cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe kumpɣɤtɕɯ nɯnɯ pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ-rca, kɯ-xtɕi ci zdoʁzdoʁ ___ tɕe, ɯʑo xtɕi ri wuma ʑo ɕqraʁ tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-rkɯ nɯnɯ ra kɯ-ɲaʁ kɯ tú-wɣ-fskɤr, nɯ ɯ-taʁ ri, hanɯni, kɯ-xtɕɯ\redp{}xtɕi kɯ-ɣɯrni kɯ-fse tu, ɯ-xtɤpa nɯ ra, ɯ-rqopa pjɯ-ʑe tɕe, nɯ ra, ɯ-jme mɯ-tʰɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ mɤɕtʂa nɯ wɣrum
Gloss (with missing item): LNK sparrow DEM bird 3PL-among SBJ:PCP-be.small INDEF IDEO:STAT:small.and.cute ___ LNK 3SG be.small:FACT but really EMPH be.smart:FACT LNK 3SG:POSS-eye 3SG:POSS-border DEM PL SBJ:PCP-be.black ERG IPFV-INV-surround DEM 3SG-on LOC a.little SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.small SBJ:PCP-be.red SBJ:PCP-be.like exist:FACT 3SG:POSS-belly DEM PL 3SG:POSS-throat IPFV-begin[III] LNK DEM PL 3SG:POSS-tail NEG-AOR-AUTO-come.out until DEM be.white:FACT
The English translation of this sentence is:`Among the birds, the sparrow is tiny and cute. Although it is small it is very smart. Its eyes are surrounded by black [feathers], and above that there are some red [dots]. Its belly is white from the throat to the tail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, in the case of stative verbs, the Factual occurs to describe facts considered to belong to everybody's common knowledge. Example (\ref{ex:kumpGAtCW}) illustrates five verb forms in the Factual in this use (highlighted in bold), including copulas and adjectives.
A: word: wɣrum	 gloss: be.white:FACT
B: word: ɯmɤ-ŋu	 gloss: PROB-be:FACT
C: word: pjɯ-kɯ-ɣi	 gloss: IPFV:DOWN-SBJ:PCP-come
D: word: ŋu	 gloss: \textbf{be}:FACT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe kumpɣɤtɕɯ nɯnɯ pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ-rca, kɯ-xtɕi ci zdoʁzdoʁ ŋu tɕe, ɯʑo ___ ri wuma ʑo ɕqraʁ tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-rkɯ nɯnɯ ra kɯ-ɲaʁ kɯ tú-wɣ-fskɤr, nɯ ɯ-taʁ ri, hanɯni, kɯ-xtɕɯ\redp{}xtɕi kɯ-ɣɯrni kɯ-fse tu, ɯ-xtɤpa nɯ ra, ɯ-rqopa pjɯ-ʑe tɕe, nɯ ra, ɯ-jme mɯ-tʰɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ mɤɕtʂa nɯ wɣrum
Gloss (with missing item): LNK sparrow DEM bird 3PL-among SBJ:PCP-be.small INDEF IDEO:STAT:small.and.cute be:FACT LNK 3SG ___ but really EMPH be.smart:FACT LNK 3SG:POSS-eye 3SG:POSS-border DEM PL SBJ:PCP-be.black ERG IPFV-INV-surround DEM 3SG-on LOC a.little SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.small SBJ:PCP-be.red SBJ:PCP-be.like exist:FACT 3SG:POSS-belly DEM PL 3SG:POSS-throat IPFV-begin[III] LNK DEM PL 3SG:POSS-tail NEG-AOR-AUTO-come.out until DEM be.white:FACT
The English translation of this sentence is:`Among the birds, the sparrow is tiny and cute. Although it is small it is very smart. Its eyes are surrounded by black [feathers], and above that there are some red [dots]. Its belly is white from the throat to the tail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, in the case of stative verbs, the Factual occurs to describe facts considered to belong to everybody's common knowledge. Example (\ref{ex:kumpGAtCW}) illustrates five verb forms in the Factual in this use (highlighted in bold), including copulas and adjectives.
A: word: kɯ-xtɕi	 gloss: SBJ:PCP-be.small
B: word: xtɕi	 gloss: \textbf{be.small}:FACT
C: word: wɣrum	 gloss: be.white:FACT
D: word: mɤ-fse	 gloss: NEG-be.like:FACT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe kumpɣɤtɕɯ nɯnɯ pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ-rca, kɯ-xtɕi ci zdoʁzdoʁ ŋu tɕe, ɯʑo xtɕi ri wuma ʑo ___ tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-rkɯ nɯnɯ ra kɯ-ɲaʁ kɯ tú-wɣ-fskɤr, nɯ ɯ-taʁ ri, hanɯni, kɯ-xtɕɯ\redp{}xtɕi kɯ-ɣɯrni kɯ-fse tu, ɯ-xtɤpa nɯ ra, ɯ-rqopa pjɯ-ʑe tɕe, nɯ ra, ɯ-jme mɯ-tʰɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ mɤɕtʂa nɯ wɣrum
Gloss (with missing item): LNK sparrow DEM bird 3PL-among SBJ:PCP-be.small INDEF IDEO:STAT:small.and.cute be:FACT LNK 3SG be.small:FACT but really EMPH ___ LNK 3SG:POSS-eye 3SG:POSS-border DEM PL SBJ:PCP-be.black ERG IPFV-INV-surround DEM 3SG-on LOC a.little SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.small SBJ:PCP-be.red SBJ:PCP-be.like exist:FACT 3SG:POSS-belly DEM PL 3SG:POSS-throat IPFV-begin[III] LNK DEM PL 3SG:POSS-tail NEG-AOR-AUTO-come.out until DEM be.white:FACT
The English translation of this sentence is:`Among the birds, the sparrow is tiny and cute. Although it is small it is very smart. Its eyes are surrounded by black [feathers], and above that there are some red [dots]. Its belly is white from the throat to the tail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, in the case of stative verbs, the Factual occurs to describe facts considered to belong to everybody's common knowledge. Example (\ref{ex:kumpGAtCW}) illustrates five verb forms in the Factual in this use (highlighted in bold), including copulas and adjectives.
A: word: rɤt	 gloss: write:FACT
B: word: ma-tɤ-kɯ-sɯ-ɕqraʁ-a	 gloss: NEG-IMP-2\fl{}1-CAUS-be.intelligent-1SG
C: word: ɕqraʁ	 gloss: \textbf{be.smart}:FACT
D: word: xtɕi	 gloss: be.small:FACT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe kumpɣɤtɕɯ nɯnɯ pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ-rca, kɯ-xtɕi ci zdoʁzdoʁ ŋu tɕe, ɯʑo xtɕi ri wuma ʑo ɕqraʁ tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-rkɯ nɯnɯ ra kɯ-ɲaʁ kɯ tú-wɣ-fskɤr, nɯ ɯ-taʁ ri, hanɯni, kɯ-xtɕɯ\redp{}xtɕi kɯ-ɣɯrni kɯ-fse ___ ɯ-xtɤpa nɯ ra, ɯ-rqopa pjɯ-ʑe tɕe, nɯ ra, ɯ-jme mɯ-tʰɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ mɤɕtʂa nɯ wɣrum
Gloss (with missing item): LNK sparrow DEM bird 3PL-among SBJ:PCP-be.small INDEF IDEO:STAT:small.and.cute be:FACT LNK 3SG be.small:FACT but really EMPH be.smart:FACT LNK 3SG:POSS-eye 3SG:POSS-border DEM PL SBJ:PCP-be.black ERG IPFV-INV-surround DEM 3SG-on LOC a.little SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.small SBJ:PCP-be.red SBJ:PCP-be.like ___ 3SG:POSS-belly DEM PL 3SG:POSS-throat IPFV-begin[III] LNK DEM PL 3SG:POSS-tail NEG-AOR-AUTO-come.out until DEM be.white:FACT
The English translation of this sentence is:`Among the birds, the sparrow is tiny and cute. Although it is small it is very smart. Its eyes are surrounded by black [feathers], and above that there are some red [dots]. Its belly is white from the throat to the tail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, in the case of stative verbs, the Facthe morpheme ___al occurs to describe facts considered to belong to everybody's common knowledge. Example (\ref{ex:kumpGAtCW}) illustrates five verb forms in the Facthe morpheme ___al in this use (highlighted in bold), including copulas and adjectives.
A: word: tu-ndze	 gloss: IPFV-eat[III]
B: word: tu	 gloss: \textbf{exist}:FACT
C: word: ɯ-tsʰɯɣa	 gloss: 3SG.POSS-shape
D: word: xtɕi	 gloss: be.small:FACT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Japhug. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tɕe kumpɣɤtɕɯ nɯnɯ pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ-rca, kɯ-xtɕi ci zdoʁzdoʁ ŋu tɕe, ɯʑo xtɕi ri wuma ʑo ɕqraʁ tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-rkɯ nɯnɯ ra kɯ-ɲaʁ kɯ tú-wɣ-fskɤr, nɯ ɯ-taʁ ri, hanɯni, kɯ-xtɕɯ\redp{}xtɕi kɯ-ɣɯrni kɯ-fse tu, ɯ-xtɤpa nɯ ra, ɯ-rqopa pjɯ-ʑe tɕe, nɯ ra, ɯ-jme mɯ-tʰɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ mɤɕtʂa nɯ ___
Gloss (with missing item): LNK sparrow DEM bird 3PL-among SBJ:PCP-be.small INDEF IDEO:STAT:small.and.cute be:FACT LNK 3SG be.small:FACT but really EMPH be.smart:FACT LNK 3SG:POSS-eye 3SG:POSS-border DEM PL SBJ:PCP-be.black ERG IPFV-INV-surround DEM 3SG-on LOC a.little SBJ:PCP-EMPH\redp{}be.small SBJ:PCP-be.red SBJ:PCP-be.like exist:FACT 3SG:POSS-belly DEM PL 3SG:POSS-throat IPFV-begin[III] LNK DEM PL 3SG:POSS-tail NEG-AOR-AUTO-come.out until DEM ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Among the birds, the sparrow is tiny and cute. Although it is small it is very smart. Its eyes are surrounded by black [feathers], and above that there are some red [dots]. Its belly is white from the throat to the tail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, in the case of stative verbs, the Factual occurs to describe facts considered to belong to everybody's common knowledge. Example (\ref{ex:kumpGAtCW}) illustrates five verb forms in the Factual in this use (highlighted in bold), including copulas and adjectives.
A: word: cʰɯ-wɣrum	 gloss: IPFV-be.white
B: word: kɤ-tɯ-spa-t	 gloss: AOR-2-be.able-PST:TR
C: word: ɕqraʁ	 gloss: \textbf{be.smart}:FACT
D: word: wɣrum	 gloss: \textbf{be.white}:FACT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D