cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): et=at ___ me isetengamati
Gloss (with missing item): canoe=OBJ ___ TOP big_effort
The English translation of this sentence is:`[Before], if you wanted to anchor your boat, it was very difficult.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \is{conditional}Conditional clauses also make use of irrealis =et on the predicate expressing the condition. They are treated in §\ref{sec:condclause}. Note that volitional =kin, treated in §\ref{sec:kin}, combines with irrealis =et if it is used in its conditional sense, as in~(\ref{exe:saor}). The volitional marker always precedes the irrealis marker.
A: word: sisir=et	 gloss: comb=IRR
B: word: raor=kin=at	 gloss: middle=POSS=OBJ
C: word: saor=kin=et	 gloss: anchor={\glkin}=IRR
D: word: konan=sawe	 gloss: see=too
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): et=at ___ me isetengamati
Gloss (with missing item): canoe=OBJ ___ TOP big_effort
The English translation of this sentence is:`[Before], if you wanted to anchor your boat, it was very difficult.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (An example of volitional =kin and irrealis =et can be found in~(\ref{exe:saor}) in §\ref{sec:et}.)
A: word: sisir=et	 gloss: comb=IRR
B: word: barei	 gloss: descend.IMP
C: word: raor=kin=at	 gloss: middle=POSS=OBJ
D: word: saor=kin=et	 gloss: anchor={\glkin}=IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu se taruo toni mena Botak kiun=at kuru ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL IAM say say later Botak wife.3POSS=OBJ bring ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They already said that soon Botak will bring his wife.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \is{predicate!complex}complex predicates, volitional =kin comes on the last constituent of the predicate and has scope over the entire action or event, such as the construction kuru masara `bring towards land' in~(\ref{exe:botak}).
A: word: masarat=nin=et	 gloss: move_landwards=NEG=IRR
B: word: mara	 gloss: move_landwards
C: word: masarat=kin	 gloss: move_landwards={\glkin}
D: word: ki=re	 gloss: 2PL=APPR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nene mei eba ___
Gloss (with missing item): grandmother come.IMP then ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Grandmother come and look!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Imperative mood, used for commands, is formed by adding =te (singular, though occasionally used for plural) or =tar (plural\is{plural!verbal}) to the predicate. The subject may be elided. (\ref{exe:meieba}) shows the singular imperative cliticised to the verb kome `look', and~(\ref{exe:metkore}) shows it cliticised to the locative demonstrative metko `there', which functions as the predicate in that clause. Of the locative predicates that are marked with the imperative, it only occurs on those locative predicates that express movement towards a goal, not on locatives that express static \is{location}location (§\ref{sec:loc}). The plural imperative\is{person marking}\is{indexing|see{person marking}} is illustrated in~(\ref{exe:borar}). Imperative =te follows aspectual marker =teba, as in~(\ref{exe:tebare}).
A: word: metko=te	 gloss: DIST.LOC=IMP
B: word: ∅=te	 gloss: GIVE=IMP
C: word: kome=ta	 gloss: see=NFIN
D: word: kome=te	 gloss: look=IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu toni ka ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG say 2SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They said: ``You go there!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Imperative mood, used for commands, is formed by adding =te (singular, though occasionally used for plural) or =tar (plural\is{plural!verbal}) to the predicate. The subject may be elided. (\ref{exe:meieba}) shows the singular imperative cliticised to the verb kome `look', and~(\ref{exe:metkore}) shows it cliticised to the locative demonstrative metko `there', which functions as the predicate in that clause. Of the locative predicates that are marked with the imperative, it only occurs on those locative predicates that express movement towards a goal, not on locatives that express static \is{location}location (§\ref{sec:loc}). The plural imperative\is{person marking}\is{indexing|see{person marking}} is illustrated in~(\ref{exe:borar}). Imperative =te follows aspectual marker =teba, as in~(\ref{exe:tebare}).
A: word: harus	 gloss: must
B: word: metko	 gloss: DIST.LOC
C: word: metko=te	 gloss: DIST.LOC=IMP
D: word: metko=ta	 gloss: DIST.LOC=NFIN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ka ___ ka-mun sara=in
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___ 2SG-PROH ascend=PROH
The English translation of this sentence is:`You just walk, don't you get up [your bike]!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Imperative mood, used for commands, is formed by adding =te (singular, though occasionally used for plural) or =tar (plural\is{plural!verbal}) to the predicate. The subject may be elided. (\ref{exe:meieba}) shows the singular imperative cliticised to the verb kome `look', and~(\ref{exe:metkore}) shows it cliticised to the locative demonstrative metko `there', which functions as the predicate in that clause. Of the locative predicates that are marked with the imperative, it only occurs on those locative predicates that express movement towards a goal, not on locatives that express static \is{location}location (§\ref{sec:loc}). The plural imperative\is{person marking}\is{indexing|see{person marking}} is illustrated in~(\ref{exe:borar}). Imperative =te follows aspectual marker =teba, as in~(\ref{exe:tebare}).
A: word: marmar=teba=te	 gloss: walk={\glteba}=SG.IMP
B: word: ki=re	 gloss: 2PL=APPR
C: word: nawas=te	 gloss: carry={\glte}
D: word: naluar=teba	 gloss: slacken=\glteba
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mena ka nasuat=i ___
Gloss (with missing item): then 2SG tuck=PLNK ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then you tuck down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Directional verbs (which end in -a) and transitive verbs ending in -ma, described in §\ref{sec:dir} and~§\ref{sec:macie}, have imperative forms where final -a is replaced with \mbox{-ei}. For example, bara `go down' has the imperative form the morpheme ___ (example~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___}) and potma has the imperative form potmei (example~\ref{exe:potmei}). These are also both examples of \is{predicate!complex}complex predicates, which show that the imperative is marked on the second verb, and has scope over the whole construction. An exception is the imperative of mia, which becomes not miei but mei, as in~(\ref{exe:meieba}) above.
A: word: kome=te	 gloss: look=IMP
B: word: barei	 gloss: descend.IMP
C: word: bara	 gloss: descend
D: word: pareir	 gloss: follow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ka neba=at era ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG PH=OBJ ascend ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`You go up and cut a whatsitsname!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Directional verbs (which end in -a) and transitive verbs ending in -ma, described in §\ref{sec:dir} and~§\ref{sec:macie}, have imperative forms where final -a is replaced with \mbox{-ei}. For example, bara `go down' has the imperative form barei (example~\ref{exe:barei}) and potma has the imperative form the morpheme ___ (example~\ref{exe:the morpheme ___}). These are also both examples of \is{predicate!complex}complex predicates, which show that the imperative is marked on the second verb, and has scope over the whole construction. An exception is the imperative of mia, which becomes not miei but mei, as in~(\ref{exe:meieba}) above.
A: word: potma	 gloss: cut
B: word: potmei	 gloss: cut.IMP
C: word: masarat=kin	 gloss: move_landwards={\glkin}
D: word: kawotman	 gloss: cut
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nene mei eba ___
Gloss (with missing item): grandmother come.IMP then ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Grandmother come and look!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Directional verbs (which end in -a) and transitive verbs ending in -ma, described in §\ref{sec:dir} and~§\ref{sec:macie}, have imperative forms where final -a is replaced with \mbox{-ei}. For example, bara `go down' has the imperative form barei (example~\ref{exe:barei}) and potma has the imperative form potmei (example~\ref{exe:potmei}). These are also both examples of \is{predicate!complex}complex predicates, which show that the imperative is marked on the second verb, and has scope over the whole construction. An exception is the imperative of mia, which becomes not miei but mei, as in~(\ref{exe:meieba}) above.
A: word: ∅=te	 gloss: GIVE=IMP
B: word: kome=ta	 gloss: see=NFIN
C: word: kome=te	 gloss: look=IMP
D: word: ∅=nin	 gloss: give=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): muap se kalar ___ o
Gloss (with missing item): food IAM ready ___ EMPH
The English translation of this sentence is:`The food is ready, come up!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The plural imperative form of all -n/-t verbs is likely =r. At this point there is evidence from directional verbs like sara `go up', illustrated in~(\ref{exe:sarar}), and other -n/-t verbs such as na `consume' and gocie `to stay', illustrated in~(\ref{exe:nar}) and~(\ref{exe:gocier}), respectively.
A: word: an=taet	 gloss: 1SG=again
B: word: erei	 gloss: ascend.IMP
C: word: sara=in	 gloss: ascend=PROH
D: word: sara=r	 gloss: ascend=PL.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): coba ki wat yuwat ___
Gloss (with missing item): try 2PL coconut PROX.OBJ ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`You guys try eat this coconut!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The plural imperative form of all -n/-t verbs is likely =r. At this point there is evidence from directional verbs like sara `go up', illustrated in~(\ref{exe:sarar}), and other -n/-t verbs such as na `consume' and gocie `to stay', illustrated in~(\ref{exe:nar}) and~(\ref{exe:gocier}), respectively.
A: word: reon	 gloss: maybe
B: word: na=r	 gloss: consume=PL.IMP
C: word: komana=et	 gloss: skewer=IRR
D: word: nan=ere	 gloss: consume=COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kier tumtum karuok=bon ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2DU children four=COM ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`You two and the four children stay!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The plural imperative form of all -n/-t verbs is likely =r. At this point there is evidence from directional verbs like sara `go up', illustrated in~(\ref{exe:sarar}), and other -n/-t verbs such as na `consume' and gocie `to stay', illustrated in~(\ref{exe:nar}) and~(\ref{exe:gocier}), respectively.
A: word: bo=tar	 gloss: go=PL.IMP
B: word: ecien=i	 gloss: return=PLNK
C: word: gocie=r	 gloss: stay=PL.IMP
D: word: kome=te	 gloss: look=IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ se reidak-i ewa=in
Gloss (with missing item): ___ IAM much-OBJQNT speak=PROH
The English translation of this sentence is:`Don't you speak much anymore!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Prohibitive mood is expressed with a dedicated construction involving suffix \mbox{-mun} on the pronominal subject and clitic =in on the predicate. (\ref{exe:ewain2}) shows a clause in prohibitive mood with =in on a verbal predicate, and (\ref{exe:koineh}) shows =in on a locative predicate. There is no distinct plural form of the prohibitive. The combination of -mun and negator =nin is ungrammatical.\footnote{Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the use of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only occurs on pronouns).}
A: word: kahen=tun	 gloss: long=too
B: word: ketemu=nin=teba	 gloss: meet.MLY=NEG={\glteba}
C: word: ma-mun	 gloss: 3SG-PROH
D: word: ka-mun	 gloss: 1SG-PROH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ka-mun se reidak-i ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-PROH IAM much-OBJQNT ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Don't you speak much anymore!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Prohibitive mood is expressed with a dedicated construction involving suffix \mbox{-mun} on the pronominal subject and clitic =in on the predicate. (\ref{exe:ewain2}) shows a clause in prohibitive mood with =in on a verbal predicate, and (\ref{exe:koineh}) shows =in on a locative predicate. There is no distinct plural form of the prohibitive. The combination of -mun and negator =nin is ungrammatical.\footnote{Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the use of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only occurs on pronouns).}
A: word: ewa∼wa=in	 gloss: speak∼PROG=PROH
B: word: saun	 gloss: night
C: word: ewa=te	 gloss: speak=IMP
D: word: ewa=in	 gloss: speak=PROH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an toni sor-kang me ___ gareor=i pasier=ko=in eh
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG say fish-bone TOP ___ dump=PLNK sea=LOC=PROH TAG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I said those fish bones, don't you guys dump [them] in the sea!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Prohibitive mood is expressed with a dedicated construction involving suffix \mbox{-mun} on the pronominal subject and clitic =in on the predicate. (\ref{exe:ewain2}) shows a clause in prohibitive mood with =in on a verbal predicate, and (\ref{exe:koineh}) shows =in on a locative predicate. There is no distinct plural form of the prohibitive. The combination of -mun and negator =nin is ungrammatical.\footnote{Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the use of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only occurs on pronouns).}
A: word: ki-mun	 gloss: 2PL-PROH
B: word: pi-mun	 gloss: 1PL.INCL-PROH
C: word: koi	 gloss: again
D: word: mu-mun	 gloss: 3PL-PROH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an toni sor-kang me ki-mun gareor=i ___ eh
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG say fish-bone TOP 2PL-PROH dump=PLNK ___ TAG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I said those fish bones, don't you guys dump [them] in the sea!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Prohibitive mood is expressed with a dedicated construction involving suffix \mbox{-mun} on the pronominal subject and clitic =in on the predicate. (\ref{exe:ewain2}) shows a clause in prohibitive mood with =in on a verbal predicate, and (\ref{exe:koineh}) shows =in on a locative predicate. There is no distinct plural form of the prohibitive. The combination of -mun and negator =nin is ungrammatical.\footnote{Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the use of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only occurs on pronouns).}
A: word: sanggaran=taet	 gloss: search=again
B: word: pasier=ko	 gloss: sea=LOC
C: word: pasier=ko=in	 gloss: sea=LOC=PROH
D: word: wilak=ko	 gloss: sea=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ka-mun sara=in
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG-PROH ascend=PROH
The English translation of this sentence is:`Father, don't (you) go up!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As illustrated in~(\ref{exe:sareinn}), -mun cannot be suffixed to nouns. When using someone's title or name, the pronoun with -mun follows the noun in such a vocative\is{vocative} example, as exemplified in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___proh2}).
A: word: esun	 gloss: father.3POSS
B: word: esa	 gloss: father
C: word: marmar=teba=te	 gloss: walk={\glteba}=SG.IMP
D: word: pesawat	 gloss: plane
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B