cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jaga ___ tur=et eh dalang=i kolko=rar
Gloss (with missing item): watch_out ___ fall=IRR INT jump=PLNK move_out=IMP.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Watch out or you'll fall, jump away [from the dock].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the previous examples, the apprehensive morpheme =re is attached to the noun that refers to the danger. In intransitive clauses, the danger is the addressee themselves, because they are behaving irresponsibly. In~(\ref{exe:kire}), the speaker utters an imaginary warning to kids jumping from the dock. If they do not jump far enough away from a dock, they might hit sharp rocks.
A: word: masarat=kin	 gloss: move_landwards={\glkin}
B: word: ki=re	 gloss: 2PL=APPR
C: word: karek=ki=a	 gloss: string=INS=FOC
D: word: ma=re	 gloss: 3SG=APPR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pas opa me dudan-mur-un ___ mat panok∼panok
Gloss (with missing item): woman {\glopa} TOP cousin-KIN.PL-3POSS ___ 3SG.OBJ order∼RED
The English translation of this sentence is:`That woman, her cousins already ordered him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Kalamang has one aspectual particle, the morpheme ___ `already', and one aspectual word, tok `still; yet; first'. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph he, which is usually uthe morpheme ___d after vowels (the morpheme ___e §\ref{the morpheme ___c:len}). This is not a watertight rule: one does find the morpheme ___ after vowels and (less commonly) he after consonants. This suggests that the morpheme ___/he is developing into a clitic (which attaches to the subject NP). Becauthe morpheme ___ the form the morpheme ___ or he is not completely predictable from the phonological context, I give both variants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss the morpheme ___ `already' as \textsc{iam} for iamitive, which are ``more or less grammaticalithe morpheme ___d markers that have functions shared by `already' and the perfect\is{perfect}'' \parencite[][4]{olsson2013}. (\ref{exe:the morpheme ___1}) and~(\ref{exe:tokstill}) illustrate the syntactic position of the morpheme ___ and tok, respectively.
A: word: sem=ten=at	 gloss: afraid-ADJ=OBJ
B: word: tok	 gloss: first
C: word: se	 gloss: IAM
D: word: di=saran	 gloss: CAUS=ascend
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sayang-un ___ kalom{\textless}lom{\textgreater}un
Gloss (with missing item): nutmeg-3POSS ___ young{\textless}RED{\textgreater}
The English translation of this sentence is:`Their nutmeg is still young.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Kalamang has one aspectual particle, se `already', and one aspectual word, the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___; yet; first'. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph he, which is usually used after vowels (see §\ref{sec:len}). This is not a watertight rule: one does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after consonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic (which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not completely predictable from the phonological context, I give both variants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se `already' as \textsc{iam} for iamitive, which are ``more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by `already' and the perfect\is{perfect}'' \parencite[][4]{olsson2013}. (\ref{exe:se1}) and~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___its gloss ___}) illustrate the syntactic position of se and the morpheme ___, respectively.
A: word: tok∼tok=ta	 gloss: still∼RED=NFIN
B: word: dowi-pe	 gloss: seed-1PL.POSS
C: word: tok	 gloss: still
D: word: suka-un	 gloss: want-3POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sayang-un ___ kalom{\textless}lom{\textgreater}un
Gloss (with missing item): nutmeg-3POSS ___ young{\textless}RED{\textgreater}
The English translation of this sentence is:`Their nutmeg is still young.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Tok can have one of three meanings. The meaning `its gloss ___' is illustrated in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___its gloss ___}) above. The meaning `first' is demonstrated in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___first}). When the morpheme ___ is combined with a negated verb, it is translated as `yet'. Expressions with the meaning `not yet' are also known as nondums \parencite{vdauwera1998,veselinova2015}. %cf German erst, schon-ernst-noch paper 1989
A: word: konan=sawe	 gloss: see=too
B: word: tok∼tok=ta	 gloss: still∼RED=NFIN
C: word: tok	 gloss: still
D: word: marmar=teba=te	 gloss: walk={\glteba}=SG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ ecien=i kewe=ko
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ return=PLNK house=LOC
The English translation of this sentence is:`First he went home.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Tok can have one of three meanings. The meaning `still' is illustrated in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___still}) above. The meaning `its gloss ___' is demonstrated in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___its gloss ___}). When the morpheme ___ is combined with a negated verb, it is translated as `yet'. Expressions with the meaning `not yet' are also known as nondums \parencite{vdauwera1998,veselinova2015}. %cf German erst, schon-ernst-noch paper 1989
A: word: tok	 gloss: first
B: word: kon	 gloss: one
C: word: tok∼tok=ta	 gloss: still∼RED=NFIN
D: word: dumuni	 gloss: MANNER
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): go se ginggir lampur ___ yuol
Gloss (with missing item): condition IAM late_afternoon lamp ___ shine
The English translation of this sentence is:`It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Thethe morpheme ___ (cultural) expectations are also expresthe morpheme ___d through the morpheme ___ for more everyday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker in~(\ref{exe:lampurthe morpheme ___}), lights are automatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using the morpheme ___ with yuol `shine', the speaker expresthe morpheme ___s that an expected situation has occurred.
A: word: sayang=o	 gloss: nutmeg=COND
B: word: sem=ten=at	 gloss: afraid-ADJ=OBJ
C: word: se	 gloss: IAM
D: word: kahen=tun	 gloss: long=too
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an bo lembaga nerun tumun-an ___ bo temun
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG go cell inside child-1SG.POSS ___ go big
The English translation of this sentence is:`I went into prison, my child has grown up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The iamitive can also be uthe morpheme ___d for changes of state, as in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___botemun}), where a child has grown up in the courthe morpheme ___ of the story.
A: word: ter-nan=i	 gloss: tea-consume=PLNK
B: word: metko=te	 gloss: DIST.LOC=IMP
C: word: sem=ten=at	 gloss: afraid-ADJ=OBJ
D: word: se	 gloss: IAM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): toni eh ma se me ___ koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin
Gloss (with missing item): say hey 3PL IAM DIST ___ finish tomorrow=IRR then nail={\glkin}
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] said: ``Hey, that's it, [we're] finished, tomorrow we'll nail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, iamitive the morpheme ___ occurs in a fixed expression with koyet `to be finished' to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire story. (\ref{exe:pakuin}) narrates the building of a houthe morpheme ___. Se koyet is uthe morpheme ___d to indicate that a day's work is finished. (\ref{exe:maraouk}) is the last utterance in a story about a feast. The last events are listed (the the morpheme ___rving and consuming of tea and food), and then the story is clothe morpheme ___d off with the morpheme ___ koyet `the end'.
A: word: pakut=et	 gloss: nail=IRR
B: word: sem=ten=at	 gloss: afraid-ADJ=OBJ
C: word: se	 gloss: IAM
D: word: kai-rep=teba	 gloss: firewood-get={\glteba}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): toni eh ma se me se ___ kasur=et eba paku=kin
Gloss (with missing item): say hey 3PL IAM DIST IAM ___ tomorrow=IRR then nail={\glkin}
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] said: ``Hey, that's it, [we're] finished, tomorrow we'll nail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with the morpheme ___ `to be its gloss ___ed' to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire story. (\ref{exe:pakuin}) narrates the building of a house. Se the morpheme ___ is used to indicate that a day's work is its gloss ___ed. (\ref{exe:maraouk}) is the last utterance in a story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and consuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se the morpheme ___ `the end'.
A: word: saor=kin=et	 gloss: anchor={\glkin}=IRR
B: word: koyet	 gloss: finish
C: word: kawarman	 gloss: fold
D: word: koyet=nin	 gloss: finish=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu ter=at maraouk muaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet ___ koyet
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL tea=OBJ serve food=OBJ serve 1PL.EXCL tea-consume=PLNK finish eat=PLNK finish ___ finish
The English translation of this sentence is:`They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea, finished eating, the end.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, iamitive the morpheme ___ occurs in a fixed expression with koyet `to be finished' to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire story. (\ref{exe:pakuin}) narrates the building of a houthe morpheme ___. Se koyet is uthe morpheme ___d to indicate that a day's work is finished. (\ref{exe:maraouk}) is the last utterance in a story about a feast. The last events are listed (the the morpheme ___rving and consuming of tea and food), and then the story is clothe morpheme ___d off with the morpheme ___ koyet `the end'.
A: word: se	 gloss: IAM
B: word: sem=ten=at	 gloss: afraid-ADJ=OBJ
C: word: tebol=kin	 gloss: reef_edge=POSS
D: word: im=o	 gloss: banana=COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu ter=at maraouk muaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL tea=OBJ serve food=OBJ serve 1PL.EXCL tea-consume=PLNK finish eat=PLNK finish IAM ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea, finished eating, the end.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with the morpheme ___ `to be its gloss ___ed' to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire story. (\ref{exe:pakuin}) narrates the building of a house. Se the morpheme ___ is used to indicate that a day's work is its gloss ___ed. (\ref{exe:maraouk}) is the last utterance in a story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and consuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se the morpheme ___ `the end'.
A: word: koyet=nin	 gloss: finish=NEG
B: word: sara=r	 gloss: ascend=PL.IMP
C: word: koyet	 gloss: finish
D: word: kereta-un	 gloss: cart-3POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pi taruot=et pi ___ sampi=nin
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL speak=IRR 1PL.INCL ___ arrive=NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`We are talking, we haven't finished yet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently negative verbs (§\ref{sec:lexicalneg}), but change in meaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation\is{negation}. The aspectual word the morpheme ___ `still; its gloss ___; first' can be combined with a negated predicate to form the meaning `not its gloss ___', as illustrated in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___ki}) (see also~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___sampi}).
A: word: tok∼tok=ta	 gloss: still∼RED=NFIN
B: word: halangan-rep=sawe	 gloss: trouble-get=too
C: word: tok	 gloss: yet
D: word: bol-un=ko	 gloss: mouth-3POSS=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pi taruot=et pi tok ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL speak=IRR 1PL.INCL yet ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We are talking, we haven't finished yet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently negative verbs (§\ref{sec:lexicalneg}), but change in meaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation\is{negation}. The aspectual word tok `still; yet; first' can be combined with a negated predicate to form the meaning `not yet', as illustrated in~(\ref{exe:tokki}) (see also~\ref{exe:toksampi}).
A: word: sampi	 gloss: until
B: word: mia=nin	 gloss: come=NEG
C: word: baran=taet	 gloss: descend=more
D: word: sampi=nin	 gloss: arrive=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma tok ___ nat]=nin]
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG yet ___ consume=NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He hasn't eaten much yet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates. Consider (\ref{exe:redai}), where negator =nin has scope over reidak `much' and na `eat', and tok has scope over both. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with respect to the NP and the predicate, see §\ref{sec:nmodqnt}. %This could be an argument for treating those ``object numerals'' that are outside the NP as part of the Predicate or as argument for a VP, but see nmodqnt.
A: word: ikon-i	 gloss: some-OBJQNT
B: word: saun	 gloss: night
C: word: reidak	 gloss: many
D: word: reidak-i	 gloss: much-OBJQNT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma tok [[reidak-i ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG yet much-OBJQNT ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He hasn't eaten much yet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates. Consider (\ref{exe:redai}), where negator =nin has scope over reidak `much' and na `eat', and tok has scope over both. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with respect to the NP and the predicate, see §\ref{sec:nmodqnt}. %This could be an argument for treating those ``object numerals'' that are outside the NP as part of the Predicate or as argument for a VP, but see nmodqnt.
A: word: parua=ta	 gloss: pluck=NFIN
B: word: marmar=teba=te	 gloss: walk={\glteba}=SG.IMP
C: word: nat=nin	 gloss: consume=NEG
D: word: konat=nin	 gloss: see=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): in bo Esa Tanggiun ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL go Esa Tanggiun ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We went collecting firewood at Esa Tanggiun.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The clitic =teba, which attaches to the predicate, expresses progressive or continuous aspect, indicating that an action is incomplete or in progress. Two examples are given in~(\ref{exe:garungdeba}) and~(\ref{exe:repteba}).
A: word: per=kap=teba	 gloss: water=SIM=\glteba
B: word: pakut=et	 gloss: nail=IRR
C: word: kai-rep=teba	 gloss: firewood-collect={\glteba}
D: word: im=o	 gloss: banana=COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bal se koraru se kuet=te ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog IAM bite IAM bring={\glte} ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The dog has bitten [the fish], has brought [it] and wants to eat [it].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The clitic can be in two different positions in the clause: it can attach directly to the predicate, and then it may be followed by, for example, irrealis =et (as in~\ref{exe:kanas} above) or imperative =te (example~\ref{exe:tebare2}); it can also come in position 8 (Table~\ref{tab:modifiersall}), where it follows volitional =kin or negator =nin (examples~\ref{exe:kindeba} and~\ref{exe:nindebaa}).
A: word: ketemu=nin=teba	 gloss: meet.MLY=NEG={\glteba}
B: word: war=kin	 gloss: fish={\glkin}
C: word: nat=kin=teba	 gloss: consume={\glkin}={\glteba}
D: word: ariemun	 gloss: Friday
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C