cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ-H ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-PRS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I often drink.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another expanded simple predicate construction involves verb stem reduplication, expressing \textsc{habitual} aspect, as in \REF{habitual}. The \textsc{habitual} relates to events that occur regularly or usually.
A: word: nyùlɛ	 gloss: drink
B: word: nyùlɛ-nyulɛ	 gloss: drink-drink
C: word: jíwɔ́'ɔ̀	 gloss: steal.SBJV
D: word: nyùlɛ-nyulɛ-h	 gloss: drink-HAB-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ-H ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-PRS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I often arrive.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The reduplicated stem follows the original stem in the form of a suffix as opposed to constituting an independent word. Evidence for this comes from the duplicate's tonal pattern. First, the duplicate is underlyingly toneless, while the original stem is specified for its first TBU. \REF{habitual1} shows that {\itshape pándɛ} `arrive' carries its lexical H tone on the first TBU in the stem, but this lexical H tone does not appear on the toneless duplicate, which might even lose more features of the stem, such as vowel length and nasalization, as shown in \REF{HAB2}.
A: word: vɛ́'ɛ̀	 gloss: give.SBJV
B: word: pándɛ-pandɛ	 gloss: arrive-arrive
C: word: pámo	 gloss: arrive
D: word: pándɛ	 gloss: arrive
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-mpámbó ba-H ___ nâ ya-H tã́ã̀-ta H-be-kàndá bé tè
Gloss (with missing item): ba2-ancestor 2-PRS ___ COMP 1PL-PRS tell.SBJV-tell OBJ.LINK-be8-proverbs 8:ATT there
The English translation of this sentence is:`The ancestors leave [the proverbs to us], so that we tell the proverbs there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The reduplicated stem follows the original stem in the form of a suffix as opposed to constituting an independent word. Evidence for this comes from the duplicate's tonal pattern. First, the duplicate is underlyingly toneless, while the original stem is specified for its first TBU. \REF{habitual1} shows that {\itshape pándɛ} `arrive' carries its lexical H tone on the first TBU in the stem, but this lexical H tone does not appear on the toneless duplicate, which might even lose more features of the stem, such as vowel length and nasalization, as shown in \REF{HAB2}.
A: word: wúmbɛ-lɛ́	 gloss: want-NEG
B: word: bɛ̀-h	 gloss: be-R
C: word: vúlɛ	 gloss: take.away
D: word: líyɛ-liyɛ	 gloss: leave-leave
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-mpámbó ba-H líyɛ-liyɛ nâ ya-H ___ H-be-kàndá bé tè
Gloss (with missing item): ba2-ancestor 2-PRS leave-leave COMP 1PL-PRS ___ OBJ.LINK-be8-proverbs 8:ATT there
The English translation of this sentence is:`The ancestors leave [the proverbs to us], so that we tell the proverbs there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The reduplicated stem follows the original stem in the form of a suffix as opposed to constituting an independent word. Evidence for this comes from the duplicate's tonal pattern. First, the duplicate is underlyingly toneless, while the original stem is specified for its first TBU. \REF{habitual1} shows that {\itshape pándɛ} `arrive' carries its lexical H tone on the first TBU in the stem, but this lexical H tone does not appear on the toneless duplicate, which might even lose more features of the stem, such as vowel length and nasalization, as shown in \REF{HAB2}.
A: word: vɛ́'ɛ̀	 gloss: give.SBJV
B: word: lã́ã̀-h	 gloss: tell-R
C: word: wúmbɛ-h	 gloss: want-R
D: word: tã́ã̀-ta	 gloss: tell.SBJV-tell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ-H ___ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-PRS ___ OBJ.LINK-8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`I regularly prepare food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, if a grammatical (or syntactic) H tone attaches to the right of the verb, it spreads across all toneless TBUs, just like in verbal extension suffixes (\sectref{sec:VDeriv}), including the second and third syllables of the original stem, as shown in \REF{habituala} and \REF{HAB1}.
A: word: bwè-h	 gloss: obtain-R
B: word: gyámbɔ-gyambɔ	 gloss: prepare-prepare
C: word: bɛ̀	 gloss: be
D: word: gyámbɔ-gyambɔ-h	 gloss: prepare-prepare-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-mpámbó ba-H ___ nâ ya-H tã́ã̀-ta H-be-kàndá bé tè
Gloss (with missing item): ba2-ancestor 2-PRS ___ COMP 1PL-PRS tell.SBJV-tell OBJ.LINK-be8-proverbs 8:ATT there
The English translation of this sentence is:`The ancestors leave [the proverbs to us], so that we tell the proverbs there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the \textsc{habitual} aspect appeared to me to be very frequent in the conversations that I observed, it is barely found in the corpus. From elicitation, however, it is clear that the \textsc{habitual} is restricted to the \textsc{present} and \textsc{subjunctive} categories. An example of a \textsc{subjunctive} occurrence is given in \REF{HAB2} with {\itshape tã́ã̀-ta} `tell often'.
A: word: wúmbɛ-lɛ́	 gloss: want-NEG
B: word: kɛ̀	 gloss: go
C: word: líyɛ-liyɛ	 gloss: leave-leave
D: word: vúlɛ	 gloss: take.away
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-mpámbó ba-H líyɛ-liyɛ nâ ya-H ___ H-be-kàndá bé tè
Gloss (with missing item): ba2-ancestor 2-PRS leave-leave COMP 1PL-PRS ___ OBJ.LINK-be8-proverbs 8:ATT there
The English translation of this sentence is:`The ancestors leave [the proverbs to us], so that we tell the proverbs there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the \textsc{habitual} aspect appeared to me to be very frequent in the conversations that I observed, it is barely found in the corpus. From elicitation, however, it is clear that the \textsc{habitual} is restricted to the \textsc{present} and \textsc{subjunctive} categories. An example of a \textsc{subjunctive} occurrence is given in \REF{HAB2} with {\itshape the morpheme ___} `tell often'.
A: word: tã́ã̀-ta	 gloss: tell.SBJV-tell
B: word: vɛ́'ɛ̀	 gloss: give.SBJV
C: word: lã́ã̀-h	 gloss: tell-R
D: word: kɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: go.COMPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ínɔ̀ má b-ùdì ma ___ máà vé
Gloss (with missing item): ma6-name 6:ATT ba2-person 6.PST1 ___ 6.ID where
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people's names have gone, where are they? [strangers come once, but do not return again]'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textsc{absolute completive} mostly occurs with eventive verbs, as illustrated in \REF{mo3} through \REF{mo5}.
A: word: lɔ́	 gloss: RETRO
B: word: mɔ̀	 gloss: COMPL
C: word: sílɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: finish.COMPL
D: word: kɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: go.COMPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wɛ dyúwɔ-H ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.PST1 hear-R ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Have you understood?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \textsc{absolute completive} mostly occurs with eventive verbs, as illustrated in \REF{mo3} through \REF{mo5}.
A: word: njìmɔ̀	 gloss: ∅3.certain
B: word: mɔ̀	 gloss: COMPL
C: word: kɛ́'ɛ̀	 gloss: go.SBJV
D: word: lèmbṍõ̀	 gloss: know.COMPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wɛ ___ sâ H-ba-nyá m-àmbò nâ ká mɛ-H lúmɔ-H wɛ̂ nláà nâ
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.PST1 ___ do OBJ.LINK-ba2-important ma6-thing COMP if 1SG-PRS send-R 2SG.OBJ emptyset3.message COMP
The English translation of this sentence is:`You know to do the right thing so that, if I send you the message [ask you for help] that. . .'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although stative verbs rarely take this aspect marker, it is still possible, as \REF{mo6} shows.\footnote{Another explanation for this particular occurrence of {\itshape mɔ̀} with {\itshape lèmbɔ} `know' could be that this verb rather has an eventive character, along the lines of `coming to understand'. The restricted corpus, however, does not clarify this.}
A: word: mɔ̀	 gloss: COMPL
B: word: lèmbṍõ̀	 gloss: know.COMPL
C: word: lèmbo-h	 gloss: know-R
D: word: kɛ̀	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ínɔ̀ má b-ùdì ma ___ máà vé
Gloss (with missing item): ma6-name 6:ATT ba2-person 6.PST1 ___ 6.ID where
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people's names have gone, where are they? [strangers come once, but do not return again]'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All of these examples have in common that the aspect marker conveys a meaning of completeness. They are usually translated into French as {\itshape déjà} `already' by speakers. In \REF{mo3}, the people have completely left, in \REF{mo4}, the generation has completely been wiped out, and in \REF{mo5}, the process of understanding has to be complete in order to count as understanding. \REF{MPL} shows how the \textsc{absolute completive} compares to other aspect categories that relate to notions of completeness or perfectiveness, such as the \textsc{perfect} {\itshape bwàà} (\sectref{sec:PSTPRF}) and the semi-auxiliary {\itshape sílɛ} `finish', which has a non-complete accomplishment reading (\sectref{sec:ComplSemi}).
A: word: kɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: go.COMPL
B: word: mɔ̀	 gloss: COMPL
C: word: sílɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: finish.COMPL
D: word: sílɛ	 gloss: finish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bon mpɔ̀ngɔ̀ ___
Gloss (with missing item): OK[French] ∅7.generation ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`OK, the generation has been wiped out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All of these examples have in common that the aspect marker conveys a meaning of completeness. They are usually translated into French as {\itshape déjà} `already' by speakers. In \REF{mo3}, the people have completely left, in \REF{mo4}, the generation has completely been wiped out, and in \REF{mo5}, the process of understanding has to be complete in order to count as understanding. \REF{MPL} shows how the \textsc{absolute completive} compares to other aspect categories that relate to notions of completeness or perfectiveness, such as the \textsc{perfect} {\itshape bwàà} (\sectref{sec:PSTPRF}) and the semi-auxiliary {\itshape sílɛ} `finish', which has a non-complete accomplishment reading (\sectref{sec:ComplSemi}).
A: word: sílɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: finish.COMPL
B: word: sílɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: finish.COMPL
C: word: sílɛ	 gloss: finish
D: word: nu-h	 gloss: 1-PRS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wɛ dyúwɔ-H ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.PST1 hear-R ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Have you understood?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All of these examples have in common that the aspect marker conveys a meaning of completeness. They are usually translated into French as {\itshape déjà} `already' by speakers. In \REF{mo3}, the people have completely left, in \REF{mo4}, the generation has completely been wiped out, and in \REF{mo5}, the process of understanding has to be complete in order to count as understanding. \REF{MPL} shows how the \textsc{absolute completive} compares to other aspect categories that relate to notions of completeness or perfectiveness, such as the \textsc{perfect} {\itshape bwàà} (\sectref{sec:PSTPRF}) and the semi-auxiliary {\itshape sílɛ} `finish', which has a non-complete accomplishment reading (\sectref{sec:ComplSemi}).
A: word: a-h	 gloss: 1-PRS
B: word: njìmɔ̀	 gloss: ∅3.certain
C: word: lèmbṍõ̀	 gloss: know.COMPL
D: word: mɔ̀	 gloss: COMPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ ___ lâ kálàdɛ̀ yí-ndɛ̀
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ read emptyset7.book 7-ANA
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have read this book [more general/experiential].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent The example compares different aspect meanings in the situation of reading a book. If {\itshape mɔ̀} is used, the interpretation is that the book has been read entirely. Therefore, I call this aspect category \textsc{absolute completive}. In comparison, the semi-auxiliary {\itshape sílɛ} `finish', also carries a completive meaning in that the person has finished reading the book. The use of {\itshape sílɛ}, however, does not entail that the book has been read in its entirety, just that the subject has stopped reading (parts of) it. Therefore, I label this aspect \textsc{non-complete accomplishment}. The \textsc{perfect} use in \REF{MPL3} suggests a more general and maybe experiential reading.
A: word: bùdɛ́	 gloss: have.R
B: word: láà-h	 gloss: tell-R
C: word: pã́ã̀-h	 gloss: do.first-H
D: word: bwàà-h	 gloss: have-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nyɛ náà m-ùdì w-ã́ã̀ mɛ ___ nà nzà
Gloss (with missing item): 1 COMP N1-person 1-POSS.1SG 1SG ___ COM emptyset9.hunger
The English translation of this sentence is:`She [said]: ``My person, I'm dead hungry''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, the \textsc{absolute completive} is used in more figurative and idiomatic ways. In \REF{mo8}, for instance, Nzambi's wife states that she is starving, using the \textsc{absolute completive} for {\itshape wɛ̀} `die', even though, obviously, she is still alive.
A: word: dígɛ̂	 gloss: look.IMP
B: word: wɛ̀	 gloss: die
C: word: wɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: die.COMPL
D: word: sílɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: finish.COMPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yɔ́ɔ̀ Nzàmbí kì-H nâ bon mɛ nìyɛ-H ___
Gloss (with missing item): so emptyset1.PN say-R COMP good[French] 1SG.PST1 return-H ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`So Nzambi says: ``Good, I am returning home''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent In the same way, speakers use the \textsc{absolute completive} in situations of announcing their departure, as in \REF{mo9}, although, literally, they have not left yet.
A: word: lèmbo	 gloss: know
B: word: mɔ̀	 gloss: COMPL
C: word: njìmɔ̀	 gloss: ∅3.certain
D: word: lèmbṍõ̀	 gloss: know.COMPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ ___ mɔ̀ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ COMPL OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have cooked the food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: I consider the \textsc{absolute completive} to indicate the realis mood, since the finite verb always surfaces with a final H tone, which is characteristic of this mood category (\sectref{sec:GramTM} and \sectref{sec:SynH}). In comparison to other simple predicate constructions, the verb in the \textsc{absolute completive} never appears phrase finally, since the \textsc{absolute completive} marker {\itshape mɔ̀} behaves as a post-verbal element. In \REF{PROGtone1A}, the grammatical H tone thus appears on the final vowel of {\itshape gyámbɔ} `cook'.
A: word: gyámbɔ-gyambɔ-h	 gloss: prepare-prepare-R
B: word: gyámbɔ̃́ɔ̃̀	 gloss: cook:R:PRF
C: word: nyíì	 gloss: enter.SBJV
D: word: gyámbɔ-h	 gloss: cook-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ ___ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have cooked the food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent The more grammaticalized variant in \REF{PROGtone2A} also carries the H tone. Here, the verb and the \textsc{completive} marker {\itshape mɔ̀} have fused, resulting in a long final vowel that is nasalized and that reflects the tonal pattern of the {\itshape mɔ̀} variant: first the grammatical H tone and then the L tone of the postverbal aspect marker, surfacing as a long HL vowel.
A: word: gyámbɔ̃́ɔ̃̀	 gloss: cook:R:PRF
B: word: kɛ̃́ɛ̃̀	 gloss: go.COMPL
C: word: gyámbɔ-h	 gloss: cook-R
D: word: lámbɔ̃́ɔ̃̀	 gloss: trap.R.COMPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A