cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pila kon bisis tilipuno-an danen piro ___ may ga-sabat.
Gloss (with missing item): few HSY times telephone-APL 3P.ERG but ___ EXT.IN I.R-answer
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A few times they telephoned (him/her) but no one answered.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adjunct adverb the morpheme ___ negates verbal clauses in realis moods (examples \ref{bkm:Ref446045407}--\ref{bkm:Ref373140065}). Like other preverbal adjunct adverbs, the morpheme ___ attracts second position adverbs and enclitics. In examples \REF{bkm:Ref230081554} and \REF{bkm:Ref80941165}, the ergative enclitic pronouns din and ko follow the morpheme ___. In example \REF{bkm:Ref80941209} both din and the referential expression kami i follow the morpheme ___:
A: word: buļan	 gloss: month/moon
B: word: ga-kwa	 gloss: I.R-whatchamacallit
C: word: uļa	 gloss: NEG.R
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pila kon bisis tilipuno-an danen piro uļa ___ ga-sabat.
Gloss (with missing item): few HSY times telephone-APL 3P.ERG but NEG.R ___ I.R-answer
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A few times they telephoned (him/her) but no one answered.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adjunct adverb uļa negates verbal clauses in realis moods (examples \ref{bkm:Ref446045407}--\ref{bkm:Ref373140065}). Like other preverbal adjunct adverbs, uļa attracts second position adverbs and enclitics. In examples \REF{bkm:Ref230081554} and \REF{bkm:Ref80941165}, the ergative enclitic pronouns din and ko follow uļa. In example \REF{bkm:Ref80941209} both din and the referential expression kami i follow uļa:
A: word: bata	 gloss: child
B: word: ummay	 gloss: unmilled.rice
C: word: may	 gloss: EXT.IN
D: word: “anen	 gloss: EXT.G
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mangngod din ya a ___ din gid ...-atag-i.
Gloss (with missing item): younger.sibling 3S.ERG DEF.F CTR ___ 3S.ERG INT T.R-give-XC.APL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘His younger sibling he did not give (him anything)!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adjunct adverb the morpheme ___ negates verbal clauses in realis moods (examples \ref{bkm:Ref446045407}--\ref{bkm:Ref373140065}). Like other preverbal adjunct adverbs, the morpheme ___ attracts second position adverbs and enclitics. In examples \REF{bkm:Ref230081554} and \REF{bkm:Ref80941165}, the ergative enclitic pronouns din and ko follow the morpheme ___. In example \REF{bkm:Ref80941209} both din and the referential expression kami i follow the morpheme ___:
A: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
B: word: buļan	 gloss: month/moon
C: word: uļa	 gloss: NEG.R
D: word: ino	 gloss: what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Salamat nang man ta Dios tak ___ din kami i pa-tandeg-a.
Gloss (with missing item): thank only EMPH NABS God because ___ 3S.ERG 1P.EXCL.ABS DEF.N T.R-touch-XC
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Thanks to God also because he did not touch us!’ (This is a text about an attack by pirates.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adjunct adverb the morpheme ___ negates verbal clauses in realis moods (examples \ref{bkm:Ref446045407}--\ref{bkm:Ref373140065}). Like other preverbal adjunct adverbs, the morpheme ___ attracts second position adverbs and enclitics. In examples \REF{bkm:Ref230081554} and \REF{bkm:Ref80941165}, the ergative enclitic pronouns din and ko follow the morpheme ___. In example \REF{bkm:Ref80941209} both din and the referential expression kami i follow the morpheme ___:
A: word: uļa	 gloss: NEG.R
B: word: ara	 gloss: that’s.wrong
C: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
D: word: buļan	 gloss: month/moon
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Duma an ___ man ga-tanem ta guso.
Gloss (with missing item): some DEF.M ___ EMPH T.R-plant NABS seaweed
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Some do not really plant agar-agar seaweed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref80941234} through \REF{bkm:Ref373140065} illustrate various \isi{second-position adverbs} following the morpheme ___:
A: word: uļa	 gloss: NEG.R
B: word: buļan	 gloss: month/moon
C: word: din	 gloss: 3S.ERG
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pila kon bisis tilipuno-an danen piro ___ may ga-sabat.
Gloss (with missing item): few HSY times telephone-APL 3P.ERG but ___ EXT.IN I.R-answer
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A few times they telephoned (him/her) but no one answered.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref80941234} through \REF{bkm:Ref373140065} illustrate various \isi{second-position adverbs} following the morpheme ___:
A: word: indya	 gloss: where
B: word: buļan	 gloss: month/moon
C: word: uļa	 gloss: NEG.R
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pila kon bisis tilipuno-an danen piro uļa ___ ga-sabat.
Gloss (with missing item): few HSY times telephone-APL 3P.ERG but NEG.R ___ I.R-answer
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A few times they telephoned (him/her) but no one answered.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref80941234} through \REF{bkm:Ref373140065} illustrate various \isi{second-position adverbs} following uļa:
A: word: “anen	 gloss: EXT.G
B: word: inday	 gloss: I.don’t.know
C: word: ummay	 gloss: unmilled.rice
D: word: may	 gloss: EXT.IN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): daw balikid-en ko kanen ya, ___ ko man nya ma-kita
Gloss (with missing item): if/when look.back-T.IR 1S.ERG 3S.ABS DEF.F ___ 1S.ERG also D4ABS A.HAP.IR-see
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If I look back at him/her, I will not be able to see that one.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form the morpheme ___ negates all types of irrealis clauses (examples \ref{bkm:Ref373243062}{}-\ref{bkm:Ref446617639}):
A: word: anay	 gloss: first/for.awhile
B: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
C: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ambaļ ko, “Daw may tirador ka dyan ___ no tirador-en tak yan, yupan i, yan ga-tabyang ta ate na uma daw tanto na danen i maka-kaan ta luod.”
Gloss (with missing item): say 1S.ERG if/when EXT.IN slingshot 2S.ABS D2LOC ___ 2S.ERG slingshot-T.IR because D2ABS bird DEF.N D2ABS I.R-help NABS 1P.INCL.GEN LK field and reason.why LK 3P.ABS DEF.N I.HAP.IR-eat NABS worm
The English translation of this sentence is:`I said, “If you have a slingshot there, do not shoot (it) with the slingshot because that one, the bird, that one helps our fields and for the reason they can eat worms.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form the morpheme ___ negates all types of irrealis clauses (examples \ref{bkm:Ref373243062}{}-\ref{bkm:Ref446617639}):
A: word: yon	 gloss: D3ADJ
B: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
C: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
D: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ keļeng buok din an.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ curly shair 3S.GEN DEF.M
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Her hair is not curly.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form the morpheme ___ also negates predicate nominal and other \isi{non-verbal predicates}, except existentials (see the functions of uļa above). With non-verbal clauses the negative marker occurs before the Predicate, in both Predicate+Argument (exs. \ref{bkm:Ref80941751} through \ref{bkm:Ref80941878}) and Argument+Predicate structures (exs. \ref{bkm:Ref113700006} and \ref{bkm:Ref80941881}).
A: word: m-panaw	 gloss: I.V.IR-walk/go
B: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
C: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
D: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Isya din na mari a maļbaļ daw isya ya a ___ maļbaļ.
Gloss (with missing item): one 3SGEN LK godmother INJ witch and one DEF.F INJ ___ witch
The English translation of this sentence is:‘One of her godmothers is a witch and the (other) one is not a witch.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form the morpheme ___ also negates predicate nominal and other \isi{non-verbal predicates}, except existentials (see the functions of uļa above). With non-verbal clauses the negative marker occurs before the Predicate, in both Predicate+Argument (exs. \ref{bkm:Ref80941751} through \ref{bkm:Ref80941878}) and Argument+Predicate structures (exs. \ref{bkm:Ref113700006} and \ref{bkm:Ref80941881}).
A: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
B: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
C: word: kwa	 gloss: what.do.you.call.it
D: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Paryo ta m-sakay ta lunday, “m-panaog” ___ man igo.
Gloss (with missing item): like NABS I.V.IR-ride NABS outrigger.canoe I.V.IR-go.down.stairs ___ also right
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Like riding an outrigger canoe, “manaog” (going down stairs) is not right.’ (This is about the words makay ta lunday, which do not collocate with manaog ‘go down stairs’ because the verb should be mawas ‘disembark’.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form the morpheme ___ also negates predicate nominal and other \isi{non-verbal predicates}, except existentials (see the functions of uļa above). With non-verbal clauses the negative marker occurs before the Predicate, in both Predicate+Argument (exs. \ref{bkm:Ref80941751} through \ref{bkm:Ref80941878}) and Argument+Predicate structures (exs. \ref{bkm:Ref113700006} and \ref{bkm:Ref80941881}).
A: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
B: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
C: word: gani	 gloss: so
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dayon a ambaļ, “Pedro, ___ a lain na ittaw.”
Gloss (with missing item): right.away 1S.ABS say Pedro ___ 1S.ABS different LK person
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Right away I said, “Pedro, I am not a different/another person.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like other adjunct adverbs, the morpheme ___ attracts enclitic pronouns \REF{bkm:Ref446051860} and second-position adverbs\is{enclitics}(\ref{bkm:Ref373229895}).
A: word: kino	 gloss: who
B: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
C: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dayon a ambaļ, “Pedro, dili ___ lain na ittaw.”
Gloss (with missing item): right.away 1S.ABS say Pedro NEG.IR ___ different LK person
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Right away I said, “Pedro, I am not a different/another person.”'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like other the morpheme ___djunct the morpheme ___dverbs, dili the morpheme ___ttrthe morpheme ___cts enclitic pronouns \REF{bkm:Ref446051860} the morpheme ___nd second-position the morpheme ___dverbs\is{enclitics}(\ref{bkm:Ref373229895}).
A: word: ga-gisi	 gloss: I.R-tear
B: word: a	 gloss: 1S.ABS
C: word: baso	 gloss: glass
D: word: yaken	 gloss: 1s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yon buat nay kaysan piro ___ gid man pirmi.
Gloss (with missing item): D3ABS do/make 1P.EXCL.ERG sometimes but ___ INT EMPH always
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That is what we do sometimes but not really always.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \glt ‘We really do not always do like that.’ (elicited – a variation of example \ref{bkm:Ref118463113})
A: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
B: word: anay	 gloss: first/for.awhile
C: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
D: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A yan, ___ nang para ki kiten anduni.
Gloss (with missing item): INJ D2ABS ___ only for OBL.P 1P.INCL now/today
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(Expression of dismay) as for that, (it is) not just for us now/today.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \glt ‘Let’s plant trees \textbf{not just for us now/today}.’ (elicited, variation of \ref{bkm:Ref373356719})
A: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
B: word: kwa	 gloss: what.do.you.call.it
C: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
D: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iya na pang-gubirno ta mga ittaw sikad gid na ___ usto.
Gloss (with missing item): 3S.GEN LK NR-governor NABS PL person very INT LK ___ well/right
The English translation of this sentence is:‘His governing of people was very much not right.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: One constituent in an attributive clause can also be negated with the morpheme ___. In example \REF{bkm:Ref446664253} the meaning is that the governing is very bad:
A: word: ga-kwa	 gloss: I.R-whatchamacallit
B: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
C: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
D: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iya na pang-gubirno ta mga ittaw ___ sikad gid na usto.
Gloss (with missing item): 3S.GEN LK NR-governor NABS PL person ___ very INT LK well/right
The English translation of this sentence is:‘His governing of people was not really very right.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{bkm:Ref373243525} is a variation of \REF{bkm:Ref446664253}, in which the morpheme ___ is placed at the beginning of the predicate modifier. In this case, the meaning is ‘not very good’, that is, not as bad as in example \REF{bkm:Ref446664253}.
A: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
B: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
C: word: uļa	 gloss: NEG.R
D: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iya na pang-gubirno ta mga ittaw sikad gid na ___ usto.
Gloss (with missing item): 3S.GEN LK NR-governor NABS PL person very INT LK ___ well/right
The English translation of this sentence is:‘His governing of people was very much not right.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{bkm:Ref373243525} is a variation of \REF{bkm:Ref446664253}, in which the morpheme ___ is placed at the beginning of the predicate modifier. In this case, the meaning is ‘not very good’, that is, not as bad as in example \REF{bkm:Ref446664253}.
A: word: dilis	 gloss: anchovies
B: word: kwa	 gloss: what.do.you.call.it
C: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
D: word: ino-en	 gloss: what-T.IR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C