cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndi-ruH-shak-á̲ o-rú ___
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-OM11-like-FV AUG-DEM.I11 ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I like this song.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right dislocation differs from left dislocation, however, in the phonological phrasing of the dislocated constituent. Whereas left-dislocated constituents are always followed by a prosodic boundary, a prosodic boundary preceding the right-dislocated constituent is optional. Examples of right-dislocated constituents that do function as a separate phrase are given in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), as seen from the application of phrase-final tonal processes on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent. An example of a right-dislocated constituent which is not preceded by a prosodic boundary is given in (\ref{bkm:Ref492136669}), as seen from the lack of high tone retraction on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent.
A: word: u-enú	 gloss: PP1-POSS2PL
B: word: ku-zyímb-a	 gloss: INF-sing-FV
C: word: ru-zyímbo	 gloss: NP11-song
D: word: ru-tángo	 gloss: NP11-story
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndí̲-a-ya=mó̲ ___ o-mu-nzi
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18 ___ AUG-NP3-village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ve been to that village.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right dislocation differs from left dislocation, however, in the phonological phrasing of the dislocated constituent. Whereas left-dislocated constituents are always followed by a prosodic boundary, a prosodic boundary preceding the right-dislocated constituent is optional. Examples of right-dislocated constituents that do function as a separate phrase are given in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), as seen from the application of phrase-final tonal processes on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent. An example of a right-dislocated constituent which is not preceded by a prosodic boundary is given in (\ref{bkm:Ref492136669}), as seen from the lack of high tone retraction on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent.
A: word: mo-winá	 gloss: NP18-DEM.IV3
B: word: mú-kwamé	 gloss: NP1-man
C: word: mu-o-winá	 gloss: NP18-DEM.IV3
D: word: ha-e-riná	 gloss: NP16-AUG-DEM.IV5
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndí̲-a-ya=mó̲ mo-winá ___
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18 NP18-DEM.IV3 ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ve been to that village.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right dislocation differs from left dislocation, however, in the phonological phrasing of the dislocated constituent. Whereas left-dislocated constituents are always followed by a prosodic boundary, a prosodic boundary preceding the right-dislocated constituent is optional. Examples of right-dislocated constituents that do function as a separate phrase are given in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), as seen from the application of phrase-final tonal processes on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent. An example of a right-dislocated constituent which is not preceded by a prosodic boundary is given in (\ref{bkm:Ref492136669}), as seen from the lack of high tone retraction on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent.
A: word: o-mu-nzi	 gloss: AUG-NP3-village
B: word: o-zyú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I1
C: word: mu-nzi	 gloss: NP3-village
D: word: ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: NP17-NP3-village
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu-ruH-shak-á̲ ___ ru-zyímbo
Gloss (with missing item): SM2PL-OM11-like-FV ___ NP11-song
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Do you like this song?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right dislocation differs from left dislocation, however, in the phonological phrasing of the dislocated constituent. Whereas left-dislocated constituents are always followed by a prosodic boundary, a prosodic boundary preceding the right-dislocated constituent is optional. Examples of right-dislocated constituents that do function as a separate phrase are given in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), as seen from the application of phrase-final tonal processes on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent. An example of a right-dislocated constituent which is not preceded by a prosodic boundary is given in (\ref{bkm:Ref492136669}), as seen from the lack of high tone retraction on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent.
A: word: ka-ndi-rú-shak-í̲	 gloss: NEG-SM1SG-OM11-like-NEG
B: word: e-í	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I9
C: word: o-rú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I11
D: word: i-onké	 gloss: PP5-one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu-ruH-shak-á̲ o-rú ___
Gloss (with missing item): SM2PL-OM11-like-FV AUG-DEM.I11 ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Do you like this song?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right dislocation differs from left dislocation, however, in the phonological phrasing of the dislocated constituent. Whereas left-dislocated constituents are always followed by a prosodic boundary, a prosodic boundary preceding the right-dislocated constituent is optional. Examples of right-dislocated constituents that do function as a separate phrase are given in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), as seen from the application of phrase-final tonal processes on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent. An example of a right-dislocated constituent which is not preceded by a prosodic boundary is given in (\ref{bkm:Ref492136669}), as seen from the lack of high tone retraction on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent.
A: word: ru-zyímbo	 gloss: NP11-song
B: word: ku-zyímb-a	 gloss: INF-sing-FV
C: word: mbó-bu-ryáho	 gloss: COP.DEF14-NP14-like_that
D: word: ru-tángo	 gloss: NP11-story
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndi-ké̲ːzy-a ku-tónd-a ___ ndu-∅-ngwe
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-come-FV INF-see-FV ___ COP1a-NP1a-leopard
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I came and saw that it is a leopard.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The forms kùtí / kùtêyè / ìyé can introduce various types of dependent clauses. It can be used to introduce a complement clause, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref490816023}), where ìyé marks a complement clause that functions as the object of the main clause verb shòshùwírè ‘you hear’. A complement clause marked by kùtí is illustrated in (\ref{bkm:Ref494562355}), and a complement clause introduced by kùtêyè in (\ref{bkm:Ref494562359}).
A: word: ná̲-na-ku-kut-i	 gloss: REM-SM1.PST-OM2SG-curse-NPST.PFV
B: word: ne=yé	 gloss: COM=PERS3SG
C: word: mbó-bu-ryáho	 gloss: COP.DEF14-NP14-like_that
D: word: kutêye	 gloss: COMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mbo-á̲-shoHk-é̲ o-∅-mvúra ka-ndi-é̲nd-i
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NEAR.FUT-SM1a-rain-PFV.SBJV AUG-NP1a-rain NEG-SM1SG-go-NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If it rains, I will not go.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: háìbà is a borrowing from Lozi haiba ‘its gloss ___’ \citep[78]{Burger1960}. In Fwe, it may occur on its own, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71274435}--\ref{bkm:Ref490820378}), or it may combine with the native complementizer kùtí (and variations thereof), as in (\ref{bkm:Ref71274461}).
A: word: mú-kwamé	 gloss: NP1-man
B: word: háiba	 gloss: if
C: word: konó	 gloss: but
D: word: na-ndí̲-a-zibar-a	 gloss: REM-SM1SG-PST-forget-FV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ri-angú ka-ndí̲-keHker-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PP5-POSS1SG PST.IPFV-SM1SG-plough-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It was my field that I was ploughing.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Less complex nominal modifiers, such as a possessive or a numeral, are allowed in the clefted element, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref98513181}--\ref{bkm:Ref98513182}); the clefted element is marked in bold.
A: word: ri-angú	 gloss: PP5-POSS1SG
B: word: ndi-∅-sozú	 gloss: COP5-NP5-grass
C: word: ndi-∅-gámbuti	 gloss: COP5-NP5-boot
D: word: ndi-∅-wá	 gloss: COP5-NP5-field
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndi-∅-wá ___ ka-ndí̲-keHker-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): COP5-NP5-field ___ PST.IPFV-SM1SG-plough-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It was my field that I was ploughing.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Less complex nominal modifiers, such as a possessive or a numeral, are allowed in the clefted element, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref98513181}--\ref{bkm:Ref98513182}); the clefted element is marked in bold.
A: word: ri-angú	 gloss: PP5-POSS1SG
B: word: a-angú	 gloss: PP6-POSS1SG
C: word: i-angú	 gloss: PP9-POSS1SG
D: word: ndi-wé	 gloss: COP-PERS2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ i-onké tú̲-kabir-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PP5-one SM1PL\-.REL-enter-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It’s the same church that we go to.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Less complex nominal modifiers, such as a possessive or a numeral, are allowed in the clefted element, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref98513181}--\ref{bkm:Ref98513182}); the clefted element is marked in bold.
A: word: nji-∅-céci	 gloss: COP9-NP9-church
B: word: n-o-mó	 gloss: COP-AUG-DEM.III18
C: word: mú-∅-céci	 gloss: NP18-NP9-church
D: word: ku-rur-a	 gloss: INF-be_bitter-FV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nji-∅-céci ___ tú̲-kabir-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): COP9-NP9-church ___ SM1PL\-.REL-enter-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It’s the same church that we go to.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Less complex nominal modifiers, such as a possessive or a numeral, are allowed in the clefted element, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref98513181}--\ref{bkm:Ref98513182}); the clefted element is marked in bold.
A: word: i-onké	 gloss: PP5-one
B: word: ye-nkéː	 gloss: PP1-one
C: word: háiba	 gloss: if
D: word: ci-ongo	 gloss: NP7-storage
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ni-bá̲-kiH-toHboh-er-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PST-SM2-REFL-console-APPL-FV<REL>
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s how they consoled themselves.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The clefted element does not need to consist of a full noun, but can also consist of a demonstrative, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref449953081}), or a personal pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref449953090}).
A: word: i-onké	 gloss: PP5-one
B: word: n-o-mó	 gloss: COP-AUG-DEM.III18
C: word: sí-o-mu-bízu	 gloss: INC-AUG-NP3-something_ripe
D: word: nzé-zo	 gloss: COP.DEF8-DEM.III8
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ó̲-zyá̲ːk-a
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SM2SG.REL-build-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It is you who builds.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The clefted element does not need to consist of a full noun, but can also consist of a demonstrative, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref449953081}), or a personal pronoun, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref449953090}).
A: word: ka-ndi-mu-zyih-í̲	 gloss: NEG-SM1SG-OM1-know.STAT-NEG
B: word: o-rú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I11
C: word: ndi-wé	 gloss: COP-PERS2SG
D: word: ndi-nwé	 gloss: COP-PERS2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ á̲-bboHz-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SM\-1.REL-bark-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It’s a dog who barks.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any kind of constituent can be clefted; examples are given where the clefted element is a subject in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336656}), an object in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336657}), a locative in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336658}), an adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336660}), and a temporal adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336661}).
A: word: o-∅-mbwá	 gloss: AUG-NP1a-dog
B: word: u-enú	 gloss: PP1-POSS2PL
C: word: ndu-∅-mbwá	 gloss: COP1a-NP1a-dog
D: word: ku-∅-mbwá	 gloss: NP17-NP1a-dog
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hapé ___ ndí̲-zyabere
Gloss (with missing item): again ___ SM1SG.REL-wear.STAT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Again, it’s boots that I am wearing.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any kind of constituent can be clefted; examples are given where the clefted element is a subject in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336656}), an object in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336657}), a locative in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336658}), an adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336660}), and a temporal adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336661}).
A: word: ndi-∅-sozú	 gloss: COP5-NP5-grass
B: word: n-o-mó	 gloss: COP-AUG-DEM.III18
C: word: ndi-∅-wá	 gloss: COP5-NP5-field
D: word: ndi-∅-gámbuti	 gloss: COP5-NP5-boot
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): shunu ___ ndí̲-y-a
Gloss (with missing item): today ___ SM1SG.REL-go-FV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Today, it is to home that I go.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any kind of constituent can be clefted; examples are given where the clefted element is a subject in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336656}), an object in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336657}), a locative in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336658}), an adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336660}), and a temporal adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336661}).
A: word: ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: NP17-NP3-village
B: word: ku-mu-nzí	 gloss: NP17-NP3-village
C: word: ∅-ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: COP-NP17-NP3-village
D: word: a-á	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I6
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ni-í̲-a-pang-ahar-ir-á̲
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PST-SM9-PST-do-NEUT-APPL-FV<REL>
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That is how it happened.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any kind of constituent can be clefted; examples are given where the clefted element is a subject in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336656}), an object in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336657}), a locative in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336658}), an adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336660}), and a temporal adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336661}).
A: word: ∅-ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: COP-NP17-NP3-village
B: word: n-bu-ryahó	 gloss: COP-NP14-like_that
C: word: mbó-bu-ryahó	 gloss: COP.DEF14-NP14-like_that
D: word: mbó-bu-ryáho	 gloss: COP.DEF14-NP14-like_that
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ndi-a-tátik-i keːzy-a kunu
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SM1SG-PST-start-NPST.PFV come-FV DEM.II17
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It’s today that I started to come here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Any kind of constituent can be clefted; examples are given where the clefted element is a subject in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336656}), an object in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336657}), a locative in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336658}), an adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336660}), and a temporal adverb in (\ref{bkm:Ref75336661}).
A: word: ndi-shih-tw-á̲	 gloss: SM1SG-PER-pound-FV
B: word: ndi-∅-gámbuti	 gloss: COP5-NP5-boot
C: word: ndi-zyóna	 gloss: COP-tomorrow
D: word: ndi-shúnu	 gloss: COP-today
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D