cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 134:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ räkumg-si=ma \stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ attract-NMLZ=CHAR TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is for attracting snakes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consider example (\ref{ex393}) which comes from a walk through the forest. Along the path, the speaker shows me a particular grass. The leaf of this grass can be placed between the lips, and one can produce a high cheeping sound by blowing through it. She explains that this can be used `for attracting its gloss ___s', thus, the \isi{characteristic} is marking a purpose in (\ref{ex394}). After demonstrating how to produce the sound, she repeats in (\ref{ex396}) why the its gloss ___ is coming (kwanma `because of the sound') and concludes that she would not usually blow this grass (anema `therefore'). Here the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} marks a reason.
A: word: katan=me	 gloss: small=INS
B: word: w-a-n-brag-wr-e	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-VC.-VENIT-follow.EXT-NDU-FNSG
C: word: kaboth	 gloss: snake
D: word: kaboth=ma	 gloss: snake=CHAR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 135:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaboth kwa ŋan\stem{kwi}r ___ kwan=ma ... ane=ma fof keke e\stem{fsg}wre.
Gloss (with missing item): snake FUT STSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/run ___ noise=CHAR ... DEM=CHAR EMPH NEG FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/blow.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The snake will run here because of that sound ... therefore we do not blow them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consider example (\ref{ex393}) which comes from a walk through the forest. Along the path, the speaker shows me a particular grass. The leaf of this grass can be placed between the lips, and one can produce a high cheeping sound by blowing through it. She explains that this can be used `for attracting snakes', thus, the \isi{characteristic} is marking a purpose in (\ref{ex394}). After demonstrating how to produce the sound, she repeats in (\ref{ex396}) why the snake is coming (kwanma `because of the sound') and concludes that she would not usually blow this grass (the morpheme ___ma `therefore'). Here the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} marks a reason.
A: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
B: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
C: word: tafo=ma	 gloss: yam.type=CHAR
D: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 136:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaboth kwa ŋan\stem{kwi}r ane kwan=ma ... ___ fof keke e\stem{fsg}wre.
Gloss (with missing item): snake FUT STSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/run DEM noise=CHAR ... ___ EMPH NEG FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/blow.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The snake will run here because of that sound ... therefore we do not blow them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consider example (\ref{ex393}) which comes from a walk through the forest. Along the path, the speaker shows me a particular grass. The leaf of this grass can be placed between the lips, and one can produce a high cheeping sound by blowing through it. She explains that this can be used `for attracting snakes', thus, the \isi{characteristic} is marking a purpose in (\ref{ex394}). After demonstrating how to produce the sound, she repeats in (\ref{ex396}) why the snake is coming (kwanma `because of the sound') and concludes that she would not usually blow this grass (anema `therefore'). Here the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} marks a reason.
A: word: ane=ma	 gloss: DEM=CHAR
B: word: bäne=ma	 gloss: DEM:MED=CHAR
C: word: nzä	 gloss: FSG.ABS
D: word: kowi-a-fis=ane=ma=nzo	 gloss: kowi-POSS-husband=POSS.SG=CHAR=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 137:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zane mane \stem{yé} ... bänemr y\stem{rä}rth ... ___ kn-si=r.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM:PROX which TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... Recog.PURP STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/do ... ___ roll-NMLZ=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for this one ... they use it for that ... for rolling cigarettes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} competes with the \isi{purposive} \isi{case} in marking the semantic role of purpose. In many utterances, they can be used interchangeably. Consider examples (\ref{ex399}) and (\ref{ex398}), where both can be used to express an inherent purpose of some entity (`the leaf is for rolling cigarettes'). Likewise, in (\ref{ex394}), the \isi{purposive} could be used (kaboth räkumgsir yé `it is for attracting snakes'). An intentional purpose of some individual (e.g. `he goes for hunting') is most frequently expressed by the \isi{purposive} \isi{case}, not by the \isi{characteristic}.
A: word: nima=thatha	 gloss: like.this=Simil
B: word: kzi	 gloss: barktray
C: word: kukufia	 gloss: kukufia
D: word: sukufa	 gloss: tobacco
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 138:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ane taga mane e\stem{rä} ___ kn-si=ma we e\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM leaf which STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ___ roll-NMLZ=CHAR also STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for those leaves, they are also used for rolling cigarettes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} competes with the \isi{purposive} \isi{case} in marking the semantic role of purpose. In many utterances, they can be used interchangeably. Consider examples (\ref{ex399}) and (\ref{ex398}), where both can be used to express an inherent purpose of some entity (`the leaf is for rolling cigarettes'). Likewise, in (\ref{ex394}), the \isi{purposive} could be used (kaboth räkumgsir yé `it is for attracting snakes'). An intentional purpose of some individual (e.g. `he goes for hunting') is most frequently expressed by the \isi{purposive} \isi{case}, not by the \isi{characteristic}.
A: word: kzi	 gloss: barktray
B: word: kukufia	 gloss: kukufia
C: word: zokwasi=fo	 gloss: speech=All
D: word: sukufa	 gloss: tobacco
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 139:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ räkumg-si=ma \stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ attract-NMLZ=CHAR TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is for attracting snakes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} competes with the \isi{purposive} \isi{case} in marking the semantic role of purpose. In many utterances, they can be used interchangeably. Consider examples (\ref{ex399}) and (\ref{ex398}), where both can be used to express an inherent purpose of some entity (`the leaf is for rolling cigarettes'). Likewise, in (\ref{ex394}), the \isi{purposive} could be used (the morpheme ___ räkumgsir yé `it is for attracting its gloss ___s'). An intentional purpose of some individual (e.g. `he goes for hunting') is most frequently expressed by the \isi{purposive} \isi{case}, not by the \isi{characteristic}.
A: word: kaboth=ma	 gloss: snake=CHAR
B: word: ŋazi=karä	 gloss: coconut=PROP
C: word: kaboth	 gloss: snake
D: word: ŋame=é	 gloss: mother=ERG.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 140:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzun nafa-emoth ___ fof ... bänemr. ... fäms ŋare=r.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.DAT Third.POSS-sister ___ EMPH ... Recog.PURP. ... exchange woman=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They gave me their sister as that ... as an exchange woman.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With \isi{animate} referents, the \isi{dative} is used to mark a \isi{goal} or \isi{beneficiary}. The \isi{purposive} \isi{case} can be used for more abstract \isi{animate} referents, for example fäms ŋare=r `for/as exchange woman'.\footnote{Example (\ref{ex173}) on page \pageref{ex173} provides a textual example of fäms ŋarer.} The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} cannot serve for marking purpose in this sense. Instead, with \isi{animate} referents it always marks a reason, origin or cause. Additionally, \isi{animate} referents must take the \isi{possessive} \isi{case} first, and then the \isi{characteristic} =ma attaches to the \isi{possessive}. In example (\ref{ex400}), a young man explains how the food will be shared during an upcoming feast. The \isi{characteristic} is attached to the \isi{possessive} pronouns. Example (\ref{ex401}) comes from a story in which the wife of a man had been killed, and at the end of the story he cries bitterly because of her. In both examples, the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a \isi{possessive}: nzenmema and nafaŋareanema. It is ungrammatical to use the unmarked (\isi{absolutive}) forms: \textsuperscript{\ast}nima and \textsuperscript{\ast}nafaŋarema.
A: word: th-ä-kwr-a-th	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG
B: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
C: word: yawi-yawi=me	 gloss: REDUP-seed=INS
D: word: th-ä-zingrthm-a	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.NDU-look.around.RS-PST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 141:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): we nafa ___ srä\stem{thor}oth ... ni nafanme=ma fof srän\stem{thor}e.
Gloss (with missing item): also TNSG.ERG ___ Pl:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV:ANDAT/carry ... FNSG TNSG.POSS=CHAR EMPH FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/carry.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They will take it from us and we will take it from them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With \isi{animate} referents, the \isi{dative} is used to mark a \isi{goal} or \isi{beneficiary}. The \isi{purposive} \isi{case} can be used for more abstract \isi{animate} referents, for example fäms ŋare=r `for/as exchange woman'.\footnote{Example (\ref{ex173}) on page \pageref{ex173} provides a textual example of fäms ŋarer.} The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} cannot serve for marking purpose in this sense. Instead, with \isi{animate} referents it always marks a reason, origin or cause. Additionally, \isi{animate} referents must take the \isi{possessive} \isi{case} first, and then the \isi{characteristic} =ma attaches to the \isi{possessive}. In example (\ref{ex400}), a young man explains how the food will be shared during an upcoming feast. The \isi{characteristic} is attached to the \isi{possessive} pronouns. Example (\ref{ex401}) comes from a story in which the wife of a man had been killed, and at the end of the story he cries bitterly because of her. In both examples, the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a \isi{possessive}: nzenmema and nafaŋareanema. It is ungrammatical to use the unmarked (\isi{absolutive}) forms: \textsuperscript{\ast}nima and \textsuperscript{\ast}nafaŋarema.
A: word: nafane=ma	 gloss: TSG.POSS=CHAR
B: word: katan	 gloss: small
C: word: nzenme=ma	 gloss: FNSG.POSS=CHAR
D: word: nzenme	 gloss: FNSG.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 142:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): we nafa nzenme=ma srä\stem{thor}oth ... ni ___ fof srän\stem{thor}e.
Gloss (with missing item): also TNSG.ERG FNSG.POSS=CHAR Pl:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV:ANDAT/carry ... FNSG ___ EMPH FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/carry.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They will take it from us and we will take it from them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With \isi{animate} referents, the \isi{dative} is used to mark a \isi{goal} or \isi{beneficiary}. The \isi{purposive} \isi{case} can be used for more abstract \isi{animate} referents, for example fäms ŋare=r `for/as exchange woman'.\footnote{Example (\ref{ex173}) on page \pageref{ex173} provides a textual example of fäms ŋarer.} The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} cannot serve for marking purpose in this sense. Instead, with \isi{animate} referents it always marks a reason, origin or cause. Additionally, \isi{animate} referents must take the \isi{possessive} \isi{case} first, and then the \isi{characteristic} =ma attaches to the \isi{possessive}. In example (\ref{ex400}), a young man explains how the food will be shared during an upcoming feast. The \isi{characteristic} is attached to the \isi{possessive} pronouns. Example (\ref{ex401}) comes from a story in which the wife of a man had been killed, and at the end of the story he cries bitterly because of her. In both examples, the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a \isi{possessive}: nzenmema and nafaŋareanema. It is ungrammatical to use the unmarked (\isi{absolutive}) forms: \textsuperscript{\ast}nima and \textsuperscript{\ast}nafaŋarema.
A: word: nafanme=ma	 gloss: TNSG.POSS=CHAR
B: word: nzürna	 gloss: spirit
C: word: nafanme	 gloss: TNSG.POSS
D: word: nafane=ma	 gloss: TSG.POSS=CHAR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 143:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): chris=f ya\stem{thug}wr keke kwa sre\stem{faf} yakme ... ___ mane \stem{yé} ... kwa fthé fof y\stem{fath}wr.
Gloss (with missing item): chris=ERG.SG STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/trick NEG FUT STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV/hold quickly ... ___ which TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... FUT when EMPH STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/hold.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Chris will trick him, he will not hold him quickly ... Only at the third (time) ... (that is) when he will really hold him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} suffix is used to derive cardinal numerals: eda `two' \rightarrow edama `second' (\S\ref{numerals-subsec}). In example (\ref{ex402}), the speaker explains what I have to do during an upcoming namesake ceremony.
A: word: etha=ma	 gloss: three=CHAR
B: word: zokwasi=ma	 gloss: language=CHAR
C: word: gathagatha=me=nzo	 gloss: bad=INS=ONLY
D: word: zrin=fa	 gloss: problem=ABL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 144:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaboth kwa ŋan\stem{kwi}r ___ kwan=ma ... ane=ma fof keke e\stem{fsg}wre.
Gloss (with missing item): snake FUT STSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/run ___ noise=CHAR ... DEM=CHAR EMPH NEG FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/blow.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The snake will run here because of that sound ... therefore we do not blow them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} is frequently used on \isi{demonstrative} pronouns, as in (\ref{ex396}), meaning `therefore'. In some words, the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} has become lexicalised, for example: rma `why' from ra `what' plus =ma or karama wath `karama dance' from kara which is a place in the West. Other lexical items show a ma element, but the connection to the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} is hypothetical at the moment, for example nzagoma `for later, in advance' and madma `female'.
A: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
B: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
C: word: mayawa=medbo	 gloss: mayawa=All.ANIM.NSG
D: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 145:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaboth kwa ŋan\stem{kwi}r ane kwan=ma ... ___ fof keke e\stem{fsg}wre.
Gloss (with missing item): snake FUT STSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/run DEM noise=CHAR ... ___ EMPH NEG FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/blow.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The snake will run here because of that sound ... therefore we do not blow them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} is frequently used on \isi{demonstrative} pronouns, as in (\ref{ex396}), meaning `therefore'. In some words, the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} has become lexicalised, for example: rma `why' from ra `what' plus =ma or karama wath `karama dance' from kara which is a place in the West. Other lexical items show a ma element, but the connection to the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} is hypothetical at the moment, for example nzagoma `for later, in advance' and madma `female'.
A: word: ane=ma	 gloss: DEM=CHAR
B: word: f-frü-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: REDUP-single-DISTR=INS=ONLY
C: word: bäne=ma	 gloss: DEM:MED=CHAR
D: word: kowi-a-fis=ane=ma=nzo	 gloss: kowi-POSS-husband=POSS.SG=CHAR=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 146:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ zane kar \stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ DEM:PROX place TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`This is a dusty place.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use the term ``\isi{proprietive}'' for this case enclitic because it constitutes a functional opposition with the private case, i.e. `having something' versus `not having something'. There are two variants for the proprietive =karä and =kaf. They operate at the clausal and interclausal level and express the semantic role of association (`with something' or `with someone') or property (`having some quality', `having some object'). The latter role often employs an existential construction, as in (\ref{ex347}) and (\ref{ex346}). In its semantics, the \isi{proprietive} overlaps with the \isi{associative} \isi{case}. The main difference lies in the kinds of referents encoded. The associative often encodes animate referents, while the proprietive is rarely found with animate referents. See (\ref{ex345}) for one such example. I discuss the difference between the associative and the proprietive in {\S}\ref{comcase}.
A: word: zafe=wä	 gloss: old=EMPH
B: word: ŋoŋoyam=karä	 gloss: noise=PROP
C: word: thäbu=karä	 gloss: hair=PROP
D: word: gwrmg=karä	 gloss: dust=PROP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D