cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [pɣɤtɕɯ ___ kɯ-mpɕɯ\redp{}mpɕɤr ʑo] jɤ-ɣe
Gloss (with missing item): bird ___ SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.beautiful EMPH AOR-come[II]
The English translation of this sentence is:`A beautiful bird came.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples like (\ref{ex:rJAlpu.the morpheme ___.kWNAn.the morpheme ___}) and (\ref{ex:tAkhW.sAZnWlhoR}) are however relatively rare, in most cases the determiner either follows the relative (see for example \ref{ex:mWNi.kAkWGe.XpWn} in §\ref{sec:intr.subject.relativization}) or the head noun (\ref{ex:pGAtCW.the morpheme ___.kWmpCWmpCAr})
A: word: a-zda	 gloss: 1SG.POSS-companion
B: word: ci	 gloss: INDEF
C: word: scʰiz	 gloss: INDEF.LOC
D: word: cinɤ	 gloss: even
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe [nɯ kɯ-fse] ci ___ ɣɤʑu.
Gloss (with missing item): LNK DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like INDEF ___ exist:SENS
The English translation of this sentence is:`There is a bug (invertebrate animal) that is like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of prenominal relatives, the determiner \forme{ci} can be found between the head noun and the relative clause, as in (\ref{ex:nW.kWfse.ci.qajW}). This usage is not to be confused with that of prenominal \forme{ci} (§\ref{sec:identity.modifier}).
A: word: ɯ-kɤχcɤl	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-top.head
B: word: kɯpɤz	 gloss: type.of.bug
C: word: ɲɤ-rɯ-qajɯ	 gloss: IFR:WEST-DENOM-worm
D: word: qajɯ	 gloss: bug
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe [aʑo a-kɤ-sɯz] ___ nɯ nɯra ŋu
Gloss (with missing item): LNK 1SG 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-know ___ DEM DEM:PL be:FACT
The English translation of this sentence is:`These are the [plants belonging to the gender] Allium that I know about.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, in prenominal relatives such as (\ref{ex:akAsWz.Cku}), \forme{nɯ} is located after the head noun, for instance \japhug{the morpheme ___}{its gloss ___} in (\ref{ex:akAsWz.Cku}), never before it. If it were a subordinator, one would expect \forme{nɯ} to be located between the head noun and the relative.
A: word: tɤ-pɤtso	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-child
B: word: kɯmɕku	 gloss: garlic
C: word: kɤ-ndɯn	 gloss: INF-read
D: word: ɕku	 gloss: Allium
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe [aʑo a-kɤ-sɯz] ___ nɯ nɯra ŋu
Gloss (with missing item): LNK 1SG 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-know ___ DEM DEM:PL be:FACT
The English translation of this sentence is:`These are the [plants belonging to the gender] Allium that I know about.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, in prenominal relatives such as (\ref{ex:akAsWz.Cku}), \forme{nɯ} is located after the head noun, for instance \japhug{the morpheme ___}{its gloss ___} in (\ref{ex:akAsWz.Cku}), never before it. If it were a subordinator, one would expect \forme{nɯ} to be located between the head noun and the relative.
A: word: ɕku	 gloss: Allium
B: word: mɯ-ta-tɯt-ndʑi	 gloss: NEG-AOR:3\flobv{}-say[II]-DU
C: word: <cai>	 gloss: dish
D: word: kɯmɕku	 gloss: garlic
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kɯ-jɯ\redp{}jaʁ], [stu kɯ-jaʁ ʑo] nɯ tu-qɤr-nɯ tɕe
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.thick most SBJ:PCP-be.thick EMPH DEM IPFV-select-PL LNK
The English translation of this sentence is:`People select very thick ox skin, the thickest.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The emphatic \forme{ʑo} (§\ref{sec:emphatic.Zo}) is also analyzable as a postverbal adverb especially when followed by a demonstrative determiner as in (\ref{ex:stu.kWjaR.Zo}) (see also \ref{ex:pWpaGWtndZi} and \ref{ex:kWkWngo.kWkAkWnAndza}, §\ref{sec:totalitative.relatives}).
A: word: skɤm-ndʐi	 gloss: ox-skin
B: word: qaʑo	 gloss: sheep
C: word: ɯ-ndʐi	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-skin
D: word: paʁ-ndʐi	 gloss: pig-skin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pɯ\redp{}pa-ɣɯt-ndʑi ʑo] nɯnɯ lo-ji-ndʑi.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ TOTAL\redp{}AOR:3\flobv{}:DOWN-bring-DU EMPH DEM IFR-plant-DU
The English translation of this sentence is:`They planted all the seeds that they had brought (down from heaven).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The emphatic \forme{ʑo} (§\ref{sec:emphatic.Zo}) is also analyzable as a postverbal adverb especially when followed by a demonstrative determiner as in (\ref{ex:stu.kWjaR.Zo}) (see also \ref{ex:pWpaGWtndZi} and \ref{ex:kWkWngo.kWkAkWnAndza}, §\ref{sec:totalitative.relatives}).
A: word: tɤ-rʑaβ	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-wife
B: word: tɤ-rɤku	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-crops
C: word: ɯ-rɣi	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-seed
D: word: tɯ-rɣi	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-seed
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kɯ-wxtɯ\redp{}wxti] ci ʑo pɯ-tu ɲɯ-ŋu
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.big INDEF EMPH PST.IPFV-exist SENS-be
The English translation of this sentence is:`There was a huge river.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, the indefinite determiner \forme{ci} is also attested before the emphatic \forme{ʑo} as in (\ref{ex:the morpheme ___.kWwxtWxti.ci}), showing that it is external to the relative in this case, since \forme{ci} itself must be external (otherwise it would be located just after the head noun \japhug{the morpheme ___}{its gloss ___}, §\ref{sec:head-internal.relative.determiners}).
A: word: smar	 gloss: river
B: word: tamar	 gloss: butter
C: word: tɕʰipʰɯɣ	 gloss: source.of.the.river
D: word: kʰa	 gloss: house
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pɯ\redp{}pa-ɣɯt-ndʑi ʑo] nɯnɯ lo-ji-ndʑi.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ TOTAL\redp{}AOR:3\flobv{}:DOWN-bring-DU EMPH DEM IFR-plant-DU
The English translation of this sentence is:`They planted all the seeds that they had brought (down from heaven).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the absence of determiner (as in \ref{ex:pWpaGWtndZi}, §\ref{sec:totalitative.relatives}), it is unclear whether postverbal \forme{ʑo} belongs to the relative or not.
A: word: tɯ-ŋga	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-clothes
B: word: tɯ-rɣi	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-seed
C: word: tɤ-rɤku	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-crops
D: word: ɯ-rɣi	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-seed
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [tɤ-rme kɯ ___ tʰɯ-kɤ-βzu] nɯra ʁɟa tu-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu.
Gloss (with missing item): INDEF.POSS-hair ERG ___ AOR-OBJ:PCP-make DEM:PL completely IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be
The English translation of this sentence is:`It eats all of the clothes that are made of [animal] hair.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the head noun of the relative is overt, it can occur within the relative at the position that would be expected in the corresponding independent sentence: for instance, the noun \japhug{the morpheme ___}{clothes} is located between the instrumental adjunct and the verb both in the head-internal relative in (\ref{ex:tWNga.thWkABzu}) and in the independent clause in (\ref{ex:tWNga.chWBzunW}).
A: word: tɤ-rɟit	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-child
B: word: tɯ-ɕa	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-flesh
C: word: ɯ-ŋga	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-clothes
D: word: tɯ-ŋga	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-clothes
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [a-tɕɯ kɯ ___ jɤ-kɤ-ɣɯt] nɯ ɲɯ-pe
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS-son ERG ___ AOR-OBJ:PCP-bring DEM SENS-be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:`The information that my son has brought is pleasing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the relativized element is a noun such as \japhug{the morpheme ___}{information, news} or \japhug{ftɕaka}{method} which can take adnominal complements (§\ref{sec:complement.taking.nouns}), only head-internal relatives are possible, as prenominal clauses are interpreted as complements instead of relatives. For instance, the head noun \forme{the morpheme ___} in (\ref{ex:tWtCha.jAkAGWt}) cannot be moved after the participle: \dagger\forme{a-tɕɯ kɯ jɤ-kɤ-ɣɯt \textbf{the morpheme ___} nɯ} is not accepted.
A: word: tɯ-tɕʰa	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-news
B: word: ɯ-kɯ-spa	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-be.able
C: word: tɯrme	 gloss: people
D: word: ɯ-tɕʰaʁla	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-yard
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pɯ-kɤ-βʁum ʑo ɲɯ-fse.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ AOR-OBJ:PCP-turn.upside.down EMPH SENS-be.like
The English translation of this sentence is:`It looks like a bowl that has been turned upside down.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Since Japhug has strict verb-final order (§\ref{sec:basic.word.order}), in head-internal relative clauses the verb follows the head noun, as it would in a postnominal relative. In many cases it is indeed impossible to ascertain whether the head-noun belongs or not to the relative. For instance, in (\ref{ex:khWtsa.pWkABRum}) \forme{the morpheme ___ pɯ-kɤ-βʁum} `a its gloss ___ that has been turned upside down' there is no clear evidence for analyzing the head noun \japhug{the morpheme ___}{its gloss ___} as internal or external to the relative.
A: word: ɕku	 gloss: allium
B: word: kʰɯtsa	 gloss: bowl
C: word: ji-kʰɯtsa	 gloss: 1PL.POSS-bowl
D: word: tɯ-kʰɯtsa	 gloss: one-bowl
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ci kɯ <yangma> ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ] ci jɤ-ɣe tɕe
Gloss (with missing item): ___ INDEF ERG bicycle 3SG-SBJ.PCP-ride INDEF AOR-come[II] LNK
The English translation of this sentence is:`A boy who was riding a bicycle arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, with other types of relative clauses there is sometimes positive evidence that the head noun is internal. When the function of the relativized element is that of transitive subject (§\ref{sec:tr.subject.relativization}), the presence of ergative marking can be a criterion for analyzing it as relative-internal. In (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) for instance, the phrase \forme{the morpheme ___ ci kɯ} is necessarily internal to the participial relative clause, since the main verb \forme{jɤ-ɣe} is intransitive, and only the transitive verb \forme{ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ} in the relative clause can have triggered ergative marking.\footnote{In addition, example (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) provides an interesting case of double determiner marking (§\ref{sec:head-internal.relative.determiners}). }
A: word: tɤ-tɕɯ	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-son
B: word: kʰɤndɯn	 gloss: recitation
C: word: tɤ-pɤtso	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-child
D: word: tɤ-pɤtso_i	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [tɤ-pɤtso ___ kɯ <yangma> ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ] ci jɤ-ɣe tɕe
Gloss (with missing item): INDEF.POSS-child ___ ERG bicycle 3SG-SBJ.PCP-ride INDEF AOR-come[II] LNK
The English translation of this sentence is:`A boy who was riding a bicycle arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, with other types of relative clauses there is sometimes positive evidence that the head noun is internal. When the function of the relativized element is that of transitive subject (§\ref{sec:tr.subject.relativization}), the presence of ergative marking can be a criterion for analyzing it as relative-internal. In (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) for instance, the phrase \forme{tɤ-pɤtso the morpheme ___ kɯ} is necessarily internal to the partithe morpheme ___pial relative clause, since the main verb \forme{jɤ-ɣe} is intransitive, and only the transitive verb \forme{ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ} in the relative clause can have triggered ergative marking.\footnote{In addition, example (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) provides an interesting case of double determiner marking (§\ref{sec:head-internal.relative.determiners}). }
A: word: cinɤ	 gloss: even
B: word: tʂu	 gloss: path
C: word: scʰiz	 gloss: INDEF.LOC
D: word: ci	 gloss: INDEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [tɤ-pɤtso ci ___ <yangma> ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ] ci jɤ-ɣe tɕe
Gloss (with missing item): INDEF.POSS-child INDEF ___ bicycle 3SG-SBJ.PCP-ride INDEF AOR-come[II] LNK
The English translation of this sentence is:`A boy who was riding a bicycle arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, with other types of relative clauses there is sometimes positive evidence that the head noun is internal. When the function of the relativized element is that of transitive subject (§\ref{sec:tr.subject.relativization}), the presence of ergative marking can be a criterion for analyzing it as relative-internal. In (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) for instance, the phrase \forme{tɤ-pɤtso ci the morpheme ___} is necessarily internal to the participial relative clause, since the main verb \forme{jɤ-ɣe} is intransitive, and only the transitive verb \forme{ɯ-the morpheme ___-nɯmbrɤpɯ} in the relative clause can have triggered ergative marking.\footnote{In addition, example (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) provides an interesting case of double determiner marking (§\ref{sec:head-internal.relative.determiners}). }
A: word: laχtɕʰa	 gloss: thing
B: word: kɯ	 gloss: ERG
C: word: a-tɤ-kɯ-nɯlaʁrdaβ-a	 gloss: IRR-PFV-2\fl{}1-hit.with.forelegs-1SG
D: word: qʰoʁqʰoʁ	 gloss: ingot
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ci kɯ <yangma> ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ] ci jɤ-ɣe tɕe
Gloss (with missing item): ___ INDEF ERG bicycle 3SG-SBJ.PCP-ride INDEF AOR-come[II] LNK
The English translation of this sentence is:`A boy who was riding a bicycle arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, with other types of relative clauses there is sometimes positive evidence that the head noun is internal. When the function of the relativized element is that of transitive subject (§\ref{sec:tr.subject.relativization}), the presence of ergative marking can be a criterion for analyzing it as relative-internal. In (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) for instance, the phrase \forme{the morpheme ___ ci kɯ} is necessarily internal to the participial relative clause, since the main verb \forme{jɤ-ɣe} is intransitive, and only the transitive verb \forme{ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ} in the relative clause can have triggered ergative marking.\footnote{In addition, example (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) provides an interesting case of double determiner marking (§\ref{sec:head-internal.relative.determiners}). }
A: word: tɤ-pɤtso_i	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-child
B: word: mbrɯtɕɯ	 gloss: knife
C: word: tɤ-tɕɯ	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-son
D: word: tɤ-pɤtso	 gloss: INDEF.POSS-child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [tɤ-pɤtso ___ kɯ <yangma> ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ] ci jɤ-ɣe tɕe
Gloss (with missing item): INDEF.POSS-child ___ ERG bicycle 3SG-SBJ.PCP-ride INDEF AOR-come[II] LNK
The English translation of this sentence is:`A boy who was riding a bicycle arrived.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, with other types of relative clauses there is sometimes positive evidence that the head noun is internal. When the function of the relativized element is that of transitive subject (§\ref{sec:tr.subject.relativization}), the presence of ergative marking can be a criterion for analyzing it as relative-internal. In (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) for instance, the phrase \forme{tɤ-pɤtso the morpheme ___ kɯ} is necessarily internal to the partithe morpheme ___pial relative clause, since the main verb \forme{jɤ-ɣe} is intransitive, and only the transitive verb \forme{ɯ-kɯ-nɯmbrɤpɯ} in the relative clause can have triggered ergative marking.\footnote{In addition, example (\ref{ex:WkWnWmbrApW}) provides an interesting case of double determiner marking (§\ref{sec:head-internal.relative.determiners}). }
A: word: cinɤ	 gloss: even
B: word: qaɕti	 gloss: peach
C: word: scʰiz	 gloss: INDEF.LOC
D: word: ci	 gloss: INDEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D