cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Àdà nà Màmbì báà ___
Gloss (with missing item): ∅1.PN COM ∅1.PN 2.COP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ada and Mambi are teachers.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike full nouns, nominalized past participles never allow a plural form. Thus, while the nominal predicate in \REF{NounPart2a} takes the plural noun class marker {\itshape ba}-, agreeing in number with the subject, this is not the case for the nominalized past participle in \REF{NounPart2b}.
A: word: dyâ	 gloss: lie.down
B: word: ngɛ̀lɛ́nɛ̀	 gloss: emptyset1.English
C: word: b-ùdì	 gloss: ba2-person
D: word: ba-ngɛ̀lɛ́nɛ̀	 gloss: ba2-teacher
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Àdà nà Màmbì báà ___
Gloss (with missing item): ∅1.PN COM ∅1.PN 2.COP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ada and Mambi are married [lit. are married ones].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike full nouns, nominalized past participles never allow a plural form. Thus, while the nominal predicate in \REF{NounPart2a} takes the plural noun class marker {\itshape ba}-, agreeing in number with the subject, this is not the case for the nominalized past participle in \REF{NounPart2b}.
A: word: m-bán-a	 gloss: N-marry-NOM
B: word: bâ-h	 gloss: marry-R
C: word: bí-báà	 gloss: 7-two
D: word: kɛ́-kɛ́-kɛ́-kɛ́-kɛ́	 gloss: IDEO:repeated.placement
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a-H ___ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1-PRS ___ OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman looks for food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the simple predicate construction in \REF{simPred}, the main verb {\itshape gyɛ́sɔ́} `look for' is the syntactic and semantic head of the clause.
A: word: gyɛ́sɔ	 gloss: look.for
B: word: gyɛ́sɔ-h	 gloss: look.for-R
C: word: dígɛ-h	 gloss: look-R
D: word: ná	 gloss: still
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a-H ___ gyɛ́sɔ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1-PRS ___ look.for OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman must not look for food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In contrast, in a complex predicate construction, the main verb is the semantic head of the clause. An auxiliary or light verb serves as the syntactic head, as exemplified in \REF{simPredb} with the negative subjunctive auxiliary verb {\itshape the morpheme ___}. In this example, the auxiliary is the finite verb encoding the tense-mood category it belongs to. The main verb takes its non-finite form, namely with an underlyingly toneless final vowel, as described in \sectref{sec:toneless}.
A: word: dúù	 gloss: NEG.SBJV
B: word: áá	 gloss: EXCL
C: word: bɛ́ɛ̀	 gloss: be.SBJV
D: word: púù	 gloss: emptyset7.reason
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a-H dúù ___ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1-PRS NEG.SBJV ___ OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman must not look for food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In contrast, in a complex predicate construction, the main verb is the semantic head of the clause. An auxiliary or light verb serves as the syntactic head, as exemplified in \REF{simPredb} with the negative subjunctive auxiliary verb {\itshape dúù}. In this example, the auxiliary is the finite verb encoding the tense-mood category it belongs to. The main verb takes its non-finite form, namely with an underlyingly toneless final vowel, as described in \sectref{sec:toneless}.
A: word: dígɛ̀	 gloss: look
B: word: lùnga-h	 gloss: grow-R
C: word: gyɛ́sɔ	 gloss: look.for
D: word: gyɛ́sɔ-h	 gloss: look.for-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a-H ___ gyɛ́sɔ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1-PRS ___ look.for OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman must not look for food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The non-finite form in \REF{simPredb} is, at the same time, the {\bfseries infinitive} form. Infinitive forms in Gyeli do not receive any special morphological or tonal marking, but are identical to their citation form. As shown in \sectref{sec:Tinventory}, second and third syllables are underlyingly toneless, surfacing with an L tone. Infinitive forms are found in complex predicates \REF{simPredb} as well as two types of subordinate clauses. First, they occur in subordinate infinitival clauses (\sectref{sec:InfSub}), as in \REF{INFPred1}.
A: word: dúù	 gloss: NEG.SBJV
B: word: púù	 gloss: emptyset7.reason
C: word: bɛ́ɛ̀	 gloss: be.SBJV
D: word: wà	 gloss: 1:ATT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a-H dúù ___ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1-PRS NEG.SBJV ___ OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman must not look for food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The non-finite form in \REF{simPredb} is, at the same time, the {\bfseries infinitive} form. Infinitive forms in Gyeli do not receive any special morphological or tonal marking, but are identical to their citation form. As shown in \sectref{sec:Tinventory}, second and third syllables are underlyingly toneless, surfacing with an L tone. Infinitive forms are found in complex predicates \REF{simPredb} as well as two types of subordinate clauses. First, they occur in subordinate infinitival clauses (\sectref{sec:InfSub}), as in \REF{INFPred1}.
A: word: dígɛ̀	 gloss: look
B: word: gyɛ́sɔ-h	 gloss: look.for-R
C: word: dyâ-h	 gloss: lie.down-R
D: word: gyɛ́sɔ	 gloss: look.for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a-H ___ gyɛ́sɔ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1-PRS ___ look.for OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman must not look for food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The non-finite form in \REF{simPredb} is, at the same time, the {\bfseries infinitive} form. Infinitive forms in Gyeli do not receive any special morphological or tonal marking, but are identical to their citation form. As shown in \sectref{sec:Tinventory}, second and third syllables are underlyingly toneless, surfacing with an L tone. Infinitive forms are found in complex predicates \REF{simPredb} as well as two types of subordinate clauses. First, they occur in subordinate infinitival clauses (\sectref{sec:InfSub}), as in \REF{INFPred1}.
A: word: bɛ́ɛ̀	 gloss: be.SBJV
B: word: dúù	 gloss: NEG.SBJV
C: word: yánɛ-h	 gloss: must-R
D: word: púù	 gloss: emptyset7.reason
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a-H dúù ___ H-be-déwɔ̀
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1-PRS NEG.SBJV ___ OBJ.LINK-be8-food
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman must not look for food.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The non-finite form in \REF{simPredb} is, at the same time, the {\bfseries infinitive} form. Infinitive forms in Gyeli do not receive any special morphological or tonal marking, but are identical to their citation form. As shown in \sectref{sec:Tinventory}, second and third syllables are underlyingly toneless, surfacing with an L tone. Infinitive forms are found in complex predicates \REF{simPredb} as well as two types of subordinate clauses. First, they occur in subordinate infinitival clauses (\sectref{sec:InfSub}), as in \REF{INFPred1}.
A: word: gyɛ́sɔ	 gloss: look.for
B: word: dígɛ̀	 gloss: look
C: word: dɔ̃̀	 gloss: so[French]
D: word: gyɛ́sɔ-h	 gloss: look.for-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ tísɔ̀nì a-H súmɛlɛ-H b-ùdì
Gloss (with missing item): ___ emptyset7.town 1-PRS greet-R ba2-people
The English translation of this sentence is:`Having arrived in town, he greets the people.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The non-finite form in \REF{simPredb} is, at the same time, the {\bfseries infinitive} form. Infinitive forms in Gyeli do not receive any special morphological or tonal marking, but are identical to their citation form. As shown in \sectref{sec:Tinventory}, second and third syllables are underlyingly toneless, surfacing with an L tone. Infinitive forms are found in complex predicates \REF{simPredb} as well as two types of subordinate clauses. First, they occur in subordinate infinitival clauses (\sectref{sec:InfSub}), as in \REF{INFPred1}.
A: word: yánɛ-h	 gloss: must-R
B: word: sɔ́ɔ̀	 gloss: dbbefore
C: word: pámɔ	 gloss: dbarrive
D: word: pámɔ-h	 gloss: arrive-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a múà nà bábɛ̀ tí ___ wɛ̀
Gloss (with missing item): 1 be COM ∅7.illness NEG ___ die
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was sick, not wanting to die.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent These subordinate infinitival clauses can also be negated with the negative auxiliary {\itshape tí}, as in \REF{INFPred2}.
A: word: wúmbɛ	 gloss: want-R
B: word: yánɛ-h	 gloss: must-R
C: word: bɛ̀-h	 gloss: be-R
D: word: wúmbɛ-lɛ́	 gloss: want-NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): m-ùdã̂ a lɔ́ sìs-ɛlɛ n-ɔ́nɛ́gá nâ nyɛ̂ nà ___
Gloss (with missing item): N1-woman 1.PST RETRO scare-APPL 1-other dbCOMP 1 COM ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The woman scared the other by her coughing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent And second, the main verb of certain attributive clauses with the complementizer {\itshape nâ} appears in its infinitival form, as shown in \REF{INFPred3} and explained in more detail in \sectref{sec:COMPINF}.
A: word: kɔ́sɛ	 gloss: cough
B: word: lùnga-h	 gloss: grow-R
C: word: bábɛ̀	 gloss: ∅7.illness
D: word: by-ɛ́sɛ̀	 gloss: 8-all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yɔ́ɔ̀ ba-H ___ kɛ̀ndɛ̀
Gloss (with missing item): so 2-PRS ___ emptyset7.walk
The English translation of this sentence is:`So they go on a walk.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: At the same time, the cognate objects can also appear with other verbs, as shown in \REF{CognO}.
A: word: áá	 gloss: EXCL
B: word: táálɛ-h	 gloss: begin-R
C: word: téè-h	 gloss: start.walking-R
D: word: dè-h	 gloss: eat-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yɔ́ɔ̀ ba-H téè-H ___
Gloss (with missing item): so 2-PRS start.walking-R ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`So they go on a walk.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: At the same time, the cognate objects can also appear with other verbs, as shown in \REF{CognO}.
A: word: nà	 gloss: CONJ
B: word: bí-ndɛ̀	 gloss: 8-ANA
C: word: sálɛ-h	 gloss: emptyset7.work
D: word: kɛ̀ndɛ̀	 gloss: emptyset7.walk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ ___ dyâ vâ kùgúù dẽ̀ ma-fú má-báà
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ lie.down here emptyset7.evening today ma6-day 6-two
The English translation of this sentence is:`I had to sleep here in the evening two days ago [from today].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A set of verbs in Gyeli occur as the finite verbal element in a complex predicate construction without (fully) contributing to its lexical content. (Complex predicate constructions are discussed in \sectref{sec:CompPred}.) I call these verbs ``auxiliaries'', which I subdivide into true auxiliaries and semi-auxiliaries. They both precede the lexical verb. \REF{G114} illustrates the contrast between a complex predicate with a semi-auxiliary (the modal {\itshape yánɛ} `must') in \REF{G114a} and its simplex predicate counterpart in \REF{G114b}. In the complex predicate construction, the semi-auxiliary {\itshape yánɛ} is inflected for tense-mood (see \sectref{sec:GramTM}), while the lexical verb {\itshape dyâ} `lie down' appears in its non-finite form. In the simplex predicate construction, the lexical verb receives the tense-mood marking H tone.
A: word: dúù-h	 gloss: must.not-R
B: word: yánɛ-h	 gloss: must-R
C: word: ndɛ̀	 gloss: ANA
D: word: bá-tánɛ̀	 gloss: 2-five
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ yánɛ-H ___ vâ kùgúù dẽ̀ ma-fú má-báà
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG must-R ___ here emptyset7.evening today ma6-day 6-two
The English translation of this sentence is:`I had to sleep here in the evening two days ago [from today].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A set of verbs in Gyeli occur as the finite verbal element in a complex predicate construction without (fully) contributing to its lexical content. (Complex predicate constructions are discussed in \sectref{sec:CompPred}.) I call these verbs ``auxiliaries'', which I subdivide into true auxiliaries and semi-auxiliaries. They both precede the lexical verb. \REF{G114} illustrates the contrast between a complex predicate with a semi-auxiliary (the modal {\itshape yánɛ} `must') in \REF{G114a} and its simplex predicate counterpart in \REF{G114b}. In the complex predicate construction, the semi-auxiliary {\itshape yánɛ} is inflected for tense-mood (see \sectref{sec:GramTM}), while the lexical verb {\itshape the morpheme ___} `lie down' appears in its non-finite form. In the simplex predicate construction, the lexical verb receives the tense-mood marking H tone.
A: word: m-bán-a	 gloss: N-marry-NOM
B: word: dyâ-h	 gloss: lie.down-R
C: word: dyâ	 gloss: lie.down
D: word: dé	 gloss: LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mɛ ___ vâ kùgúù dẽ̀ ma-fú má-báà
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.PST ___ here emptyset7.evening today ma6-day 6-two
The English translation of this sentence is:`I slept here in the evening two days ago [from today].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A set of verbs in Gyeli occur as the finite verbal element in a complex predicate construction without (fully) contributing to its lexical content. (Complex predicate constructions are discussed in \sectref{sec:CompPred}.) I call these verbs ``auxiliaries'', which I subdivide into true auxiliaries and semi-auxiliaries. They both precede the lexical verb. \REF{G114} illustrates the contrast between a complex predicate with a semi-auxiliary (the modal {\itshape yánɛ} `must') in \REF{G114a} and its simplex predicate counterpart in \REF{G114b}. In the complex predicate construction, the semi-auxiliary {\itshape yánɛ} is inflected for tense-mood (see \sectref{sec:GramTM}), while the lexical verb {\itshape dyâ} `lie down' appears in its non-finite form. In the simplex predicate construction, the lexical verb receives the tense-mood marking H tone.
A: word: dyâ-h	 gloss: lie.down-R
B: word: gyâ-h	 gloss: sing-R
C: word: wà	 gloss: 1:ATT
D: word: bô-h	 gloss: lie-R
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Gyeli. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mi-nsáyá mí bèya-H sâ mi-H bɛ́-lɛ́ ___
Gloss (with missing item): mi4-thing 4:ATT 2PL-PRS do 4-PRS be-NEG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The things that you do are not good.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent The adjective clearly shows no agreement morphology, although this would be expected with all plural classes. The same is true for an adjectival complement in a negative non-verbal construction, as in \REF{qualif6}.
A: word: mpà	 gloss: good
B: word: mùdà	 gloss: great
C: word: mpàgó	 gloss: dbemptyset3.street
D: word: voilà	 gloss: ok[French]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A