cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fä fof sf-rug-rm ... nima efthar=en zf ... nima. ___ zf.
Gloss (with missing item): DIST EMPH TSG.M.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR ... like.this dry.season=LOC IMM ... like.this. ___ IMM.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He slept over there ... like this in the dry season ... like this in the planting season.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbs are the only lexical items which can take the nominalising suffix (-si). Nominalisations or infinitives are used as a citation form in the dictionary. Frequently, nominalisations were frequently given to me as zokwasi ebar `head words' for an inflected verb form. Nominalisations are non-finite forms without inflectional material. Nominalisations can be treated like underived nouns. They can function as complements of phasal verbs (finish, start, become) (\ref{ex008}) or infinitival adjuncts (\ref{ex009}). Example (\ref{ex008}) is taken from a story in which two birds have a competition on how long each one can hold its breath under water. Thus, fsisi zäbthath can be translated as `the counting finished'. Example (\ref{ex009}) can be translated as `in the planting (season)'.
A: word: bor-si=karä	 gloss: laugh-NMLZ=PROP
B: word: wor-si=n	 gloss: plant-NMLZ=LOC
C: word: fof	 gloss: EMPH
D: word: msak-si=n	 gloss: sit-NMLZ=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fä fof sf-rug-rm ... nima efthar=en zf ... nima. ___ zf.
Gloss (with missing item): DIST EMPH TSG.M.Betatwo-sleep.EXT.NDU-DUR ... like.this dry.season=LOC IMM ... like.this. ___ IMM.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He slept over there ... like this in the dry season ... like this in the planting season.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbs are the only lexical items which can take the nominalising suffix (-si). Nominalisations or infinitives are used as a citation form in the dictionary. Frequently, nominalisations were frequently given to me as zokwasi ebar `head words' for an inflected verb form. Nominalisations are non-finite forms without inflectional material. Nominalisations can be treated like underived nouns. They can function as complements of phasal verbs (finish, start, become) (\ref{ex008}) or infinitival adjuncts (\ref{ex009}). Example (\ref{ex008}) is taken from a story in which two birds have a competition on how long each one can hold its breath under water. Thus, fsisi zäbthath can be translated as `the counting finished'. Example (\ref{ex009}) can be translated as `in the planting (season)'.
A: word: msak-si=n	 gloss: sit-NMLZ=LOC
B: word: bor-si=karä	 gloss: laugh-NMLZ=PROP
C: word: wor-si=n	 gloss: plant-NMLZ=LOC
D: word: kwa	 gloss: FUT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi miyo=mär \stem{yé} wri kabe=aneme. ___ naf k-ra-ri-zr-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.ABS desire=PRIV TSG.MASC.ALPH.COP.NDU drunk man=POSS.NSG. ___ TSG.ERG M.BET-IRR.VC.-hear.EXT-NDU-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He doesn't want to listen to those drunk people's stories.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In other respects, nominalised verbs can be treated like any other \isi{noun}. They can take \isi{case}, for example the \isi{ergative} (\ref{ex012}) or the instrumental in a resultative construction (\ref{ex103}). They can be reduplicated, as in (\ref{ex010}). They can enter into \isi{possessive} constructions either as \isi{possessed} (\ref{ex010}) or as \isi{possessor} (\ref{ex011}).
A: word: t-trik-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
B: word: trika-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
C: word: zane=me	 gloss: DEM:PROX=INS
D: word: trik-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): fi miyo=mär \stem{yé} wri kabe=aneme. ___ naf k-ra-ri-zr-∅.
Gloss (with missing item): Third.ABS desire=PRIV TSG.MASC.ALPH.COP.NDU drunk man=POSS.NSG. ___ TSG.ERG M.BET-IRR.VC.-hear.EXT-NDU-STSG.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He doesn't want to listen to those drunk people's stories.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In other respects, nominalised verbs can be treated like any other \isi{noun}. They can take \isi{case}, for example the \isi{ergative} (\ref{ex012}) or the instrumental in a resultative construction (\ref{ex103}). They can be reduplicated, as in (\ref{ex010}). They can enter into \isi{possessive} constructions either as \isi{possessed} (\ref{ex010}) or as \isi{possessor} (\ref{ex011}).
A: word: t-trik-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
B: word: tüfr=mär	 gloss: plenty=PRIV
C: word: trik-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
D: word: trika-si	 gloss: tell-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 123:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... ___ efoth fthé zf-rä-rm.
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ day when TSG.F.Betatwo-COP.NDU-DUR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`... when it was harvesting season.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In other respects, nominalised verbs can be treated like any other \isi{noun}. They can take \isi{case}, for example the \isi{ergative} (\ref{ex012}) or the instrumental in a resultative construction (\ref{ex103}). They can be reduplicated, as in (\ref{ex010}). They can enter into \isi{possessive} constructions either as \isi{possessed} (\ref{ex010}) or as \isi{possessor} (\ref{ex011}).
A: word: thari-si=ma	 gloss: harvest-NMLZ=CHAR
B: word: thari-si=ane	 gloss: dig-NMLZ=POSS.SG
C: word: thkar=f	 gloss: hardness=ERG
D: word: thari-si	 gloss: dig-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 124:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kata-katan ___ zöbthé thran\stem{gathi}nzth nima kwa komnzo kwa.
Gloss (with missing item): REDUP-small ___ first STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/stop Quot wait only wait.
The English translation of this sentence is:`First, they will stop the small children (from jumping in). They will say: ``Wait! Just wait!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{future} marker the morpheme ___, sometimes just ka, is the only way of expressing the futurity of an event. It occurs with the \isi{non-past} \isi{tense} and the \isi{irrealis} mood (\ref{ex104}), both of which are insufficient for indicating that a particular event will take place in the \isi{future}. The \isi{particle} may occur just by itself, in which case it is an \isi{imperative} that means `wait!' (\ref{ex104}). The \isi{future} \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in {\S}\ref{futurethe morpheme ___}.
A: word: nima	 gloss: Quot
B: word: zokwasi=me=wä	 gloss: speech=INS=EMPH
C: word: kma=m	 gloss: Pot=Appr
D: word: kwa	 gloss: FUT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 125:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kata-katan kwa zöbthé thran\stem{gathi}nzth nima ___ komnzo kwa.
Gloss (with missing item): REDUP-small FUT first STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/stop Quot ___ only wait.
The English translation of this sentence is:`First, they will stop the small children (from jumping in). They will say: ``Wait! Just wait!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{future} marker the morpheme ___, sometimes just ka, is the only way of expressing the futurity of an event. It occurs with the \isi{non-past} \isi{tense} and the \isi{irrealis} mood (\ref{ex104}), both of which are insufficient for indicating that a particular event will take place in the \isi{future}. The \isi{particle} may occur just by itself, in which case it is an \isi{imperative} that means `its gloss ___!' (\ref{ex104}). The \isi{future} \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in {\S}\ref{futurethe morpheme ___}.
A: word: kwa	 gloss: wait
B: word: mane=ma	 gloss: which=CHAR
C: word: zokwasi=me=wä	 gloss: speech=INS=EMPH
D: word: znsä-znsä=r	 gloss: REDUP-work=PURP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 126:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kata-katan ___ zöbthé thran\stem{gathi}nzth nima kwa komnzo kwa.
Gloss (with missing item): REDUP-small ___ first STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/stop Quot wait only wait.
The English translation of this sentence is:`First, they will stop the small children (from jumping in). They will say: ``Wait! Just wait!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{future} marker the morpheme ___, sometimes just ka, is the only way of expressing the futurity of an event. It occurs with the \isi{non-past} \isi{tense} and the \isi{irrealis} mood (\ref{ex104}), both of which are insufficient for indicating that a particular event will take place in the \isi{future}. The \isi{particle} may occur just by itself, in which case it is an \isi{imperative} that means `wait!' (\ref{ex104}). The \isi{future} \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in {\S}\ref{futurethe morpheme ___}.
A: word: kwa	 gloss: FUT
B: word: srak-srak	 gloss: REDUP-boy
C: word: nima	 gloss: Quot
D: word: zokwasi=me=wä	 gloss: speech=INS=EMPH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 127:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kata-katan kwa zöbthé thran\stem{gathi}nzth nima ___ komnzo kwa.
Gloss (with missing item): REDUP-small FUT first STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/stop Quot ___ only wait.
The English translation of this sentence is:`First, they will stop the small children (from jumping in). They will say: ``Wait! Just wait!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{future} marker the morpheme ___, sometimes just ka, is the only way of expressing the futurity of an event. It occurs with the \isi{non-past} \isi{tense} and the \isi{irrealis} mood (\ref{ex104}), both of which are insufficient for indicating that a particular event will take place in the \isi{future}. The \isi{particle} may occur just by itself, in which case it is an \isi{imperative} that means `its gloss ___!' (\ref{ex104}). The \isi{future} \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in {\S}\ref{futurethe morpheme ___}.
A: word: zokwasi=me=wä	 gloss: speech=INS=EMPH
B: word: kwa	 gloss: wait
C: word: nafa-nge	 gloss: Third.POSS-child
D: word: kma=m	 gloss: Pot=Appr
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 128:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): foba yak=karä en\stem{rä}ra oh firra=n ___ thä\stem{kwr}th.
Gloss (with missing item): DIST.ABL walk=PROP STPL:SBJ:PST:IPFV:VENIT/be oh firra=LOC ___ STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/hit.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They came fast from there (and said:) ``Oh, they already killed them in Firra.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{iamitive} marker the morpheme ___ functions as a completive marker. I adopt the term ``iamitive'' from Olsson (\citeyear{Olsson:2013vn}), who has coined it based on Latin iam `already'. I use the gloss label {\Iam}. The iamitive combines with all tense-aspect-mood categories, except for the \isi{imperative}. The TAM system and the distinction between \isi{imperfective} and \isi{perfective} does not focus on completion, rather it draws a distinction between durative versus inceptive/punctual. The \isi{iamitive} \isi{particle} is the only way to indicate completion. It may be used in declarative sentences (\ref{ex130}) or with a rising intonation in polar questions (\ref{ex106}). The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in more detail in {\S}\ref{iamitivethe morpheme ___}.
A: word: zokwasi=me=wä	 gloss: speech=INS=EMPH
B: word: komnzo	 gloss: only
C: word: mayawa=nmedbo	 gloss: mayawa=All.ANIM.NSG
D: word: z	 gloss: IAM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 129:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ sa\stem{fäs}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:IO:Rpst:PFV/present.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did you show him already?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{iamitive} marker the morpheme ___ functions as a completive marker. I adopt the term ``iamitive'' from Olsson (\citeyear{Olsson:2013vn}), who has coined it based on Latin iam `already'. I use the gloss label {\Iam}. The iamitive combines with all tense-aspect-mood categories, except for the \isi{imperative}. The TAM system and the distinction between \isi{imperfective} and \isi{perfective} does not focus on completion, rather it draws a distinction between durative versus inceptive/punctual. The \isi{iamitive} \isi{particle} is the only way to indicate completion. It may be used in declarative sentences (\ref{ex130}) or with a rising intonation in polar questions (\ref{ex106}). The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in more detail in {\S}\ref{iamitivethe morpheme ___}.
A: word: komnzo	 gloss: only
B: word: ngemäku	 gloss: foster.parent
C: word: z	 gloss: IAM
D: word: zagr	 gloss: far
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 130:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nzä tosai-a-ŋame ___ kwrä\stem{kor} kä\stem{thf} nzä nima fefe kwa\stem{m}nzrm kifa sf\stem{r}wrmé.
Gloss (with missing item): FSG.ABS baby-POSS-mother ___ STSG:SBJ>FSG:OBJ:IRR:PFV/speak SSG:SBJ:IMP:PFV/walk FSG.ABS like.this really FSG:SBJ:PST:DUR/sit rattan.wall FSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:PST:DUR/weave.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The baby's mother could have told me ``You go!'' but I was just sitting like this and weaving the rattan wall.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{potential} marker the morpheme ___ occurs with verbs of different \isi{aspect} values. It marks counterfactuality with deontic or epistemic interpretation, for example potentiality of an event (`could' or `could have') or obligation (`should' or `should have'). In example (\ref{ex109}), the speaker blames his wife for not telling him about a bushfire. In example (\ref{ex110}), the speaker describes how he fought a bushfire in his garden. The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in {\S}\ref{potentialthe morpheme ___}.
A: word: kma=m	 gloss: Pot=Appr
B: word: sukawi	 gloss: sukawi
C: word: etha=ma	 gloss: three=CHAR
D: word: kma	 gloss: Pot
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 131:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ wämne ane fof kwa\stem{kark}wé ane fof ... wämne=f mane thä\stem{narf}a ... keke ... watik-thé=märe.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ tree DEM EMPH FSG:SBJ:Rpst:IPFV/pull DEM EMPH ... tree=ERG which STSG:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:PFV/press.down ... NEG ... enough-Adlzr=PRIV.
The English translation of this sentence is:`I should have pulled that tree off ... the one that was pushing down (the fences). No (it was) not enough'.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{potential} marker the morpheme ___ occurs with verbs of different \isi{aspect} values. It marks counterfactuality with deontic or epistemic interpretation, for example potentiality of an event (`could' or `could have') or obligation (`should' or `should have'). In example (\ref{ex109}), the speaker blames his wife for not telling him about a bushfire. In example (\ref{ex110}), the speaker describes how he fought a bushfire in his garden. The \isi{particle} the morpheme ___ is discussed in {\S}\ref{potentialthe morpheme ___}.
A: word: kma=m	 gloss: Pot=Appr
B: word: zagr	 gloss: far
C: word: kma	 gloss: Pot
D: word: 3xane	 gloss: 3x[DEM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 132:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): gatha fam ___ gn\stem{rä}ré mon=wä z fam thä\stem{kuk}e.
Gloss (with missing item): bad thought ___ SSG:SBJ:IMP:IPFV/be how=EMPH IAM thought FPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:Rpst:PFV/erect.
The English translation of this sentence is:`You must not think bad about how we made up our minds.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With verbs in \isi{imperative} or \isi{irrealis} mood, kma frequently occurs together with the \isi{clitic} m, which is discussed in more detail ({\S}\ref{verbal-proclitics-subsec}). This combination of clitic, \isi{particle} and verb inflection expresses a prohibitive. In this case, the \isi{clitic} m may encliticise to kma. In fact, the resulting word kmam can stand as an utterance by itself meaning: `Don't!' or `Don't do it!'. In (\ref{ex111}) one such example is given, which comes from a public speech during a dance. For further discussion, the reader is referred to {\S}\ref{verbal-proclitics-subsec} and {\S}\ref{apprehensivem}.
A: word: kma=m	 gloss: Pot=Appr
B: word: gathagatha=me=nzo	 gloss: bad=INS=ONLY
C: word: kma	 gloss: Pot
D: word: nima=me	 gloss: like.this=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 133:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tüfr kabe ___ thf\stem{rä}rm.
Gloss (with missing item): plenty people ___ STPL:SBJ:PST:DUR/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were not many people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{negator} the morpheme ___ occurs in preverbal position (\ref{ex319}). In rapid speech it is sometimes shortened to ke. There is a second \isi{negator} kyo (\ref{ex365}), which is mostly used by older speakers. Both negators can stand alone in an exclamation or as the answer to a \isi{question}. Example (\ref{ex319}) comes from a story about the speaker's father's generation. Example (\ref{ex365}) is taken from a conversation about food taboos.
A: word: ŋarake=r	 gloss: fence=PURP
B: word: banban=en	 gloss: underneath=LOC
C: word: naf	 gloss: TSG.ERG
D: word: keke	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D