cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-nina din lawa ___ an.
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-wound 3S.ERG body ___ DEF.M
The English translation of this sentence is:‘S/he wounded him/herself.’ (lit. ’S/he wounded her/his own body.’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: pa-panno-an	 gloss: T.R-fill-APL
B: word: din	 gloss: 3S.GEN
C: word: iran	 gloss: 3P.GEN
D: word: din…	 gloss: 3S.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nang na kaugalingen isip ya danen.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ only LK self think DEF.F 3P.ERG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Themselves only is what they think about.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: granada	 gloss: grenade
B: word: iran	 gloss: 3P.GEN
C: word: pa-ibit-an	 gloss: T.R-hold-APL
D: word: iya	 gloss: 3S.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iran ___ na kaugalingen isip ya danen.
Gloss (with missing item): 3P.GEN ___ LK self think DEF.F 3P.ERG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Themselves only is what they think about.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: manang	 gloss: older.sister
B: word: pa-garay-an	 gloss: T.R-chant-APL
C: word: nang	 gloss: only
D: word: sitaw	 gloss: yardlong.bean
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iran nang ___ kaugalingen isip ya danen.
Gloss (with missing item): 3P.GEN only ___ self think DEF.F 3P.ERG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Themselves only is what they think about.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: na	 gloss: LK
B: word: ake	 gloss: 1S.GEN
C: word: pa-bunaļ	 gloss: T.R-spank
D: word: na-buong	 gloss: A.HAP.R-shatter
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Iran nang na ___ isip ya danen.
Gloss (with missing item): 3P.GEN only LK ___ think DEF.F 3P.ERG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Themselves only is what they think about.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: ittaw	 gloss: person
B: word: kaugalingen	 gloss: self
C: word: mag-pa-sagod	 gloss: I.IR-CAUS-take.care
D: word: ugaling	 gloss: however
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Piro gusto ko gid anay i-pa-kilala ko ___ na kaugalingen.
Gloss (with missing item): but want 1S.ERG INT first/for.awhile T.DEON-CAUS-know 1S.ERG ___ LK self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘But I really want to first have to introduce myself.’ (kilala is code switching from \isi{Tagalog}.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: pa-panno-an	 gloss: T.R-fill-APL
B: word: iya	 gloss: 3S.GEN
C: word: yaken	 gloss: 1s
D: word: ake	 gloss: 1S.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Piro gusto ko gid anay i-pa-kilala ko ake ___ kaugalingen.
Gloss (with missing item): but want 1S.ERG INT first/for.awhile T.DEON-CAUS-know 1S.ERG 1S.GEN ___ self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘But I really want to first have to introduce myself.’ (kilala is code switching from \isi{Tagalog}.)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: pa-bunaļ	 gloss: T.R-spank
B: word: na	 gloss: LK
C: word: sayaw-ay	 gloss: dance-REC
D: word: na-buong	 gloss: A.HAP.R-shatter
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ga-ugas kanen ta ___ din.
Gloss (with missing item): I.R-wash 3S.ABS NABS ___ 3S.GEN
The English translation of this sentence is:‘S/he washed her/himself.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: ittaw	 gloss: person
B: word: kaugalingen	 gloss: self
C: word: ga-tubang-ay	 gloss: I.R-facing-REC
D: word: ugaling	 gloss: however
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dili ka gid dyan mag-pa-baya ta ___ na kaugalingen.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG,IR 2S.ABS INT D4LOC I.IR-CAUS-ignore NABS ___ LK self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Do not just ignore yourself there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: imo	 gloss: 2S.GEN
B: word: ga-pudpod	 gloss: I.R-crumble.into.powder
C: word: ma-imo	 gloss: A.HAP.IR-make
D: word: na-patay	 gloss: A.HAP.R-dead
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dili ka gid dyan mag-pa-baya ta imo ___ kaugalingen.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG,IR 2S.ABS INT D4LOC I.IR-CAUS-ignore NABS 2S.GEN ___ self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Do not just ignore yourself there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617763} and \REF{bkm:Ref118618251}-\REF{bkm:Ref118618196} show that ergative case Actors may antecede absolutive case reflexive RPs. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref118617766} and \REF{bkm:Ref501865097} illustrate that an absolutive Actor (ka ‘you’) may be the antecedent for a reflexive Referring Phrase in a detransitive construction:
A: word: ga-pa-luko	 gloss: I.R-CAUS-trick
B: word: na-buong	 gloss: A.HAP.R-shatter
C: word: pa-bunaļ	 gloss: T.R-spank
D: word: na	 gloss: LK
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dimalas na ___ danen i naan ta Puerto.
Gloss (with missing item): bad.luck LK ___ 3P.ABS DEF.N SPAT.DEF NABS Puerto
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(It was) bad luck that they met each other in Puerto.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref414723974} through \REF{bkm:Ref414775243} illustrate several prototypical examples of the reciprocal suffixes from the text corpus. Following this, some extended usages are described. A prototypical reciprocal construction involves an inherently transitive verb in a grammatically intransitive construction, with a reciprocal suffix on the verb and an Actor understood or explicited expressed as plural. The plural Actor may appear as a plural pronoun (\ref{bkm:Ref414723974}) or full RP (\ref{bkm:Ref414775363}):
A: word: na-sugat	 gloss: A.HAP.R-meet
B: word: “mag-pa-kita	 gloss: I.IR-CAUS-see
C: word: ga-sugat-ay	 gloss: I.R-meet-REC
D: word: pag-suļat	 gloss: NR.ACT-write
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pa-ambaļ na tangkeb-an, sura din, may darwa na bato na ___ na may kulor na ga-inog-inog.\footnotemark{}
Gloss (with missing item): T.R-say LK close-NR looks 3S.GEN EXT.IN two LK rock LK ___ LK EXT.IN color LK I.R-RED-red
The English translation of this sentence is:`What is called tangkeban, it looks like two rocks that have a reddish color facing each other.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref414723974} through \REF{bkm:Ref414775243} illustrate several prototypical examples of the reciprocal suffixes from the text corpus. Following this, some extended usages are described. A prototypical reciprocal construction involves an inherently transitive verb in a grammatically intransitive construction, with a reciprocal suffix on the verb and an Actor understood or explicited expressed as plural. The plural Actor may appear as a plural pronoun (\ref{bkm:Ref414723974}) or full RP (\ref{bkm:Ref414775363}):
A: word: ga-tubang-ay	 gloss: I.R-facing-REC
B: word: ma-tabang-an	 gloss: HAP.IR-help-APL
C: word: ga-kita-ay	 gloss: I.R-see-REC
D: word: basa-ay	 gloss: read-REC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dimalas na ___ danen i naan ta Puerto.
Gloss (with missing item): bad.luck LK ___ 3P.ABS DEF.N SPAT.DEF NABS Puerto
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(It was) bad luck that they met each other in Puerto.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref414723974} through \REF{bkm:Ref414775243} illustrate several prototypical examples of the reciprocal suffixes from the text corpus. Following this, some extended usages are described. A prototypical reciprocal construction involves an inherently transitive verb in a grammatically intransitive construction, with a reciprocal suffix on the verb and an Actor understood or explicited expressed as plural. The plural Actor may appear as a plural pronoun (\ref{bkm:Ref414723974}) or full RP (\ref{bkm:Ref414775363}):
A: word: pa-ibit-an	 gloss: T.R-hold-APL
B: word: ga-sugat-ay	 gloss: I.R-meet-REC
C: word: din…	 gloss: 3S.GEN
D: word: na-sugat	 gloss: A.HAP.R-meet
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ danen na tama en na mga umang, pa-sugid-an en na kanen an daw Pwikan kisyem sellem mag-lumba-ay dļagan.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3P.ABS LK many CM LK PL hermit.crab T.R-tell-APL CM LK 3S.ABS DEF.M and sea.turtle tomorrow morning I.IR-race-REC run
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he and many hermit crabs met, (he) told (them) that he and Sea-turtle tomorrow morning would race each other running.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref414723974} through \REF{bkm:Ref414775243} illustrate several prototypical examples of the reciprocal suffixes from the text corpus. Following this, some extended usages are described. A prototypical reciprocal construction involves an inherently transitive verb in a grammatically intransitive construction, with a reciprocal suffix on the verb and an Actor understood or explicited expressed as plural. The plural Actor may appear as a plural pronoun (\ref{bkm:Ref414723974}) or full RP (\ref{bkm:Ref414775363}):
A: word: pag-kita	 gloss: NR.ACT-see
B: word: pag-kita-ay	 gloss: NR.ACT-see-REC
C: word: na-tanem-an	 gloss: A.HAP.R-plant-APL
D: word: ga-kita-ay	 gloss: I.R-see-REC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pag-kita-ay danen na tama en na mga umang, pa-sugid-an en na kanen an daw Pwikan kisyem sellem ___ dļagan.
Gloss (with missing item): NR.ACT-see-REC 3P.ABS LK many CM LK PL hermit.crab T.R-tell-APL CM LK 3S.ABS DEF.M and sea.turtle tomorrow morning ___ run
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he and many hermit crabs met, (he) told (them) that he and Sea-turtle tomorrow morning would race each other running.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{bkm:Ref414723974} through \REF{bkm:Ref414775243} illustrate several prototypical examples of the reciprocal suffixes from the text corpus. Following this, some extended usages are described. A prototypical reciprocal construction involves an inherently transitive verb in a grammatically intransitive construction, with a reciprocal suffix on the verb and an Actor understood or explicited expressed as plural. The plural Actor may appear as a plural pronoun (\ref{bkm:Ref414723974}) or full RP (\ref{bkm:Ref414775363}):
A: word: mag--ambaļ-anay	 gloss: I.IR-say-REC
B: word: mag-pa-kasaļ	 gloss: I.IR-CAUS-wedding
C: word: mag-luoy	 gloss: I.IR-swim
D: word: mag-lumba-ay	 gloss: I.IR-race-REC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ danen na tama en na mga umang, pa-sugid-an en na kanen an daw Pwikan kisyem sellem mag-lumba-ay dļagan.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3P.ABS LK many CM LK PL hermit.crab T.R-tell-APL CM LK 3S.ABS DEF.M and sea.turtle tomorrow morning I.IR-race-REC run
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he and many hermit crabs met, (he) told (them) that he and Sea-turtle tomorrow morning would race each other running.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Notice the first word in example \REF{bkm:Ref414775363} carries the reciprocal suffix -ay and also the action nominalization prefix pag{}- (see \chapref{chap:referringexpressions}, \sectref{sec:pag}). The sense of this action nominalization is “seeing each other”, or “meeting together”. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref501776847} and \REF{bkm:Ref501776849} illustrate the same verb with the reciprocal suffix as the main predicator of the clause:
A: word: pag-kita-ay	 gloss: NR.ACT-see-REC
B: word: ∅-pa-dagsa-an	 gloss: T.IR-CAUS-wash.ashore-APL
C: word: pag-kita	 gloss: NR.ACT-see
D: word: ga-kita-ay	 gloss: I.R-see-REC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Kagayanen. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pag-kita-ay danen na tama en na mga umang, pa-sugid-an en na kanen an daw Pwikan kisyem sellem ___ dļagan.
Gloss (with missing item): NR.ACT-see-REC 3P.ABS LK many CM LK PL hermit.crab T.R-tell-APL CM LK 3S.ABS DEF.M and sea.turtle tomorrow morning ___ run
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he and many hermit crabs met, (he) told (them) that he and Sea-turtle tomorrow morning would race each other running.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Notice the first word in example \REF{bkm:Ref414775363} carries the reciprocal suffix -ay and also the action nominalization prefix pag{}- (see \chapref{chap:referringexpressions}, \sectref{sec:pag}). The sense of this action nominalization is “seeing each other”, or “meeting together”. Examples \REF{bkm:Ref501776847} and \REF{bkm:Ref501776849} illustrate the same verb with the reciprocal suffix as the main predicator of the clause:
A: word: mag-lumba-ay	 gloss: I.IR-race-REC
B: word: mag-luoy	 gloss: I.IR-swim
C: word: ga-kita-ay	 gloss: I.R-see-REC
D: word: mag--ambaļ-anay	 gloss: I.IR-say-REC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A