cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi fenz ane bänemr=nzo \stem{rä} ... ___ yari-si=r.
Gloss (with missing item): but body.liquid DEM Recog.PURP=ONLY TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ give-NMLZ=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`but the body liquid is only for this ... for giving power.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The last noun phrase in (\ref{ex413}) and in (\ref{ex415}) show the \isi{purposive} \isi{case} operating at the interclausal level. In both cases the \isi{purposive} \isi{case} marker is attached to an infinitival adjunct. In (\ref{ex415}), the speaker talks about sorcerers who visit a deceased man's grave after the burial to extract certain body parts. In both examples, the clause marked with the \isi{purposive} contains the infinitive as well as the \isi{object} of the event in the ablative, for example the morpheme ___ yarisi `its gloss ___ giving' in (\ref{ex415}).
A: word: tayo	 gloss: weak
B: word: namä=me	 gloss: good=INS
C: word: ŋanz=märe	 gloss: row=PRIV
D: word: tmä	 gloss: strength
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi fenz ane ___ \stem{rä} ... tmä yari-si=r.
Gloss (with missing item): but body.liquid DEM ___ TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... strength give-NMLZ=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`but the body liquid is only for this ... for giving power.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The noun phrase or the infinitival adjunct marked with =r ascribes a specific purpose, and in this ascriptive function, the \isi{purposive} overlaps with the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case}. Hence, in (\ref{ex415}) both tmä yarisir and tmä yarisima would be grammatical and identical in meaning. I described the nature of this overlap in {\S}\ref{charcase}.
A: word: bänemr	 gloss: Recog.PURP
B: word: bänemr=nzo	 gloss: Recog.PURP=ONLY
C: word: kma	 gloss: Pot
D: word: bi=karä=sü	 gloss: sago=PROP=ETC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi fenz ane bänemr=nzo \stem{rä} ... ___ yari-si=r.
Gloss (with missing item): but body.liquid DEM Recog.PURP=ONLY TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ give-NMLZ=PURP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`but the body liquid is only for this ... for giving power.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The noun phrase or the infinitival adjunct marked with =r ascribes a specific purpose, and in this ascriptive function, the \isi{purposive} overlaps with the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case}. Hence, in (\ref{ex415}) both the morpheme ___ yarisir and the morpheme ___ yarisima would be grammatical and identical in meaning. I described the nature of this overlap in {\S}\ref{charcase}.
A: word: tmä	 gloss: strength
B: word: tayo	 gloss: weak
C: word: zuzi=r	 gloss: fishing=PURP
D: word: namä=me	 gloss: good=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): keke thu\stem{fn}zrm ... ___ kar=ma kabe.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG STSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/hit ... ___ village=CHAR man.
The English translation of this sentence is:`She was not killing them ... the people from this village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} covers a number of semantic roles which are source, reason and purpose. The \isi{characteristic} operates at all three levels: adnominal (\ref{ex419}), clausal (\ref{ex390}) and interclausal (\ref{ex391}). In example (\ref{ex419}), karma `from the village' functions within a matrix \isi{noun phrase}. In this example, the \isi{characteristic} could be left out, and the morpheme ___ karma kabe or the morpheme ___ kar kabe are both grammatical.\footnote{In zthe morpheme ___ kar kabe, the phrasal head consists of a compound kar kabe. In zthe morpheme ___ karma kabe, the noun phrase zthe morpheme ___ kar is embedded in a matrix noun phrase. Thus, the reference of the demonstrative zthe morpheme ___ is different between the two examples. In the former case zthe morpheme ___ refers to the complex head, but in the latter case zthe morpheme ___ refers only to the head of the embedded noun phrase. See {\S}\ref{headslot} for a discussion of noun phrases.} In example (\ref{ex390}), the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a separate \isi{noun phrase} and functions at the clause level. In example (\ref{ex391}), the speaker comments on the exhausting work of dragging a sago palm trunk. The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to an infinitival adjunct (`dragging') and, thus, operates at a interclausal level.
A: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
B: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
C: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
D: word: bi=karä=sü	 gloss: sago=PROP=ETC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kar=ma minzü fefe nafa dagon swa\stem{fiyok}wrmth bäne=ma z zbo ŋa\stem{brü}za.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ village=CHAR very real TNSG.ERG food STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:IO:PST:DUR/make Recog=CHAR IAM PROX.All SG:SBJ:PST:IPFV/drown.
The English translation of this sentence is:`From this village, they made a lot of food for him because he drowned here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} covers a number of semantic roles which are source, reason and purpose. The \isi{characteristic} operates at all three levels: adnominal (\ref{ex419}), clausal (\ref{ex390}) and interclausal (\ref{ex391}). In example (\ref{ex419}), karma `from the village' functions within a matrix \isi{noun phrase}. In this example, the \isi{characteristic} could be left out, and ane karma kabe or ane kar kabe are both grammatical.\footnote{In the morpheme ___ kar kabe, the phrasal head consists of a compound kar kabe. In the morpheme ___ karma kabe, the noun phrase the morpheme ___ kar is embedded in a matrix noun phrase. Thus, the reference of the demonstrative the morpheme ___ is different between the two examples. In the former case the morpheme ___ refers to the complex head, but in the latter case the morpheme ___ refers only to the head of the embedded noun phrase. See {\S}\ref{headslot} for a discussion of noun phrases.} In example (\ref{ex390}), the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a separate \isi{noun phrase} and functions at the clause level. In example (\ref{ex391}), the speaker comments on the exhausting work of dragging a sago palm trunk. The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to an infinitival adjunct (`dragging') and, thus, operates at a interclausal level.
A: word: mor	 gloss: neck
B: word: bäne=fo	 gloss: Recog=All
C: word: zane	 gloss: DEM:PROX
D: word: zane=me	 gloss: DEM:PROX=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): festh tayo tayo n\stem{rä} ... ___ thärku-si=ma.
Gloss (with missing item): body weak weak FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ drag-NMLZ=CHAR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Our bodies are weak from that dragging (of the sago).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} covers a number of semantic roles which are source, reason and purpose. The \isi{characteristic} operates at all three levels: adnominal (\ref{ex419}), clausal (\ref{ex390}) and interclausal (\ref{ex391}). In example (\ref{ex419}), karma `from the village' functions within a matrix \isi{noun phrase}. In this example, the \isi{characteristic} could be left out, and ane karma kabe or ane kar kabe are both grammatical.\footnote{In zane kar kabe, the phrasal head consists of a compound kar kabe. In zane karma kabe, the noun phrase zane kar is embedded in a matrix noun phrase. Thus, the reference of the demonstrative zane is different between the two examples. In the former case zane refers to the complex head, but in the latter case zane refers only to the head of the embedded noun phrase. See {\S}\ref{headslot} for a discussion of noun phrases.} In example (\ref{ex390}), the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a separate \isi{noun phrase} and functions at the clause level. In example (\ref{ex391}), the speaker comments on the exhausting work of dragging a sago palm trunk. The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to an infinitival adjunct (`dragging') and, thus, operates at a interclausal level.
A: word: bäne	 gloss: DEM:MED
B: word: markai=aneme	 gloss: outsider=POSS.NSG
C: word: bäne=fo	 gloss: Recog=All
D: word: fr=me=nzo	 gloss: line=INS=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): keke thu\stem{fn}zrm ... ___ kar=ma kabe.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG STSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/hit ... ___ village=CHAR man.
The English translation of this sentence is:`She was not killing them ... the people from this village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} covers a number of semantic roles which are source, reason and purpose. The \isi{characteristic} operates at all three levels: adnominal (\ref{ex419}), clausal (\ref{ex390}) and interclausal (\ref{ex391}). In example (\ref{ex419}), karma `from the village' functions within a matrix \isi{noun phrase}. In this example, the \isi{characteristic} could be left out, and the morpheme ___ karma kabe or the morpheme ___ kar kabe are both grammatical.\footnote{In zthe morpheme ___ kar kabe, the phrasal head consists of a compound kar kabe. In zthe morpheme ___ karma kabe, the noun phrase zthe morpheme ___ kar is embedded in a matrix noun phrase. Thus, the reference of the demonstrative zthe morpheme ___ is different between the two examples. In the former case zthe morpheme ___ refers to the complex head, but in the latter case zthe morpheme ___ refers only to the head of the embedded noun phrase. See {\S}\ref{headslot} for a discussion of noun phrases.} In example (\ref{ex390}), the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a separate \isi{noun phrase} and functions at the clause level. In example (\ref{ex391}), the speaker comments on the exhausting work of dragging a sago palm trunk. The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to an infinitival adjunct (`dragging') and, thus, operates at a interclausal level.
A: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
B: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
C: word: mane=me	 gloss: which=INS
D: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kar=ma minzü fefe nafa dagon swa\stem{fiyok}wrmth bäne=ma z zbo ŋa\stem{brü}za.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ village=CHAR very real TNSG.ERG food STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:IO:PST:DUR/make Recog=CHAR IAM PROX.All SG:SBJ:PST:IPFV/drown.
The English translation of this sentence is:`From this village, they made a lot of food for him because he drowned here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} covers a number of semantic roles which are source, reason and purpose. The \isi{characteristic} operates at all three levels: adnominal (\ref{ex419}), clausal (\ref{ex390}) and interclausal (\ref{ex391}). In example (\ref{ex419}), karma `from the village' functions within a matrix \isi{noun phrase}. In this example, the \isi{characteristic} could be left out, and ane karma kabe or ane kar kabe are both grammatical.\footnote{In the morpheme ___ kar kabe, the phrasal head consists of a compound kar kabe. In the morpheme ___ karma kabe, the noun phrase the morpheme ___ kar is embedded in a matrix noun phrase. Thus, the reference of the demonstrative the morpheme ___ is different between the two examples. In the former case the morpheme ___ refers to the complex head, but in the latter case the morpheme ___ refers only to the head of the embedded noun phrase. See {\S}\ref{headslot} for a discussion of noun phrases.} In example (\ref{ex390}), the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a separate \isi{noun phrase} and functions at the clause level. In example (\ref{ex391}), the speaker comments on the exhausting work of dragging a sago palm trunk. The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to an infinitival adjunct (`dragging') and, thus, operates at a interclausal level.
A: word: fam	 gloss: thoughts
B: word: noku=yé	 gloss: anger=ERG.NSG
C: word: zane=me	 gloss: DEM:PROX=INS
D: word: zane	 gloss: DEM:PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): festh tayo tayo n\stem{rä} ... ___ thärku-si=ma.
Gloss (with missing item): body weak weak FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ drag-NMLZ=CHAR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Our bodies are weak from that dragging (of the sago).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} covers a number of semantic roles which are source, reason and purpose. The \isi{characteristic} operates at all three levels: adnominal (\ref{ex419}), clausal (\ref{ex390}) and interclausal (\ref{ex391}). In example (\ref{ex419}), karma `from the village' functions within a matrix \isi{noun phrase}. In this example, the \isi{characteristic} could be left out, and ane karma kabe or ane kar kabe are both grammatical.\footnote{In zane kar kabe, the phrasal head consists of a compound kar kabe. In zane karma kabe, the noun phrase zane kar is embedded in a matrix noun phrase. Thus, the reference of the demonstrative zane is different between the two examples. In the former case zane refers to the complex head, but in the latter case zane refers only to the head of the embedded noun phrase. See {\S}\ref{headslot} for a discussion of noun phrases.} In example (\ref{ex390}), the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to a separate \isi{noun phrase} and functions at the clause level. In example (\ref{ex391}), the speaker comments on the exhausting work of dragging a sago palm trunk. The \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} attaches to an infinitival adjunct (`dragging') and, thus, operates at a interclausal level.
A: word: bäne	 gloss: DEM:MED
B: word: badabada=medba	 gloss: ancestor=ABL.ANIM.NSG
C: word: bäne=fo	 gloss: Recog=All
D: word: töna	 gloss: high.ground
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): festh tayo tayo n\stem{rä} ... ___ thärku-si=ma.
Gloss (with missing item): body weak weak FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... ___ drag-NMLZ=CHAR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Our bodies are weak from that dragging (of the sago).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example (\ref{ex391}), the semantic role of spatial origin or source is extended to non-spatial origin, that is reason or cause. Note that the source of motion cannot be expressed using the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case}. Instead the \isi{ablative} =fa has to be used. Non-spatial origin is also found at the clausal level, for example in (\ref{ex392}) where the speaker explains why she was hesitant at first about working for the anthropologist Mary Ayres.
A: word: bäne=fo	 gloss: Recog=All
B: word: tauri=fo	 gloss: wallaby=All
C: word: bäne	 gloss: DEM:MED
D: word: fintäth	 gloss: fintäth
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzä ___ markai zokwasi=ma wtri kwa\stem{rä}rm.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ABS ___ outsider language=CHAR fear FSG:SBJ:PST:DUR/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was afraid of that white man's language.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example (\ref{ex391}), the semantic role of spatial origin or source is extended to non-spatial origin, that is reason or cause. Note that the source of motion cannot be expressed using the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case}. Instead the \isi{ablative} =fa has to be used. Non-spatial origin is also found at the clausal level, for example in (\ref{ex392}) where the speaker explains why she was hesitant at first about working for the anthropologist Mary Ayres.
A: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
B: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
C: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
D: word: zbo	 gloss: PROX.All
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): watik zane zizi=n ___ trik-si thari-si=ma tafo=ma sagu-sagu=ma ... mon e\stem{wor}thre ... mane dagon=ma e\stem{rä} ... mane tafo e\stem{rä} ... zbo zf z\stem{bth}e b=\stem{rä} trik-si ... eso kafar bone namä yariz-si=ma.
Gloss (with missing item): then DEM:PROX afternoon=LOC ___ tell-NMLZ harvest-NMLZ=CHAR yam.type=CHAR REDUP-yam.type=CHAR ... how FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/plant ... which food=CHAR STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... which yam.type STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... PROX.All IMM Fdu:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/finish MED=TSG.F:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be tell-NMLZ ... thanks big SSG.POSS good listen-NMLZ=CHAR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Well, in this afternoon ... (we talked) about yams, the story about harvesting, about Tafo yams and Sagu Sagu yams ... how we plant them ... which ones are for eating ... which ones are for Tafo (storing). We have finished it now there. Thank you for listening.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex395}) concludes a recording taken inside a yam house where the speaker has talked about the different types of yams and the sorting principle in the storage house. He launches a whole battery of noun phrases marked with the \isi{characteristic} \isi{case} to express what the story `was about', and thus the \isi{case} marker can also be used to express the topic of a conversation. In the example, the noun phrases are marked by angled brackets.
A: word: tafo=ma	 gloss: yam.type=CHAR
B: word: mayawa=ma	 gloss: mayawa=CHAR
C: word: wawa=ma	 gloss: yam=CHAR
D: word: f-frü-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: REDUP-single-DISTR=INS=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C