cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iya na pang-gubirno ta mga ittaw sikad gid na ___ usto.
Gloss (with missing item): 3S.GEN LK NR-governor NABS PL person very INT LK ___ well/right
The English translation of this sentence is:‘His governing of people was very much not right.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{bkm:Ref373243525} is a variation of \REF{bkm:Ref446664253}, in which the morpheme ___ is placed at the beginning of the predicate modifier. In this case, the meaning is ‘not very good’, that is, not as bad as in example \REF{bkm:Ref446664253}.
A: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
B: word: kwa	 gloss: what.do.you.call.it
C: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
D: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Manong, ___ en ittaw ya na pa-patay no?
Gloss (with missing item): older.brother ___ CM person DEF.F LK T.R-die 2P.ERG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Older brother, where now is the person you killed?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Normally indi means ‘its gloss ___?’ (“which location”) and the morpheme ___ means ‘which?’ But the morpheme ___ alone may express the idea of ‘its gloss ___’ also, since it may be a contraction of indi and dya ‘its gloss ___ there?’ In example \REF{bkm:Ref113884250}, the morpheme ___ is appropriately translated as ‘its gloss ___’, though the semantic similarity between ‘its gloss ___’ and ‘which’ is apparent in this case:
A: word: “indya	 gloss: where
B: word: m-pangamuyo	 gloss: I.V.IR-pray
C: word: lugar	 gloss: place
D: word: indya	 gloss: where
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ na manakem naan dya ga-tindeg an ta tumbuan an?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ LK older SPAT.DEF D4LOC I.R-stand SPAT.DEF NABS window DEF.M
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Who is the older person standing there at the window?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the na linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- the morpheme ___ na manakem ‘its gloss ___ older person’ and ino na lugar ‘what place.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} ino oras ‘what time’:
A: word: “ino	 gloss: what
B: word: kino	 gloss: who
C: word: ino	 gloss: what
D: word: ittaw	 gloss: person
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kino ___ manakem naan dya ga-tindeg an ta tumbuan an?
Gloss (with missing item): who ___ older SPAT.DEF D4LOC I.R-stand SPAT.DEF NABS window DEF.M
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Who is the older person standing there at the window?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the the morpheme ___ linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- kino the morpheme ___ mathe morpheme ___kem ‘who older person’ and ino the morpheme ___ lugar ‘what place.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} ino oras ‘what time’:
A: word: na-buong	 gloss: A.HAP.R-shatter
B: word: na	 gloss: LK
C: word: ara	 gloss: that’s.wrong
D: word: pa-bunaļ	 gloss: T.R-spank
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kino na ___ naan dya ga-tindeg an ta tumbuan an?
Gloss (with missing item): who LK ___ SPAT.DEF D4LOC I.R-stand SPAT.DEF NABS window DEF.M
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Who is the older person standing there at the window?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the na linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- kino na the morpheme ___ ‘who its gloss ___ person’ and ino na lugar ‘what place.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} ino oras ‘what time’:
A: word: king-manakem	 gloss: style/way-older
B: word: manong	 gloss: older.brother
C: word: manakem	 gloss: older
D: word: anay	 gloss: first/for.awhile
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ na lugar gina-betang-an\footnotemark{} ta tanan nang pa-kaan ta? Kasilyas.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ LK place T.R-put-APL NABS all only T.R-eat 1P.INCL.ERG restroom
The English translation of this sentence is:‘What is the place where all we eat is put? Restroom.’ (This is a riddle with the answer).
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the na linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- kthe morpheme ___ na manakem ‘who older person’ and the morpheme ___ na lugar ‘its gloss ___ place.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} the morpheme ___ oras ‘its gloss ___ time’:
A: word: inog	 gloss: ripe
B: word: ino	 gloss: what
C: word: inday	 gloss: I.don’t.know
D: word: betang	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ino ___ lugar gina-betang-an\footnotemark{} ta tanan nang pa-kaan ta? Kasilyas.
Gloss (with missing item): what ___ place T.R-put-APL NABS all only T.R-eat 1P.INCL.ERG restroom
The English translation of this sentence is:‘What is the place where all we eat is put? Restroom.’ (This is a riddle with the answer).
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the the morpheme ___ linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- kino the morpheme ___ mathe morpheme ___kem ‘who older person’ and ino the morpheme ___ lugar ‘what place.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} ino oras ‘what time’:
A: word: pa-bunaļ	 gloss: T.R-spank
B: word: na	 gloss: LK
C: word: na-buong	 gloss: A.HAP.R-shatter
D: word: manakem	 gloss: older
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ino na ___ gina-betang-an\footnotemark{} ta tanan nang pa-kaan ta? Kasilyas.
Gloss (with missing item): what LK ___ T.R-put-APL NABS all only T.R-eat 1P.INCL.ERG restroom
The English translation of this sentence is:‘What is the place where all we eat is put? Restroom.’ (This is a riddle with the answer).
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the na linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- kino na manakem ‘who older person’ and ino na the morpheme ___ ‘what its gloss ___.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} ino oras ‘what time’:
A: word: aaw	 gloss: oh.really
B: word: lugay	 gloss: long.time
C: word: lugar	 gloss: place
D: word: indi	 gloss: where
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ambaļ gid daen, ___ oras m-abot kaw di?”
Gloss (with missing item): say INT 3P.ERG ___ time/hour I.V.IR-arrive 2P.ABS D1LOC
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They enthusiastically said, “What time will you arrive here?”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the na linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- kino na manakem ‘who older person’ and ino na lugar ‘its gloss ___ place.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} ino oras ‘its gloss ___ time’:
A: word: “ino	 gloss: what
B: word: ma-imo	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-make
C: word: ino	 gloss: what
D: word: betang	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ambaļ gid daen, “Ino ___ m-abot kaw di?”
Gloss (with missing item): say INT 3P.ERG what ___ I.V.IR-arrive 2P.ABS D1LOC
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They enthusiastically said, “What time will you arrive here?”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronouns can be used as modifiers in questions with the na linker and a head noun, as in examples \REF{bkm:Ref113885505} and \REF{bkm:Ref113885509} {}- kino na manakem ‘who older person’ and ino na lugar ‘what place.’ In conversation the linker may drop as in example \REF{bkm:Ref113885512} ino the morpheme ___ ‘what time’:
A: word: time	 gloss: time
B: word: “ino	 gloss: what
C: word: oras	 gloss: time/hour
D: word: dikurasyon	 gloss: decoration
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ino-en no ya, patay ya en.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ what-T.IR 2S.ERG ATT dead DEF.F CM
The English translation of this sentence is:‘So, what will you do (with that), it is dead now?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interrogative pronoun ino ‘what’ can occur with verbal inflection (no other interrogative pronoun or adverb can be used in this way): gino/gaino ‘what did X do or what is X doing’, mag-ino ‘what will X do,’ paino/pino ‘what did its gloss ___meone do to X,’ inuon/nuon\footnote{The form inuon is its gloss ___metimes shortened to nuon. See example \REF{bkm:Ref118798909} below.} ‘what will its gloss ___meone do to X', nino/naino ‘what happened to X or what was its gloss ___meone able to do to X,’ maino ‘what will happen to X or what will its gloss ___meone be able to do to X’:
A: word: tak	 gloss: because
B: word: aged	 gloss: so.that
C: word: aro	 gloss: SURP
D: word: ta	 gloss: so
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kaw di tak m-pangamuyo ki.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2P.ABS D1LOC because I.V.IR-pray 1P.INCL.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Come here because let’s pray.’ (lit. You will come here because we will pray)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An irrealis construction with first person inclusive Actor may also be interpreted as cohortative mood\is{cohortative mood} (“lets VERB” in English), which is a kind of imperative. See the second verb in \REF{bkm:Ref113956604} and the following:
A: word: sellem	 gloss: morning
B: word: m-panaw	 gloss: I.V.IR-walk/go
C: word: mag-panaw	 gloss: I.IR-go/walk
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-panaw kaw di tak ___ ki.
Gloss (with missing item): I.V.IR-walk/go 2P.ABS D1LOC because ___ 1P.INCL.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Come here because let’s pray.’ (lit. You will come here because we will pray)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An irrealis construction with first person inclusive Actor may also be interpreted as cohortative mood\is{cohortative mood} (“lets VERB” in English), which is a kind of imperative. See the second verb in \REF{bkm:Ref113956604} and the following:
A: word: oras	 gloss: time/hour
B: word: pamilya	 gloss: family
C: word: m-pangamuyo	 gloss: I.V.IR-pray
D: word: ga-pangamuyo	 gloss: I.R-pray
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Daw ___ nang inta, mag-tinir ka anay mga darwa adlaw….
Gloss (with missing item): if/when ___ only/just OPT I.IR-stay 2S.ABS first/for.a.while PL two day/sun
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If it is possible, stay (here) for a while about two days…’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adverbs dapat ‘must’, kinangļan ‘necessary’, and inta ‘wish/ought/should’ add more force to a command. See example \ref{bkm:Ref113971261} above. In addition, the deontic transitive prefix i- on the verb can add more force, as in \REF{bkm:Ref118711236}. The following are additional examples of the use of these adverbs in imperatives. from the corpus:
A: word: ga-kwa	 gloss: I.R-whatchamacallit
B: word: ma-simba	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-worship
C: word: ga-imo	 gloss: I.R-do/make
D: word: ma-imo	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-make/do
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Daw ma-imo nang inta, mag-tinir ka ___ mga darwa adlaw….
Gloss (with missing item): if/when A.HAP.IR-make/do only/just OPT I.IR-stay 2S.ABS ___ PL two day/sun
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If it is possible, stay (here) for a while about two days…’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adverbs dapat ‘must’, kinangļan ‘necessary’, and inta ‘wish/ought/should’ add more force to a command. See example \ref{bkm:Ref113971261} above. In addition, the deontic transitive prefix i- on the verb can add more force, as in \REF{bkm:Ref118711236}. The following are additional examples of the use of these adverbs in imperatives. from the corpus:
A: word: anay	 gloss: first/for.a.while
B: word: oras	 gloss: time/hour
C: word: lugay	 gloss: long.time
D: word: nanay	 gloss: mother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yon na mga kaoy ___ ta i-tanem.
Gloss (with missing item): D3ADJ LK PL tree ___ 1P.INCL.ERG T.DEON-plant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Those trees we must plant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adverbs the morpheme ___ ‘must’, kinangļan ‘necessary’, and inta ‘wish/ought/its gloss ___’ add more force to a command. See example \ref{bkm:Ref113971261} above. In addition, the deontic transitive prefix i- on the verb can add more force, as in \REF{bkm:Ref118711236}. The following are additional examples of the use of these adverbs in imperatives. from the corpus:
A: word: piro	 gloss: but
B: word: lugar	 gloss: place
C: word: dapat	 gloss: should
D: word: apang	 gloss: but
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ga-panaw kay ta daļan, kagat ___ ta sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): LK I.R-walk/go 1P.EXCL.ABS NABS road bite ___ ERG scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When we were walking on the road, a/the scorpion bit (stung) me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Of the two core the morpheme ___rguments, A the morpheme ___nd O (see \chthe morpheme ___pref{chthe morpheme ___p:voice}, \sectref{sec:grthe morpheme ___mmthe morpheme ___ticthe morpheme ___lrelthe morpheme ___tions}), whichever one is higher (further to the left) on this hierthe morpheme ___rchy usuthe morpheme ___lly occurs first. This mthe morpheme ___y be considered the morpheme ___ word order direct/inverse construction \is{word order direct/inverse construction}(see \citethe morpheme ___lt{pthe morpheme ___yne1994} on \isi{Cebuthe morpheme ___no}). The direct form occurs when A the morpheme ___nd O the morpheme ___re equthe morpheme ___l on this hierthe morpheme ___rchy (exthe morpheme ___mple \ref{bkm:Ref113973502}), or when A outrthe morpheme ___nks O (exthe morpheme ___mple \ref{bkm:Ref113973505}). The inverse form occurs when O outrthe morpheme ___nks A (exthe morpheme ___mple \ref{bkm:Ref113973507}):
A: word: a	 gloss: 1S.ABS
B: word: “m-panaog”	 gloss: I.V.IR-go.down.stairs
C: word: aaw	 gloss: oh.really
D: word: baso	 gloss: glass
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ga-panaw kay ta daļan, kagat a ___ sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): LK I.R-walk/go 1P.EXCL.ABS NABS road bite 1S.ABS ___ scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When we were walking on the road, a/the scorpion bit (stung) me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Of the two core arguments, A and O (see \chapref{chap:voice}, \sectref{sec:grammaticalrelations}), whichever one is higher (further to the left) on this hierarchy usually occurs first. This may be considered a word order direct/inverse construction \is{word order direct/inverse construction}(see \citealt{payne1994} on \isi{Cebuano}). The direct form occurs when A and O are equal on this hierarchy (example \ref{bkm:Ref113973502}), or when A outranks O (example \ref{bkm:Ref113973505}). The inverse form occurs when O outranks A (example \ref{bkm:Ref113973507}):
A: word: aba	 gloss: wow
B: word: dļagan	 gloss: run
C: word: ta	 gloss: ERG
D: word: tak	 gloss: because
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C