cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-nyúmbu ne=mi-círa ___
Gloss (with missing item): NP2-wildebeest COM=NP4-tail ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The wildebeests and their tails.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form of the connective also changes depending on the nature of the dependent noun. When the dependent is a noun that cannot take an augment, the vowel of the connective stem is always /a/, in both Namibian and Zambian Fwe. This is the case with proper names, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref492119044}), and adverbs, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491175346}). The vowel of the connective is also realized as a when used with a demonstrative pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71190780}--\ref{bkm:Ref71190782}), as opposed to when the connective is used with an adnominal demonstrative, in which case the vowel of the connective is determined by the augment of the demonstrative; see (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}).
A: word: u-á=bená	 gloss: PP3-CON=DEM.IV2
B: word: ri-á=ba-njovu	 gloss: PP5\--CON=NP2-elephant
C: word: i-á=bo	 gloss: PP4-CON=DEM.III2
D: word: ba-o=kú-mu-nzi	 gloss: PP2-CON=NP17-NP3-village
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e-ci-ntu ne=ci-ntu ci-kwesi o-bu-rótu ___ no=bu-bbí bu-a=có
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-NP7-thing COM=NP7-thing SM7-have AUG-NP14-good ___ COM=AUG-NP14-bad PP14-CON=DEM.III7
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Everything has its advantage and its disadvantage.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form of the connective also changes depending on the nature of the dependent noun. When the dependent is a noun that cannot take an augment, the vowel of the connective stem is always /a/, in both Namibian and Zambian Fwe. This is the case with proper names, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref492119044}), and adverbs, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491175346}). The vowel of the connective is also realized as a when used with a demonstrative pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71190780}--\ref{bkm:Ref71190782}), as opposed to when the connective is used with an adnominal demonstrative, in which case the vowel of the connective is determined by the augment of the demonstrative; see (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}).
A: word: i-e=cí	 gloss: PP4-CON=DEM.I7
B: word: no=bu-ató	 gloss: COM=NP14-canoe
C: word: bu-a=có	 gloss: PP14-CON=DEM.III7
D: word: zi-onshéː	 gloss: PP10-all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e-ci-ntu ne=ci-ntu ci-kwesi o-bu-rótu bu-a=có no=bu-bbí ___
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-NP7-thing COM=NP7-thing SM7-have AUG-NP14-good PP14-CON=DEM.III7 COM=AUG-NP14-bad ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Everything has its advantage and its disadvantage.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form of the connective also changes depending on the nature of the dependent noun. When the dependent is a noun that cannot take an augment, the vowel of the connective stem is always /a/, in both Namibian and Zambian Fwe. This is the case with proper names, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref492119044}), and adverbs, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491175346}). The vowel of the connective is also realized as a when used with a demonstrative pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71190780}--\ref{bkm:Ref71190782}), as opposed to when the connective is used with an adnominal demonstrative, in which case the vowel of the connective is determined by the augment of the demonstrative; see (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}).
A: word: kú-∅-mbwá	 gloss: NP17-NP1a-dog
B: word: i-e=cí	 gloss: PP4-CON=DEM.I7
C: word: bu-a=có	 gloss: PP14-CON=DEM.III7
D: word: no=bu-ató	 gloss: COM=NP14-canoe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ i-e=cí ci-shamú N-mu-shamú
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PP4-CON=DEM.I7 NP7-tree COP-NP3-medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The roots of this tree are medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form of the connective also changes depending on the nature of the dependent noun. When the dependent is a noun that cannot take an augment, the vowel of the connective stem is always /a/, in both Namibian and Zambian Fwe. This is the case with proper names, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref492119044}), and adverbs, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491175346}). The vowel of the connective is also realized as a when used with a demonstrative pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71190780}--\ref{bkm:Ref71190782}), as opposed to when the connective is used with an adnominal demonstrative, in which case the vowel of the connective is determined by the augment of the demonstrative; see (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}).
A: word: e-mi-ísi	 gloss: AUG-NP4-root
B: word: e-n-tusó	 gloss: AUG-NP9-help
C: word: e-mi-sumo	 gloss: AUG-NP4-pole
D: word: kúnu	 gloss: DEM.II17
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e-mi-ísi ___ ci-shamú N-mu-shamú
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-NP4-root ___ NP7-tree COP-NP3-medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The roots of this tree are medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form of the connective also changes depending on the nature of the dependent noun. When the dependent is a noun that cannot take an augment, the vowel of the connective stem is always /a/, in both Namibian and Zambian Fwe. This is the case with proper names, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref492119044}), and adverbs, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491175346}). The vowel of the connective is also realized as a when used with a demonstrative pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71190780}--\ref{bkm:Ref71190782}), as opposed to when the connective is used with an adnominal demonstrative, in which case the vowel of the connective is determined by the augment of the demonstrative; see (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}).
A: word: zi-o=mú-ru-wa	 gloss: PP8-CON=NP18-NP11-field
B: word: i-e=cí	 gloss: PP4-CON=DEM.I7
C: word: i-á=bo	 gloss: PP4-CON=DEM.III2
D: word: u-e=ci-sizaní	 gloss: PP1-CON=NP7-female
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e-mi-ísi i-e=cí ___ N-mu-shamú
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-NP4-root PP4-CON=DEM.I7 ___ COP-NP3-medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The roots of this tree are medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form of the connective also changes depending on the nature of the dependent noun. When the dependent is a noun that cannot take an augment, the vowel of the connective stem is always /a/, in both Namibian and Zambian Fwe. This is the case with proper names, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref492119044}), and adverbs, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491175346}). The vowel of the connective is also realized as a when used with a demonstrative pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71190780}--\ref{bkm:Ref71190782}), as opposed to when the connective is used with an adnominal demonstrative, in which case the vowel of the connective is determined by the augment of the demonstrative; see (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}).
A: word: ba-o=kú-mu-nzi	 gloss: PP2-CON=NP17-NP3-village
B: word: zi-kúni	 gloss: NP8-tree
C: word: ci-shamú	 gloss: NP7-tree
D: word: zi-shamú	 gloss: NP8-tree
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ba-ntu ___
Gloss (with missing item): NP2-person ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the people of the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another group of nouns that never take an augment are nouns marked with a locative prefix of class 16, 17 or 18. With these nouns, however, the vowel of the connective is not consistently realized as a-, but as o- with class 17 and 18, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99548320}--\ref{bkm:Ref75251506}), and as a- with class 16, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref75251507}). These forms resemble the augment, which is determined by vowel harmony with the nominal prefix, and therefore the expected augment with class 16 would be a-, and o- with class 17 and 18, even though these nouns may never take an augment.
A: word: o-bu-háro	 gloss: AUG-NP14-life
B: word: kú-mu-nzi	 gloss: NP17-NP3-village
C: word: ba-o=mú-mu-nzi	 gloss: PP2-CON=NP18-NP3-village
D: word: ba-o=kú-mu-nzi	 gloss: PP2-CON=NP17-NP3-village
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zi-ryó ___
Gloss (with missing item): NP8-food ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the crops of the field’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another group of nouns that never take an augment are nouns marked with a locative prefix of class 16, 17 or 18. With these nouns, however, the vowel of the connective is not consistently realized as a-, but as o- with class 17 and 18, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99548320}--\ref{bkm:Ref75251506}), and as a- with class 16, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref75251507}). These forms resemble the augment, which is determined by vowel harmony with the nominal prefix, and therefore the expected augment with class 16 would be a-, and o- with class 17 and 18, even though these nouns may never take an augment.
A: word: ku-ru-wa	 gloss: NP17-NP11-field
B: word: zi-o=mú-ru-wa	 gloss: PP8-CON=NP18-NP11-field
C: word: ená	 gloss: DEM.IV6
D: word: ri-o=mú-bu-sunso	 gloss: PP5-CON=NP18-NP14-relish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zi-ryó ___
Gloss (with missing item): NP8-food ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the food at the party’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another group of nouns that never take an augment are nouns marked with a locative prefix of class 16, 17 or 18. With these nouns, however, the vowel of the connective is not consistently realized as a-, but as o- with class 17 and 18, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99548320}--\ref{bkm:Ref75251506}), and as a- with class 16, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref75251507}). These forms resemble the augment, which is determined by vowel harmony with the nominal prefix, and therefore the expected augment with class 16 would be a-, and o- with class 17 and 18, even though these nouns may never take an augment.
A: word: há-mu-kití	 gloss: NP16-NP3-party
B: word: ha-mu-kití	 gloss: NP16-NP3-party
C: word: kú-ba-ntu	 gloss: NP17-NP2-person
D: word: zi-a=há-mu-kití	 gloss: PP8-CON=NP16-NP3-party
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ i-e=cí ci-shamú N-mu-shamú
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PP4-CON=DEM.I7 NP7-tree COP-NP3-medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The roots of this tree are medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactically, the connective clitic behaves like a separate word. When combined with nouns that have a pre-nominal modifier, such as a demonstrative, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}), the connective clitic is marked on the demonstrative, not the noun itself. This shows that the connective behaves like a phrasal clitic, rather than a nominal affix.
A: word: e-mi-sumo	 gloss: AUG-NP4-pole
B: word: e-n-tusó	 gloss: AUG-NP9-help
C: word: kúnu	 gloss: DEM.II17
D: word: e-mi-ísi	 gloss: AUG-NP4-root
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e-mi-ísi ___ ci-shamú N-mu-shamú
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-NP4-root ___ NP7-tree COP-NP3-medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The roots of this tree are medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactically, the connective clitic behaves like a separate word. When combined with nouns that have a pre-nominal modifier, such as a demonstrative, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}), the connective clitic is marked on the demonstrative, not the noun itself. This shows that the connective behaves like a phrasal clitic, rather than a nominal affix.
A: word: o-bu-háro	 gloss: AUG-NP14-life
B: word: i-e=cí	 gloss: PP4-CON=DEM.I7
C: word: i-á=bo	 gloss: PP4-CON=DEM.III2
D: word: u-e=ci-sizaní	 gloss: PP1-CON=NP7-female
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e-mi-ísi i-e=cí ___ N-mu-shamú
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-NP4-root PP4-CON=DEM.I7 ___ COP-NP3-medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The roots of this tree are medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactically, the connective clitic behaves like a separate word. When combined with nouns that have a pre-nominal modifier, such as a demonstrative, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491276208}--\ref{bkm:Ref491276210}), the connective clitic is marked on the demonstrative, not the noun itself. This shows that the connective behaves like a phrasal clitic, rather than a nominal affix.
A: word: zi-shamú	 gloss: NP8-tree
B: word: mu-enshéː	 gloss: PP2PL-all
C: word: zi-kúni	 gloss: NP8-tree
D: word: ci-shamú	 gloss: NP7-tree
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ zi-onshéː na-zí̲-a-ur-is-iw-a
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PP10-all REM-SM10-PST-buy-CAUS-PASS-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘All the cattle have been sold.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier onshéː is used with the meaning ‘all, every, each, any’. It is typically used after the noun it modifies, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549023}), but may also be used before the noun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549040}). The pronominal prefix used with this quantifier is realized as low-toned.
A: word: ndi-n-ŋombe	 gloss: COP-NP9-cow
B: word: e-n-ŋombe	 gloss: AUG-NP10-cow
C: word: e-n-ŋombé	 gloss: AUG-NP10-cow
D: word: kú-∅-mvúra	 gloss: NP17-NP1a-rain
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e-N-ŋombe ___ na-zí̲-a-ur-is-iw-a
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-NP10-cow ___ REM-SM10-PST-buy-CAUS-PASS-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘All the cattle have been sold.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier onshéː is used with the meaning ‘all, every, each, any’. It is typically used after the noun it modifies, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549023}), but may also be used before the noun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549040}). The pronominal prefix used with this quantifier is realized as low-toned.
A: word: ci-shamú	 gloss: NP7-tree
B: word: i-onshéː	 gloss: PP9-all
C: word: zi-onshéː	 gloss: PP10-all
D: word: mu-ru-shará	 gloss: NP18-NP11-back
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): háiba ___ mu-berek-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): if ___ SM2PL-work-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If you all are working…’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier onshéː may also be used with pronominal prefixes of the first and second person, with an interpretation of ‘all of us/you; us/you together’, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549290}--\ref{bkm:Ref99549291}).
A: word: shunu	 gloss: today
B: word: mu-enshéː	 gloss: PP2PL-all
C: word: rí-ryo	 gloss: EMPH-DEM.III5
D: word: tu-enshéː	 gloss: PP1PL-all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na-dam-w-á̲ ___ bá-ngíː
Gloss (with missing item): SM1.PST-beat-PASS-FV ___ PP2-many
The English translation of this sentence is:‘S/he was beaten by many people.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier ngíː ‘many; other’ is typically used after the noun it modifies, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549339}--\ref{bkm:Ref99549360}), though a prenominal position is also possible, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549341}).
A: word: n-ba-ntu	 gloss: COP-NP2-person
B: word: ba-ntú	 gloss: NP2-person
C: word: kú-ba-ntu	 gloss: NP17-NP2-person
D: word: kúnu	 gloss: DEM.II17
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na-dam-w-á̲ kú-ba-ntu ___
Gloss (with missing item): SM1.PST-beat-PASS-FV NP17-NP2-person ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘S/he was beaten by many people.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier ngíː ‘many; other’ is typically used after the noun it modifies, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549339}--\ref{bkm:Ref99549360}), though a prenominal position is also possible, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref99549341}).
A: word: zí-ngíː	 gloss: PP8-many
B: word: ci-shamú	 gloss: NP7-tree
C: word: a-aku-shí-ŋor-a	 gloss: SM1-NPST.IPFV-PER-write-FV
D: word: bá-ngíː	 gloss: PP2-many
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D