cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bäne thu\stem{wä}nzrm fof ... zarfa su\stem{rmän}wrm ___ wä-si=f=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM:MED STSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/crack fof ... ear STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:DUR/close ___ crack-NMLZ=ERG=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was cracking those (coconut shells) ... This cracking was blocking his ears.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples illustrate, that there is a cline between syntactically integrated clauses, i.e. subordinated clauses, and independent clauses. While both ends of the cline are relatively easy to identify, the middle is a grey zone. It is clear that examples like (\ref{ex666}) consists of two independent clauses. Likewise, the nominalised predicates in (\ref{ex662} - \ref{ex664}) are clear cases of \isi{subordination}. But examples like (\ref{ex665}) are somewhat indeterminate. On the one hand, the \isi{recognitional} \isi{pronoun} creates a gap that needs to be filled. In other words, semantically, the second \isi{clause} is subordinated to the first \isi{clause}. On the other hand, the second clause is syntactically independent. Therefore, I refrain from analysing the \isi{recognitional} as a subordinator, but rather as having a connecting function.\footnote{Note that the recognitional demonstrative can be inflected for following cases: characteristic =ma `because', instrumental =me `thereby' and purposive =mr `in order to, until'.}
A: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
B: word: trik-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
C: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
D: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): watik fi komnzo za\stem{thfär} ___ fof ... nima rirk-si=ma b=\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): then Third.ABS only TSG.F:SBJ:Rpst:PFV/junp ___ EMPH ... like.this respect-NMLZ=CHAR MED=TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Well, she just lived on because of that ... because respected (the taboos). There she is.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples illustrate, that there is a cline between syntactically integrated clauses, i.e. subordinated clauses, and independent clauses. While both ends of the cline are relatively easy to identify, the middle is a grey zone. It is clear that examples like (\ref{ex666}) consists of two independent clauses. Likewise, the nominalised predicates in (\ref{ex662} - \ref{ex664}) are clear cases of \isi{subordination}. But examples like (\ref{ex665}) are somewhat indeterminate. On the one hand, the \isi{recognitional} \isi{pronoun} creates a gap that needs to be filled. In other words, semantically, the second \isi{clause} is subordinated to the first \isi{clause}. On the other hand, the second clause is syntactically independent. Therefore, I refrain from analysing the \isi{recognitional} as a subordinator, but rather as having a connecting function.\footnote{Note that the recognitional demonstrative can be inflected for following cases: characteristic =ma `because', instrumental =me `thereby' and purposive =mr `in order to, until'.}
A: word: bäne=ma	 gloss: Recog=CHAR
B: word: fam=ä	 gloss: thought=ASSOC
C: word: mafane=ma=wä	 gloss: who.SG.POSS=CHAR=EMPH
D: word: bäne=me	 gloss: Recog=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): watik fi komnzo za\stem{thfär} bäne=ma fof ... nima ___ b=\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): then Third.ABS only TSG.F:SBJ:Rpst:PFV/junp Recog=CHAR EMPH ... like.this ___ MED=TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Well, she just lived on because of that ... because respected (the taboos). There she is.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples illustrate, that there is a cline between syntactically integrated clauses, i.e. subordinated clauses, and independent clauses. While both ends of the cline are relatively easy to identify, the middle is a grey zone. It is clear that examples like (\ref{ex666}) consists of two independent clauses. Likewise, the nominalised predicates in (\ref{ex662} - \ref{ex664}) are clear cases of \isi{subordination}. But examples like (\ref{ex665}) are somewhat indeterminate. On the one hand, the \isi{recognitional} \isi{pronoun} creates a gap that needs to be filled. In other words, semantically, the second \isi{clause} is subordinated to the first \isi{clause}. On the other hand, the second clause is syntactically independent. Therefore, I refrain from analysing the \isi{recognitional} as a subordinator, but rather as having a connecting function.\footnote{Note that the recognitional demonstrative can be inflected for following cases: characteristic =ma `because', instrumental =me `thereby' and purposive =mr `in order to, until'.}
A: word: kn-si=ma	 gloss: roll-NMLZ=CHAR
B: word: rirk-si=ma	 gloss: respect-NMLZ=CHAR
C: word: yr-si=ma	 gloss: weave-NMLZ=CHAR
D: word: yfö	 gloss: hole
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): keke kwa\stem{mätrak}wrm ___ ... fam z zwä\stem{rmän}th.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG SG:SBJ:PST:DUR/exit ___ ... thought IAM STSG:SBJ>TSG:.F:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/close.
The English translation of this sentence is:`She did not come outside because they had already closed her thoughts (with magic).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples illustrate, that there is a cline between syntactically integrated clauses, i.e. subordinated clauses, and independent clauses. While both ends of the cline are relatively easy to identify, the middle is a grey zone. It is clear that examples like (\ref{ex666}) consists of two independent clauses. Likewise, the nominalised predicates in (\ref{ex662} - \ref{ex664}) are clear cases of \isi{subordination}. But examples like (\ref{ex665}) are somewhat indeterminate. On the one hand, the \isi{recognitional} \isi{pronoun} creates a gap that needs to be filled. In other words, semantically, the second \isi{clause} is subordinated to the first \isi{clause}. On the other hand, the second clause is syntactically independent. Therefore, I refrain from analysing the \isi{recognitional} as a subordinator, but rather as having a connecting function.\footnote{Note that the recognitional demonstrative can be inflected for following cases: characteristic =ma `because', instrumental =me `thereby' and purposive =mr `in order to, until'.}
A: word: bäne=me	 gloss: Recog=INS
B: word: msar	 gloss: ant
C: word: zöbthé	 gloss: first
D: word: bäne=ma	 gloss: Recog=CHAR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): keke kwa\stem{mätrak}wrm bäne=ma ... ___ z zwä\stem{rmän}th.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG SG:SBJ:PST:DUR/exit Recog=CHAR ... ___ IAM STSG:SBJ>TSG:.F:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/close.
The English translation of this sentence is:`She did not come outside because they had already closed her thoughts (with magic).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples illustrate, that there is a cline between syntactically integrated clauses, i.e. subordinated clauses, and independent clauses. While both ends of the cline are relatively easy to identify, the middle is a grey zone. It is clear that examples like (\ref{ex666}) consists of two independent clauses. Likewise, the nominalised predicates in (\ref{ex662} - \ref{ex664}) are clear cases of \isi{subordination}. But examples like (\ref{ex665}) are somewhat indeterminate. On the one hand, the \isi{recognitional} \isi{pronoun} creates a gap that needs to be filled. In other words, semantically, the second \isi{clause} is subordinated to the first \isi{clause}. On the other hand, the second clause is syntactically independent. Therefore, I refrain from analysing the \isi{recognitional} as a subordinator, but rather as having a connecting function.\footnote{Note that the recognitional demonstrative can be inflected for following cases: characteristic =ma `because', instrumental =me `thereby' and purposive =mr `in order to, until'.}
A: word: bäne=me	 gloss: Recog=INS
B: word: fam=ä	 gloss: thought=ASSOC
C: word: fam	 gloss: thought
D: word: mayawa=ma	 gloss: mayawa=CHAR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mni w\stem{thomon}wath ___ zrä\stem{föf}th.
Gloss (with missing item): fire STPL:SBJ>TSG.F:PST:PST:IPFV/prepare.fire ___ STPL:SBJ>TSG.F:IRR:PFV/burn.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They piled the fire and burn it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Coordinthe morpheme ___tion refers to syntthe morpheme ___ctic constructions where two or more elements of equthe morpheme ___l stthe morpheme ___tus the morpheme ___re connected \citep{Hthe morpheme ___spelmthe morpheme ___th:2007coordinthe morpheme ___tion}. Komnzo employs the sthe morpheme ___me mechthe morpheme ___nisms for coordinthe morpheme ___ting \isi{noun phrthe morpheme ___se}s the morpheme ___s it does for coordinthe morpheme ___ting clthe morpheme ___uses. The word the morpheme ___ `the morpheme ___nd' cthe morpheme ___n be used for conjunctive \isi{coordinthe morpheme ___tion} (\ref{ex667}) the morpheme ___nd the word o `or' cthe morpheme ___n be used for disjunctive \isi{coordinthe morpheme ___tion} (\ref{ex714}).
A: word: nima	 gloss: Quot
B: word: nar-si=r	 gloss: press.down-NMLZ=PURP
C: word: yafsinzake	 gloss: FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:IO:PST:IPFV/count
D: word: a	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nafa-ŋame=f wn\stem{fath}wr ___ yn\stem{fath}wr.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.POSS-mother=ERG.SG STSG:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:NONPAST:VENIT/hold ___ STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:VENIT/hold.
The English translation of this sentence is:`(The child's) mother holds her or holds him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___the mits gloss ___pheme ___rdinatithe mits gloss ___pheme ___n refers tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ syntactic cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___nstructithe mits gloss ___pheme ___ns where twthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ the mits gloss ___pheme ___r mthe mits gloss ___pheme ___re elements the mits gloss ___pheme ___f equal status are cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___nnected \citep{Haspelmath:2007cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___the mits gloss ___pheme ___rdinatithe mits gloss ___pheme ___n}. Kthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mnzthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ emplthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ys the same mechanisms fthe mits gloss ___pheme ___r cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___the mits gloss ___pheme ___rdinating \isi{nthe mits gloss ___pheme ___un phrase}s as it dthe mits gloss ___pheme ___es fthe mits gloss ___pheme ___r cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___the mits gloss ___pheme ___rdinating clauses. The wthe mits gloss ___pheme ___rd a `and' can be used fthe mits gloss ___pheme ___r cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___njunctive \isi{cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___the mits gloss ___pheme ___rdinatithe mits gloss ___pheme ___n} (\ref{ex667}) and the wthe mits gloss ___pheme ___rd the mits gloss ___pheme ___ `the mits gloss ___pheme ___r' can be used fthe mits gloss ___pheme ___r disjunctive \isi{cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___the mits gloss ___pheme ___rdinatithe mits gloss ___pheme ___n} (\ref{ex714}).
A: word: komnzo	 gloss: only
B: word: baf=en	 gloss: Recog=LOC
C: word: grigri	 gloss: maggot
D: word: o	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nabi riwariwa kwa wä\stem{fiyok}wre ... ___ fof.
Gloss (with missing item): bamboo ring FUT FPL:SBJ>TSG.F:NONPAST:IPFV/make ... ___ EMPH.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We make a bamboo ring ... for pressing down (the membrane).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purposive adverbials are found in different construction. Example (\ref{ex698}) is from a procedural about making a drum. The speaker explains how a bamboo ring will hold the membrane in place after it is glued to the drum.
A: word: yfö	 gloss: hole
B: word: nar-si=r	 gloss: press.down-NMLZ=PURP
C: word: fumak-si=r	 gloss: pull.out-NMLZ=PURP
D: word: gar-si=r	 gloss: break-NMLZ=PURP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nä kayé zane zf y\stem{r}wre ___ ... zra rsr-si=r.
Gloss (with missing item): INDF day DEM:PROX IMM FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/scrape ___ ... swamp poison.fishing-NMLZ=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sometimes, we scrape (the root of) this one here for poisoning the waterholes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example (\ref{ex699}), the speaker shows me a particular tree used for poison-root fishing. The example shows that the \isi{purposive} \isi{clause} can take an \isi{object} by forming a compound `for swamp poisoning' > `to poison the swamp'. Note that the \isi{recognitional} \isi{pronoun} is used just before the nominalised verb.
A: word: nima	 gloss: Quot
B: word: bänemr=nzo	 gloss: Recog.PURP=ONLY
C: word: ŋ-a-kwi-n-th	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-run.EXT-DU-STNSG
D: word: bänemr	 gloss: Recog.PURP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nä kayé zane zf y\stem{r}wre bänemr ... ___ rsr-si=r.
Gloss (with missing item): INDF day DEM:PROX IMM FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/scrape Recog.PURP ... ___ poison.fishing-NMLZ=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sometimes, we scrape (the root of) this one here for poisoning the waterholes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example (\ref{ex699}), the speaker shows me a particular tree used for poison-root fishing. The example shows that the \isi{purposive} \isi{clause} can take an \isi{object} by forming a compound `for its gloss ___ poisoning' > `to poison the its gloss ___'. Note that the \isi{recognitional} \isi{pronoun} is used just before the nominalised verb.
A: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
B: word: zra	 gloss: swamp
C: word: nzram=ma	 gloss: flower=CHAR
D: word: ttfö	 gloss: creek
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wati far ane thd=en sf\stem{räz}rmth ___ kwim ŋad=me sf\stem{mthzg}wrmth.
Gloss (with missing item): then post DEM middle=LOC STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:DUR/erect ___ kwim rope=INS STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:DUR/encircle.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then, they were erecting a post in the middle in order to wrap around the kwim (Acacia mangium) rope.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purposive clauses can also be less syntactically integrated and form an independent \isi{clause}. In this case, they are usually introduced by the \isi{recognitional} flagged with \isi{purposive} \isi{case} the morpheme ___, which I translate with `in order to'. Example (\ref{ex700}) describes a tall structure used to show off the amount of a group's yams harvest. This structure involved a long post around which many layers of yam tubers were tied with thick rope.
A: word: bänemr=nzo	 gloss: Recog.PURP=ONLY
B: word: wati	 gloss: then
C: word: ane=ma	 gloss: DEM=CHAR
D: word: bänemr	 gloss: Recog.PURP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ŋafe fthémäsü kwosi ya\stem{r}a ... watik foba ni miyamr n\stem{rä} mafa=dben zena e\stem{thn}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ father meanwhile dead TSG.MASC:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be ... then DIST.ABL FNSG ignorance FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be who=LOC.ANIM.SG today STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/lie.down.
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the meantime our father died ... and from then one we don't know with whom (the rain stones) are today.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fthémäsü is not a subordinator because it can be used on independent clauses with the translation `in the meantime'. In example (\ref{ex692}), the speaker explains that after his father's death, the stones for rain-making were lost.
A: word: nzenme=ma	 gloss: FNSG.POSS=CHAR
B: word: nzone	 gloss: FSG.POSS
C: word: nima	 gloss: Quot
D: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fthé nima baf=en ka\stem{brig}rnoth holiday=en ___ fefe ka\stem{trif}e fi bobo \stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): when like.this Recog=LOC DU:SBJ:IMP:IPFV:ANDAT/return holiday=LOC ___ really Sdu:SBJ:IMP:PFV/tell Third.ABS MED.All TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`When you return in the holidays, then you have say: ``He is there!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A third strategy to connect a \isi{clause} temporally is by using the \isi{recognitional} inflected with the \isi{locative} case bafen. But this is an infrequent strategy because (i) the \isi{temporal} function is an extension of the \isi{locative} case and (ii) connecting clauses is only one function of the \isi{recognitional}. Example (\ref{ex693}) is about two men from Rouku who used to work on the Fly River. They run into another man from Rouku, who has been away for a long time. The \isi{recognitional} occurs twice. First, is it coreferential with holiday: `in that time ... during the holidays'. The second use is difficult to analyse because this is also a \isi{temporal}/\isi{conditional} construction, but one can assume that bafen introduces the second clause.
A: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
B: word: baf=ane	 gloss: Recog=POSS.SG
C: word: bäne=fo	 gloss: Recog=All
D: word: baf=en	 gloss: Recog=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D