cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ gon z ze\stem{faf}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ hip IAM STSG:SBJ:Rpst:PFV/hold.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He held hips while rejoicing' or `He held hips rejoicingly.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{proprietive} and \isi{instrumental} case on a nominalised verb can be used to express a manner adverbial \isi{clause}. In the functional extension, the two case markers can also express a relation of association and \isi{temporal} overlaps respectively. Hence, the nominalised verb flagged with the \isi{proprietive} case in example (\ref{ex694}) can be translated as `He held hips while rejoicing' or `He held hips rejoicingly.'
A: word: yafü-si=karä	 gloss: open-NMLZ=PROP
B: word: thwek-si=karä	 gloss: rejoice-NMLZ=PROP
C: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
D: word: trik-si=karä	 gloss: tell-NMLZ=PROP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nä station kabe fä zä\stem{mosir}ath ___ thf\stem{kogr}m ... fam kwa\stem{rä}rmth kwa y\stem{wokrak}wr o kwa ŋa\stem{brüz}r.
Gloss (with missing item): INDF station man DIST STPL:SBJ:PST:PFV/gather ___ STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/stand ... thought STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/do FUT TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/float or FUT STSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/submerge.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some station people gathered there. They were standing thinking: ``Will it float or will it sink?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{recognitional} \isi{case} also serves to introduce a clause which expresses a manner (or \isi{temporal} association). In example (\ref{ex695}), the speaker explains how he and his friends were loading a heavy sago stem on a canoe. Some people from Morehead Station were sceptical about this plan. Thus, bäneme thfkogrm `They were standing with/like this' connects to the following clause which expresses `They stood thinking ...'.
A: word: bäne=me	 gloss: Recog=INS
B: word: bäne=fo	 gloss: Recog=All
C: word: bäne=ma	 gloss: DEM:MED=CHAR
D: word: mafa	 gloss: who.ERG.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nä station kabe fä zä\stem{mosir}ath bäne=me thf\stem{kogr}m ... ___ kwa\stem{rä}rmth kwa y\stem{wokrak}wr o kwa ŋa\stem{brüz}r.
Gloss (with missing item): INDF station man DIST STPL:SBJ:PST:PFV/gather Recog=INS STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/stand ... ___ STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/do FUT TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/float or FUT STSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/submerge.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some station people gathered there. They were standing thinking: ``Will it float or will it sink?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{recognitional} \isi{case} also serves to introduce a clause which expresses a manner (or \isi{temporal} association). In example (\ref{ex695}), the speaker explains how he and his friends were loading a heavy sago stem on a canoe. Some people from Morehead Station were sceptical about this plan. Thus, bäneme thfkogrm `They were standing with/like this' connects to the following clause which expresses `They stood thinking ...'.
A: word: fam	 gloss: thought
B: word: bänemr=nzo	 gloss: Recog.PURP=ONLY
C: word: fam=ä	 gloss: thought=ASSOC
D: word: ane=ma	 gloss: DEM=CHAR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zena ane bäne=me nz=e\stem{zinak}wre ___ bäne w\stem{yak} b=\stem{rä} ... trik-si mon=me kma zra\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): now DEM Recog=INS IMMpst=FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/put.down ___ Recog.ABS TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/walk MED=TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... tell-NMLZ how=INS Pot TSG.F:SBJ:IRR:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now we are putting (the pictures) down how it goes there ... how the story should be.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common way to encode a manner adverbial is by a \isi{relative clause} with mon or monme `how' ({\S}\ref{relclauses}). Example (\ref{ex696}) is taken from a picture task, where the participants were asked to arrange picture cards into a story. In the example, the speaker explains the task to a bystander. Note that the \isi{recognitional} bäneme `with this, in this way' also appears in the first clause. The second \isi{recognitional} bäne refers to trikasi `story' as we can see in the last clause.
A: word: mane=me	 gloss: which=INS
B: word: mon=me	 gloss: how=INS
C: word: drdr	 gloss: old.garden
D: word: katan=me	 gloss: small=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zena ane bäne=me nz=e\stem{zinak}wre mon=me bäne w\stem{yak} b=\stem{rä} ... ___ mon=me kma zra\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): now DEM Recog=INS IMMpst=FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/put.down how=INS Recog.ABS TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/walk MED=TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ how=INS Pot TSG.F:SBJ:IRR:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now we are putting (the pictures) down how it goes there ... how the story should be.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common way to encode a manner adverbial is by a \isi{relative clause} with mon or monme `how' ({\S}\ref{relclauses}). Example (\ref{ex696}) is taken from a picture task, where the participants were asked to arrange picture cards into a story. In the example, the speaker explains the task to a bystander. Note that the \isi{recognitional} bäneme `with this, in this way' also appears in the first clause. The second \isi{recognitional} bäne refers to trikasi `story' as we can see in the last clause.
A: word: ane=ma	 gloss: DEM=CHAR
B: word: trik-si=karä	 gloss: tell-NMLZ=PROP
C: word: t-trika-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
D: word: trik-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nze nima b=yan\stem{nor} ane kabe fof ___ maf won\stem{rsokn}wr.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ERG Quot MED=TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/shout DEM man EMPH ___ who.SG.ERG STSG:SBJ>FSG:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/bother.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I said: ``He is shouting out there. This man who bothers me.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: I begin by describing the formal structure of relative clauses. Formally, they are similar to content questions because the relative pronouns are identical to the interrogative pronouns.\footnote{I refer the reader to {\S}\ref{interrogatives-sec} for a description of interrogative pronouns. See especially \tabref{interrogatives-table}, but also the interrogatives in \tabref{demonstratives-table}.} We could say that interrogatives function as relative pronouns, which is why I do not \isi{gloss} them as \textsc{rel} in the following examples. Instead, I \isi{gloss} them in the same manner, in which pronouns in interrogative function are glossed. However, relative clauses are semantically distinct from content questions because the answer to the question is already given in the form of the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}}. Relative clauses are also syntactically different from content questions in that the relative \isi{pronoun} has to occur as the second element (\figref{relclause}). Such a restriction does not apply to content questions. This is illustrated in (\ref{ex541}-\ref{ex543}), where the \isi{relative clause} in each example is printed in bold face.
A: word: nafa-fäms=f	 gloss: Third.POSS-exchange.man=ERG.SG
B: word: nzä	 gloss: FSG.ABS
C: word: fam	 gloss: thoughts
D: word: nzä=nzo	 gloss: FSG.ABS=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kma wämne ane fof kwa\stem{kark}wé ane fof ___ mane thä\stem{narf}a ... keke watik-thé=märe.
Gloss (with missing item): Pot tree DEM EMPH FSG:SBJ:Rpst:IPFV/pull DEM EMPH ___ which(ABS) SG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:IPFV/press.down ... NEG enough-Adlzr=PRIV.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I should have pulled that tree (from the fence), which the tree was pushing down. No, (I was) not (strong) enough!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: I begin by describing the formal structure of relative clauses. Formally, they are similar to content questions because the relative pronouns are identical to the interrogative pronouns.\footnote{I refer the reader to {\S}\ref{interrogatives-sec} for a description of interrogative pronouns. See especially \tabref{interrogatives-table}, but also the interrogatives in \tabref{demonstratives-table}.} We could say that interrogatives function as relative pronouns, which is why I do not \isi{gloss} them as \textsc{rel} in the following examples. Instead, I \isi{gloss} them in the same manner, in which pronouns in interrogative function are glossed. However, relative clauses are semantically distinct from content questions because the answer to the question is already given in the form of the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}}. Relative clauses are also syntactically different from content questions in that the relative \isi{pronoun} has to occur as the second element (\figref{relclause}). Such a restriction does not apply to content questions. This is illustrated in (\ref{ex541}-\ref{ex543}), where the \isi{relative clause} in each example is printed in bold face.
A: word: wämne=n	 gloss: tree=LOC
B: word: wämne	 gloss: tree
C: word: drdr	 gloss: old.garden
D: word: wämne=f	 gloss: tree=ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nze nima b=yan\stem{nor} ane kabe fof ___ maf won\stem{rsokn}wr.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ERG Quot MED=TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/shout DEM man EMPH ___ who.SG.ERG STSG:SBJ>FSG:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/bother.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I said: ``He is shouting out there. This man who bothers me.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex541}) comes from a hunting story where the narrator had encountered a spirit which began chasing him. In the example, the relative \isi{pronoun} maf follows the \isi{pronoun} the morpheme ___. The \isi{relative clause} follows the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}} ane kabe `that man'.
A: word: nzä=nzo	 gloss: FSG.ABS=ONLY
B: word: nzä	 gloss: FSG.ABS
C: word: mafa	 gloss: who.ERG.NSG
D: word: nafan	 gloss: TSG.DAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ni fi ane zu\stem{mar}wrme ___ tharthar=en mane zf\stem{rä}rm.
Gloss (with missing item): FNSG but DEM FPL:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:PST:DUR/look ___ side=LOC which(ABS) TSG.F:SBJ:PST:DUR/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`But we were looking at that (fire), which was on the side of the house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example (\ref{ex542}), the speaker describes why he did not pay attention to a fire that almost burned his garden. In the example, the relative \isi{pronoun} mane is preceded by the \isi{noun phrase} the morpheme ___ tharthar `side of the its gloss ___'. This is an adjoined \isi{relative clause} because it is outside the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}}, which in this case is mni `fire', whose antecedent is understood from the context.
A: word: komnzo	 gloss: only
B: word: mnz=fa	 gloss: house=ABL
C: word: mni	 gloss: fire
D: word: mnz	 gloss: house
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kma wämne ane fof kwa\stem{kark}wé ane fof ___ mane thä\stem{narf}a ... keke watik-thé=märe.
Gloss (with missing item): Pot tree DEM EMPH FSG:SBJ:Rpst:IPFV/pull DEM EMPH ___ which(ABS) SG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:IPFV/press.down ... NEG enough-Adlzr=PRIV.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I should have pulled that tree (from the fence), which the tree was pushing down. No, (I was) not (strong) enough!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, in (\ref{ex543}) the speaker describes how he was trying to remove a burning tree from his garden fence. The relative \isi{pronoun} mane follows the \isi{ergative} marked wämne `tree'. This is an adjoined \isi{relative clause} because it is outside the matrix NP, which in this case is ŋarake `garden fence', whose antecedent is understood from the context.
A: word: mafa	 gloss: who.ERG.NSG
B: word: wämne	 gloss: tree
C: word: wämne=n	 gloss: tree=LOC
D: word: wämne=f	 gloss: tree=ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sukawi nima keke \stem{rä} zane fthé=thamane \stem{yé} ... ane kabe fof ___ waniwani zöbthé nz=wn\stem{mar}wre.
Gloss (with missing item): sukawi like.this NEG TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be DEM:PROX when=TEMP.POSS TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... DEM man EMPH ___ picture first IMMpst=FPL:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/see.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sukawi, it is not like that. This is from that time ... really this man whose picture we just saw before.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A second rule is needed for examples where the relative \isi{pronoun} occurs in initial position of the \isi{relative clause}. Although this is possible, such examples are much less frequent than the second position. The relative \isi{pronoun} can occur in first position only (i) if it is preceded by the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}} (\ref{ex544} and \ref{ex545}), or (ii) if the only other element in the \isi{relative clause} is the verb (\ref{ex546}).
A: word: zra	 gloss: swamp
B: word: segeru	 gloss: palm.wine
C: word: nafane=ma=wä	 gloss: TSG.POSS=CHAR=EMPH
D: word: mafane=ma=wä	 gloss: who.SG.POSS=CHAR=EMPH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ane fath=nzo zf\stem{rä}rm wämne keke ... dödö=nzo ... dödö ___ ŋa\stem{ren}wre fath.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM clearing=ONLY TSG.F:SBJ:PST:DUR/be tree NEG ... dödö=ONLY ... dödö ___ FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/sweep clearing.
The English translation of this sentence is:`This was a clearing, no trees ... only dödö (Sida acuta) ... dödö, with which we sweep the clear places.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A second rule is needed for examples where the relative \isi{pronoun} occurs in initial position of the \isi{relative clause}. Although this is possible, such examples are much less frequent than the second position. The relative \isi{pronoun} can occur in first position only (i) if it is preceded by the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}} (\ref{ex544} and \ref{ex545}), or (ii) if the only other element in the \isi{relative clause} is the verb (\ref{ex546}).
A: word: mon=me	 gloss: how=INS
B: word: mane=me	 gloss: which=INS
C: word: mafa	 gloss: who.ERG.NSG
D: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bundbo=nzo \stem{rä} ___ za\stem{wokth}.
Gloss (with missing item): SSG.All=ONLY TSG.F:NONPAST:IPFV/be ___ SSG:SBJ:IMP:PFV/choose.
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is up to you which one you choose!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A second rule is needed for examples where the relative \isi{pronoun} occurs in initial position of the \isi{relative clause}. Although this is possible, such examples are much less frequent than the second position. The relative \isi{pronoun} can occur in first position only (i) if it is preceded by the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}} (\ref{ex544} and \ref{ex545}), or (ii) if the only other element in the \isi{relative clause} is the verb (\ref{ex546}).
A: word: zena=thamane	 gloss: today=TEMP.POSS
B: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
C: word: fothr	 gloss: fothr
D: word: mane	 gloss: which(ABS)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sukawi nima keke \stem{rä} zane fthé=thamane \stem{yé} ... ane kabe fof ___ waniwani zöbthé nz=wn\stem{mar}wre.
Gloss (with missing item): sukawi like.this NEG TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be DEM:PROX when=TEMP.POSS TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... DEM man EMPH ___ picture first IMMpst=FPL:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/see.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sukawi, it is not like that. This is from that time ... really this man whose picture we just saw before.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex544}) is taken from a picture stimulus task. One of the participants is correcting the other. Note that the \ili{English} translation is misleading. The noun phrase mafanemäwä waniwani is a complex noun phrase and the relative \isi{pronoun} mafanema is marked flagged with the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} in adnominal function. Thus, mafanemäwä waniwani should be translated not as \isi{genitive} `whose picture', but as origin `picture of/about who'.
A: word: mafane=ma=wä	 gloss: who.SG.POSS=CHAR=EMPH
B: word: rirk-si=ma	 gloss: respect-NMLZ=CHAR
C: word: wämne=f	 gloss: tree=ERG
D: word: nafane=ma=wä	 gloss: TSG.POSS=CHAR=EMPH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ane fath=nzo zf\stem{rä}rm wämne keke ... dödö=nzo ... dödö ___ ŋa\stem{ren}wre fath.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM clearing=ONLY TSG.F:SBJ:PST:DUR/be tree NEG ... dödö=ONLY ... dödö ___ FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/sweep clearing.
The English translation of this sentence is:`This was a clearing, no trees ... only dödö (Sida acuta) ... dödö, with which we sweep the clear places.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example (\ref{ex545}), the relative \isi{pronoun} occurs initially following the NP\textsubscript{\textsc{mat}} dödö.
A: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
B: word: mon=me	 gloss: how=INS
C: word: mane=me	 gloss: which=INS
D: word: mni	 gloss: fire
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C