cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kanen i ___ ta yi na puļo paagi ta pag-sakay ta lunday para ma-ng-laya.\\
Gloss (with missing item): 3S.ABS DEF.N ___ NABS D1ADJ LK island by.means NABS NR.ACT-ride NABS outrigger.canoe for A.HAP.IR-PL-cast.net
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He went to this island by means of riding an outrigger canoe in order to cast-net fish.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{bkm:Ref148947015} illustrates the volitional intransitive motion root, iling ‘to go’, with an obligatory destination expressed as an oblique \REF{bkm:Ref148947015} or as absolutive with applicative, \REF{bkm:Ref148947027} and \REF{bkm:Ref148947052}:
A: word: ga-kuyog	 gloss: I.R-go.with
B: word: pa-iling-an	 gloss: T.R-go-APL
C: word: pa-pa-balik	 gloss: T.R-CAUS-return
D: word: ga-iling	 gloss: I.R-go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pamiro, first time, ko na ___ Puerto.
Gloss (with missing item): first first time 1S.ERG LK ___ Puerto.
The English translation of this sentence is:‘First, first time, I went to Puerto.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{bkm:Ref148947015} illustrates the volitional intransitive motion root, iling ‘to go’, with an obligatory destination expressed as an oblique \REF{bkm:Ref148947015} or as absolutive with applicative, \REF{bkm:Ref148947027} and \REF{bkm:Ref148947052}:
A: word: ga-iling	 gloss: I.R-go
B: word: pa-iling-an	 gloss: T.R-go-APL
C: word: pa-ambaļ-an	 gloss: T.R-say-APL
D: word: ma-ayad	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-well
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kaysan bisan puon ta mga darko na mga kaoy paryo ta baliti, kumpang o bugo ___ daw ambaļ-en dya na, “Anen en bata an.”\\
Gloss (with missing item): sometimes even trunk NABS PL large.PL LK PL trees same/like NABS ficus wild.almond or garuga.floribunda ___ and say-T.IR D4LOC LK EXT.G CM child DEF.M
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Sometimes even the trunks of large trees like ficus, wild almond or garuga floribunda (they) go to and say there, “Here is the child.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{bkm:Ref148947015} illustrates the volitional intransitive motion root, iling ‘to go’, with an obligatory destination expressed as an oblique \REF{bkm:Ref148947015} or as absolutive with applicative, \REF{bkm:Ref148947027} and \REF{bkm:Ref148947052}:
A: word: pa-iling-an	 gloss: T.R-go-APL
B: word: na-igo	 gloss: A.HAP.R-hit
C: word: pa-ambaļ-an	 gloss: T.R-say-APL
D: word: ga-iling	 gloss: I.R-go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ta geyem talinga ko i.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NABS ant ear 1S.GEN DEF.N
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The ant(s) happened to go inside my ear.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following are a few examples of such roots in context. In example \REF{bkm:Ref148966154}, the root seddep ‘go into a small space’ is used in a transitive frame with happenstantial modality. In this case the ants are presented as a “substance” that happened to enter, was able to enter, or had entered the speaker’s ear. In example \REF{bkm:Ref148966156} the same verb occurs in dynamic (volitional) modality. In this case, the ants are presented as “actors”, purposely entering the speaker’s ear:
A: word: ga-leddang	 gloss: I.R-sink
B: word: pa-seddep-an	 gloss: T.R-go.in.small.space-APL
C: word: na-seddep-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-go.in.small.space-APL
D: word: ubos	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ta geyem talinga ko i.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NABS ant ear 1S.GEN DEF.N
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The ant(s) went inside my ear.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following are a few examples of such roots in context. In example \REF{bkm:Ref148966154}, the root seddep ‘go into a small space’ is used in a transitive frame with happenstantial modality. In this case the ants are presented as a “substance” that happened to enter, was able to enter, or had entered the speaker’s ear. In example \REF{bkm:Ref148966156} the same verb occurs in dynamic (volitional) modality. In this case, the ants are presented as “actors”, purposely entering the speaker’s ear:
A: word: ma-ayad	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-well
B: word: dukwa	 gloss: possibly.some.time
C: word: na-seddep-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-go.in.small.space-APL
D: word: pa-seddep-an	 gloss: T.R-go.in.small.space-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ta, ake na duma ___ ta baļas an…
Gloss (with missing item): so 1S.GEN LK companion ___ NABS forest DEF.M
The English translation of this sentence is:‘So my companion went into the forest…’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref148966256} and \REF{bkm:Ref148965959} illustrate this same root, without the applicative suffix, in dynamic modality:
A: word: pa-seddep-an	 gloss: T.R-go.in.small.space-APL
B: word: na-seddep-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-go.in.small.space-APL
C: word: pa-iling-an	 gloss: T.R-go-APL
D: word: ga-seddep	 gloss: I.R-go.in.small.space
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aso ta apoy ___ en ta lungag…
Gloss (with missing item): smoke NABS fire ___ CM NABS hole
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The smoke of the fire went inside the hole….’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref148966256} and \REF{bkm:Ref148965959} illustrate this same root, without the applicative suffix, in dynamic modality:
A: word: ga-seddep	 gloss: I.R-go.in.small.space
B: word: tunaw-en	 gloss: dissolve-T.IR
C: word: pa-seddep-an	 gloss: T.R-go.in.small.space-APL
D: word: na-seddep-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-go.in.small.space-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aso ta apoy ___ en ta lungag…
Gloss (with missing item): smoke NABS fire ___ CM NABS hole
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The smoke of the fire went inside the hole….’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{bkm:Ref148965959} is from a story about a raid on the island of Cagayancillo. A group of Kagayanens were hiding in a cave (referred to as a “hole”), and the attackers set a fire at the entrance to the cave such that everyone inside died except one woman. This was a volitional act on the part of the raiders, though the absolutive argument, the smoke, is not itself volitional:
A: word: na-gisi	 gloss: A.HAP.R-tear
B: word: pa-seddep-an	 gloss: T.R-go.in.small.space-APL
C: word: ga-seddep	 gloss: I.R-go.in.small.space
D: word: na-seddep-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-go.in.small.space-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ta buļan na ga-ligad ___ ko a masakit na swalem.
Gloss (with missing item): NABS month/moon LK I.R-pass.by ___ 1S.ERG INJ sick LK chickenpox
The English translation of this sentence is:‘In the month that passed by I experienced the sickness of chickenpox.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The root agi may take dynamic affixes, in which case it expresses the meaning of ‘to pass somewhere’, and falls into Class IV. However, when occurring with happenstantial affixes, it has the somewhat idiomatic meaning of ‘to experience’, as a sickness (example \ref{bkm:Ref150244144}). In this case the experiencer is expressed as ergative, and the source of the experience as absolutive. Therefore in this usage it falls into Subclass Vb:
A: word: na-agi-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-experience-APL
B: word: agi-an	 gloss: pass-APL
C: word: na-aļaman	 gloss: A.HAP.R-know-APL
D: word: ayad	 gloss: well
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko kalilawan i.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1S.ERG Philippine.oriole DEF.N
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I hit the Philippine oriole.’ (He was shooting at it with a slingshot.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb igo ‘hit/strike’ describes the non-volitional act of hitting an object, as a tree branch falling on a parked car, or a rock hitting a window. It may or may not be the result of a volitional act of throwing, shooting, etc. (as in \ref{bkm:Ref150345606}), but the event of hitting is presented as happenstantial.
A: word: na-ipit	 gloss: A.HAP.R-pin
B: word: na-agi-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-experience-APL
C: word: na-igo	 gloss: A.HAP.R-hit
D: word: pa-pakang	 gloss: T.R-hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ga-bangon a daw ___ ta pitrumaks.
Gloss (with missing item): I.R-get.up 1S.ABS and ___ NABS petromax
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I got up and lit a petromax.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following are a few examples of each of these major groups from the corpus. Examples \REF{ex:tobecomewell} through \REF{bkm:Ref150434151} illustrate Group 1 roots. The ungrammatical forms illustrate their non-occurrence with the m- prefix:
A: word: mag-tutod	 gloss: I.IR-light
B: word: mag-tunga	 gloss: I.IR-come.up.from.underwater
C: word: “mag-pa-kita	 gloss: I.IR-CAUS-see
D: word: tunaw-en	 gloss: dissolve-T.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Apang ta pang-tallo ko na pag-eseb ___ a dagat naan tuman ta ake na ilek.
Gloss (with missing item): but NABS ORD-three 1S.GEN LK NR.ACT-go.underwater ___ 1S.ABS sea NABS until NABS 1S.GEN LK armpit
The English translation of this sentence is:‘But on my third going under water I came up from under the sea to my armpits.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref150434299} through \REF{bkm:Ref150430302} illustrate Group 2 verbs from Classes IV, VI, VII, and VIII that may take m{}- as well as mag{}- as the intransitive, irrealis inflection. Sometimes there is no discernible difference in meaning between the two forms, while other times the m{}- forms describe more immediate, inevitable situations. The mag{}- forms tend to describe more non-specific, habitual situations, often in combination with another clause in the same construction. Example \REF{bkm:Ref150434299} illustrates the culminative usage of irrealis modality (see \chapref{chap:verbstructure}, \sectref{sec:intransitiveirrealis}):
A: word: mag-tunga	 gloss: I.IR-come.up.from.underwater
B: word: mag-tutod	 gloss: I.IR-light
C: word: pa-pa-leddang	 gloss: T.R-CAUS-sink
D: word: m-tunga	 gloss: I.V.IR-come.up.from.underwater
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Apang ta pang-tallo ko na pag-eseb ___ a dagat naan tuman ta ake na ilek.
Gloss (with missing item): but NABS ORD-three 1S.GEN LK NR.ACT-go.underwater ___ 1S.ABS sea NABS until NABS 1S.GEN LK armpit
The English translation of this sentence is:‘But on my third going under water I came up from under the sea to my armpits.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref150434299} through \REF{bkm:Ref150430302} illustrate Group 2 verbs from Classes IV, VI, VII, and VIII that may take m{}- as well as mag{}- as the intransitive, irrealis inflection. Sometimes there is no discernible difference in meaning between the two forms, while other times the m{}- forms describe more immediate, inevitable situations. The mag{}- forms tend to describe more non-specific, habitual situations, often in combination with another clause in the same construction. Example \REF{bkm:Ref150434299} illustrates the culminative usage of irrealis modality (see \chapref{chap:verbstructure}, \sectref{sec:intransitiveirrealis}):
A: word: mag-tunga	 gloss: I.IR-come.up.from.underwater
B: word: m-tunga	 gloss: I.V.IR-come.up.from.underwater
C: word: mag-tutod	 gloss: I.IR-light
D: word: na-igo	 gloss: A.HAP.R-hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pang-tallo ko na eseb ___ a dagat naan tuman ta ilek i.
Gloss (with missing item): ORD-three 1S.GEN LK go.underwater ___ 1S.ABS sea SPAT.DEF until NABS armpit DEF.N
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My third going under water I came up from under the sea until the armpits.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a different telling of the same story, the same speaker uses the m{}- form, again in the culminative usage \REF{bkm:Ref150434555}. Here there does not seem to be any discernable difference in meaning:
A: word: m-tunga	 gloss: I.V.IR-come.up.from.underwater
B: word: mag-tunga	 gloss: I.IR-come.up.from.underwater
C: word: babaw	 gloss: shallow
D: word: na-seddep-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-go.in.small.space-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A