cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa ___ wuailal-ep akia ik-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): village ___ be.hungry-SS.SEQ banana roast-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `He went to the village, was hungry and roasted bananas.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A very typical feature in Papuan languages is a difference between final (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.4}) and medial verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5}). The former are finite verbs with full inflection for tense and subject number and person, and the most typical position for them is at the end of a declarative sentence. The medial verbs indicate whether the subject of a clause is the same as \REF{ex:1:x662}, or different from \REF{ex:1:x663}, that of the following clause. The same-subject forms also indicate whether the action of the second verb is simultaneous with that of the first verb, or sequential \REF{ex:1:x662} in relation to it. Medial clauses (\sectref{sec:8.2}) are coordinate with, but also dependent on, the following clause. Because of the existence and extensive use of medial clauses, temporal subordinate clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.3.1}) are used very little in Mauwake.\footnote{Medial clauses in Papuan languages are often translated with temporal subordinate clauses in other languages, even if they are not subordinate in the original language.}
A: word: p-or-op	 gloss: BPX-descend-SS.SEQ
B: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
C: word: or-op	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
D: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa or-op, ___ akia ik-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): village go-SS.SEQ ___ banana roast-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `He went to the village, was hungry and roasted bananas.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A very typical feature in Papuan languages is a difference between final (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.4}) and medial verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5}). The former are finite verbs with full inflection for tense and subject number and person, and the most typical position for them is at the end of a declarative sentence. The medial verbs indicate whether the subject of a clause is the same as \REF{ex:1:x662}, or different from \REF{ex:1:x663}, that of the following clause. The same-subject forms also indicate whether the action of the second verb is simultaneous with that of the first verb, or sequential \REF{ex:1:x662} in relation to it. Medial clauses (\sectref{sec:8.2}) are coordinate with, but also dependent on, the following clause. Because of the existence and extensive use of medial clauses, temporal subordinate clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.3.1}) are used very little in Mauwake.\footnote{Medial clauses in Papuan languages are often translated with temporal subordinate clauses in other languages, even if they are not subordinate in the original language.}
A: word: uruf-a-man=i	 gloss: see-PA-2p=QM
B: word: wailal-ep	 gloss: be.hungry-SS.SEQ
C: word: wuailal-ep	 gloss: be.hungry-SS.SEQ
D: word: en-ep	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me um-o-k, wiowa onaiya ikiw-em-ik-eya. Olas=ke war-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not die-PA-3s spear with go-SS.SIM-be-2/3s.DS Olas=CF kill-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I speared it, it didn't die, (but) as it was going with the spear Olas killed it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A very typical feature in Papuan languages is a difference between final (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.4}) and medial verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5}). The former are finite verbs with full inflection for tense and subject number and person, and the most typical position for them is at the end of a declarative sentence. The medial verbs indicate whether the subject of a clause is the same as \REF{ex:1:x662}, or different from \REF{ex:1:x663}, that of the following clause. The same-subject forms also indicate whether the action of the second verb is simultaneous with that of the first verb, or sequential \REF{ex:1:x662} in relation to it. Medial clauses (\sectref{sec:8.2}) are coordinate with, but also dependent on, the following clause. Because of the existence and extensive use of medial clauses, temporal subordinate clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.3.1}) are used very little in Mauwake.\footnote{Medial clauses in Papuan languages are often translated with temporal subordinate clauses in other languages, even if they are not subordinate in the original language.}
A: word: on-amkun=ko	 gloss: do-1s/p.DS=NF
B: word: ik-omkun	 gloss: be-1s/p.DS
C: word: mik-amkun	 gloss: spear-1s/p.DS
D: word: or-op	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa ___ wuailal-ep akia ik-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): village ___ be.hungry-SS.SEQ banana roast-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `He went to the village, was hungry and roasted bananas.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A very typical feature in Papuan languages is a difference between final (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.4}) and medial verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5}). The former are finite verbs with full inflection for tense and subject number and person, and the most typical position for them is at the end of a declarative sentence. The medial verbs indicate whether the subject of a clause is the same as \REF{ex:1:x662}, or different from \REF{ex:1:x663}, that of the following clause. The same-subject forms also indicate whether the action of the second verb is simultaneous with that of the first verb, or sequential \REF{ex:1:x662} in relation to it. Medial clauses (\sectref{sec:8.2}) are coordinate with, but also dependent on, the following clause. Because of the existence and extensive use of medial clauses, temporal subordinate clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.3.1}) are used very little in Mauwake.\footnote{Medial clauses in Papuan languages are often translated with temporal subordinate clauses in other languages, even if they are not subordinate in the original language.}
A: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
B: word: p-or-op	 gloss: BPX-descend-SS.SEQ
C: word: sira	 gloss: custom
D: word: or-op	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa or-op, ___ akia ik-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): village go-SS.SEQ ___ banana roast-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is: `He went to the village, was hungry and roasted bananas.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A very typical feature in Papuan languages is a difference between final (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.4}) and medial verbs (\sectref{sec:3.8.3.5}). The former are finite verbs with full inflection for tense and subject number and person, and the most typical position for them is at the end of a declarative sentence. The medial verbs indicate whether the subject of a clause is the same as \REF{ex:1:x662}, or different from \REF{ex:1:x663}, that of the following clause. The same-subject forms also indicate whether the action of the second verb is simultaneous with that of the first verb, or sequential \REF{ex:1:x662} in relation to it. Medial clauses (\sectref{sec:8.2}) are coordinate with, but also dependent on, the following clause. Because of the existence and extensive use of medial clauses, temporal subordinate clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.3.1}) are used very little in Mauwake.\footnote{Medial clauses in Papuan languages are often translated with temporal subordinate clauses in other languages, even if they are not subordinate in the original language.}
A: word: en-ep	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ
B: word: wuailal-ep	 gloss: be.hungry-SS.SEQ
C: word: or-op	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
D: word: wailal-ep	 gloss: be.hungry-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ emeria teeria nain
Gloss (with missing item): ___ woman group that1
The English translation of this sentence is: `that group of women'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{noun phrase}} (\sectref{sec:4.1}) most commonly consists of the head noun by itself, or the morpheme ___th just one modifier. In a noun phrase a pluralizing \REF{ex:1:x658} unmarked pronoun, a possessive noun phrase, a temporal phrase, or a qualifier noun phrase may precede the head noun; all the other modifiers follow it. A possessive preceding the head noun and an adjective follothe morpheme ___ng it \REF{ex:1:x660} is quite common in Trans New Guinea languages \citep[19]{Reesink1987}.
A: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
B: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
C: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
D: word: feenap	 gloss: like.this
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wi ___ teeria nain
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM ___ group that1
The English translation of this sentence is: `that group of women'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{noun phrase}} (\sectref{sec:4.1}) most commonly consists of the head noun by itself, or with just one modifier. In a noun phrase a pluralizing \REF{ex:1:x658} unmarked pronoun, a possessive noun phrase, a temporal phrase, or a qualifier noun phrase may precede the head noun; all the other modifiers follow it. A possessive preceding the head noun and an adjective following it \REF{ex:1:x660} is quite common in Trans New Guinea languages \citep[19]{Reesink1987}.
A: word: emeria=ko	 gloss: woman=NF
B: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
C: word: emeria=ke	 gloss: woman=CF
D: word: kamenap	 gloss: what.like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ aamun gelemuta kuisow
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1s/p.younger.sibling small one
The English translation of this sentence is:`my one younger brother' or `one of my younger brothers'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{noun phrase}} (\sectref{sec:4.1}) most commonly consists of the head noun by itself, or with just one modifier. In a noun phrase a pluralizing \REF{ex:1:x658} unmarked pronoun, a possessive noun phrase, a temporal phrase, or a qualifier noun phrase may precede the head noun; all the other modifiers follow it. A possessive preceding the head noun and an adjective following it \REF{ex:1:x660} is quite common in Trans New Guinea languages \citep[19]{Reesink1987}.
A: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
B: word: mukuna	 gloss: fire
C: word: nena	 gloss: 2s.GEN
D: word: yo/yena	 gloss: 1s.UNM/1s.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yena aamun ___ kuisow
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.GEN 1s/p.younger.sibling ___ one
The English translation of this sentence is:`my one younger brother' or `one of my younger brothers'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textstyleEmphasizedWords{{noun phrase}} (\sectref{sec:4.1}) most commonly consists of the head noun by itself, or with just one modifier. In a noun phrase a pluralizing \REF{ex:1:x658} unmarked pronoun, a possessive noun phrase, a temporal phrase, or a qualifier noun phrase may precede the head noun; all the other modifiers follow it. A possessive preceding the head noun and an adjective following it \REF{ex:1:x660} is quite common in Trans New Guinea languages \citep[19]{Reesink1987}.
A: word: kamenap	 gloss: what.like
B: word: gelemuta	 gloss: small
C: word: gelemuta=ko	 gloss: little=NF
D: word: liiwa	 gloss: little
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yo emeria efar ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM woman 1s.DAT ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did you see my wife?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Concerning the following sentence level features Mauwake shows itself a typical \textsc{ov} language. The interrogative marker \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{-i} always occurs sentence-finally in polar questions \REF{ex:1:x672} (\sectref{sec:7.2.2}).
A: word: ekap-e-man=i	 gloss: come-PA-2p=QM
B: word: uruf-a-man=i	 gloss: see-PA-2p=QM
C: word: nain	 gloss: that1
D: word: uruf-a-m	 gloss: see-PA-1s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ni sira ___ on-a-man?
Gloss (with missing item): 2p.UNM custom ___ do-PA-2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`What did you do?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In non-polar, or content questions (\sectref{sec:7.2.1}), the question word or phrase is in the same position that would be occupied by the non-interrogative word or phrase in a statement~\REF{ex:1:x673}.
A: word: kamenion	 gloss: or.what
B: word: saarik	 gloss: like
C: word: yena	 gloss: 1s.GEN
D: word: kamenap	 gloss: what.like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua ___ feeke wia p-ekap-eka.
Gloss (with missing item): man ___ here.CF 3p.ACC BPX-come-IMP.2p
The English translation of this sentence is:`If you find the men, bring them here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In complex sentences (\sectref{sec:8.3}), the subordinate clause usually comes before the main clause \REF{ex:1:x674}.
A: word: or-op	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
B: word: imen-ap=ko	 gloss: find-SS.SEQ=NF
C: word: imen-ap=na	 gloss: find-SS.SEQ=TP
D: word: imen-ap	 gloss: find-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kerer-e-k nain i me paayar-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ start-PA-3s that1 1p.UNM not understand-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We didn't realise that a fire had started.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Complement clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.2}) behave like other subordinate clauses, preceding the main clause \REF{ex:1:x675}.
A: word: mukuna	 gloss: fire
B: word: mukuna=ko	 gloss: fire=NF
C: word: epia	 gloss: fire(wood)
D: word: imen-ap=na	 gloss: find-SS.SEQ=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mukuna ___ nain i me paayar-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): fire ___ that1 1p.UNM not understand-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We didn't realise that a fire had started.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Complement clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.2}) behave like other subordinate clauses, preceding the main clause \REF{ex:1:x675}.
A: word: kerer-e-mik	 gloss: appear-PA-1/3p
B: word: ku-a-k	 gloss: build-PA-3s
C: word: kerer-e-k	 gloss: start-PA-3s
D: word: mukuna	 gloss: fire
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mukuna kerer-e-k ___ i me paayar-e-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): fire start-PA-3s ___ 1p.UNM not understand-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`We didn't realise that a fire had started.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Complement clauses (\sectref{sec:8.3.2}) behave like other subordinate clauses, preceding the main clause \REF{ex:1:x675}.
A: word: eefin	 gloss: that2
B: word: kamenap	 gloss: what.like
C: word: nain	 gloss: that1
D: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fikera nain ___ feenap on-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): kunai.grass that1 ___ like.this do-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `This is what they did to the \textstyleForeignWords{kunai} grass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both manner adverbs, postpositional phrases, and non-argument noun phrases precede the verb \REF{ex:1:x678}.
A: word: sira-sira	 gloss: custom-custom
B: word: sira	 gloss: custom
C: word: sira=ke	 gloss: custom=CF
D: word: kerer-e-k	 gloss: start-PA-3s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fikera nain sira ___ on-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): kunai.grass that1 custom ___ do-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is: `This is what they did to the \textstyleForeignWords{kunai} grass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both manner adverbs, postpositional phrases, and non-argument noun phrases precede the verb \REF{ex:1:x678}.
A: word: sira	 gloss: custom
B: word: feenap:	 gloss: like.this
C: word: feenap	 gloss: like.this
D: word: fain	 gloss: this
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C