cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndí mɛ̀ɛ́ sâ-lɛ́ wɛ̂ bvùbvù ___ vɛ̀dáà mɛ-H dyúwɔ-H nâ wɛ́ɛ̀ dè-H m-wánɔ̀, nɔ́ɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): but 1SG.PRS.NEG do-NEG 2SG.OBJ much ___ but[Bulu] 1SG-PRS understand-R COMP 2.PST2 eat-R N1-child no
The English translation of this sentence is:`But I don't do you wrong, but I understand that you have eaten [my] child, haven't you?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In contrast to other coordinators, {\itshape the morpheme ___} is the only one that is prone to code-switching, which systematically happens both to Bulu and French. In \REF{its gloss ___5}, the Bulu coordinator {\itshape vɛ̀dáà} `its gloss ___' is used instead of {\itshape the morpheme ___}. In other cases, {\itshape the morpheme ___} and {\itshape vɛ̀dáà} are both used, the Gyeli variant preceding the Bulu one, as shown in \REF{its gloss ___4}.
A: word: nà	 gloss: CONJ
B: word: ndí	 gloss: but
C: word: mi-ndísì	 gloss: mi4-rice
D: word: yɛ́ɛ́	 gloss: then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ká wɛ-H sílɛ-H kɛ̀ sâ sálɛ́ ___ pílì wɛ-H kɛ̀-H nâ wɛ-H kɛ̀-{\R} jíì mònɛ́ w-ɔ̂ a-H làwɔ-H wɛ̂ nyùmbò
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG-PRS finish-R go do work.7 ___ when 2SG-PRS go-R COMP 2SG-PRS go-R ask emptyset1.money 1-POSS.2SG 1-PRS tell-R 2SG emptyset3.mouth
The English translation of this sentence is:`If you go do all the work[for a Bulu person]. . . but when you [later] go and ask for your money, he [the Bulu person] frowns at you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent Also, {\itshape ndí} is often substituted by the French form {\itshape mais} ({\itshape the morpheme ___} in Gyeli) `but', as in \REF{but6}.
A: word: yɔ̃́ɔ̃̀	 gloss: dbemptyset7.time
B: word: sɔ́ndɔ̀	 gloss: emptyset1.week
C: word: mɛ́	 gloss: but[French]
D: word: mɛ́dɛ́	 gloss: self
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): b-wánɔ̀-be-kúmbé ___ ba njì-H nà by-ɔ̂ be-H tɛ́lɛ-H mà-bé
Gloss (with missing item): ba2-child-be8-tin ___ 2.PST1 come-R COM 8-OBJ 8-PRS stand-R here-8
The English translation of this sentence is:`The few tin roofs that they brought stand here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Noun phrase types that can be modified by a relative clause in Gyeli include all available noun phrases in a verbal clause, namely subject, object, and oblique noun phrases, as illustrated in \REF{REL1} through \REF{REL6}.
A: word: béè	 gloss: 8.FUT
B: word: kânà	 gloss: or
C: word: bé	 gloss: db8:ATT
D: word: yíì	 gloss: db7.FUT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a làdo-H nà sɔ́ ɛ́ ndáwɔ̀ dé tù ___ sã́ w-ɛ̂ a lwɔ̃̂
Gloss (with missing item): 1.PST1 meet-R COM emptyset1.friend LOC emptyset9.house LOC inside ___ emptyset1.father 1-POSS.3SG 1.PST1 build
The English translation of this sentence is:`He met with a friend in the house that his father built.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Noun phrase types that can be modified by a relative clause in Gyeli include all available noun phrases in a verbal clause, namely subject, object, and oblique noun phrases, as illustrated in \REF{REL1} through \REF{REL6}.
A: word: pílì	 gloss: when
B: word: pã̂	 gloss: do.first.IMP
C: word: nyà	 gloss: db9:ATT
D: word: nyã̂	 gloss: emptyset1.mother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): b-wánɔ̀-be-kúmbé ___ ba njì-H nà by-ɔ̂ be-H tɛ́lɛ-H mà-bé
Gloss (with missing item): ba2-child-be8-tin ___ 2.PST1 come-R COM 8-OBJ 8-PRS stand-R here-8
The English translation of this sentence is:`The few tin roofs that they brought stand here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{REL1}, the relative clause modifies the subject noun phrase of a verbal main clause.
A: word: mɛ́	 gloss: 1SG.PRS
B: word: béè	 gloss: 8.FUT
C: word: bé	 gloss: db8:ATT
D: word: yíì	 gloss: db7.FUT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): vɛ̂ m-wánɔ̀ w-ɔ́ɔ̀ ___ wɛ bùdɛ-H nû m-wánɔ̀-sâ yá dè
Gloss (with missing item): give.IMP N1-child 1-POSS.2SG ___ 2SG have-R 1:DEM.PROX N1-child-emptyset7.thing 7:ATT eat
The English translation of this sentence is:`Give your child that you have here a little to eat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relative clauses can modify object noun phrases. In \REF{REL4a}, the first object of a double object construction is followed by a relative clause.
A: word: nkwànò	 gloss: emptyset3.honey
B: word: wà	 gloss: db1:ATT
C: word: sâ	 gloss: make
D: word: nzíyɛ̀	 gloss: come.SBJV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): vɛ̂ mɛ̂ sâ m-wánɔ̀ w-ɔ́ɔ̀ ___ wɛ bùdɛ-H nû
Gloss (with missing item): give.IMP 1SG.OBJ only N1-child 1-POSS.2SG ___ 2SG have-R 1:DEM.PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:`Give me only your child that you have here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent The relative clause can also modify the second object in a double object construction, as in \REF{REL4b}.
A: word: wà	 gloss: db1:ATT
B: word: sâ/gyí	 gloss: emptyset7.thing/what
C: word: nkwànò	 gloss: emptyset3.honey
D: word: a-h	 gloss: 1-PRS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a làdo-H nà sɔ́ ɛ́ ndáwɔ̀ dé tù ___ sã́ w-ɛ̂ a lwɔ̃̂
Gloss (with missing item): 1.PST1 meet-R COM emptyset1.friend LOC emptyset9.house LOC inside ___ emptyset1.father 1-POSS.3SG 1.PST1 build
The English translation of this sentence is:`He met with a friend in the house that his father built.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent Finally, relative clauses may modify oblique noun phrases, as illustrated with the locative oblique in \REF{REL6}.
A: word: nyà	 gloss: db9:ATT
B: word: lí	 gloss: dbwhen
C: word: le-h	 gloss: 5-PRS
D: word: nyã̂	 gloss: emptyset1.mother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bã̀ ___ b-wánɔ̀ ba-H lɔ́ làwɔ yíì tè
Gloss (with missing item): emptyset7.word ___ ba2-child 2-PRS RETRO speak 7.COP there
The English translation of this sentence is:`The word that the children just said is there. [it is true]'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relative clauses further appear in noun phrases of non-verbal clauses. They can appear both with the main clause's subject, as in \REF{REL2} and with noun phrases in complement position, as in \REF{REL2b}.
A: word: dyá	 gloss: lie.down
B: word: yá	 gloss: db7:ATT
C: word: bímbú	 gloss: emptyset5.amount
D: word: yɔ̃́ɔ̃̀	 gloss: dbemptyset7.time
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ b-wánɔ̀ ba-H dè-H H-ma-ntúà
Gloss (with missing item): ___ ba2-child db2-PRS eat-R OBJ.LINK-ma6-mango
The English translation of this sentence is:`It's the children who eat mangoes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As shown in \REF{cleft1}, the class 7 \textsc{stamp} copula is also used when the following predicate appears in a plural class. In terms of information structure, the subject is in focus, as an answer to the question `Who eats mangoes?'.
A: word: le-váá	 gloss: le5-thing
B: word: sâ	 gloss: make
C: word: yíì	 gloss: 7.COP
D: word: nyíì	 gloss: 9:COP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yíì ___ ba-H dè-H H-ma-ntúà
Gloss (with missing item): 7.COP ___ db2-PRS eat-R OBJ.LINK-ma6-mango
The English translation of this sentence is:`It's the children who eat mangoes.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As shown in \REF{cleft1}, the class 7 \textsc{stamp} copula is also used when the following predicate appears in a plural class. In terms of information structure, the subject is in focus, as an answer to the question `Who eats mangoes?'.
A: word: b-wánɔ̀	 gloss: ba2-child
B: word: wɛ́	 gloss: ID
C: word: b-wánɔ̀-ba-kɔ́bɛ̀	 gloss: ba2-small-ba2-cup
D: word: b-wánɔ̀-b-ùdã̂	 gloss: ba2-child-ba2-woman
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yí b-wánɔ̀ b-ùdã̂ ___ ba-H sâ-H H-ma-sâ ɛ́ jíwɔ́
Gloss (with missing item): 7.COP ba2-child ba2-woman ___ 2-PRS do-R OBJ.LINK-ma6-game LOC emptyset7.river
The English translation of this sentence is:`It's the girls who are playing by the river.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also with cleft constructions, the use of the attributive marker is optional, as indicated by the parentheses in \REF{TREL3}. Since the attributive marker and the following \textsc{stamp} marker are identical in their shape, the omission of the attributive marker is preferred.
A: word: mí-mbáà	 gloss: 4-two
B: word: wà	 gloss: 1:ATT
C: word: nânà/kânà	 gloss: or
D: word: (bá)	 gloss: (2:ATT)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yí b-wánɔ̀ b-ùdã̂ ___ ba-H sâ-H H-ma-sâ ɛ́ jíwɔ́
Gloss (with missing item): 7.COP ba2-child ba2-woman ___ 2-PRS do-R OBJ.LINK-ma6-game LOC emptyset7.river
The English translation of this sentence is:`It's the girls who are playing by the river.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent While cleft constructions are mostly used to express subject focus, as in \REF{TREL3}, the nominal predicate can also serve as the object of the relative clause, as in \REF{TREL4}.
A: word: (bá)	 gloss: (2:ATT)
B: word: wà	 gloss: 1:ATT
C: word: mí-mbáà	 gloss: 4-two
D: word: vɛ̀ɛ̀	 gloss: only
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yíì b-wánɔ̀ b-ùdã̂ ___ àà lúmɛlɛ be-kúlà
Gloss (with missing item): 7.COP ba2-child ba2-woman ___ 1.FUT send be8-present
The English translation of this sentence is:`It's the girls that she will send presents to.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent \REF{TREL5} provides an example of a double object construction, where the indirect object of the relative clause is encoded by the external head of the relative clause.
A: word: mí-mbáà	 gloss: 4-two
B: word: bá	 gloss: 2:ATT
C: word: líní	 gloss: dbwhen
D: word: jíwɔ́'ɔ̀	 gloss: steal.SBJV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ntɛ́mbɔ̀ wà m-ùdã̂ w-ã̂ nyɛ ___ bùdɛ-H m-wánɔ̀ wà m-ùdã̂ m-vúdũ̂
Gloss (with missing item): emptyset1.younger.sibling 1:ATT N1-woman 1-POSS.1SG 1 ___ dbhave-R N1-child 1:ATT N1-woman 1-one
The English translation of this sentence is:`My wife's younger sister, it is her who has one girl.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction is used if the subject in focus consists of a complex lexical noun phrase, as in \REF{cleft3}. One might think of it as a resumptive cleft or an afterthought focus marking. As in the previous examples, omission of the attributive marker is preferred (but its use is grammatical).
A: word: wɛ́ɛ̀	 gloss: 2.PST2
B: word: vɛ̀ɛ̀	 gloss: only
C: word: wɛ́	 gloss: ID
D: word: máà	 gloss: 6.ID
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): vɛ̂ mɛ̂ sâ m-wánɔ̀ w-ɔ́ɔ̀ ___ wɛ bùdɛ-H nû
Gloss (with missing item): give.IMP 1SG.OBJ only N1-child 1-POSS.2SG ___ 2SG have-R 1:DEM.PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:`Give me only your child that you have here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Gyeli does not have a distinct marker of relative clauses such as, for instance, relative pronouns. Instead, an attributive marker ({\ATT}) can be used to indicate the embedding relation between subordinate clause and modified noun phrase. This attributive marker, which agrees in gender with the head noun, is also used in noun + noun constructions, as discussed in \sectref{sec:ATT}. In most cases, however, the use of the attributive marker is optional so that a relative clause is often not marked by a dedicated morpheme. The circumstances under which speakers omit the attributive marker in contrast to using it are not clear. In the corpus, about half of the relative clauses appear with an attributive marker, as in \REF{REL4b}, and about half without, as in \REF{REL5}. Few generalizations can be made at this point as to what conditions the marker's appearance or omission. Both appearance and omission occur with attributive markers of all agreement classes, singular and plural. Further, attributive markers and their omission are found with all subject, object, and oblique noun phrases that are modified. Finally, the role that the head noun plays in the relative clause does not seem to be decisive for the appearance or omission of the attributive marker, since examples of both variants are found for cases where the head of the relative clause is the subject or any type of object of the relative clause, as I will show below. The only criterion that seems to favor attributive marker deletion is when the attributive marker and the following \textsc{stamp} marker are identical in shape, as for instance in \REF{SREL1}.
A: word: wà	 gloss: db1:ATT
B: word: nkwànò	 gloss: emptyset3.honey
C: word: lámbɔ̃́ɔ̃̀	 gloss: trap.R.COMPL
D: word: nyà	 gloss: real
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sá wɛ-H ___ yi-H bɛ̀-lɛ mpà
Gloss (with missing item): emptyset7.thing db2SG-PRS ___ 7-PRS be-NEG good
The English translation of this sentence is:`The thing you do is not good.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All relative clauses are marked prosodically in that they are treated as distinct intonation units. As such, verb-final relative clauses its gloss ___ not take a realis-marking H tone in the realis moods as they would within an intonation phrase. In \REF{SREL1x}, the verb {\itshape the morpheme ___} `its gloss ___' surfaces with the underlying verb tone and its gloss ___es not take the realis-marking H tone that it would take if the verb was not at the boundary of an intonation phrase.
A: word: mɛ́	 gloss: 1SG.PRS
B: word: sâ	 gloss: do
C: word: tsìl-a-h	 gloss: write-PASS-R
D: word: be-sâ	 gloss: be8-thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-H dyúwɔ-H H-lɛ-kɛ́lɛ̀ ___ wɛ-H làwɔ
Gloss (with missing item): 2-PRS understand OBJ.LINK-le5-language ___ 2SG-PRS speak
The English translation of this sentence is:`They understand the language that you speak.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The head of the relative clause can also take the function of an object of the relative clause, as in \REF{SREL2} and \REF{SREL3}. In both examples, the head noun serves as the object for the main clause as well as for the relative clause with a structure of NP\textsubscript{O} [S V _\textsubscript{O} (X)]. The object is only expressed in the main clause, but not in the relative clause where it is neither repeated nor cross-referenced.
A: word: bá	 gloss: 2.SBJ
B: word: léè	 gloss: 5.COP
C: word: líyɛ-liyɛ	 gloss: leave-leave
D: word: lé	 gloss: db5:ATT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-H dyúwɔ-H H-lɛ-kɛ́lɛ̀ ___ wɛ-H làwɔ
Gloss (with missing item): 2-PRS understand OBJ.LINK-le5-language ___ 2SG-PRS speak
The English translation of this sentence is:`They understand the language that you speak.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent In contrast to \REF{SREL2}, \REF{SREL3} appears without the attributive marker, but the argument structure is identical. Both examples are grammatical either way, with or without the attributive marker.
A: word: kwɛ̀lɔ̃́ɔ̃̀	 gloss: cut.COMPL
B: word: léè	 gloss: 5.COP
C: word: nzɛ́ɛ́	 gloss: PROG.SUB.R
D: word: lé	 gloss: db5:ATT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D