cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 419:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nan teeria ___ owowa pun manek-ar-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): there family ___ village also big-INCH-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The family grew big there, and the village grew big too.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verbs derived with the inchoative suffix \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ar} (\sectref{sec:3.8.2.2.2}) are mostly intransitive \REF{ex:3:x271}, \REF{ex:3:x1486}, but a few of them are transitive \REF{ex:3:x1836}.
A: word: okai(wi)=pa	 gloss: other.side=LOC
B: word: samor-ar-e-k	 gloss: bad-INCH-PA-3s
C: word: napum-ar-e-k	 gloss: sickness-INCH-PA-3s
D: word: manek-ar-e-k	 gloss: big-INCH-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 420:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa unowa oram me ___ weetak.
Gloss (with missing item): thing many just not ___ no
The English translation of this sentence is:`We don't just gain knowledge of many things (without learning them), no.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verbs derived with the inchoative suffix \nobreakdash-\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ar} (\sectref{sec:3.8.2.2.2}) are mostly intransitive \REF{ex:3:x271}, \REF{ex:3:x1486}, but a few of them are transitive \REF{ex:3:x1836}.
A: word: napum-ar-i-mik	 gloss: sickness-INCH-NP-PR.1/3p
B: word: wailal-ep	 gloss: be.hungry-SS.SEQ
C: word: amis-ar-i-mik	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-Np-PR.1/3p
D: word: amis-ar-ek-a-mik	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-CNTF-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 421:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nefa ___ ma-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.ACC ___ say-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am saying (this) because I know you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Besides the prototypical transitive verbs with an agent subject and a patient-of-change object \citep[96]{Givon1984} like \REF{ex:3:x295} and \REF{ex:3:x296}, also many verbs of perception \REF{ex:3:x297}, cognition \REF{ex:3:x298} and emotion \REF{ex:3:x299} are transitive.
A: word: amis-ar-ep	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-SS.SEQ
B: word: maneka/gelemuta	 gloss: big/little
C: word: amis-ar-ek-a-mik	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-CNTF-PA-1/3p
D: word: i'men-ar-ep	 gloss: find-INCH-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 422:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yena mua=ke efa ___ manin(a) uuw-owa efa asip-i-ya.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.GEN man 1s.ACC ___ garden work-NMZ 1s.ACC help-Np-PR.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`My husband likes me and helps me in the garden.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Besides the prototypical transitive verbs with an agent subject and a patient-of-change object \citep[96]{Givon1984} like \REF{ex:3:x295} and \REF{ex:3:x296}, also many verbs of perception \REF{ex:3:x297}, cognition \REF{ex:3:x298} and emotion \REF{ex:3:x299} are transitive.
A: word: na-ep	 gloss: say-SS.SEQ
B: word: niarik	 gloss: 2p.DAT
C: word: kookal-ep	 gloss: like-SS.SEQ
D: word: kookal-ek-a-k=na	 gloss: like-CNTF-PA-3s=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 423:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (Yo) ___ uruf-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): I ___ see-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I see.' (=I see something, or: I can see.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there is no other overt object available for a transitive verb, the maximally generic noun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___'\footnote{The semantic area of \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{the morpheme ___} is at least as wide that of its English equivalent `its gloss ___'. Because it is used so often with verbs denoting eating and preparing food, it has acquired a secondary meaning `food'.} is used as a dummy object \REF{ex:3:x300}, \REF{ex:3:x1825}. Compare the next two examples: in \REF{ex:3:x300} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} is added because of syntactic requirements, whereas in \REF{ex:3:x301} the lack of an overt object indicates a third person singular object.
A: word: -weetak/wia	 gloss: -no
B: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
C: word: maa	 gloss: thing
D: word: ikoka	 gloss: later
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 424:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iir oko ___ enim-i-yem, iir oko maa me enim-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): time other ___ eat-Np-PR.1s time other thing not eat-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sometimes I eat, sometimes I don't eat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there is no other overt object available for a transitive verb, the maximally generic noun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___'\footnote{The semantic area of \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{the morpheme ___} is at least as wide that of its English equivalent `its gloss ___'. Because it is used so often with verbs denoting eating and preparing food, it has acquired a secondary meaning `food'.} is used as a dummy object \REF{ex:3:x300}, \REF{ex:3:x1825}. Compare the next two examples: in \REF{ex:3:x300} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} is added because of syntactic requirements, whereas in \REF{ex:3:x301} the lack of an overt object indicates a third person singular object.
A: word: siipepe	 gloss: Siipepe
B: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
C: word: maa	 gloss: thing
D: word: iki(w)-(e)p	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 425:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iir oko maa enim-i-yem, iir oko ___ me enim-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): time other thing eat-Np-PR.1s time other ___ not eat-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sometimes I eat, sometimes I don't eat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there is no other overt object available for a transitive verb, the maximally generic noun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___'\footnote{The semantic area of \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{the morpheme ___} is at least as wide that of its English equivalent `its gloss ___'. Because it is used so often with verbs denoting eating and preparing food, it has acquired a secondary meaning `food'.} is used as a dummy object \REF{ex:3:x300}, \REF{ex:3:x1825}. Compare the next two examples: in \REF{ex:3:x300} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} is added because of syntactic requirements, whereas in \REF{ex:3:x301} the lack of an overt object indicates a third person singular object.
A: word: akua-aaw-om-owa	 gloss: shoulder-take-BEN-NMZ
B: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
C: word: maa	 gloss: thing
D: word: soo=pa	 gloss: trap=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 426:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (Yo) ___ uruf-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): I ___ see-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I see.' (=I see something, or: I can see.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If there is no other overt object available for a transitive verb, the maximally generic noun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___'\footnote{The semantic area of \textstyleFootnoteBaseChar{the morpheme ___} is at least as wide that of its English equivalent `its gloss ___'. Because it is used so often with verbs denoting eating and preparing food, it has acquired a secondary meaning `food'.} is used as a dummy object \REF{ex:3:x300}, \REF{ex:3:x1825}. Compare the next two examples: in \REF{ex:3:x300} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} is added because of syntactic requirements, whereas in \REF{ex:3:x301} the lack of an overt object indicates a third person singular object.
A: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
B: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
C: word: amiten=ke	 gloss: Amiten=CF
D: word: maa	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 427:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nefa ___ nan kerer-e-n.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.ACC ___ there arrive-PA-2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`As they were wondering about you, you arrived there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The language-specific characteristic of syntactic transitivity \citep[49--51]{Kittila2002} is illustrated by a number of verbs that are transitive in Mauwake but intransitive in English: \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{aner-} `aim (at), refer (to)' \REF{ex:3:x302}, \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ikum-} `wonder (about)' \REF{ex:3:x303}, \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{kerew-} `be angry (at)'.
A: word: uruf-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
B: word: on-am-ik-eya	 gloss: do-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: kaan=eke	 gloss: where=CF
D: word: ikum-am-ika-iwkin	 gloss: wonder.about-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 428:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nena panewowa pun ___ opora\textsubscript{O} yia\textsubscript{O} maak-i-n.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.GEN old also ___ talk 1p.ACC tell-Np-PR.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`You yourself -- an old person too! -- tell us lies.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are a few verbs that require an undergoer object, but usually have recipient object as well. The verbs \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ofakow}- `show, teach' \REF{ex:3:x1838} and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{maak}- `tell' \REF{ex:3:x943} are the most common of these.\footnote{The verb `send' is cross-linguistically typically ditransitive, but in Mauwake it requires the benefactive suffix in order to be able to take a second object.}
A: word: ena	 gloss: SPEC
B: word: wadola	 gloss: lie/false
C: word: wadol	 gloss: lie
D: word: aruf-eya	 gloss: hit-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 429:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {\dots}ona wiawi ___ ikiw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.GEN 3s/p.father ___ go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`{\dots}she went to her father.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The directional verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.4.4.5}) could be treated as weakly transitive, in which case the goal \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, which is never marked with the locative clitic -pa, could be a locative object. There are two main reasons against this analysis. When the goal of a directional verb is a personal pronoun, the dative case is used rather than the accusative \REF{ex:3:x1870}.
A: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
B: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
C: word: mua	 gloss: man
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 430:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kerer-ep ___ soomare-miaw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): arrive-SS.SEQ ___ walk-move.around-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They arrived and walked around there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also, if the directional verbs were considered weakly transitive and the the goal a locative object, the locative adverb the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' in the following clauses would be treated as a locative adverb in \REF{ex:3:x1871} but as a locative object in \REF{ex:3:x1872}:
A: word: auwa	 gloss: 1s/p.father
B: word: fan	 gloss: here
C: word: yi-i-nan=i	 gloss: give.me-Np-FU.2s=QM
D: word: nan	 gloss: there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 431:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Or-op ___ ikiw-ep wia uruf-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): descend-SS.SEQ ___ go-SS.SEQ 3p.ACC see-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He went down and went there and saw them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also, if the directional verbs were considered weakly transitive and the the goal a locative object, the locative adverb the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' in the following clauses would be treated as a locative adverb in \REF{ex:3:x1871} but as a locative object in \REF{ex:3:x1872}:
A: word: fan	 gloss: here
B: word: nain	 gloss: that1
C: word: yi-i-nan=i	 gloss: give.me-Np-FU.2s=QM
D: word: nan	 gloss: there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 432:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ om-em-ik-eya epa wiim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ cry-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS place dawn-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`While she was mourning for me it dawned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although most verb roots in Mauwake are clearly transitive or intransitive, there are a few that are ambitransitive \REF{ex:3:x1827}--\REF{ex:3:x1060}. Many of their English equivalents would be intransitive. Only the following roots have been found to be neutral with regard to transitivity (\tabref{tab:3:ambitransitives}). Of them \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ofof}- and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{taan}- are of the S=O type, where the intransitive subject is an undergoer; the others are of the S=A type, where the intransitive subject is an actor \citep[124]{Dixon2010b}.
A: word: efa	 gloss: 1s.ACC
B: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
C: word: eefin	 gloss: that2
D: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 433:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Efa ___ epa wiim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.ACC ___ place dawn-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`While she was mourning for me it dawned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although most verb roots in Mauwake are clearly transitive or intransitive, there are a few that are ambitransitive \REF{ex:3:x1827}--\REF{ex:3:x1060}. Many of their English equivalents would be intransitive. Only the following roots have been found to be neutral with regard to transitivity (\tabref{tab:3:ambitransitives}). Of them \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ofof}- and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{taan}- are of the S=O type, where the intransitive subject is an undergoer; the others are of the S=A type, where the intransitive subject is an actor \citep[124]{Dixon2010b}.
A: word: om-em-ik-eya	 gloss: cry-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: om-em-ik-ua	 gloss: cry-SS.SIM-be-3s.PA
C: word: ifakim-em-ik-eya	 gloss: beat-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: ika-i-non	 gloss: be-Np-FU.3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 434:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kemuka nain ___ er-eya onak ona wiar puuk-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): string that1 ___ go-2/3s.DS 3s/p.mother 3s.GEN 3.DAT cut-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the string was (long) enough, their mother herself cut it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject of the adjunct plus verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___ er}- `be its gloss ___, suffice' is typically inanimate \REF{ex:3:x1058}, whereas the object, when there is one, is usually human \REF{ex:3:x306}.
A: word: pepek	 gloss: enough
B: word: pepekim-ep	 gloss: measure-SS.SEQ
C: word: is=iw	 gloss: 1p.FC=LIM
D: word: eliw	 gloss: well
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 435:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kemuka nain pepek ___ onak ona wiar puuk-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): string that1 enough ___ 3s/p.mother 3s.GEN 3.DAT cut-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the string was (long) enough, their mother herself cut it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject of the adjunct plus verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pepek er}- `be enough, suffice' is typically inanimate \REF{ex:3:x1058}, whereas the object, when there is one, is usually human \REF{ex:3:x306}.
A: word: urup-em-ik-eya	 gloss: ascend-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: er-eya	 gloss: go-2/3s.DS
C: word: weeser-eya	 gloss: finish-2/3s.DS
D: word: ekap-eya	 gloss: come-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 436:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pepek er-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ enough come/go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`It was enough for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject of the adjunct plus verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pepek er}- `be enough, suffice' is typically inanimate \REF{ex:3:x1058}, whereas the object, when there is one, is usually human \REF{ex:3:x306}.
A: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
B: word: war-iwkin	 gloss: shoot-2/3p.DS
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D