cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nima yam=me ane fof ŋ-a-frm-nzr-e b=n-rä ... ___ ane sagusagu.
Gloss (with missing item): like.this custom=INS DEM EMPH M.ALPH-VC.-prepare.EXT-NDU-FNSG. MED=FNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU ... ___ DEM sagusagu.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We prepare them in this way ... We hang up those sagusagu.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like most \isi{positional} verbs, migsi can enter into other templates, for example a \isi{middle} template (`assume a hanging position') or a \isi{transitive} template (`hang something'). This is shown in examples (\ref{ex326}) and (\ref{ex327}) respectively. Example (\ref{ex326}) is part of a plant walk around Rouku village. The speaker shows me a plant in the part of the land which is inundated during the rainy season. Example (\ref{ex327}) comes from a procedural text in which the speaker shows me around his yam storage house. He remarks that small yam suckers are called sagusagu and they are stored by tying several yams into bundles.
A: word: kw-a-rä-r-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG
B: word: ŋ-a-mig-wr-th	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-hang.EXT-NDU-STNSG
C: word: e-mi-thgr	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-hang.EXT-STAT.NDU
D: word: b=e-mig-wr-e	 gloss: MED=STNSG.ALPH-hang.EXT-NDU-FNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thwä ___ zane {zaza=me}. n=wo-a-n-wä-gr ... fatr=en.
Gloss (with missing item): catfish ___ PROX carrying.stick=INS. IMMpst=FSG-VC.-VENIT-be.on.top-STAT.NDU ... shoulder=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Those two catfish are hanging there. I just brought them here on my shoulder with the carrying stick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Just like other verbs in the prefixing template, positionals may add a \isi{possessor} or \isi{beneficiary} by using the \isi{valency change} prefix a-. An example of this is given in (\ref{ex158}) where the speaker describes how he carried two fish up from the river. The first verb in (\ref{ex158}) indexes the two catfish, but the second verb indexes a first singular, in this case the \isi{possessor} (`on top of my shoulder'). Thus, although the predicate is about the two fish (`They were on top.'), the verb only indexes the first singular.
A: word: f=e-rä	 gloss: DIST=STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU
B: word: f=e-mi-thgrn	 gloss: DIST=STNSG.ALPH-be.hanging-STAT.DU
C: word: kw-rä-r-th	 gloss: FSG.BET-IRR.Pl.VC.-give.RS-STNSG
D: word: e-mi-thgr	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-hang.EXT-STAT.NDU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thwä f=e-mi-thgrn zane {zaza=me}. ___ ... fatr=en.
Gloss (with missing item): catfish DIST=STNSG.ALPH-be.hanging-STAT.DU PROX carrying.stick=INS. ___ ... shoulder=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Those two catfish are hanging there. I just brought them here on my shoulder with the carrying stick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Just like other verbs in the prefixing template, positionals may add a \isi{possessor} or \isi{beneficiary} by using the \isi{valency change} prefix a-. An example of this is given in (\ref{ex158}) where the speaker describes how he carried two fish up from the river. The first verb in (\ref{ex158}) indexes the two catfish, but the second verb indexes a first singular, in this case the \isi{possessor} (`on top of my shoulder'). Thus, although the predicate is about the two fish (`They were on top.'), the verb only indexes the first singular.
A: word: n=wo-a-n-wä-gr	 gloss: IMMpst=FSG-VC.-VENIT-be.on.top-STAT.NDU
B: word: w-a-n-brag-wr-e	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-VC.-VENIT-follow.EXT-NDU-FNSG
C: word: n=ŋ-a-trik-w-é	 gloss: IMMpst=M.ALPH-VC.-tell.EXT-NDU-FSG
D: word: nz-ra-kor-th	 gloss: FNSG.BET-IRR.DU-speak.RS-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thwä ___ zane {zaza=me}. n=wo-a-n-wä-gr ... fatr=en.
Gloss (with missing item): catfish ___ PROX carrying.stick=INS. IMMpst=FSG-VC.-VENIT-be.on.top-STAT.NDU ... shoulder=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Those two catfish are hanging there. I just brought them here on my shoulder with the carrying stick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Just like other verbs in the prefixing template, positionals may add a \isi{possessor} or \isi{beneficiary} by using the \isi{valency change} prefix a-. An example of this is given in (\ref{ex158}) where the speaker describes how he carried two fish up from the river. The first verb in (\ref{ex158}) indexes the two catfish, but the second verb indexes a first singular, in this case the \isi{possessor} (`on top of my shoulder'). Thus, although the predicate is about the two fish (`They were on top.'), the verb only indexes the first singular.
A: word: f=e-mi-thgrn	 gloss: DIST=STNSG.ALPH-be.hanging-STAT.DU
B: word: kw-a-rä-r-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG
C: word: f=e-rä	 gloss: DIST=STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU
D: word: e-mi-thgr	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-hang.EXT-STAT.NDU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thwä f=e-mi-thgrn zane {zaza=me}. ___ ... fatr=en.
Gloss (with missing item): catfish DIST=STNSG.ALPH-be.hanging-STAT.DU PROX carrying.stick=INS. ___ ... shoulder=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Those two catfish are hanging there. I just brought them here on my shoulder with the carrying stick.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Just like other verbs in the prefixing template, positionals may add a \isi{possessor} or \isi{beneficiary} by using the \isi{valency change} prefix a-. An example of this is given in (\ref{ex158}) where the speaker describes how he carried two fish up from the river. The first verb in (\ref{ex158}) indexes the two catfish, but the second verb indexes a first singular, in this case the \isi{possessor} (`on top of my shoulder'). Thus, although the predicate is about the two fish (`They were on top.'), the verb only indexes the first singular.
A: word: w-a-n-brag-wr-e	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-VC.-VENIT-follow.EXT-NDU-FNSG
B: word: n=ŋ-a-trik-w-é	 gloss: IMMpst=M.ALPH-VC.-tell.EXT-NDU-FSG
C: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
D: word: n=wo-a-n-wä-gr	 gloss: IMMpst=FSG-VC.-VENIT-be.on.top-STAT.NDU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): okay nafa nezä z faw ___ ... bäne=ma nafanme mayawa ka-kafar z bramöwä. th-ä-kwr-a-th firra=n.
Gloss (with missing item): okay TNSG.ERG revenge IAM payment ___ ... DEM:MED=CHAR TNSG.POSS mayawa REDUP-big IAM all. STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG firra=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Okay, then the two took revenge, because all their Mayawa elders had been killed in Firra.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex159}-b) show brigsi in different templates. Both examples are taken from the same story about a headhunt which took place in the narrator's village Firra. In (\ref{ex159}), the ambifixing \isi{transitive} template is used (lit. `They returned the payback'). Just a few clauses later, the narrator concludes this part of the story in (\ref{ex329}) where the same referent, which was indexed in the prefix in (\ref{ex159}), is now indexed in the suffix with a \isi{passive} or \isi{impersonal} interpretation (lit. `Revenge (was) returned').
A: word: w-brig-r-n-a-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Alph-return.EXT-LK-DU-PST-STNSG
B: word: nz-rä-kor-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BET-IRR.NDU-speak.RS-STSG
C: word: k-ra-n-brig-wr-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-VENIT-return.EXT-NDU-STNSG
D: word: e-n-thorak-w-a-∅	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VENIT-arrive.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): okay nafa nezä z faw ___ ... bäne=ma nafanme mayawa ka-kafar z bramöwä. th-ä-kwr-a-th firra=n.
Gloss (with missing item): okay TNSG.ERG revenge IAM payment ___ ... DEM:MED=CHAR TNSG.POSS mayawa REDUP-big IAM all. STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG firra=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Okay, then the two took revenge, because all their Mayawa elders had been killed in Firra.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex159}-b) show brigsi in different templates. Both examples are taken from the same story about a headhunt which took place in the narrator's village Firra. In (\ref{ex159}), the ambifixing \isi{transitive} template is used (lit. `They returned the payback'). Just a few clauses later, the narrator concludes this part of the story in (\ref{ex329}) where the same referent, which was indexed in the prefix in (\ref{ex159}), is now indexed in the suffix with a \isi{passive} or \isi{impersonal} interpretation (lit. `Revenge (was) returned').
A: word: k-ra-n-brig-wr-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-VENIT-return.EXT-NDU-STNSG
B: word: w-brig-r-n-a-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Alph-return.EXT-LK-DU-PST-STNSG
C: word: w-a-n-brag-wr-e	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-VC.-VENIT-follow.EXT-NDU-FNSG
D: word: e-n-thorak-w-a-∅	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VENIT-arrive.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): okay nafa nezä z faw ___ ... bäne=ma nafanme mayawa ka-kafar z bramöwä. th-ä-kwr-a-th firra=n.
Gloss (with missing item): okay TNSG.ERG revenge IAM payment ___ ... DEM:MED=CHAR TNSG.POSS mayawa REDUP-big IAM all. STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG firra=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Okay, then the two took revenge, because all their Mayawa elders had been killed in Firra.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex159}-b) show brigsi in different templates. Both examples are taken from the same story about a headhunt which took place in the narrator's village Firra. In (\ref{ex159}), the ambifixing \isi{transitive} template is used (lit. `They returned the payback'). Just a few clauses later, the narrator concludes this part of the story in (\ref{ex329}) where the same referent, which was indexed in the prefix in (\ref{ex159}), is now indexed in the suffix with a \isi{passive} or \isi{impersonal} interpretation (lit. `Revenge (was) returned').
A: word: k-ra-n-brig-wr-th	 gloss: M.BET-IRR.VC.-VENIT-return.EXT-NDU-STNSG
B: word: w-brig-r-n-a-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Alph-return.EXT-LK-DU-PST-STNSG
C: word: e-n-thorak-w-a-∅	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VENIT-arrive.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG
D: word: su-mi-thgr-m	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BETaone-be.hanging-STAT.NDU-DUR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yoganai wo-rä-r-m kwof-yak ___ sänis kw-a-rä-r-é z-ä-n-fref-é.
Gloss (with missing item): tiredness FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR FSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.NDU ___ change M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG M.GAM-VC..NDU-VENIT-come.up.from.river.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was tired. I walked. I washed myself. I got changed and I came up here from the river.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consequently, I refrain from using the terms `\isi{middle} voice' or `\isi{passive} voice'. It is more adequate to speak of a \isi{middle} template with a specific function. This function might be \isi{reflexive}, \isi{reciprocal}, \isi{passive} or \isi{impersonal}. Consider example (\ref{ex163}), in which the speaker describes how he got home after a hard day of work in his garden. The first two verbs in (\ref{ex163}) are prefixing verbs. The last three verbs occur in the \isi{middle} template and could be translated as either \isi{reflexive} (`wash self', `change self', `bring oneself up from river') or intransitives (`wash', `get changed', `come up from the river').\footnote{Note that `get changed' is expressed with a nominal sänis (< \ili{English} `change') and a generic verb `do', literally `I do the change'. The nominal is not indexed on the verb. I describe light verb constructions in \S\ref{lightverb}.}
A: word: kw-a-mayk-w-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-wash.EXT-NDU-FSG
B: word: kw-a-rä-r-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG
C: word: s-ra-a-kor-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-IRR-NDU-say.RS-STSG
D: word: kw-a-moneg-wr-m-th	 gloss: M.Betaone-VC-wait.EXT-NDU-DUR-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yoganai wo-rä-r-m kwof-yak kw-a-mayk-w-é sänis ___ z-ä-n-fref-é.
Gloss (with missing item): tiredness FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR FSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.NDU M.BETaone-VC.-wash.EXT-NDU-FSG change ___ M.GAM-VC..NDU-VENIT-come.up.from.river.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was tired. I walked. I washed myself. I got changed and I came up here from the river.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consequently, I refrain from using the terms `\isi{middle} voice' or `\isi{passive} voice'. It is more adequate to speak of a \isi{middle} template with a specific function. This function might be \isi{reflexive}, \isi{reciprocal}, \isi{passive} or \isi{impersonal}. Consider example (\ref{ex163}), in which the speaker describes how he got home after a hard day of work in his garden. The first two verbs in (\ref{ex163}) are prefixing verbs. The last three verbs occur in the \isi{middle} template and could be translated as either \isi{reflexive} (`wash self', `change self', `bring oneself up from river') or intransitives (`wash', `get changed', `come up from the river').\footnote{Note that `get changed' is expressed with a nominal sänis (< \ili{English} `change') and a generic verb `do', literally `I do the change'. The nominal is not indexed on the verb. I describe light verb constructions in \S\ref{lightverb}.}
A: word: kw-a-mayk-w-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-wash.EXT-NDU-FSG
B: word: kw-a-rä-r-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG
C: word: b=e-mig-wr-e	 gloss: MED=STNSG.ALPH-hang.EXT-NDU-FNSG
D: word: wo-rä-r-m	 gloss: FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yoganai wo-rä-r-m kwof-yak ___ sänis kw-a-rä-r-é z-ä-n-fref-é.
Gloss (with missing item): tiredness FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR FSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.NDU ___ change M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG M.GAM-VC..NDU-VENIT-come.up.from.river.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was tired. I walked. I washed myself. I got changed and I came up here from the river.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consequently, I refrain from using the terms `\isi{middle} voice' or `\isi{passive} voice'. It is more adequate to speak of a \isi{middle} template with a specific function. This function might be \isi{reflexive}, \isi{reciprocal}, \isi{passive} or \isi{impersonal}. Consider example (\ref{ex163}), in which the speaker describes how he got home after a hard day of work in his garden. The first two verbs in (\ref{ex163}) are prefixing verbs. The last three verbs occur in the \isi{middle} template and could be translated as either \isi{reflexive} (`wash self', `change self', `bring oneself up from river') or intransitives (`wash', `get changed', `come up from the river').\footnote{Note that `get changed' is expressed with a nominal sänis (< \ili{English} `change') and a generic verb `do', literally `I do the change'. The nominal is not indexed on the verb. I describe light verb constructions in \S\ref{lightverb}.}
A: word: su-mi-thgr-m	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BETaone-be.hanging-STAT.NDU-DUR
B: word: kw-a-rä-r-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG
C: word: kw-a-mayk-w-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-wash.EXT-NDU-FSG
D: word: kw-a-moneg-wr-m-th	 gloss: M.Betaone-VC-wait.EXT-NDU-DUR-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yoganai wo-rä-r-m kwof-yak kw-a-mayk-w-é sänis ___ z-ä-n-fref-é.
Gloss (with missing item): tiredness FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR FSG.Betatwo-walk.EXT.NDU M.BETaone-VC.-wash.EXT-NDU-FSG change ___ M.GAM-VC..NDU-VENIT-come.up.from.river.RS-FSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was tired. I walked. I washed myself. I got changed and I came up here from the river.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consequently, I refrain from using the terms `\isi{middle} voice' or `\isi{passive} voice'. It is more adequate to speak of a \isi{middle} template with a specific function. This function might be \isi{reflexive}, \isi{reciprocal}, \isi{passive} or \isi{impersonal}. Consider example (\ref{ex163}), in which the speaker describes how he got home after a hard day of work in his garden. The first two verbs in (\ref{ex163}) are prefixing verbs. The last three verbs occur in the \isi{middle} template and could be translated as either \isi{reflexive} (`wash self', `change self', `bring oneself up from river') or intransitives (`wash', `get changed', `come up from the river').\footnote{Note that `get changed' is expressed with a nominal sänis (< \ili{English} `change') and a generic verb `do', literally `I do the change'. The nominal is not indexed on the verb. I describe light verb constructions in \S\ref{lightverb}.}
A: word: wo-rä-r-m	 gloss: FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR
B: word: kw-a-rä-r-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG
C: word: s-a-brim-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-return.RS-SSG.IMP
D: word: kw-a-mayk-w-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-wash.EXT-NDU-FSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B