cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 132:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Waaya mik-amkun ___ um-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): pig spear-1s/p.DS ___ die-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I speared the pig it died completely.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following non-numeral quantifiers also function as degree/intensity adverbs, modifying a verb: \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{lawiliw} \REF{ex:3:x511}, \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{senam} \REF{ex:3:x512}, \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} \REF{ex:3:x513}, and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{wenup} (\sectref{sec:3.9.2}).
A: word: pina	 gloss: guilt
B: word: iiwawun	 gloss: altogether
C: word: miiwa	 gloss: land
D: word: naapeya	 gloss: therefore
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 133:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yabuela ___ enak-e.
Gloss (with missing item): pawpaw ___ feed.me-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Give me half of the pawpaw to eat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{Fractions}} are hard to express in Mauwake.\footnote{I have not seen fractions treated in grammars of Papuan languages, but know from discussions with colleagues that translating fractions is a major problem not only in Mauwake but in other Papuan languages as well.} The noun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{enakiwa} `half' is sometimes also used for unspecified `part', and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___} `one/other side' can be used for `half', when a clearly bounded entity is divided in half \REF{ex:3:x104}. I have not found other terms indicating fractions. Longer expressions are needed for them e.g. `divide into ten parts and take one part'.
A: word: fan-e-k	 gloss: here-PA-3s
B: word: p-ikiw-ep	 gloss: BPX-go-SS.SEQ
C: word: okaiwi	 gloss: one.side
D: word: okaiwi=pa	 gloss: other.side=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 134:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ fain=ke ekap-eka!
Gloss (with missing item): ___ this=CF come-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`You here (or: This group of you), come!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is a fairly common feature in languages that pronouns can either modify a noun in a \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} or replace a full \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, but cannot be the head of a \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} taking modifiers \citep[e.g.][]{ HakulinenEtAl1979,Saari1985,Roberts1987}. In Mauwake the personal pronouns usually occur without modifiers, but they \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{can}} be modified by a demonstrative, provided there is no collocational clash between the demonstrative and the personal pronoun \REF{ex:3:x530}, \REF{ex:3:x531}.
A: word: ku-ku-ep	 gloss: RDP-break-SS.SEQ
B: word: in-em-ik-e-mik	 gloss: sleep-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
C: word: nis	 gloss: 2p.FC
D: word: ni	 gloss: 2s.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 135:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ni ___ ekap-eka!
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM ___ come-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`You here (or: This group of you), come!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is a fairly common feature in languages that pronouns can either modify a noun in a \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} or replace a full \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, but cannot be the head of a \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} taking modifiers \citep[e.g.][]{ HakulinenEtAl1979,Saari1985,Roberts1987}. In Mauwake the personal pronouns usually occur without modifiers, but they \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{can}} be modified by a demonstrative, provided there is no collocational clash between the demonstrative and the personal pronoun \REF{ex:3:x530}, \REF{ex:3:x531}.
A: word: enuma	 gloss: new
B: word: kain=ke	 gloss: which=CF
C: word: nain=ke	 gloss: that=CF
D: word: fain=ke	 gloss: this=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 136:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nain fan me ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ that1 here not be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He is not here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is a fairly cthe morpheme ___mmthe morpheme ___n feature in languages that prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___uns can either mthe morpheme ___dify a nthe morpheme ___un in a \textstyleAcrthe morpheme ___nymallcaps{np} the morpheme ___r replace a full \textstyleAcrthe morpheme ___nymallcaps{np}, but cannthe morpheme ___t be the head the morpheme ___f a \textstyleAcrthe morpheme ___nymallcaps{np} taking mthe morpheme ___difiers \citep[e.g.][]{ HakulinenEtAl1979,Saari1985,Rthe morpheme ___berts1987}. In Mauwake the persthe morpheme ___nal prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___uns usually the morpheme ___ccur withthe morpheme ___ut mthe morpheme ___difiers, but they \textstyleEmphasizedWthe morpheme ___rds{{can}} be mthe morpheme ___dified by a demthe morpheme ___nstrative, prthe morpheme ___vided there is nthe morpheme ___ cthe morpheme ___llthe morpheme ___catithe morpheme ___nal clash between the demthe morpheme ___nstrative and the persthe morpheme ___nal prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un \REF{ex:3:x530}, \REF{ex:3:x531}.
A: word: owow	 gloss: village
B: word: o	 gloss: 3s.UNM
C: word: ikur=i	 gloss: five=QM
D: word: maa	 gloss: thing/food
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 137:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): O ___ fan me ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): 3s.UNM ___ here not be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He is not here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is a fairly common feature in languages that pronouns can either modify a noun in a \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} or replace a full \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, but cannot be the head of a \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} taking modifiers \citep[e.g.][]{ HakulinenEtAl1979,Saari1985,Roberts1987}. In Mauwake the personal pronouns usually occur without modifiers, but they \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{can}} be modified by a demonstrative, provided there is no collocational clash between the demonstrative and the personal pronoun \REF{ex:3:x530}, \REF{ex:3:x531}.
A: word: nain	 gloss: that1
B: word: naisow	 gloss: 2s.ISOL
C: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
D: word: eefin	 gloss: that2
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 138:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maneka fain wie ___ eliw wiar op-i-kuan.
Gloss (with missing item): big this uncle ___ well 3.DAT grab-NpFU.3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`These big ones the uncles may take from her.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A pronoun copy after a full \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} is hardly ever used in Mauwake for the subject. The rare example \REF{ex:3:x683} is from a hortatory text and may show rhetoric style:
A: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
B: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
C: word: er-eya	 gloss: go-2/3s.DS
D: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 139:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ iperowa wi-ena ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ middle.aged 3p-GEN come-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The middle-aged (people) themselves came.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The example \REF{ex:3:x532} is not a case of a genuine pronoun copy, since the genitive pronoun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___ena} adds the emphasizing meaning `themselves':
A: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
B: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
C: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
D: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 140:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi iperowa ___ ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM middle.aged ___ come-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The middle-aged (people) themselves came.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The example \REF{ex:3:x532} is not a case of a genuine pronoun copy, since the genitive pronoun \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{wiena} adds the emphasizing meaning `themselves':
A: word: akena	 gloss: very
B: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
C: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
D: word: en-ow=iw	 gloss: eat-NMZ=INST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 141:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Irak-owa=ke kerer-eya ___ puk-omak-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): fight-NMZ=CF appear-2/3p.DS ___ disperse-DISTR.PL-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the fight started they (many) dispersed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The main use of the unmarked pronouns is as subjects. In narratives, only the person marking on the verb, rather than a pronoun, is used for an established, continuing subject/topic (\sectref{sec:9.2.2}). Especially third person unmarked pronouns marking the subject are quite rare in narrative texts \REF{ex:3:x533}, \REF{ex:3:x534}; first person pronouns are relatively much more common \REF{ex:3:x1803} \citep[79--80]{Jarvinen1991}.
A: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
B: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
C: word: er-eya	 gloss: go-2/3s.DS
D: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 142:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ koora=pa naap ik-ok um-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ house=LOC thus be-SS die-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`She was like that in the house and died.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The main use the morpheme ___f the unmarked prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___uns is as subjects. In narratives, the morpheme ___nly the persthe morpheme ___n marking the morpheme ___n the verb, rather than a prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___un, is used fthe morpheme ___r an established, cthe morpheme ___ntinuing subject/tthe morpheme ___pic (\sectref{sec:9.2.2}). Especially third persthe morpheme ___n unmarked prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___uns marking the subject are quite rare in narrative texts \REF{ex:3:x533}, \REF{ex:3:x534}; first persthe morpheme ___n prthe morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___uns are relatively much mthe morpheme ___re cthe morpheme ___mmthe morpheme ___n \REF{ex:3:x1803} \citep[79--80]{Jarvinen1991}.
A: word: owow	 gloss: village
B: word: o	 gloss: 3s.UNM
C: word: kamenion	 gloss: or.what
D: word: nie	 gloss: 2s/p.uncle
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 143:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Bogia=pa nan wu-ap ___ kiiriw ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): Bogia=LOC there put-SS.SEQ ___ again come-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We buried his body (lit: put it) there in Bogia and came (back) again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The mathe morpheme ___n use of the unmarked pronouns the morpheme ___s as subjects. In narratthe morpheme ___ves, only the person markthe morpheme ___ng on the verb, rather than a pronoun, the morpheme ___s used for an establthe morpheme ___shed, contthe morpheme ___nuthe morpheme ___ng subject/topthe morpheme ___c (\sectref{sec:9.2.2}). Especthe morpheme ___ally ththe morpheme ___rd person unmarked pronouns markthe morpheme ___ng the subject are quthe morpheme ___te rare the morpheme ___n narratthe morpheme ___ve texts \REF{ex:3:x533}, \REF{ex:3:x534}; fthe morpheme ___rst person pronouns are relatthe morpheme ___vely much more common \REF{ex:3:x1803} \cthe morpheme ___tep[79--80]{Jarvthe morpheme ___nen1991}.
A: word: i	 gloss: 1p.UNM
B: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
C: word: poka-poka	 gloss: RDP-trunk
D: word: ikiw-i-nan=i	 gloss: go-Np-FU.2s=QM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 144:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ or-u.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ descend-IMP.1d
The English translation of this sentence is:`Let's go down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, wthe morpheme ___th the morpheme ___mperatthe morpheme ___ve verbs the subject pronoun the morpheme ___s common (\sectref{sec:3.5.11}, \sectref{sec:3.8.3.3.2}, \sectref{sec:7.3}). In ththe morpheme ___s Mauwake provthe morpheme ___des an the morpheme ___nterestthe morpheme ___ng exceptthe morpheme ___on to a very strong cross-lthe morpheme ___nguthe morpheme ___stthe morpheme ___c tendency of droppthe morpheme ___ng subject pronouns the morpheme ___n the morpheme ___mperatthe morpheme ___ve clauses (\cthe morpheme ___tealt[80]{Gthe morpheme ___von1979}; \cthe morpheme ___tealt[173--174]{SadockEtAl1985}). In ththe morpheme ___s posthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___on the pronoun the morpheme ___s usually unstressed \REF{ex:3:x1771}, \REF{ex:3:x1772}, unless the morpheme ___t the morpheme ___s contrasted wthe morpheme ___th the subject of another clause coordthe morpheme ___nated wthe morpheme ___th the the morpheme ___mperatthe morpheme ___ve clause \REF{ex:3:x1780}.
A: word: i	 gloss: 1p.UNM
B: word: wiam	 gloss: 3p.REFL
C: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
D: word: onak-e	 gloss: give.to.eat-IMP.2s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 145:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ feeke ik-e, yo Amerika wia akup-ikiw-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ here.CF be-IMP.2s 1s.UNM America 3p.ACC search-go-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`You stay here, I will go searching the Americans.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, with imperative verbs the subject prothe morpheme ___un is common (\sectref{sec:3.5.11}, \sectref{sec:3.8.3.3.2}, \sectref{sec:7.3}). In this Mauwake provides an interesting exception to a very strong cross-linguistic tendency of dropping subject prothe morpheme ___uns in imperative clauses (\citealt[80]{Givon1979}; \citealt[173--174]{SadockEtAl1985}). In this position the prothe morpheme ___un is usually unstressed \REF{ex:3:x1771}, \REF{ex:3:x1772}, unless it is contrasted with the subject of athe morpheme ___ther clause coordinated with the imperative clause \REF{ex:3:x1780}.
A: word: unowiya	 gloss: all
B: word: no	 gloss: 2s.UNM
C: word: amukar-ek-a-n	 gloss: scold-CNTF-PA-2s
D: word: arew-ap-ika-iwkin	 gloss: wait-SS.SEQ-be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 146:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Muuka, ___ aakisa emeria aaw-e!
Gloss (with missing item): son ___ now woman take-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Son, take a wife now!' (i.e. Son, it is time you got married.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In an imperative clause the subject prothe morpheme ___un may also be used appositionally with a \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} that has vocative function, to address a person \REF{ex:3:x627}.
A: word: kekan-eya	 gloss: strong-2/3.DS
B: word: unowiya	 gloss: all
C: word: ar-ow-amkun	 gloss: become-CAUS-1s/p.DS
D: word: no	 gloss: 2s.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 147:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ikiw-ep moma perek-eka!
Gloss (with missing item): ___ go-SS.SEQ taro pull.out-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Go and pull out (i.e. harvest) taro!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A sentence-ithe morpheme ___tial subject pronoun is quite common, when one or more same-subject medial clauses precede the imperative final clause and the scope of the imperative extends backwards over all the verbs \REF{ex:3:x628}:
A: word: ir-am-ik-eya	 gloss: rise-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: ni	 gloss: 2p.UNM
C: word: ifakim-o-n	 gloss: kill-PA-2s
D: word: nis	 gloss: 2p.FC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 148:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ uf-ep-na ni maadara me iirar-eka{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): ___ dance-SS.SEQ=TP 2s.UNM forehead.ornament not remove-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`If/when you have danced, do not remove the forehead ornaments {\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The only example in the text data of a subject pronoun repeated in the final clause is a case where the medial clause is subordinated with the topic marker -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{na} \REF{ex:3:x1776}:
A: word: nis	 gloss: 2p.FC
B: word: um-i-nen	 gloss: die-Np-FU.1s
C: word: ni	 gloss: 2p.UNM
D: word: marasin=ke	 gloss: poison=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C