cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Anduni ___ en bļangay ya en.
Gloss (with missing item): now/today ___ CM 2.masted.boat DEF.F CM
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Now the boat (must have) passed by.’ (Or ‘Now the boat most-likely/feasibly/predictably has passed by.’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The prefix ka- also has an inferential\is{inferential} usage. In the context of example \REF{bkm:Ref447986985}, a fish sees a ship coming and tells all the other fish to hide. After the fish have hidden, example \REF{bkm:Ref447986985} occurs, expressing the inference that the boat most likely has passed by. In the sentence after that, the fish all look up and see that the boat in fact is moving away fast. An enablement interpretation of \REF{bkm:Ref447986985} is excluded by native speakers. In this context, the speaker (the fish) infers that the situation expressed by the root is true because of the external fact that much time has passed.
A: word: ka-lambay	 gloss: I.HAP-pass.by
B: word: na-demdem-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-remember-APL
C: word: ga-ligad	 gloss: I.R-pass.by
D: word: ga-lambay	 gloss: I.R-pass.by
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Anduni ___ en bļangay ya en.
Gloss (with missing item): now/today ___ CM 2.masted.boat DEF.F CM
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Now the boat (must have) passed by.’ (Or ‘Now the boat most-likely/feasibly/predictably has passed by.’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The prefix ka- also has an inferential\is{inferential} usage. In the context of example \REF{bkm:Ref447986985}, a fish sees a ship coming and tells all the other fish to hide. After the fish have hidden, example \REF{bkm:Ref447986985} occurs, expressing the inference that the boat most likely has passed by. In the sentence after that, the fish all look up and see that the boat in fact is moving away fast. An enablement interpretation of \REF{bkm:Ref447986985} is excluded by native speakers. In this context, the speaker (the fish) infers that the situation expressed by the root is true because of the external fact that much time has passed.
A: word: ga-ligad	 gloss: I.R-pass.by
B: word: ga-lambay	 gloss: I.R-pass.by
C: word: ka-lambay	 gloss: I.HAP-pass.by
D: word: maka-kita	 gloss: I.HAP.IR-see
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Bata din na Pedro naan ta Puerto ___ ta sakit na kamatayen ta iya na palangga na tatay.
Gloss (with missing item): child 3S.GEN LK Pedro SPAT.DEF NABS Puerto ___ NABS painful LK death NABS 3S.GEN LK love LK father
The English translation of this sentence is:`His son Pedro in Puerto must have heard the news about the painful death of his beloved father.’ (Or most-likely/feasibly/predictably he has heard the news…)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the narrative from which \REF{bkm:Ref396802277} is extracted, Pedro’s father was killed, and since Pedro is the son, of course he had heard about it. This is clearly inferential modality rather than abilitative.
A: word: ka-bati	 gloss: I.HAP-hear.news
B: word: na-bui	 gloss: A.HAP.R-live
C: word: ka-bata-an	 gloss: NR-child-NR
D: word: ka-subbad	 gloss: I.HAP-catch.fish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 65:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Indi no imo ___ mga blawan an Pedro?
Gloss (with missing item): where 2S.ERG EMPH ___ PL gold DEF.M Pedro
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Where did you get the gold, Pedro!?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is clear that this omission of prefixes is “optional” for two reasons. First, such omission never results in ambiguity—speakers are always able to supply the missing form based on contextual factors. Second, sometimes inflectional prefixes do appear in these contexts, with no apparent variation in meaning. A full discourse study may be needed to determine whether there is a consistent pattern as to when prefixes are omitted versus when they are retained. Since most of the examples in this grammar are from natural texts, many have omitted prefixes. We have not edited or flagged these in any way, unless the omission is important to the point being illustrated in the example. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref119307770} and \REF{bkm:Ref119307774} illustrate affix omission, with the ellipsis character (…) in place of the omitted affix:
A: word: kamang-en	 gloss: get-T.IR
B: word: …-kamang-a	 gloss: T.R-get-XC
C: word: pa-dawat-a	 gloss: T.R-hand.to-XC
D: word: naka-bantaw	 gloss: I.HAP.R-look.far.away
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 66:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ din iya na bata naan ta iran na baļay.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3S.ERG 3S.GEN LK child SPAT.DEF NABS 3P.GEN LK house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She took her child to their house.’ (Her child had died, so she carried her back to their house.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following examples illustrate the root, dala, ‘take/carry’, both with \REF{bkm:Ref394992438} and without \REF{bkm:Ref394992440} the overt transitive realis prefix. The argument structure frame (Actor-ergative and Undergoer-absolutive) makes it clear that both examples are transitive, and the contexts make it clear that both are realis:
A: word: u-yi	 gloss: EMPH-D1ADJ
B: word: ma-dakep	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-catch
C: word: pa-daļa	 gloss: T.R-bring/take
D: word: na-daļa	 gloss: A.HAP.R-take/carry
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C