Project: rkt (Runtime / Container Runtime)
File: configuration.md

`rkt` reads configuration from two or three directories - a system directory, a local directory and, if provided, a user directory. The system directory defaults to `/usr/lib/rkt`, the local directory to `/etc/rkt`, and the user directory to an empty string. These locations can be changed with command line flags described below. The system directory should contain a configuration created by a vendor (e.g. distribution). The contents of this directory should not be modified - it is meant to be read only. The local directory keeps configuration local to the machine. It can be modified by the admin. The user directory may hold some user specific configuration. It may be useful for specifying credentials used for fetching images without spilling them to some directory readable by everyone. `rkt` looks for configuration files with the `.json` file name extension in subdirectories beneath the system and local directories. `rkt` does not recurse down the directory tree to search for these files. Users may therefore put additional appropriate files (e.g., documentation) alongside `rkt` configuration in these directories, provided such files are not named with the `.json` extension. Every configuration file has two common fields: `rktKind` and `rktVersion`. Both fields' values are strings, and the subsequent fields are specified by this pair. The currently supported kinds and versions are described below. These fields must be specified and cannot be empty. `rktKind` describes the type of the configuration. This is to avoid putting unrelated values into a single monolithic file. `rktVersion` allows configuration versioning for each kind of configuration. A new version should be introduced when doing some backward-incompatible changes: for example, when removing a field or incompatibly changing its semantics. When a new field is added, a default value should be specified for it, documented, and used when the field is absent in any configuration file. This way, an older version of `rkt` can work with newer-but-compatible versions of configuration files, and newer versions of `rkt` can still work with older versions of configuration files. Configuration values in the system directory are superseded by the value of the same field if it exists in the local directory. The same relationship exists between the local directory and the user directory if the user directory is provided. The semantics of overriding configuration in this manner are specific to the `kind` and `version` of the configuration, and are described below. File names are not examined in determining local overrides. Only the fields inside configuration files need to match. To change the system configuration directory, use `--system-config` flag. To change the local configuration directory, use `--local-config` flag. To change the user configuration directory, use `--user-config` flag. The `auth` configuration kind is used to set up necessary credentials when downloading images and signatures. The configuration files should be placed inside the `auth.d` subdirectory (e.g., in the case of the default system/local directories, in `/usr/lib/rkt/auth.d` and/or `/etc/rkt/auth.d`). This version of the `auth` configuration specifies three additional fields: `domains`, `type` and `credentials`. The `domains` field is an array of strings describing hosts for which the following credentials should be used. Each entry must consist of a host/port combination in a URL as specified by RFC 3986. This field must be specified and cannot be empty. The `type` field describes the type of credentials to be sent. This field must be specified and cannot be empty. The `credentials` field is defined by the `type`

It should hold all the data that are needed for successful authentication with the given hosts. This version of auth configuration supports three methods - basic HTTP authentication, OAuth Bearer Token, and AWS v4 authentication. Basic HTTP authentication requires two things - a user and a password. To use this type, define `type` as `basic` and the `credentials` field as a map with two keys - `user` and `password`. These fields must be specified and cannot be empty. For example: `/etc/rkt/auth.d/coreos-basic.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "auth", "rktVersion": "v1", "domains": ["coreos.com", "tectonic.com"], "type": "basic", "credentials": { "user": "foo", "password": "bar" } } ``` OAuth Bearer Token authentication requires only a token. To use this type, define `type` as `oauth` and the `credentials` field as a map with only one key - `token`. This field must be specified and cannot be empty. For example: `/etc/rkt/auth.d/coreos-oauth.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "auth", "rktVersion": "v1", "domains": ["coreos.com", "tectonic.com"], "type": "oauth", "credentials": { "token": "sometoken" } } ``` AWS v4 authentication requires three things - an access key ID, a secret access key and an AWS region. If the region is left empty, it will be determined automatically from the URL/domain. To use this type, define `type` as `aws` and the `credentials` field as a map with two or three keys - `accessKeyID` and `secretAccessKey` are mandatory, whilst `awsRegion` is optional and can be left empty. For example: `/etc/rkt/auth.d/coreos-aws.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "auth", "rktVersion": "v1", "domains": ["my-s3-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com"], "type": "aws", "credentials": { "accessKeyID": "foo", "secretAccessKey": "bar", "awsRegion": "us-east-1" } } ``` Overriding is done for each domain. That means that the user can override authentication type and/or credentials used for each domain. As an example, consider this system configuration: `/usr/lib/rkt/auth.d/coreos.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "auth", "rktVersion": "v1", "domains": ["coreos.com", "tectonic.com", "kubernetes.io"], "type": "oauth", "credentials": { "token": "common-token" } } ``` If only this configuration file is provided, then when downloading data from either `coreos.com`, `tectonic.com` or `kubernetes.io`, `rkt` would send an HTTP header of: `Authorization: Bearer common-token`. But with additional configuration provided in the local configuration directory, this can be overridden. For example, given the above system configuration and the following local configuration: `/etc/rkt/auth.d/specific-coreos.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "auth", "rktVersion": "v1", "domains": ["coreos.com"], "type": "basic", "credentials": { "user": "foo", "password": "bar" } } ``` `/etc/rkt/auth.d/specific-tectonic.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "auth", "rktVersion": "v1", "domains": ["tectonic.com"], "type": "oauth", "credentials": { "token": "tectonic-token" } } ``` The result is that when downloading data from `kubernetes.io`, `rkt` still sends `Authorization: Bearer common-token`, but when downloading from `coreos.com`, it sends `Authorization: Basic Zm9vOmJhcg==` (i.e. `foo:bar` encoded in base64). For `tectonic.com`, it will send `Authorization: Bearer tectonic-token`. Note that within a particular configuration directory (either system or local), it is a syntax error for the same domain to be defined in multiple files. There are no command line flags for specifying or overriding the auth configuration. The `dockerAuth` configuration kind is used to set up necessary credentials when downloading data from Docker registries. The configuration files should be placed inside `auth.d` subdirectory (e.g. in `/usr/lib/rkt/auth.d` or `/etc/rkt/auth.d`). This version of `dockerAuth` configuration specifies two additional fields: `registries` and `credentials`. The `registries` field is an array of strings describing Docker registries for which the associated credentials should be used. This field must be specified and cannot be empty. A short list of popular Docker registries is given below. The `credentials` field holds the necessary data to authenticate against the Docker registry. This field must be specified and cannot be

Currently, Docker registries only support basic HTTP authentication, so `credentials` has two subfields - `user` and `password`. These fields must be specified and cannot be empty. For registries like tools may be used to obtain credentials and registry endpoints. For example, use `aws ecr get-login` to fetch login credentials when using AWS. Please keep in mind that when using ECR the credentials will expire and will need to be refreshed. Some popular Docker registries: registry-1.docker.io (Assumed as the default when no specific registry is named on the rkt command line, as in `docker:///redis`.) quay.io gcr.io `<awsaccountid>`.dkr.ecr.`<region>`.amazonaws.com (AWS ECR) Example `dockerAuth` configuration: `/etc/rkt/auth.d/docker.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "dockerAuth", "rktVersion": "v1", "registries": ["registry-1.docker.io", "quay.io"], "credentials": { "user": "foo", "password": "bar" } } ``` Overriding is done for each registry. That means that the user can override credentials used for each registry. For example, given this system configuration: `/usr/lib/rkt/auth.d/docker.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "dockerAuth", "rktVersion": "v1", "registries": ["registry-1.docker.io", "gcr.io", "quay.io"], "credentials": { "user": "foo", "password": "bar" } } ``` If only this configuration file is provided, then when downloading images from either `registry-1.docker.io`, `gcr.io`, or `quay.io`, `rkt` would use user `foo` and password `bar`. But with additional configuration provided in the local configuration directory, this can be overridden. For example, given the above system configuration and the following local configuration: `/etc/rkt/auth.d/specific-quay.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "dockerAuth", "rktVersion": "v1", "registries": ["quay.io"], "credentials": { "user": "baz", "password": "quux" } } ``` `/etc/rkt/auth.d/specific-gcr.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "dockerAuth", "rktVersion": "v1", "registries": ["gcr.io"], "credentials": { "user": "goo", "password": "gle" } } ``` The result is that when downloading images from `registry-1.docker.io`, `rkt` still sends user `foo` and password `bar`, but when downloading from `quay.io`, it uses user `baz` and password `quux`; and for `gcr.io` it will use user `goo` and password `gle`. Note that within a particular configuration directory (either system or local), it is a syntax error for the same Docker registry to be defined in multiple files. There are no command line flags for specifying or overriding the docker auth configuration. The `paths` configuration kind is used to customize the various paths that rkt uses. The configuration files should be placed inside the `paths.d` subdirectory (e.g., in the case of the default system/local directories, in `/usr/lib/rkt/paths.d` and/or `/etc/rkt/paths.d`). This version of the `paths` configuration specifies two additional fields: `data` and `stage1-images`. The `data` field is a string that defines where image data and running pods are stored. This field is optional. The `stage1-images` field is a string that defines where are the stage1 images are stored, so rkt can search for them when using the `--stage1-from-dir` flag. This field is optional. Example `paths` configuration: `/etc/rkt/paths.d/paths.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "paths", "rktVersion": "v1", "data": "/home/me/rkt/data", "stage1-images": "/home/me/rkt/stage1-images" } ``` Overriding is done for each path. For example, given this system configuration: `/usr/lib/rkt/paths.d/data.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "paths", "rktVersion": "v1", "data": "/opt/rkt-stuff/data" } ``` If only this configuration file is provided, then rkt will store images and pods in the `/opt/rkt-stuff/data` directory. Also, when user passes `--stage1-from-dir=stage1.aci` to rkt, rkt will search for this file in the directory specified at build time (usually `/usr/lib/rkt/stage1-images`). But with additional configuration provided in the local configuration directory, this can be overridden. For example, given the above system configuration and the following local configuration: `/etc/rkt/paths.d/paths.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "paths", "rktVersion": "v1", "data": "/home/me/rkt" } ``` Now rkt will store the images and pods in the `/home/me/rkt` directory. It will not know about any other data

Also, rkt will still search for the stage1 images in the directory specified at build time for the `--stage1-from-dir` flag. To override the stage1 images directory: `/etc/rkt/paths.d/stage1.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "paths", "rktVersion": "v1", "stage1-images": "/home/me/stage1-images" } ``` Now rkt will search in the `/home/me/stage1/images` directory, not in the directory specified at build time. The `data` field can be overridden with the `--dir` flag. The `stage1-images` field cannot be overridden with a command line flag. The `stage1` configuration kind is used to set up a default stage1 image. The configuration files should be placed inside the `stage1.d` subdirectory (e.g., in the case of the default system/local directories, in `/usr/lib/rkt/stage1.d` and/or `/etc/rkt/stage1.d`). This version of the `stage1` configuration specifies three additional fields: `name`, `version` and `location`. The `name` field is a string specifying a name of a default stage1 image. This field is optional. If specified, the `version` field must be specified too. The `version` field is a string specifying a version of a default stage1 image. This field is optional. If specified, the `name` field must be specified too. The `location` field is a string describing the location of a stage1 image file. This field is optional. The `name` and `version` fields are used by `rkt` (unless overridden with a run-time flag or left empty) to search for the stage1 image in the image store. If it is not found there then `rkt` will use a value from the `location` field (again, unless overridden or empty) to fetch the stage1 image. If the `name`, `version` and `location` fields are specified then it is expected that the file in `location` is a stage1 image with the same name and version in manifest as values of the `name` and `version` fields, respectively. Note that this is not enforced in any way. The `location` field can be: a `file://` URL a `http://` URL a `https://` URL a `docker://` URL an absolute path (basically the same as a `file://` URL) An example: ```json { "rktKind": "stage1", "rktVersion": "v1", "name": "example.com/rkt/stage1", "version": "1.2.3", "location": "https://example.com/download/stage1-1.2.3.aci" } ``` Overriding is done separately for the name-and-version pairs and for the locations. That means that the user can override either both a name and a version or a location. As an example, consider this system configuration: `/usr/lib/rkt/stage1.d/coreos.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "stage1", "rktVersion": "v1", "name": "coreos.com/rkt/stage1-coreos", "version": "0.15.0+git", "location": "/usr/libexec/rkt/stage1-coreos.aci" } ``` If only this configuration file is provided then `rkt` will check if `coreos.com/rkt/stage1-coreos` with version `0.15.0+git` is in image store. If it is absent then it would fetch it from `/usr/libexec/rkt/stage1-coreos.aci`. But with additional configuration provided in the local configuration directory, this can be overridden. For example, given the above system configuration and the following local configurations: `/etc/rkt/stage1.d/specific-coreos.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "stage1", "rktVersion": "v1", "location": "https://example.com/coreos-stage1.aci" } ``` The result is that `rkt` will still look for `coreos.com/rkt/stage1-coreos` with version `0.15.0+git` in the image store, but if it is not found, it will fetch it from `https://example.com/coreos-stage1.aci`. To continue the example, we can also override name and version with an additional configuration file like this: `/etc/rkt/stage1.d/other-name-and-version.json`: ```json { "rktKind": "stage1", "rktVersion": "v1", "name": "example.com/rkt/stage1", "version": "1.2.3" } ``` Now `rkt` will search for `example.com/rkt/stage1` with version `1.2.3` in the image store before trying to fetch the image from `https://example.com/coreos-stage1.aci`. Note that within a particular configuration directory (either system or local), it is a syntax error for the name, version or location to be defined in multiple files. The `name`, `version` and `location` fields are ignored in favor of a value coming from `--stage1-url`, `--stage1-path`, `--stage1-name`, `--stage1-hash`, or `--stage1-from-dir` flags.