cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzun nafa-emoth ___ fof ... bänemr. ... fäms ŋare=r.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.DAT Third.POSS-sister ___ EMPH ... Recog.PURP. ... exchange woman=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They gave me their sister as that ... as an exchange woman.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Since no more than two referents can be indexed on a \isi{verb}, the same ambifixing template encodes \isi{transitive} and \isi{ditransitive} events. The differences lie in the presence versus absence of the \isi{valency change} prefix a- and the \isi{case} marking of that argument NP which is indexed in the prefix. In ambifixing transitives, the prefix encodes a patient (`prepare' in \ref{ex169}), theme (\ref{ex170}) or experiencer (`hold' in \ref{ex169}), all in the \isi{absolutive}. The prefix in ambifixing ditransitives encodes a goal (\ref{ex173}) in \isi{dative} \isi{case} or a possessor (\ref{ex171}) marked with a \isi{possessive}.
A: word: th-ä-zingrthm-a	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.NDU-look.around.RS-PST
B: word: th-ä-kwr-a-th	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG
C: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
D: word: y-a-thn	 gloss: TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-lie.EXT.NDU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): be=wä mitafo ___ nzun fefe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ kw-a-gathif-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): SSG.ERG=EMPH spirit ___ FSG.DAT body FSG.BET-VC..NDU-leave.behind.RS-SSG.IMP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`You take his spirit back and leave the body for me!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex172}) shows both a \isi{possessor} and a \isi{goal} in the first and second verb form, respectively. The example is taken from a story about sorcerers, who \textendash{} according to local belief \textendash{} visit the grave sites of recently deceased people. The first clause shows that the \isi{possessor} noun phrase can be dropped. The noun mitafo `spirit' is usually feminine, but the verb encodes a masculine referent (`his spirit').
A: word: s-a-brim-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-return.RS-SSG.IMP
B: word: s-rä-fiyoth-é	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-make.RS-FSG
C: word: nz-ra-kor-th	 gloss: FNSG.BET-IRR.DU-speak.RS-STNSG
D: word: k-a-n-brim-e	 gloss: M.BET-VC..DU-VENIT-return.RS-SNSG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): be=wä mitafo ___ nzun fefe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ kw-a-gathif-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): SSG.ERG=EMPH spirit ___ FSG.DAT body FSG.BET-VC..NDU-leave.behind.RS-SSG.IMP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`You take his spirit back and leave the body for me!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex172}) highlights a problem that occurs with \isi{verb} forms using the restricted stem. As I have shown in {\S}\ref{dualextrs}, with restricted stems the dual versus non-dual contrast and the \isi{valency change} is expressed by a vowel change in the prefix. Although there are differences in the vowel pattern for different \isi{number} combinations, which show the absence versus presence of the \isi{valency change} prefix, there are a number of neutralisations ({\S}\ref{prerootdual}). The first verb sabrim in example (\ref{ex172}) can mean both `return him' (with a direct \isi{object}) or `return X for him' / `return his X' (with an \isi{indirect object}). Only the fact that mitafo `spirit' is feminine, while the prefix is governed by a masculine referent, indicates that the \isi{indirect object} is indexed (`return his spirit').
A: word: s-a-brim-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-return.RS-SSG.IMP
B: word: n=wo-a-n-wä-gr	 gloss: IMMpst=FSG-VC.-VENIT-be.on.top-STAT.NDU
C: word: s-rä-fiyoth-é	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-make.RS-FSG
D: word: k-a-n-brim-e	 gloss: M.BET-VC..DU-VENIT-return.RS-SNSG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): be=wä mitafo ___ nzun fefe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ kw-a-gathif-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): SSG.ERG=EMPH spirit ___ FSG.DAT body FSG.BET-VC..NDU-leave.behind.RS-SSG.IMP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`You take his spirit back and leave the body for me!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex172}) highlights a problem that occurs with \isi{verb} forms using the restricted stem. As I have shown in {\S}\ref{dualextrs}, with restricted stems the dual versus non-dual contrast and the \isi{valency change} is expressed by a vowel change in the prefix. Although there are differences in the vowel pattern for different \isi{number} combinations, which show the absence versus presence of the \isi{valency change} prefix, there are a number of neutralisations ({\S}\ref{prerootdual}). The first verb sabrim in example (\ref{ex172}) can mean both `return him' (with a direct \isi{object}) or `return X for him' / `return his X' (with an \isi{indirect object}). Only the fact that mitafo `spirit' is feminine, while the prefix is governed by a masculine referent, indicates that the \isi{indirect object} is indexed (`return his spirit').
A: word: s-rä-fiyoth-é	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-make.RS-FSG
B: word: y-a-thn	 gloss: TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-lie.EXT.NDU
C: word: s-a-brim-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-VC..NDU-return.RS-SSG.IMP
D: word: k-a-n-brim-e	 gloss: M.BET-VC..DU-VENIT-return.RS-SNSG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): be nima yam ___ nzenme emoth be nima w-a-fiyok-w-r-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): SSG.ERG like.this event ___ FNSG.POSS sister SSG.ERG like.this TSG.F.ALPH-VC.-make.EXT-NDU-LK-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:``You are behaving like this. You are doing this to our sister.''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{valency change} prefix a- attaches productively to almost all \isi{transitive} verbs introducing a third argument into the clause, usually a \isi{beneficiary} (\isi{dative}) or \isi{possessor} (\isi{possessive}). A number of lexemes are \isi{deponent} in the sense that they obligatorily take the \isi{valency change} prefix a-, while the clause remains \isi{transitive} and the referent indexed in the prefix is flagged with the \isi{absolutive} \isi{case}. Such \isi{deponent} verbs are frmnzsi `prepare' (\ref{ex169}) or fiyoksi `make' (\ref{ex166}). Given the basic productivity of the \isi{ditransitive} alternation, we may ask whether the category `\isi{ditransitive}' exists in Komnzo at all or whether it is better to view the phenomenon merely as applicativisation, in other words whether all ditransitives are derived.\footnote{Please note that the a- prefix cannot be called an applicative prefix because it fulfils both functions: increasing and decreasing the valency. Thus, I prefer to label it valency change or valency switch.} Two counterarguments can be brought forward. First, there are a few verbs which only exist in an ambifixing \isi{ditransitive} template, the obvious one being yarisi `give'. Secondly, while the \isi{ditransitive} alternation simply introduces a \isi{beneficiary} for some verbs, there are rather idiosyncratic changes in meaning for other verbs. For example, säminzsi means `whisper' in the ambifixing \isi{transitive} template, but `teach' in the ambifixing \isi{ditransitive} template. Another example was given in (\ref{ex151}) where rbänzsi means `untie' as a \isi{transitive}, but `explain' in a \isi{ditransitive} template. Although the meanings of the different templates share the same \isi{infinitive}/\isi{nominalisation} and are clearly related (`untie' \rightarrow `untie for sb.' = `explain'), they often differ in idiosyncratic ways (`whisper' \rightarrow `whisper for sb.' = `teach'). Thus, it is better to recognise \isi{ditransitive} verbs as an independent category.
A: word: f=e-rä	 gloss: DIST=STNSG.ALPH-COP.NDU
B: word: su-mi-thgr-m	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BETaone-be.hanging-STAT.NDU-DUR
C: word: ŋ-a-fiyok-w-r-∅	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-make.EXT-NDU-LK-STSG
D: word: w-a-fiyok-w-a-∅	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-VC.-make.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi=wä we nima ane kwa e-a-nor kwot fthé~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ___ fath-fath=en=wä gn-kog-é.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.ABS=EMPH also like.this DEM FUT STNSG-VC.-shout.EXT.NDU properly when ___ REDUP-clear.place=LOC=EMPH SSG.BET.IMP-stand.EXT.NDU-IMP..
The English translation of this sentence is:`They will also yell at one another like this ``You stand properly in the clearing! Keep on standing!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Komnzo imperatives can be imperfective (`Keep on doing X!') or \isi{perfective} (`Do X!'). An example of this is shown in (\ref{ex766}). This distinction is signalled by the stem type, but also by the fact that the second singular suffix in perfective imperatives is \isi{zero}.
A: word: kw-a-rä-r-é	 gloss: M.BETaone-VC.-do.EXT-LK-FSG
B: word: th-ä-kwr-a-th	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG
C: word: gn-ä-kuk	 gloss: SSG.BET.IMP-NDU-stand.RS
D: word: k-ä-kor-∅	 gloss: M.BET-NDU-become.RS-SSG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi=wä we nima ane kwa e-a-nor kwot fthé~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ___ fath-fath=en=wä gn-kog-é.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.ABS=EMPH also like.this DEM FUT STNSG-VC.-shout.EXT.NDU properly when ___ REDUP-clear.place=LOC=EMPH SSG.BET.IMP-stand.EXT.NDU-IMP..
The English translation of this sentence is:`They will also yell at one another like this ``You stand properly in the clearing! Keep on standing!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \tabref{perssuffimp}, the middle verb -kwi `run' is shown. The distinction between second \isi{singular} and \isi{non-singular} is expressed by the suffix. Another quirk in the system is that the suffix -é is used even if the verb is a prefixing verb, despite the fact that the \isi{number} distinction is shown in the prefixes only: gn- \Ssg{} vs. th- \Snsg{} (\S\ref{personprefsection}). A prefixing verb like -kogr `stand' will be gnkogré `You (\Sg) keep standing!' versus thkogré `You (\Pl) keep standing!' In these cases I \isi{gloss} -é as marking solely \isi{imperative} mood, as in (\ref{ex766}). However, prefixing verbs do follow the pattern in that only extended stems (imperfective \isi{imperative}) receive the -é suffix, not the restricted stems (\isi{perfective} imperatives). I show this in example (\ref{ex766}), in which the speaker reports about the rough ways of going hunting with the \ili{Suki} people.\footnote{The verb kuk-/kog- `stand' is irregular in that it encodes dual versus non-dual in the positional stem, -kogr {\Ndu} vs. -kogrn {\Du}, but not in the restricted stem -kuk.} See also \S\ref{imperativesuffix} for further discussion of \isi{imperative} marking.
A: word: th-ä-kwr-a-th	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG
B: word: y-a-thn	 gloss: TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-lie.EXT.NDU
C: word: gn-ä-kuk	 gloss: SSG.BET.IMP-NDU-stand.RS
D: word: k-ä-kor-∅	 gloss: M.BET-NDU-become.RS-SSG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi=wä we nima ane kwa e-a-nor kwot fthé~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ___ fath-fath=en=wä gn-kog-é.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.ABS=EMPH also like.this DEM FUT STNSG-VC.-shout.EXT.NDU properly when ___ REDUP-clear.place=LOC=EMPH SSG.BET.IMP-stand.EXT.NDU-IMP..
The English translation of this sentence is:`They will also yell at one another like this ``You stand properly in the clearing! Keep on standing!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \tabref{perssuffimp}, the middle verb -kwi `run' is shown. The distinction between second \isi{singular} and \isi{non-singular} is expressed by the suffix. Another quirk in the system is that the suffix -é is used even if the verb is a prefixing verb, despite the fact that the \isi{number} distinction is shown in the prefixes only: gn- \Ssg{} vs. th- \Snsg{} (\S\ref{personprefsection}). A prefixing verb like -kogr `stand' will be gnkogré `You (\Sg) keep standing!' versus thkogré `You (\Pl) keep standing!' In these cases I \isi{gloss} -é as marking solely \isi{imperative} mood, as in (\ref{ex766}). However, prefixing verbs do follow the pattern in that only extended stems (imperfective \isi{imperative}) receive the -é suffix, not the restricted stems (\isi{perfective} imperatives). I show this in example (\ref{ex766}), in which the speaker reports about the rough ways of going hunting with the \ili{Suki} people.\footnote{The verb kuk-/kog- `stand' is irregular in that it encodes dual versus non-dual in the positional stem, -kogr {\Ndu} vs. -kogrn {\Du}, but not in the restricted stem -kuk.} See also \S\ref{imperativesuffix} for further discussion of \isi{imperative} marking.
A: word: k-ä-kor-∅	 gloss: M.BET-NDU-become.RS-SSG.IMP
B: word: th-ä-kwr-a-th	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG
C: word: su-mi-thgr-m	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BETaone-be.hanging-STAT.NDU-DUR
D: word: gn-ä-kuk	 gloss: SSG.BET.IMP-NDU-stand.RS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): adi=f nima ___ ra=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): aunt=ERG.SG Quot ___ what=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Aunt asked me: ``What is it?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} mood is expressed by the prefix ra-, which directly follows the \isi{person}/\isi{number} prefix or the middle marker of the \Bet{} \isi{prefix series} (see \tabref{perspref} in {\S}\ref{personprefsection}). The \isi{non-dual} marker ä replaces the vowel of the ra- prefix for all the \isi{person}/\isi{number} combinations which involve a \isi{non-dual} \isi{participant}. This pattern is uniform for prefixing as well as ambifixing verbs. In (\ref{ex243}-\ref{ex247}), I provide textual examples of the \isi{number} combinations with a third \isi{person} actor and a first \isi{person} \isi{undergoer}.\footnote{Irrealis mood may be used in narratives for pragmatic reasons (backgrounding) and refer to events which actually took place ({\S}\ref{TAMsemmood})} We find the ä vowel for the following actor>undergoer combinations: \Sg>{\Sg} (\ref{ex243}), \Pl>{\Sg} (\ref{ex246}), \Sg>{\Pl} (\ref{ex249}) and \Pl>{\Pl} (\ref{ex250}).
A: word: nz-rä-kor-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BET-IRR.NDU-speak.RS-STSG
B: word: kw-rä-r-th	 gloss: FSG.BET-IRR.Pl.VC.-give.RS-STNSG
C: word: kw-rä-s-∅	 gloss: FSG.BET-IRR.NDU-ask.RS-STSG
D: word: ŋ-a-mig-wr-th	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-hang.EXT-NDU-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ni ___ bä ... oroman babua ... bä kwa. ŋ-a-kwi-n-th zmbär aki kwayan=en.
Gloss (with missing item): FNSG ___ Second.ABS ... old.man babua ... Second.ABS FUT. M.ALPH-VC.-run.EXT-DU-STNSG night moon light=LOC.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They said to us (2): ``You!'' to old man Babua ``You two will run at night in the moonlight.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} mood is expressed by the prefix ra-, which directly follows the \isi{person}/\isi{number} prefix or the middle marker of the \Bet{} \isi{prefix series} (see \tabref{perspref} in {\S}\ref{personprefsection}). The \isi{non-dual} marker ä replaces the vowel of the ra- prefix for all the \isi{person}/\isi{number} combinations which involve a \isi{non-dual} \isi{participant}. This pattern is uniform for prefixing as well as ambifixing verbs. In (\ref{ex243}-\ref{ex247}), I provide textual examples of the \isi{number} combinations with a third \isi{person} actor and a first \isi{person} \isi{undergoer}.\footnote{Irrealis mood may be used in narratives for pragmatic reasons (backgrounding) and refer to events which actually took place ({\S}\ref{TAMsemmood})} We find the ä vowel for the following actor>undergoer combinations: \Sg>{\Sg} (\ref{ex243}), \Pl>{\Sg} (\ref{ex246}), \Sg>{\Pl} (\ref{ex249}) and \Pl>{\Pl} (\ref{ex250}).
A: word: nz-rä-kor-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BET-IRR.NDU-speak.RS-STSG
B: word: s-ra-a-kor-∅	 gloss: TSG.MASC.BET-IRR-NDU-say.RS-STSG
C: word: nz-ra-kor-th	 gloss: FNSG.BET-IRR.DU-speak.RS-STNSG
D: word: f=e-mi-thgrn	 gloss: DIST=STNSG.ALPH-be.hanging-STAT.DU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): adi=f nima ___ ra=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): aunt=ERG.SG Quot ___ what=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Aunt asked me: ``What is it?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Ir\isi{realis} mood is expressed by the prefix ra-, which directly follows the \isi{person}/\isi{number} prefix or the middle marker of the \Bet{} \isi{prefix series} (see \tabref{perspref} in {\S}\ref{personprefsection}). The \isi{non-dual} marker ä replaces the vowel of the ra- prefix for all the \isi{person}/\isi{number} combinations which involve a \isi{non-dual} \isi{participant}. This pattern is uniform for prefixing as well as ambifixing verbs. In (\ref{ex243}-\ref{ex247}), I provide textual examples of the \isi{number} combinations with a third \isi{person} actor and a first \isi{person} \isi{undergoer}.\footnote{Irrealis mood may be used in narratives for pragmatic reasons (backgrounding) and refer to events which actually took place ({\S}\ref{TAMsemmood})} We find the ä vowel for the following actor>undergoer combinations: \Sg>{\Sg} (\ref{ex243}), \Pl>{\Sg} (\ref{ex246}), \Sg>{\Pl} (\ref{ex249}) and \Pl>{\Pl} (\ref{ex250}).
A: word: kw-rä-s-∅	 gloss: FSG.BET-IRR.NDU-ask.RS-STSG
B: word: nz-rä-kor-∅	 gloss: FNSG.BET-IRR.NDU-speak.RS-STSG
C: word: kw-rä-r-th	 gloss: FSG.BET-IRR.Pl.VC.-give.RS-STNSG
D: word: n=wo-a-n-wä-gr	 gloss: IMMpst=FSG-VC.-VENIT-be.on.top-STAT.NDU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A