cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Daw bagnes en isya na nanay kinangļan kanen ___ ta gulay daw mag-inem kanen ta bitamina agod daw m-gwa bata an biskeg iya na lawa daw madyo ta masakit.
Gloss (with missing item): if/when pregnant CM one LK mother need 3S.ABS ___ NABS vegetables and I.IR-drink 3S.ABS NABS vitamins so.that if/when I.V.IR-go.out child DEF.M strong 3S.GEN LK body and far NABS sick
The English translation of this sentence is:`When a mother is pregnant she should eat vegetables and take (lit. drink) vitamins so that when the baby comes out, his/her body is strong and (s/he) is far from sickness.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{bkm:Ref392932169} the prefix mag{}- is used twice on minority class verbs in grammatically intransitive constructions, and the prefix m{}- is used once on a minority class verb. In this example, the verbs with mag{}- describe situations that that may or may not happen (\isi{deontic modality} in this case, signaled by the adverbial kinangļan), whereas the verb with m{}- describes the much more inevitable event that the baby will come out.
A: word: maka-kaan	 gloss: I.HAP.IR-eat
B: word: ga-ng-tampara	 gloss: I.R-PL-goggles
C: word: pag-kaan	 gloss: NR.ACT-eat
D: word: mag-kaan	 gloss: I.IR-eat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Daw bagnes en isya na nanay kinangļan kanen mag-kaan ta gulay daw ___ kanen ta bitamina agod daw m-gwa bata an biskeg iya na lawa daw madyo ta masakit.
Gloss (with missing item): if/when pregnant CM one LK mother need 3S.ABS I.IR-eat NABS vegetables and ___ 3S.ABS NABS vitamins so.that if/when I.V.IR-go.out child DEF.M strong 3S.GEN LK body and far NABS sick
The English translation of this sentence is:`When a mother is pregnant she should eat vegetables and take (lit. drink) vitamins so that when the baby comes out, his/her body is strong and (s/he) is far from sickness.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{bkm:Ref392932169} the prefix mag{}- is used twice on minority class verbs in grammatically intransitive constructions, and the prefix m{}- is used once on a minority class verb. In this example, the verbs with mag{}- describe situations that that may or may not happen (\isi{deontic modality} in this case, signaled by the adverbial kinangļan), whereas the verb with m{}- describes the much more inevitable event that the baby will come out.
A: word: mag-kaan	 gloss: I.IR-eat
B: word: m-gwa	 gloss: I.V.IR-go.out
C: word: mag-inem	 gloss: I.IR-drink
D: word: mag-saļep	 gloss: I.IR-sunset
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Daw bagnes en isya na nanay kinangļan kanen mag-kaan ta gulay daw mag-inem kanen ta bitamina agod daw ___ bata an biskeg iya na lawa daw madyo ta masakit.
Gloss (with missing item): if/when pregnant CM one LK mother need 3S.ABS I.IR-eat NABS vegetables and I.IR-drink 3S.ABS NABS vitamins so.that if/when ___ child DEF.M strong 3S.GEN LK body and far NABS sick
The English translation of this sentence is:`When a mother is pregnant she should eat vegetables and take (lit. drink) vitamins so that when the baby comes out, his/her body is strong and (s/he) is far from sickness.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{bkm:Ref392932169} the prefix mag{}- is used twice on minority class verbs in grammatically intransitive constructions, and the prefix m{}- is used once on a minority class verb. In this example, the verbs with mag{}- describe situations that that may or may not happen (\isi{deontic modality} in this case, signaled by the adverbial kinangļan), whereas the verb with m{}- describes the much more inevitable event that the baby will come out.
A: word: ga-ng-tampara	 gloss: I.R-PL-goggles
B: word: m-gwa	 gloss: I.V.IR-go.out
C: word: gwapa	 gloss: attractive
D: word: m-iling	 gloss: I.V.IR-go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ti ___ din en bata-an ya tak ambaļ ta manakem ya, “∅-akid-an no bata-an no.
Gloss (with missing item): so ___ 3S.ERG CM child-NR DEF.F because say NABS older DEF.F T.IR-serve.food-APL 2S.ERG child-NR 2S.GEN
The English translation of this sentence is:`So she served food to the children because the older woman said, “Serve food to your children.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Third, the minority class consists of two subclasses, Class VIa and Class VIIb. Class VIIa roots may or may not take an applicative suffix in a grammatically transitive frame, while Class VIIb roots always take an applicative suffix in a grammatically transitive frame. Semantically, Class VIIa consists mostly of verbs of transfer, for example the first bolded verb in \REF{bkm:Ref119939353}, while Class VIIb consists of verbs that always take an applicative suffix in their basic, transitive form (\ref{ex:yourthings} and \ref{ex:yourschooling}). They may occur without the applicative, but only in a grammatically intransitive frame (i.e., detransitive constructions, see example \ref{bkm:Ref447101267} further below, and \chapref{chap:voice}, \sectref{sec:grammaticalrelations}). Semantically, Class VIIb verbs tend strongly to describe activities that involve superficial, incomplete, or invisible effect on the Patient.
A: word: pa-akid-an	 gloss: T.R-serve.food-APL
B: word: “∅-akid-an	 gloss: T.IR-serve.food-APL
C: word: ma-duwad	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-lose
D: word: mag-pa-ilis	 gloss: I.IR-CAUS-shallow.sea
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ti pa-akid-an din en bata-an ya tak ambaļ ta manakem ya, ___ no bata-an no.
Gloss (with missing item): so T.R-serve.food-APL 3S.ERG CM child-NR DEF.F because say NABS older DEF.F ___ 2S.ERG child-NR 2S.GEN
The English translation of this sentence is:`So she served food to the children because the older woman said, “Serve food to your children.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Third, the minority class consists of two subclasses, Class VIa and Class VIIb. Class VIIa roots may or may not take an applicative suffix in a grammatically transitive frame, while Class VIIb roots always take an applicative suffix in a grammatically transitive frame. Semantically, Class VIIa consists mostly of verbs of transfer, for example the first bolded verb in \REF{bkm:Ref119939353}, while Class VIIb consists of verbs that always take an applicative suffix in their basic, transitive form (\ref{ex:yourthings} and \ref{ex:yourschooling}). They may occur without the applicative, but only in a grammatically intransitive frame (i.e., detransitive constructions, see example \ref{bkm:Ref447101267} further below, and \chapref{chap:voice}, \sectref{sec:grammaticalrelations}). Semantically, Class VIIb verbs tend strongly to describe activities that involve superficial, incomplete, or invisible effect on the Patient.
A: word: “∅-akid-an	 gloss: T.IR-serve.food-APL
B: word: pa-akid-an	 gloss: T.R-serve-APL
C: word: ka-bati	 gloss: I.HAP-hear.news
D: word: ∅-luto-an	 gloss: T.IR-cook-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ti ___ din en bata-an ya tak ambaļ ta manakem ya, “∅-akid-an no bata-an no.
Gloss (with missing item): so ___ 3S.ERG CM child-NR DEF.F because say NABS older DEF.F T.IR-serve.food-APL 2S.ERG child-NR 2S.GEN
The English translation of this sentence is:`So she served food to the children because the older woman said, “Serve food to your children.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As mentioned above, for Class VI roots, the applicative -an overrides -en/-on, thus leaving “zero” (a conspicuous absence of affixation) as the indicator of the transitive, irrealis inflection (see \chapref{chap:stemformingprocesses}, \sectref{sec:applicative-an} for further discussion). Thus the applicative suffix forms a stem that belongs to Class VII. This makes some semantic sense since the applicative indicates a superficially, invisibly or partially affected Undergoer (see \chapref{chap:voice}, \sectref{sec:applicativevoice}), and most verbs in Class VII also involve less than fully affected Patients as Undergoers (see \tabref{tab:rootsthattaketwodistincttransitiveirrealisinflections-1} in \chapref{chap:verbclasses-1}). Example \REF{bkm:Ref447101267} illustrates the Class VII root akid, ‘to serve food’, in the basic transitive form (realis modality), and in the irrealis detransitive form:
A: word: kalilawan	 gloss: Philippine.oriole
B: word: “∅-akid-an	 gloss: T.IR-serve.food-APL
C: word: ga-ng-tampara	 gloss: I.R-PL-goggles
D: word: pa-akid-an	 gloss: T.R-serve.food-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ti pa-akid-an din en bata-an ya tak ambaļ ta manakem ya, ___ no bata-an no.
Gloss (with missing item): so T.R-serve.food-APL 3S.ERG CM child-NR DEF.F because say NABS older DEF.F ___ 2S.ERG child-NR 2S.GEN
The English translation of this sentence is:`So she served food to the children because the older woman said, “Serve food to your children.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As mentioned above, for Class VI roots, the applicative -an overrides -en/-on, thus leaving “zero” (a conspicuous absence of affixation) as the indicator of the transitive, irrealis inflection (see \chapref{chap:stemformingprocesses}, \sectref{sec:applicative-an} for further discussion). Thus the applicative suffix forms a stem that belongs to Class VII. This makes some semantic sense since the applicative indicates a superficially, invisibly or partially affected Undergoer (see \chapref{chap:voice}, \sectref{sec:applicativevoice}), and most verbs in Class VII also involve less than fully affected Patients as Undergoers (see \tabref{tab:rootsthattaketwodistincttransitiveirrealisinflections-1} in \chapref{chap:verbclasses-1}). Example \REF{bkm:Ref447101267} illustrates the Class VII root akid, ‘to serve food’, in the basic transitive form (realis modality), and in the irrealis detransitive form:
A: word: ∅-luto-an	 gloss: T.IR-cook-APL
B: word: “∅-akid-an	 gloss: T.IR-serve.food-APL
C: word: pa-akid-an	 gloss: T.R-serve-APL
D: word: na-sugat	 gloss: A.HAP.R-meet
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ din arey din Lisga.\footnotemark{}
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3S.ERG friend 3S.GEN fire.ant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘S/he remembered his friend Fire Ant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that -an itself cannot be the marker of the transitive, irrealis inflection because it also occurs in realis contexts (see \ref{bkm:Ref120012965} and many other examples thoughout this grammar). On the other hand, “zero” as a marker of transitive, irrealis inflection is independently attested for a large lexical class of roots (Class VII, see \chapref{chap:verbclasses-1}, \tabref{tab:rootsthattaketwodistincttransitiveirrealisinflections-1}).
A: word: ka-bata-an	 gloss: NR-child-NR
B: word: na-demdem-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-remember-APL
C: word: ma-demdem-an	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-remember-APL
D: word: …-kamang-a	 gloss: T.R-get-XC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): M-kamang a ta mga tellek daw ___ ko naan ta lawa ta saging aged dili ka ka-panaog.
Gloss (with missing item): I.V.IR-get 1S.ABS NABS PL thorn and ___ 1S.ERG SPAT.DEF NABS body NABS banana so.that NEG.IR 2S.ABS I.HAP-come.down
The English translation of this sentence is:`I need to get some thorns and put (them) on the trunk of the banana plant so that you can’t come down.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All Class VII roots (mostly verbs of transfer) may occur with the i{}- with the same deontic meaning illustrated above. The following are some examples from the corpus. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref447005121} and \REF{bkm:Ref119941404} illustrate the verb batang ‘to put X somewhere’. In example \REF{bkm:Ref447005121} the same root occurs in the unmarked transitive irrealis form meaning ‘will place the liver (absolutive) of the chick on the diaphragm of the person who is sick’ and in \REF{bkm:Ref119941404} it occurs with the i{}- prefix meaning ‘I must put the thorns (absolutive) on the banana plant.’
A: word: na-adlek	 gloss: A.HAP.R-afraid
B: word: bata	 gloss: child
C: word: ibatang	 gloss: T.DEON-put
D: word: i-pa-kilala	 gloss: T.DEON-CAUS-know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): M-kamang a ta mga tellek daw ___ ko naan ta lawa ta saging aged dili ka ka-panaog.
Gloss (with missing item): I.V.IR-get 1S.ABS NABS PL thorn and ___ 1S.ERG SPAT.DEF NABS body NABS banana so.that NEG.IR 2S.ABS I.HAP-come.down
The English translation of this sentence is:`I need to get some thorns and put (them) on the trunk of the banana plant so that you can’t come down.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All Class VII roots (mostly verbs of transfer) may occur with the i{}- with the same deontic meaning illustrated above. The following are some examples from the corpus. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref447005121} and \REF{bkm:Ref119941404} illustrate the verb batang ‘to put X somewhere’. In example \REF{bkm:Ref447005121} the same root occurs in the unmarked transitive irrealis form meaning ‘will place the liver (absolutive) of the chick on the diaphragm of the person who is sick’ and in \REF{bkm:Ref119941404} it occurs with the i{}- prefix meaning ‘I must put the thorns (absolutive) on the banana plant.’
A: word: ibatang	 gloss: T.DEON-put
B: word: i-pa-kilala	 gloss: T.DEON-CAUS-know
C: word: bata	 gloss: child
D: word: maka-singngot	 gloss: I.HAP.IR-smell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): M-kamang a ta mga tellek daw ___ ko naan ta lawa ta saging aged dili ka ka-panaog.
Gloss (with missing item): I.V.IR-get 1S.ABS NABS PL thorn and ___ 1S.ERG SPAT.DEF NABS body NABS banana so.that NEG.IR 2S.ABS I.HAP-come.down
The English translation of this sentence is:`I need to get some thorns and put (them) on the trunk of the banana plant so that you can’t come down.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The implication in \REF{bkm:Ref119941404} is that the speaker is compelled by the need to prevent the addressee from climbing down the banana plant.
A: word: bata	 gloss: child
B: word: naka-sat-em	 gloss: I.HAP.R-comprehend
C: word: ibatang	 gloss: T.DEON-put
D: word: i-pa-kilala	 gloss: T.DEON-CAUS-know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko aļļo i na buat din.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1S.ERG pestle DEF.N LK make 3S.ERG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I will pound (something) with the pestle that s/he made.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref460145354} through \REF{bkm:Ref447269492} illustrate verbs that can occur with i- functioning in an applicative frame, in which case a deontic sense is possible, but not necessary. This function is not very productive, and only occurs with certain verbs that take -en as their basic, transitive irrealis form-mostly verbs that involve some special instrument. For example, the verb asod ‘to pound grain’ implies a specific instrument, aļļo ‘pestle’. For this and similar verbs, i- selects the instrument as the absolutive argument (instrumental voice-see \chapref{chap:voice}, \sectref{sec:instrumentalvoice}), though with \textit{{}-en} and the other transitive affixes, this verb selects the theme as the absolutive:
A: word: ga-apit	 gloss: I.R-stop.off
B: word: i-asod	 gloss: T.DEON-pound
C: word: pag-asod	 gloss: NR.ACT-pound
D: word: pakpak-en	 gloss: pound.on-T.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ a no ta kan-en.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1S.ABS 2S.ERG NABS rice
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Serve some rice for/to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref460145354} through \REF{bkm:Ref447269492} illustrate verbs that can occur with i- functioning in an applicative frame, in which case a deontic sense is possible, but not necessary. This function is not very productive, and only occurs with certain verbs that take -en as their basic, transitive irrealis form-mostly verbs that involve some special instrument. For example, the verb asod ‘to pound grain’ implies a specific instrument, aļļo ‘pestle’. For this and similar verbs, i- selects the instrument as the absolutive argument (instrumental voice-see \chapref{chap:voice}, \sectref{sec:instrumentalvoice}), though with \textit{{}-en} and the other transitive affixes, this verb selects the theme as the absolutive:
A: word: “∅-akid-an	 gloss: T.IR-serve.food-APL
B: word: pa-akid-an	 gloss: T.R-serve-APL
C: word: …-kamang-a	 gloss: T.R-get-XC
D: word: i-akid	 gloss: T.DEON.APL-serve.food
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ a no ta kan-en.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1S.ABS 2S.ERG NABS rice
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Serve some rice for/to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb akid also describes transfer (‘serve X to Y’). Therefore, for this verb, i{}- may also select a beneficiary/recipient as the absolutive argument, as illustrated in \REF{bkm:Ref447269492}:
A: word: i-akid	 gloss: T.DEON.APL-serve.food
B: word: ga-tambek	 gloss: I.R-fat/healthy
C: word: “∅-akid-an	 gloss: T.IR-serve.food-APL
D: word: pa-akid-an	 gloss: T.R-serve-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A