cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [enem beladar-pas] ___ buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to
Gloss (with missing item): woman Netherlands-woman ___ betel=OBJ bring descend 1DU.IN=BEN good right
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?' (Context: subject is given but not recently mentioned.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Me can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses with a verbal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___trans}, \ref{exe:the morpheme ___pron} and~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___stat}), nominal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___nom}), \is{quantifier clause}quantifier (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___quant}) or locative (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___loc}) predicate, but is not obligatory in any of these contexts.
A: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
B: word: tebolsuban	 gloss: fish_at_reef_edge
C: word: tomi=ba	 gloss: Tomi=FOC
D: word: me	 gloss: TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar [Tanggor] ___ mambon
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL Tanggor=LAT=NFIN go.PL.IMP Tanggor ___ EXIST
The English translation of this sentence is:`You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are [fish].' (Context: Tanggor is given, in this very example.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Me can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses with a verbal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___trans}, \ref{exe:the morpheme ___pron} and~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___stat}), nominal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___nom}), \is{quantifier clause}quantifier (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___quant}) or locative (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___loc}) predicate, but is not obligatory in any of these contexts.
A: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
B: word: amdir-un=ko	 gloss: garden-3POSS=LOC
C: word: kasur	 gloss: tomorrow
D: word: me	 gloss: TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [pas me] ___ mungkin berupa jim
Gloss (with missing item): woman DIST ___ maybe be_a_form_of jinn
The English translation of this sentence is:`That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.' (Context: description of a video. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her identity.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Me can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses with a verbal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___trans}, \ref{exe:the morpheme ___pron} and~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___stat}), nominal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___nom}), \is{quantifier clause}quantifier (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___quant}) or locative (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___loc}) predicate, but is not obligatory in any of these contexts.
A: word: samur-et	 gloss: Mbaham-person
B: word: kon=bon=a	 gloss: one=COM=FOC
C: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
D: word: me	 gloss: ME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [wa] ___ eir eh
Gloss (with missing item): PROX ___ two TAG
The English translation of this sentence is:`These are two, right?' (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing at strips of material in the teacher's hand.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Me can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses with a verbal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___trans}, \ref{exe:the morpheme ___pron} and~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___stat}), nominal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___nom}), \is{quantifier clause}quantifier (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___quant}) or locative (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___loc}) predicate, but is not obligatory in any of these contexts.
A: word: kasur	 gloss: tomorrow
B: word: jam	 gloss: o'clock
C: word: me	 gloss: TOP
D: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [tumtum eir] ___ kewe-un=ko
Gloss (with missing item): children two ___ house-3POSS=LOC
The English translation of this sentence is:`Two children are in their house.' (Context: frog story. Children have been mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Me can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses with a verbal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___trans}, \ref{exe:the morpheme ___pron} and~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___stat}), nominal (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___nom}), \is{quantifier clause}quantifier (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___quant}) or locative (see \ref{exe:the morpheme ___loc}) predicate, but is not obligatory in any of these contexts.
A: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
B: word: sap=ki=a	 gloss: stick=INS=FOC
C: word: kulpanggat=bon	 gloss: triggerfish=COM
D: word: me	 gloss: ME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [Arifin=bon Mei=bon] ___ nat=nin
Gloss (with missing item): Arifin=COM Mei=COM ___ consum=NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Arifin and Mei don't eat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The topic marker follows postpositions, as in~(\ref{exe:finbon}) and~(\ref{exe:kothe morpheme ___neko}). Topicalised objects lack object postposition =at (example~\ref{exe:bobmun}). The topic marker is typically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It can also topicalise a tithe morpheme ___ adverbial (example~\ref{exe:ambun}). Another way to mark topics, which may be combined with topic marker the morpheme ___, is fronting of the topicalised constituent (§\ref{sec:leftd}).
A: word: tomi=ba	 gloss: Tomi=FOC
B: word: et=at	 gloss: canoe=OBJ
C: word: me	 gloss: TOP
D: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [watko] ___ lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko
Gloss (with missing item): PROX.LOC ___ island-child sea=LOC TOP inside
The English translation of this sentence is:`Here, the small island inside the sea.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The topic marker follows postpositions, as in~(\ref{exe:finbon}) and~(\ref{exe:kothe morpheme ___neko}). Topicalised objects lack object postposition =at (example~\ref{exe:bobmun}). The topic marker is typically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It can also topicalise a tithe morpheme ___ adverbial (example~\ref{exe:ambun}). Another way to mark topics, which may be combined with topic marker the morpheme ___, is fronting of the topicalised constituent (§\ref{sec:leftd}).
A: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
B: word: me	 gloss: TOP
C: word: sap=ki=a	 gloss: stick=INS=FOC
D: word: tengguen=i	 gloss: gather=PLNK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kier Luis=bon ___ me bo sor-sanggara
Gloss (with missing item): 2DU Luis=COM ___ TOP go fish-search
The English translation of this sentence is:`(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The topic marker follows postpositions, as in~(\ref{exe:finbon}) and~(\ref{exe:komeneko}). Topicalised objects lack object postposition =at (example~\ref{exe:bobmun}). The topic marker is typically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It can also topicalise a time adverbial (example~\ref{exe:ambun}). Another way to mark topics, which may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the topicalised constituent (§\ref{sec:leftd}).
A: word: diri-an=at	 gloss: self-1SG.POSS=OBJ
B: word: kon=bon=a	 gloss: one=COM=FOC
C: word: kasur=et	 gloss: tomorrow=IRR
D: word: kasur	 gloss: tomorrow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kier Luis=bon [kasur] ___ bo sor-sanggara
Gloss (with missing item): 2DU Luis=COM tomorrow ___ go fish-search
The English translation of this sentence is:`(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The topic marker follows postpositions, as in~(\ref{exe:finbon}) and~(\ref{exe:kothe morpheme ___neko}). Topicalised objects lack object postposition =at (example~\ref{exe:bobmun}). The topic marker is typically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It can also topicalise a tithe morpheme ___ adverbial (example~\ref{exe:ambun}). Another way to mark topics, which may be combined with topic marker the morpheme ___, is fronting of the topicalised constituent (§\ref{sec:leftd}).
A: word: tantayon=ko	 gloss: left=LOC
B: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
C: word: me	 gloss: TOP
D: word: kon=bon=a	 gloss: one=COM=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [sikan kon] ___ in=at tiri pareir
Gloss (with missing item): cat one ___ 1PL.EXCL=OBJ run follow
The English translation of this sentence is:`A cat ran after us.' (Context: a story about going to someone's house, first mention of the cat.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: More seldomly, new participants are introduced with the morpheme ___. This is limited to unimportant participants. In~(\ref{exe:sikank}), the cat is introduced; it is not the morpheme ___ntioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to create a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type in~(\ref{exe:wathe morpheme ___ta}), where properties of referents are described out of context, the morpheme ___ is also used, often combined with a demonstrative.
A: word: sap=ki=a	 gloss: stick=INS=FOC
B: word: narari=te	 gloss: slice=IMP
C: word: me	 gloss: TOP
D: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [ror wa] ___ tabusik
Gloss (with missing item): tree PROX ___ short
The English translation of this sentence is:`This tree is short.' (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of Malay pohon ini pendek `this tree is short'.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: More seldomly, new participants are introduced with the morpheme ___. This is limited to unimportant participants. In~(\ref{exe:sikank}), the cat is introduced; it is not the morpheme ___ntioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to create a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type in~(\ref{exe:wathe morpheme ___ta}), where properties of referents are described out of context, the morpheme ___ is also used, often combined with a demonstrative.
A: word: kadok-ca=at=a	 gloss: cloth-2SG.POSS=OBJ=FOC
B: word: yuwa=ba	 gloss: PROX=FOC
C: word: me	 gloss: TOP
D: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [an] ___ [don] me ka an ∅=nin
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ thing TOP 2SG 1SG give=NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for me, and as for that thing, you didn't give [it] to me.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a few instances, the morpheme ___ marks two referents in the sathe morpheme ___ clause. In~(\ref{exe:anthe morpheme ___d}), the second instance of the morpheme ___ could alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still be topicalised because it is fronted), but in~(\ref{exe:lekop}) the analysis seems untlikely to fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun. Analysing the morpheme ___ as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not appear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been the morpheme ___ntioned in the text).
A: word: me	 gloss: TOP
B: word: dan=i	 gloss: bury=PLNK
C: word: yuwa=ba	 gloss: PROX=FOC
D: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [an] me [don] ___ ka an ∅=nin
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG TOP thing ___ 2SG 1SG give=NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for me, and as for that thing, you didn't give [it] to me.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a few instances, the morpheme ___ marks two referents in the sathe morpheme ___ clause. In~(\ref{exe:anthe morpheme ___d}), the second instance of the morpheme ___ could alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still be topicalised because it is fronted), but in~(\ref{exe:lekop}) the analysis seems untlikely to fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun. Analysing the morpheme ___ as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not appear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been the morpheme ___ntioned in the text).
A: word: ukir=te	 gloss: measure=IMP
B: word: me	 gloss: TOP
C: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
D: word: tamatko=a	 gloss: where=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [lek opa] ___ [afokat opa] me kona
Gloss (with missing item): goat {\glopa} ___ avocado {\glopa} TOP see
The English translation of this sentence is:`That goat sees those avocados.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a few instances, the morpheme ___ marks two referents in the sathe morpheme ___ clause. In~(\ref{exe:anthe morpheme ___d}), the second instance of the morpheme ___ could alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still be topicalised because it is fronted), but in~(\ref{exe:lekop}) the analysis seems untlikely to fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun. Analysing the morpheme ___ as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not appear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been the morpheme ___ntioned in the text).
A: word: napaki=kin	 gloss: use=VOL
B: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
C: word: yuwa=ba	 gloss: PROX=FOC
D: word: me	 gloss: TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [lek opa] me [afokat opa] ___ kona
Gloss (with missing item): goat {\glopa} TOP avocado {\glopa} ___ see
The English translation of this sentence is:`That goat sees those avocados.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a few instances, the morpheme ___ marks two referents in the sathe morpheme ___ clause. In~(\ref{exe:anthe morpheme ___d}), the second instance of the morpheme ___ could alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still be topicalised because it is fronted), but in~(\ref{exe:lekop}) the analysis seems untlikely to fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun. Analysing the morpheme ___ as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not appear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been the morpheme ___ntioned in the text).
A: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
B: word: me	 gloss: TOP
C: word: paruak=i	 gloss: throw_away=PLNK
D: word: tamatko=a	 gloss: where=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [siada eir=et] ___ ma se taraouk
Gloss (with missing item): kind_of_fish two=IRR ___ 3SG IAM store
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for those two siadas, he had already stored [them].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The combination of irrealis =et followed by the morpheme ___ is also seen in pre-posed topic constructions as in~(\ref{exe:eiretthe morpheme ___}). This is an unusual way to present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et.
A: word: konat=nin	 gloss: see=NEG
B: word: me	 gloss: TOP
C: word: melelu	 gloss: sit
D: word: tomi=ba	 gloss: Tomi=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kiem-an yuwa=at kuet
Gloss (with missing item): ___ basket-1SG.POSS PROX=OBJ bring
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who took my basket?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or PP.\is{postpositional phrase} Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused. See~(\ref{exe:namana}) and~(\ref{exe:tamatkoa}).
A: word: tamatko=a	 gloss: where=FOC
B: word: naman=a	 gloss: who=FOC
C: word: kon=bon=a	 gloss: one=COM=FOC
D: word: mu-raman=a	 gloss: 3PL-six=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu ___ kajie
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ pick
The English translation of this sentence is:`Where did they pick [chestnuts]?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or PP.\is{postpositional phrase} Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused. See~(\ref{exe:namana}) and~(\ref{exe:tamatkoa}).
A: word: tamatko=a	 gloss: where=FOC
B: word: tamatko=et	 gloss: where=IRR
C: word: tamandi=a	 gloss: how=FOC
D: word: tama=ba-kadok	 gloss: where=FOC-side
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A