cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n thrma ___ ... fthé z-rä-bth-é zane kafar.
Gloss (with missing item): IMN later ___ ... when TSG.F.BET-IRR.NDU-finish.RS-FSG DEM:PROX big.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Later I will try and fetch you, when I have finished that big (basket).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{imminent} \isi{particle} n expresses the point in time just before the event takes place, usually without implying that it actually happened. This often gets translated by informants as `try to do X' or `be about to do X'. Both interpretations, the intentional and the imminent one, are possible and difficult to separate. In example (\ref{ex307}), the speaker showed me how to weave a fish basket. He says that he will try and fetch me when the work is finished because he does not know whether or not it will be successful.\footnote{Indeed, he never came and showed me the finished fish basket because I had already left the village. But he proudly presented it to me in the following year.}
A: word: nz-ä-n-mes-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-NDU-VENIT-fetch.RS-FSG
B: word: nz-a-sämir-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-VC..NDU-whisper.RS-FSG
C: word: zf-r-n-m-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
D: word: z-ä-n-far-é	 gloss: M.GAM-VC..NDU-VENIT-set.off.EXT-FSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ zf-r-n-m-th di kam gar-si=r awkwot ngemäku kabe matak e-rä.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG back.of.head bone break-NMLZ=PURP interjection foster.parent man nothing STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were about to break her neck. (He said:) ``Oh no, my friend, all the people have left!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{immithe morpheme ___ethe morpheme ___t} \isi{particle} cathe morpheme ___ occur with ithe morpheme ___flectiothe morpheme ___s of differethe morpheme ___t TAM categories. The importathe morpheme ___t part of its semathe morpheme ___tic cothe morpheme ___tributiothe morpheme ___ is twofold: (i) the poithe morpheme ___t ithe morpheme ___ time before the evethe morpheme ___t athe morpheme ___d (ii) the fact that the actiothe morpheme ___ has the morpheme ___ot yet beethe morpheme ___ carried out or \textethe morpheme ___dash{} ithe morpheme ___ most cases \textethe morpheme ___dash{} is the morpheme ___ot or was the morpheme ___ot carried out. Example (\ref{ex308}) is takethe morpheme ___ from a headhuthe morpheme ___tithe morpheme ___g story ithe morpheme ___ which two methe morpheme ___ are about to kill a youthe morpheme ___g womathe morpheme ___ whethe morpheme ___ they realise that the rest of their headhuthe morpheme ___tithe morpheme ___g party has left already.\footthe morpheme ___ote{The word the morpheme ___gemäku ithe morpheme ___ the example is athe morpheme ___ address term betweethe morpheme ___ two people where othe morpheme ___e has adopted the child of the other.}
A: word: kabe=yé	 gloss: man=ERG.NSG
B: word: z-a-ms-e	 gloss: M.GAM-VC..DU-sit.RS-FNSG
C: word: komnzo	 gloss: only
D: word: n	 gloss: IMN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n ___ di kam gar-si=r awkwot ngemäku kabe matak e-rä.
Gloss (with missing item): IMN ___ back.of.head bone break-NMLZ=PURP interjection foster.parent man nothing STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were about to break her neck. (He said:) ``Oh no, my friend, all the people have left!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{imminent} \isi{particle} can occur with inflections of different TAM categories. The important part of its semantic contribution is twofold: (i) the point in time before the event and (ii) the fact that the action has not yet been carried out or \textendash{} in most cases \textendash{} is not or was not carried out. Example (\ref{ex308}) is taken from a headhunting story in which two men are about to kill a young woman when they realise that the rest of their headhunting party has left already.\footnote{The word ngemäku in the example is an address term between two people where one has adopted the child of the other.}
A: word: k-ra-kwi-n-m-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-argue.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
B: word: thf-rä-rm	 gloss: STNSG.Betatwo-COP.NDU-DUR
C: word: nomai	 gloss: Hab
D: word: zf-r-n-m-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ thrma nz-ä-n-mes-é ... fthé z-rä-bth-é zane kafar.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ later SSG.BET-NDU-VENIT-fetch.RS-FSG ... when TSG.F.BET-IRR.NDU-finish.RS-FSG DEM:PROX big.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Later I will try and fetch you, when I have finished that big (basket).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is athe morpheme ___ overlap ithe morpheme ___ the semathe morpheme ___tics of the \isi{proclitic} the morpheme ___= which ethe morpheme ___codes \isi{immediate past} athe morpheme ___d the \isi{immithe morpheme ___ethe morpheme ___t} \isi{particle} the morpheme ___. I poithe morpheme ___ted out earlier that the \isi{immediate past} \isi{clitic} attaches to a verb which is otherwise ithe morpheme ___flected for \isi{the morpheme ___othe morpheme ___-past}. Thus, it marks a poithe morpheme ___t ithe morpheme ___ time immediately before the presethe morpheme ___t. The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ occurs ithe morpheme ___ frothe morpheme ___t of verb forms of differethe morpheme ___t TAM categories, markithe morpheme ___g a poithe morpheme ___t ithe morpheme ___ time immediately before the evethe morpheme ___t. The semathe morpheme ___tic differethe morpheme ___ce is ithe morpheme ___ the implicatiothe morpheme ___ as to whether or the morpheme ___ot the evethe morpheme ___t was actually carried out. Ithe morpheme ___ the case of the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic}, the evethe morpheme ___t has happethe morpheme ___ed, but with the \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ this is the morpheme ___ot the case. The differethe morpheme ___ce betweethe morpheme ___ the two also lies ithe morpheme ___ formal criteria. The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is sythe morpheme ___tactically ithe morpheme ___depethe morpheme ___dethe morpheme ___t ithe morpheme ___ that it occurs free (\ref{ex307}), or occur directly ithe morpheme ___ frothe morpheme ___t of the verb, where it is hard to say whether it is a \isi{proclitic} or athe morpheme ___ ithe morpheme ___depethe morpheme ___dethe morpheme ___t elemethe morpheme ___t (\ref{ex308}). Othe morpheme ___ the other hathe morpheme ___d, the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic} the morpheme ___= is always bouthe morpheme ___d to the verb.
A: word: komnzo	 gloss: only
B: word: n=ŋ-a-trik-w-é	 gloss: IMMpst=M.ALPH-VC.-tell.EXT-NDU-FSG
C: word: mobo	 gloss: where.All
D: word: n	 gloss: IMN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n thrma ___ ... fthé z-rä-bth-é zane kafar.
Gloss (with missing item): IMN later ___ ... when TSG.F.BET-IRR.NDU-finish.RS-FSG DEM:PROX big.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Later I will try and fetch you, when I have finished that big (basket).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is an overlap in the semantics of the \isi{proclitic} n= which encodes \isi{immediate past} and the \isi{imminent} \isi{particle} n. I pointed out earlier that the \isi{immediate past} \isi{clitic} attaches to a verb which is otherwise inflected for \isi{non-past}. Thus, it marks a point in time immediately before the present. The \isi{particle} n occurs in front of verb forms of different TAM categories, marking a point in time immediately before the event. The semantic difference is in the implication as to whether or not the event was actually carried out. In the case of the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic}, the event has happened, but with the \isi{particle} n this is not the case. The difference between the two also lies in formal criteria. The \isi{particle} n is syntactically independent in that it occurs free (\ref{ex307}), or occur directly in front of the verb, where it is hard to say whether it is a \isi{proclitic} or an independent element (\ref{ex308}). On the other hand, the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic} n= is always bound to the verb.
A: word: nz-ä-n-mes-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-NDU-VENIT-fetch.RS-FSG
B: word: n=e-fath-wr-m-th	 gloss: IMMpst=STNSG.ALPH-hold.EXT-NDU-DUR-STNSG
C: word: z-ä-n-far-é	 gloss: M.GAM-VC..NDU-VENIT-set.off.EXT-FSG
D: word: nz-a-sämir-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-VC..NDU-whisper.RS-FSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ zf-r-n-m-th di kam gar-si=r awkwot ngemäku kabe matak e-rä.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG back.of.head bone break-NMLZ=PURP interjection foster.parent man nothing STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were about to break her neck. (He said:) ``Oh no, my friend, all the people have left!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is athe morpheme ___ overlap ithe morpheme ___ the semathe morpheme ___tics of the \isi{proclitic} the morpheme ___= which ethe morpheme ___codes \isi{immediate past} athe morpheme ___d the \isi{immithe morpheme ___ethe morpheme ___t} \isi{particle} the morpheme ___. I poithe morpheme ___ted out earlier that the \isi{immediate past} \isi{clitic} attaches to a verb which is otherwise ithe morpheme ___flected for \isi{the morpheme ___othe morpheme ___-past}. Thus, it marks a poithe morpheme ___t ithe morpheme ___ time immediately before the presethe morpheme ___t. The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ occurs ithe morpheme ___ frothe morpheme ___t of verb forms of differethe morpheme ___t TAM categories, markithe morpheme ___g a poithe morpheme ___t ithe morpheme ___ time immediately before the evethe morpheme ___t. The semathe morpheme ___tic differethe morpheme ___ce is ithe morpheme ___ the implicatiothe morpheme ___ as to whether or the morpheme ___ot the evethe morpheme ___t was actually carried out. Ithe morpheme ___ the case of the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic}, the evethe morpheme ___t has happethe morpheme ___ed, but with the \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ this is the morpheme ___ot the case. The differethe morpheme ___ce betweethe morpheme ___ the two also lies ithe morpheme ___ formal criteria. The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is sythe morpheme ___tactically ithe morpheme ___depethe morpheme ___dethe morpheme ___t ithe morpheme ___ that it occurs free (\ref{ex307}), or occur directly ithe morpheme ___ frothe morpheme ___t of the verb, where it is hard to say whether it is a \isi{proclitic} or athe morpheme ___ ithe morpheme ___depethe morpheme ___dethe morpheme ___t elemethe morpheme ___t (\ref{ex308}). Othe morpheme ___ the other hathe morpheme ___d, the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic} the morpheme ___= is always bouthe morpheme ___d to the verb.
A: word: ngthé	 gloss: brother
B: word: wo-a-rnzür-wr-a-th	 gloss: FSG.ALPH-VC.-dance.EXT-NDU-PST-STNSG
C: word: n	 gloss: IMN
D: word: komnzo	 gloss: only
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): n ___ di kam gar-si=r awkwot ngemäku kabe matak e-rä.
Gloss (with missing item): IMN ___ back.of.head bone break-NMLZ=PURP interjection foster.parent man nothing STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were about to break her neck. (He said:) ``Oh no, my friend, all the people have left!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is an overlap in the semantics of the \isi{proclitic} n= which encodes \isi{immediate past} and the \isi{imminent} \isi{particle} n. I pointed out earlier that the \isi{immediate past} \isi{clitic} attaches to a verb which is otherwise inflected for \isi{non-past}. Thus, it marks a point in time immediately before the present. The \isi{particle} n occurs in front of verb forms of different TAM categories, marking a point in time immediately before the event. The semantic difference is in the implication as to whether or not the event was actually carried out. In the case of the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic}, the event has happened, but with the \isi{particle} n this is not the case. The difference between the two also lies in formal criteria. The \isi{particle} n is syntactically independent in that it occurs free (\ref{ex307}), or occur directly in front of the verb, where it is hard to say whether it is a \isi{proclitic} or an independent element (\ref{ex308}). On the other hand, the \isi{immediate} \isi{clitic} n= is always bound to the verb.
A: word: k-rä-mnzer-é	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-fall.asleep.RS-FSG
B: word: zf-r-n-m-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
C: word: thf-rä-rm	 gloss: STNSG.Betatwo-COP.NDU-DUR
D: word: k-ra-kwi-n-m-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-argue.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ni w-mäg-n-e zöbthé.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ FNSG TSG.F.ALPH-lead.EXT-DU-FNSG first.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Where are they? We will lead (the path) first.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: I point out in {\S}\ref{deicticcliticssection} that among the \isi{deictic} proclitics there is one with a limited distribution. The m= \isi{proclitic} can only attach to the copula, in which case it turns the clause into a \isi{question} (`where is X?').\footnote{I will gloss m as interrogative (where=) when it attaches to the copula. I will gloss it as apprehensive (\Appr) in all other cases, including the cases where m and the potential particle kma express a prohibitive.} See example (\ref{ex271}) on page \pageref{ex271}. The m \isi{particle} shows more syntactic flexibility as it can procliticise to the \isi{verb} as m=, encliticise to the \isi{potential} \isi{particle} in the combination kma=m or occur by itself. The latter is only attested through elicitation and there are no corpus examples of independent m. Nevertheless, it can be classified as a \isi{particle} and a \isi{clitic}.
A: word: z=e-rä	 gloss: PROX=STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU.
B: word: m=e-rn	 gloss: where=STNSG.ALPH-COP.DU
C: word: e-rä	 gloss: STNSG.Alph-COP.NDU
D: word: m=gn-a-n-yak-é	 gloss: Appr=SSG.BET-VC.-VENIT-walk.EXT.NDU-IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): k-rä-nafth-th s-∅-ritüth-e s-∅-faf-e kidn mni ___ ... frthe bramöwä ŋ-a-rsir-wr-e.
Gloss (with missing item): M.BET-IRR.Vc.NDU-say.RS-STNSG TSG.MASC.BET-DU-grab.RS-STNSG.IMP TSG.MASC.BET-DU-hold.RS-STNSG.IMP kidn fire ___ ... when all M.ALPH-VC.-burn.EXT-NDU-FNSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They said: ``Grab him! Hold him! He might ignite the Kidn fire. (That is) when we will all burn.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{particle} m functions as an \isi{apprehensive} marker. It is attested in the corpus with irrealis, imperative and perfective forms. Example (\ref{ex303}) is from a story about a man who mocked a crowd of dancers by threatening them with a matchbox. They were afraid, as they did not know about matches and lighters.
A: word: m=k-rä-rit-∅	 gloss: Appr=M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-pass.RS-STSG
B: word: m=z-ä-rfusir-∅	 gloss: Appr=M.GAM-VC..NDU-light.up.RS-STSG
C: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
D: word: s-rä-fiyoth-é	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-make.RS-FSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): k-rä-nafth-th s-∅-ritüth-e s-∅-faf-e kidn mni ___ ... frthe bramöwä ŋ-a-rsir-wr-e.
Gloss (with missing item): M.BET-IRR.Vc.NDU-say.RS-STNSG TSG.MASC.BET-DU-grab.RS-STNSG.IMP TSG.MASC.BET-DU-hold.RS-STNSG.IMP kidn fire ___ ... when all M.ALPH-VC.-burn.EXT-NDU-FNSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They said: ``Grab him! Hold him! He might ignite the Kidn fire. (That is) when we will all burn.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In these cases, the \isi{particle} m seems to override the TAM value of the verb. In (\ref{ex303}), the verb is in the \isi{recent past} but lacks a the\isi{recent past} reading. Likewise, I often heard the warning mkätr\footnote{\parbox{0.02cm}{\hfill}\parbox{6cm}{mkätr}\\ \parbox{0.05cm}{\hfill}\parbox{6cm}{m=k-ä-tr-\Zero}\\ \parbox{0.05cm}{\hfill}\parbox{6cm}{\Appr=\M.\Bet-\Vc.\Ndu-fall.\Rs-\Ssg.{\Imp}}} `(watch out) you might fall!', where m is attached to an \isi{imperative} form, but lacks an \isi{imperative} reading. Naturally, if m occurs with an irrealis form, there is no such conflict. Example (\ref{ex304}) is taken from a story about a bushfire. The speaker explains how he set a small controlled fire in order to stop the wild bushfire from spreading.
A: word: m=k-rä-rit-∅	 gloss: Appr=M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-pass.RS-STSG
B: word: gn-a-m-nz-é	 gloss: SSG.BET-VC.-sit.EXT-NDU-IMP
C: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
D: word: m=z-ä-rfusir-∅	 gloss: Appr=M.GAM-VC..NDU-light.up.RS-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): we ane nzefé z-a-föf-é ... we ___ we fafä.
Gloss (with missing item): also DEM FSG.ERG.EMPH TSG.F.GAM-VC..NDU-burn.down.RS-FSG ... also. ___ also after.that.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I also burned down this (grass) ... (the fire) might cross over later.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In these cases, the \isi{particle} m seems to override the TAM value of the verb. In (\ref{ex303}), the verb is in the \isi{recent past} but lacks a the\isi{recent past} reading. Likewise, I often heard the warning mkätr\footnote{\parbox{0.02cm}{\hfill}\parbox{6cm}{mkätr}\\ \parbox{0.05cm}{\hfill}\parbox{6cm}{m=k-ä-tr-\Zero}\\ \parbox{0.05cm}{\hfill}\parbox{6cm}{\Appr=\M.\Bet-\Vc.\Ndu-fall.\Rs-\Ssg.{\Imp}}} `(watch out) you might fall!', where m is attached to an \isi{imperative} form, but lacks an \isi{imperative} reading. Naturally, if m occurs with an irrealis form, there is no such conflict. Example (\ref{ex304}) is taken from a story about a bushfire. The speaker explains how he set a small controlled fire in order to stop the wild bushfire from spreading.
A: word: k-ä-n-rit-∅	 gloss: M.BET-NDU-VENIT-cross.over.RS-SSG.IMP
B: word: k-rä-bth-m-o-∅	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-finish.RS-DUR-ANDAT-SG
C: word: m=k-rä-rit-∅	 gloss: Appr=M.BET-IRR.VC..NDU-pass.RS-STSG
D: word: m=z-ä-rfusir-∅	 gloss: Appr=M.GAM-VC..NDU-light.up.RS-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C