cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wati ... ___ kwark=f ... wäni=f kre\stem{karis}o.
Gloss (with missing item): then ... ___ deceased=ERG.SG ... wäni=ERG.SG SG:SBJ:IRR:PFV:ANDAT/hear.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then, his late father, Wäni, heard (about it).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The lack of textual examples which display all possible fillers at once is best explained by a strong tendency to distribute information over several co-referential \isi{noun phrase}s, either in the same clause or over a series of clauses. This can be seen in examples like (\ref{ex527}), (\ref{ex528}) or (\ref{ex529}). I will address this topic in the following section.
A: word: baf	 gloss: Recog.ERG.SG
B: word: nafa-ŋafe=ane	 gloss: Third.POSS-father=POSS.SG
C: word: nafa-ŋafe	 gloss: Third.POSS-father
D: word: nafa-ŋafe-ane	 gloss: Third.POSS-father=POSS.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi ___ ŋatha nä mane e\stem{rä}ra fi ane bä b=kwa\stem{ru}thrmth büdisn=en mnz zn=en.
Gloss (with missing item): but ___ dog INDF which STPL:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be Third.ABS DEM MED MED=STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/bark Pl=LOC house place=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`But, as for the other big dogs, they were barking there in Büdisn at the house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The lack of textual examples which display all possible fillers at once is best explained by a strong tendency to distribute information over several co-referential \isi{noun phrase}s, either in the same clause or over a series of clauses. This can be seen in examples like (\ref{ex527}), (\ref{ex528}) or (\ref{ex529}). I will address this topic in the following section.
A: word: kafar	 gloss: big
B: word: kafar=nzo	 gloss: big=ONLY
C: word: zane	 gloss: DEM:PROX
D: word: k-kafar	 gloss: REDUP-big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ eda=wä ka-katan ... fosam daisy fi za\stem{r}ath dd e\stem{thari}nath.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ two=EMPH REDUP-small ... fosam daisy Third.ABS STDU:SBJ:PST:PFV/do worm STDU:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:IPFV/dig.
The English translation of this sentence is:`These two small (ones), Fosam and Daisy, they did that. They dug the worms.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{head} of a \isi{noun phrase} is often omitted. Consider example (\ref{ex535}), where a mother tells me that she had sent two small children to dig for worms. The example starts out with the \isi{noun phrase} the morpheme ___ edawä kakatan `these two small (ones)'. Ellipsis of the \isi{head} only occurs when the \isi{head} is recoverable from previous context, or if it is common ground between speaker and hearer.
A: word: zane	 gloss: DEM:PROX
B: word: zane=me	 gloss: DEM:PROX=INS
C: word: kma	 gloss: Pot
D: word: woga	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zuzi the\stem{thkäf}ath mig-si ... ___ zba wazi ... nä boba wazi.
Gloss (with missing item): fishing.line STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:PFV/start hang-NMLZ ... ___ PROX.ABL side ... INDF MED.ABL side.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They started hanging the fishing lines ... some on this side and some on the other side.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex536}) shows the \isi{indefinite} \isi{demonstrative} the morpheme ___ used twice without a \isi{head}. This is possible because the appropriate filler for the \textsc{head} slot zuzi `fishing line' was already mentioned.
A: word: näbi-kak=me	 gloss: one-DISTR=INS
B: word: baf	 gloss: Recog.ERG.SG
C: word: nä	 gloss: INDF
D: word: mnz=en	 gloss: house=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zuzi the\stem{thkäf}ath mig-si ... nä zba wazi ... ___ boba wazi.
Gloss (with missing item): fishing.line STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:PFV/start hang-NMLZ ... INDF PROX.ABL side ... ___ MED.ABL side.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They started hanging the fishing lines ... some on this side and some on the other side.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex536}) shows the \isi{indefinite} \isi{demonstrative} the morpheme ___ used twice without a \isi{head}. This is possible because the appropriate filler for the \textsc{head} slot zuzi `fishing line' was already mentioned.
A: word: zane	 gloss: DEM:PROX
B: word: nä	 gloss: INDF
C: word: näbi-kak=me	 gloss: one-DISTR=INS
D: word: mane=me	 gloss: which=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nafane nge ... wati kofä fthé brig-si=r n krä\stem{r} ... ___ kwa yn\stem{brig}wr zbo ... keke kwa krän\stem{mätr}.
Gloss (with missing item): TSG.POSS child ... then fish when return-NMLZ=PURP IMN STSG:SBJ:IRR:PFV/do ... ___ FUT STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/return PROX.All ... NEG FUT STSG:SBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/exit.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Its child ... well, when the fish tries to return, the small (one) will bring it back here ... it will not get out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex537}) is a description of a fish trap. These long bamboo baskets always consist of a larger basket and a smaller basket which is placed inside the bigger one. In the example, the speaker refers to the smaller basket as nafane nge `its child' and later only with an adjective katan `small' which is flagged with an \isi{ergative} \isi{case} marker.
A: word: yfö	 gloss: hole
B: word: katan=r	 gloss: small=PURP
C: word: katan=me	 gloss: small=INS
D: word: katan=f	 gloss: small=ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ane ___ kar emoth thwa\stem{nor}m.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM ___ place girl STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/shout.
The English translation of this sentence is:`These bush girls were shouting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compounds can be embedded within one another, which can lead to combinations of usually up to three elements. A rare example of a compound with four elements was coined by one of my informants to describe the botanist on our team: wämne taga yf kabe (lit. `tree leaf name man'). Embedded compounds are always left-branching, and thus we can represent long compounds in this way: [[[wämne taga]\textsubscript{3} yf]\textsubscript{2} kabe]\textsubscript{1}. Two corpus examples of longer compounds are given in (\ref{ex510}) and (\ref{ex511}).
A: word: katan=f	 gloss: small=ERG
B: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
C: word: t-trika-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
D: word: ksi	 gloss: bush
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ fthé srä\stem{bth} nima ... kabe zan miyo=f.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ when STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV/finish like.this ... man hitting desire=ERG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`That is when it overcomes him ... that bloodlust for people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compounds can be embedded within one another, which can lead to combinations of usually up to three elements. A rare example of a compound with four elements was coined by one of my informants to describe the botanist on our team: wämne taga yf kabe (lit. `tree leaf name man'). Embedded compounds are always left-branching, and thus we can represent long compounds in this way: [[[wämne taga]\textsubscript{3} yf]\textsubscript{2} kabe]\textsubscript{1}. Two corpus examples of longer compounds are given in (\ref{ex510}) and (\ref{ex511}).
A: word: baf	 gloss: Recog.ERG.SG
B: word: bafane	 gloss: Recog.POSS.SG
C: word: bi=karä=sü	 gloss: sago=PROP=ETC
D: word: tüfr	 gloss: plenty
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baf fthé srä\stem{bth} nima ... ___ zan miyo=f.
Gloss (with missing item): Recog.ERG.SG when STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV/finish like.this ... ___ hitting desire=ERG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`That is when it overcomes him ... that bloodlust for people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compounds can be embedded within one another, which can lead to combinations of usually up to three elements. A rare example of a compound with four elements was coined by one of my inforits gloss ___ts to describe the botanist on our team: wämne taga yf the morpheme ___ (lit. `tree leaf name its gloss ___'). Embedded compounds are always left-branching, and thus we can represent long compounds in this way: [[[wämne taga]\textsubscript{3} yf]\textsubscript{2} the morpheme ___]\textsubscript{1}. Two corpus examples of longer compounds are given in (\ref{ex510}) and (\ref{ex511}).
A: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
B: word: oroman	 gloss: old.man
C: word: kabe	 gloss: man
D: word: kabe=é	 gloss: people=ERG.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ane ___ kar emoth thwa\stem{nor}m.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM ___ place girl STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/shout.
The English translation of this sentence is:`These bush girls were shouting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Complex heads are different from complex \isi{noun phrase}s, that is, compounds in the \textsc{head} slot are distinct from embedded \isi{noun phrase}s. The latter must be marked with adnominal \isi{case}. Let us take the compound from example (\ref{ex510}): ane the morpheme ___ kar emoth `those its gloss ___ girls' (lit. `its gloss ___ place girls'). We can embed the \isi{noun phrase} the morpheme ___ kar `its gloss ___ place' into the matrix \isi{noun phrase} by adding the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} (=ma): the morpheme ___ karma emoth `girls from the its gloss ___'. In addition to \isi{case} marking, the reference of the \isi{demonstrative} ane in initial position depends on whether a \isi{noun phrase} is embedded or the \isi{head} contains a compound. In the former \isi{case}, ane refers to the \isi{head} of the embedded \isi{noun phrase}: ane the morpheme ___ karma emoth `girls from that its gloss ___ place'. If the \isi{head} slot contains a compound, and no embedding takes place, the \isi{demonstrative} refers to the compound, as in (\ref{ex510}). The reference of the \textsc{determiner} slot is described above in {\S}\ref{npsyntaxdeterminer}.
A: word: ksi	 gloss: bush
B: word: baf	 gloss: Recog.ERG.SG
C: word: t-trika-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
D: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ane ___ kar emoth thwa\stem{nor}m.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM ___ place girl STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/shout.
The English translation of this sentence is:`These bush girls were shouting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Complex heads are different from complex \isi{noun phrase}s, that is, compounds in the \textsc{head} slot are distinct from embedded \isi{noun phrase}s. The latter must be marked with adnominal \isi{case}. Let us take the compound from example (\ref{ex510}): ane the morpheme ___ kar emoth `those its gloss ___ girls' (lit. `its gloss ___ place girls'). We can embed the \isi{noun phrase} the morpheme ___ kar `its gloss ___ place' into the matrix \isi{noun phrase} by adding the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} (=ma): the morpheme ___ karma emoth `girls from the its gloss ___'. In addition to \isi{case} marking, the reference of the \isi{demonstrative} ane in initial position depends on whether a \isi{noun phrase} is embedded or the \isi{head} contains a compound. In the former \isi{case}, ane refers to the \isi{head} of the embedded \isi{noun phrase}: ane the morpheme ___ karma emoth `girls from that its gloss ___ place'. If the \isi{head} slot contains a compound, and no embedding takes place, the \isi{demonstrative} refers to the compound, as in (\ref{ex510}). The reference of the \textsc{determiner} slot is described above in {\S}\ref{npsyntaxdeterminer}.
A: word: ksi	 gloss: bush
B: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
C: word: t-trika-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
D: word: ruga	 gloss: pig
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ruga tabru=nzo e\stem{rä}ra nima b=e\stem{rä} ... ___ ruga.
Gloss (with missing item): pig five=ONLY STPL:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be like.this MED=STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ pig.
The English translation of this sentence is:`There were only five pigs like these ... raised pigs.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Lastly, I want to address compounds which involve nominalised verbs. Consider the compounds in (\ref{ex539}) and (\ref{ex540}). In (\ref{ex539}), the speaker points out that these were mgthksi ruga `raised pigs' as opposed to wild pigs. In (\ref{ex540}), the speaker stresses that he has raised enough pigs in his life, and that ruga mgthksi `pig feeding' is too much work.
A: word: fukthk-si=me	 gloss: mix-NMLZ=INS
B: word: mgthk-si	 gloss: feed-NMLZ
C: word: trik-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
D: word: kafar	 gloss: big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zena keke miyo wo\stem{rä} ___ mgthk-si ... znsä t-tüfr.
Gloss (with missing item): today NEG desire FSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ___ feed-NMLZ ... work REDUP-plenty.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Today, I do not want to feed pigs ... too much work.' (lit. `I do not desire pig feeding.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Lastly, I want to address compounds which involve nominalised verbs. Consider the compounds in (\ref{ex539}) and (\ref{ex540}). In (\ref{ex539}), the speaker points out that these were mgthksi the morpheme ___ `raised its gloss ___s' as opposed to wild its gloss ___s. In (\ref{ex540}), the speaker stresses that he has raised enough its gloss ___s in his life, and that the morpheme ___ mgthksi `its gloss ___ feeding' is too much work.
A: word: ruga	 gloss: pig
B: word: duga	 gloss: taro
C: word: faso	 gloss: meat
D: word: tüfr	 gloss: plenty
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ruga tabru=nzo e\stem{rä}ra nima b=e\stem{rä} ... ___ ruga.
Gloss (with missing item): pig five=ONLY STPL:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be like.this MED=STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ pig.
The English translation of this sentence is:`There were only five pigs like these ... raised pigs.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Lastly, I want to address compounds which involve nominalised verbs. Consider the compounds in (\ref{ex539}) and (\ref{ex540}). In (\ref{ex539}), the speaker points out that these were mgthksi ruga `raised pigs' as opposed to wild pigs. In (\ref{ex540}), the speaker stresses that he has raised enough pigs in his life, and that ruga mgthksi `pig feeding' is too much work.
A: word: trik-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
B: word: mgthk-si	 gloss: feed-NMLZ
C: word: fukthk-si=me	 gloss: mix-NMLZ=INS
D: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zena keke miyo wo\stem{rä} ___ mgthk-si ... znsä t-tüfr.
Gloss (with missing item): today NEG desire FSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ___ feed-NMLZ ... work REDUP-plenty.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Today, I do not want to feed pigs ... too much work.' (lit. `I do not desire pig feeding.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Lastly, I want to address compounds which involve nominalised verbs. Consider the compounds in (\ref{ex539}) and (\ref{ex540}). In (\ref{ex539}), the speaker points out that these were mgthksi the morpheme ___ `raised its gloss ___s' as opposed to wild its gloss ___s. In (\ref{ex540}), the speaker stresses that he has raised enough its gloss ___s in his life, and that the morpheme ___ mgthksi `its gloss ___ feeding' is too much work.
A: word: ruga	 gloss: pig
B: word: faso	 gloss: meat
C: word: nzone	 gloss: FSG.POSS
D: word: duga	 gloss: taro
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A