cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma-yíː a-bor-é̲te
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NP6-egg SM6-rot-STAT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘These eggs, they’re rotten.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can be moved out of their canonical position to the beginning of the clause, in which case they are morphologically and prosodically marked as a separate phrase. The prosodic marking of left dislocation is most clearly seen by the application of phrase-final tonal processes, namely the realization of underlying high tones as falling and the shift of final high tones to the penultimate mora (see \sectref{bkm:Ref445214894} on tonal processes), for instance, the final falling tone in the dislocated subject constituent in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}). The morphological marking of left dislocation is only seen on dislocated constituents that function as an object or locative adjunct, in which case the dislocated constituent needs to be cross-referenced by an object marker, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778246}), or locative clitic, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778247}).
A: word: mú-kwamé	 gloss: NP1-man
B: word: a-á	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I6
C: word: e-cí	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I7
D: word: ne-ndí̲-a-ya-á̲	 gloss: REM-SM1SG-PST-kill-FV<REL>
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a-á ___ a-bor-é̲te
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-DEM.I6 ___ SM6-rot-STAT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘These eggs, they’re rotten.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can be moved out of their canonical position to the beginning of the clause, in which case they are morphologically and prosodically marked as a separate phrase. The prosodic marking of left dislocation is most clearly seen by the application of phrase-final tonal processes, namely the realization of underlying high tones as falling and the shift of final high tones to the penultimate mora (see \sectref{bkm:Ref445214894} on tonal processes), for instance, the final falling tone in the dislocated subject constituent in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}). The morphological marking of left dislocation is only seen on dislocated constituents that function as an object or locative adjunct, in which case the dislocated constituent needs to be cross-referenced by an object marker, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778246}), or locative clitic, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778247}).
A: word: e-∅-gíː	 gloss: AUG-NP5-egg
B: word: ma-yíː	 gloss: NP6-egg
C: word: a-á	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I6
D: word: ndí̲-a-ya=mó̲	 gloss: SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mú-kwamé ka-ndi-mu-zyiH-í̲
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NP1-man NEG-SM1SG-OM1-know.STAT-NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘This man, I don’t know him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can be moved out of their canonical position to the beginning of the clause, in which case they are morphologically and prosodically marked as a separate phrase. The prosodic marking of left dislocation is most clearly seen by the application of phrase-final tonal processes, namely the realization of underlying high tones as falling and the shift of final high tones to the penultimate mora (see \sectref{bkm:Ref445214894} on tonal processes), for instance, the final falling tone in the dislocated subject constituent in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}). The morphological marking of left dislocation is only seen on dislocated constituents that function as an object or locative adjunct, in which case the dislocated constituent needs to be cross-referenced by an object marker, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778246}), or locative clitic, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778247}).
A: word: o-zyú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I1
B: word: né=o-zyú	 gloss: COM=AUG-DEM.I1
C: word: o-zywiná	 gloss: AUG-DEM.IV1
D: word: ru-zyímbo	 gloss: NP11-song
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): o-zyú ___ ka-ndi-mu-zyiH-í̲
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-DEM.I1 ___ NEG-SM1SG-OM1-know.STAT-NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘This man, I don’t know him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can be moved out of their canonical position to the beginning of the clause, in which case they are morphologically and prosodically marked as a separate phrase. The prosodic marking of left dislocation is most clearly seen by the application of phrase-final tonal processes, namely the realization of underlying high tones as falling and the shift of final high tones to the penultimate mora (see \sectref{bkm:Ref445214894} on tonal processes), for instance, the final falling tone in the dislocated subject constituent in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}). The morphological marking of left dislocation is only seen on dislocated constituents that function as an object or locative adjunct, in which case the dislocated constituent needs to be cross-referenced by an object marker, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778246}), or locative clitic, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778247}).
A: word: o-mú-kwamé	 gloss: AUG-NP1-man
B: word: bá-mú-kwámé	 gloss: NP2-NP1-man
C: word: mú-kwamé	 gloss: NP1-man
D: word: o-rú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I11
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ o-mu-nzi ndi-á̲-y-a=mó̲
Gloss (with missing item): ___ AUG-NP3-village SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That village, I’ve been there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can be moved out of their canonical position to the beginning of the clause, in which case they are morphologically and prosodically marked as a separate phrase. The prosodic marking of left dislocation is most clearly seen by the application of phrase-final tonal processes, namely the realization of underlying high tones as falling and the shift of final high tones to the penultimate mora (see \sectref{bkm:Ref445214894} on tonal processes), for instance, the final falling tone in the dislocated subject constituent in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}). The morphological marking of left dislocation is only seen on dislocated constituents that function as an object or locative adjunct, in which case the dislocated constituent needs to be cross-referenced by an object marker, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778246}), or locative clitic, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778247}).
A: word: mo-winá	 gloss: NP18-DEM.IV3
B: word: e-zwai	 gloss: AUG-salt
C: word: mu-o-winá	 gloss: NP18-AUG-DEM.IV3
D: word: bá-mú-kwámé	 gloss: NP2-NP1-man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mu-o-winá ___ ndi-á̲-y-a=mó̲
Gloss (with missing item): NP18-AUG-DEM.IV3 ___ SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That village, I’ve been there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can be moved out of their canonical position to the beginning of the clause, in which case they are morphologically and prosodically marked as a separate phrase. The prosodic marking of left dislocation is most clearly seen by the application of phrase-final tonal processes, namely the realization of underlying high tones as falling and the shift of final high tones to the penultimate mora (see \sectref{bkm:Ref445214894} on tonal processes), for instance, the final falling tone in the dislocated subject constituent in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}). The morphological marking of left dislocation is only seen on dislocated constituents that function as an object or locative adjunct, in which case the dislocated constituent needs to be cross-referenced by an object marker, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778246}), or locative clitic, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505778247}).
A: word: o-mu-nzi	 gloss: AUG-NP3-village
B: word: ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: NP17-NP3-village
C: word: mu-nzi	 gloss: NP3-village
D: word: háiba	 gloss: if
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma-yíː a-bor-é̲te
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NP6-egg SM6-rot-STAT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘These eggs, they’re rotten.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As the canonical position for the subject can be the preverbal position, not all subjects appearing before a verb are dislocated. This is only the case when a subject constituent at the left edge of a sentence is affected by phrase-final tone rules. Pre-verbal subjects that are not affected by these phrase-final processes are not left-dislocated, but remain in situ; this is illustrated in (\ref{bkm:Ref449624390}), where the subject constituent bàmùrútí ‘teachers’ is not affected by the phrase-final tone process of H retraction, showing that it is not dislocated. Compare with (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}) above, where phrase-final processes do affect the left-dislocated subject constituent àá màyîː ‘these eggs’.
A: word: mbó-bu-ryáho	 gloss: COP.DEF14-NP14-like_that
B: word: e-cí	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I7
C: word: a-á	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I6
D: word: ne-ndí̲-a-ya-á̲	 gloss: REM-SM1SG-PST-kill-FV<REL>
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a-á ___ a-bor-é̲te
Gloss (with missing item): AUG-DEM.I6 ___ SM6-rot-STAT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘These eggs, they’re rotten.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As the canonical position for the subject can be the preverbal position, not all subjects appearing before a verb are dislocated. This is only the case when a subject constituent at the left edge of a sentence is affected by phrase-final tone rules. Pre-verbal subjects that are not affected by these phrase-final processes are not left-dislocated, but remain in situ; this is illustrated in (\ref{bkm:Ref449624390}), where the subject constituent bàmùrútí ‘teachers’ is not affected by the phrase-final tone process of H retraction, showing that it is not dislocated. Compare with (\ref{bkm:Ref505778244}) above, where phrase-final processes do affect the left-dislocated subject constituent àá màyîː ‘these eggs’.
A: word: ndí̲-a-ya=mó̲	 gloss: SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18
B: word: e-∅-gíː	 gloss: AUG-NP5-egg
C: word: ri-angú	 gloss: PP5-POSS1SG
D: word: ma-yíː	 gloss: NP6-egg
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndi-ruH-shak-á̲ ___ ru-zyímbo
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-OM11-like-FV ___ NP11-song
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I like this song.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can also be moved out of their canonical position to the right edge of the clause. Right dislocation resembles left dislocation in that dislocated objects and locative adjuncts require cross-referencing on the main clause verb, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), where the dislocated constituent is marked in bold. Right-dislocation may also target subjects, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505783997}).
A: word: ka-ndi-rú-shak-í̲	 gloss: NEG-SM1SG-OM11-like-NEG
B: word: o-rú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I11
C: word: ∅-ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: COP-NP17-NP3-village
D: word: e-í	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I9
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndi-ruH-shak-á̲ o-rú ___
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-OM11-like-FV AUG-DEM.I11 ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I like this song.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can also be moved out of their canonical position to the right edge of the clause. Right dislocation resembles left dislocation in that dislocated objects and locative adjuncts require cross-referencing on the main clause verb, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), where the dislocated constituent is marked in bold. Right-dislocation may also target subjects, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505783997}).
A: word: ∅-ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: COP-NP17-NP3-village
B: word: ku-zyímb-a	 gloss: INF-sing-FV
C: word: ru-tángo	 gloss: NP11-story
D: word: ru-zyímbo	 gloss: NP11-song
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndí̲-a-ya=mó̲ ___ o-mu-nzi
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18 ___ AUG-NP3-village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ve been to that village.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can also be moved out of their canonical position to the right edge of the clause. Right dislocation resembles left dislocation in that dislocated objects and locative adjuncts require cross-referencing on the main clause verb, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), where the dislocated constituent is marked in bold. Right-dislocation may also target subjects, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505783997}).
A: word: ha-e-riná	 gloss: NP16-AUG-DEM.IV5
B: word: mu-o-winá	 gloss: NP18-DEM.IV3
C: word: ndi-shúnu	 gloss: COP-today
D: word: mo-winá	 gloss: NP18-DEM.IV3
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndí̲-a-ya=mó̲ mo-winá ___
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-PST-go-FV=LOC18 NP18-DEM.IV3 ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ve been to that village.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can also be moved out of their canonical position to the right edge of the clause. Right dislocation resembles left dislocation in that dislocated objects and locative adjuncts require cross-referencing on the main clause verb, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), where the dislocated constituent is marked in bold. Right-dislocation may also target subjects, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505783997}).
A: word: ku-mu-nzi	 gloss: NP17-NP3-village
B: word: o-mu-nzi	 gloss: AUG-NP3-village
C: word: mu-nzi	 gloss: NP3-village
D: word: a-á	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I6
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): shi-bá-ná-zyib-i ___ u-enú
Gloss (with missing item): INC-SM2-PST-know-NPST.PFV ___ PP1-POSS2PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Your husband has now become aware.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can also be moved out of their canonical position to the right edge of the clause. Right dislocation resembles left dislocation in that dislocated objects and locative adjuncts require cross-referencing on the main clause verb, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), where the dislocated constituent is marked in bold. Right-dislocation may also target subjects, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505783997}).
A: word: mú-kwamé	 gloss: NP1-man
B: word: bá-mú-kwámé	 gloss: NP2-NP1-man
C: word: o-mú-kwamé	 gloss: AUG-NP1-man
D: word: ndi-∅-gámbuti	 gloss: COP5-NP5-boot
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): shi-bá-ná-zyib-i bá-mú-kwámé ___
Gloss (with missing item): INC-SM2-PST-know-NPST.PFV NP2-NP1-man ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Your husband has now become aware.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constituents can also be moved out of their canonical position to the right edge of the clause. Right dislocation resembles left dislocation in that dislocated objects and locative adjuncts require cross-referencing on the main clause verb, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), where the dislocated constituent is marked in bold. Right-dislocation may also target subjects, as in (\ref{bkm:Ref505783997}).
A: word: i-enú	 gloss: PP9-POSS2PL
B: word: ndi-shih-cih-ar-á̲	 gloss: SM1SG-PER-OM7-close-FV
C: word: o-rú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I11
D: word: u-enú	 gloss: PP1-POSS2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Fwe. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndi-ruH-shak-á̲ ___ ru-zyímbo
Gloss (with missing item): SM1SG-OM11-like-FV ___ NP11-song
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I like this song.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right dislocation differs from left dislocation, however, in the phonological phrasing of the dislocated constituent. Whereas left-dislocated constituents are always followed by a prosodic boundary, a prosodic boundary preceding the right-dislocated constituent is optional. Examples of right-dislocated constituents that do function as a separate phrase are given in (\ref{bkm:Ref491438233}--\ref{bkm:Ref449630026}), as seen from the application of phrase-final tonal processes on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent. An example of a right-dislocated constituent which is not preceded by a prosodic boundary is given in (\ref{bkm:Ref492136669}), as seen from the lack of high tone retraction on the verb preceding the dislocated constituent.
A: word: e-í	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I9
B: word: ka-ndi-rú-shak-í̲	 gloss: NEG-SM1SG-OM11-like-NEG
C: word: o-rú	 gloss: AUG-DEM.I11
D: word: kutêye	 gloss: COMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C