cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): teste ___ bobomr {kwarikwari} efoth ... sokoro kf-ä-bth-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): thursday ___ until midday sun ... school M.Betatwo-VC..NDU-finish.RS-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`On Thursday, he was teaching us until midday and then school always ended (for the week).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \Betaone{} and \Betatwo{} series are used for \isi{recent past} \isi{imperfective} (\ref{ex280}), \isi{past} \isi{durative} (first verb in \ref{ex279}) and \isi{past} \isi{iterative} (second verb in \ref{ex279}). In example (\ref{ex279}), the speaker talks about his experiences at the Rouku mission school in the 1960s.
A: word: zu-∅-kor-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-DU-speak.RS-PST-STNSG
B: word: nzu-a-m-nzr-m	 gloss: FNSG.Betatwo-VC.-sit.EXT-NDU-DUR
C: word: zu-a-fsi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-VC-count.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
D: word: nzu-a-sämi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BETaone-VC.-whisper.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): teste ___ bobomr {kwarikwari} efoth ... sokoro kf-ä-bth-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): thursday ___ until midday sun ... school M.Betatwo-VC..NDU-finish.RS-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`On Thursday, he was teaching us until midday and then school always ended (for the week).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \Betaone{} and \Betatwo{} series are used for \isi{recent past} \isi{imperfective} (\ref{ex280}), \isi{past} \isi{durative} (first verb in \ref{ex279}) and \isi{past} \isi{iterative} (second verb in \ref{ex279}). In example (\ref{ex279}), the speaker talks about his experiences at the Rouku mission school in the 1960s.
A: word: zu-a-fsi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-VC-count.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
B: word: nzu-a-m-nzr-m	 gloss: FNSG.Betatwo-VC.-sit.EXT-NDU-DUR
C: word: nzu-a-sämi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BETaone-VC.-whisper.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
D: word: z-a-ms-e	 gloss: M.GAM-VC..DU-sit.RS-FNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): teste ___ bobomr {kwarikwari} efoth ... sokoro kf-ä-bth-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): thursday ___ until midday sun ... school M.Betatwo-VC..NDU-finish.RS-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`On Thursday, he was teaching us until midday and then school always ended (for the week).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \Betaone{} and \Betatwo{} series are used for \isi{recent past} \isi{imperfective} (\ref{ex280}), \isi{past} \isi{durative} (first verb in \ref{ex279}) and \isi{past} \isi{iterative} (second verb in \ref{ex279}). In example (\ref{ex279}), the speaker talks about his experiences at the Rouku mission school in the 1960s.
A: word: nzu-a-sämi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BETaone-VC.-whisper.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
B: word: zu-a-fsi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-VC-count.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
C: word: nzu-a-m-nzr-m	 gloss: FNSG.Betatwo-VC.-sit.EXT-NDU-DUR
D: word: k-ra-kwi-n-m-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-argue.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): watik zä zf ___ bä nzn-ä-thor.
Gloss (with missing item): then PROX IMM ___ SSG SSG.GAM-NDU-arrive.RS.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then, we two sat down and you arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \Gam{} prefixes are used for the perfectives: the \isi{recent past} \isi{perfective} (\ref{ex281}) and the \isi{past} \isi{perfective} (\ref{ex282}). Example (\ref{ex281}) comes from a spontaneous conversation in the yam garden when a friend happened to pass by on his bicycle. Example (\ref{ex282}) describes a dance that took place in the nearby settlement of Forzitho.
A: word: z-a-ms-e	 gloss: M.GAM-VC..DU-sit.RS-FNSG
B: word: m=e-rn	 gloss: where=STNSG.ALPH-COP.DU
C: word: k-ra-ms-e	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG
D: word: th-ra-nor	 gloss: STNSG.BET-IRR-shout.EXT.NDU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): watik zä zf ___ bä nzn-ä-thor.
Gloss (with missing item): then PROX IMM ___ SSG SSG.GAM-NDU-arrive.RS.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then, we two sat down and you arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \Gam{} prefixes are used for the perfectives: the \isi{recent past} \isi{perfective} (\ref{ex281}) and the \isi{past} \isi{perfective} (\ref{ex282}). Example (\ref{ex281}) comes from a spontaneous conversation in the yam garden when a friend happened to pass by on his bicycle. Example (\ref{ex282}) describes a dance that took place in the nearby settlement of Forzitho.
A: word: nafane=ma=wä	 gloss: TSG.POSS=CHAR=EMPH
B: word: k-ra-ms-e	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG
C: word: z-a-ms-e	 gloss: M.GAM-VC..DU-sit.RS-FNSG
D: word: e-a-na-n-e	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-DU-FNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): grä-thé znsä rä ... thrma ___ bun.
Gloss (with missing item): slow-Adlzr work TSG.F.COP.NDU ... later ___ SSG.DAT.
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is easy work ... I will teach you later.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{irrealis} prefix ra- is used for the \isi{imperfective}, \isi{perfective} and \isi{durative} \isi{irrealis} inflections. We have seen examples of all three \isi{aspect} values in (\ref{ex286}) and (\ref{ex287}). Example (\ref{ex286}) showed that the only place in the paradigm where the \isi{irrealis} prefix ra- is not used is the second \isi{person} singular of an ambifixing \isi{verb}.
A: word: nzu-a-sämi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BETaone-VC.-whisper.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
B: word: k-ä-tharuf-∅	 gloss: M.BET-VC..NDU-enter.RS-SSG.IMP
C: word: nz-a-sämir-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-VC..NDU-whisper.RS-FSG
D: word: k-rä-bth-m-o-∅	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-finish.RS-DUR-ANDAT-SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): grä-thé znsä rä ... thrma ___ bun.
Gloss (with missing item): slow-Adlzr work TSG.F.COP.NDU ... later ___ SSG.DAT.
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is easy work ... I will teach you later.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{irrealis} prefix ra- is used for the \isi{imperfective}, \isi{perfective} and \isi{durative} \isi{irrealis} inflections. We have seen examples of all three \isi{aspect} values in (\ref{ex286}) and (\ref{ex287}). Example (\ref{ex286}) showed that the only place in the paradigm where the \isi{irrealis} prefix ra- is not used is the second \isi{person} singular of an ambifixing \isi{verb}.
A: word: k-ä-tharuf-∅	 gloss: M.BET-VC..NDU-enter.RS-SSG.IMP
B: word: nzu-a-sämi-nzr-m-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BETaone-VC.-whisper.EXT-NDU-DUR-STSG
C: word: nz-a-sämir-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-VC..NDU-whisper.RS-FSG
D: word: z-a-ms-e	 gloss: M.GAM-VC..DU-sit.RS-FNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ŋatha=r foba ___ th-rä-thkäf-é.
Gloss (with missing item): dog=PURP DIST.ABL ___ STNSG.BET-IRR.NDU-start.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`From there, I started calling out for the dogs.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interaction of the \isi{irrealis} prefix with the \isi{valency} changing prefix a- and pre-stem dual marking is explained in {\S}\ref{prerootdual}. In that section, I pointed out that the \isi{irrealis} prefix ra- overrides the \isi{valency} changing prefix a- to the effect that the absence versus presence of the \isi{valency} changing prefix is neutralised. For verb forms which employ the extended stem, this \isi{neutralisation} is complete. For verb forms which employ the restricted stem, there are small changes in the pre-stem duality marking pattern ({\S}\ref{prerootdual}). In these cases, only the \isi{case} frame indicates whether the \isi{undergoer} argument is a direct \isi{object}, such as the absolutive \isi{case} on szsi `calling' in (\ref{ex288}), or an indirect object, such as the dative \isi{case} on ŋatha in (\ref{ex289}). Both examples are taken from the same hunting story in which the narrator talks about his usual routines when going on a hunting expedition.
A: word: rku-si	 gloss: knock.down-NMLZ
B: word: nz-ä-n-mes-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-NDU-VENIT-fetch.RS-FSG
C: word: sz-si	 gloss: call.out-NMLZ
D: word: rifthz-si=me	 gloss: hide-NMLZ=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): watik wo-a-m-nz-a ___ biskar mni th-rä-thkäf-é.
Gloss (with missing item): then FSG.ALPH-VC.-sit.EXT-NDU-PST ___ cassawa fire STNSG.BET-IRR.NDU-start.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then I sat and started to cook the cassava for the dogs.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interaction of the \isi{irrealis} prefix with the \isi{valency} changing prefix a- and pre-stem dual marking is explained in {\S}\ref{prerootdual}. In that section, I pointed out that the \isi{irrealis} prefix ra- overrides the \isi{valency} changing prefix a- to the effect that the absence versus presence of the \isi{valency} changing prefix is neutralised. For verb forms which employ the extended stem, this \isi{neutralisation} is complete. For verb forms which employ the restricted stem, there are small changes in the pre-stem duality marking pattern ({\S}\ref{prerootdual}). In these cases, only the \isi{case} frame indicates whether the \isi{undergoer} argument is a direct \isi{object}, such as the absolutive \isi{case} on szsi `calling' in (\ref{ex288}), or an indirect object, such as the dative \isi{case} on ŋatha in (\ref{ex289}). Both examples are taken from the same hunting story in which the narrator talks about his usual routines when going on a hunting expedition.
A: word: zokwasi=mär	 gloss: word=PRIV
B: word: ŋatha=nm	 gloss: dog=DAT.NSG
C: word: ŋatha=yé	 gloss: dog=ERG.NSG
D: word: nz=y-brüz-∅-é	 gloss: IMMpst=TSG.MASC.ALPH-submerge.EXT-NDU-FSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mama bä bana k-ä-tharuf-∅ zuzi k-ä-zir-\Zero.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ mother SSG poor M.BET-VC..NDU-enter.RS-SSG.IMP fishing.line M.BET-VC..NDU-throw.RS-SSG.IMP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They said to me: ``Mama, get on (the canoe) and throw the fishing line!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The position of the \isi{past} suffix -a within the suffixing subsystem is described in {\S}\ref{personsuffsection}. The \isi{past} suffix -a is employed for two TAM categories: the \isi{past} \isi{imperfective} (\ref{ex290}) and the \isi{past} \isi{perfective} (\ref{ex291}). Example (\ref{ex290}) is taken from a text on oral history of the Morehead district. The narrator talks about conficts caused by an alleged sorcerer in the 1940s. The second example (\ref{ex291}) comes from a much more recent event, where aa woman is talking about camping at the Morehead river and going fishing only a week before the recording was made.
A: word: kwa	 gloss: FUT
B: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
C: word: zu-∅-kor-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-DU-speak.RS-PST-STNSG
D: word: zu-ä-kor-∅	 gloss: FSG.GAM-NDU-speak.RS-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mama bä bana k-ä-tharuf-∅ zuzi k-ä-zir-\Zero.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ mother SSG poor M.BET-VC..NDU-enter.RS-SSG.IMP fishing.line M.BET-VC..NDU-throw.RS-SSG.IMP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They said to me: ``Mama, get on (the canoe) and throw the fishing line!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The position of the \isi{past} suffix -a within the suffixing subsystem is described in {\S}\ref{personsuffsection}. The \isi{past} suffix -a is employed for two TAM categories: the \isi{past} \isi{imperfective} (\ref{ex290}) and the \isi{past} \isi{perfective} (\ref{ex291}). Example (\ref{ex290}) is taken from a text on oral history of the Morehead district. The narrator talks about conficts caused by an alleged sorcerer in the 1940s. The second example (\ref{ex291}) comes from a much more recent event, where aa woman is talking about camping at the Morehead river and going fishing only a week before the recording was made.
A: word: k-ra-n-brig-wr-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-VENIT-return.EXT-NDU-STNSG
B: word: zu-∅-kor-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-DU-speak.RS-PST-STNSG
C: word: zu-ä-kor-∅	 gloss: FSG.GAM-NDU-speak.RS-STSG
D: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fthé bone kafar=wä ___ eh yabun zane wtri=karä=sü we gn-rä-r-m.
Gloss (with missing item): when SSG.POSS big=EMPH ___ eh big DEM:PROX fear=PROP=ETC also SSG.BET-COP-NDU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they have just held your big (yam tubers) and say: ``Hey, that (is) a big one!'' then you have to be afraid!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{durative} suffix -m is described in {\S}\ref{personsuffsection} with regard to its position in the suffixing subsystem. It is employed for \isi{durative} \isi{aspect}, which expresses an ongoing event in the \isi{immediate past}\footnote{The immediate past occurs with a low frequency in the text corpus and, consequently, there is only a handful of examples in the immediate past durative.\footnotesize Example (\ref{ex274}) on page \pageref{ex274} is one of these.}, \isi{recent past} (\ref{ex293}), \isi{past} (\ref{ex292}) and \isi{irrealis} (\ref{ex294}). In example (\ref{ex293}), the speaker reports on how he fought a bushfire in his garden the preceding day. Example (\ref{ex292}) is taken from a story about rain-making magic which the narrator acquired and practiced in his youth. The \isi{irrealis} example (\ref{ex294}) is taken from a conversation about local customs surrounding the sister-exchange system.
A: word: n=y-a-m-nzr-m	 gloss: IMMpst=TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-sit.EXT-NDU-DUR
B: word: sz-si	 gloss: call.out-NMLZ
C: word: n=e-fath-wr-m-th	 gloss: IMMpst=STNSG.ALPH-hold.EXT-NDU-DUR-STNSG
D: word: thu-zirak-wr-m-th	 gloss: STNSG.BETaone-tie.EXT-NDU-DUR-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fäms fthé ___ ... fäms fäms=nzo ....
Gloss (with missing item): exchange.man when ___ ... exchange.man exchange.man=ONLY ....
The English translation of this sentence is:`When exchange men are fighting ... exchange man (against) exchange man ...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{durative} suffix -m is described in {\S}\ref{personsuffsection} with regard to its position in the suffixing subsystem. It is employed for \isi{durative} \isi{aspect}, which expresses an ongoing event in the \isi{immediate past}\footnote{The immediate past occurs with a low frequency in the text corpus and, consequently, there is only a handful of examples in the immediate past durative.\footnotesize Example (\ref{ex274}) on page \pageref{ex274} is one of these.}, \isi{recent past} (\ref{ex293}), \isi{past} (\ref{ex292}) and \isi{irrealis} (\ref{ex294}). In example (\ref{ex293}), the speaker reports on how he fought a bushfire in his garden the preceding day. Example (\ref{ex292}) is taken from a story about rain-making magic which the narrator acquired and practiced in his youth. The \isi{irrealis} example (\ref{ex294}) is taken from a conversation about local customs surrounding the sister-exchange system.
A: word: k-ra-kwi-n-m-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-argue.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
B: word: ŋ-a-kwi-n-th	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-run.EXT-DU-STNSG
C: word: k-ra-ms-e	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG
D: word: nama	 gloss: two.days.ago
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fäms fthé ___ ... fäms fäms=nzo ....
Gloss (with missing item): exchange.man when ___ ... exchange.man exchange.man=ONLY ....
The English translation of this sentence is:`When exchange men are fighting ... exchange man (against) exchange man ...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{durative} suffix -m is described in {\S}\ref{personsuffsection} with regard to its position in the suffixing subsystem. It is employed for \isi{durative} \isi{aspect}, which expresses an ongoing event in the \isi{immediate past}\footnote{The immediate past occurs with a low frequency in the text corpus and, consequently, there is only a handful of examples in the immediate past durative.\footnotesize Example (\ref{ex274}) on page \pageref{ex274} is one of these.}, \isi{recent past} (\ref{ex293}), \isi{past} (\ref{ex292}) and \isi{irrealis} (\ref{ex294}). In example (\ref{ex293}), the speaker reports on how he fought a bushfire in his garden the preceding day. Example (\ref{ex292}) is taken from a story about rain-making magic which the narrator acquired and practiced in his youth. The \isi{irrealis} example (\ref{ex294}) is taken from a conversation about local customs surrounding the sister-exchange system.
A: word: k-ra-ms-e	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.DU-sit.RS-FNSG
B: word: k-ra-kwi-n-m-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-argue.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
C: word: ŋ-a-kwi-n-th	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-run.EXT-DU-STNSG
D: word: m=e-rn	 gloss: where=STNSG.ALPH-COP.DU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B