cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
beest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: bist
Etymology: From Middle English bēst, biest, beost, bist, from Old English bist; equivalent to be + -est. Compare West Frisian bist, German bist.
Senses: examples: text: Stephano! if thou beest Stephano, touch me, and speake to me: for I am Trinculo; be not afeard, thy good friend Trinculo.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
text: If thou, to be so seene, beest loath, / By Sunne, or Moone, thou darknest both […].
ref: a. 1631 (date written), J[ohn] Donne, “The Baite”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC:
glosses: second-person singular present indicative or subjunctive of be
Related terms: am
are
art
be
been
being
is
was
wast
were
wert
beest
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: beests
Etymology: From Middle English beest. See beestings.
Senses: glosses: beestings, colostrum
goud
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Compare Old French gaide, French guède, from Old High German; or compare French gaude. See also woad.
Senses: glosses: woad
goud
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gouds
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of gourde (“Haitian currency”).
dirtiest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of dirty: most dirty
dirtiest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: second-person singular simple present indicative of dirty
boos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /buːz/
rhymes: -uːz
homophone: booze
Senses: glosses: plural of boo
boos
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /buːz/
rhymes: -uːz
homophone: booze
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of boo
droog
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: droogs
Etymology: From Russian друг (drug, “friend”), in which sense it is used in the invented slang, Nadsat (Надсат)in Anthony Burgess's dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange (1962).
Senses: glosses: A violent young gang member or a hooligan.
Derived terms: droogish
donker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒŋ.kə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɒŋkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: donkers
Etymology: donkey route + -er
Senses: glosses: A people smuggler.
emaciate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ĭ-mā′shē-āt′
ipa: /ɪˈmeɪ̯.ʃiːˌeɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈmeɪ̯.ʃiˌeɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈmeɪ̯.siˌeɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈmæɪ̯.ʃiːˌæɪ̯t/
ipa: /əˈmæɪ̯.ʃiːˌæɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈme.ʃiˌet/
ipa: /ɪˈmeː.ʃiːˌeːʈ/
rhymes: -eɪʃieɪt
Forms: form: emaciates
form: emaciating
form: emaciated
form: emaciated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin ēmaciātus, perfect passive participle of ēmaciō (“to make lean, to cause to waste away”), from ex- (“out”) + maciēs (“leanness”), from macer (“thin”).
Senses: glosses: To make extremely thin or wasted.
glosses: To become extremely thin or wasted.
Derived terms: emaciated
emaciation
Related terms: meager
emaciate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ĭ-mā′shē-āt′
ipa: /ɪˈmeɪ̯.ʃiːˌeɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈmeɪ̯.ʃiˌeɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈmeɪ̯.siˌeɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈmæɪ̯.ʃiːˌæɪ̯t/
ipa: /əˈmæɪ̯.ʃiːˌæɪ̯t/
ipa: /ɪˈme.ʃiˌet/
ipa: /ɪˈmeː.ʃiːˌeːʈ/
rhymes: -eɪʃieɪt
Forms: form: more emaciate
form: most emaciate
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin ēmaciātus, perfect passive participle of ēmaciō (“to make lean, to cause to waste away”), from ex- (“out”) + maciēs (“leanness”), from macer (“thin”).
Senses: glosses: Emaciated.
Related terms: gaunt
jong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʒɒŋ/
ipa: /dʒɔŋ/
ipa: /dʒɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Forms: form: jongs
form: dzong
Etymology: From Tibetan རྫོང (rdzong, “fortress, castle; province, district”).
Senses: examples: text: The rock on which the jong stands must at one time have been lapped by the waters of the lake, but at the present time the Yam-dok tso has retreated so far, that a quashy stretch of vivid green quagmire spreads between the road and the shore.
ref: 1905, Perceval Landon, The Opening of Tibet:
text: When they had gone I went for a solitary ride, rounding the Jong and striking out into the country through a subsidiary village.
ref: 1933, Robert Byron, First Russia, Then Tibet, Tauris Parke, published 2011, page 211:
text: However, the Tibetans refused to negotiate – except on the British side of the frontier – and withdrew into their fortress, or jong.
ref: 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 451:
text: The origin of the Tibetan dzong is not known although there is evidence of Chinese and Mongol influences in the style of their military architecture.
ref: 2011, Peter Harrison, Fortress Monasteries of the Himalayas, Osprey, published 2011, page 14:
glosses: A Tibetan building which makes up a prefecture; typically a monastery or fortress.
jong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʒɒŋ/
ipa: /dʒɔŋ/
ipa: /dʒɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /jɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /dʒɒŋ/
ipa: /dʒɔŋ/
ipa: /dʒɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Forms: form: jongs
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans jong (“male servant; boy”), from Dutch jongen (“young”).
Senses: examples: text: I take out my pocket knife and start to smooth it. What do you want with that stick says Jan. Nothing. Well throw it away. No jong I am going to keep it.
ref: 1975, Sheila Roberts, Outside Life's Feast: Short Stories, Johannesburg: Ad. Donker, →ISBN, page 28:
glosses: A friendly term of address, especially for a young man.
jong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʒɒŋ/
ipa: /dʒɔŋ/
ipa: /dʒɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /jɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /dʒɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /dʒɒŋ/
ipa: /dʒɔŋ/
ipa: /dʒɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /jɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Forms: form: jongs
Etymology: See djong.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of djong (“type of sailing ship”).
druk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɹʌk/
rhymes: -ʌk
Forms: form: druks
Senses: examples: text: They come in such varied styles and colors, you can fashion anything, from beaded eggs tightly cocooned in strands of glittering rocailles to snowflakes that artfully blend tiny tri-cut beads with bugle beads and druks.
ref: 1997, Martha Stewart, Christmas with Martha Stewart living: Decorating for the holidays:
glosses: A kind of spherical Czech glass bead used in crafting.
kans
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of kan
Related terms: kans grass
markt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of mark
Derived terms: unmarkt
confab
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒnfæb/
ipa: /kənˈfæb/
ipa: /kɑn-/
ipa: /kɔnˈfæb/
rhymes: -æb
Forms: form: confabs
form: confabbing
form: confabbed
form: confabbed
Etymology: Clipping of confabulate, from Latin cōnfābulārī + English -ate (suffix forming verbs with the sense of acting in the specified manner). Cōnfābulārī is the present active infinitive of cōnfābulor (“to converse; to discuss”), from con- (prefix indicating a bringing together) + fābulor (“to chat, converse, talk; to make up a story”) (from fābula (“discourse, narrative; fable, story”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say, speak”)) + for (“to say, speak, talk”)).
Senses: examples: text: [T]o mak conquests o' bits o' lasses, ye would hae been sitting in your forlorn chair, confabbing wi' Jock, about whether by rope, or gun, was the easiest way o' deeing.
ref: 1826, [John Galt], chapter XXVI, in The Last of the Lairds: Or, The Life and Opinions of Malachi Mailings, Esq. of Auldbiggings, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 230:
text: He had actually argued and "confabbed" with a strange jeweller, and he had asked him questions about his wife; his delicate little Hélène!
ref: 1878 November, “Two Handsome People; Two Jealous People; and a Ring!”, in Temple Bar: A London Magazine for Town and Country Readers, volume LIV, London: Richard Bentley & Son, […]; New York, N.Y.: Willmer and Rogers; Paris: Galignani, published March 1870, →OCLC, chapter II, page 398:
text: We had a cold supper, and then Bill and me walked out on the prairie, to confab a little about what was ahead.
ref: 1987, Peter Bowen, chapter 26, in Yellowstone Kelly: Gentleman and Scout, New York, N.Y.: Open Road Media, published 2013, →ISBN:
synonyms: word: confable
glosses: Clipping of confabulate (“to speak casually with somebody; to chat”).
exemption
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪɡˈzɛm(p).ʃən/
Forms: form: exemptions
Etymology: From Old French exemption, from Latin exemptiō, from eximō, equivalent to exempt + -ion.
Senses: glosses: An act of exempting.
examples: text: The legislation also tightens the share of unused exemptions states can carry over from year to year. […] Lots of people who are in compliance with the new rules – either because they already work or meet exemption criteria – could lose their assistance because of red tape, said Dottie Rosenbaum, the center’s director of federal SNAP policy.
ref: 2023 June 2, Tami Luhby, “Here’s who would have to work for government benefits – and who wouldn’t – under the debt ceiling package”, in CNN:
glosses: The state of being exempt; immunity.
glosses: A deduction from the normal amount of taxes.
glosses: Freedom from a defect or weakness.
Synonyms: dispensation
free pass
get out of jail free card
immunity
Derived terms: exemptional
nonexemption
therapeutic use exemption
noot
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Senses: glosses: nothing
Synonyms: nowt
Derived terms: shy bairns get noot
agenbite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /əˈɡɛnbʌɪt/
Forms: form: againbite
form: gainbite
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Middle English ayenbite, reflecting Old English agēn (“again, eft, back”).
Senses: examples: text: Speaking to me. They wash and tub and scrub. Agenbite of inwit. Conscience.
ref: 1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
text: A special property of all social extensions of the body is that they return to plague the inventors in a kind of agenbite of outwit.'
ref: 1998, Marshall McLuhan, The Agenbite of Outwit:
text: But more to the point here, the agenbite is, if not a Jewish condition, then more pervasive among Jews than any other group, by a wide margin.
ref: 2008, David Koffler, How Jewy Should We Want Our Presidents To Be?:
text: […]habitude of writers challenged by the affliction of an over-agenbite and inwit to match.
ref: 2005, James Rother, A Review of An Lauterbach:
qualifier: often purposely archaic
glosses: Remorse, ayenbite.
epidural
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛp.ɪˈdjʊə.ɹəl/
ipa: /ɛp.ɪˈdjɔː.ɹəl/
ipa: /ɛp.əˈd(j)ʊɹ.əl/
rhymes: -ʊəɹəl
Forms: form: more epidural
form: most epidural
Etymology: From epi- + dural.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
synonyms: extradural
peridural
glosses: Situated on or outside the dura mater.
examples: text: Epidural anesthesia is commonly used for pain relief during childbirth.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Of or pertaining to the space immediately outside the dura mater.
Derived terms: epidurally
epiduro-
nonepidural
postepidural
epidural
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛp.ɪˈdjʊə.ɹəl/
ipa: /ɛp.ɪˈdjɔː.ɹəl/
ipa: /ɛp.əˈd(j)ʊɹ.əl/
rhymes: -ʊəɹəl
Forms: form: epidurals
Etymology: From epi- + dural.
Senses: examples: text: For reasons I shan’t bore you with, I got them to induce me at 39 weeks, at 10am, with the epidural going in first, and it was all a dream. Until the baby went back to back and they very nicely pointed out that the epidural doesn’t deal with that pain.
ref: 2014 December 5, Marina Hyde, “Childbirth is as awful as it is magical, thanks to our postnatal ‘care’”, in The Guardian:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: An injection of anaesthetic into the epidural space of the spine, especially associated with pain relief during childbirth.
grens
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of gren
cingle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪŋɡəl/
rhymes: -ɪŋɡəl
homophone: single
Forms: form: cingles
Etymology: From Middle English sengle, from Old French sengle, cengle (Modern French sangle), from Late Latin cingula, from Latin cingulum (“girdle”), from cingere (“to gird”). Doublet of cinch. Compare also Middle English kyngle, kyngll (“girdle, brooch”) from Old Norse kinga (“brooch”).
Senses: examples: text: A triangle of arcs, her slip, flag red, and her friend with a swimmer’s back and saucery hollows in his solidly boxed buttocks was cupped into a gauze pouch and cingle.
ref: 1990, Guy Davenport, The Drummer of the Eleventh North Devonshire Fusiliers:
glosses: A kind of belt or other girdle.
gif
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gifs
Senses: examples: text: Naomi Osaka, a Japanese professional tennis player, also responded to the NHK post with a popular gif of “Family Feud” host Steve Harvey expressing bewilderment.
ref: 2020 June 9, Yoko Wakatsuki, Eric Cheung and Jack Guy, “Japanese broadcaster takes down controversial Black Lives Matter anime”, in CNN:
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of GIF.
gif
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: gifs
form: gifing
form: gifed
form: gifed
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of GIF.
comitatus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɒmɪˈteɪtəs/
rhymes: -eɪtəs
Forms: form: comitatuses
form: comitati
form: comitatus
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin comitatus, from comes (“companion”). Doublet of county, from Anglo-Norman/Old French.
Senses: glosses: A group of warriors or nobles accompanying a king or other leader.
glosses: A county, shire.
Related terms: posse comitatus
controle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: Obsolete form of control
annulment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈnʌl.mənt/
Forms: form: annulments
Etymology: Recorded since the 15th century (sense destruction); from Middle English anullement, partly from annullen (from Middle French annuller, from Latin annūllāre, from ad (“to”) + nūllus (“not any, nothing”) + verbal ending -āre) + -ment (“means to”) (from Latin -mentum) and partly from Middle French annullement. By surface analysis, annul + -ment.
Senses: examples: text: marriage annulment
text: grant an annulment
text: petition for annulment
text: The marriage was declared void by an official annulment.
text: They sought an annulment instead of a divorce.
glosses: An act or instance of annulling.
glosses: The state of having been annulled.
topics: law
glosses: An invalidation of something, especially a legal contract.
topics: Catholicism
Christianity
law
synonyms: declaration of nullity
glosses: A legal (notably judicial) declaration that a marriage is invalid; the procedure leading to it.
glosses: Total destruction.
Synonyms: word: abolition
english: cognate
translation: cognate
word: nullification
word: cancellation
Derived terms: disannulment
nonannulment
comminate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmɪneɪt/
Forms: form: comminates
form: comminating
form: comminated
form: comminated
Etymology: Latin comminat-, past participle stem of comminari, from com- + minari (“threaten”).
Senses: glosses: To denounce or curse.
glosses: To threaten, especially with divine punishment
contumely
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒnt͡ʃuːməli/
ipa: /ˈkɒntjuːməli/
ipa: /kɒnˈt͡ʃuːməli/
ipa: /kɒnˈtjuːməli/
Forms: form: contumelies
Etymology: From Old French contumelie, from Latin contumēlia (“insult”), perhaps from com- + tumeō (“swell”).
Senses: examples: text: For who would beare the Whips and Scornes of time, / The Oppressors wrong, the poore mans Contumely, [...]
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
text: Think of the insults, wrongs, and contumelies, / Ye bear from your proud lords—that your hard toil / Manures their fertile fields—you plow the earth, / You sow the corn, you reap the ripen'd harvest,— / They riot on the produce!— [...]
ref: 1794, Robert Southey, Wat Tyler. A Dramatic Poem. In Three Acts, London: J[ohn] M‘Creery, […] for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], published 1817, →OCLC, Act I, page 21:
text: She had been subjected to contumely and cross-questoning and ill-usage through the whole evening.
ref: 1857, Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers, Volume the Second, →ISBN, page 19:
text: Every one who has ever tried to set the affairs of his neighbors straight for them must be aware that those who pursue this course lay themselves open not only to ingratitude, but to positive contumely.
ref: 1897, Stanley John Weyman, “The Professor and the Harpy”, in For the Cause:
text: Even the comfort of the bottle might conceivably fail him in this supreme crisis. At such an age nothing but a halter could cure the pangs of an unquenchable passion. And, besides, there was the wild exasperation aroused by the unjust aspersions and the contumely of the house, with the maddening impossibility to account for that mysterious thrashing, added to these simple and bitter sorrows.
ref: 1911, Joseph Conrad, Under Western Eyes:
text: What scorn, what contumely, would be his!
ref: 1914, Grace Livingston Hill, The Best Man:
text: If this picture of the two psychical agencies and their relation to the consciousness is accepted, there is a complete analogy in political life to the extraordinary affection which I felt in my dream for my friend R., who was treated with such contumely during the dream's interpretation.
ref: 1953, Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, The Interpretation of Dreams, Avon Books, page 178:
text: ignoring the outcry, Harvey Warrender continued heatedly, 'If this government had been guilty of a breach of law, we would deserve the contumely of the House.'
ref: 1962, Arthur Hailey, chapter 2, in In High Places:
text: I could think of no words adequate to the occasion. So I belched. Not out of contumely, you understand. It was a sympathetic belch, a belch of brotherhood.
ref: 1976, Robert Nye, Falstaff:
glosses: Offensive and abusive language or behaviour; scorn, insult.
Related terms: contumacious
contumaciously
contumaciousness
contumacy
contumelious
contuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtuz/
ipa: /kənˈtjuːz/
Forms: form: contuses
form: contusing
form: contused
form: contused
Etymology: From (the participle stem of) Latin contundere (“pound or beat small”), from com- + tundere (“beat, thump”).
Senses: examples: text: How many uteruses, vaginas and perineums, suppose you, would we have to contuse and lacerate before we acquired the amount of skill and dexterity to which the gentlemen who advocate the forceps have attained?
ref: 1869, St Louis Medical Society, The Medical Archives, volume III:
text: His mouth had been struck or kicked. The lips were severely contused, reddened.
ref: 1965, John Fowles, The Magus:
text: This would have to be followed by a calculation of 'reasonable force', knowing that any bruising, scratching or contusing would expose me to a charge of assault.
ref: 2 Nov 2008, Donald Macleod, The Guardian:
glosses: To injure without breaking the skin; to bruise.
Derived terms: contusive
Related terms: contusion
economically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more economically
form: most economically
form: œconomically
Etymology: From economical + -ly.
Senses: topics: manner
synonyms: prudently
glosses: In an economical manner; not wastefully; not extravagantly.
examples: text: Kim Jong-il, who has died aged 69, was the general secretary of the Workers party of Korea, and head of the military in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). He was one of the most reclusive and widely condemned national leaders of the late 20th and early 21st century, leaving his country diplomatically isolated, economically broken and divided from South Korea.
ref: 2011 December 19, Kerry Brown, “Kim Jong-il obituary”, in The Guardian:
text: More than 40% of Dominicans are economically vulnerable and are at risk of falling into poverty due to climate-related impacts and economic crises, according to the World Bank.
ref: 2024 May 17, Jessica Hasbun, “The Dominican Republic votes on Sunday. Here’s what to know”, in CNN, archived from the original on 18 May 2024:
qualifier: domain
glosses: From the perspective of economics or an economy.
topics: lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: According to divine economy.
Derived terms: agroeconomically
economically motivated adulteration
politicoeconomically
socioeconomically
autobiographical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɑtoʊˌbaɪəˈɡɹæfəkəl/
ipa: /ˌɔː.təˌbaɪ.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk.əl/
Forms: form: more autobiographical
form: most autobiographical
form: autobiographic
Etymology: From autobiography + -ical or auto- + biographical.
Senses: examples: text: The 2006 graphic novel, an autobiographical work about Bechdel coming to terms with her homosexuality as her funeral-director father remains closeted, was selected as a summer reading book for the Duke Class of 2019.
ref: 2015 August 24, Todd Leopold, “Duke students reject award-winning book over gay themes”, in CNN:
glosses: Of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life, as told by the subject.
Derived terms: autobiographicalize
autobiographically
autobiographicalness
autobiographical number
highly superior autobiographical memory
nonautobiographical
pseudo-autobiographical
quasi-autobiographical
semiautobiographical
semi-autobiographical
superior autobiographical memory
Related terms: autobiografiction
autobiography
autobiopic
biographical
loquaciously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more loquaciously
form: most loquaciously
Etymology: From loquacious + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a loquacious manner.
economical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkəl/
ipa: /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪkəl/
ipa: /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl/
Forms: form: more economical
form: most economical
form: economicall
form: œconomical
form: œconomicall
Etymology: From economic + -al.
Senses: examples: text: He was an economical person by nature.
glosses: Careful with money so as not to spend too much; prudent; thrifty.
examples: text: The new, eco-friendly bicycle was an economical purchase.
text: Regular freight trains between Abergavenny and Merthyr were withdrawn on November 24, 1954, because it was found both practicable and more economical to send this traffic by less severely-graded routes.
ref: 1958 February 24, “Notes and News: Merthyr-Abergavenny Service”, in Railway Magazine, page 138:
text: The whole [resignalling] scheme has proved more economical than the construction of a new Clyde bridge.
ref: 1961 March, “The new Glasgow Central signalbox”, in Trains Illustrated, page 177:
glosses: Saving money or resources.
examples: text: In economical science, value and the power of producing value are taken into consideration.
ref: 1854, Patrick Edward Dove, The Elements of Political Science, part 2, page 246:
text: By Use, then, in the sense given it by the Say-Hermann school, we have to think of an objective useful element which proceeds from goods, and acquires independent economical existence as well as independent economical value.
ref: 1922, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Capital and Interest: A Critical History of Economical Theory, page 218:
text: Doctor in Economical Sciences.
ref: 2007, Who's Who in the Arab World, page 312:
text: Economical function usually has anti-crisis orientation and forms stable economical development of the state.
ref: 2010, New Techniques and Technologies in Mining, page 20:
glosses: Relating to economy in any other sense.
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
antonyms: expensive
glosses: Having a low economy rate.
Derived terms: agroeconomical
bioeconomical
economically
economicalness
economical with the truth
geoeconomical
noneconomical
pharmacoeconomical
socio-political-economical
uneconomical
uneconomicalness
Related terms: economic
costive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒstɪv/
ipa: /ˈkɑstɪv/
Forms: form: more costive
form: most costive
Etymology: From Middle French costivé, past participle of costiver (“to constipate”), ultimately from Latin cōnstīpātus (“constipated”). Doublet of constipate.
Senses: examples: text: When I was mortall, this my costiue corps / Did lap vp Figs and Raisons in the Strand, / Where sitting I espi'd a louely Dame, / Whose maister wrought with Lingell and with All, / And vnder ground he vampied many a boote.
ref: 1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act V, signature K3, recto:
text: Melanie, who was used to Wani's costive memos, and even to dressing up the gist of a letter in her own words, stuck out her tongue in concentration as she took down Nick's old-fashioned periods and perplexing semicolons.
ref: 2004, Alan Hollinghurst, The Line of Beauty […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 346:
glosses: Constipated.
examples: text: Well, the shoemaker and his wife, Louise, may have been poor, needy, indigent, destitute, impecunious and impoverished — at least before the elves came along — but they had never been parsimonious, costive, miserly, penny-pinching or stinting. They were far from being avaricious, rapacious, mean or greedy. The shoemaker was uxorious about his wife, Louise, but he had never been usurious, even when he had money to lend […]
ref: 2006 July 1, Hugh Conlon, Nine Familiar Fables, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 73:
text: For quotations using this term, see Citations:costive.
glosses: Miserly, parsimonious.
Derived terms: costively
costiveness
crinal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈkɹʌɪnəl/
Etymology: From Latin crinis (“hair”).
Senses: examples: text: Their hair belonged to some middle crinal zone between aseptic nord and latitudinarian jetwalled lousehouse.
ref: 1974, Anthony Burgess, The Clockwork Testament:
glosses: Pertaining to the hair.
Derived terms: intracrinal
cromlech
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɒmlɛk/
ipa: /ˈkɹɑmlɛk/
Forms: form: cromlechs
Etymology: From Welsh, from crom (“bowed, arched”, feminine of crwm) + llech (“flat stone”).
First element is a Germanic borrowing (compare Irish crom (“bent over”)) from Proto-Germanic *krumpaz; second element is from Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā, compare German Fläche (“flat surface”).
Senses: examples: text: The scenes depicted on the emunctory field, showing our ancient duns and raths and cromlechs and grianauns and seats of learning and maledictive stones, are as wonderfully beautiful and the pigments as delicate as when the Sligo illuminators gave free rein to their artistic fantasy long long ago in the time of the Barmecides.
ref: 1922, James Joyce, Ulysses:
synonyms: bowing stone
glosses: A dolmen or ancient underground tomb in Wales, usually made with stones disposed in a circular shape.
authorization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɔːθəɹaɪˈzeɪʃn/
Forms: form: authorizations
form: authorisation
Etymology: From authorize + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Our proposal thus envisages a new procedure for the authorization of experimental program
ref: 1966, Education at Berkeley, page 116:
text: His authorization of decapitation targeting is incompatible with his theory of limited war
ref: 1985 May 24, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, volume 41, number 5, page 46:
text: Its purpose is to govern the authorization of credit institutions and the provision of financial services throughout the EC.
ref: 1990, Horst Ungerer, The European monetary system: developments and perspectives, page 36:
text: She pushed buttons at a new, small oval kind of telescreen, quickly gathering together the high-level authorizations it had taken hours of preparation to collect.
ref: 2002, Teresa Plowright, Dreams of an Unseen Planet:
glosses: An act of authorizing.
examples: text: I've got authorization. Call the office and you'll see.
glosses: The state of being authorized to do something or to be somewhere; formally granted permission.
examples: text: Can I see your authorization?
glosses: A document giving formal sanction, permission or warrant.
examples: text: We've had the authorization for years, but we've never gotten an appropriation.
topics: government
glosses: Permission, possibly limited, to spend funds for a specific budgetary purpose.
Coordinate terms: english: in some legal contexts, authorization is different from approval
translation: in some legal contexts, authorization is different from approval
word: approval
Derived terms: atomic authorization
deauthorization
misauthorization
postauthorization
preauthorization
prior authorization
reauthorization
Related terms: author
authority
unauthorized
crupper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹʌpə/
ipa: /ˈkɹʊpəɹ/
ipa: /ˈkɹʌpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkɹʊpɚ/
Forms: form: cruppers
Etymology: From Middle English croper, crouper, from Anglo-Norman cruper, cropere, from Old French cropiere, crupiere, from the same Germanic root as croup. Doublet of croupiere.
Senses: examples: text: Our knight did bear no less a pack / Of his own buttocks on his back: / Which now had almost got the upper- / Hand of his head, for want of crupper.
ref: 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:
text: he eſpied a mule's crupper, which hung to the ceiling of the room; this he took down, and tendering it to Don Quixote, went on, ſaying...
ref: 1784, Alonzo Fernandez de Avellaneda, translated by William Augustus Yardley, A continuation of the history and adventures of the renowned Don Quixote de la Mancha: The Novelist's Magazine, volume 16, page 112:
text: Captain went out in the cab all the morning. Harry came in after school to feed me and give me water. In the afternoon I was put into the cab. Jerry took as much pains to see if the collar and bridle fitted comfortably, as if he had been John Manly over again. When the crupper was let out a hole or two, it all fitted well. There was no bearing rein—no curb—nothing but a plain ring snaffle. What a blessing that was!
ref: [1877], Anna Sewell, “A London Cab Horse”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part III, page 158:
text: I sought among the mules one with a mild expression of generosity and gentleness in its eyes, and found it in a white mule with a crupper adorned with arabesques.
ref: 1882, Edmondo de Amicis, Morocco: Its People & Places, tr. C. Rollin-Tilton
glosses: A strap, looped under a horse's tail, used to stop a saddle from slipping.
synonyms: croup
glosses: The buttocks or rump, especially of a horse.
synonyms: croupiere
glosses: A piece of armour covering the hindquarters/buttocks of a horse.
crupper
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹʌpə/
ipa: /ˈkɹʊpəɹ/
ipa: /ˈkɹʌpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkɹʊpɚ/
Forms: form: cruppers
form: cruppering
form: cruppered
form: cruppered
Etymology: From Middle English croper, crouper, from Anglo-Norman cruper, cropere, from Old French cropiere, crupiere, from the same Germanic root as croup. Doublet of croupiere.
Senses: examples: to crupper a horse
glosses: To fit with a crupper; to place a crupper upon.
Related terms: curple
crural
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹʊəɹəl/
rhymes: -ʊəɹəl
Etymology: From Latin crūrālis, from crūs (“leg”) (stem: crūr-).
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Pertaining to the leg.
glosses: Leg-like in shape or constitution.
Derived terms: bicrural
brachiocrural
crural arch
crural artery
crural canal
cruralgia
crural hernia
crural nerve
crural ring
crural septum
crural sheath
crural vein
crural vessel
femorocrural
genitocrural
inguinocrural
intercrural
lumbocrural
popliteocrural
postcrural
precrural
retrocrural
talocrural
tarsocrural
vulvocrural
Related terms: word: crure
topics: heraldry
hobbies
nobility
monarchy
politics
government
lifestyle
word: crured
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
geometry
mathematics
word: crus
cucurbitaceous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kjuːkɜːbɪˈteɪʃəs/
rhymes: -eɪʃəs
Forms: form: more cucurbitaceous
form: most cucurbitaceous
Etymology: From Latin cucurbita (“gourd”), + -aceous.
Senses: examples: text: On he goes, gabbing, gabbing, recipes for preparing beets in a hundred tasty ways, or such cucurbitaceous improbabilities as Ernest Pudding’s Gourd Surprise
ref: 1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:
glosses: Pertaining to the gourd family, including cucumbers, pumpkins etc.
smaak
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /smɑːk/
rhymes: -ɑːk
Forms: form: smaaks
form: smaaking
form: smaaked
form: smaaked
Etymology: Afrikaans
Senses: examples: text: He said the best thing that ever happened to him there was one time when he managed to fuck a chick he smaaked through the bars one night.
ref: 2005, Al Lovejoy, Acid Alex:
text: 'I thought he was quite good-looking for a Tottie,' Carol said. 'I smaaked that scar - like a pirate.'
ref: 2005, David Evans, A Touch of the Sun:
glosses: To like; to be attracted to.
gravitational propulsion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Any supposed method of propulsion that warps space or spacetime or interacts in some way with warped space or spacetime.
cullet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈkʌlɪt/
Forms: form: cullets
Etymology: Variant of collet.
Senses: glosses: Scrap glass which is melted down for reuse.
glosses: A small central plane in the back of a cut gem.
brawny
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹɔːni/
ipa: /bɹɔni/
ipa: /bɹɑni/
Forms: form: brawnier
form: brawniest
Etymology: From Middle English brawny; equivalent to brawn + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Rattler was a big, brawny fellow, and he stepped up in front of me, rolling up his sleeves.
text: As he stood on one side, for a minute or so, unbuttoning his waist-coat and breeches, her fat, brawny thighs hung down
ref: 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:
english: Fanny Hill
translation: Fanny Hill
text: Once the pressure of the comparatively low-drivered J's was raised to 300 pounds, they ranked as the brawniest of 4-8-4's with a tractive force of 80,000 pounds.
ref: 1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 68:
glosses: Characterized by brawn; muscular, thewy; strong.
glosses: Calloused; hardened.
Derived terms: brawnily
brawniness
culverin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈkʌlvəɹɪn/
Forms: form: culverins
Etymology: From Middle English culveryne, from Old French coulevrine, from couleuvre (“snake”) (or from Latin colubrīnus), ultimately from Latin colubra, coluber (“snake”). Doublet of colubrine.
Senses: glosses: Any of a range of early gunpowder-fired guns of various sizes, from firearm to artillery.
A kind of handgun.
examples: text: Let Sacars, Culuerings, and Cannons ſound / In honour of their bones, and rock the ground / With all your deafning terrors: for behold / The Balſum for your wounds, are rich mens gold, / Powder the world with wonder, and thus crie, / The Camel now may paſſe the needles eie.
ref: 1616, M. Robert Anton, “The Philosophers fovrth Satyr of Mars”, in The Philosophers Satyrs, London: Printed by T[homas] C[reede] and B[ernard] A[lsop] for Roger Iackſon, page 36:
text: This had been discharged from a culverin on the opposite side of the valley.
ref: 1895, R. D. Blackmore, Slain By The Doones, Dodd, Mead and Company, page 6:
glosses: Any of a range of early gunpowder-fired guns of various sizes, from firearm to artillery.
A large cannon.
coordinate_terms: demiculverin
demi-culverin
aspic
Derived terms: culverineer
demiculverin
brawniness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From brawny + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being brawny or having brawn.
tellen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tellens
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Archaic spelling of tellin.
tellen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˈtɛlən/
Etymology: From Middle English tellen, equivalent to tell + -en.
Senses: examples: text: They tellen me as them furrin 'tatoes bin kill-dried afore they comen 'ere, so they bin no good fur settin'.
ref: 1879, Georgina F. Jackson, “KILL, sb.”, in Shropshire Word-book: A Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Etc., Used in the County, London: Trübner & Company, page 233:
text: A dog, when it's had th' tin kettle unteed fro its tail, an' yo' geen it a feed of wut-cake an' milk, an' yo' tellen it to lie deawn upo' th' hearthstone, an' if it's a mind to stop wheere it is it may.
ref: 1881, Benjamin Brierly, “Fain”, in Ab-o'th'-yate's Dictionary: Or Walmsley Fowt Skoomester, Manchester: Abel Heywood & Son, page 72:
text: Hoo'll never do no good at the music, they tellen her up at the school, wi'out hoo practises reg'lar, an' it's unpossible for her to do that wi'out we has a pianney i' the 'ouse.
ref: 1905 May 13, M. E. Francis, “Mrs Gradwell's Piano”, in Country Life, volume XVII, number 436, Country Life, Limited, page 678:
glosses: plural simple present of tell
curule
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈkjʊəɹuːl/
Etymology: From Latin curūlis (“of or pertaining to a chariot; curule chair”), from currus (“chariot”), from currō (“run”).
Senses: examples: text: Followed by his foolish followers Titus Vinius, who had served him in Spain, Cornelius Laco, an arrogant idiot, and the freedman Icelus Marcianus, who was after Laco’s post, he made for the curule chair.
ref: 1985, Anthony Burgess, Kingdom of the Wicked:
glosses: Designating a kind of elaborate ceremonial seat inlaid with ivory, used by the highest magistrates in ancient Rome.
maken
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -eɪkən
Etymology: From Middle English maken, equivalent to make + -en.
Senses: examples: text: And emõges his familiares theſe wordes folowyng were muche in his mouthe: The damyſelles of Perſia maken ſore yies.
ref: 1542, Eraſmus of Roterodame, “The Saiynges of Alexander the Greate”, in Nicolas Vdall, transl., Apothegmes […] , page 197:
text: To whom no ſhare in armes and cheualree, / They doe impart, ne maken memoree[…]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 410:
text: All theſe Starres maken one hundred and eight, / Bright and conſpicuous without deceite.
ref: 1606, N[athaniel] B[axter], Sir Philip Sydneys Ouránia, That Is, Endimions Song and Tragedie, Containing All Philosophie, London: […] Ed. Allde, for Edward White, […], →OCLC, signature [D4], verso:
glosses: plural simple present of make
brawner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: brawners
Etymology: From brawn (“boar”) + -er.
Senses: examples: text: [A]nd it is now the universal opinion among all enlightened men, that the misery of the brawner would be very little diminished, if he could be made sensible that he was to be eaten up only by persons of the first fashion.
ref: 1809, Sidney Smith, Edinburgh Review:
glosses: A boar killed for the table.
blazen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: blazens
form: blazening
form: blazened
form: blazened
Etymology: From blaze + -en.
Senses: examples: text: An active rival, who let no opportunity escape to enhance his own interest to the detriment of ours, was unsparing in his efforts to blazen his own glories, and prevent the Eastern world from discovering anything valuable beyond the Mississippi river.
ref: 1867, Biennial Report, page 252:
glosses: To set ablaze
examples: text: We were on the left center, Mosleys battery on our left, brave men melting before the blazening cannon and chargeing^([sic]) Infantry one volley after another and dead men were in piles.
ref: 1970, Levi Lamoni Wight, The reminiscences and Civil War letters of Levi Lamoni Wight:
glosses: To be ablaze
calloused
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more calloused
form: most calloused
Senses: examples: text: It was inconceivable, it astounded him, that this slender, beautiful girl of scarcely twenty should have anything, even a bitter enmity, in common with this crime-calloused man of fifty
ref: 1927, William Byron Mowery, Pirates Of The Muskeg:
glosses: Alternative form of callused.
Derived terms: uncalloused
koken
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kokens
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 後見(こうけん) (kōken, “a staff in noh and kabuki”).
Senses: examples: text: McAllister uses the Japanese device of the koken for changing scenes, distributing props, and creating furniture.
ref: 1988 July 8, Diana Spinrad, “Tango; Chicago Young Playwrights Festival”, in Chicago Reader:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
glosses: A black-clad person who enters the stage to rearrange the set, unremarked by the actors
phosphide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: phosphides
Etymology: From phospho- + -ide.
Senses: examples: text: The new fulminate consists of a mixture of chlorate of potash, with the prussiates, soluble or unsoluble, the hyposulphites, the hypophosphites, the phosphides, the amorphous phosphorus, alone or combined.
ref: 1867, Edmund Ronalds, Thomas Richardson, Chemical Technology, page 696:
text: These two metals were then melted in magnesia crucibles and cooled slowly, in order to find how much phosphide would separate during solidification.
ref: 1901, J. E. Stead, “Iron and Phosphorus”, in Albert Sauveur, editor, The Metallographist, volume IV, Boston, Mass.: Boston Testing Laboratories, page 225:
text: Colani (1907b) prepared uranium arsenide and antimonide by methods similar to the one he used for the preparation of phosphide.
ref: 1951, Joseph J. Katz, Eugene Rabinowitch, The Chemistry of Uranium: The Element, Its Binary and Related Compounds, New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Inc., page 241:
text: So you took the bottle of phosphide and you poured a good dose into your sister’s cup.
ref: 1959, Georges Simenon, translated by Robert Eglesfield, Maigret Has Scruples, New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, Inc., page 126:
text: On the other hand, too much phosphide may render the iron brittle.
ref: 1974, Sulzer Technical Review, volume 56/57, page 13:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any binary compound of phosphorus, especially one in oxidation state −3.
Derived terms: aluminium phosphide
aluminum phosphide
cadmium phosphide
calcium phosphide
copper phosphide
diphosphide
gallium arsenide phosphide
indium phosphide
monophosphide
nickelphosphide
pentaphosphide
protophosphide
subphosphide
tetraphosphide
zinc phosphide
by-product
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: biproduct
Forms: form: by-products
form: byproduct
form: bye-product
Etymology: From by- + product.
Senses: examples: text: It was about this time that the first experiments were made (in Germany) with basic slag, a material which had hitherto been regarded as a worthless by-product of steel manufacture. A year or two later field trials were begun in England, with the final result that basic slag has become recognized as a valuable source of phosphorus for growing crops, and is now in constant demand for application to the soil as a fertilizer.
ref: 1911, “History of English Agriculture”, in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:
glosses: Something made incidentally during the production of something else.
examples: text: The many Indian restaurants all over Britain are a by-product of the large waves of immigration from the subcontinent.
text: One of the most obvious results of the B.R. Modernisation Plan has been the increasing use of diesel and electric traction; a less obvious by-product is the increase in track damage possible with the new forms of traction.
ref: 1961 February, R. K. Evans, “The role of research on British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 92:
glosses: A consequence, especially a side effect.
Related terms: waste product
citizenship
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/
Forms: form: citizenships
Etymology: From citizen + -ship.
Senses: examples: text: Katz himself is one of them. Originally an American citizen, the entrepreneur acquired citizenships in Israel and Canada where he lived for long periods. Later, he obtained a St. Kitts and Nevis citizenship through a real estate investment.
ref: 2019 October 7, Kate Springer, “Passports for purchase: Open citizenship doors around the world”, in CNN:
text: Both sides cited the case of United States vs. Wong Kim Ark from 1898, which defines elements of citizenship for immigrants.
ref: 2025 February 10, Jon Schoenheider, “Federal judge in New Hampshire blocks Trump’s order ending birthright citizenship for kids of people in US illegally”, in WMUR-TV:
glosses: The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.
Synonyms: sense: state of being a citizen in all senses
word: citizenhood
sense: status of membership in an incorporated city
word: freedom of the city
sense: status of membership in an incorporated city
word: freemanship
Derived terms: anticitizenship
biocitizenship
birthright citizenship
citizenshipless
cybercitizenship
dual citizenship
e-citizenship
intercitizenship
market citizenship
multicitizenship
multiple citizenship
noncitizenship
protocitizenship
Related terms: citizen
goed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of go
antimonide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: antimonides
Etymology: From antimony + -ide.
Senses: examples: text: Colani (1907b) prepared uranium arsenide and antimonide by methods similar to the one he used for the preparation of phosphide.
ref: 1951, Joseph J. Katz, Eugene Rabinowitch, The Chemistry of Uranium: The Element, Its Binary and Related Compounds, New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Inc., page 241:
topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any compound of antimony with more electropositive elements.
Derived terms: cadmium antimonide
chromium antimonide
chromium diantimonide
cobalt antimonide
diantimonide
hexaantimonide
holmium diantimonide
indium antimonide
octantimonide
pentaantimonide
tetraantimonide
triantimonide
yttrium antimonide
zinc antimonide
citizeness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: citizenesses
Etymology: From citizen + -ess.
Senses: glosses: A female citizen.
citizenhood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From citizen + -hood.
Senses: glosses: The state of being a citizen; citizenship
glosses: The group of all citizens.
citizenish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more citizenish
form: most citizenish
Etymology: From citizen + -ish.
Senses: glosses: Of the nature of citizens.
boord
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: boords
Senses: examples: text: […] and then let there be a hot Boord, or a logget of Wood, laid (as hot as may be suffered) to the soles of his feet when he goeth to bed, to provoke him to sweat if he can, […]
ref: 1631, A rich storehouse, or treasure for the diseased, page 117:
glosses: Obsolete form of board.