cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 221:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Baurar-ep Bogia kame ___ ikiw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): run.away-SS.SEQ Bogia area ___ go-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They ran away to the Bogia area.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A locative phrase referring to a village or village area including its inhabitants is commonly used with a dative pronoun as well \REF{ex:3:x586}, otherwise it refers to just the location rather than the inhabitants. The pronoun may be used with towns or bigger areas as well, but the bigger the location, the less probable the pronoun is. In \REF{ex:3:x587} the people ran away to the people in the Bogia area, whereas in \REF{ex:3:x1802} the people of Bogia town may not have been involved in the burial at all. In \REF{ex:3:x1800} the speaker was going to the Highlands, not in order to meet the Highlanders but to work in a location there.
A: word: ikiw-eya	 gloss: go-2/3s.DS
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 222:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I sira naap ___ ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM custom thus ___ be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have a custom like that.' (Lit: `A custom like that is to us.)'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically a \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{possessive predicate}} construction, a `have' construction, has often been derived from a locative or a goal/dative construction, plus a verb of existence \citep[50--61]{Heine1997}. In the possessive predicates in Mauwake the dative pronoun precedes the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{-} `be' \REF{ex:3:x1788} The possessive predicate construction is discussed in more detail in \sectref{sec:5.5.2}. .
A: word: yiar-uk	 gloss: shoot.us-IMP.3p
B: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
C: word: niar	 gloss: 2p.DAT
D: word: ele-eliwa	 gloss: RDP-good
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 223:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nos=ke anane urema ___ ikum-ar-i-n.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.FC=CF always bandicoot ___ illicitly-INCH-Np-PR.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`You always steal bandicoots from me / my bandicoots.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same dative pronoun has also grammaticalized as a possessive attribute in a noun phrase , but here it is the semantic function of [+\textstyleEmphasizedWords{{human}}] \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{source}} that is behind the development. Conceptually the structures `\textstyleAcronymallcaps{X} took \textstyleAcronymallcaps{Y} from me' and `\textstyleAcronymallcaps{X} took my \textstyleAcronymallcaps{Y}' are very close. In \REF{ex:3:x581} \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} can mean either `my' or `from me'.
A: word: puuk-ap	 gloss: cut-SS.SEQ
B: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
C: word: maak-iwkin=na	 gloss: tell-2/3p.DS=TP
D: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 224:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A, yo aamun nan ___ ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): ah 1s.UNM younger.sibling there ___ be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ah, there is my younger brother.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: That it is difficult to distinguish between the roles of possessor and source is not unusual.\footnote{Sometimes it is hard to distinguish even between a possessor and a goal. In the following sentence the morpheme ___ could also mean `to my place/house', with the head noun deleted: Yo me the morpheme ___ ekap-e! [1s.\textsc{unm} not 1s.\textsc{dat} come-\textsc{imp}.2s] `Don't come to me!' } \citet[133]{Heine1997} mentions that early in the grammaticalization process ``these expressions can simultaneously be interpreted with reference to either their non-posses\-sive source or to possession.'' In \REF{ex:3:x1861} and \REF{ex:3:x1862} the source interpretation is not possible. The example \REF{ex:3:x1862} describes a situation in future when the speaker will already be dead and his son is made to lose his inheritance.
A: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
B: word: unow(a)	 gloss: many
C: word: muf-owa	 gloss: pull-NMZ
D: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 225:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa ___ kuuf-owa ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): village ___ see-NMZ come-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They came to see our village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This grammaticalization probably started with the verbs denoting taking and getting, but it is only a short step from there to interpreting the dative as a possessor with other verbs as well, especially as it is likely that the dative pronoun was already earlier established in the possessive predicate structure \REF{ex:3:x1789}--\REF{ex:3:x1795}.
A: word: yiar-uk	 gloss: shoot.us-IMP.3p
B: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
C: word: niar	 gloss: 2p.DAT
D: word: kue-puuk-ap	 gloss: bite-cut-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 226:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No me emeria ___ maak-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM not woman ___ tell-Np-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We are not telling/talking to your wife.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This grammaticalization probably started with the verbs denoting taking and getting, but it is only a short step from there to interpreting the dative as a possessor with other verbs as well, especially as it is likely that the dative pronoun was already earlier established in the possessive predicate structure \REF{ex:3:x1789}--\REF{ex:3:x1795}.
A: word: ir-ami	 gloss: come-SS.SIM
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
D: word: na-i-mik	 gloss: say-NP-PR.1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 227:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Buburia koora ___ aw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): bald house ___ burn-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The bald man's house burned (on him).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the possessive is often associated with malefactive overtones as in \REF{ex:3:x1787} and \REF{ex:3:x1792}, this is not part of its meaning \REF{ex:3:x1791}, \REF{ex:3:x1790}.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: fain	 gloss: this
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 228:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Irak-emi amina ___ fo-fook-omak-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): fight-SS.SIM pot ___ RDP-split-DISTR/PL-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They\textsubscript{i} fought and split their\textsubscript{j} pots.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the possessive is often associated with malefactive overtones as in \REF{ex:3:x1787} and \REF{ex:3:x1792}, this is not part of its meaning \REF{ex:3:x1791}, \REF{ex:3:x1790}.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: oro-oro-oro-oro-mi	 gloss: RDP-RDP-RDP-descend-SS.SIM
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 229:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Auwa afura ___ akim-ap=ko uruf-e.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s/p.father lime ___ try-SS.SEQ=NF see-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Try father's lime and see (what it is like).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the possessive is often associated with malefactive overtones as in \REF{ex:3:x1787} and \REF{ex:3:x1792}, this is not part of its meaning \REF{ex:3:x1791}, \REF{ex:3:x1790}.
A: word: eefan	 gloss: there2
B: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
C: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 230:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ikiwosa ___ pepekim-ep kaik-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): head ___ measure-SS.SEQ tie-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I measured her head and tied it (a cane).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the possessive is often associated with malefactive overtones as in \REF{ex:3:x1787} and \REF{ex:3:x1792}, this is not part of its meaning \REF{ex:3:x1791}, \REF{ex:3:x1790}.
A: word: kuisow	 gloss: one
B: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 231:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yena eremena=ke ___ siowa aruf-eya kepura ku-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.GEN nephew=CF ___ dog hit-2/3s.DS leg break-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`My nephew\textsubscript{i} hit his\textsubscript{i} dog and its leg broke.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The dative possessive construction is particularly useful for disambiguating between the subject and the possessor, if both of them are in third person. The following two pairs of examples, \REF{ex:3:x1797}--\REF{ex:3:x1796} and \REF{ex:3:x1798}--\REF{ex:3:x1799} show this clearly. The corresponding English sentences are ambiguous, whereas the Mauwake sentences are not:
A: word: erup=i	 gloss: two=QM
B: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
C: word: onaiya	 gloss: with
D: word: ona	 gloss: 3s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 232:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yena eremena=ke siowa ___ aruf-eya kepura ku-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.GEN nephew=CF dog ___ hit-2/3s.DS leg break-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`My nephew\textsubscript{i} hit his/her\textsubscript{j} dog and its leg broke.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The dative possessive construction is particularly useful for disambiguating between the subject and the possessor, if both of them are in third person. The following two pairs of examples, \REF{ex:3:x1797}--\REF{ex:3:x1796} and \REF{ex:3:x1798}--\REF{ex:3:x1799} show this clearly. The corresponding English sentences are ambiguous, whereas the Mauwake sentences are not:
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: amis-ar-ep	 gloss: knowledge-INCH-SS.SEQ
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 233:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wis=ke wiawi ___ maak-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.FC=CF 3s/p.father ___ tell-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`(It was) they\textsubscript{i} (who) told their\textsubscript{j} father.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The dative possessive construction is particularly useful for disambiguating between the subject and the possessor, if both of them are in third person. The following two pairs of examples, \REF{ex:3:x1797}--\REF{ex:3:x1796} and \REF{ex:3:x1798}--\REF{ex:3:x1799} show this clearly. The corresponding English sentences are ambiguous, whereas the Mauwake sentences are not:
A: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: eefin	 gloss: that2
D: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 234:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Marasin nain=ke kema ___ iw-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): medicine that1=CF liver ___ go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The medicine went into his liver.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Currently the dative possessive has to be used when the possessor is non-coreferential with the subject or recipient of the clause \REF{ex:3:x588}--\REF{ex:3:x1794}.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nan	 gloss: there
C: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 235:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pina ... ___ kaken-ami welaw-i-kuan.
Gloss (with missing item): guilt ... ___ straighten-SS.SIM finish-Np-FU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They will straighten your(sg) {\dots} guilt and finish it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Currently the dative possessive has to be used when the possessor is non-coreferential with the subject or recipient of the clause \REF{ex:3:x588}--\REF{ex:3:x1794}.
A: word: miim-am-ika-i-kuan	 gloss: hear-SS.SIM-be-Np-FU.3p
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
D: word: owawiya	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 236:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yena muuka erup ___ aaw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.GEN son two ___ take-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He took my two sons.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the possessor function the dative pronoun does not co-occur with the accusative pronoun in the same clause \REF{ex:3:x584}. In the rare occasion where there would be rivalry for the position immediately preceding the verb, the accusative is chosen \REF{ex:3:x583} rather than the dative \REF{ex:3:x1928}.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
C: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
D: word: wafur-om-e	 gloss: throw-BEN-BNFY1.IMP.2s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 237:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ?Yena muuka erup ___ aaw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.GEN son two ___ take-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: %
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the possessor function the dative pronoun does not co-occur with the accusative pronoun in the same clause \REF{ex:3:x584}. In the rare occasion where there would be rivalry for the position immediately preceding the verb, the accusative is chosen \REF{ex:3:x583} rather than the dative \REF{ex:3:x1928}.
A: word: efar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: mik-amkun	 gloss: spear-1s/p.DS
D: word: yos=ke	 gloss: 1s=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 238:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): O ___ nefa sesek-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.UNM ___ 2s.ACC send-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am sending you to him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But if the dative pronoun has the semantic role of goal, it may co-occur with an accusative pronoun; in this case it precedes the accusative pronoun \REF{ex:3:x1576}.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: efa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 239:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): O wiar ___ sesek-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.UNM 3.DAT ___ send-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am sending you to him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But if the dative pronoun has the semantic role of goal, it may co-occur with an accusative pronoun; in this case it precedes the accusative pronoun \REF{ex:3:x1576}.
A: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
B: word: kamenap	 gloss: what.like
C: word: nefa	 gloss: 2s.ACC
D: word: yia	 gloss: 1s.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C