cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ sre\stem{thkäf} kwa ŋa\stem{brig}wr efoth b=\stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV/start FUT STSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/return sun MED=TSG.MASC:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`She started sweet-talking him: ``Will you go back? The sun is already setting!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Coverb + \isi{light verb} constructions of this kind have been described for a number of Australian languages. For example, in \ili{Jaminjung} (\citealt{SchultzeBerndt:2000wk}) or \ili{Bilinarra} (\citealt{Meakins:ul}) we find a division of labour in complex predicates whereby a distinct \isi{word class} of coverbs contributes most of the meaning of an event while a \isi{light verb} carries most of the inflectional material. In Komnzo, there are a few property nouns which seem to be more event-oriented in their semantics. However, there is insufficient morphological or distributional evidence for setting up a distinct \isi{word class} of coverbs. In addition to the coverb function in example (\ref{ex041}), property nouns can be used as secondary predicates. An example is provided in the use of wri `intoxication' in (\ref{ex042}), where an angry man is tranquilised by giving him kava to drink.
A: word: aya	 gloss: oh
B: word: garamgaram	 gloss: sweet.talk
C: word: ezi=thamar	 gloss: morning=TEMP.PURP
D: word: arammba	 gloss: arammba
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): krär=me srä\stem{rirf}th ___ kwosi sf\stem{thn}m.
Gloss (with missing item): kava=INS STPL:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:IRR:PFV/kill ___ dead TSGMASC:SBJ:PST:DUR/lie.down.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They put him down with kava. Then he was lying down dead drunk.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Coverb + \isi{light verb} constructions of this kind have been described for a number of Australian languages. For example, in \ili{Jaminjung} (\citealt{SchultzeBerndt:2000wk}) or \ili{Bilinarra} (\citealt{Meakins:ul}) we find a division of labour in complex predicates whereby a distinct \isi{word class} of coverbs contributes most of the meaning of an event while a \isi{light verb} carries most of the inflectional material. In Komnzo, there are a few property nouns which seem to be more event-oriented in their semantics. However, there is insufficient morphological or distributional evidence for setting up a distinct \isi{word class} of coverbs. In addition to the coverb function in example (\ref{ex041}), property nouns can be used as secondary predicates. An example is provided in the use of the morpheme ___ `intoxication' in (\ref{ex042}), where an angry man is tranquilised by giving him kava to drink.
A: word: t-trika-si	 gloss: REDUP-tell-NMLZ
B: word: wri	 gloss: intoxicated
C: word: afa=f	 gloss: father=ERG.SG
D: word: garamgaram	 gloss: sweet.talk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ e\stem{rfik}wr nima fefe fof y\stem{rfik}wr.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/grow like.this really EMPH TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/grow.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They grow closely together. This one really grows like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Property nouns marked with the \isi{instrumental} \isi{case} have an adverbial function. In example (\ref{ex033}), the \isi{property noun} ktkt `narrow' is the single argument of the intransitive verb. In the text, a group of headhunters prepare to attack a hamlet. The sentence is accompanied by a gesture which resembles the movement of the arms as if embracing a person. Here ktkt is does not function as a secondary predicate and it would be incorrect to translate it as `They became narrow'. Note that the verb indexes \Stsg{} and not \Stnsg{}. Hence, a more literal translation is adequate `narrowness became/happened' or with a dummy \isi{subject} `it became narrow'. In example (\ref{ex034}), the same \isi{property noun} ktkt takes the instrumental \isi{case} and functions adverbially. Here the speaker explains how the plant grnzari (Chantium sp) grows.
A: word: zane=mr	 gloss: DEM:PROX=PURP
B: word: kt-kt=me	 gloss: REDUP-group=INS
C: word: katan=me	 gloss: small=INS
D: word: ktkt=me	 gloss: narrow=INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wati kofä fthé \stem{brig}-si=r n krä\stem{r} ___ kwa yn\stem{brig}wr zbo.
Gloss (with missing item): then fish when return-NMLZ=PURP IMN STSG:SBJ:IRR:PFV/do ___ FUT STSG:SBJ>TSG.MASC:OBJ:NONPAST:IPFV:VENIT/return PROX.All.
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the fish tries to get out, the small (basket) will bring them back here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adjectives may serve as the host for any \isi{case} enclitic if they occur in the rightmost position of the noun phrase. This occurs if (i) the \isi{head} of noun phrase has been omitted as in (\ref{ex048}) or (ii) if an \isi{adjective} has been postposed, as in (\ref{ex049}). See {\S}\ref{headslot} for further discussion of headedness and \isi{ellipsis}. Example (\ref{ex505}) shows an \isi{adjective} preceding the \isi{head} of the \isi{noun phrase}. We see from these examples, combined with the argument of \isi{ellipsis}, that adjectives cannot function as the \isi{head} of a phrase. This is supported by the observation that it is the \isi{head} of a phrase which triggers agreement in the verb prefix and not the \isi{adjective}.
A: word: katan=me	 gloss: small=INS
B: word: maf	 gloss: who.ERG
C: word: katan=f	 gloss: small=ERG
D: word: katan=r	 gloss: small=PURP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bobomr=wä arufe kra\stem{thfä}nzr ... ___ kar=fo.
Gloss (with missing item): until=EMPH arufe STSG:SBJ:IRR:IPFV/fly ... ___ village=All.
The English translation of this sentence is:`He flies all the way to Arufe ... to a distant village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adjectives may serve as the host for any \isi{case} enclitic if they occur in the rightmost position of the noun phrase. This occurs if (i) the \isi{head} of noun phrase has been omitted as in (\ref{ex048}) or (ii) if an \isi{adjective} has been postposed, as in (\ref{ex049}). See {\S}\ref{headslot} for further discussion of headedness and \isi{ellipsis}. Example (\ref{ex505}) shows an \isi{adjective} preceding the \isi{head} of the \isi{noun phrase}. We see from these examples, combined with the argument of \isi{ellipsis}, that adjectives cannot function as the \isi{head} of a phrase. This is supported by the observation that it is the \isi{head} of a phrase which triggers agreement in the verb prefix and not the \isi{adjective}.
A: word: zagr	 gloss: far
B: word: zagr=wä	 gloss: far=EMPH
C: word: thf-rä-rm	 gloss: STNSG.Betatwo-COP.NDU-DUR
D: word: ŋ-a-n-ritak-w-a-∅	 gloss: M.ALPH-VC.-VENIT-pass.EXT-NDU-PST-SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaboth=ma tayafe ___ n\stem{yak} kaboth=ma.
Gloss (with missing item): snake=CHAR tayafe ___ SSG:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/walk snake=CHAR.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Tayafe, you walk in a bad way! (Watch out) for snakes!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As with property nouns, adjectives with an \isi{instrumental} \isi{case} can function adverbially. In (\ref{ex050}), the \isi{adjective} gathagatha `bad' modifies the verb. In the example, a mother is scolding her daughter because she walks carelessly through the long grass. In (\ref{ex043}), the adjective katan `small' modifies the predicate `be rotten'. In this procedural text, the speaker demonstrates how to roll a little whistle from a coconut leaf. However, the first attempt to blow the whistle fails because the coconut leaf was not fresh.
A: word: gathagatha	 gloss: bad
B: word: gathagatha=me=nzo	 gloss: bad=INS=ONLY
C: word: frü=me=nzo	 gloss: single=INS=ONLY
D: word: näbi-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: one-DISTR=INS=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): keke kwot ya\stem{nor} zane ___ kwosi \stem{yé}.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG properly TSG.MASC:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/shout DEM:PROX ___ dead TSG.MASC:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`It doesn't whistle properly. This one is a little rotten.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As with property nouns, adjectives with an \isi{instrumental} \isi{case} can function adverbially. In (\ref{ex050}), the \isi{adjective} gathagatha `bad' modifies the verb. In the example, a mother is scolding her daughter because she walks carelessly through the long grass. In (\ref{ex043}), the adjective katan `small' modifies the predicate `be rotten'. In this procedural text, the speaker demonstrates how to roll a little whistle from a coconut leaf. However, the first attempt to blow the whistle fails because the coconut leaf was not fresh.
A: word: katan=r	 gloss: small=PURP
B: word: katan=me	 gloss: small=INS
C: word: ktkt=me	 gloss: narrow=INS
D: word: kabe	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kofä ___ fthé krän\stem{mther}th watik zzar=ä kwot thren\stem{thfär} ... nä tot=karä.
Gloss (with missing item): fish ___ when STPL:SBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/come.up then net=ASSOC properly STPL:SBJ:IRR:PFV:VENIT/jump ... other spear=PROP.
The English translation of this sentence is:`When all the fish come up, then they jump in with the nets ... others with spears.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers may precede or follow the noun which they modify. That being said, it is much more common for a \isi{quantifier} to follow the \isi{noun}, as in (\ref{ex090}) and (\ref{ex077}). Instances of a preceding \isi{quantifier} are not attested in the corpus, but only verified through elicitation. But see (\ref{ex081}) below and footnote \ref{foot1} for a possible example.
A: word: nzüthamöwä	 gloss: times
B: word: bramöwä	 gloss: all
C: word: fobo	 gloss: DIST.All
D: word: katan=f	 gloss: small=ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kafar-kafar n\stem{rä} ... komnzo etha=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ REDUP-big FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... only few=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We are not many old people ... just a few.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers may precede or follow the noun which they modify. That being said, it is much more common for a \isi{quantifier} to follow the \isi{noun}, as in (\ref{ex090}) and (\ref{ex077}). Instances of a preceding \isi{quantifier} are not attested in the corpus, but only verified through elicitation. But see (\ref{ex081}) below and footnote \ref{foot1} for a possible example.
A: word: th-ä-zingrthm-a	 gloss: STNSG.GAM-VC.NDU-look.around.RS-PST
B: word: tüfr=mär	 gloss: plenty=PRIV
C: word: watik-thé=mär	 gloss: enough-Adlzr=PRIV
D: word: tüfr=märe	 gloss: plenty=PRIV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): we kwot we ___ ... we nä wawa thf\stem{rä}rmth katan o kafar.
Gloss (with missing item): also properly also ___ ... also INDF yam STPL:SBJ>STPL:OBJ:PST:DUR/do small or big.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Again, they took them out (of the garden plot) one by one ... small or big ones.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers may take the \isi{distributive} suffix (-kak) which can be translated as `each' to \ili{English}. For semantic reasons, neither matak `nothing' nor bramöwä `all' take this suffix. Two examples of the \isi{distributive} suffix are given in (\ref{ex742}) and (\ref{ex078}). In the first example, the speaker describes a ritual for starting the harvesting season, during which `each person' brings a tuber for cooking and tasting the first yams. In the second example, the speaker shows me her catch of the day: a lizard, several fish and a turtle. Thus, she emphasises that she caught plenty of different food.
A: word: f-frü-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: REDUP-single-DISTR=INS=ONLY
B: word: näbi-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: one-DISTR=INS=ONLY
C: word: näbi-kak=me	 gloss: one-DISTR=INS
D: word: yona-si	 gloss: drink-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): watik, faso ___ e\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): then, meat ___ STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`Okay, there is plenty of different meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers may take the \isi{distributive} suffix (-kak) which can be translated as `each' to \ili{English}. For semantic reasons, neither matak `nothing' nor bramöwä `all' take this suffix. Two examples of the \isi{distributive} suffix are given in (\ref{ex742}) and (\ref{ex078}). In the first example, the speaker describes a ritual for starting the harvesting season, during which `each person' brings a tuber for cooking and tasting the first yams. In the second example, the speaker shows me her catch of the day: a lizard, several fish and a turtle. Thus, she emphasises that she caught plenty of different food.
A: word: räkumg-si=ma	 gloss: attract-NMLZ=CHAR
B: word: tüfr-kak	 gloss: plenty-DISTR
C: word: tüfr	 gloss: plenty
D: word: kma=m	 gloss: Pot=Appr
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kabe ane ___ tnäg-si ze\stem{thkäf}ath.
Gloss (with missing item): man DEM ___ lose-NMLZ STPL:SBJ:PST:IPFV/start.
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people began to scatter.' (lit. `They began losing themselves alone.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers may take an instrumental \isi{case} (=me) in order to derive adverbs, as is shown in example (\ref{ex079}).
A: word: näbi-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: one-DISTR=INS=ONLY
B: word: fr=me=nzo	 gloss: line=INS=ONLY
C: word: frü=me=nzo	 gloss: single=INS=ONLY
D: word: gathagatha=me=nzo	 gloss: bad=INS=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zawe ___ e\stem{rä}.
Gloss (with missing item): preference ___ STPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be.
The English translation of this sentence is:`They each have their preferences.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{distributive} and the instrumental may also be suffixed to the same \isi{quantifier}. In this case, their order is fixed: the instrumental follows the \isi{distributive}, as shown in example (\ref{ex080}). The example also shows that, like other \isi{nominal}s, quantifiers can be reduplicated to indicate plurality. Here, the speaker talks about types of bows and how different men use these according to their abilities and preferences.
A: word: frü-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: alone-DISTR=INS=ONLY
B: word: zane	 gloss: DEM:PROX
C: word: f-frü-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: REDUP-single-DISTR=INS=ONLY
D: word: näbi-kak=me=nzo	 gloss: one-DISTR=INS=ONLY
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kafar-kafar n\stem{rä} ... komnzo etha=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ REDUP-big FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... only few=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We are not many old people ... just a few.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex081}) shows etha meaning `few'. Note that the word etha can also mean `three', which I describe in {\S}\ref{numerals-subsec}.
A: word: tüfr=märe	 gloss: plenty=PRIV
B: word: thkar=f	 gloss: hardness=ERG
C: word: watik-thé=mär	 gloss: enough-Adlzr=PRIV
D: word: tüfr=mär	 gloss: plenty=PRIV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Komnzo. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kafar-kafar n\stem{rä} ... komnzo etha=nzo.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ REDUP-big FPL:SBJ:NONPAST:IPFV/be ... only few=ONLY.
The English translation of this sentence is:`We are not many old people ... just a few.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note in passing that in (\ref{ex081})\footnote{\label{foot1}In example (\ref{ex081}) we can see that tüfr `plenty' precedes the reduplicated adjective kafarkafar `big'. The example is interpreted to have an elided noun kabe `man' as its head, thus kafarkafar means `the big ones'. This then constitutes a corpus example of a quantifier preceding its head.} the \isi{quantifier} tüfr `plenty' is negated by using the \isi{privative} case =mär. This is also possible with etha.
A: word: watik-thé=mär	 gloss: enough-Adlzr=PRIV
B: word: bäne=fo	 gloss: Recog=All
C: word: tüfr=märe	 gloss: plenty=PRIV
D: word: tüfr=mär	 gloss: plenty=PRIV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D