 gloss: what=CF
D: word: pepekim-ep	 gloss: measure-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 472:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kemuka pepek ___ puuk-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): string enough ___ cut-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the string was (long) enough she cut it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The directional verbs are very frequent as the second root in serial verbs \REF{ex:3:x287}\linebreak (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.1.2}) and as the main verb in verb plus auxiliary constructions \REF{ex:3:x288} (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.1.1}). Some of them also enter into adjunct plus verb constructions \REF{ex:3:x289} (\sectref{sec:3.8.5.2}).
A: word: aaw-om-omak-e	 gloss: get-BEN-DISTR/PL-IMP.2s
B: word: ekap-eya	 gloss: come-2/3s.DS
C: word: weeser-eya	 gloss: finish-2/3s.DS
D: word: er-eya	 gloss: go-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 473:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap on-am-ik-e-mik, ___ aakisa.
Gloss (with missing item): thus do-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p ___ now
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have been doing like that (all the time) up until now.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The meaning of the verbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ekap}- `come' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikiw}- `go' can be metaphorically extended to time, to signal time spans. The former is used when the time span is extended from the past to the present \REF{ex:3:x290}, the latter is more common when the time extends from the present to the future \REF{ex:3:x437}, but it can also refer to the past \REF{ex:3:x291}.
A: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
B: word: eliwa=i	 gloss: good=QM
C: word: ekap-e-mik	 gloss: come-PA-1/3p
D: word: ekap-ep	 gloss: come-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 474:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No naap ik-ok ___ mokoma enuma iiwawun aakun-i-nan.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM thus be-SS ___ year new altogether talk-Np-FU.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`You will be like that (long time) but next year you will talk.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The meaning of the verbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ekap}- `come' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikiw}- `go' can be metaphorically extended to time, to signal time spans. The former is used when the time span is extended from the past to the present \REF{ex:3:x290}, the latter is more common when the time extends from the present to the future \REF{ex:3:x437}, but it can also refer to the past \REF{ex:3:x291}.
A: word: fraide=pa	 gloss: Friday=LOC
B: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
C: word: ife-iki(w-e)p	 gloss: rub-go-SS.SEQ
D: word: iki(w-e)p	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 475:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Buren ___ aakisa arim-o-n.
Gloss (with missing item): ceremonial.liquid ___ now grow-PA-2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`You have kept rubbing the \textstyleEmphasizedWords{buren} liquid on (for years), and now you have grown up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The meaning of the verbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ekap}- `come' and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikiw}- `go' can be metaphorically extended to time, to signal time spans. The former is used when the time span is extended from the past to the present \REF{ex:3:x290}, the latter is more common when the time extends from the present to the future \REF{ex:3:x437}, but it can also refer to the past \REF{ex:3:x291}.
A: word: mokak-urup-o-k	 gloss: stare-ascend-PA-3s
B: word: ife-iki(w-e)p	 gloss: rub-go-SS.SEQ
C: word: iki(w-e)p	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
D: word: ek-ap	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 476:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maapora kamenap ___
Gloss (with missing item): feast how ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`How shall we discuss the feast?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Utterance verbs may be either intransitive \REF{ex:3:x309}, ambitransitive \REF{ex:3:x310}, \REF{ex:3:x1927}, or transitive \REF{ex:3:x311}. They may be used to introduce a quote complement, but not to close it. They often occur with one of the `saying' verbs described below \REF{ex:3:x310}.
A: word: aakun-i-mik	 gloss: talk-Np-PR.1/3p
B: word: uruf-ek-a-m=na	 gloss: see-CNTF-PA-1s=TP
C: word: ma-i-kuan	 gloss: say-Np-FU.3p
D: word: aakun-i-yan	 gloss: discuss-Np-FU.1p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 477:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Efa ___ ``Opora tep=pa wu-e.''
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.ACC ___ talk tape.recorder=LOC put-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`She told me, ``Put the talk on a tape recorder.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{maak}- `tell' is used in the same two main senses as its English equivalent: telling someone \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{about}} something \REF{ex:3:x312} and telling someone \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{to do}} something \REF{ex:3:x313}. In direct quote formulas it is used mainly preceding a quote \REF{ex:3:x314}, not directly following it as a short closing formula. It is not used in indirect quotes at all.
A: word: nan	 gloss: there
B: word: maak-e-mik	 gloss: tell-PA-1/3p
C: word: maak-eya	 gloss: tell-2/3s.DS
D: word: maak-ek	 gloss: tell-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 478:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ``Aaw-ep p-ekap-eka,'' ___ yia maak-em-ik-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): get-SS.SEQ BPX-come-IMP.2p ___ 1p.ACC tell-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:` ``Bring it'', they were telling us like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{maak}- closes a direct quote, it requires the manner adverb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___' to precede it \REF{ex:3:x315}:
A: word: naap=iw	 gloss: thus=INST
B: word: yos=i	 gloss: 1sg.FC=QM
C: word: naap	 gloss: thus
D: word: naapeya	 gloss: therefore
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 479:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Efa ___ ``Opora tep=pa wu-e.''
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.ACC ___ talk tape.recorder=LOC put-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`She told me, ``Put the talk on a tape recorder.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The default object for \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{maak}- is the addressee \REF{ex:3:x314} and a possible second object is the speech itself \REF{ex:3:x316}.
A: word: maak-eya	 gloss: tell-2/3s.DS
B: word: maak-e-mik	 gloss: tell-PA-1/3p
C: word: poka-poka	 gloss: RDP-trunk
D: word: maak-ek	 gloss: tell-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 480:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): En-e-mik na{\upshape\footnotemark} ___ ``Eliwa, aara oposia saarik.''
Gloss (with missing item): eat-PA-1/3p ADD ___ good hen meat like
The English translation of this sentence is:`They ate it and said, ``It is good, like chicken meat.'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ma}- `say/speak/tell' the addressee is not in focus, and is hardly ever even mentioned. Instead, the verb requires either an object referring to the speech content \REF{ex:3:x318} or an adverb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{naap} `thus' \REF{ex:3:x319} preceding the verb, or a quote complement following it \REF{ex:3:x320}.
A: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
B: word: ik-e-mik	 gloss: be-PA-1/3p
C: word: ma-e-mik	 gloss: say-PA-1/3p
D: word: en-e-mik	 gloss: eat-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 481:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wia ___ ``Yia uf-om-aka.'' Na-iwkin{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.ACC ___ 1p.ACC dance-BEN-BNFY2.IMP.2p say-2/3p.DS
The English translation of this sentence is:`They told them, ``Dance for us.'' When they said (that){\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a tail-head type construction (\sectref{sec:8.2.3.5}) it is often used as a generic verb to replace another utterance verb, when normally the first verb would be repeated \REF{ex:3:x324}.\footnote{Other types of verbs, when not repeated in a tail-head construction, are replaced with the generic verb \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{on-} `do'.}
A: word: amirika=ke	 gloss: noon=CF
B: word: ar-omak-e-mik	 gloss: become-DISTR/PL-PA-1/3p
C: word: maak-e-mik	 gloss: tell-PA-1/3p
D: word: maak-e-m	 gloss: tell-PA-1s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 482:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa eliwa=ke ___ aaw-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): thing good=CF ___ get-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I thought it was a good thing and got it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The ``speaking'' expressed by \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na}- can also be internal speech, i.e., thinking \REF{ex:3:x327}. This characteristic is quite common to speech verbs in Papuan languages. When the thinking \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{process}} itself is more in focus, an adjunct plus verb construction \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{kema} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{suuw}- `think' (literally: `push the liver') is used.
A: word: on-ap	 gloss: do-SS.SEQ
B: word: na-ep	 gloss: say-SS.SEQ
C: word: fofa	 gloss: market
D: word: na-ep=na	 gloss: say/think-SS.SEQ=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 483:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ununa owowa p-or-owa ___ maa eno-wa maneka on-i-kuan.
Gloss (with missing item): slit.gong village BPX-descend-NMZ ___ food eat-NMZ big make-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they want to take the slit gong down to the village they make a big feast.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Related to the inner speech is another usage typical of verbs for `saying' in Papuan languages: to convey desire , intention or plan \REF{ex:3:x328}--\REF{ex:3:x1608}. For this function only the same subject sequential form \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsxiiptItalic{naep} is used, and the verb that indicates the desired or intended action is in a preceding speech complement clause. This is discussed more fully in the section on complements of utterance verbs (\sectref{sec:8.3.2.1}).
A: word: on-ap	 gloss: do-SS.SEQ
B: word: nos=ke	 gloss: 2s.FC=CF
C: word: na-ep	 gloss: say-SS.SEQ
D: word: na-ep=na	 gloss: say/think-SS.SEQ=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 484:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Oro-mi ___ na-i-ya\textmd{.}
Gloss (with missing item): drop-SS.SIM ___ say-Np-PR.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When it drops it says ``plop''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na}- quite freely combines with sound words \REF{ex:3:x330}, and a number of these combinations have been lexicalized \REF{ex:3:x331}, \REF{ex:3:x332}. The onomatopoeic word has become part of the verb, and the vowel /a/ has been deleted from the verb in the process.
A: word: ekap-omak-e-mik	 gloss: come-DISTR/PL-PA-1/3p
B: word: bulak	 gloss: plop
C: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
D: word: `bulak'	 gloss: plop
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 485:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ema ___ mua erup um-e-mik. ({{\textless}} buu na-eya)
Gloss (with missing item): mountain ___ man two die-PA-1/3p ( buu say-2/3s.DS)
The English translation of this sentence is:`The mountain (=volcano) erupted and two men died.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na}- quite freely combines with sound words \REF{ex:3:x330}, and a number of these combinations have been lexicalized \REF{ex:3:x331}, \REF{ex:3:x332}. The onomatopoeic word has become part of the verb, and the vowel /a/ has been deleted from the verb in the process.
A: word: um-eya	 gloss: die-2/3s.DS
B: word: maak-e-mik	 gloss: tell-PA-1/3p
C: word: on-eya	 gloss: do-2/3s.DS
D: word: buun-eya	 gloss: erupt-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 486:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iwera yia na-em-ik-e-mik. ___ iwera wia uruk-am-ik-om-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): coconut 1p.ACC say-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p ___ coconut 3p.ACC drop-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They kept speaking to us about coconuts /asking us for coconuts. So we kept dropping coconuts for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The medial form \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na-eya} is also used as resultative connective `so, therefore' \REF{ex:3:x500} (\sectref{sec:3.11.2}).
A: word: p-or-owa	 gloss: BPX-descend-NMZ
B: word: ika-eya	 gloss: be-2/3s.DS
C: word: naeya	 gloss: So
D: word: maala	 gloss: long
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C