cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 92:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): katan kwa ___ ... kafar minzü yé.
Gloss (with missing item): small FUT ___ ... big very TSG.MASC.COP.NDU.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I will make it smaller. This is too big.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As we have seen in {\S}\ref{irrealisra}, the irrealis is marked by the prefix ra-. There is no \isi{realis} marker, hence no realis inflection. Beyond counterfactuality and futurity, the \isi{irrealis} \isi{mood} has a number of semantic extensions in Komnzo. Cross-linguistically \isi{irrealis} \isi{mood} is employed for a wide range of functions, which has led some authors to challenge its validity as a comparative category (\citealt{Bybee:irrealis}). Others have suggested a prototype approach to \isi{irrealis} \isi{mood}, for example Givon (\citeyear[327]{Givon:1994ko}). I will adopt the latter here. Example (\ref{ex381}) and (\ref{ex382}) show the \isi{irrealis} \isi{mood} in its more central functions, counterfactuality and futurity, respectively. Examples (\ref{ex381}) is taken from a headhunting story which involved the speaker's father.\footnote{The example also shows the `relative use' of the immediate past. Although the events in the story happened a long time ago, the speaker uses the immediate past (niyamnzrm `He was staying just before') to emphasise that the headhunt took place just after his father had left the village.} Example (\ref{ex382}) is taken from a procedural in which the speaker shows me how to make a toy from a coconut leaf.
A: word: w-a-fiyok-w-a-∅	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-VC.-make.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG
B: word: s-ra-na-thr-m-th	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-IRR-eat.EXT-NDU-DUR-STNSG
C: word: s-rä-fiyoth-é	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-make.RS-FSG
D: word: s-a-brim-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-return.RS-SSG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 93:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ efoth etfth kwof-rugr-m e zizi ... k-rä-bnaf-é.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ sun sleep FSG.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR until afternoon ... M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-wake.up.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I fell asleep (for) a daytime nap. I was sleeping until the late afternoon ... and I woke up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: k-rä-mnzer-é	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-fall.asleep.RS-FSG
B: word: k-rä-bth-∅	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-finish.RS-STSG
C: word: k-ra-ms-e	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG
D: word: n-a-trik-w-é	 gloss: SSG.ALPH-VC.-tell.EXT-NDU-FSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 94:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): k-rä-mnzer-é efoth etfth ___ e zizi ... k-rä-bnaf-é.
Gloss (with missing item): M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-fall.asleep.RS-FSG sun sleep ___ until afternoon ... M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-wake.up.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I fell asleep (for) a daytime nap. I was sleeping until the late afternoon ... and I woke up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: kwof-rugr-m	 gloss: FSG.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR
B: word: rku-si	 gloss: knock.down-NMLZ
C: word: sf-rug-rm	 gloss: TSG.M.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR
D: word: k-ra-kwi-n-m-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-argue.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 95:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ efoth etfth kwof-rugr-m e zizi ... k-rä-bnaf-é.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ sun sleep FSG.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR until afternoon ... M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-wake.up.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I fell asleep (for) a daytime nap. I was sleeping until the late afternoon ... and I woke up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: zf-r-n-m-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
B: word: k-ra-ms-e	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG
C: word: k-rä-bth-∅	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-finish.RS-STSG
D: word: k-rä-mnzer-é	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-fall.asleep.RS-FSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 96:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): k-rä-mnzer-é efoth etfth ___ e zizi ... k-rä-bnaf-é.
Gloss (with missing item): M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-fall.asleep.RS-FSG sun sleep ___ until afternoon ... M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-wake.up.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I fell asleep (for) a daytime nap. I was sleeping until the late afternoon ... and I woke up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: sf-rug-rm	 gloss: TSG.M.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR
B: word: bi=karä=sü	 gloss: sago=PROP=ETC
C: word: kayé	 gloss: yesterday
D: word: kwof-rugr-m	 gloss: FSG.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 97:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n-yan-a ttfö bä rä ... bäne ... sazäthi fä k-ra-ms-e sukufa ___ e-a-na-n-e boba k-ra-far-e ... zbär nzf-yan-m.
Gloss (with missing item): FNSG.Alph-walk.EXT.DU-PST creek MED TSG.F.COP.NDU ... Recog.ABS ... sazäthi DIST M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG tobacco ___ STNSG.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-DU-FNSG MED.ABL M.ALPH-IRR.VC..DU-set.off.RS-FNSG ... night FNSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.DU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We walked. There is a creek there (called) Sazäthi. We sat down there, rolled the cigarettes and smoked. We set off from there. We were walking in the night.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: m=gn-a-n-yak-é	 gloss: Appr=SSG.BET-VC.-VENIT-walk.EXT.NDU-IMP
B: word: e-nak-w-r-e	 gloss: STNSG.Alph-put.down.EXT-NDU-LK-FNSG
C: word: w-mäg-n-e	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-lead.EXT-DU-FNSG
D: word: e-kn-n-e	 gloss: STNSG.Alph-roll.EXT-DU-FNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 98:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n-yan-a ttfö bä rä ... bäne ... sazäthi fä k-ra-ms-e sukufa e-kn-n-e ___ boba k-ra-far-e ... zbär nzf-yan-m.
Gloss (with missing item): FNSG.Alph-walk.EXT.DU-PST creek MED TSG.F.COP.NDU ... Recog.ABS ... sazäthi DIST M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG tobacco STNSG.Alph-roll.EXT-DU-FNSG ___ MED.ABL M.ALPH-IRR.VC..DU-set.off.RS-FNSG ... night FNSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.DU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We walked. There is a creek there (called) Sazäthi. We sat down there, rolled the cigarettes and smoked. We set off from there. We were walking in the night.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: th-ä-rifth-m-∅	 gloss: STNSG.BET-NDU-send.RS-DUR-SSG.IMP
B: word: e-a-na-n-e	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-DU-FNSG
C: word: ŋ-a-na-f-r-∅	 gloss: M-VC.-speak.RS-NDU-LK-STSG
D: word: e-kn-n-e	 gloss: STNSG.Alph-roll.EXT-DU-FNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 99:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n-yan-a ttfö bä rä ... bäne ... sazäthi fä k-ra-ms-e sukufa ___ e-a-na-n-e boba k-ra-far-e ... zbär nzf-yan-m.
Gloss (with missing item): FNSG.Alph-walk.EXT.DU-PST creek MED TSG.F.COP.NDU ... Recog.ABS ... sazäthi DIST M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG tobacco ___ STNSG.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-DU-FNSG MED.ABL M.ALPH-IRR.VC..DU-set.off.RS-FNSG ... night FNSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.DU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We walked. There is a creek there (called) Sazäthi. We sat down there, rolled the cigarettes and smoked. We set off from there. We were walking in the night.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: e-kn-n-e	 gloss: STNSG.Alph-roll.EXT-DU-FNSG
B: word: e-nak-w-r-e	 gloss: STNSG.Alph-put.down.EXT-NDU-LK-FNSG
C: word: ŋatha=nm	 gloss: dog=DAT.NSG
D: word: w-mäg-n-e	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-lead.EXT-DU-FNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 100:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n-yan-a ttfö bä rä ... bäne ... sazäthi fä k-ra-ms-e sukufa e-kn-n-e ___ boba k-ra-far-e ... zbär nzf-yan-m.
Gloss (with missing item): FNSG.Alph-walk.EXT.DU-PST creek MED TSG.F.COP.NDU ... Recog.ABS ... sazäthi DIST M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG tobacco STNSG.Alph-roll.EXT-DU-FNSG ___ MED.ABL M.ALPH-IRR.VC..DU-set.off.RS-FNSG ... night FNSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.DU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We walked. There is a creek there (called) Sazäthi. We sat down there, rolled the cigarettes and smoked. We set off from there. We were walking in the night.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} \isi{mood} is frequently used in narratives which report factual truths. Foley (\citeyear[389]{Foley:2000uh}) points out that Papuan languages often employ the realis-irrealis distinction for pragmatic purposes. In Komnzo, the pragmatic use comes from the alternation between \isi{irrealis} and \isi{realis} inflections especially in event sequencing. In this pattern, the \isi{irrealis} is used for backgrounding. Example (\ref{ex377}) is taken from a hunting story that occured many years ago. The story is told from a first-person perspective, thus, there is no reason to question the factual truth of what is being told. The clauses in (\ref{ex377}) describe a sequence of events: fall asleep > be sleeping > wake up. Only the foregrounded clause (`sleep') is expressed in \isi{realis} (\isi{past} \isi{durative}), whereas the \isi{backgrounded} clauses (`fall asleep' and `wake up') are expressed in \isi{irrealis} (\isi{perfective}). In that sense, the \isi{irrealis} verb forms act as a backgrounding bracket around the foregrounded clause.\footnote{Note that example (\ref{ex668}) on page \pageref{ex668} employs the same bracket-like use of the irrealis inflected verb forms. The only difference is that in (\ref{ex668}), the foregrounded event is in the non-past, whereas in (\ref{ex377}) the foregrounded event is in past durative.}
A: word: e-a-na-n-e	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-DU-FNSG
B: word: ŋ-a-na-f-r-∅	 gloss: M-VC.-speak.RS-NDU-LK-STSG
C: word: e-kn-n-e	 gloss: STNSG.Alph-roll.EXT-DU-FNSG
D: word: s-a-kwr-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.ALPH-NDU-hit.RS-SSG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A