cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 86:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ruga ŋan\stem{kwir}a ___ san\stem{kuk}a bä b=\stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): pig STSG:SBJ:PST:IPFV:VENIT/run ___ TSG.MASC:SBJ:PST:PFV:VENIT/stand MED MED=TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The pig came running, and he stood like this over there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Komnzo has a manner \isi{demonstrative} the morpheme ___ which is best translated as `like this' or `do this way'. In some languages this demonstrative is assigned to the class of verbs, for example in \ili{Boumaa Fijian} and \ili{Dyirbal} (\citealt[72]{Dixon:2003dj}). In other languages it is a \isi{nominal}, for example in \ili{Kayardild} (\citealt[214]{Evans:1995uf}). Nima falls in the latter category. It is a \isi{nominal} which can be marked for a subset of cases (\isi{instrumental}, \isi{characteristic}, \isi{purposive}, \isi{proprietive}, and \isi{privative}). It shares no morpho-syntactic characteristics with verbs, but may either modify a verb (\ref{ex099}) or express a whole event (\ref{ex100}). Example (\ref{ex099}) is from a pig hunting story and the morpheme ___ is accompanied by the appropriate gesture describing how and where the person was standing. In (\ref{ex100}) it expresses the whole following clause (`that I was walking towards them').
A: word: zbo	 gloss: PROX.All
B: word: nima=thatha	 gloss: like.this=Simil
C: word: zan=r=nzo	 gloss: fight=PURP=ONLY
D: word: nima	 gloss: like.this
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 87:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi miyamr thf\stem{rä}rm ___ ... nzä we ane fof kwof\stem{yak}mo nafanmedbo ... we nzä miyamr kwof\stem{rä}rm.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.ABS ignorant STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/be ___ ... FSG.ABS also DEM EMPH FSG:SBJ:PST:DUR:ANDAT/walk ThirdNSG.All ... also FSG.ABS ignorant FSG:SBJ:PST:DUR/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They did not know about this ... (that) I was walking towards them ... and I did not know either.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Komnzo has a manner \isi{demonstrative} the morpheme ___ which is best translated as `like this' or `do this way'. In some languages this demonstrative is assigned to the class of verbs, for example in \ili{Boumaa Fijian} and \ili{Dyirbal} (\citealt[72]{Dixon:2003dj}). In other languages it is a \isi{nominal}, for example in \ili{Kayardild} (\citealt[214]{Evans:1995uf}). Nima falls in the latter category. It is a \isi{nominal} which can be marked for a subset of cases (\isi{instrumental}, \isi{characteristic}, \isi{purposive}, \isi{proprietive}, and \isi{privative}). It shares no morpho-syntactic characteristics with verbs, but may either modify a verb (\ref{ex099}) or express a whole event (\ref{ex100}). Example (\ref{ex099}) is from a pig hunting story and the morpheme ___ is accompanied by the appropriate gesture describing how and where the person was standing. In (\ref{ex100}) it expresses the whole following clause (`that I was walking towards them').
A: word: nima	 gloss: like.this
B: word: awe	 gloss: come
C: word: ane	 gloss: DEM
D: word: nima=thatha	 gloss: like.this=Simil
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 88:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ruga ŋan\stem{kwir}a ___ san\stem{kuk}a bä b=\stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): pig STSG:SBJ:PST:IPFV:VENIT/run ___ TSG.MASC:SBJ:PST:PFV:VENIT/stand MED MED=TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The pig came running, and he stood like this over there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Komnzo has a manner \isi{demonstrative} the morpheme ___ which is best translated as `like this' or `do this way'. In some languages this demonstrative is assigned to the class of verbs, for example in \ili{Boumaa Fijian} and \ili{Dyirbal} (\citealt[72]{Dixon:2003dj}). In other languages it is a \isi{nominal}, for example in \ili{Kayardild} (\citealt[214]{Evans:1995uf}). Nima falls in the latter category. It is a \isi{nominal} which can be marked for a subset of cases (\isi{instrumental}, \isi{characteristic}, \isi{purposive}, \isi{proprietive}, and \isi{privative}). It shares no morpho-syntactic characteristics with verbs, but may either modify a verb (\ref{ex099}) or express a whole event (\ref{ex100}). Example (\ref{ex099}) is from a pig hunting story and the morpheme ___ is accompanied by the appropriate gesture describing how and where the person was standing. In (\ref{ex100}) it expresses the whole following clause (`that I was walking towards them').
A: word: nima	 gloss: like.this
B: word: nima=thatha	 gloss: like.this=Simil
C: word: tauri	 gloss: wallaby
D: word: bäne=me	 gloss: Recog=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 89:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi miyamr thf\stem{rä}rm ___ ... nzä we ane fof kwof\stem{yak}mo nafanmedbo ... we nzä miyamr kwof\stem{rä}rm.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.ABS ignorant STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/be ___ ... FSG.ABS also DEM EMPH FSG:SBJ:PST:DUR:ANDAT/walk ThirdNSG.All ... also FSG.ABS ignorant FSG:SBJ:PST:DUR/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They did not know about this ... (that) I was walking towards them ... and I did not know either.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Komnzo has a manner \isi{demonstrative} the morpheme ___ which is best translated as `like this' or `do this way'. In some languages this demonstrative is assigned to the class of verbs, for example in \ili{Boumaa Fijian} and \ili{Dyirbal} (\citealt[72]{Dixon:2003dj}). In other languages it is a \isi{nominal}, for example in \ili{Kayardild} (\citealt[214]{Evans:1995uf}). Nima falls in the latter category. It is a \isi{nominal} which can be marked for a subset of cases (\isi{instrumental}, \isi{characteristic}, \isi{purposive}, \isi{proprietive}, and \isi{privative}). It shares no morpho-syntactic characteristics with verbs, but may either modify a verb (\ref{ex099}) or express a whole event (\ref{ex100}). Example (\ref{ex099}) is from a pig hunting story and the morpheme ___ is accompanied by the appropriate gesture describing how and where the person was standing. In (\ref{ex100}) it expresses the whole following clause (`that I was walking towards them').
A: word: yr-si=f=nzo	 gloss: weave-NMLZ=ERG=ONLY
B: word: brbr=f	 gloss: spirit=ERG.SG
C: word: nima	 gloss: like.this
D: word: nima=thatha	 gloss: like.this=Simil
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 90:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzä ___ zu\stem{kor}th be fafä zane nagayé fäth zä tha\stem{moneg}wé.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ABS ___ STDU:SBJ>FSG:OBJ:PST:PFV/speak SSG.ERG after.this DEM:PROX children Dim PROX SSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:IMP:IPFV/take.care.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two told me: ``You take care of these small children here!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nima is used for three functions: \isi{deictic} reference (actual or mimicked), anaphora, or introducing \isi{direct speech}. When introducing \isi{direct speech} the morpheme ___ may occur with a speaking verb (\ref{ex102}) or just by itself (\ref{ex097}). In these instances, it is glossed as a \isi{quotative} marker (\its gloss ___). This function is further described in {\S}\ref{directspeechthought}.
A: word: kwa	 gloss: FUT
B: word: ezi=thamar	 gloss: morning=TEMP.PURP
C: word: nima	 gloss: Quot
D: word: nima=thatha	 gloss: like.this=Simil
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 91:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nafa-ŋame=ane zokwasi nafa-ŋafe-ane zokwasi naf mon ze\stem{karis}a ___ fof.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.POSS-mother=POSS.SG language Third.POSS-father=POSS.SG language TSG.ERG how STSG:SBJ:PST:PFV/hear ___ EMPH.
The English translation of this sentence is:`She listened to her mother's words and to her father's words. Just like this!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When marked with the instrumental case =me, nima is often used as an emphatic affirmative, as \ili{English} `Just like this!'. In (\ref{ex101}), the speaker explains how his grandmother grew very old because she followed all the food taboos.
A: word: nima=me	 gloss: like.this=INS
B: word: katan=f	 gloss: small=ERG
C: word: nima=me=nzo	 gloss: like.this=INS=ONLY
D: word: mayawa=nmedbo	 gloss: mayawa=All.ANIM.NSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 92:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nafane nagayé ___ naf. thu-a-moneg-wr-m-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): TSGPOSS children ___ TSG.ERG. STNSG.BETaone-VC.-take.care.EXT-NDU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were her children. She took care of them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Morpho-syntactically, we can define verbs as those lexemes which inflect for \isi{gender}, \isi{person}, \isi{number}, \isi{tense}, \isi{aspect}, \isi{mood}, \isi{valency}, and \isi{directionality}, as can be seen in examples (\ref{ex006}) and (\ref{ex007}). With the exception of \isi{person} and \isi{number}, these are only found in verbs. The glossing of these grammatical categories, however, cannot be done straightforwardly, because a number of them can only be understood after unifying values from different morphological slots. For example, the aspectual value \Pst:\Dur{} in (\ref{ex006}) is encoded simultaneously in the verb stem, the prefix and the durative suffix. Prior to this unification, each morpheme taken by itself is underspecified with respect to any particular grammatical category. The only exceptions are the two \isi{directional} affixes. In this subsection, I will employ a double glossing style as in the chapters on verb morphology (chapters \ref{cha:verb morphology} and \ref{TAMpalooza}). A segmented, itemised glossing line is given first, while a second line shows the unified \isi{gloss} in smaller print. Morphological complexity in verbs is discussed in {\S}\ref{verbprelim}, where the reader also finds a more detailed justification for the double-lined glossing convention.
A: word: thf-rä-rm	 gloss: STNSG.Betatwo-COP.NDU-DUR
B: word: zf-r-n-m-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
C: word: wo-rä-r-m	 gloss: FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR
D: word: twof	 gloss: heat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 93:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi fthé ___ ... mnz kabe fof nima th-ä-zingrthm-a nä tmatm fefe nz=ŋ-a-wä-nzr-∅ mane=ma kabe zä naf. nz=y-a-na-thr-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): THIRD.ABS when ___ ... house people EMPH QUOT STNSG.GAM-VC.NDU-look.around.RS-PST some event real IMMpst=M.ALPH-VC.-break.EXT-NDU-STSG which=CHAR man PROX TSG.ERG. IMMpst=TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-NDU-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`At that time the house owners returned to the village. They looked around and said, ``Something terrible has happened. From which village was the man who she ate here?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Morpho-syntactically, we can define verbs as those lexemes which inflect for \isi{gender}, \isi{person}, \isi{number}, \isi{tense}, \isi{aspect}, \isi{mood}, \isi{valency}, and \isi{directionality}, as can be seen in examples (\ref{ex006}) and (\ref{ex007}). With the exception of \isi{person} and \isi{number}, these are only found in verbs. The glossing of these grammatical categories, however, cannot be done straightforwardly, because a number of them can only be understood after unifying values from different morphological slots. For example, the aspectual value \Pst:\Dur{} in (\ref{ex006}) is encoded simultaneously in the verb stem, the prefix and the durative suffix. Prior to this unification, each morpheme taken by itself is underspecified with respect to any particular grammatical category. The only exceptions are the two \isi{directional} affixes. In this subsection, I will employ a double glossing style as in the chapters on verb morphology (chapters \ref{cha:verb morphology} and \ref{TAMpalooza}). A segmented, itemised glossing line is given first, while a second line shows the unified \isi{gloss} in smaller print. Morphological complexity in verbs is discussed in {\S}\ref{verbprelim}, where the reader also finds a more detailed justification for the double-lined glossing convention.
A: word: ŋ-a-n-ritak-w-a-∅	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-VENIT-pass.EXT-NDU-PST-SG
B: word: t-trik-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
C: word: e-n-thorak-w-a-∅	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VENIT-arrive.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG
D: word: e-a-n-yak-a	 gloss: STNSG.ALPH-VC.-VENIT-walk.EXT.NDU-PST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 94:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi fthé e-n-thorak-w-a-∅ ... mnz kabe fof nima ___ nä tmatm fefe nz=ŋ-a-wä-nzr-∅ mane=ma kabe zä naf. nz=y-a-na-thr-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): THIRD.ABS when STNSG.ALPH-VENIT-arrive.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG ... house people EMPH QUOT ___ some event real IMMpst=M.ALPH-VC.-break.EXT-NDU-STSG which=CHAR man PROX TSG.ERG. IMMpst=TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-NDU-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`At that time the house owners returned to the village. They looked around and said, ``Something terrible has happened. From which village was the man who she ate here?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Morpho-syntactically, we can define verbs as those lexemes which inflect for \isi{gender}, \isi{person}, \isi{number}, \isi{tense}, \isi{aspect}, \isi{mood}, \isi{valency}, and \isi{directionality}, as can be seen in examples (\ref{ex006}) and (\ref{ex007}). With the exception of \isi{person} and \isi{number}, these are only found in verbs. The glossing of these grammatical categories, however, cannot be done straightforwardly, because a number of them can only be understood after unifying values from different morphological slots. For example, the aspectual value \Pst:\Dur{} in (\ref{ex006}) is encoded simultaneously in the verb stem, the prefix and the durative suffix. Prior to this unification, each morpheme taken by itself is underspecified with respect to any particular grammatical category. The only exceptions are the two \isi{directional} affixes. In this subsection, I will employ a double glossing style as in the chapters on verb morphology (chapters \ref{cha:verb morphology} and \ref{TAMpalooza}). A segmented, itemised glossing line is given first, while a second line shows the unified \isi{gloss} in smaller print. Morphological complexity in verbs is discussed in {\S}\ref{verbprelim}, where the reader also finds a more detailed justification for the double-lined glossing convention.
A: word: wor-si=n	 gloss: plant-NMLZ=LOC
B: word: th-ä-zingrthm-a	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.NDU-look.around.RS-PST
C: word: zu-ä-r-a-th	 gloss: FSG.GAM-VC..NDU-give.RS-PST-STNSG
D: word: th-ä-kwr-a-th	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.textbarNDU-hit.RS-PST-STNSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 95:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi fthé e-n-thorak-w-a-∅ ... mnz kabe fof nima th-ä-zingrthm-a nä tmatm fefe ___ mane=ma kabe zä naf. nz=y-a-na-thr-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): THIRD.ABS when STNSG.ALPH-VENIT-arrive.EXT-NDU-PST-STSG ... house people EMPH QUOT STNSG.GAM-VC.NDU-look.around.RS-PST some event real ___ which=CHAR man PROX TSG.ERG. IMMpst=TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-eat.EXT-NDU-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`At that time the house owners returned to the village. They looked around and said, ``Something terrible has happened. From which village was the man who she ate here?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Morpho-syntactically, we can define verbs as those lexemes which inflect for \isi{gender}, \isi{person}, \isi{number}, \isi{tense}, \isi{aspect}, \isi{mood}, \isi{valency}, and \isi{directionality}, as can be seen in examples (\ref{ex006}) and (\ref{ex007}). With the exception of \isi{person} and \isi{number}, these are only found in verbs. The glossing of these grammatical categories, however, cannot be done straightforwardly, because a number of them can only be understood after unifying values from different morphological slots. For example, the aspectual value \Pst:\Dur{} in (\ref{ex006}) is encoded simultaneously in the verb stem, the prefix and the durative suffix. Prior to this unification, each morpheme taken by itself is underspecified with respect to any particular grammatical category. The only exceptions are the two \isi{directional} affixes. In this subsection, I will employ a double glossing style as in the chapters on verb morphology (chapters \ref{cha:verb morphology} and \ref{TAMpalooza}). A segmented, itemised glossing line is given first, while a second line shows the unified \isi{gloss} in smaller print. Morphological complexity in verbs is discussed in {\S}\ref{verbprelim}, where the reader also finds a more detailed justification for the double-lined glossing convention.
A: word: w-zä-nzr-∅	 gloss: TSG.F.ALPH-carry.EXT-NDU-STSG
B: word: n=y-a-m-nzr-m	 gloss: IMMpst=TSG.MASC.ALPH-VC.-sit.EXT-NDU-DUR
C: word: thrma=thamar	 gloss: later=TEMP.PURP
D: word: nz=ŋ-a-wä-nzr-∅	 gloss: IMMpst=M.ALPH-VC.-break.EXT-NDU-STSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 96:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nafane nagayé ___ naf. thu-a-moneg-wr-m-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): TSGPOSS children ___ TSG.ERG. STNSG.BETaone-VC.-take.care.EXT-NDU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were her children. She took care of them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Morpho-syntactically, we can define verbs as those lexemes which inflect for \isi{gender}, \isi{person}, \isi{number}, \isi{tense}, \isi{aspect}, \isi{mood}, \isi{valency}, and \isi{directionality}, as can be seen in examples (\ref{ex006}) and (\ref{ex007}). With the exception of \isi{person} and \isi{number}, these are only found in verbs. The glossing of these grammatical categories, however, cannot be done straightforwardly, because a number of them can only be understood after unifying values from different morphological slots. For example, the aspectual value \Pst:\Dur{} in (\ref{ex006}) is encoded simultaneously in the verb stem, the prefix and the durative suffix. Prior to this unification, each morpheme taken by itself is underspecified with respect to any particular grammatical category. The only exceptions are the two \isi{directional} affixes. In this subsection, I will employ a double glossing style as in the chapters on verb morphology (chapters \ref{cha:verb morphology} and \ref{TAMpalooza}). A segmented, itemised glossing line is given first, while a second line shows the unified \isi{gloss} in smaller print. Morphological complexity in verbs is discussed in {\S}\ref{verbprelim}, where the reader also finds a more detailed justification for the double-lined glossing convention.
A: word: rnzam=é	 gloss: how.many=ERG.NSG
B: word: zf-r-n-m-th	 gloss: TSG.F.Betatwo-do.EXT-DU-DUR-STNSG
C: word: thf-rä-rm	 gloss: STNSG.Betatwo-COP.NDU-DUR
D: word: wo-rä-r-m	 gloss: FSG.ALPH-be-LK-DUR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C