cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nur an=at gonggung=te tok ___
Gloss (with missing item): Nur 1SG=OBJ call={\glte} first ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nur calls me to have breakfast first.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between incorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains for further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not incorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions. Ter-na `its gloss ___', for example, does not necessarily mean `drinking tea', but can also mean `having breakfast'. Incorporations with tree names and sara `to ascend' mean `to climb that tree in order to harvest'. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns and verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that incorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is illustrated in~(\ref{exe:terincorp}). In~(\ref{exe:teratna}), the speaker first uses ter `tea' as the object and na `consume' as the verb. Two turns later, in~(\ref{exe:terna}), he incorporates ter into na with the same meaning, `to have breakfast'. (\ref{exe:ternatnin}) shows that negation does not play a role in the difference between~(\ref{exe:teratna}) and~(\ref{exe:terna}), and that ter may be incorporated in na also when the verb is negated.
A: word: ter	 gloss: tea
B: word: ter-na	 gloss: tea-consume
C: word: ter-nan=i	 gloss: tea-consume=PLNK
D: word: naras∼naras=in	 gloss: fight∼RED=PROH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an se yal=i mengga bo karimun=at kuangi bo Mas=ko, winyal, metko ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG IAM paddle=PLNK DIST.LAT go cape=OBJ pass go Mas=LOC fish DIST.LOC ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I paddled from there, passed the cape to go to Mas, and fished, there [I] was fishing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both transitive and intransitive verbs may be reduplicated to denote duration, repetition or progressive aspect (examples~\ref{exe:winyy} and~\ref{exe:paruopp}), or distribution (examples~\ref{exe:dalangd} and~\ref{exe:ciep} with \is{distributive}distributive marker -p). At least one verb, paruo `to do; to make' can be used in a \is{habitual}habitual sense (example~\ref{exe:paruop}).
A: word: winyal	 gloss: fish_with_line
B: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
C: word: ecie-p∼cie-p	 gloss: return-DISTR∼DISTR-DISTR
D: word: winyal∼winyal	 gloss: fish∼PROG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamamual tumun opa ___ opa me
Gloss (with missing item): needlefish small {\glopa} ___ {\glopa} TOP
The English translation of this sentence is:`That needlefish just jumped around there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both transitive and intransitive verbs may be reduplicated to denote duration, repetition or progressive aspect (examples~\ref{exe:winyy} and~\ref{exe:paruopp}), or distribution (examples~\ref{exe:dalangd} and~\ref{exe:ciep} with \is{distributive}distributive marker -p). At least one verb, paruo `to do; to make' can be used in a \is{habitual}habitual sense (example~\ref{exe:paruop}).
A: word: tok∼tok=ta	 gloss: still∼RED=NFIN
B: word: dalang=i	 gloss: jump=PLNK
C: word: dalang∼dalang=ta	 gloss: jump∼DISTR=NFIN
D: word: ter-na	 gloss: tea-consume
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sontum se ___
Gloss (with missing item): person IAM ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`People were returning (one by one/in small groups).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both transitive and intransitive verbs may be reduplicated to denote duration, repetition or progressive aspect (examples~\ref{exe:winyy} and~\ref{exe:paruopp}), or distribution (examples~\ref{exe:dalangd} and~\ref{exe:ciep} with \is{distributive}distributive marker -p). At least one verb, paruo `to do; to make' can be used in a \is{habitual}habitual sense (example~\ref{exe:paruop}).
A: word: ecie-p∼cie-p	 gloss: return-DISTR∼DISTR-DISTR
B: word: un-ganggie	 gloss: REFL-lift
C: word: marmar∼marmar=et	 gloss: walk∼RED=IRR
D: word: ecien=i	 gloss: return=PLNK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): amdir=at=a ___
Gloss (with missing item): garden=OBJ=FOC ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`gardening; work in the garden'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Both transitive and intransitive verbs may be reduplicated to denote duration, repetition or progressive aspect (examples~\ref{exe:winyy} and~\ref{exe:paruopp}), or distribution (examples~\ref{exe:dalangd} and~\ref{exe:ciep} with \is{distributive}distributive marker -p). At least one verb, paruo `to do; to make' can be used in a \is{habitual}habitual sense (example~\ref{exe:paruop}).
A: word: ko=garung	 gloss: APPL=chat
B: word: paruo	 gloss: make
C: word: paruo∼paruo	 gloss: make∼HAB
D: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an toni Nyong emun pier tok ___ warkin tok bes=et eba metko pi war=et
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG say Nyong mother.3POSS 1DU.IN first ___ tide first good=IRR then DIST.LOC 1PL.EXCL fish=IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`I said: ``Nyong's mother, we two rest first. First when the tide is good, we go fishing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most common functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples in the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.\footnote{This is why some reduplications are glossed as `\textsc{red}', instead of forcing a specific reading on them.} Istiraharearet in~(\ref{exe:harew}) could be interpreted as `rest for a little' (diminutive) or `rest for a while' (\is{durative}durative, progressive). Narasnaras in~(\ref{exe:narasn}) could mean `fight often' (repetitive) or `fight \is{habitual}habitually' (habitual), or `fighting' (progressive). Marmarmarmar in~(\ref{exe:mmmm}) could mean `walk a little' or `walk slowly' (attenuative) or `walking' (progressive). Konawaruowaruo in~(\ref{exe:knowa}), where the conversation partners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to forgetting some things (\is{distributive}distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them (progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun in~(\ref{exe:lomlom}), derived from a \is{stative intransitive verb}stative intransitive verb, may mean `very young' (intensification), `a little young' (attenuative) or `some are young' (distributive). Gosomingosomin in~(\ref{exe:gosgos}) could be an attenuative `disappear a little'.
A: word: tiri∼tiri	 gloss: sail∼PROG
B: word: nau=tu	 gloss: RECP=hit
C: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
D: word: istirahare∼are∼t	 gloss: rest∼RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): doa supaya mier sanang=et mier hidup-un bes mu-mun ___
Gloss (with missing item): prayer so_that 3DU happy=IRR 3DU life-3POSS good 3PL-PROH ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`A prayer so that they will be happy, they have a good life, [so that] they don't fight.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most common functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples in the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.\footnote{This is why some reduplications are glossed as `\textsc{red}', instead of forcing a specific reading on them.} Istiraharearet in~(\ref{exe:harew}) could be interpreted as `rest for a little' (diminutive) or `rest for a while' (\is{durative}durative, progressive). Narasnaras in~(\ref{exe:narasn}) could mean `fight often' (repetitive) or `fight \is{habitual}habitually' (habitual), or `fighting' (progressive). Marmarmarmar in~(\ref{exe:mmmm}) could mean `walk a little' or `walk slowly' (attenuative) or `walking' (progressive). Konawaruowaruo in~(\ref{exe:knowa}), where the conversation partners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to forgetting some things (\is{distributive}distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them (progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun in~(\ref{exe:lomlom}), derived from a \is{stative intransitive verb}stative intransitive verb, may mean `very young' (intensification), `a little young' (attenuative) or `some are young' (distributive). Gosomingosomin in~(\ref{exe:gosgos}) could be an attenuative `disappear a little'.
A: word: ewa∼wa∼ewawa=in	 gloss: talk∼PROG∼PROG=PROH
B: word: naras∼naras=in	 gloss: fight∼RED=PROH
C: word: goras=kongga	 gloss: crow=AN.LAT
D: word: ko=ewa	 gloss: APPL=speak
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pi wilak yuwatko ___ Nyong esun=at nawanggar=et
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL sea PROX.LOC ___ Nyong father.3POSS=OBJ wait=IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`We walk to the sea over there [while we] wait for Nyong's father.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most common functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples in the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.\footnote{This is why some reduplications are glossed as `\textsc{red}', instead of forcing a specific reading on them.} Istiraharearet in~(\ref{exe:harew}) could be interpreted as `rest for a little' (diminutive) or `rest for a while' (\is{durative}durative, progressive). Narasnaras in~(\ref{exe:narasn}) could mean `fight often' (repetitive) or `fight \is{habitual}habitually' (habitual), or `fighting' (progressive). Marmarmarmar in~(\ref{exe:mmmm}) could mean `walk a little' or `walk slowly' (attenuative) or `walking' (progressive). Konawaruowaruo in~(\ref{exe:knowa}), where the conversation partners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to forgetting some things (\is{distributive}distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them (progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun in~(\ref{exe:lomlom}), derived from a \is{stative intransitive verb}stative intransitive verb, may mean `very young' (intensification), `a little young' (attenuative) or `some are young' (distributive). Gosomingosomin in~(\ref{exe:gosgos}) could be an attenuative `disappear a little'.
A: word: marmar∼marmar=et	 gloss: walk∼RED=IRR
B: word: marmar=teba=te	 gloss: walk={\glteba}=SG.IMP
C: word: mei	 gloss: come.IMP
D: word: loi∼loi=tun=et	 gloss: quick∼INTS=INTS=IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ikon se ___ ge
Gloss (with missing item): some IAM ___ no
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some [we] already forgot, didn't we?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most common functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples in the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.\footnote{This is why some reduplications are glossed as `\textsc{red}', instead of forcing a specific reading on them.} Istiraharearet in~(\ref{exe:harew}) could be interpreted as `rest for a little' (diminutive) or `rest for a while' (\is{durative}durative, progressive). Narasnaras in~(\ref{exe:narasn}) could mean `fight often' (repetitive) or `fight \is{habitual}habitually' (habitual), or `fighting' (progressive). Marmarmarmar in~(\ref{exe:mmmm}) could mean `walk a little' or `walk slowly' (attenuative) or `walking' (progressive). Konawaruowaruo in~(\ref{exe:knowa}), where the conversation partners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to forgetting some things (\is{distributive}distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them (progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun in~(\ref{exe:lomlom}), derived from a \is{stative intransitive verb}stative intransitive verb, may mean `very young' (intensification), `a little young' (attenuative) or `some are young' (distributive). Gosomingosomin in~(\ref{exe:gosgos}) could be an attenuative `disappear a little'.
A: word: ko=naurar=i	 gloss: APPL-circle=PLNK
B: word: konawaruo∼waruo	 gloss: forget∼RED
C: word: konawaruo	 gloss: forget
D: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Tima emun mu mu=nan muin teun reidak ba tok ___
Gloss (with missing item): Tima mother.3POSS 3PL 3PL=too 3POSS fruit many but still ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Tima's mother's family have a lot of fruits, but [they] are still unripe.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most common functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples in the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.\footnote{This is why some reduplications are glossed as `\textsc{red}', instead of forcing a specific reading on them.} Istiraharearet in~(\ref{exe:harew}) could be interpreted as `rest for a little' (diminutive) or `rest for a while' (\is{durative}durative, progressive). Narasnaras in~(\ref{exe:narasn}) could mean `fight often' (repetitive) or `fight \is{habitual}habitually' (habitual), or `fighting' (progressive). Marmarmarmar in~(\ref{exe:mmmm}) could mean `walk a little' or `walk slowly' (attenuative) or `walking' (progressive). Konawaruowaruo in~(\ref{exe:knowa}), where the conversation partners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to forgetting some things (\is{distributive}distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them (progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun in~(\ref{exe:lomlom}), derived from a \is{stative intransitive verb}stative intransitive verb, may mean `very young' (intensification), `a little young' (attenuative) or `some are young' (distributive). Gosomingosomin in~(\ref{exe:gosgos}) could be an attenuative `disappear a little'.
A: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
B: word: ran	 gloss: go
C: word: min-kalot=at	 gloss: sleep-room=OBJ
D: word: kalom∼lom∼un	 gloss: unripe∼RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nasuena bolon baran pi-mun talalu pen=sawet=in o pen koi ___ gosomin∼gosomin
Gloss (with missing item): sugar little descend 1PL.INCL-PROH too sweet=too=PROH EMPH tasty then ___ disappear∼RED
The English translation of this sentence is:`Put in a little sugar, we shouldn't make it too sweet, the tastiness [could] disappear.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most common functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples in the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.\footnote{This is why some reduplications are glossed as `\textsc{red}', instead of forcing a specific reading on them.} Istiraharearet in~(\ref{exe:harew}) could be interpreted as `rest for a little' (diminutive) or `rest for a while' (\is{durative}durative, progressive). Narasnaras in~(\ref{exe:narasn}) could mean `fight often' (repetitive) or `fight \is{habitual}habitually' (habitual), or `fighting' (progressive). Marmarmarmar in~(\ref{exe:mmmm}) could mean `walk a little' or `walk slowly' (attenuative) or `walking' (progressive). Konawaruowaruo in~(\ref{exe:knowa}), where the conversation partners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to forgetting some things (\is{distributive}distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them (progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun in~(\ref{exe:lomlom}), derived from a \is{stative intransitive verb}stative intransitive verb, may mean `very young' (intensification), `a little young' (attenuative) or `some are young' (distributive). Gosomingosomin in~(\ref{exe:gosgos}) could be an attenuative `disappear a little'.
A: word: ter-na	 gloss: tea-consume
B: word: neba	 gloss: what
C: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
D: word: bara∼bara	 gloss: down∼PROG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nasuena bolon baran pi-mun talalu pen=sawet=in o pen koi neba∼neba ___
Gloss (with missing item): sugar little descend 1PL.INCL-PROH too sweet=too=PROH EMPH tasty then PH∼RED ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Put in a little sugar, we shouldn't make it too sweet, the tastiness [could] disappear.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most common functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples in the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.\footnote{This is why some reduplications are glossed as `\textsc{red}', instead of forcing a specific reading on them.} Istiraharearet in~(\ref{exe:harew}) could be interpreted as `rest for a little' (diminutive) or `rest for a while' (\is{durative}durative, progressive). Narasnaras in~(\ref{exe:narasn}) could mean `fight often' (repetitive) or `fight \is{habitual}habitually' (habitual), or `fighting' (progressive). Marmarmarmar in~(\ref{exe:mmmm}) could mean `walk a little' or `walk slowly' (attenuative) or `walking' (progressive). Konawaruowaruo in~(\ref{exe:knowa}), where the conversation partners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to forgetting some things (\is{distributive}distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them (progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun in~(\ref{exe:lomlom}), derived from a \is{stative intransitive verb}stative intransitive verb, may mean `very young' (intensification), `a little young' (attenuative) or `some are young' (distributive). Gosomingosomin in~(\ref{exe:gosgos}) could be an attenuative `disappear a little'.
A: word: bot	 gloss: go
B: word: neba∼neba	 gloss: PH∼RED
C: word: gosomin∼gosomin	 gloss: disappear∼RED
D: word: gosomin	 gloss: disappear
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C