cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 147:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kabe yé ... ___ thäbu=karä \stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): man TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ hair=PROP TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`This is a man. He has a beard.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use the term ``\isi{proprietive}'' for this case enclitic because it constitutes a functional opposition with the private case, i.e. `having something' versus `not having something'. There are two variants for the proprietive =karä and =kaf. They operate at the clausal and interclausal level and express the semantic role of association (`with something' or `with someone') or property (`having some quality', `having some object'). The latter role often employs an existential construction, as in (\ref{ex347}) and (\ref{ex346}). In its semantics, the \isi{proprietive} overlaps with the \isi{associative} \isi{case}. The main difference lies in the kinds of referents encoded. The associative often encodes animate referents, while the proprietive is rarely found with animate referents. See (\ref{ex345}) for one such example. I discuss the difference between the associative and the proprietive in {\S}\ref{comcase}.
A: word: yafü-si=karä	 gloss: open-NMLZ=PROP
B: word: räkumg-si=r	 gloss: attract-NMLZ=PURP
C: word: mor	 gloss: neck
D: word: fäk	 gloss: jaw
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 148:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzä zwe\stem{yafür}ath ___ ... sa\stem{mther}ath warfo nge z=\stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ABS STPL:SBJ>FSG:IO:PST:PFV/open ___ ... STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/lift.up above child PROX=TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They opened it for me with the child. They lifted him up high (and said) ``Here is the boy!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use the term ``\isi{proprietive}'' for this case enclitic because it constitutes a functional opposition with the private case, i.e. `having something' versus `not having something'. There are two variants for the proprietive =karä and =kaf. They operate at the clausal and interclausal level and express the semantic role of association (`with something' or `with someone') or property (`having some quality', `having some object'). The latter role often employs an existential construction, as in (\ref{ex347}) and (\ref{ex346}). In its semantics, the \isi{proprietive} overlaps with the \isi{associative} \isi{case}. The main difference lies in the kinds of referents encoded. The associative often encodes animate referents, while the proprietive is rarely found with animate referents. See (\ref{ex345}) for one such example. I discuss the difference between the associative and the proprietive in {\S}\ref{comcase}.
A: word: nge=karä	 gloss: child=PROP
B: word: fr=me=nzo	 gloss: line=INS=ONLY
C: word: zane=karä=sü	 gloss: DEM:PROX=PROP=ETC
D: word: yf=karä	 gloss: name=PROP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 149:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzä=nzo zä zf wo\stem{rä} ___ daw=karä fof.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ABS=ONLY PROX IMM FSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ___ garden=PROP EMPH.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am the only one here with a really big garden.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the \isi{proprietive} =karä attaches to one noun phrase relating it semantically to another noun phrase, the two NPs do not form a syntactic constituent, i.e. the \isi{proprietive} does not function adnominally. In example (\ref{ex344}), the speaker is boasting about his big yam garden: `I am the one with the biggest garden'. In example (\ref{ex345}), a woman describes a namesake ceremony, where the mother `with her child' are hidden behind a curtain of coconut leaves waiting to be officially presented to their relatives. In both examples, the NPs marked with the \isi{proprietive} are printed in bold, and the NP to which it associates some entity is underlined.
A: word: nge=mär	 gloss: child=PRIV
B: word: kafar=wä	 gloss: big=EMPH
C: word: mon=wä	 gloss: how=EMPH
D: word: kafar=é	 gloss: big=ERG.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 150:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzä zwe\stem{yafür}ath ___ ... sa\stem{mther}ath warfo nge z=\stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ABS STPL:SBJ>FSG:IO:PST:PFV/open ___ ... STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/lift.up above child PROX=TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They opened it for me with the child. They lifted him up high (and said) ``Here is the boy!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the \isi{proprietive} =karä attaches to one noun phrase relating it semantically to another noun phrase, the two NPs do not form a syntactic constituent, i.e. the \isi{proprietive} does not function adnominally. In example (\ref{ex344}), the speaker is boasting about his big yam garden: `I am the one with the biggest garden'. In example (\ref{ex345}), a woman describes a namesake ceremony, where the mother `with her child' are hidden behind a curtain of coconut leaves waiting to be officially presented to their relatives. In both examples, the NPs marked with the \isi{proprietive} are printed in bold, and the NP to which it associates some entity is underlined.
A: word: yf=karä	 gloss: name=PROP
B: word: zane=karä=sü	 gloss: DEM:PROX=PROP=ETC
C: word: nge=karä	 gloss: child=PROP
D: word: markai	 gloss: outsider
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 151:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ zane kar \stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ DEM:PROX place TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`This is a dusty place.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{proprietive} is frequently used with the copula to express a property or quality of something: `with dust' in (\ref{ex347}), or someone: `with facial hair' in (\ref{ex346}). The kinds of properties assigned are usually portrayed as being of temporary nature.
A: word: ŋoŋoyam=karä	 gloss: noise=PROP
B: word: emoth	 gloss: sister
C: word: thäbu=karä	 gloss: hair=PROP
D: word: gwrmg=karä	 gloss: dust=PROP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 152:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kabe yé ... ___ thäbu=karä \stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): man TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ hair=PROP TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`This is a man. He has a beard.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{proprietive} is frequently used with the copula to express a property or quality of something: `with dust' in (\ref{ex347}), or someone: `with facial hair' in (\ref{ex346}). The kinds of properties assigned are usually portrayed as being of temporary nature.
A: word: mor	 gloss: neck
B: word: räkumg-si=r	 gloss: attract-NMLZ=PURP
C: word: yawi-yawi=me	 gloss: REDUP-seed=INS
D: word: fäk	 gloss: jaw
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 153:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ s\stem{wathkn}wé ... ane käz\stem{nob}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IMP:IPFV/stir ... DEM SSG:SBJ:IMP:PFV/drink.
The English translation of this sentence is:`You stir it with water and drink that!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex351}) and (\ref{ex352}) contrast the \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} with the instrumental \isi{case}. In example (\ref{ex351}), the speaker talks about local medicine and how one has to mix the liquid of a particular plant with water. Hence, nokarä has to be translated as addition: `(together) with the water'. In example (\ref{ex352}), the shallow water on the riverbank acts as an instrument making it easier to roll a heavy sago stem. Consequently, nome has to be translated as: `with (the help of) the water'.
A: word: no=mär	 gloss: water=PRIV
B: word: gamo=karä	 gloss: spell=PROP
C: word: fam=ä	 gloss: thought=ASSOC
D: word: no=karä	 gloss: water=PROP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 154:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa\stem{thkäf}ake bi frez-si thenzg-si ... ___ töna sa\stem{kor}ake ... zane no=me.
Gloss (with missing item): FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/start sago bring.up.from.river-NMLZ roll-NMLZ ... ___ high.ground FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/become ... DEM:PROX water=INS.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We started bringing up the sago from the river by rolling it ... with that we brought it to the high ground ... with the water.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex351}) and (\ref{ex352}) contrast the \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} with the instrumental \isi{case}. In example (\ref{ex351}), the speaker talks about local medicine and how one has to mix the liquid of a particular plant with water. Hence, nokarä has to be translated as addition: `(together) with the water'. In example (\ref{ex352}), the shallow water on the riverbank acts as an instrument making it easier to roll a heavy sago stem. Consequently, nome has to be translated as: `with (the help of) the water'.
A: word: ane=me=wä	 gloss: DEM=INS=EMPH
B: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
C: word: zokwasi=me=wä	 gloss: speech=INS=EMPH
D: word: nge	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 155:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ s\stem{wathkn}wé ... ane käz\stem{nob}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IMP:IPFV/stir ... DEM SSG:SBJ:IMP:PFV/drink.
The English translation of this sentence is:`You stir it with water and drink that!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex351}) and (\ref{ex352}) contrast the \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} with the instrumental \isi{case}. In example (\ref{ex351}), the speaker talks about local medicine and how one has to mix the liquid of a particular plant with water. Hence, nokarä has to be translated as addition: `(together) with the water'. In example (\ref{ex352}), the shallow water on the riverbank acts as an instrument making it easier to roll a heavy sago stem. Consequently, nome has to be translated as: `with (the help of) the water'.
A: word: no=karä	 gloss: water=PROP
B: word: bänemr=nzo	 gloss: Recog.PURP=ONLY
C: word: gamo=karä	 gloss: spell=PROP
D: word: no=mär	 gloss: water=PRIV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 156:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa\stem{thkäf}ake bi frez-si thenzg-si ... ___ töna sa\stem{kor}ake ... zane no=me.
Gloss (with missing item): FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/start sago bring.up.from.river-NMLZ roll-NMLZ ... ___ high.ground FPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/become ... DEM:PROX water=INS.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We started bringing up the sago from the river by rolling it ... with that we brought it to the high ground ... with the water.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex351}) and (\ref{ex352}) contrast the \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} with the instrumental \isi{case}. In example (\ref{ex351}), the speaker talks about local medicine and how one has to mix the liquid of a particular plant with water. Hence, nokarä has to be translated as addition: `(together) with the water'. In example (\ref{ex352}), the shallow water on the riverbank acts as an instrument making it easier to roll a heavy sago stem. Consequently, nome has to be translated as: `with (the help of) the water'.
A: word: ane=ma	 gloss: DEM=CHAR
B: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
C: word: zokwasi=me=wä	 gloss: speech=INS=EMPH
D: word: ane=me=wä	 gloss: DEM=INS=EMPH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 157:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): gon z ze\stem{faf} ... ___ efoth y\stem{mar}wr.
Gloss (with missing item): hip IAM FSG:SBJ:Rpst:PFV/hold ... ___ sun STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/see.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He has his hands on his hips. As he looks up at the sun, he laughs.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} operates at the interclausal level when it is attached to a nominalised verb (\ref{ex350}). Unlike the instrumental \isi{case}, the \isi{proprietive} does not form a resultative construction. In (\ref{ex350}), the relationship between borsi `laugh' and the predicate `he looks' is one of association or \isi{simultaneity}. It can also be translated as a manner adverbial (`He stands laughingly.'). In example (\ref{ex428}) the father comes while telling a story. In contrast, in resultative constructions, the result of some previous event is emphasised. For example, in (\ref{ex427}) the speaker points to a stack of yams in his storage house stressing the fact that he has piled up different types of yam tubers. This can be analysed as a pseudo-\isi{passive} construction ({\S}\ref{passiveclause}).
A: word: trik-si=karä	 gloss: tell-NMLZ=PROP
B: word: borsi	 gloss: laugh-NMLZ
C: word: bor-si=karä	 gloss: laugh-NMLZ=PROP
D: word: miyo=märe	 gloss: desire=PRIV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 158:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): gon z ze\stem{faf} ... ___ efoth y\stem{mar}wr.
Gloss (with missing item): hip IAM FSG:SBJ:Rpst:PFV/hold ... ___ sun STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/see.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He has his hands on his hips. As he looks up at the sun, he laughs.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} operates at the interclausal level when it is attached to a nominalised verb (\ref{ex350}). Unlike the instrumental \isi{case}, the \isi{proprietive} does not form a resultative construction. In (\ref{ex350}), the relationship between borsi `laugh' and the predicate `he looks' is one of association or \isi{simultaneity}. It can also be translated as a manner adverbial (`He stands laughingly.'). In example (\ref{ex428}) the father comes while telling a story. In contrast, in resultative constructions, the result of some previous event is emphasised. For example, in (\ref{ex427}) the speaker points to a stack of yams in his storage house stressing the fact that he has piled up different types of yam tubers. This can be analysed as a pseudo-\isi{passive} construction ({\S}\ref{passiveclause}).
A: word: borsi	 gloss: laugh-NMLZ
B: word: mizi=dben	 gloss: pastor=LOC.ANIM.SG
C: word: bor-si=karä	 gloss: laugh-NMLZ=PROP
D: word: trik-si=karä	 gloss: tell-NMLZ=PROP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 159:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nafa-ŋafe ___ yan\stem{yak}.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.POSS-father ___ TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/walk.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The father walks here while he is telling a story.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} operates at the interclausal level when it is attached to a nominalised verb (\ref{ex350}). Unlike the instrumental \isi{case}, the \isi{proprietive} does not form a resultative construction. In (\ref{ex350}), the relationship between borsi `laugh' and the predicate `he looks' is one of association or \isi{simultaneity}. It can also be translated as a manner adverbial (`He stands laughingly.'). In example (\ref{ex428}) the father comes while telling a story. In contrast, in resultative constructions, the result of some previous event is emphasised. For example, in (\ref{ex427}) the speaker points to a stack of yams in his storage house stressing the fact that he has piled up different types of yam tubers. This can be analysed as a pseudo-\isi{passive} construction ({\S}\ref{passiveclause}).
A: word: thwek-si=karä	 gloss: rejoice-NMLZ=PROP
B: word: trik-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
C: word: yafü-si=karä	 gloss: open-NMLZ=PROP
D: word: trik-si=karä	 gloss: tell-NMLZ=PROP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 160:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zane ___ e\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM:PROX ___ STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`These ones have been mixed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{proprietive} \isi{case} operates at the interclausal level when it is attached to a nominalised verb (\ref{ex350}). Unlike the instrumental \isi{case}, the \isi{proprietive} does not form a resultative construction. In (\ref{ex350}), the relationship between borsi `laugh' and the predicate `he looks' is one of association or \isi{simultaneity}. It can also be translated as a manner adverbial (`He stands laughingly.'). In example (\ref{ex428}) the father comes while telling a story. In contrast, in resultative constructions, the result of some previous event is emphasised. For example, in (\ref{ex427}) the speaker points to a stack of yams in his storage house stressing the fact that he has piled up different types of yam tubers. This can be analysed as a pseudo-\isi{passive} construction ({\S}\ref{passiveclause}).
A: word: fukthk-si=me	 gloss: mix-NMLZ=INS
B: word: t-trika-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
C: word: kr-si	 gloss: block-NMLZ
D: word: mgthk-si	 gloss: feed-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A