cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 201:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua fain me ___ niawi akena=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): man this not ___ 2s/p.father true=CF
The English translation of this sentence is:`This man is not your real father.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In descriptive or equative clauses genitive pronouns can modify both the subject \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} \REF{ex:3:x568} and the non-verbal predicate \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} \REF{ex:3:x569}, whereas the dative pronouns can modify neither.
A: word: aaw-om-aya	 gloss: get-BEN-BNFY2.2/3s.DS
B: word: nena	 gloss: 2s.GEN
C: word: nenar-e-mik=i	 gloss: shoot.you-PA-1/3p=QM
D: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 202:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ koora efar aw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ house 1s.DAT burn-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`My house burned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for a genitive pronoun to co-occur with a dative pronoun to modify the same noun which is not coreferential with the subject \REF{ex:3:x570}. (See \sectref{sec:3.5.5} for a further discussion on the differences between genitive and dative possessives.)
A: word: yo/yena	 gloss: 1s.UNM/1s.GEN
B: word: ten	 gloss: ten
C: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
D: word: nena	 gloss: 2s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 203:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yena koora ___ aw-o-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.GEN house ___ burn-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`My house burned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for a genitive pronoun to co-occur with a dative pronoun to modify the same noun which is not coreferential with the subject \REF{ex:3:x570}. (See \sectref{sec:3.5.5} for a further discussion on the differences between genitive and dative possessives.)
A: word: perek-ami	 gloss: harvest-SS.SIM
B: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
C: word: mua	 gloss: man
D: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 204:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mia kia maa=iw on-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ skin white thing=INST do-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They did it with the Europeans' things.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even when the possessor is expressed by a noun or \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np}, the genitive pronoun is sometimes explicit, \textstyleParagraphContinuationChar{occurring either between the possessor and the possessed} \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} \REF{ex:3:x573} or, quite frequently, preceding both \REF{ex:3:x574}.
A: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
B: word: oro-oro-or-o-k	 gloss: RDP-RDP-descend-PA-3s
C: word: wienak-e-k	 gloss: feed.them-PA-3s
D: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 205:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ikiwosa ___ wapena yena{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): head ___ hand 1s.GEN
The English translation of this sentence is:`The head is mine (to eat), the hands are mine{\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those instances where the possessed \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} in the predicative position lacks an overt head noun, three different strategies may be used. I have not observed any difference in meaning. The genitive pronoun may occur by itself, without a head noun, which can either be deleted completely \REF{ex:3:x576} or substituted by \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{nain} `that' \REF{ex:3:x577}, or the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} can be expressed by a possessive phrase \REF{ex:3:x578} (\sectref{sec:4.4}). In all these instances the head noun occurs earlier in the same sentence, or occasionally in the preceding sentence.
A: word: yo/yena	 gloss: 1s.UNM/1s.GEN
B: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN,
C: word: mua=na	 gloss: man=TP
D: word: menamura	 gloss: Manam
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 206:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fikera pun ___ nain=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): kunai.grass too ___ that1=CF
The English translation of this sentence is:`The kunai grass is theirs, too.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those instances where the possessed \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} in the predicative position lacks an overt head noun, three different strategies may be used. I have not observed any difference in meaning. The genitive pronoun may occur by itself, without a head noun, which can either be deleted completely \REF{ex:3:x576} or substituted by \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{nain} `that' \REF{ex:3:x577}, or the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} can be expressed by a possessive phrase \REF{ex:3:x578} (\sectref{sec:4.4}). In all these instances the head noun occurs earlier in the same sentence, or occasionally in the preceding sentence.
A: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
B: word: iisow	 gloss: 1p.ISOL
C: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
D: word: wienak-e-k	 gloss: feed.them-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 207:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa nain ___ efarik.
Gloss (with missing item): thing that1 ___ 1s.DAT
The English translation of this sentence is:`That thing is mine.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those instances where the possessed \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} in the predicative position lacks an overt head noun, three different strategies may be used. I have not observed any difference in meaning. The genitive pronoun may occur by itself, without a head noun, which can either be deleted completely \REF{ex:3:x576} or substituted by \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{nain} `that' \REF{ex:3:x577}, or the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{np} can be expressed by a possessive phrase \REF{ex:3:x578} (\sectref{sec:4.4}). In all these instances the head noun occurs earlier in the same sentence, or occasionally in the preceding sentence.
A: word: yo/yena	 gloss: 1s.UNM/1s.GEN
B: word: nos=ke	 gloss: 2s.FC=CF
C: word: on-a-k	 gloss: do-PA-3s
D: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 208:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ owow maneka ikiw-owa nain ma-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ village big go-NMZ that1 say-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I'm telling about our going to town.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like possessives in many other languages, the genitive pronoun may function as the subject of a nominalized clause \REF{ex:3:x571} (\sectref{sec:5.7}). The unmarked pronoun is used in the same position too; I have not found any difference in their use.
A: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
B: word: niena	 gloss: 2p.GEN
C: word: mokak-ikiw-em-ik-ok	 gloss: stare-go-SS.SIM-be-SS
D: word: yiena	 gloss: 1p.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 209:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aasa enuma ___ me suuw-i-yem.
Gloss (with missing item): canoe new ___ not push-Np-PR.1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I don't take a new canoe down myself.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As ordinary main clause subjects the genitive pronouns are more emphatic than the unmarked pronouns.\footnote{Usan \citep[55]{Reesink1987}, Siroi \citep[20]{Wells1979} and Maia \citep[73]{Hardin2002} also use the same pronoun forms for possessive and emphatic pronouns, whereas Waskia \citep{RossEtAl1978} does not.} The pronunciation reflects the emphasis too: these pronouns receive a stronger stress than the unmarked pronouns when used as a subject \REF{ex:3:x572}.
A: word: nena	 gloss: 2s.GEN
B: word: yo/yena	 gloss: 1s.UNM/1s.GEN
C: word: unowa=pa	 gloss: many=LOC
D: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 210:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ iisow, yiena garanga muutiw aaw-ep uup-ep en-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1p.ISOL 1p.GEN family only take-SS.SEQ cook-SS.SEQ eat-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Only our family by ourselves (lit: we ourselves we only, our family only) took it, cooked and ate it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following example \REF{ex:3:x686} has two identical genitive pronouns, the first one functioning as an emphatic subject pronoun and the second one as a possessive pronoun:
A: word: yiena	 gloss: 1p.GEN
B: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
C: word: niena	 gloss: 2p.GEN
D: word: maak-e-mik	 gloss: tell-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 211:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yiena iisow, ___ garanga muutiw aaw-ep uup-ep en-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.GEN 1p.ISOL ___ family only take-SS.SEQ cook-SS.SEQ eat-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Only our family by ourselves (lit: we ourselves we only, our family only) took it, cooked and ate it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following example \REF{ex:3:x686} has two identical genitive pronouns, the first one functioning as an emphatic subject pronoun and the second one as a possessive pronoun:
A: word: yiena	 gloss: 1p.GEN
B: word: niena	 gloss: 2p.GEN
C: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
D: word: kaik-ow(a)	 gloss: tie-NMZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 212:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo me nia maak-i-nen, ___ ma-eka.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM not 2p.ACC tell-Np-FU.1s ___ say-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`I will not tell you (what to do); discuss it on your own (among yourselves/as a group).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the limiting clitic -\textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{iw} `only' is added to the genitive pronoun, the result is a restrictive pronoun \REF{ex:3:x604} (\sectref{sec:3.5.7}).
A: word: yien=iw	 gloss: 1p.GEN=LIM
B: word: nien=iw	 gloss: 2p.GEN=LIM
C: word: nena=iw	 gloss: 2s.GEN=LIM
D: word: ikiw-em-ik-eya	 gloss: go-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 213:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pok-ap ika-iwkin mua ___ ekap-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): sit-SS.SEQ be-2/3p.DS man ___ come-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were sitting and (their) husbands came to them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The semantic function of a dative pronoun is related to the verb of the clause. With motion verbs it has goal function \REF{ex:3:x1781}, \REF{ex:3:x580}:
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: uroma	 gloss: stomach
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 214:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mia kokas-owa=ke ___ kerer-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): skin itch-NMZ=CF ___ appear/arrive-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Her skin started to itch.' (Lit: `Skin itch appeared to her.)'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The semantic function of a dative pronoun is related to the verb of the clause. With motion verbs it has goal function \REF{ex:3:x1781}, \REF{ex:3:x580}:
A: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
B: word: yiar-eya	 gloss: hit.us-2/3s.DS
C: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 215:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Feeke ___ ik-ok kiiriw mua wiar urup-e.
Gloss (with missing item): here.CF ___ be-SS again man 3.DAT ascend-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Having been here with him, go (back) to your husband again.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With stative verbs the pronouns indicate location \REF{ex:3:x1782}, \REF{ex:3:x1783}. (Note that the free translation needs to use a comitative expression, since English does not have a [+human] locative expression equivalent to the Mauwake dative.)
A: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: saa=pa	 gloss: sand=LOC
D: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 216:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi sawur nain ir-ami fan ___ pok-a-mik.{\upshape\footnotemark}
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM spirit that1 go.east-SS.SIM here ___ sit-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The spirits, going eastward, sat here with us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With stative verbs the pronouns indicate location \REF{ex:3:x1782}, \REF{ex:3:x1783}. (Note that the free translation needs to use a comitative expression, since English does not have a [+human] locative expression equivalent to the Mauwake dative.)
A: word: wafur-om-e	 gloss: throw-BEN-BNFY1.IMP.2s
B: word: niar	 gloss: 2p.DAT
C: word: yiar-uk	 gloss: shoot.us-IMP.3p
D: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 217:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo emeria Lasen=pa ___ aaw-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM woman Lasen=LOC ___ get/take-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I got (my) wife from (the) Lasen (people).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With verbs that indicate receiving something (take, get, buy, etc.) the dative has the semantic function of source \REF{ex:3:x579}--\REF{ex:3:x1785}.
A: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
B: word: uroma	 gloss: stomach
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 218:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua oko=ke waaya nain mik-ap ___ aaw-i-non.
Gloss (with missing item): man other=CF pig that1 spear-SS.SEQ ___ get/take-Np-FU.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Another man will spear the pig and take it from you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With verbs that indicate receiving something (take, get, buy, etc.) the dative has the semantic function of source \REF{ex:3:x579}--\REF{ex:3:x1785}.
A: word: miim-o-k	 gloss: precede-PA-3s
B: word: efar	 gloss: 1s.DAT
C: word: nie	 gloss: 2s/p.uncle
D: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 219:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap ___ miim-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): thus ___ hear-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I heard thus about him/her/them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The ``source'' can also be more abstract. I have observed this use only with verbs indicating hearing or speaking \REF{ex:3:x1786}.
A: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
B: word: ook-owa	 gloss: follow-NMZ
C: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 220:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Lasen ___ ek-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): Lasen ___ go.east-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We went to Lasen (=to the people of Lasen village).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A locative phrase referring to a village or village area including its inhabitants is commonly used with a dative pronoun as well \REF{ex:3:x586}, otherwise it refers to just the location rather than the inhabitants. The pronoun may be used with towns or bigger areas as well, but the bigger the location, the less probable the pronoun is. In \REF{ex:3:x587} the people ran away to the people in the Bogia area, whereas in \REF{ex:3:x1802} the people of Bogia town may not have been involved in the burial at all. In \REF{ex:3:x1800} the speaker was going to the Highlands, not in order to meet the Highlanders but to work in a location there.
A: word: wiar	 gloss: 3.DAT
B: word: nefar	 gloss: 2s.DAT
C: word: wiarik	 gloss: 3.DAT
D: word: mauwa=ke	 gloss: what=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A