presume
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹɪˈzjuːm/
ipa: /pɹiˈz(j)um/
ipa: /pɹəˈz(j)um/
ipa: /pɹɪˈzjʉːm/
ipa: /pɹɪˈʒʉːm/
ipa: /pɹɘˈzjʉːm/
ipa: /pɹɘˈʒʉːm/
rhymes: -uːm
Forms: form: presumes
form: presuming
form: presumed
form: presumed
form: præsume
Etymology: From Middle English presumen, from Anglo-Norman presumer and its source, Latin praesūmere (“to take beforehand, anticipate”), from prae- + sūmere (“to take”).
Senses: examples: text: I don't want to pretend to be an authority on this line of business, so I would never presume to tell you how to run your own company.
text: There were no women at the birth of the International Gay Association in Coventry, England in 1978. The men there decided they would like lesbians to join; they would not presume to formulate aims for them but would adjust the organization if and when women joined it.
ref: 1982 August 21, Sylvia Barren, “Women and the IGA: A History of Struggle”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 6, page 3:
info_templates: extra_data: words: to
(+
infinitive)
expansion: [with to (+ infinitive)]
glosses: To be so presumptuous as (to do something) without proper authority or permission [with to (+ infinitive)].
examples: text: Don't make the decision yourself and presume too much.
glosses: To perform, do (something) without authority; to lay claim to without permission.
examples: text: Paw-prints in the snow allow us to presume a visit from next door's cat.
text: Dr. Livingstone, I presume?
glosses: To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose.
examples: text: If we presume that human cloning may one day become a mundane, everyday reality, then maybe it's time to start thinking more positively about our soon-to-arrive genetically engineered pseudo-siblings.
ref: 2011 February 5, John Patterson, The Guardian:
glosses: To take as a premise; to assume for the sake of argument.
examples: text: Thanks, but I can't accept the money; I would not want to presume on the generosity of a stranger.
text: Presume not on thy heart when mine is slain;
Thou gavest me thine, not to give back again.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 22”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
text: Emma was not required, by any subsequent discovery, to retract her ill opinion of Mrs. Elton. Her observation had been pretty correct. Such as Mrs. Elton appeared to her on this second interview, such she appeared whenever they met again,—self-important, presuming, familiar, ignorant, and ill-bred.
ref: 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 15:
text: Piliso then vented his anger on us, accusing us of lying to him. He said we had presumed on his hospitality and the good name of the regent.
ref: 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 75:
info_templates: extra_data: words: on
upon
expansion: [with on or upon]
glosses: To impose (on) for one's advantage; to be presumptuous; to take advantage (of); to take liberties (with) [with on or upon].
Synonyms: sense: to assume to be true
word: suppose
Related terms: presumption
presumptive
presumptuous