cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 487:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa ___ soomar-eka.
Gloss (with missing item): food ___ walk-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Having finished eating you may go.' (Lit: `Eat the food and go'.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The auxiliary \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pu}- `completive', is obviously derived from \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{wu}- `put'\footnote{`Put' is one of the verbs commonly used in Papuan languages to indicate completion \citep[145]{Foley1986}.} through assimilation with the final /p/ of the same-subject sequential form in the main verb preceding it \REF{ex:3:x343}, \REF{ex:3:x501} . Synchronically, the Mauwake speakers do not recognise the origin of the auxiliary.
A: word: aaw-om-omak-e	 gloss: get-BEN-DISTR/PL-IMP.2s
B: word: en-ep	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ
C: word: en-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
D: word: en-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 488:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nan efa ___ o Ulingan ikiw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): there1 1s.ACC ___ 3s.UNM Ulingan go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He left (lit: put) me there and went to Ulingan.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The auxiliary \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pu}- `completive', is obviously derived from \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{wu}- `put'\footnote{`Put' is one of the verbs commonly used in Papuan languages to indicate completion \citep[145]{Foley1986}.} through assimilation with the final /p/ of the same-subject sequential form in the main verb preceding it \REF{ex:3:x343}, \REF{ex:3:x501} . Synchronically, the Mauwake speakers do not recognise the origin of the auxiliary.
A: word: wu-ap-pu-ami	 gloss: put-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
B: word: poka-poka	 gloss: RDP-trunk
C: word: maak-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: tell-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
D: word: en-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 489:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ifara ___ ifara oko uruf-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): vine ___ vine other see-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He kept looking for a vine and saw one vine.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verbal clusters are described here under verb morphology, because they function as a unit very much like single verbs. There are two kinds of verbal clusters: verbal groups and adjunct plus verb constructions. The definition of a verbal group is from \citet[175]{Halliday1994}: ``a sequence of words in the primary class of verb'' \REF{ex:3:x347}.
A: word: ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-SS
B: word: unowa	 gloss: many
C: word: mokak-ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: stare-go-SS.SIM-be-SS
D: word: buburia	 gloss: bald
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 490:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owora efar ___ aaw-iwkin wia maak-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): betelnut 1s.DAT ___ get-2/3p.DS 3p.ACC tell-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`They stole my betelnut and I talked to them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adjunct plus verb combinations\footnote{\citet[184]{Halliday1994} calls these ``phrasal verbs''.} contain a verb (or a verbal group) plus an element from another word class that is obligatory and contributes to the meaning of the verb \REF{ex:3:x348}.
A: word: kue-puuk-ap	 gloss: bite-cut-SS.SEQ
B: word: ikum	 gloss: illicitly
C: word: emi	 gloss: forbidden
D: word: ikum-i-mik	 gloss: wonder.about-NP-PR.1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 491:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owora efar ikum ___ wia maak-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): betelnut 1s.DAT illicitly ___ 3p.ACC tell-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`They stole my betelnut and I talked to them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adjunct plus verb combinations\footnote{\citet[184]{Halliday1994} calls these ``phrasal verbs''.} contain a verb (or a verbal group) plus an element from another word class that is obligatory and contributes to the meaning of the verb \REF{ex:3:x348}.
A: word: aaw-iwkin	 gloss: get-2/3p.DS
B: word: nia	 gloss: 2p.ACC
C: word: ekap-iwkin	 gloss: come-2/3p.DS
D: word: saawirin-ow-iwkin	 gloss: round-CAUS-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 492:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ owowa or-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ village descend-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He hung it up and went/came down to the village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The completive aspect verb is often used in a medial same-subject sequential form, which in itself only indicates sequentiality but often implies completion of the first action as well \REF{ex:3:x362}--\REF{ex:3:x1042}.
A: word: wakesim-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: cover-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
B: word: serer-iw-ap	 gloss: hang-go-SS.SEQ
C: word: sererim-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: hang-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
D: word: fien-owa	 gloss: brush.off-NMZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 493:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nomokowa ___ arew-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): tree ___ wait-Np-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We cut the trees and wait.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The completive aspect verb is often used in a medial same-subject sequential form, which in itself only indicates sequentiality but often implies completion of the first action as well \REF{ex:3:x362}--\REF{ex:3:x1042}.
A: word: erup	 gloss: two
B: word: war-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: cut-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
C: word: war-ep	 gloss: cut-SS.SEQ
D: word: en-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 494:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wia ___ i ikiw-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.ACC ___ 1p.UNM go-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We told them and went.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But it is not uncommon either to have the completive aspect with a simultaneous action medial form, when the second action coincides with the completion of the first one \REF{ex:3:x363}--\REF{ex:3:x1043}.
A: word: oposia	 gloss: meat
B: word: maak-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: tell-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
C: word: wu-ap-pu-ami	 gloss: put-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
D: word: maak-ep-pu-a-mik	 gloss: tell-SS.SEQ-CMPL-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 495:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa en-owa ___ ikiw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): thing eat-NMZ ___ go-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Covering the food she left.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: But it is not uncommon either to have the completive aspect with a simultaneous action medial form, when the second action coincides with the completion of the first one \REF{ex:3:x363}--\REF{ex:3:x1043}.
A: word: wakesim-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: cover-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
B: word: p-ikiw-ep	 gloss: BPX-go-SS.SEQ
C: word: wu-ap-pu-ami	 gloss: put-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
D: word: en-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 496:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ikiw-e!
Gloss (with missing item): ___ go-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Get done with your eating and go!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The completive aspect form is also used when \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{momentaneity}} of the action is emphasized \REF{ex:3:x364}:
A: word: en-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
B: word: nena	 gloss: 2s.GEN
C: word: en-ep-pu-ap	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SEQ
D: word: en-ep	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 497:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Uup-ep ___ wienak-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): cook-SS.SEQ ___ feed.them-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I finished cooking it and fed it to them.' [Lit: `I cooked it and when it (=the cooking) was finished I fed it to them.']
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In process descriptions a medial verb, followed by the verb \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{weeser}- `finish', which stresses the endpoint of the action, is used more than the completive aspect \REF{ex:3:x366}. This, however, is a case of clause chaining (\sectref{sec:8.2}), not a verbal group.
A: word: weeser-em-ik-eya	 gloss: finish-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: weeser-eya	 gloss: finish-2/3s.DS
C: word: on-eya	 gloss: do-2/3s.DS
D: word: puk-owa	 gloss: burst-NMZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 498:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa ___ ama or-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): food ___ sun descend-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`As I was eating the sun went down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Continuity, or duration, is the semantic component shared by the aspects called progressive and habitual in many languages: continuation of the same action or of repeated actions of the same kind \citep[26]{Comrie1976}. The continuous aspect form in Mauwake can have either progressive \REF{ex:3:x349}, \REF{ex:3:x1044} or habitual \REF{ex:3:x350}, \REF{ex:3:x1045} interpretation. The main verb is in the same-subject simultaneous medial form, but with the final /i/ deleted, and the auxiliary \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' is inflected for tense and person/number \REF{ex:3:x350}.
A: word: en-em-ik-eya	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: na-em-ik-omkun	 gloss: say-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
C: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
D: word: en-em-ik-omkun	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 499:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fikera ___ nain umuk-i-nen na-ep urup-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): kunai.grass ___ that1 extinguish-Np-FU.1s say-SS.SEQ ascend-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The kunai grass was burning, and she went up in order to extinguish it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Continuity, or duration, is the semantic component shared by the aspects called progressive and habitual in many languages: continuation of the same action or of repeated actions of the same kind \citep[26]{Comrie1976}. The continuous aspect form in Mauwake can have either progressive \REF{ex:3:x349}, \REF{ex:3:x1044} or habitual \REF{ex:3:x350}, \REF{ex:3:x1045} interpretation. The main verb is in the same-subject simultaneous medial form, but with the final /i/ deleted, and the auxiliary \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{ik}- `be' is inflected for tense and person/number \REF{ex:3:x350}.
A: word: aw-iki(w-e)m-ik-eya	 gloss: burn-go-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
B: word: p-ikiw-ep	 gloss: BPX-go-SS.SEQ
C: word: aw-em-ik-eya	 gloss: burn-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: ikiw-em-ik-eya	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 500:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Waaya ___ mik-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): pig ___ spear-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`As the pig was going/coming up I speared it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the verbal group is in the medial form, the progressive interpretation \REF{ex:3:x353} is the more common:
A: word: uura=ke	 gloss: night=CF
B: word: ma-e-k	 gloss: say-PA-3s
C: word: urup-em-ik-eya	 gloss: ascend-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: urup-em-ika-iwkin	 gloss: ascend-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 501:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kawus ___ kuuf-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): smoke ___ see-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`The smoke was rising and she saw it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often the context provides the only clue as to whether the continuous aspect form should be interpreted as progressive or habitual. The example \REF{ex:3:x354} describes a situation where the villagers kept feeding the Japanese soldiers who asked them for food; the sentence \REF{ex:3:x355} is from a text describing a coconut plantation fire and its consequences.
A: word: amirik=iw	 gloss: daytime=INST
B: word: on-am-ik-eya	 gloss: do-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: ir-am-ik-eya	 gloss: rise-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: uruf-am-ik-eya	 gloss: see-SS.SIM-be-2/3.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 502:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Moma ik-owa enim-i-mik. Eka me ___ iwer eka me enim-i-mik. Aaya muutiw en-em-ika-i-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): taro roast-NMZ eat-Np-PR.1/3p water not ___ coconut water not eat-Np-PR.1/3p sugarcane only eat-SS.SIM-be-Np-PR.1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We do not eat roasted taro. We do not drink water or coconut water. We only eat / keep eating sugarcane.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For a clause to have habitual interpretation it is not obligatory to use the continuous aspect form in the verb. For instance in process descriptions, which tell how something is habitually done, the unmarked, aspectually neutral present tense form is more common than the continuous aspect. Three of the four verbs in \REF{ex:3:x1049} are aspectually unmarked, although all the clauses have habitual interpretation, describing seclusion customs.
A: word: naap=i	 gloss: thus=QM
B: word: enim-i-yem	 gloss: eat-Np-PR.1s
C: word: miim-i-mik	 gloss: precede-NP-PR.1/3p
D: word: enim-i-mik	 gloss: eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 503:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ epa wiim-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ place dawn-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`As we were sitting it dawned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same semantic component of continuity is also shared by the other aspect using the auxiliary ik- `be': this time it is a \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{state}} rather than activity that continues the same over time. In the stative aspect, the auxiliary is combined with a main verb that is in the same-subject sequential form. This usage is most common with the position-taking verbs like \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{pok}- `sit down' \REF{ex:3:x356}, \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{iimar}- `stand up' \REF{ex:3:x1046} and \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{in}- `lie down/ fall asleep'.
A: word: poka-poka	 gloss: RDP-trunk
B: word: pok-ap-ik-e-mik	 gloss: sit-SS.SEQ-be-PA-1/3p
C: word: ikiw-ep-ik-eya	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: pok-ap-ik-omkun	 gloss: sit.down-SS.SEQ-be-1s/p.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 504:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ifakim-eya ___ om-em-ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): kill-2/3s.DS ___ cry-SS.SIM-be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When she killed him and he was dead, she was crying.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Other punctiliar verbs \REF{ex:3:x357}, as well as non-punctiliar verbs, can be used in this aspect to indicate the state resulting from an action \REF{ex:3:x358}, or process \REF{ex:3:x1047}, but they are less frequent.
A: word: mauwa=ke	 gloss: what=CF
B: word: pu-ep-ik-eya	 gloss: die-SS.SEQ-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: ikiw-ep-ik-eya	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ-be-2/3s.DS
D: word: mukuruna	 gloss: noise
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 505:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ona emeria=ke ekap-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3s.GEN woman=CF come-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`While he was gone his wife came.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Other punctiliar verbs \REF{ex:3:x357}, as well as non-punctiliar verbs, can be used in this aspect to indicate the state resulting from an action \REF{ex:3:x358}, or process \REF{ex:3:x1047}, but they are less frequent.
A: word: up-owa	 gloss: plant-NMZ
B: word: ikiw-ep-ik-eya	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ-be-2/3s.DS
C: word: maneka-ya=na	 gloss: big-2/3s.DS=TP
D: word: pu-ep-ik-eya	 gloss: die-SS.SEQ-be-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B