cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
intact
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈtækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: more intact
form: most intact
Etymology: From Middle French intact, from Latin intactus.
Senses: examples: text: I packed my belongings carefully so that they would survive the move intact.
text: But Pirates! comes with all the usual Aardman strengths intact, particularly the sense that its characters and creators alike are too good-hearted and sweet to nitpick. The ambition is all in the craft rather than in the storytelling, but it’s hard to say no to the proficiency of that craft, or the mild good cheer behind it.
ref: 2012 April 26, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits :”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: Left complete or whole; not touched, defiled, sullied or otherwise damaged.
examples: text: She hadn't been... molested? No, no, nothing like that. I have examined her. She is quite intact.
ref: 1975, Clifford Green, Picnic at Hanging Rock (film):
glosses: Virginal, having an intact hymen.
raw_tags: of female persons
examples: text: GM, 28, intact, atheist, 5'9", 140 lbs., seeks similar guy 20-30 for conversation and other forms of communication.
ref: 1985 August 17, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 6, page 13:
glosses: Uncircumcised, having an intact foreskin.
raw_tags: of male persons
used by intactivists
examples: text: an intact bull
glosses: Not castrated.
raw_tags: of animals
Synonyms: sense: uncircumcised
word: uncircumcised
word: intact
word: uncut
word: undivided
word: unsevered
word: whole
Hypernyms: word: preserved
Derived terms: intact dilation and evacuation
intact dilation and extraction
intactivism
intactly
intactness
nonintact
Related terms: word: entire
intake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnteɪk/
ipa: /ˈɪntæɪk/
Forms: form: intakes
Etymology: From English dialectal (Northern England/Scotland), deverbal of take in, equivalent to in- + take. More at in-, take.
Senses: glosses: The place where water, air or other fluid is taken into a pipe or conduit; opposed to outlet.
glosses: The beginning of a contraction or narrowing in a tube or cylinder.
examples: text: the intake of air
text: In 2010 almost 120,000 people died prematurely and 108 million life years were lost—because of inadequate vitamin A intake.
ref: 2016, Jayson Lusk, Unnaturally Delicious, →ISBN, page 74:
glosses: The quantity taken in.
examples: text: an intake of oxygen or food
text: The company wasn't allowed to make him 'forcibly participate in seminars and end-of-week drinks frequently ending up in excessive alcohol intake, encouraged by associates who made very large quantities of alcohol available', the court said.
ref: 2022 November 24, T. Brown, “Frenchman wins the 'legal right to be boring at work'”, in Daily Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, retrieved 27 Nov 2022:
glosses: An act or instance of taking in.
glosses: A nostril, especially a large one.
examples: text: the new intake of students
glosses: The people taken into an organization or establishment at a particular time.
glosses: The process of screening a juvenile offender to decide upon release or referral.
glosses: A tract of land enclosed.
glosses: Any kind of cheat or imposition; the act of taking someone in.
Derived terms: adequate intake
air intake
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
intake silencer
intake valve
intake
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnteɪk/
ipa: /ˈɪntæɪk/
Forms: form: intakes
form: intaking
form: intook
form: intaken
Etymology: From English dialectal (Northern England/Scotland), deverbal of take in, equivalent to in- + take. More at in-, take.
Senses: examples: text: Well, I "intook" the general situation west of the Mississippi because I did not get much of a chance to see things east of the Mississippi.
ref: 1937, Franklin D. Roosevelt, press conference:
text: The particle concentration in the ascending hot current of the combustion product have^([sic]) been measured by intaking the current into the counter close to the sample plate in the furnace.
ref: 1968, Margaret A. Sherald, NBS Special Publication, number 540, page 671:
text: I deduced that if I am intaking the same amount of calories that I always did during Induction, but I am causing my metabolic rate to slow down, it makes sense that the same amount of calories taken in will not burn off as fast as they once did […]
ref: 2010, John Tyler, Diary of A Dieter, page 258:
glosses: To take in or draw in; to bring in from outside.
Derived terms: intaker
intake manifold
intake system
integration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌɪn.təˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌɪn.təˈɡɹæɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: integrations
Etymology: From French intégration, from Latin integratio. Morphologically integrate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: One has, in fact, the old choice of regarding the higher integrations as queer offthrows of an infinitely improbable lower-order accident, or as the explanatory foundation of all that leads up to them.
ref: 2004, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arnold V. Miller, Hegel's Philosophy of Nature:
glosses: The act or process of making whole or entire.
glosses: The process of combining with compatible elements in order to incorporate them.
examples: text: integration into the city
qualifier: society
glosses: The process of fitting into a community, notably applied to minorities.
qualifier: society
glosses: The process of fitting into a community, notably applied to minorities.
Ellipsis of racial integration.
examples: text: The integration and differentiation of vital function on the one hand, and the preparation and composition of food-material on the other hand form — as we will become fully aware further on — the two great divisions in the subject-matter of the science of organization, divisions corresponding to the fundamental biplicity of all advanced organization, its animal and its vegetative life.
ref: 1878, Edmund Montgomery, “Monera, and the problem of life”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume XIII, page 680:
topics: calculus
mathematics
sciences
glosses: The operation of finding the integral of a function.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: In evolution, the process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent; supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in species' development.
Hyponyms: backward integration
continuous integration
enterprise application integration
forward integration
horizontal integration
indefinite integration
racial integration
time integration
vertical integration
Derived terms: air integration
auditory integration training
autointegration
biointegration
cointegration
constant of integration
data integration
integral calculus
integrational
integration by parts
integration clause
integration engineer
integrationism
integrationist
integration testing
integration time
large scale integration
malintegration
medium scale integration
misintegration
numerical integration
osseointegration
perintegration
postintegration
preintegration
reintegration
reverse integration
time delay and integration clock
ultra large scale integration
Verlet integration
very-large-scale integration
very large scale integration
wafer-scale integration
Related terms: integer
integrable
integral
integrand
integrate
integrator
intellectual
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/
ipa: /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃwəl/
ipa: /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃəl/
Forms: form: more intellectual
form: most intellectual
form: intellectuall
Etymology: From Old French intellectuel, from Latin intellectualis.
Senses: examples: text: intellectual powers, activities, etc.
text: 1920, Harold Monro, Preface to The year's at the spring; an anthology of recent poetry
Pleasure is various, but it cannot exist where the emotions or the imagination have not been powerfully stirred. Whether it be called sensual or intellectual, pleasure cannot be willed
glosses: Pertaining to, or performed by, the intellect; mental or cognitive.
examples: text: an intellectual person
text: The Fenimore Cooper Indian is no doubt a brave and highly intellectual person, educated abroad, refined and cultivated by foreign travel, graceful in the grub dance or scalp walk-around, yet tender-hearted as a girl, walking by night fifty-seven miles in a single evening to warn his white friends of danger.
ref: 1894, Edgar Wilson Nye, “Chapter 30”, in Nye's History of the USA:
glosses: Endowed with intellect; having a keen sense of understanding; having the capacity for higher forms of knowledge or thought; characterized by intelligence or cleverness
examples: text: intellectual employments
text: A good deal of nonsense is written about sport and entertainment. Many of us can, with pleasant ease, suspend a severely intellectual task for a few hours to witness a first-class football match.
ref: 1916, Joseph McCabe, “Chapter IX”, in The Tyranny of Shams:
glosses: Suitable for exercising one's intellect; perceived by the intellect
examples: text: intellectual philosophy, sometimes called "mental" philosophy
glosses: Relating to the understanding; treating of the mind.
examples: text: I deem not profitless those fleeting moods / Of shadowy exultation; not for this, / That they are kindred to our purer mind / And intellectual life […]
ref: 1805, William Wordsworth, The Prelude, Book II, lines 331-334 (eds. Jonathan Wordsworth, M. H. Abrams, & Stephen Gill, published by W. W. Norton & Company, 1979)
glosses: Spiritual.
Synonyms: word: cerebral
word: intellectual
word: logical
word: mental
word: rational
Hyponyms: word: mnestic
Derived terms: alpha-thalassemia-intellectual disability syndrome
antiintellectual
anti-intellectual
hyperintellectual
intellectual capital
intellectual dark web
intellectual developmental disorder
intellectual disability
intellectual freedom
intellectual honesty
intellectualisation
intellectualish
intellectualism
intellectualist
intellectualistic
intellectuality
intellectualization
intellectual journey
intellectually
intellectual masturbation
intellectualness
intellectualoid
intellectual property
intellectual prostitute
intellectual rights
neurointellectual
organic intellectual
overintellectual
preintellectual
pseudo-intellectual
pseudointellectual
subintellectual
superintellectual
ultraintellectual
unintellectual
Related terms: word: intellect
word: intellectualize
word: intelligence
word: intelligent
word: overintellectualize
word: bodily
word: brain
word: faculty
word: learned
intellectual
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/
ipa: /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃwəl/
ipa: /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃəl/
Forms: form: intellectuals
form: intellectuall
Etymology: From Old French intellectuel, from Latin intellectualis.
Senses: examples: text: It should be noted that there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense "Left". Perhaps the last right-wing intellectual was T. E. Lawrence. Since about 1930 everyone describable as an “intellectual” has lived in a state of chronic discontent with the existing order.
ref: 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:
text: ‘You know I hate intellectuals.’
‘You mean you hate people who are cleverer than you are.’
‘Yes. I suppose that’s why I like you so much, Tom.’
ref: 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section I, page 14:
synonyms: highbrow
academic
scholar
coordinate_terms: egghead
nerd
geek
glosses: An intelligent, learned person, especially one who discourses about learned matters.
examples: text: […] although their intellectuals had not failed in the theory of truth, yet did the inservient and brutall faculties control the suggestion of reason […]
ref: 1646, Thomas Browne, chapter 1, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 1st book, page 2:
glosses: The intellect or understanding; mental powers or faculties.
Derived terms: public intellectual
Related terms: clerisy
intelligentsia
intermediation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: intermediations
Etymology: From intermediate (verb) + -ion.
Senses: glosses: An act of coming between; an intervention.
glosses: Intervention; interposition.
Derived terms: disintermediation
reintermediation
intermixture
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: intermixtures
Etymology: From inter- + mixture.
Senses: glosses: A mass formed by mixture; a mass of ingredients mixed.
glosses: Admixture; an additional ingredient.
introspection
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪntɹəˈspɛkʃən/
rhymes: -ɛkʃən
Forms: form: introspections
Etymology: From Latin intrōspectiō, noun of action (with -iō) from past-participle (intrōspectus) stem of intrōspiciō (“to look into, look at, examine, observe attentively”), from intro- (“inward”) + speciō, spiciō (“to look at”). By surface analysis, introspect + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: If Adam Wheeler gave it some thought, or if someone were to prompt him with the right questions, he could put words around the fact that his existence doesn't bring him any satisfaction. He would discover, on introspection, that he's nowhere close, actually, to "happy", and that there is something vast and significant missing from his life. But he doesn't give it any thought. There's a void between him and those questions.
ref: 2019 April 10, qntm, “CASE HATE RED”, in There Is No Antimemetics Division, →ISBN, page 133:
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
synonyms: self-consciousness
reflection
antonyms: extraspection
glosses: A looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states.
qualifier: object-oriented programming
glosses: Clipping of type introspection.
Synonyms: inlook
Derived terms: introspectional
introspection illusion
introspectionism
introspectionist
Related terms: extraspection
extrospection
introspect
introspectability
introspective
type introspection
soul-searching
self report
intensification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: intensifications
Etymology: From intense + -ification.
Senses: examples: text: With the intensification of air raids on London last September, these tube platforms began to be used as an air raid shelter, and shelterers travelled by train (specially stopped there) from other stations in order to gain access.
ref: 1941 July, “Notes and News: New Tube Station at Highgate”, in Railway Magazine, page 329:
text: [...] moreover, the layout fortunately allows for the likely intensification of the suburban service.
ref: 1962 August, “Beyond the Channel: France: Paris Est renaissance”, in Modern Railways, pages 134–135:
glosses: The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.
Derived terms: deintensification
latensification
overintensification
Related terms: intensify
interact
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
ipa: /ˌɪn.tɚˈækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: interacts
form: interacting
form: interacted
form: interacted
Etymology: From inter- + act.
Senses: examples: text: The way staff interact with each other during breaks can play an important role in the workplace.
glosses: To act upon each other.
To engage in communication and other shared activities (with someone).
raw_tags: of people
examples: text: This medication can interact with alcohol, so it's best to avoid drinking while you're taking it.
text: The fortunes of the master and the servant, intimately interacting, rose together. The Baron’s secret skill had given Leopold his unexceptionable kingdom; and Leopold, in his turn, as time went on, was able to furnish the Baron with more and more keys to more and more back doors.
ref: 1921, Lytton Strachey, chapter 3, in Queen Victoria,, London: Collins, published 1958, page 69:
text: It is now known that many pairs of organic phosphate insecticides are highly dangerous, the toxicity being stepped up or “potentiated” through the combined action. […] Residues well within the legally permissible limits may interact.
ref: 1962, Rachel Carson, chapter 3, in Silent Spring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pages 31–32:
glosses: To act upon each other.
To affect each other.
raw_tags: of two or more things
Derived terms: interactability
interactment
interact with
misinteract
interact
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
ipa: /ˌɪn.tɚˈækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: interacts
Etymology: From inter- + act.
Senses: examples: text: 1912, William Archer, London: Chapman & Hall, Chapter 8, pp. 108-109,
[…] the flight of time is best indicated by an interact. When the curtain is down, the action on the stage remains, as it were, in suspense. The audience lets its attention revert to the affairs of real life; and it is quite willing, when the mimic world is once more revealed, to suppose that any reasonable space of time has elapsed […]
text: The play gives detailed descriptions of the instruments used in the interact music […]
ref: 1980, Mary Chan, Music in the Theatre of Ben Jonson, Oxford: Clarendon, Part 1, Chapter 1, p. 15:
synonyms: interlude
entracte
intermission
glosses: A short act or piece between others, as in a play; a break between acts.
examples: 1750, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, Letters Written […] to His Son, London: P. Dodsley, 10th edition, 1792, Volume 2, Letter 219, p. 344,
Play, in good company, is only play, and not gaming; not deep, and consequently not dangerous nor dishonourable. It is only the inter-acts of other amusements.
glosses: Intermediate employment or time.
examples: text: Inasmuch as it is impossible to analyze the contents of an entire interpersonal relationship, it is helpful to conceptualize a given communication event as consisting of a series of subevents. Any one subevent may be pulled out as a basic unit for analysis in the study of interpersonal communication; this basic unit may then be called an interact. […] each interact is a distinctive attempt to conceal, repeat, or disclose information and/or to influence the relationship.
ref: 1975, Ralph Webb, Jr., chapter 1, in Interpersonal Speech Communication: Principles and Practices, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pages 23–24:
text: As they listened to groups communicate, Fisher and his coworkers noted what each group member said (labeled a speech act) and how the next person responded. This pairing of speech acts is called an interact.
ref: 1991, Michael Z. Hackman, Craig E. Johnson, chapter 6, in Leadership: A Communication Perspective, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, page 123:
topics: human-sciences
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
glosses: A pair or series of acts involving more than one person.
Related terms: interactable
interactant
interactee
interaction
interactive
interactome
interactor
internment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈtɝnmənt/
ipa: /ɪnˈtɜːnmənt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nmənt
Forms: form: internments
Etymology: From intern + -ment.
Senses: examples: text: Policies that favor criminalization and internment are promoted over support for social transformation and equity.
ref: 1996 September, Randall Halle, “The Seduction of Nazism”, in Gay Community News, page 24:
text: Nevertheless, the economic and emotional effects of the internment were severe, and the United States Government has yet to make good on its promises of reparations.
ref: 1989 October 15, Vivien Raynor, “Interned Artists, Devoid of Grievance”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: The state of being imprisoned, usually without trial.
Derived terms: internment camp
Related terms: interment
interpellation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: interpellations
Etymology: From Middle French interpellation, from Latin interpellātiō; equivalent to interpellate + -ion or interpel + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: While the petition was circulating, a Progressive deputy asked the Minister of the Interior what the Prussian government intended to do about it. The interpellation was intended to elicit a condemnation, but the minister’s pro forma reply that the government did not intend to abrogate Jewish rights was seen by the petitioners as an encouraging sign.
ref: 1975, Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews 1933-1945:
topics: government
politics
glosses: The act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The act of interpellating: the act of identification.
glosses: The act of interpelling: interruption.
interpenetration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: interpenetrations
Etymology: From inter- + penetration.
Senses: glosses: The act of penetrating between or within other substances; mutual penetration.
glosses: The situation of two or more bodies overlapping in three-dimensional space, with part of the bodies lying within each other.
Related terms: self-intersection
interposition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: interpositions
Etymology: From Middle English interposicion, from Old French interposicion, from Latin interpositio.
Senses: examples: text: […] a Scuffle immediately ensued, which might have produced Mischief, had it not been prevented by the Interposition of Thwackum and the Physician […]
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, chapter 9, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume I, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book V, page 252:
text: “True, true,” cried Mr. Knightley, with most ready interposition—“very true […]”
ref: 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 12, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:
text: As he spoke, he tried to catch the remnant of the paper, but was too late—Lady Anne's eye had been more accurate than to admit such an interposition;...
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 72:
glosses: The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.
glosses: The thing interposed.
Derived terms: noninterposition
Related terms: interpose
interposal
interposer
interpositional
intercommunication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪntəkəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: intercommunications
form: entercommunication
Etymology: From inter- + communication.
Senses: examples: text: Even in beasts, that have no voice at all, by the reciprocall kindnesse, which we see in them, we easily inferre there is some other meane of entercommunication: their jestures treat, and their motions discourse.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
text: Starting in their different musical worlds, they attempted endless ways of achieving a partnership, at last finding some kind of "intercommunication".
ref: 2003 January 13, Tom Service, The Guardian:
glosses: Mutual communication.
interrelation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪn.tɚ.ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌɪn.tɚ.ɹəˈleɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: interrelations
Etymology: From inter- + relation.
Senses: synonyms: correlation
interrelationship
glosses: mutual or reciprocal relation.
Derived terms: interrelational
intimidate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/
Forms: form: intimidates
form: intimidating
form: intimidated
form: intimidated
Etymology: From Medieval Latin intimidātus, perfect passive participle of Latin intimidō (“to intimidate, terrify”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + timidus (“afraid, timid”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); see timid.
Senses: examples: text: He's trying to intimidate you. If you ignore him, hopefully he'll stop.
text: His father tried to intimidate his son into staying, threatening him with banishment and a possible beating.
ref: 2018, Nnedi Okorafor, Who Fears Death, HarperVoyager, page 168:
synonyms: abash
glosses: To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence.
Synonyms: word: buffalo
word: bulldoze
word: bully
word: browbeat
word: cow
word: dastardize
word: daunt
word: dishearten
word: do down
word: domineer
word: drive
word: hector
word: intimidate
word: menace
word: strong-arm
Hypernyms: word: frighten
word: deter
word: threaten
Hyponyms: word: outpsych
word: psyche
Derived terms: unintimidate
Related terms: word: intimidatingly
word: intimidation
word: intimidator
word: intimidatory
word: timid
word: pick on
word: ride roughshod over
word: abash
interrogation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˌteɹ.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: interrogations
Etymology: From Middle English interrogacion, from Old French interrogacion, from Latin interrogātiō, from interrogō, from inter- (“between; among”) + rogō (“ask; request”). Equivalent to inter- + rogation or interrogate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: There is no interrogation in his eyes / Or in the hands, quiet over the horse's neck, / And the eyes watchful, waiting, perceiving, indifferent.
ref: 1936 April, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “[Unfinished Poems.] Coriolan. I. Triumphal March.”, in Collected Poems 1909–1935, London: Faber & Faber […], published September 1954, →OCLC, page 136:
glosses: The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry.
glosses: A question put; an inquiry.
glosses: A question mark.
Derived terms: counterinterrogation
cross-interrogation
enhanced interrogation
enhanced interrogation technique
interrogational
interrogation mark
interrogation-point
interrogation point
mark of interrogation
note of interrogation
overinterrogation
reinterrogation
Related terms: interrogate
interrogative
interrogator
interrogatory
rogation
subrogation
intimidation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: intimidations
Etymology: From intimidate + -ion. Compare French intimidation; perhaps modeled on it.
Senses: examples: text: It broadly includes all the people with specific recognition for none, and the highest consecration we can make today is a committal of the Republican party to that saving constitutionalism which contemplates all America as one people and holds just government free from influence on the one hand, and unmoved by intimidation on the other.
ref: 1920, Warren G. Harding, Liberty Under the Law:
glosses: The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated.
Derived terms: gymtimidation
self-intimidation
Related terms: intimidate
intimidating
intimidatingly
intoleration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Etymology: From in- + toleration.
Senses: glosses: Intolerance.
intonation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: intonations
Etymology: From French intonation, from Medieval Latin intonatio, from intonō + -tiō.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
examples: text: She well knew the power of intonation, and thought that, in the absence of the curled lip, the contemptuous twitch of the nose, and the supercilious toss of the head, her message might be acceptable for Louisa's sake,...
ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 210:
glosses: Emotive stress used to increase the power of delivery in speech.
examples: text: This additional cause of the intonation of thunder, together with the simile with which it is illustrated, is copied from our poet, both by Pliny, Nat. Hist. ii, 431, and Isidorus, Orig. xiii.
ref: 1805, Titus Lucretius Carus, The nature of things: a didactic poem:
text: As when sulphureous fires, within the caves
Of earth long pent, with intonation loud
Burst through the riven rocks, and far as eye
Can reach their furious devastation spread,
So sudden, so resistless was the force
Of this blasphemer's bold appeal to arms.
ref: 1808, Richard Cumberland, The Exodiad: A Poem, page 375:
text: In anxious expectation stood the crowd,
When the shrill clarion's intonation loud
Gave notice that the challenger drew nigh.
ref: 1824, Sir James Bland Burges afterwards Lamb, The Dragon Knight: A Poem in Twelve Cantos, page 77:
text: but Sir Hugh still exclaimed, —"Louder, old man, far louder!" till at last the minstrel, in obedience to his best and dearest friend, struck the harp with such violence, that not only did the strings break, but even the instrument itself burst asunder with a long melancholy intonation.
ref: 1825, Friedrich Heinrich Karl Freiherr de La Motte-Fouqué, The Magic Ring; a Romance, from the German, Etc, page 287:
glosses: A sound made by, or resembling that made by, a musical instrument.
examples: text: Her intonation was false.
glosses: Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise.
glosses: Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest.
Derived terms: intonation unit
just intonation
Related terms: intonable
intonate
intonational
intonationally
intonator
intone
intoner
intoxication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪntɑksɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /ɪntɒksɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: intoxications
Senses: examples: text: He suffered acute intoxication from the combined effects of several drugs.
glosses: A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance.
synonyms: inebriation
ebriety
drunkenness
glosses: The state of being intoxicated or drunk.
glosses: The act of intoxicating or making drunk.
examples: text: Excitement leads to enthusiasm, that moral intoxication, whose effects seem incredible to the sober, while the influence which produces the extravagance appears more extraordinary than the act itself.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter III, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 35:
glosses: A high excitement of mind; an elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness.
Derived terms: alcohol intoxication
auto-intoxication
autointoxication
infoxication
lipointoxication
monointoxication
postintoxication
public intoxication
reintoxication
water intoxication
intubation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: intubations
form: entubation
Etymology: Probably coined in 1880–1884 by Joseph O'Dwyer, M.D.; in widespread publication in 1887.
Senses: examples: text: Intubation, it is now claimed, offers these advantages. Since the revival of this procedure by Dr. O'Dwyer a little more than a year ago, it has been tested in many cases
ref: 1886 July 3, Dulaskie Miller, “On the Treatment of Diphtheria”, in Journal of the American Medical Association:
text: Before proceeding to demonstrate the method of practising intubation of the larynx on this little cadaver, I will pass around for your inspection a few of the principal varieties of tubes devised to overcome obstruction in the larynx in croup and other forms of stenosis. They will serve to show the different stages of development through which this operation has passed from its inception in January 1880 to the present time.
ref: 1887, J. O'Dwyer, “Intubation Of The Larynx, With Demonstration On A Cadaver”, in Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of New York, page 323:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in cases of croup.
Derived terms: intubationist
postintubation
preintubation
reintubation
Related terms: intubate
tubage
invagination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: invaginations
Etymology: From invaginate + -ion.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The process where an anatomical part invaginates upon itself or into another structure.
glosses: One of the methods by which the various germinal layers of the ovum are differentiated.
Derived terms: disinvagination
invader
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/
rhymes: -eɪdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: invaders
Etymology: From invade + -er.
Senses: examples: text: He remarks on the growth of the pretensions of the invaders since the treaty between Alfred and Guthrum which put the Northern warriors only on the same level as the twelf[-]hyndmen, or ordinary thegns.
ref: 1906, Thomas Hodgkin, The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., […]; New York; Bombay, page 436:
text: The underroot tendril! We are at fault for giving the invader a path to Lady Brianna.
ref: 2024, Fred Perry, Gold Digger Omnibus #10:
synonyms: assailant
encroacher
glosses: One who invades a region.
glosses: An intruder (especially on someone's privacy).
Derived terms: bioinvader
cyberinvader
home invader
pitch invader
space invader
invective
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/
rhymes: -ɪv
rhymes: -ɛktɪv
Forms: form: invectives
Etymology: From Middle French invective, from Medieval Latin invectiva (“abusive speech”), from Latin invectīvus, from invectus, perfect passive participle of invehō (“bring in”), from in- + vehō (“carry”). See vehicle, and compare with inveigh.
Senses: glosses: An expression which inveighs or rails against a person.
glosses: A severe or violent censure or reproach.
examples: text: And wordy attacks against slavery drew sneers from observers which were not altogether undeserved. The authors were compared to doctors who offered to a patient nothing more than invectives against the disease which consumed him.
ref: 1963, C.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins, 2nd Revised edition, page 24:
text: [A] savage passage of 14th-century invective about the text-obsessed nerdiness of the Florentine bibliophile and friend of Petrarch, Niccolò Niccoli ...
ref: 2013 September 14, Jane Shilling, “The Golden Thread: the Story of Writing, by Ewan Clayton, review [print edition: Illuminating language]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), page R28:
glosses: Something spoken or written, intended to cast shame, disgrace, censure, or reproach on another.
examples: text: Politics can raise invective to a low art.
glosses: A harsh or reproachful accusation.
Derived terms: counterinvective
invectivist
invective
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/
rhymes: -ɪv
rhymes: -ɛktɪv
Forms: form: more invective
form: most invective
Etymology: From Middle French invective, from Medieval Latin invectiva (“abusive speech”), from Latin invectīvus, from invectus, perfect passive participle of invehō (“bring in”), from in- + vehō (“carry”). See vehicle, and compare with inveigh.
Senses: examples: text: Tom's speeches became diatribes — each more invective than the last.
glosses: Characterized by invection or railing.
Synonyms: sense: characterized by invection or railing
word: abusive
sense: characterized by invection or railing
word: critical
sense: characterized by invection or railing
word: denunciatory
sense: characterized by invection or railing
word: satirical
sense: characterized by invection or railing
word: vitriolic
sense: characterized by invection or railing
word: vituperative
Derived terms: invectively
invectiveness
investigation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɪnˌvɛs.təˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: investigations
Etymology: From Middle English investigacioun, from Old French investigacion, from Latin investigatio. Morphologically investigate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: The investigation into the crime has led to various leads as well as plenty of dead ends.
text: Despite thorough investigation, the perpetrator of the attacks remains unknown.
text: carry out an investigation
text: the matter is awaiting investigation
text: The case is still under investigation.
text: "Ag-gag laws criminalize undercover investigations by prohibiting one or more of three types of behavior: trespass, recording of videos, and failure to submit a video to law enforcement."
ref: 2015, Gregg Barak, editor, The Routledge International Handbook of the Crimes of the Powerful:
text: The White House counsel, Donald F. McGahn II, has cooperated extensively in the special counsel investigation, sharing detailed accounts about the episodes at the heart of the inquiry into whether President Trump obstructed justice, […]
ref: 2018 August 18, Michael S. Schmidt and Maggie Haberman, “White House Counsel, Don McGahn, Has Cooperated Extensively in Mueller Inquiry”, in The New York Times:
glosses: The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination
Derived terms: background investigation
coinvestigation
counterinvestigation
cyberinvestigation
field investigation
investigational
joint investigation team
patient under investigation
preinvestigation
re-investigation
reinvestigation
transvestigation
Related terms: investigate
sleuthing
invigoration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: invigorations
Senses: examples: text: Utnapishtim hears his wife's plea and tells Gilgamesh where he can find a miraculous plant of invigoration and rejuvenation.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 204:
glosses: The act of invigorating or the state of being invigorated.
Derived terms: reinvigoration
invitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: invitations
Etymology: From Middle English invitacioun, ynvytacioun, from Latin invītātio, reinforced by Middle French invitation. Displaced native Middle English lathinge from Old English laþung (see dialectal English lathing).
Senses: examples: text: an invitation to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a friend
text: At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy ; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends, turning technicality into pabulum.
ref: 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
glosses: The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company.
examples: text: We need to print off fifty invitations for the party.
glosses: A document or verbal message conveying an invitation.
glosses: Allurement; enticement.
topics: fencing
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
glosses: A line that is intentionally left open to encourage the opponent to attack.
topics: Christianity
glosses: The brief exhortation introducing the confession in the Anglican communion-office.
examples: text: I assume also that opener would have shown no interest in slam by either bidding 4NT or 50 after the slam invitation of 46.
ref: 2001, Matthew Granovetter, Pamela Granovetter, The Best of Bridge Today Digest, page 113:
text: To any other invitation made by the captain, acceptance or refusal of the invitation is exclusively a question of points within the range advertised in the opening statement, and the invitation is always in the last called suit.
ref: 2011, Gerard Cohen, Bridge Is a Conversation: Part I: the Auction, page 71:
topics: bridge
games
glosses: A bid that tells one's partner that game or slam is likely if their hand is at the strong end of what they have indicated.
Synonyms: sense: solicitation
word: invitement
sense: solicitation
word: lathing
Derived terms: at the invitation of
disinvitation
do you need an invitation
e-invitation
invitational
invitation envelope
open invitation
reinvitation
uninvitation
unvitation
invocation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪn.voʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: invocations
Etymology: From Middle English invocacioun, from Old French invocacion, from Latin invocatio, invocationem. Equivalent to invoke + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being, especially prayer offered to a divine being.
examples: text: the invocation of papers or evidence into court
topics: law
glosses: A call or summons, especially a judicial call, demand, or order.
examples: text: McNeil (D) contended that his courtroom appearance with an attorney for the West Allis crime constituted an invocation of his Miranda right to counsel and that his subsequent waiver during police-initiated questioning regarding the Caledonia crime was invalid.
ref: 2007, Criminal Procedure, →ISBN:
text: As a matter of legal principle, the State should report whether all the necessary conditions for the invocation of the right of self-defense were existent.
ref: 2008, Jan Kittrich, The Right of Individual Self-Defense in Public International Law, →ISBN:
text: This chapter might have been titled “The First 'First Civil Right'”: before Richard Nixon's 1968 invocation of the right to protection from (black) crime, Truman Democrats advocated protection from (white) lawlessness as the first essential right.
ref: 2014, Naomi Murakawa, The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America, →ISBN:
topics: law
glosses: An act of invoking or claiming a legal right.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: The act of invoking, such as a function call.
Derived terms: invocational
misinvocation
reinvocation
remote method invocation
Related terms: evocation
invoke
irrigation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: irrigations
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French irrigation, from Latin irrigatio.
Senses: examples: text: “My father had ideas about conservation long before the United States took it up.[…]You preserve water in times of flood and freshet to be used for power or for irrigation throughout the year. …”
ref: 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:
glosses: The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.
Derived terms: bioirrigation
chemigation
fertigation
interirrigation
irrigational
irrigationist
micro-irrigation
nasal irrigation
nonirrigation
overirrigation
preirrigation
proirrigation
reirrigation
subirrigation
underirrigation
irritation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪɹɪˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: irritations
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French irritation, from Latin irrītātiō, from irrītāre (“to excite”).
Senses: examples: text: What irritation causes you to be so moody?
glosses: The act of irritating or annoying.
examples: text: It has already been established that the crew was competent and qualified for operation of AS66. With the exception of some overtones of irritation about the manner in which another aircraft, N799Y, affected the flight's progress into the Juneau area, the recorded cockpit conversation, in general, reflects a relaxed but businesslike atmosphere.
ref: 1972 October 13, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.1 Analysis”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Alaska Airlines, Inc., Boeing 727, N2969G, Near Juneau, Alaska, September 4, 1971, archived from the original on 31 Aug 2024, page 31:
text: Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers and short above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals.
ref: 2012 March-April, Anna Lena Phillips, “Sneaky Silk Moths”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 19 Feb 2013, page 172:
glosses: The state of being irritated.
synonyms: pain in the neck
glosses: A thing or person that annoys.
topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: A state of inflammation or of painful reaction to cell or tissue damage.
examples: text: Hip pain is a common complaint in children and may indicate a very mild irritation in the hip joint or may be the symptom of a very severe abnormality
ref: 1975, Richard I. Feinbloom, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Child Health Encyclopedia: The Complete Guide for Parents:
glosses: A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.
Derived terms: abirritation
counterirritation
irritant
irritational
irritative
photoirritation
Related terms: irritable
irritate
isthmian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more isthmian
form: most isthmian
Etymology: From isthmus + -ian.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece.
Derived terms: transisthmian
isthmian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: isthmians
Etymology: From isthmus + -ian.
Senses: glosses: A native or inhabitant of an isthmus.
iteration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪ.təˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: [ɪ.təˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩]
ipa: /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: [ˌɪɾ.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən]
ipa: /ɪ.təˈɹæɪ.ʃən/
ipa: [ɪ.ɾəˈɹæɪ.ʃən]
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: iterations
Etymology: From Latin iterātiō, from iterō. Morphologically iterate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: A recital or a second performance; a repetition.
examples: text: The architect drafted several iterations of the floorplan before deciding on his final design.
text: Still going strong in his ninth decade, Wein celebrates his 88th birthday behind the piano accompanied by the latest iteration of his band, the Newport All-Stars, featuring tenor saxophonist […]
ref: 2014, “Jazz at Lincoln Center”, in Radio New Zealand Schedule for Saturday 6th December:
text: If proximity is built into the very concept of ecology, not to mention iterations of environmentalism such as the local food movement, then a distancing mode like irony seems utterly unecological and unenvironmentalist.
ref: 2018, Nicole Seymour, Bad Environmentalism, page 12:
text: Three or four complete iterations of various options are needed to gain cross-industry agreement.
ref: 2020 October 7, Gordon Dudman, “Railway timetabling is a challenge even at the best of times”, in Rail, page 48:
glosses: A variation or version.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The use of repetition in a computer program, especially in the form of a loop.
examples: text: The code calculates the appropriate value at each iteration.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A single repetition of the code within such a repetitive process.
Synonyms: sense: repetition
word: reiteration
word: repeat
word: reoccurrence
Hyponyms: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: polymorphic iteration
Derived terms: hexation
iteration mark
pentation
subiteration
tetration