cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jie ___
Gloss (with missing item): get ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Go get!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All elements in complex predicates, being part of the same clause, have the same mood\is{mood}, aspect\is{aspect} and polarity\is{polarity}, which is only marked on the last verb. In other words, there can only be one instance of the same mood, aspect or modality marking per clause. An example of shared mood with the plural imperative is given in~(\ref{exe:jieborar}), contrasted with a biclausal example in~(\ref{exe:jierarku}). An example with a complex predicate with predicate linker =i is given in~(\ref{exe:cimei}).
A: word: rar	 gloss: go.PL.IMP
B: word: bo=te	 gloss: go={\glte}
C: word: ne=ko	 gloss: inside=LOC
D: word: bo=tar	 gloss: go=PL.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kuet=tar
Gloss (with missing item): ___ bring=PL.IMP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Get and bring!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All elements in complex predicates, being part of the same clause, have the same mood\is{mood}, aspect\is{aspect} and polarity\is{polarity}, which is only marked on the last verb. In other words, there can only be one instance of the same mood, aspect or modality marking per clause. An example of shared mood with the plural imperative is given in~(\ref{exe:jieborar}), contrasted with a biclausal example in~(\ref{exe:jierarku}). An example with a complex predicate with predicate linker =i is given in~(\ref{exe:cimei}).
A: word: jie=ta	 gloss: get=NFIN
B: word: jie=tar	 gloss: get=PL.IMP
C: word: laut=ko	 gloss: sea=LOC
D: word: kuet=tar	 gloss: bring=PL.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jie=tar ___
Gloss (with missing item): get=PL.IMP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Get and bring!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All elements in complex predicates, being part of the same clause, have the same mood\is{mood}, aspect\is{aspect} and polarity\is{polarity}, which is only marked on the last verb. In other words, there can only be one instance of the same mood, aspect or modality marking per clause. An example of shared mood with the plural imperative is given in~(\ref{exe:jieborar}), contrasted with a biclausal example in~(\ref{exe:jierarku}). An example with a complex predicate with predicate linker =i is given in~(\ref{exe:cimei}).
A: word: kuet=te	 gloss: bring={\glte}
B: word: kuet=tar	 gloss: bring=PL.IMP
C: word: jie=tar	 gloss: get=PL.IMP
D: word: campur	 gloss: mix
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): melelu wele yuwa=at ___
Gloss (with missing item): sit vegetables PROX=OBJ ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Sit and slice these vegetables!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also in non-contiguous predicates, mood, aspect and negation\is{negation} can only be expressed once. The \is{imperative}imperative marker in~(\ref{exe:yuatnar}) has scope over the entire predicate.
A: word: narari=te	 gloss: slice=IMP
B: word: menyanyi=te	 gloss: sing=IMP
C: word: samsik	 gloss: thin
D: word: potmei	 gloss: cut.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): emumur ___ garung∼garung=teba
Gloss (with missing item): woman.PL ___ chat∼PROG={\glteba}
The English translation of this sentence is:`The women are standing and [they] are chatting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Shared aspect is illustrated here with progressive =teba. (\ref{exe:mggt}) is a complex predicate; (\ref{exe:mtggt}) contains two clauses with two predicates.
A: word: mambara	 gloss: stand
B: word: watko	 gloss: PROX.LOC
C: word: mambara=teba	 gloss: stand={\glteba}
D: word: mambaran	 gloss: stand
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): emumur mambara=teba ___
Gloss (with missing item): woman.PL stand={\glteba} ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The women are standing and [they] are chatting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Shared aspect is illustrated here with progressive =teba. (\ref{exe:mggt}) is a complex predicate; (\ref{exe:mtggt}) contains two clauses with two predicates.
A: word: garung=et	 gloss: chat=IRR
B: word: garung∼garung=teba	 gloss: chat∼PROG={\glteba}
C: word: yal∼yal=te	 gloss: paddle∼PROG={\glte}
D: word: bo=tar	 gloss: go=PL.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kalau mat ___ masarat=nin=et me pi barat=nin
Gloss (with missing item): if 3SG.OBJ ___ move_landwards=NEG=IRR TOP 1PL.INCL descend=NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`If [they] don't bring him towards land, we don't go down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \hspace*{-5pt}Finally, consider an example of a negated predicate, where the negator is marked on the second verb masara `move towards land' in~(\ref{exe:the morpheme ___maratnin}).
A: word: binkur	 gloss: Binkur
B: word: ecien=i	 gloss: return=PLNK
C: word: luk	 gloss: come
D: word: kuru	 gloss: bring
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kalau mat kuru ___ me pi barat=nin
Gloss (with missing item): if 3SG.OBJ bring ___ TOP 1PL.INCL descend=NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`If [they] don't bring him towards land, we don't go down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \hspace*{-5pt}Finally, consider an example of a negated predicate, where the negator is marked on the second verb masara `move towards land' in~(\ref{exe:kurumaratnin}).
A: word: mara	 gloss: move_landwards
B: word: narari=te	 gloss: slice=IMP
C: word: masarat=nin=et	 gloss: move_landwards=NEG=IRR
D: word: sarat=nin	 gloss: ascend=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kai tok ___
Gloss (with missing item): firewood yet ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The firewood isn't finished yet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Completive aspect, discussed in greater detail in~§\ref{sec:compl}, is made with help of the verb koyet `to be finished'. This is an independent verb, as illustrated in~(\ref{exe:kaitok}).
A: word: mambara=teba	 gloss: stand={\glteba}
B: word: koyet=nin	 gloss: finish=NEG
C: word: ramiet=nin	 gloss: pull=NEG
D: word: koyet	 gloss: finish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ewun=at ___ koyet koi tim-un=at potma
Gloss (with missing item): stem=OBJ ___ finish then tip-3POSS=OBJ cut
The English translation of this sentence is:`After cutting the stem, [I] cut its tips.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Completive aspect is expressed with the construction Verb=i koyet, where =i is attached to a matrix verb of any kind. At the same time as being a complex predicate, this construction sequentially links the state, event or action in the first clause (which has to be completed) to a state, event or action in the next clause (which was started after completion of the first). Multiple monoclausal Verb=i koyet constructions may be strung together in this way. There are no restrictions on the first verb in the predicate. Both verbs in the predicate share the same arguments. (\ref{exe:ewunat}) shows the construction with a transitive verb in a narrative about making a canoe from a tree trunk. (\ref{exe:yoriko}) is taken from the end of that narrative, and shows the construction on an intransitive verb. Although it is uncommon, even the verb koyet `to be finished' may be used as the matrix verb in this construction, as in~(\ref{exe:koyeri}).
A: word: kawotman	 gloss: cut
B: word: paruak	 gloss: drop
C: word: potman=i	 gloss: cut=PLNK
D: word: worman=i	 gloss: cut_down=PLNK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ewun=at potman=i ___ koi tim-un=at potma
Gloss (with missing item): stem=OBJ cut=PLNK ___ then tip-3POSS=OBJ cut
The English translation of this sentence is:`After cutting the stem, [I] cut its tips.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Completive aspect is expressed with the construction Verb=i the morpheme ___, where =i is attached to a matrix verb of any kind. At the same time as being a complex predicate, this construction sequentially links the state, event or action in the first clause (which has to be completed) to a state, event or action in the next clause (which was started after completion of the first). Multiple monoclausal Verb=i the morpheme ___ constructions may be strung together in this way. There are no restrictions on the first verb in the predicate. Both verbs in the predicate share the same arguments. (\ref{exe:ewunat}) shows the construction with a transitive verb in a narrative about making a canoe from a tree trunk. (\ref{exe:yoriko}) is taken from the end of that narrative, and shows the construction on an intransitive verb. Although it is uncommon, even the verb the morpheme ___ `to be its gloss ___ed' may be used as the matrix verb in this construction, as in~(\ref{exe:koyeri}).
A: word: ramien=i	 gloss: pull=PLNK
B: word: koyet=nin	 gloss: finish=NEG
C: word: koyet	 gloss: finish
D: word: sanang=et	 gloss: happy=IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ koyet kawarman
Gloss (with missing item): ___ finish fold
The English translation of this sentence is:`After finishing, fold.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Completive aspect is expressed with the construction Verb=i koyet, where =i is attached to a matrix verb of any kind. At the same time as being a complex predicate, this construction sequentially links the state, event or action in the first clause (which has to be completed) to a state, event or action in the next clause (which was started after completion of the first). Multiple monoclausal Verb=i koyet constructions may be strung together in this way. There are no restrictions on the first verb in the predicate. Both verbs in the predicate share the same arguments. (\ref{exe:ewunat}) shows the construction with a transitive verb in a narrative about making a canoe from a tree trunk. (\ref{exe:yoriko}) is taken from the end of that narrative, and shows the construction on an intransitive verb. Although it is uncommon, even the verb koyet `to be finished' may be used as the matrix verb in this construction, as in~(\ref{exe:koyeri}).
A: word: koyet=nin	 gloss: finish=NEG
B: word: ecien=i	 gloss: return=PLNK
C: word: marua	 gloss: move_seawards
D: word: koyet=i	 gloss: finish=PLNK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): koyet=i ___ kawarman
Gloss (with missing item): finish=PLNK ___ fold
The English translation of this sentence is:`After finishing, fold.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Completive aspect is expressed with the construction Verb=i the morpheme ___, where =i is attached to a matrix verb of any kind. At the same time as being a complex predicate, this construction sequentially links the state, event or action in the first clause (which has to be completed) to a state, event or action in the next clause (which was started after completion of the first). Multiple monoclausal Verb=i the morpheme ___ constructions may be strung together in this way. There are no restrictions on the first verb in the predicate. Both verbs in the predicate share the same arguments. (\ref{exe:ewunat}) shows the construction with a transitive verb in a narrative about making a canoe from a tree trunk. (\ref{exe:yoriko}) is taken from the end of that narrative, and shows the construction on an intransitive verb. Although it is uncommon, even the verb the morpheme ___ `to be its gloss ___ed' may be used as the matrix verb in this construction, as in~(\ref{exe:koyeri}).
A: word: baranggap=i	 gloss: yellow=PLNK
B: word: marua	 gloss: move_seawards
C: word: koyet=nin	 gloss: finish=NEG
D: word: koyet	 gloss: finish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tena-un=at ___ manyor=i koyet [...]
Gloss (with missing item): keel-3POSS=OBJ ___ adjust=PLNK finish {\ob}...{\cb}
The English translation of this sentence is:`After chopping the keel straight, {\ob}...{\cb}.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible, though not often employed, to make aspectual serialisation with two verbs before koyet `to be finished', as in~(\ref{exe:tena}). There is not enough data to determine the relationship between the two verbs marked with =i.
A: word: tawaran=i	 gloss: chop=PLNK
B: word: potman=i	 gloss: cut=PLNK
C: word: dakdak=i	 gloss: chop=PLNK
D: word: di=saran=i	 gloss: CAUS=ascend=PLNK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tena-un=at tawaran=i ___ koyet [...]
Gloss (with missing item): keel-3POSS=OBJ chop=PLNK ___ finish {\ob}...{\cb}
The English translation of this sentence is:`After chopping the keel straight, {\ob}...{\cb}.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible, though not often employed, to make aspectual serialisation with two verbs before koyet `to be finished', as in~(\ref{exe:tena}). There is not enough data to determine the relationship between the two verbs marked with =i.
A: word: konenen=i	 gloss: remember=PLNK
B: word: manyor=i	 gloss: adjust=PLNK
C: word: reidak	 gloss: many
D: word: kanyot=at	 gloss: giant_clam=OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tena-un=at tawaran=i manyor=i ___ [...]
Gloss (with missing item): keel-3POSS=OBJ chop=PLNK adjust=PLNK ___ {\ob}...{\cb}
The English translation of this sentence is:`After chopping the keel straight, {\ob}...{\cb}.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible, though not often employed, to make aspectual serialisation with two verbs before the morpheme ___ `to be its gloss ___ed', as in~(\ref{exe:tena}). There is not enough data to determine the relationship between the two verbs marked with =i.
A: word: yal∼yal=te	 gloss: paddle∼PROG={\glte}
B: word: sara	 gloss: ascend
C: word: koyet	 gloss: finish
D: word: koyet=nin	 gloss: finish=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): setela ma yie=te an=a mat ___ parei∼pareir
Gloss (with missing item): after 3SG swim={\glte} 1SG=FOC 3SG.OBJ ___ DISTR∼follow
The English translation of this sentence is:`After he [started] swimming I followed him paddling.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:tumkar}) illustrates a manner and directional verb, (\ref{exe:yalipa}) illustrates a manner and other motion verb, and~(\ref{exe:domanis}) shows the verb dorma `to pull out' with a directional verb.
A: word: masara	 gloss: move_landwards
B: word: yal∼yal=te	 gloss: paddle∼PROG={\glte}
C: word: yal=i	 gloss: paddle=PLNK
D: word: pue=i	 gloss: hit=PLNK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): setela ma yie=te an=a mat yal=i ___
Gloss (with missing item): after 3SG swim={\glte} 1SG=FOC 3SG.OBJ paddle=PLNK ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`After he [started] swimming I followed him paddling.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:tumkar}) illustrates a manner and directional verb, (\ref{exe:yalipa}) illustrates a manner and other motion verb, and~(\ref{exe:domanis}) shows the verb dorma `to pull out' with a directional verb.
A: word: parei∼pareir	 gloss: DISTR∼follow
B: word: pareir	 gloss: follow
C: word: masarat=nin=et	 gloss: move_landwards=NEG=IRR
D: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A