cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ga-panaw kay ta daļan, kagat ___ ta sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): LK I.R-walk/go 1P.EXCL.ABS NABS road bite ___ ERG scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When we were walking on the road, a/the scorpion bit (stung) me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When O outrthe morpheme ___nks A on the hierthe morpheme ___rchy, the O the morpheme ___ppethe morpheme ___rs first. In exthe morpheme ___mple \REF{bkm:Ref113973507} the 1\textsc{s.the morpheme ___bs} pronoun precedes the full RP referring to the ergthe morpheme ___tive constituent:
A: word: ka-tamad-én	 gloss: NR-lazy-NR
B: word: baso	 gloss: glass
C: word: a	 gloss: 1S.ABS
D: word: may	 gloss: EXT.IN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ga-panaw kay ta daļan, kagat a ___ sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): LK I.R-walk/go 1P.EXCL.ABS NABS road bite 1S.ABS ___ scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When we were walking on the road, a/the scorpion bit (stung) me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When O outranks A on the hierarchy, the O appears first. In example \REF{bkm:Ref113973507} the 1\textsc{s.abs} pronoun precedes the full RP referring to the ergative constituent:
A: word: m-panaw	 gloss: I.V.IR-walk/go
B: word: tak	 gloss: because
C: word: ma-lipat	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-forget
D: word: ta	 gloss: ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na-pattik-an ___ ko an ta sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): A.HAP.R-sting-APL ___ 1S.GEN DEF.M NABS scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A/The scorpion stung my child.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are no examples in the corpus of VOA order occurring when both core arguments are full RPs. However, such examples do occur in conversation, and speakers agree they are grammatically correct. A full discourse study of the function of VOA order in this circumstance would require a much larger corpus, since it is so rare. The following are perfectly grammatical elicited examples. Note that “my its gloss ___” \REF{bkm:Ref113974691} and “our house” \REF{bkm:Ref113974693}, though both in the grammatical function of O (undergoer), are likely to be more highly salient than the corresponding A arguments by virtue of being definite and possessed by the speaker. This may explain why these examples are easy to imagine, but again, a full discourse study would be needed to confirm or disconfirm this hypothesis.
A: word: bata-an	 gloss: child-NR
B: word: bata	 gloss: child
C: word: pandan	 gloss: pandan
D: word: ninyo	 gloss: Child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na-pattik-an bata ___ an ta sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): A.HAP.R-sting-APL child ___ DEF.M NABS scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A/The scorpion stung my child.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are no examples in the corpus of VOA order occurring when both core arguments are full RPs. However, such examples do occur in conversation, and speakers agree they are grammatically correct. A full discourse study of the function of VOA order in this circumstance would require a much larger corpus, since it is so rare. The following are perfectly grammatical elicited examples. Note that “my child” \REF{bkm:Ref113974691} and “our house” \REF{bkm:Ref113974693}, though both in the grammatical function of O (undergoer), are likely to be more highly salient than the corresponding A arguments by virtue of being definite and possessed by the speaker. This may explain why these examples are easy to imagine, but again, a full discourse study would be needed to confirm or disconfirm this hypothesis.
A: word: ko	 gloss: 1S.GEN
B: word: iya	 gloss: 3S.GEN
C: word: baļay	 gloss: house
D: word: bakod	 gloss: big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na-pattik-an bata ko ___ ta sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): A.HAP.R-sting-APL child 1S.GEN ___ NABS scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A/The scorpion stung my child.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are no examples in the corpus of VOA order occurring when both core arguments are full RPs. However, such examples do occur in conversation, the morpheme ___d speakers agree they are grammatically correct. A full discourse study of the function of VOA order in this circumstthe morpheme ___ce would require a much larger corpus, since it is so rare. The following are perfectly grammatical elicited examples. Note that “my child” \REF{bkm:Ref113974691} the morpheme ___d “our house” \REF{bkm:Ref113974693}, though both in the grammatical function of O (undergoer), are likely to be more highly salient ththe morpheme ___ the corresponding A arguments by virtue of being definite the morpheme ___d possessed by the speaker. This may explain why these examples are easy to imagine, but again, a full discourse study would be needed to confirm or disconfirm this hypothesis.
A: word: uļa	 gloss: NEG.R
B: word: ya"	 gloss: DEF.F
C: word: an	 gloss: DEF.M
D: word: nang	 gloss: only/just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na-pattik-an bata ko an ___ sitsipit.
Gloss (with missing item): A.HAP.R-sting-APL child 1S.GEN DEF.M ___ scorpion
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A/The scorpion stung my child.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are no examples in the corpus of VOA order occurring when both core arguments are full RPs. However, such examples do occur in conversation, and speakers agree they are grammatically correct. A full discourse study of the function of VOA order in this circumsthe morpheme ___nce would require a much larger corpus, since it is so rare. The following are perfectly grammatical elicited examples. Note that “my child” \REF{bkm:Ref113974691} and “our house” \REF{bkm:Ref113974693}, though both in the grammatical function of O (undergoer), are likely to be more highly salient than the corresponding A arguments by virtue of being definite and possessed by the speaker. This may explain why these examples are easy to imagine, but again, a full discourse study would be needed to confirm or disconfirm this hypothesis.
A: word: baļay	 gloss: house
B: word: nusa	 gloss: Nusa
C: word: ta	 gloss: NABS
D: word: tak	 gloss: because
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na-sunog ___ nay ya ta apoy.
Gloss (with missing item): A.HAP.R-burn ___ 1P.EXCL.GEN DEF.F NABS fire
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A/the fire burned our house.’ or ‘Our house was burned with fire.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are no examples in the corpus of VOA order occurring when both core arguments are full RPs. However, such examples do occur in conversation, and speakers agree they are grammatically correct. A full discourse study of the function of VOA order in this circumstance would require a much larger corpus, since it is so rare. The following are perfectly grammatical elicited examples. Note that “my child” \REF{bkm:Ref113974691} and “our its gloss ___” \REF{bkm:Ref113974693}, though both in the grammatical function of O (undergoer), are likely to be more highly salient than the corresponding A arguments by virtue of being definite and possessed by the speaker. This may explain why these examples are easy to imagine, but again, a full discourse study would be needed to confirm or disconfirm this hypothesis.
A: word: aroy	 gloss: ouch
B: word: munisipyo	 gloss: town.hall
C: word: baļas	 gloss: forest
D: word: baļay	 gloss: house
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na-sunog baļay nay ya ___ apoy.
Gloss (with missing item): A.HAP.R-burn house 1P.EXCL.GEN DEF.F ___ fire
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A/the fire burned our house.’ or ‘Our house was burned with fire.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are no examples in the corpus of VOA order occurring when both core arguments are full RPs. However, such examples do occur in conversation, and speakers agree they are grammatically correct. A full discourse study of the function of VOA order in this circumsthe morpheme ___nce would require a much larger corpus, since it is so rare. The following are perfectly grammatical elicited examples. Note that “my child” \REF{bkm:Ref113974691} and “our house” \REF{bkm:Ref113974693}, though both in the grammatical function of O (undergoer), are likely to be more highly salient than the corresponding A arguments by virtue of being definite and possessed by the speaker. This may explain why these examples are easy to imagine, but again, a full discourse study would be needed to confirm or disconfirm this hypothesis.
A: word: nusa	 gloss: Nusa
B: word: ta	 gloss: NABS
C: word: tak	 gloss: because
D: word: manakem	 gloss: older
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-ambaļ ___ yaken i na m-kuyog a.
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-say ___ 1S.ABS DEF.N LK I.V.IR-go.with 1S.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He told me that I will go with (him).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Though the above generalizations hold in the majority of situations, it is not uncommon for these patterns to vary for special emphasis or when the speaker is in some heightened emotional state. For example, when someone is frightened or excited by the content of the utterance, a marked word order may occur. With the marked word order, free emphatic absolutive pronouns occur instead of enclitic pronouns (see \chapref{chap:referringexpressions}, \sectref{sec:personalpronouns}). In example \REF{bkm:Ref447287658} the speaker was describing a very fearful time when in a dream a fairy was forcing her to go away with him. It is believed that such dreams can result in one’s death.
A: word: inday	 gloss: I.don’t.know
B: word: din…	 gloss: 3S.GEN
C: word: din	 gloss: 3S.ERG
D: word: nyo	 gloss: 2P.ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-ambaļ din ___ i na m-kuyog a.
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-say 3S.ERG ___ DEF.N LK I.V.IR-go.with 1S.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He told me that I will go with (him).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Though the above generalizations hold in the majority of situations, it is not uncommon for these patterns to vary for special emphasis or when the speaker is in some heightened emotional state. For example, when someone is frightened or excited by the content of the utterance, a marked word order may occur. With the marked word order, free emphatic absolutive pronouns occur instead of enclitic pronouns (see \chapref{chap:referringexpressions}, \sectref{sec:personalpronouns}). In example \REF{bkm:Ref447287658} the speaker was describing a very fearful time when in a dream a fairy was forcing her to go away with him. It is believed that such dreams can result in one’s death.
A: word: yaken	 gloss: 1S.ABS
B: word: may	 gloss: EXT.IN
C: word: nali	 gloss: abruptly
D: word: ake	 gloss: 1S.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-ambaļ din yaken ___ na m-kuyog a.
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-say 3S.ERG 1S.ABS ___ LK I.V.IR-go.with 1S.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He told me that I will go with (him).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Though the above generalthe morpheme ___zatthe morpheme ___ons hold the morpheme ___n the majorthe morpheme ___ty of sthe morpheme ___tuatthe morpheme ___ons, the morpheme ___t the morpheme ___s not uncommon for these patterns to vary for specthe morpheme ___al emphasthe morpheme ___s or when the speaker the morpheme ___s the morpheme ___n some hethe morpheme ___ghtened emotthe morpheme ___onal state. For example, when someone the morpheme ___s frthe morpheme ___ghtened or excthe morpheme ___ted by the content of the utterance, a marked word order may occur. Wthe morpheme ___th the marked word order, free emphatthe morpheme ___c absolutthe morpheme ___ve pronouns occur the morpheme ___nstead of enclthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___c pronouns (see \chapref{chap:referrthe morpheme ___ngexpressthe morpheme ___ons}, \sectref{sec:personalpronouns}). In example \REF{bkm:Ref447287658} the speaker was descrthe morpheme ___bthe morpheme ___ng a very fearful tthe morpheme ___me when the morpheme ___n a dream a fathe morpheme ___ry was forcthe morpheme ___ng her to go away wthe morpheme ___th hthe morpheme ___m. It the morpheme ___s belthe morpheme ___eved that such dreams can result the morpheme ___n one’s death.
A: word: din	 gloss: 3S.ERG
B: word: m-ambaļ	 gloss: I.V.IR-say
C: word: tiset	 gloss: small
D: word: i	 gloss: DEF.N
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-ambaļ ___ yaken i na m-kuyog a.
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-say ___ 1S.ABS DEF.N LK I.V.IR-go.with 1S.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He told me that I will go with (him).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use of the emphatic pronoun, and the unusual word order in \REF{bkm:Ref447287658} signals that the speaker was strongly affected emotionally by this frightening event.
A: word: din…	 gloss: 3S.GEN
B: word: bata	 gloss: child
C: word: din	 gloss: 3S.ERG
D: word: nyo	 gloss: 2P.ERG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-ambaļ din ___ i na m-kuyog a.
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-say 3S.ERG ___ DEF.N LK I.V.IR-go.with 1S.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He told me that I will go with (him).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use of the emphatic pronoun, and the unusual word order in \REF{bkm:Ref447287658} signals that the speaker was strongly affected emotionally by this frightening event.
A: word: yaken	 gloss: 1S.ABS
B: word: dili	 gloss: NEG.IR
C: word: ake	 gloss: 1S.GEN
D: word: pinggan	 gloss: dish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-ambaļ din yaken ___ na m-kuyog a.
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-say 3S.ERG 1S.ABS ___ LK I.V.IR-go.with 1S.ABS
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He told me that I will go with (him).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use of the emphatthe morpheme ___c pronoun, and the unusual word order the morpheme ___n \REF{bkm:Ref447287658} sthe morpheme ___gnals that the speaker was strongly affected emotthe morpheme ___onally by ththe morpheme ___s frthe morpheme ___ghtenthe morpheme ___ng event.
A: word: ara	 gloss: that’s.wrong
B: word: tiset	 gloss: small
C: word: i	 gloss: DEF.N
D: word: pa-atag-an	 gloss: T.R-give-APL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ isya man na pag-pati ta mga inay na ga-bagnes.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ one also LK NR.ACT-believe NABS PL mother LK I.R-pregnant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That, it is another belief of mothers who are pregnant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fronted RPs also mark sentences that summarize themes. These summaries occur at the ends of paragraphs, sections, and texts. Example \REF{bkm:Ref372876159} is from the eclipse text. It is the last sentence in a paragraph explaining the belief that a pregnant woman should not look at an eclipse. Here the deictic the morpheme ___ ‘that’ is the fronted RP.
A: word: nya	 gloss: D4ABS
B: word: m-panaw	 gloss: I.V.IR-walk/go
C: word: tubuyong	 gloss: manioc.flour
D: word: yon	 gloss: D3ABS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ isya man na pag-pati ta mga inay na ga-bagnes.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ one also LK NR.ACT-believe NABS PL mother LK I.R-pregnant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That, it is another belief of mothers who are pregnant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: One might argue that \REF{bkm:Ref372876159} is a cleft construction; however, fronted RP constructions and cleft constructions differ in two ways. First, fronted RPs are always followed by a phonological pause (as indicated by the comma in \ref{bkm:Ref372876159}), while head RPs of cleft constructions are never followed by a pause. Second, in cleft constructions, the head RP is the absolutive of a following nominalized clause (see \sectref{sec:cleftconstructions} below), whereas the clause that follows a fronted RP is not necessarily nominalized. The following are some additional examples of fronted RPs from the corpus.
A: word: yon	 gloss: D3ABS
B: word: nya	 gloss: D4ABS
C: word: tubuyong	 gloss: manioc.flour
D: word: m-panaw	 gloss: I.V.IR-walk/go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A