cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
cathair
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cathairs
Etymology: From cat + hair.
Senses: examples: text: How can you tell a cat owner? all the little claw marks on their back...Or by the cathair that sticks to their suit.
ref: 1993, Allen Warfield, Al Brooks, Effective Telemarketing: How to Sell Over the Telephone, page 111:
text: The conscientious Mrs. Fulgrove was driving away as he pulled into the barnyard, and he waved to her; the woman's scowl indicated that she had worked overtime because of the vast amount of cathair everywhere.
ref: 1993, Lilian Jackson Braun, The Cat Who Wasn't There:
text: Meditate on the steady drone and the rocking of the back and forth vacuum dance you do as you suck up the cathair, the ashes, the seeds, the stray leaves.
ref: 2000, Tamaqua: Volume Seven Issue One, page 75:
text: Cat likes to brush against it and sun on the deck chair, the cushion is a mat of gray cathair.
ref: 2000, Nimrod International Journal - Volume 44, page 128:
glosses: The hair of a cat.
examples: text: A pimpled chin, dark with cathairs, a mouthful of irregular teeth, were visible below helmet and goggles.
ref: 1968, Benedict Kiely, Dogs Enjoy the Morning, Penguin Books, published 1971, page 18:
text: The closed-door policy, he liked to explain, kept the cats out of his hair and the cathairs out of his typewriter.
ref: 1994, Lilian Jackson Braun, The Cat Who Blew the Whistle, New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 81:
text: I'm sure they use the same stuff that sticks cathairs to clothes in paint. It's just as difficult to remove... […] [T]he first law of cathairs is they get everywhere, including where it's physically impossible, etc.
ref: 2001 May 29, Adrian Vickers, “It's a Dulux day”, in uk.misc (Usenet), archived from the original on 10 Aug 2025:
glosses: A single hair of a cat.
cathair
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cathairs
Etymology: From Irish cathair.
Senses: examples: text: Several cathairs which we have examined are not circular in plan, but appear to have been formed to suit the contour of the eminence upon which they stand; and others are of an oval form.
ref: 1848, William F[rederick] Wakeman, “Raths or Duns”, in Archæologia Hibernica. A Hand-book of Irish Antiquities, Pagan and Christian: Especially of Such as Are Easy of Access from the Irish Metropolis., Dublin: James MᶜGlashan, […]. William S. Orr & Co. […] London, part I (Pagan Antiquities), page 47:
text: There were probably other cathairs and duns on the Aran Islands which were not as sturdily built or not as well preserved as those that survived.
ref: 1977, “The Dúns of Aran”, in A World of Stone: Life, Folklore and Legends of the Aran Islands, O’Brien Educational, published 1980, →ISBN, page 28:
text: ‘On this island there are three cyclopean cathairs but their stones have been nearly all removed to build the modern little houses which are nearly in as rude a style as the Cahirs ever were.[…]’
ref: 1992, Theresa McDonald, Achill: 5000 B.C. to 1900 A.D.: Archaeology, History, Folklore, →ISBN, page 128:
glosses: An ancient Irish fortification of stone or earthwork.
twas
Language: English
Part of speech: contraction
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of 'twas.
glosses: Obsolete spelling of 'twas.
giv'n
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: Contraction of given, past participle of give.
Michigander
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: [ˈmɪ.ʃəˌɡæn.dɚ]
Forms: form: Michiganders
Etymology: ]
Attributed to Abraham Lincoln, in a speech of July 27, 1848, as pejorative reference to Lewis Cass, Michigan politician:
: There is one entire article of the sort I have not discussed yet; I mean the military tale you Democrats are now engaged in dovetailing onto the great Michigander.
Ostensibly coined as a blend of Michigan + gander (“male goose, simpleton”) (punning on “tale” and “(dove)tail(ing)”). Alternatively from and/or later reanalyzed as Michigan + -d- (epenthetic) + -er (“resident of”).
Senses: glosses: A native or resident of the state of Michigan in the United States of America.
examples: text: Where is the little Michigander or Michigoose who is plugging along, so contentedly ensconced in his bi-valve surroundings as not to be touched by even an echo of the great state meeting of his profession?
ref: 1916, Moderator-topics, volume 36, page 165:
text: From Dale E. Pasco of Owosso: "My parents were both one room school teachers and they taught it this way: I'm a Michigander, my wife is a Michigoose, our kids are Michigoslins, so what is the use."
ref: 1982, Michigan Natural Resources Magazine, volumes 51-52, page 77:
glosses: In particular, a man from Michigan, contrasted with a Michigoose (“woman from Michigan”).
Synonyms: Michiganian
Michiganer
Hypernyms: American
Hyponyms: word: Yooper
word: Troll
english: female Michiganer
translation: female Michiganer
word: Michigoose
english: young Michiganer
translation: young Michiganer
word: Michigosling
Coordinate terms: sense: male Michiganer
english: female Michiganer
translation: female Michiganer
word: Michigoose
Derived terms: Michigoose
Michigosling
Michiganian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Michiganians
Etymology: From Michigan + -ian.
Senses: glosses: A native or resident of the state of Michigan in the United States of America.
Synonyms: Michigander
Michiganer
Hyponyms: english: male Michiganer
translation: male Michiganer
word: Michigander
english: female Michiganer
translation: female Michiganer
word: Michigoose
Michiganian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Michiganian
form: most Michiganian
Etymology: From Michigan + -ian.
Senses: glosses: of or pertaining to Michigan.
nonorgasmic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -æzmɪk
Etymology: From non- + orgasmic.
Senses: examples: text: A survey has, unsurprisingly, shown that nonorgasmic women are less sexually active.
glosses: Unable to attain or enjoy an orgasm.
maypole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: maypoles
form: may-pole
Senses: examples: text: How would you like the maypole decorated?
text: The maypole, the focal point of many traditional spring games and festivities, is believed to be a relic of ancient phallic worship.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 149:
text: At Ickwell Green, in Bedfordshire, there is a permanent maypole. There, the May Queen is accompanied by moggies (raggedly dressed women) carrying besoms - birch-twig brooms.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 263:
glosses: A pole, garlanded with streamers held by people who dance around it to celebrate May Day.
glosses: A very tall girl or young lady.
examples: text: The male Golden Bowerbird is a beautiful bird that builds one of the greatest structures in the natural world, a maypole up to three metres tall constructed of sticks and festooned with decorative clusters of flowers and lichens.
ref: 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 212:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
ornithology
glosses: A maypole-like structure of sticks placed about a sapling in the bowers of certain species of bowerbird.
examples: text: and now, disengag'd from the shirt, I saw, with wonder and surprise, what? not the play-thing of a boy, not the weapon of a man, but a maypole of so enormous a standard, that had proportions been observ'd, it must have belong'd to a young giant.
ref: 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:
english: Fanny Hill
translation: Fanny Hill
glosses: A penis, especially a large one.
Derived terms: mayhole
maypole dancer
maypoler
maypole
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: maypoles
form: maypoling
form: maypoled
form: maypoled
form: may-pole
Senses: examples: text: Kristina quieted a little, and maypoled around me.
ref: 2010, Julie Clark, Asperger's in Pink, page 223:
text: The line jerked and maypoled itself around the rod.
ref: 2011, Simon Brett, Cast in Order of Disappearance:
glosses: To dance or spin in a circle around something.
non-count
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + count.
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Uncountable.
non-profit
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of nonprofit.
non-profit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: non-profits
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of nonprofit.
non-Muslim
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: non-Muslims
form: nonmuslim
Etymology: From non- + Muslim.
Senses: glosses: One who is not a Muslim.
Synonyms: topics: Islam
religion
lifestyle
english: partial synonym
translation: partial synonym
word: kafir
non-Muslim
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: nonmuslim
Etymology: From non- + Muslim.
Senses: glosses: Not Muslim.
quadratic formula
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quadratic formulas
form: quadratic formulae
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: The formula x=(-b±√)/(2a) for finding roots of the quadratic equation.
drop out
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: drops out
form: dropping out
form: dropped out
form: dropped out
Senses: examples: text: Nothing went well in high school, so he dropped out.
text: He [Bill Gates] dropped out of a better school than I dropped out of.
ref: 2015, Aaron Sorkin, Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs, spoken by Steve Jobs (Michael Fassbender):
text: I’m an unlikely speaker, not just because I dropped out, but because we’re technically in the same generation.
ref: 2017 May 25, Mark Zuckerberg, “Mark Zuckerberg’s Commencement address at Harvard”, in The Harvard Gazette:
text: After all this time, the little girl who watched her father get beheaded, who was captured and impressed as her enemy’s servant, who was captured again and taken to the site of her family’s massacre, who enrolled at assassin school, who went blind, who dropped out to pursue vengeance, the woman who endured all that by focusing on her hit list can be swayed from her course by the prospect of her family and her home.
ref: 2017 July 23, Brandon Nowalk, “The great game begins with a bang on Game Of Thrones (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club:
text: Altman has long been viewed as a Silicon Valley wunderkind. In the tradition of other tech founders before him, Altman dropped out of Stanford in 2005 to launch his social-networking app, Loopt, which he later sold for $43m.
ref: 2023 November 18, Blake Montgomery, Dani Anguiano, “OpenAI fires co-founder and CEO Sam Altman for allegedly lying to company board”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: To leave (school, a race, etc.) prematurely and voluntarily.
glosses: To opt out of conventional society.
examples: text: I can't make phone calls because the line keeps dropping out.
qualifier: electronic signal
glosses: To be lost or momentarily interrupted.
raw_tags: of sound
examples: text: Generally, by the time you are Real, most of your hair has been loved off and your eyes drop out and you get loose in the joints and very shabby.
ref: 1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see drop, out.
examples: text: The board he was walking on dropped out.
synonyms: fall out
qualifier: Of a trapdoor or similar
glosses: To give way under someone.
examples: text: The ground dropped out from under him.
text: When she left him, his world dropped out beneath him.
synonyms: fall out
qualifier: Of the ground; floor; snow; a worldview or foundation; Of the ground; floor; snow; a worldview or foundation
glosses: To cause someone to slip and/or fall down.
glosses: To dismiss, break up with or abandon (someone).
Derived terms: drop-in/drop-out
tune in, turn on, drop out
Related terms: drop
drop-out
dropout
flunk out
drop off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: drops off
form: dropping off
form: dropped off
form: dropped off
Senses: examples: text: After two glasses of whiskey, Tom soon dropped off in front of the television.
text: And when the Boy dropped off to sleep, the Rabbit would snuggle down close under his little warm chin and dream, with the Boy's hands clasped close round him all night long.
ref: 1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
synonyms: word: drift off#Verb
word: doze off
word: crash out
word: doze off
word: drift off
word: drop off
word: fall asleep
word: get off
word: go night-night
word: go to sleep
word: nod off
word: nod out
word: sack out
word: zone
coordinate_terms: sack out
;
pass out
glosses: To fall asleep.
examples: text: Can you drop the kids off at school?
text: I'll drop off your books when I see you tonight.
text: After dropping off travellers at Foregate Street, my train terminates at Shrub Hill - a station which boasts one of the best selection [sic] of semaphore signals left in the country.
ref: 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 67:
coordinate_terms: hand off
hand over
set down
drop#Verb
dump out
kick out
glosses: To deliver; to deposit or leave; to allow passengers to alight.
examples: text: The leaves were slowly dropping off the tree.
glosses: To fall off:
To drop from, fall from.
examples: text: The leaves hung on until the end of November, then dropped off quickly.
glosses: To fall off:
To drop, fall.
coordinate_terms: drop away
drop out
fall away
fall out
examples: text: As soon as a caller drops off, we'll have an open line and maybe you can reach us then.
glosses: To end a connection with a telephone queue, either by hanging up or after being served or processed.
examples: text: Near-synonyms: taper off, dwindle
text: Sales have dropped off in recent months.
synonyms: fall off
glosses: To lessen or reduce.
glosses: To die.
examples: text: My lawyer said some of those charges will be dropped off.
text: If you ignore them, the fees won't just drop off.
glosses: To abandon or give up on (something); to be abandoned or given up on.
Derived terms: drop off the face of the earth
drop off the map
drop off the radar
Related terms: drop-off
watering hole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: watering holes
Senses: synonyms: waterhole
glosses: A depression in which water collects and where animals come to drink.
synonyms: word: pub
word: public house
word: saloon
word: tavern
word: alehouse
word: boozer
word: boozing ken
word: bousing ken
word: drinker
word: drinkery
word: gargle-factory
word: gin joint
word: groggery
word: local
word: nineteenth hole
word: pot-house
word: pub
word: public house
word: rummery
word: saloon
word: tavern
word: watering hole
glosses: A bar or other local drinking establishment.
Derived terms: watering hole attack
Related terms: swimming hole
handing out
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of hand out
occuring
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: It’s an opportunity that owes much to the birth of NSL occuring in the 1980s, when researchers had access to video cameras and could accurately record exactly what was happening.
ref: 2018 July 13, Shoshi Parks, “How Deaf Children in Nicaragua Created a New Language”, in Atlas Obscura, archived from the original on 29 Mar 2025:
glosses: Misspelling of occurring, present participle of occur.
afoul
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈfaʊl/
rhymes: -aʊl
Forms: form: more afoul
form: most afoul
Etymology: From a- + foul.
Senses: examples: text: The ships’ lines and sails were all afoul.
text: After paying out chain, we swung clear, but our anchors were no doubt afoul of hers.
ref: 1840, Richard Henry Dana Jr., chapter 15, in Two Years Before the Mast, New York: Harper & Bros., page 137:
text: 1849, William F. Lynch, The Naval Officer, Chapter 2, in Graham’s Magazine, Volume 34, Number 3, March 1849,
The atmosphere was soon thick and stifling, and the crews were working their guns with the energy of desperation, when a severe concussion, followed by a harsh and grating sound, told that the ships were afoul.
qualifier: principally nautical
glosses: In a state of collision or entanglement.
examples: text: He had a knack for running afoul of the law.
text: What the devil’s the matter with me? I don’t stand right on my legs. Coming afoul of that old man has a sort of turned me wrong side out.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Chapter 20”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: A hemispheric axiom has it that when a dictator falls afoul of Washington, his opponents are emboldened to try to topple him.
ref: 1957 December 15, “Still in Business”, in Time:
text: Kings came to hear [Vivaldi’s] concerts but in the end he ran afoul of the Pope’s nuncio and fell out of favor, presumably for neglecting to say Mass […]
ref: 1979, Bernard Malamud, chapter 2, in Dubin’s Lives, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, page 79:
text: He committed acts which put him afoul of Empire law, details classified, twenty-six years ago.
ref: 1993, Larry Niven, Jerry Pournelle, The Gripping Hand, New York: Pocket Books, published 1994, Part 1, Chapter 3, p. 28:
text: Such posts, and more extreme examples of hate speech that spiked on the platform since his takeover, could run afoul of the EU's framework for combating racism and xenophobia, landing Twitter — and Musk himself — in hot water with the European Commission.
ref: 2023 May 27, Katherine Tangalakis-Lippert, “Elon Musk pulled Twitter from the EU's anti-disinformation agreement and continues to troll with alt-right memes and dogwhistles. It could be a sign he'll close the site to Europe completely”, in Business Insider:
glosses: In a state of entanglement or conflict (with).
Derived terms: run afoul
run afoul of
Related terms: foully
afterburner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: afterburners
Etymology: From after- + burner.
Senses: topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A device in a jet engine which injects fuel into the exhaust system to increase the thrust.
Synonyms: reheat
Derived terms: switch on the afterburners
Related terms: afterburning
affiance
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈfaɪ.əns/
rhymes: -aɪəns
Forms: form: affiances
form: affiancing
form: affianced
form: affianced
form: affiaunce
Etymology: From Middle French affiance, from affier (from Medieval Latin affīdāre, from *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere) + -ance.
Senses: examples: text: [S]he had expected the worst ever since Drusilla had deliberately tried to unsex herself by refusing to feel any natural grief at the death in battle not only of her affianced husband but of her own father [...]
ref: 1935 April, William Faulkner, “Skirmish at Sartoris”, in The Unvanquished, New York, N.Y.: Random House, published 1938, →OCLC; republished in The Unvanquished: The Corrected Text, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, October 1991, →ISBN, section 1, page 189:
text: She left our former teacher at the altar. Oh well, it's no secret that Prissy was affianced to our former teacher, but justifiably fled the wedding.
ref: 2018 July 6, Moira Walley-Beckett, “What We have been Makes Us what We are” (07:00 from the start), in Anne with an E, season 2, episode 9, spoken by Anne Shirley-Cuthbert (Amybeth McNulty):
glosses: To be betrothed to; to promise to marry.
Derived terms: affiancer
Related terms: fiance
affiance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈfaɪ.əns/
rhymes: -aɪəns
Forms: form: affiances
form: affiaunce
Etymology: From Middle French affiance, from affier (from Medieval Latin affīdāre, from *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere) + -ance.
Senses: examples: text: […] in syr Launcelot & you I moost had my Ioye / & myn affyaunce / & now haue I lost my Ioye of you bothe […]
[…] "in Sir Launcelot and you I most had my joy, and mine affiance, and now have I lost my joy of you both" […]
ref: 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XXI, Chapter ii, leaf 421r:
text: All other outward shewes and exterior apparences are common to all religions: As hope, affiance [translating confiance], events, ceremonies, penitence and martyrdome.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
text: Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual affiance in the divine love.
ref: 1849, James Stephen, Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography:
text: Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have / Most joy and most affiance, […]
ref: 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Elaine”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 218:
glosses: Faith, trust.
examples: text: I that Ladie to my spouse had wonne; / Accord of friends, consent of parents sought, / Affiance made, my happinesse begonne […]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: A solemn engagement, especially a pledge of marriage.
affectedly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more affectedly
form: most affectedly
Etymology: From affected + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: 1614, Thomas Lodge (translator), The Workes of Lucius Annæus Seneca, London: William Stansby, Epistles to Lucilius, Epist. 115, p. 463,
The speech is the Image of the minde: if a man mince it, disguise and polish it ouer curiously, it is a signe that he which speaketh it, is an hypocrite, and little worth. It is no manly ornament to speake affectedly.
text: I was resolved to decline all imitations for the future, and stick to the original, uncouth as it might be. Better, thought I, to be naturally clownish, than affectedly ridiculous […]
ref: 1776, Samuel Jackson Pratt, chapter 68, in Liberal Opinions, volume 4, London: G. Robinson & J. Bew, pages 4–5:
text: Her manners shewed good sense and good breeding; they were neither shy, nor affectedly open […]
ref: 1803 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter VIII, in Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 114:
text: Schomberg turned up, yawning affectedly, almost before Davidson had regained his seat.
ref: 1915, Joseph Conrad, chapter 7, in Victory, New York: Modern Library, published 1921, page 57:
glosses: In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality.
examples: text: […] letters sadly penn’d in blood,
With sleided silk feat and affectedly
Enswathed, and seal'd to curious secrecy.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “A Louers Complaint”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
text: 1628, John Earle, Micro-cosmographie, or, A Peece of the World Discovered; in Essayes and Characters, London: Edward Blount, 55. “A stayed Man,”
One not hasty to pursue the new Fashion, nor yet affectedly true to his old round Breeches.
glosses: Lovingly; with tender care.
examples: text: […] the Excelsi or high places mentioned in the sacred Story, wherein the Heathen performed idolatrous rites unto their Idols, were commonly groves, affectedly sited upon some mountainous place, without any House or Temple.
ref: 1655, Inigo Jones, The Most Notable Antiquity of Great Britain, Vulgarly Called Stone-Heng on Salisbury Plain Restored, London: Daniel Pakeman, page 10:
text: I have affectedly made use of this measure here […] because, I think, it would be of general convenience, that this should be the common measure in the Commonwealth of Letters.
ref: 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 10, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book IV, page 314:
glosses: With intention, intentionally, deliberately.
Related terms: affect
affectation
affectingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more affectingly
form: most affectingly
Etymology: From affecting + -ly.
Senses: glosses: So as to affect in an emotional sense.
Related terms: affection
affectedly
affirmatively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more affirmatively
form: most affirmatively
Etymology: From Middle English affirmativeli, equivalent to affirmative + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an affirming manner.
affluently
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more affluently
form: most affluently
Etymology: From affluent + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an affluent manner.
disciplinary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsɪˈplɪnəɹi/
ipa: /ˈdɪs.ə.pləˌnɛɹi/
Forms: form: more disciplinary
form: most disciplinary
Etymology: From Medieval Latin disciplinarius, from Latin disciplina (“instruction, teaching, field of study, habit”).
Senses: examples: text: Debt can motivate or act as a disciplinary force for executives to achieve organizational efficiency.
glosses: Having to do with discipline, or with the imposition of discipline.
examples: text: The school has announced that it will take disciplinary measures against the students who participated in the protest activities.
glosses: For the purpose of imposing punishment.
examples: text: We hope that psychologists will applaud good studies of scientific behavior and thought regardless of the disciplinary specialty of the author.
text: Becoming more aware of the progress that scientists have made on behavioral fronts can reduce the risk that other natural scientists will resort to mystical agential accounts when they exceed the limits of their own disciplinary training.
ref: 2012 January 24, Stephen Ledoux, “Behaviorism at 100”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 60:
glosses: Of or relating to an academic field of study.
Derived terms: antidisciplinary
bidisciplinary
crossdisciplinary
cross-disciplinary
disciplinarian
disciplinarily
disciplinarity
disciplinary board
disciplinary inquiry
disciplinary literacy
disciplinary loaf
interdisciplinary
intradisciplinary
monodisciplinary
multidisciplinary
nondisciplinary
pluridisciplinary
subdisciplinary
transdisciplinary
undisciplinary
unidisciplinary
disciplinary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsɪˈplɪnəɹi/
ipa: /ˈdɪs.ə.pləˌnɛɹi/
Forms: form: disciplinaries
Etymology: From Medieval Latin disciplinarius, from Latin disciplina (“instruction, teaching, field of study, habit”).
Senses: glosses: A disciplinary action.
afield
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈfiːld/
rhymes: -iːld
Forms: form: more afield
form: most afield
Etymology: From Middle English afeld, a-felde, o felde, on felde, from Old English on felde (“afield”, literally “in (the) field”), equivalent to a- (“on”) + field.
Senses: examples: text: This latest excursion took us farther afield than ever.
text: His latest remarks went far afield of any mainstream conception.
text: Whether things could have been different is an open question, and one that would take us far afield from the focus of this book.
ref: 1999, Jacob S. Hacker, The Road to Nowhere: The Genesis of President Clinton's Plan for Healthy Security, →ISBN, page 118:
text: There were Christians developing notable traditions somewhat away from the Mediterranean and outside the Roman empire, in places like Armenia, or even further afield, in India
ref: 2002, Philip F. Esler, The Early Christian World, →ISBN, page 3:
text: My fellow passengers are a mixture of people returning from a day out in the capital, locals doing short hops, and a few (like me) heading farther afield.
ref: 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 68:
glosses: Away (from the home or starting point, physical or conceptual). (Often preceded by far, farther, or further.)
examples: text: We now have both teams afield and can begin the match.
glosses: On the field.
examples: text: The merchant was much interested in my journey, and thought it dangerous to sleep afield.
ref: 1879, Robert Louis Stevenson, Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes, page 116:
text: Meanwhile, witch Tituba, Tonight you sleep afield, molest not this house. Return here early for your judgement.
ref: 2000, Robert Manns, Night of the Frogs & Sautee and Nacoochee, →ISBN, page 27:
glosses: Out in the open.
field of study
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fields of study
Senses: glosses: An area of academic concentration; a discipline.
fields of study
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of field of study
connotations
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of connotation
spontaneous combustion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spontaneous combustions
Senses: examples: text: The experiment was abandoned when one fine day spontaneous combustion of the pulverised coal in the container occurred, and a black cloud of the very finely divided fuel rose into the air by the force of the explosion, and was slowly wafted by the prevailing breeze over the town, upon which it descended with the resemblance of black snow, but with the dissimilarity that it did not melt.
ref: 1940 May, “The Why and the Wherefore: Pulverised Fuel Experiment”, in Railway Magazine, page 318:
synonyms: autocombustion
glosses: Combustion without an external source of heat.
Derived terms: spontaneous human combustion
Related terms: burst into flames
aflutter
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈflʌt.ə/
ipa: /əˈflʌt.ɚ/
rhymes: -ʌtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: more aflutter
form: most aflutter
Etymology: From a- + flutter.
Senses: examples: text: I can hear / Your heart a-flutter over the snow-hills;
ref: 1856, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh and Other Poems, London: Chapman and Hall, Book 7, p. 298:
text: 1888, W. B. Yeats, “King Gall” in uncredited editor, Poems and Ballads of Young Ireland, Dublin: M.H. Gill, p. 43,
They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me—the beech leaves old
text: The winds bared her limbs, the opposing breezes set her garments aflutter as she ran, and a light air flung her locks streaming behind her.
ref: 1949, Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, New York: Pantheon, Part 1, Chapter 1, p. 61:
text: An electric guitar lick […] imposed itself in his mind as a major symbol of virility and youth, notes rising like scimitars, aftertones aflutter like birds, the bending of a blues note like the rising arc of an erection.
ref: 1999, Oscar Hijuelos, Empress of the Splendid Season, London: Bloomsbury, page 170:
glosses: Fluttering.
examples: text: The day being warm and sultry, the balcony was all aflutter with the feather fans of the ladies of the family and their attendants,
ref: 1891, Howard Pyle, chapter 24, in Men of Iron, New York and London: Harper, page 223:
text: Beyond this lie the gardens of Hafiz and Saadi, each containing the poet’s tomb, and many others equally delicious for their cypresses, pines, and orange trees a-flutter with white pigeons and orchestras of sparrows.
ref: 1937, Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part 4, p. 154:
text: When Sammy returned from Virginia, after an interminable gray trip back up U.S. 1, he found their house in Midwood aflutter with bunting.
ref: 2000, Michael Chabon, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, London: Fourth Estate, Part 6, Chapter 3, p. 489:
glosses: Filled or covered (with something that flutters).
examples: text: […] she rose, all a-flutter within, it is true, but with a face as nearly sedate as the inborn witchery of her eyes would allow.
ref: 1880, George Washington Cable, chapter 20, in The Grandissimes, New York: Scribner, page 155:
text: 1930, Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman, Once in a Lifetime, Act III, in Burns Mantle (ed.), The Best Plays of 1930-31, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1931, p. 144,
[…] in breaks Susan Walker a little more aflutter than usual. The picture is wonderful. Seeing her name in lights is wonderful. Everything is just wonderful.
text: Once inside the house, everything was aflutter until I was safe and sound.
ref: 2006, A. Mizrachi, Revenge of the Drama Queen, page 77:
glosses: In a state of tremulous excitement, anticipation or confusion.
aftercare
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ).kɛə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈæf-/
ipa: /ˈæf.təɹ.kɛɹ/
rhymes: -ɑːftə(ɹ)kɛ(ɹ)
rhymes: -æftə(ɹ)kɛ(ɹ)
Etymology: From after- + care.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: rehab
text: A nurse came in behind him with some aftercare instructions, and the three of us made our way to the car.
ref: 2020, Yaa Gyasi, chapter 27, in Transcendent Kingdom, New York: Knopf:
topics: medicine
sciences
coordinate_terms: forecare
glosses: The care given to a patient during recovery from an operation or after hospitalization.
topics: business
qualifier: frequently attributive
glosses: Services and support offered to a customer for the goods or service they have purchased.
glosses: Childcare services tending to children after the school day.
examples: text: […] bring the aftercare we do in the UK to the US and see if our approach can get the same great results on both sides of the Atlantic.
ref: 2010, Jeremy Kyle, You Couldn't Make It Up:
topics: broadcasting
media
television
glosses: Emotional support offered by the programme makers to a person who has appeared on a stressful television show.
topics: BDSM
lifestyle
sexuality
glosses: Tender affection and physical care given to a partner after an activity, usually to serve as a transition between the activity and whatever follows it.
deflorate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˈflɔɹət/
ipa: /diːˈflɔɹeɪt/
Senses: examples: text: The deflorate rose-bushes take on a brownish tint.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Past the flowering state.
deflorate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˈflɔɹət/
ipa: /diːˈflɔɹeɪt/
Forms: form: deflorates
form: deflorating
form: deflorated
form: deflorated
Senses: examples: text: The bush is often deflorated by browsing wildlife.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: To remove the flowers from.
synonyms: word: deflower
word: cherry-pop
glosses: To take the virginity of; to deflower.
aftereffect
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːftəɹ.ɪˌfɛkt/
ipa: /ˈæftəɹ.əˌfɛkt/
Forms: form: aftereffects
form: after-effect
Etymology: From after- + effect.
Senses: examples: text: And then Rook snapped out of it and noticed (in this strange state he was in—an aftereffect of the soma?) as clear as day everything—almost as if a sixth sense had become acute and he was fully aware of his eminent and imminent death and he saw everything crystal clearly and noticed that Anatoli, usually calm as a cucumber on the set, was now sweating and not calm and perhaps claustrophobic?
ref: 2009, Kevin Glavin, “The Kali Club”, in Rock Star’s Rainbow, Irvine, Calif.: Kevin Glavin Publishing, →ISBN, pages 311–312:
text: Since the Holocaust, fantasies of Jewish power are no longer Salonfähig, no longer openly expressible in “polite” society—at least in Western Europe and North America—even if continuities also persist in antisemitic thinking as do traumatic aftereffects for Jews around the world.
ref: 2017, Nadia Valman, Laurence Roth, The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Jewish Cultures, Routledge, →ISBN, page 130:
glosses: Any delayed effect; an effect which is not immediately manifested.
Related terms: afterglow
afterlight
adverse effect
side effect
consequences
sequelae
plebian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more plebian
form: most plebian
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of plebeian.
plebian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: plebians
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of plebeian.
punctuality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pʌŋktjʊˈæləti/
ipa: /pʌŋtjʊˈæləti/
ipa: /ˌpʌŋkt͡ʃuˈæləti/
ipa: [ˌpʌŋkt͡ʃuˈæləɾi]
ipa: /ˌpʌŋt͡ʃuˈæləti/
ipa: [ˌpʌŋt͡ʃuˈæləɾi]
Forms: form: punctualities
Etymology: From punctual + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: You were punctual to your appointment: punctuality is the first of virtues, and a sign of pretty behaviour in a young man. I foresee that you will succeed!
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Alteration”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 23:
glosses: The state of being punctual
Synonyms: word: timeliness
word: promptness
word: punctuality
Related terms: word: point
word: punctilious
word: punctual
word: punctuate
word: punctuation
word: punctually
Galilean moons
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Galilean moon
Galilean moons
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: The four and by far largest moons of Jupiter, namely Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, discovered by Galileo Galilei.
Synonyms: Galilean satellites
Related terms: Jovian moons
Galilean
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Originated 1605–15 from Latin Galilaea, from Galilee + -an.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to Galilee, or a native or inhabitant thereof.
Derived terms: Galilean Aramaic
Galilean
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Galileans
Etymology: Originated 1605–15 from Latin Galilaea, from Galilee + -an.
Senses: glosses: A native or resident of Galilee.
glosses: A zealous follower of Judas of Galilee, who fiercely resented the taxation of the Romans, and whose violence contributed to induce the latter to vow the extermination of the whole race.
glosses: A Christian.
Galilean
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Originated 1605–15 from Latin Galilaea, from Galilee + -an.
Senses: glosses: Jesus Christ.
Galilean
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Galilean
form: most Galilean
Etymology: Originated 1720–30, from Galileo + -an.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of or pertaining to the Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher Galileo Galilei.
Derived terms: Galilean invariance
Galileanism
Galilean moon
Galilean refractor
Galilean relativity
Galilean moon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Galilean moons
Senses: glosses: Any of the four Galilean moons.
Synonyms: Galilean satellite
photoenlarger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: photoenlargers
Etymology: From photo- + enlarger.
Senses: topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: A photographic enlarger
enlarger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: enlargers
Etymology: From enlarge + -er.
Senses: examples: text: a penis enlarger
glosses: Any device that makes something bigger, or makes it appear bigger.
topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: An optical device used to make enlarged prints from a photographic negative
examples: text: EUGE´NIUS, who was bishop of Toledo from a. d. 646 to 657, is mentioned under Dracontius as the editor and enlarger of the work by Dracontius upon the Creation.
ref: 1846, William Smith, editor, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: Taylor and Walton, […]; John Murray, […], page 86:
text: In like manner the original book closes, at xxix. 1, with a subscription; and a few additional chapters follow, added by the enlarger of the book.
ref: 1880 October, Archibald Duff, “The History of Research Concerning the Structure of the O. T. Historical Books”, in Edwards A[masa] Park, editor, The Bibliotheca Sacra, volume XXXVII, number 148, Andover: […] Warren F. Draper; London: Trübner and Company, page 735:
text: Muffett’s book was not a recipe book, but the credentials of its author (as well as those of the book’s “enlarger”) put him in the rare position of being a qualified English physician writing for a lay audience on paramedical matters.
ref: 1996, Suzanne W[hite] Hull, “Preparing Food”, in Women According to Men: The World of Tudor-Stuart Women, Walnut Creek; London; New Delhi: AltaMira Press, →ISBN, page 164:
glosses: One who enlarges.
Derived terms: photoenlarger
photofabrication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + fabrication.
Senses: glosses: A photographic method of manufacturing integrated circuits in which a pattern is placed over a semiconductor in an etching solution and exposed to light
photoferroelectric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From photo- + ferroelectric.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Of, or relating to the effect of light on ferroelectric materials.
Derived terms: photoferroelectric effect
photoferroelectric imaging
ferroelectric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From ferro- + electric.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: of, or relating to the permanent electrical polarization of a crystalline dielectric in an electric field
Derived terms: antiferroelectric
ferroelectrically
ferroelectric capacitor
ferroelectric converter
ferroelectric crystal
ferroelectric domain
ferroelectric hysteresis
ferroelectricity
ferroelectric liquid-crystal display
ferroelectric RAM
ferroelectric shutter
hyperferroelectric
magnetoferroelectric
photoferroelectric
ferroelectric
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ferroelectrics
Etymology: From ferro- + electric.
Senses: glosses: A ferroelectric material
photofinishing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + finishing.
Senses: examples: text: Berkey, a competitor in photofinishing, alleged violations of §2 arising from Kodak's failure to predisclose the nature of the new film, which would have given it time to adapt to the new requirements.
ref: 2021, Phillip E. Areeda, Louis Kaplow, Aaron S. Edlin, Antitrust Analysis: Problems, Text, and Cases, page 412:
topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: The commercial developing and printing of photographs
photofission
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: photofissions
Etymology: From photo- + fission.
Senses: qualifier: nuclear physics
glosses: Nuclear fission as the result of the absorption of a gamma ray or other high-energy photon.
Coordinate terms: photodisintegration
photofission
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: photofissions
form: photofissioning
form: photofissioned
form: photofissioned
Etymology: From photo- + fission.
Senses: qualifier: nuclear physics
glosses: To undergo, or cause to undergo, photofission.
photoflash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: photoflashes
Etymology: From photo- + flash.
Senses: topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: A lamp that emits a brief flash of bright light; used to take photographs in a dark environment
topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: A flashbulb
Derived terms: photoflash bomb
photoflash capacitor
photoflash cartridge
photoflash composition
photoflash lamp
photoflash unit
wormseed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wormseeds
Etymology: From Middle English wormsede, wormesede, worme sede, wyrmsed, equivalent to worm + seed.
Senses: glosses: An aromatic tropical plant (Dysphania ambrosioides, syn. Chenopodium ambrosioides) that yields an anthelmintic oil
glosses: Santonica or Levant wormseed (Seriphidium cinum, syn. Artemisia cina), an Asian plant related to wormwood.
Synonyms: sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: Jesuit's tea
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: Mexican tea
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: epazote
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: Jerusalem oak
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: drug wormseed
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: bluebush
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: Indian goosefoot
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: Jerusalem tea
sense: Dysphania ambrosoides
word: Spanish tea
Derived terms: taxonomic: Erysimum cheiranthoides
word: wormseed mustard
photoflood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: photofloods
Etymology: From photo- + flood.
Senses: topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: A lamp that produces a broad beam of continuous bright light; used to illuminate a photographic subject
Synonyms: photoflood lamp
walkers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of walker
photofluorogram
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: photofluorograms
Senses: topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: A photograph made by photofluorography
agar-agar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Malay agar-agar (“jelly”).
Senses: examples: text: That done, you heat soya milk with oil and several flakes of agar-agar – a tasteless vegan alternative to gelatine – which dissolve into the liquid over 10 minutes, except they don’t, not really.
ref: 2018 July 19, Zoe Williams, “Can ditching meat and dairy open up new taste sensations? My week as a foodie vegan”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Agar.
glosses: A jelly dessert made from agar.
agar-agar
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑɡɑ ˌɑɡɑ/
Etymology: From Malay agak-agak. Here, the letter k represents a glottal stop, but it is elided by many speakers in Singapore.
Senses: examples: text: So I just got to agar-agar lor.
ref: 2018, Jean Tay, Sisters & Senang: The Island Plays, Epigram Books, →ISBN, Scene 17, page 99:
glosses: Alternative spelling of agak-agak (“to estimate”).
agar-agar
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑɡɑ ˌɑɡɑ/
Etymology: From Malay agak-agak. Here, the letter k represents a glottal stop, but it is elided by many speakers in Singapore.
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of agak-agak (“involving guesswork”).
photofluorography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + fluorography.
Senses: topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
medicine
photography
sciences
glosses: The photographic recording of fluoroscope images
nonsporting
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + sporting.
Senses: glosses: not sporting
Derived terms: nonsporting dog
nonrigid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: non-rigid
Etymology: From non- + rigid.
Senses: glosses: Not rigid; flexible.
glosses: That maintains its shape only by internal gas pressure.
raw_tags: of an airship
Related terms: nonrigidity
nonrigid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nonrigids
form: non-rigid
Etymology: From non- + rigid.
Senses: examples: text: Nonrigids are cheap and easy to build, store, and transport, but their lack of structural reinforcement limits them to smaller sizes and lower speeds than rigids or semirigids.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An airship that maintains its shape only by internal gas pressure.
Synonyms: blimp
Hypernyms: airship
dirigible
Coordinate terms: rigid
semirigid
nonpayment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nonpayments
form: non-payment
Etymology: From Middle English nonpayement, nonpaiement, nounpaiement, non paiement, equivalent to non (“no”, adjective) + payment.
Senses: glosses: The failure to make a payment.
photogelatin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + gelatin.
Senses: glosses: gelatin, coated on a glass plate, that carries an image to be printed by the collotype process
Derived terms: photogelatin printing
photogelatin process
photogene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈfəʊtəʊd͡ʒiːn/
Forms: form: photogenes
Etymology: From photo- + -gene.
Senses: glosses: A photograph.
examples: 1864-1898, Herbert Spencer, Principles of Biology
In youth , the visual apparatus is so quickly restored to its state of integrity , that many of these photogenes, as they are called , cannot be perceived .
glosses: An afterimage.
photogene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈfəʊtəʊd͡ʒiːn/
Forms: form: photogenes
Etymology: From photo- + gene.
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A gene involved in photosynthesis.
photogeologic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From photo- + geologic.
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, indicated by, or produced by photogeology.
Derived terms: photogeologic anomaly
photogeologic map
photogeology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + geology.
Senses: glosses: The use of aerial photography to interpret geologic features
Synonyms: photogeomorphology
Related terms: photogeologic