cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... a ___ nafanme zokwasi=me=wä thwa\stem{sämi}nzrmth.
Gloss (with missing item): ... and ___ TNSG.POSS speech=INS=EMPH STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/teach.
The English translation of this sentence is:`... and the mothers were teaching their own language (to the children).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex2}) and (\ref{ex3}) show the \isi{ergative} \isi{non-singular} formative. This is =é when the word is consonant-final and =yé when it is vowel-final. Example (\ref{ex2}) is taken from a procedural text about a little whistle made from a coconut leaf. In example (\ref{ex3}), the speaker complains about some families whose children seem to be shifting from Komnzo to \ili{Wära}.
A: word: nafa-ŋame=é	 gloss: Third.POSS-mother=ERG.NSG
B: word: ama=f	 gloss: mother=ERG.SG
C: word: zünz=me	 gloss: greed=INS
D: word: ŋame=é	 gloss: mother=ERG.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... a ___ nafanme zokwasi=me=wä thwa\stem{sämi}nzrmth.
Gloss (with missing item): ... and ___ TNSG.POSS speech=INS=EMPH STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/teach.
The English translation of this sentence is:`... and the mothers were teaching their own language (to the children).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex2}) and (\ref{ex3}) show the \isi{ergative} \isi{non-singular} formative. This is =é when the word is consonant-final and =yé when it is vowel-final. Example (\ref{ex2}) is taken from a procedural text about a little whistle made from a coconut leaf. In example (\ref{ex3}), the speaker complains about some families whose children seem to be shifting from Komnzo to \ili{Wära}.
A: word: ama=f	 gloss: mother=ERG.SG
B: word: ŋame=é	 gloss: mother=ERG.NSG
C: word: ŋanz=märe	 gloss: row=PRIV
D: word: nafa-ŋame=é	 gloss: Third.POSS-mother=ERG.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nä nima thär\stem{kothm}ako ... nä nima thän\stem{kothm}a nze-zawe.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ some like.this SG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:PFV:ANDAT/chase ... some like.this STSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:PFV:VENIT/chase FNSG.POSS-right.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The water chased some away like this ... and it chased some here to our side like this.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex465}) is taken from a myth in which the island of New Guinea and the continent of Australia were still connected. The myth describes the rising sea-level and how the people had to take refuge on both sides. The \isi{inanimate} referent no `water' is flagged with the \isi{ergative} \isi{case}.
A: word: no=r	 gloss: water=PURP
B: word: ausi=f	 gloss: old.woman=ERG.SG
C: word: no=karä	 gloss: water=PROP
D: word: no=f	 gloss: water=ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ z zwe\stem{faf}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ IAM STSG:SBJ>FSG:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/hold.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am already scared.' (lit. `Fear already holds me.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Experiencer-object constructions, in which the \isi{stimulus} receives the \isi{ergative} and the \isi{experiencer} the absolutive, are quite common. Constructions of this type have been described for \ili{Kalam} by Pawley et al. (\citeyear{Pawley:2000vp}) and for \ili{Nen} by Evans (\citeyear{Evans:2015wy}). As in \ili{Kalam}, \isi{experiencer-object} constructions are often used to express bodily and mental processes. In example (\ref{ex467}), after an evening by the fire, the speaker proclaims that she will go to sleep now because `fear has already grabbed her'.
A: word: wtri=f	 gloss: fear=ERG
B: word: wtri=me	 gloss: fear=INS
C: word: katan=me	 gloss: small=INS
D: word: wtri=karä=sü	 gloss: fear=PROP=ETC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ fthé sa\stem{bth}a.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ when STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/finish.
The English translation of this sentence is:`That is when he got really angry.' (lit. `That is when anger finished him.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex468}) comes from a story about a man who was angry and tried to shock people at a feast. The fact that he was infuriated is expressed literally as `anger/grudges finished him'. Note that (\ref{ex468}) is an exception to the rule that inanimate referents do not receive number marking for case enclitics. Such exceptions are rare in the corpus. There is one more example of this type in the grammar (page \pageref{ex583} example \ref{ex583}), which is also an experiencer-object construction. I take this as evidence, that experiencer-object constructions rank the stimulus argument higher in animacy, i.e. the stimulus is portrayed as being animate. See \S\ref{expobjconstr} for a more detailed discussion of experiencer-object constructions.
A: word: noku	 gloss: anger
B: word: fäms=nzo	 gloss: exchange.man=ONLY
C: word: noku=yé	 gloss: anger=ERG.NSG
D: word: mane=me	 gloss: which=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ fthé sa\stem{bth}a.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ when STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:PFV/finish.
The English translation of this sentence is:`That is when he got really angry.' (lit. `That is when anger finished him.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex468}) comes from a story about a man who was angry and tried to shock people at a feast. The fact that he was infuriated is expressed literally as `anger/grudges finished him'. Note that (\ref{ex468}) is an exception to the rule that inanimate referents do not receive number marking for case enclitics. Such exceptions are rare in the corpus. There is one more example of this type in the grammar (page \pageref{ex583} example \ref{ex583}), which is also an experiencer-object construction. I take this as evidence, that experiencer-object constructions rank the stimulus argument higher in animacy, i.e. the stimulus is portrayed as being animate. See \S\ref{expobjconstr} for a more detailed discussion of experiencer-object constructions.
A: word: zfth	 gloss: base
B: word: emoth	 gloss: sister
C: word: noku	 gloss: anger
D: word: noku=yé	 gloss: anger=ERG.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ fäth frfr a frfr=é n sa\stem{fum}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ Dim shiver ah shiver=ERG.NSG IMN STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/pull.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The small child was almost shivering' (lit. `The shivers were about to pull him.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex468}) comes from a story about a man who was angry and tried to shock people at a feast. The fact that he was infuriated is expressed literally as `athe morpheme ___r/grudges finished him'. Note that (\ref{ex468}) is an exception to the rule that inanimate referents do not receive number marking for case enclitics. Such exceptions are rare in the corpus. There is one more example of this type in the grammar (page \pageref{ex583} example \ref{ex583}), which is also an experiencer-object construction. I take this as evidence, that experiencer-object constructions rank the stimulus argument higher in animacy, i.e. the stimulus is portrayed as being animate. See \S\ref{expobjconstr} for a more detailed discussion of experiencer-object constructions.
A: word: nagayé	 gloss: children
B: word: nge=karä	 gloss: child=PROP
C: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
D: word: nge	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nge fäth frfr a ___ n sa\stem{fum}.
Gloss (with missing item): child Dim shiver ah ___ IMN STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/pull.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The small child was almost shivering' (lit. `The shivers were about to pull him.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex468}) comes from a story about a man who was angry and tried to shock people at a feast. The fact that he was infuriated is expressed literally as `anger/grudges finished him'. Note that (\ref{ex468}) is an exception to the rule that inanimate referents do not receive number marking for case enclitics. Such exceptions are rare in the corpus. There is one more example of this type in the grammar (page \pageref{ex583} example \ref{ex583}), which is also an experiencer-object construction. I take this as evidence, that experiencer-object constructions rank the stimulus argument higher in animacy, i.e. the stimulus is portrayed as being animate. See \S\ref{expobjconstr} for a more detailed discussion of experiencer-object constructions.
A: word: frfr	 gloss: shiver
B: word: frfr=é	 gloss: shiver=ERG.NSG
C: word: zbo	 gloss: PROX.All
D: word: ŋazäthe=ma	 gloss: [ŋazäthe=CHAR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bäne thu\stem{wä}nzrm fof ... zarfa su\stem{rmän}wrm ___ wä-si=f=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM:MED STSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/crack fof ... ear STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:DUR/close ___ crack-NMLZ=ERG=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was cracking those (coconut shells). This cracking was blocking his ears.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{ergative} \isi{case} can also be attached to nominalised verbs, as in (\ref{ex469}). This example is about a \ili{Marind} headhunter who was trying to distract the people by imitating the sound that dogs make when they chew on bones. The poor guy was so busy making this noise that he did not hear how the villagers were approaching him. Hence, it is the \isi{infinitive} of `crack' which receives the \isi{ergative} \isi{case} in (\ref{ex469}).
A: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
B: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
C: word: markai	 gloss: outsider
D: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bäne thu\stem{wä}nzrm fof ... zarfa su\stem{rmän}wrm ___ wä-si=f=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): DEM:MED STSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/crack fof ... ear STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:DUR/close ___ crack-NMLZ=ERG=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was cracking those (coconut shells). This cracking was blocking his ears.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{ergative} \isi{case} can also be attached to nominalised verbs, as in (\ref{ex469}). This example is about a \ili{Marind} headhunter who was trying to distract the people by imitating the sound that dogs make when they chew on bones. The poor guy was so busy making this noise that he did not hear how the villagers were approaching him. Hence, it is the \isi{infinitive} of `crack' which receives the \isi{ergative} \isi{case} in (\ref{ex469}).
A: word: wawa=ma	 gloss: yam=CHAR
B: word: ŋare=ane	 gloss: woman=POSS.SG
C: word: ane=me	 gloss: DEM=INS
D: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mni w\stem{thomon}wath a zrä\stem{föf}th ... fi ___ yr-si=f=nzo zu\stem{ko}nzrm boba wämne yfö=n fof.
Gloss (with missing item): fire STPL:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:PST:IPFV/pile.firewood and STPL:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:IRR:PFV/burn ... but ___ weave-NMLZ=ERG=ONLY STSG:SBJ>TSG.F:OBJ:PST:DUR/do MED.ABL tree hole=LOC EMPH.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They piled up the firewood and started to burn it ... but she was concentrated on weaving the mat there in the tree hole.' (lit. `The mat weaving did her.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Thus, the \isi{ergative} \isi{case} can also function at the interclausal level. Example (\ref{ex470}) shows that the infinitive to which the \isi{ergative} is attached may also take an \isi{object}. In the example a malevolent spirit, who lives in a tree, is about to be burned by an angry mob. She does not notice the fire at first because she is too concentrated on weaving a its gloss ___. The `its gloss ___ weaving' receives the \isi{ergative}.
A: word: yame	 gloss: mat
B: word: zuzi=r	 gloss: fishing=PURP
C: word: yame=märe	 gloss: mat=PRIV
D: word: gwonyame=n	 gloss: clothes=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzone daw bä mane \stem{rä}ra safs=en ... ___ thä\stem{gathi}nza ... safs kar=nm.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.POSS garden MED which TSG.F:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be safs=LOC ... ___ SG:SBJ>STPL:IO:PST:IPFV/leave ... safs village=DAT.NSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for my garden there in Safs, I left it for them ... for the Safs people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{dative} \isi{case} marker is =n (\Sg) or =nm (\Nsg). It operates at the clausal level and encodes the semantic role of (\isi{animate}) \isi{recipient} or \isi{goal}. If it is attached to a \isi{place name}, as in example (\ref{ex460}), the people of that place are meant, not the place. The \isi{dative} is categorised as a core \isi{case} because a \isi{dative} marked noun phrase is indexed in the verb, as in the verb form thägathinza in (\ref{ex460}). Unlike in other \ili{Tonda} languages, for example in \ili{Ngkolmpu} (\citealt{Carroll:Ngkolmpu}), the \isi{dative} \isi{case} cannot be used adnominally to mark a \isi{possessor}.
A: word: nafanme	 gloss: TNSG.POSS
B: word: nafanme=ma	 gloss: TNSG.POSS=CHAR
C: word: nafanm	 gloss: TNSG.POSS
D: word: pike=thatha	 gloss: chewing.gum=Simil
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzone daw bä mane \stem{rä}ra safs=en ... nafanm thä\stem{gathi}nza ... ___ kar=nm.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.POSS garden MED which TSG.F:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be safs=LOC ... TNSG.POSS SG:SBJ>STPL:IO:PST:IPFV/leave ... ___ village=DAT.NSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for my garden there in Safs, I left it for them ... for the Safs people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{dative} \isi{case} marker is =n (\Sg) or =nm (\Nsg). It operates at the clausal level and encodes the semantic role of (\isi{animate}) \isi{recipient} or \isi{goal}. If it is attached to a \isi{place name}, as in example (\ref{ex460}), the people of that place are meant, not the place. The \isi{dative} is categorised as a core \isi{case} because a \isi{dative} marked noun phrase is indexed in the verb, as in the verb form thägathinza in (\ref{ex460}). Unlike in other \ili{Tonda} languages, for example in \ili{Ngkolmpu} (\citealt{Carroll:Ngkolmpu}), the \isi{dative} \isi{case} cannot be used adnominally to mark a \isi{possessor}.
A: word: safs=en	 gloss: safs=LOC
B: word: bäne	 gloss: Recog.ABS
C: word: nomai	 gloss: Hab
D: word: safs	 gloss: safs
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzone daw bä mane \stem{rä}ra safs=en ... ___ thä\stem{gathi}nza ... safs kar=nm.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.POSS garden MED which TSG.F:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be safs=LOC ... ___ SG:SBJ>STPL:IO:PST:IPFV/leave ... safs village=DAT.NSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for my garden there in Safs, I left it for them ... for the Safs people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{dative} \isi{case} marker is =n (\Sg) or =nm (\Nsg). It operates at the clausal level and encodes the semantic role of (\isi{animate}) \isi{recipient} or \isi{goal}. If it is attached to a \isi{place name}, as in example (\ref{ex460}), the people of that place are meant, not the place. The \isi{dative} is categorised as a core \isi{case} because a \isi{dative} marked noun phrase is indexed in the verb, as in the verb form thägathinza in (\ref{ex460}). Unlike in other \ili{Tonda} languages, for example in \ili{Ngkolmpu} (\citealt{Carroll:Ngkolmpu}), the \isi{dative} \isi{case} cannot be used adnominally to mark a \isi{possessor}.
A: word: mayawa=medbo	 gloss: mayawa=All.ANIM.NSG
B: word: nafanme=ma	 gloss: TNSG.POSS=CHAR
C: word: nafanme	 gloss: TNSG.POSS
D: word: nafanm	 gloss: TNSG.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzone daw bä mane \stem{rä}ra safs=en ... nafanm thä\stem{gathi}nza ... ___ kar=nm.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.POSS garden MED which TSG.F:SBJ:PST:IPFV/be safs=LOC ... TNSG.POSS SG:SBJ>STPL:IO:PST:IPFV/leave ... ___ village=DAT.NSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for my garden there in Safs, I left it for them ... for the Safs people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{dative} \isi{case} marker is =n (\Sg) or =nm (\Nsg). It operates at the clausal level and encodes the semantic role of (\isi{animate}) \isi{recipient} or \isi{goal}. If it is attached to a \isi{place name}, as in example (\ref{ex460}), the people of that place are meant, not the place. The \isi{dative} is categorised as a core \isi{case} because a \isi{dative} marked noun phrase is indexed in the verb, as in the verb form thägathinza in (\ref{ex460}). Unlike in other \ili{Tonda} languages, for example in \ili{Ngkolmpu} (\citealt{Carroll:Ngkolmpu}), the \isi{dative} \isi{case} cannot be used adnominally to mark a \isi{possessor}.
A: word: etha	 gloss: three
B: word: safs	 gloss: safs
C: word: safs=en	 gloss: safs=LOC
D: word: ausi=f	 gloss: old.woman=ERG.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B