cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mier-gan neba-un kit-pis ___ eir-gan
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL-both what-3POSS top-side ___ two-both
The English translation of this sentence is:`Both their whatsits point up, both on the very edge.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:siepsiep}) and~(\ref{exe:siun}) show siep- `edge' inflected with third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative =ko. (\ref{exe:kitko}),~(\ref{exe:kitpis}) and~(\ref{exe:kitkadok}) show kit- `top' with locative =ko, -pis `side' and -kadok `side'.
A: word: siep-un=ko	 gloss: edge-3POSS=LOC
B: word: me=bon	 gloss: DIST=COM
C: word: siep∼siep-un	 gloss: edge∼INTS-3POSS
D: word: muin	 gloss: 3POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu se koi wat pes=at di=kahalong ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL IAM then coconut shell=OBJ CAUS=spear ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then they put coconut shell on the edge of the spear.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:siepsiep}) and~(\ref{exe:siun}) show siep- `edge' inflected with third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative =ko. (\ref{exe:kitko}),~(\ref{exe:kitpis}) and~(\ref{exe:kitkadok}) show kit- `top' with locative =ko, -pis `side' and -kadok `side'.
A: word: elak-un=ko	 gloss: bottom-3POSS=LOC
B: word: siep-un=ko	 gloss: edge-3POSS=LOC
C: word: siep∼siep-un	 gloss: edge∼INTS-3POSS
D: word: reitkon=at=a	 gloss: hundred=OBJ=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He's up [there].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:siepsiep}) and~(\ref{exe:siun}) show siep- `edge' inflected with third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative =ko. (\ref{exe:kitko}),~(\ref{exe:kitpis}) and~(\ref{exe:kitkadok}) show kit- `top' with locative =ko, -pis `side' and -kadok `side'.
A: word: towari∼wa=ten	 gloss: young∼RED=AT
B: word: tanbes-pis=ko	 gloss: right-side=LOC
C: word: kit=ko	 gloss: top=LOC
D: word: naun-keit=ko=nin	 gloss: soil-top=LOC=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ sarat=nin ma elak-pis=i=a barat=et
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ ascend=NEG 3SG down-side=PLNK=FOC descend=IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`It doesn't go up, it goes down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:siepsiep}) and~(\ref{exe:siun}) show siep- `edge' inflected with third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative =ko. (\ref{exe:kitko}),~(\ref{exe:kitpis}) and~(\ref{exe:kitkadok}) show kit- `top' with locative =ko, -pis `side' and -kadok `side'.
A: word: kit-pis	 gloss: top-\textbf{side}
B: word: kit-pis=i	 gloss: top-side=PLNK
C: word: konenen-un	 gloss: remember-NMLZ
D: word: elak-pis=i=a	 gloss: down-side=PLNK=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma kit-pis=i sarat=nin ma ___ barat=et
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG top-side=PLNK ascend=NEG 3SG ___ descend=IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`It doesn't go up, it goes down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:siepsiep}) and~(\ref{exe:siun}) show siep- `edge' inflected with third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative =ko. (\ref{exe:kitko}),~(\ref{exe:kitpis}) and~(\ref{exe:kitkadok}) show kit- `top' with locative =ko, -pis `side' and -kadok `side'.
A: word: an=konggo	 gloss: 1SG=AN.LOC
B: word: elak-pis=i=a	 gloss: down-side=PLNK=FOC
C: word: kit-pis=i	 gloss: top-side=PLNK
D: word: elak-pis	 gloss: down-\textbf{side}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kewe-un ___
Gloss (with missing item): house-3POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`His house is at the top.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{exe:siepsiep}) and~(\ref{exe:siun}) show siep- `edge' inflected with third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative =ko. (\ref{exe:kitko}),~(\ref{exe:kitpis}) and~(\ref{exe:kitkadok}) show kit- `top' with locative =ko, -pis `side' and -kadok `side'.
A: word: kit-kadok=at	 gloss: top-side=OBJ
B: word: kit-kadok	 gloss: top-side
C: word: me=bon	 gloss: DIST=COM
D: word: elak-kadok	 gloss: bottom-side
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ sarat=nin ma elak-pis=i=a barat=et
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ ascend=NEG 3SG down-side=PLNK=FOC descend=IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`It doesn't go up, it goes down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that nouns with -pis and -kadok can be used predicatively (illustrated for -pis in~\ref{exe:kitpis} and for -kadok in~\ref{exe:kitkadok}), or can be arguments, as illustrated for the object NPs in~(\ref{exe:pisat}) and~(\ref{exe:kosat}).
A: word: goras=kongga	 gloss: crow=AN.LAT
B: word: kit-pis	 gloss: top-\textbf{side}
C: word: kit-pis=i	 gloss: top-side=PLNK
D: word: elak-pis=i=a	 gloss: down-side=PLNK=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma kit-pis=i sarat=nin ma ___ barat=et
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG top-side=PLNK ascend=NEG 3SG ___ descend=IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`It doesn't go up, it goes down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that nouns with -pis and -kadok can be used predicatively (illustrated for -pis in~\ref{exe:kitpis} and for -kadok in~\ref{exe:kitkadok}), or can be arguments, as illustrated for the object NPs in~(\ref{exe:pisat}) and~(\ref{exe:kosat}).
A: word: kit-pis=i	 gloss: top-side=PLNK
B: word: elak-pis	 gloss: down-\textbf{side}
C: word: naun-keit=ko=nin	 gloss: soil-top=LOC=NEG
D: word: elak-pis=i=a	 gloss: down-side=PLNK=FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kewe-un ___
Gloss (with missing item): house-3POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`His house is at the top.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that nouns with -pis and -kadok can be used predicatively (illustrated for -pis in~\ref{exe:kitpis} and for -kadok in~\ref{exe:kitkadok}), or can be arguments, as illustrated for the object NPs in~(\ref{exe:pisat}) and~(\ref{exe:kosat}).
A: word: elak-kadok	 gloss: bottom-side
B: word: kolak=ko=nin	 gloss: mainland=LOC=NEG
C: word: kit-kadok	 gloss: top-side
D: word: kit-kadok=at	 gloss: top-side=OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kon kahaman-un ___ kon elak-pis ba temun
Gloss (with missing item): one bottom-3POSS ___ one down-side but big
The English translation of this sentence is:`One's bottom is at the top, one is at the bottom, but [it's] big.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These suffixes, like locative =ko and lative =ka, are not exclusive to locational nouns. One example with predicative nouns -pis is given in~(\ref{exe:pis1}).
A: word: elak-pis	 gloss: down-\textbf{side}
B: word: kit-pis=i	 gloss: top-side=PLNK
C: word: minggi	 gloss: DIST.INS
D: word: kit-pis	 gloss: top-\textbf{side}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kon kahaman-un kit-pis kon ___ ba temun
Gloss (with missing item): one bottom-3POSS top-side one ___ but big
The English translation of this sentence is:`One's bottom is at the top, one is at the bottom, but [it's] big.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These suffixes, like locative =ko and lative =ka, are not exclusive to locational nouns. One example with predicative nouns -pis is given in~(\ref{exe:pis1}).
A: word: kit-pis	 gloss: top-\textbf{side}
B: word: elak-pis	 gloss: down-\textbf{side}
C: word: elak-pis=i=a	 gloss: down-side=PLNK=FOC
D: word: goras=kongga	 gloss: crow=AN.LAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tumtum ___ me Bobi emun=a kona
Gloss (with missing item): children ___ TOP Bobi mother=FOC see
The English translation of this sentence is:`A few children, Bobi's mother saw [them].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Within the group of common nouns, Kalamang has mass nouns and count nouns, which behave differently with respect to quantifiers (§\ref{sec:wcquant}). Mass nouns require a measure noun when quantified with a numeral quantifier. This measure noun occurs between the noun and the quantifier. Examples of mass nouns are granular substances such as nasuena `sugar', os `sand', nd pasa `rice' and liquids such as per `water'. Examples of measure nouns are kiem `basket' and goni `sack'. Mass nouns can be quantified with most quantifiers, except the morpheme ___/ikon `a its gloss ___', which is reserved for count nouns, as in~(\ref{exe:bob}). Their counterpart bolon `a little' is used for mass nouns, as in~(\ref{exe:nasbo}).
A: word: kon	 gloss: one
B: word: taukon	 gloss: few
C: word: kinkinun	 gloss: small
D: word: ikon	 gloss: some
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nasuena ___ baran
Gloss (with missing item): sugar ___ descend
The English translation of this sentence is:`[You] put a little sugar in.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Within the group of common nouns, Kalamang has mass nouns and count nouns, which behave differently with respect to quantifiers (§\ref{sec:wcquant}). Mass nouns require a measure noun when quantified with a numeral quantifier. This measure noun occurs between the noun and the quantifier. Examples of mass nouns are granular substances such as nasuena `sugar', os `sand', nd pasa `rice' and liquids such as per `water'. Examples of measure nouns are kiem `basket' and goni `sack'. Mass nouns can be quantified with most quantifiers, except taukon/ikon `a few', which is reserved for count nouns, as in~(\ref{exe:bob}). Their counterpart bolon `a little' is used for mass nouns, as in~(\ref{exe:nasbo}).
A: word: bolon-i	 gloss: little-OBJQNT
B: word: ikon-i	 gloss: some-OBJQNT
C: word: siep-un=ko	 gloss: edge-3POSS=LOC
D: word: bolon∼bolon=tun	 gloss: little∼INTS=INTS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anggas=at ___ eranun
Gloss (with missing item): door=OBJ ___ cannot
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He/she] cannot close the door.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbs preceding eranun `cannot' must be nominalised with -un. A transitive example is given in~(\ref{exe:eranunnmlz}) and an intransitive one in~(\ref{exe:eranunintr}).
A: word: tarat-un	 gloss: close-NMLZ
B: word: metko	 gloss: DIST.LOC
C: word: kabarat=nin	 gloss: sweep=NEG
D: word: konenen-un	 gloss: remember-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma toni o an ___ eranun
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG say EMPH 1SG ___ cannot
The English translation of this sentence is:`He said: ``Oh, I cannot eat.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbs preceding eranun `cannot' must be nominalised with -un. A transitive example is given in~(\ref{exe:eranunnmlz}) and an intransitive one in~(\ref{exe:eranunintr}).
A: word: wat=a	 gloss: PROX.OBJ=FOC
B: word: yap_seran-un	 gloss: yam-3POSS
C: word: konenen-un	 gloss: remember-NMLZ
D: word: nan-un	 gloss: consume-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): supaya ma neba-un met se mamun=et [...] ___ leng-un
Gloss (with missing item): so_that 3SG PH-3POSS DIST.OBJ IAM leave=IRR {} ___ village-3POSS
The English translation of this sentence is:`So that she leaves her whatsit behind, the memories of her village.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: To this list can be added the lexical negative construction sukaun ge or sukaun Verb=\textsc{nin} `to not like' (§\ref{sec:lexicalneg}), derived from Malay suka `to like'. Nominalisation with Kalamang transitive verbs is infrequent, but possible. Consider konenenun `memory' from konenen `to remember' in~(\ref{exe:konenenun}).
A: word: tarat-un	 gloss: close-NMLZ
B: word: ep-kon=a	 gloss: CLF_GROUP-one=FOC
C: word: konenen-un	 gloss: remember-NMLZ
D: word: konenen=i	 gloss: remember=PLNK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): opa [som ___ me mambaran kon ladan kerkap
Gloss (with missing item): earlier person ___ TOP stand one shirt red
The English translation of this sentence is:`Earlier, there were three people standing, one [had] a red shirt.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers (introduced in §\ref{sec:wcquantnum}) indicate the quantity of the referent of a NP. They include numeral and non-numeral quantifiers. Quantifiers take the second slot after the noun in the NP, following the possessive suffix. Quantifiers modifying the subject are unmarked, as shown by the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' in~(\ref{exe:ladank}) and ikon `few; some' in~(\ref{exe:emikon}). Quantifiers may carry a classifier prefix, depending on the noun. (\ref{exe:kanase}) shows the classifier ep- for groups of living beings, on the numeral kon `one', modifying kanas `kind of fish'. For more on classifiers, see §\ref{sec:clf}.
A: word: karuok-gan	 gloss: three-all
B: word: et-putkaruok	 gloss: CLF_AN-thirteen
C: word: karuok	 gloss: three
D: word: bolon-i	 gloss: little-OBJQNT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [emumur ___ toni ah ma se me
Gloss (with missing item): woman.PL ___ say INT 3SG IAM DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some of the women say: ``Ah, that's it.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers (introduced in §\ref{sec:wcquantnum}) indicate the quantity of the referent of a NP. They include numeral and non-numeral quantifiers. Quantifiers take the second slot after the noun in the NP, following the possessive suffix. Quantifiers modifying the subject are unmarked, as shown by karuok `three' in~(\ref{exe:ladank}) and the morpheme ___ `few; its gloss ___' in~(\ref{exe:emthe morpheme ___}). Quantifiers may carry a classifier prefix, depending on the noun. (\ref{exe:kanase}) shows the classifier ep- for groups of living beings, on the numeral kon `one', modifying kanas `kind of fish'. For more on classifiers, see §\ref{sec:clf}.
A: word: taikonggo	 gloss: side.LOC
B: word: taukon	 gloss: few
C: word: ikon	 gloss: some
D: word: kolak=ko=nin	 gloss: mainland=LOC=NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [kanas ___ marua ime
Gloss (with missing item): kind_of_fish ___ move_seawards DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:`A school of kanas moves towards that [part of] the sea!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Quantifiers (introduced in §\ref{sec:wcquantnum}) indicate the quantity of the referent of a NP. They include numeral and non-numeral quantifiers. Quantifiers take the second slot after the noun in the NP, following the possessive suffix. Quantifiers modifying the subject are unmarked, as shown by karuok `three' in~(\ref{exe:ladank}) and ikon `few; some' in~(\ref{exe:emikon}). Quantifiers may carry a classifier prefix, depending on the noun. (\ref{exe:kanase}) shows the classifier ep- for groups of living beings, on the numeral kon `one', modifying kanas `kind of fish'. For more on classifiers, see §\ref{sec:clf}.
A: word: ep-kon=a	 gloss: CLF_GROUP-one=FOC
B: word: nakal-un=bon=at	 gloss: head-3POSS=COM=OBJ
C: word: kon=a	 gloss: one=FOC
D: word: salak-kon=et	 gloss: ten_thousand-one=\glet
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A