cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Port Elizabeth
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: In South Africa, named by Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin after his late wife, Elizabeth.
Senses: examples: text: Growing up in the township of Zwide, just outside Port Elizabeth, bed for Kolisi was a pile of cushions on the living-room floor and finding enough to eat was a daily struggle.
ref: 2020 April 28, Christina Macfarlane, “‘There is nothing worse than hunger,’ says South Africa hero Siya Kolisi of helping townships during lockdown”, in CNN:
glosses: A city and port in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa, officially now named Gqeberha.
glosses: A town on Bequia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
glosses: A census-designated place in Maurice River Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States.
glosses: A port or bay on Gilford Island, British Columbia, Canada.
glosses: A resettled community in Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Oran
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Ultimately Borrowed from Arabic وَهْرَان (wahrān), from a Berber term meaning "lion".
Senses: glosses: A city, port, and province of Algeria.
Derived terms: Oranian
Oran
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Anglicized from Old Irish saints' name Odrán, diminutive of odur (“dun, sallow”) (compare Irish Odhrán).
Senses: glosses: A male given name from Irish.
Hamburg
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhæmbɝɡ/
ipa: /ˈhæmbɜːɡ/
Etymology: From German Hamburg.
Senses: glosses: The second largest city in, and a state of, Germany.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A city, the county seat of Ashley County, Arkansas.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A community in the town of Lyme, New London County, Connecticut.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A village in Calhoun County, Illinois.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
An unincorporated community in Clark County, Indiana.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
An unincorporated community in Franklin County, Indiana.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A small city in Fremont County, Iowa.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
An unincorporated community in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A small city in Carver County, Minnesota.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A ghost town in St. Charles County, Missouri.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A borough of Sussex County, New Jersey.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A large town in Erie County, New York.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
An unincorporated community in Fairfield County, Ohio.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
An unincorporated community in Preble County, Ohio.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A borough of Berks County, Pennsylvania.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A ghost town in Aiken County, South Carolina.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A small town and unincorporated community in Marathon County, Wisconsin.
glosses: Any of various communities in the United States; named for the German city:
A small town in Vernon County, Wisconsin.
glosses: A town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa; named for the German city.
glosses: Hamburger SV, a German football club.
Derived terms: black Hamburg grape
Hamburg edging
Hamburger
hamburger
burger
Hamburg lake
Hamburg
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhæmbɝɡ/
ipa: /ˈhæmbɜːɡ/
Forms: form: Hamburgs
form: Hamburgh
Etymology: From German Hamburg.
Senses: glosses: A Hamburg chicken.
glosses: A variety of black grape.
Hanoi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /hɑːˈnɔɪ/
ipa: /hæˈnɔɪ/
rhymes: -ɔɪ
Forms: form: Ha Noi
form: Hà Nội
Etymology: From Vietnamese Hà Nội, which is a Sino-Vietnamese word, 河內.
Senses: examples: text: If you have seventeen days and £168 to spare, can satisfy the Iron Curtain authorities of your bona fides and your taste runs to marathon rail travel, you can now board the "Night Ferry" at Victoria and ride across the whole of Europe and Asia to Hanoi, capital of North Viet-Nam, changing carriage only at Brussels, Berlin, Moscow and Pekin.
ref: 1959 December, “Talking of Trains: Five trains to Hanoi”, in Trains Illustrated, page 579:
text: YOUR SON WAS SERIOUSLY WOUNDED WHEN SHOT DOWN IN HANOI BUT HAS MADE FINE RECOVERY AND NOW, ACCORDING THIS GROUP, LOOKS "QUITE WELL." HE HAS BEEN EVERYTHING YOU WANT YOUR SON TO BE AND HAS STOOD UP MANFULLY AGAINST ALL EFFORTS TO PERSUADE HIM TO UTTER TRAITOROUS STATEMENTS.
ref: 1999, John McCain, Faith of My Fathers, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 285:
glosses: The capital city of Vietnam.
glosses: the Vietnamese government.
Synonyms: Tonkin
Derived terms: Hanoian
Hanoi Jane
Tower of Hanoi
Hanover
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhænəvə/
ipa: /ˈhænˌoʊvɚ/
Forms: form: Hannover
Etymology: From German Hannover, meaning "on the higher ridge", from Middle Low German hoch (“high”) (from Old Saxon hōh) + over (“edge, shore”).
Senses: glosses: British family that ruled from 1714 to 1901, more commonly known as the Georgian, Regency and Victorian periods.
glosses: The capital city of Lower Saxony, Germany.
glosses: The former Kingdom of Hanover, now part of Lower Saxony, Germany.
glosses: A parish in Jamaica.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A community in the town of Sprague, New London County, Connecticut.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township and village therein, in Jo Daviess County, Illinois.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township and town therein, in Jefferson County, Indiana.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Washington County, Kansas.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Oxford County, Maine.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Anne Arundel County and Howard County, Maryland.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township and village therein, in Jackson County, Michigan.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city in Wright County and Hennepin County, Minnesota.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town and census-designated place therein, in Grafton County, New Hampshire.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Morris County, New Jersey.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A census-designated place in Grant County, New Mexico.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Chautauqua County, New York.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Licking County, Ohio.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A borough in York County, Pennsylvania.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A census-designated place, the county seat of Hanover County, Virginia, United States, also known as Hanover Courthouse.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A census-designated place in the town of Plymouth, Rock County, Wisconsin.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A number of other townships in the United States, listed under Hanover Township.
glosses: A rural municipality in south-east Manitoba, Canada.
glosses: A town in Grey County, Ontario, Canada.
glosses: A neighbourhood of Brighton, Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England (OS grid ref TQ3105).
glosses: A small town in the Northern Cape province, South Africa.
Derived terms: Hanover County
Hanoverian
Hanover Parish
Hanover Park
New Hanover
New Hanover County
South Hanover
Frankfurt
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæŋkfə(ɹ)t/
homophone: Frankfort (sometimes)
Forms: form: Francfort
form: Frankfort
Etymology: Borrowed from German Frankfurt.
Senses: examples: text: Thomas was born in 1986, at a US military hospital in Frankfurt, Germany, to a mother born in Kenya and a US citizen father who eventually spent more than a decade in the military, where he repaired Army helicopters.
ref: 2025 July 8, Zoe Sottile, “He was born to a US citizen soldier on an army base in Germany. Now he’s been deported to Jamaica, a country he’d never been to”, in CNN, archived from the original on 10 Jul 2025:
glosses: The largest city in Hesse, in central Germany; in full, Frankfurt am Main.
examples: text: The poor third-quarter results from Frankfurt had the broadest impact because they spotlighted the vulnerability of the listed German universal banks to the financial crisis spreading from Asia.
ref: 1998, Franfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH Information Services, German Brief, volume 10:
glosses: The largest city in Hesse, in central Germany; in full, Frankfurt am Main.
The German financial industry.
examples: text: Despite this risk, little has happened in the six months since Frankfurt cut interest rates causing one to wonder how different Draghi is from his predecessor.
ref: 2014 May 9, Dan O'Brien, “Trichet like a broken record when what we need is fresh thinking”, in Irish Independent:
glosses: The largest city in Hesse, in central Germany; in full, Frankfurt am Main.
The European Central Bank.
glosses: A sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany; in full, Frankfurt an der Oder.
Derived terms: Frankfurt case
Frankfurt kitchen
frankfurter
frank
Frankfurt School
Munich
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmjuːnɪk/
rhymes: -uːnɪk
Forms: form: München
form: Münich
Etymology: Ultimately from German München or Münichen (the earliest attested form, common in the late Middle Ages), probably via French Munich, like many other city names (Cologne, etc). First attested in the early 1600s; compare the slightly earlier English form Miniken (whence minikin) which is attested prior to 1566 and derives directly from the German name.
Senses: glosses: The capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany.
Derived terms: Munichism
Munichist
Munichite
Related terms: Münchner
München
Bavaria
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /bəˈvɛəɹi.ə/
rhymes: -ɛəɹi.ə
Forms: form: Bavary
Etymology: From New Latin Bavaria, from Medieval Latin Baioarii (“Bavarians”), from Latin Boiuvarii (literally “Boii settlers”), a compound of a Gaulish word meaning “cattle owner” (from Proto-Celtic *bāus (“cow”)) + Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“settler”). Alternatively, Pokorny proposes that the first element is a word meaning “warrior”, derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, beat”). This name was adopted by the Marcomanni after defeating the Boii and settling Bohemia and parts of Bavaria.
Senses: glosses: A historic region, former duchy, former kingdom, and modern state of Germany; the modern state includes parts of historical Swabia and Franconia as well as historical Bavaria.
wikipedia: Julius Pokorny
Derived terms: Bavarian
Lower Bavaria
Upper Bavaria
antique white
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: antique whites
Senses: glosses: A creamy white colour.
antique white
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of a creamy white colour.
gone to the dogs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: past participle of go to the dogs
cola
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkəʊ.lə/
ipa: /ˈkoʊlə/
rhymes: -əʊlə
Forms: form: colas
form: kola
Etymology: From a Niger-Congo language, compare Temne kola, Mandinka kola. The beverage "Coca-Cola" was what made the term widely known, and popularized the spelling with c instead of k.
Senses: glosses: The kola plant, genus Cola, famous for its nut, or one of these nuts.
glosses: A beverage or a drink made with kola nut flavoring, caramel and carbonated water.
Derived terms: Americola
champagne cola
cola chicken
colaholic
noncola
piscola
cola
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkəʊ.lə/
ipa: /ˈkoʊlə/
rhymes: -əʊlə
Etymology: See colon.
Senses: examples: text: In this part, the author presents a prosodic hierarchy describing syllables, moras, feet, cola and a typology for words and stress.
ref: 2008, Alexandre Allauzen, Review of “Mathematical Linguistics” by Andras Kornai:
glosses: plural of colon
cola
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkəʊ.lə/
ipa: /ˈkoʊlə/
rhymes: -əʊlə
Forms: form: colas
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Spanish cola (“tail”), from Vulgar Latin coda, from Latin cauda, or from its diminutive caudula. Doublet of queue and coda.
Senses: glosses: A cluster of buds on a cannabis plant.
feta
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɛtə/
rhymes: -ɛtə
homophone: fetter (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: fetas
form: fetta
Etymology: From Greek φέτα (féta), from Italian fetta (“slice”).
Senses: glosses: A variety of curd cheese made from sheep’s or goat’s milk and originating from Greece.
Synonyms: feta cheese
fetta cheese
kefalotyri
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌkɛfələʊˈtɪɹi/
Forms: form: kefalotiri
Etymology: Borrowed from Greek κεφαλοτύρι (kefalotýri), from the Greek words for "head" and "cheese" : κεφαλο- (kefalo-) + τυρί (tyrí); see cephalo-.
Senses: glosses: A Greek cheese similar to parmesan.
parmesan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/
ipa: /ˌpɑːmɪˈzæn/
note: UK, also found in the US
ipa: /ˈpɑː(ɹ).məˌzɑːn/
note: US, perhaps under influence from Italian
ipa: /ˈpɑɹ.məˌʒɑn/
ipa: /ˈpɑːməˌzən/
rhymes: (UK) -æn
Forms: form: parmesans
form: Parmesan
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French parmesan, from an earlier Vulgar Latin *parmēsānus, restructuring of Latin parmēnsis (from Latin Parma).
Compare Italian parmigiano, Catalan parmesà, Portuguese parmesão, Sicilian parmisanu, Spanish parmesano
Senses: synonyms: Parmigiano-Reggiano
reggiano
glosses: A hard, full-fat Italian cheese from Parma.
glosses: A similar cheese produced elsewhere.
examples: text: Finesse a nigga with some counterfeits, but now I'm countin' this / Parmesan where my accountant lives, in fact I'm downin' this
ref: 2017 March 30, Kendrick Duckworth, Michael Williams II, Asheton Hoga, “Humble”, in Damn, performed by Kendrick Lamar:
glosses: Money.
Derived terms: parmesaned
parmesany
parmo
asiago
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: asiagos
Etymology: Named for the northern Italian town of Asiago.
Senses: glosses: A hard Italian cheese similar to Parmesan.
fulminate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /-əneɪt/
Forms: form: fulminates
form: fulminating
form: fulminated
form: fulminated
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English fulminaten, borrowed from Latin fulminātus, perfect passive participle of fulminō (“to lighten, hurl or strike with lightning”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from fulmen (“lightning which strikes and sets on fire, thunderbolt”), from earlier *fulgmen, *fulgimen, from fulgeō, fulgō (“flash, lighten”). Doublet of fulmine. More at fulgent.
Senses: examples: text: In short, the criticism which the great lexicographer fulminated against an unfortunate author, seems to have been adopted by the profession as applicable to everything under the sun […]
ref: 1855, William Neilson, Mesmerism in its relation to health and disease, page 46:
text: To be sure, Trump has fulminated on Twitter against the judges who rebuffed him. But his tirades have earned him a reprimand––if a brief, vague one––from his own Supreme Court nominee.
ref: 2017 February 15, Peter Beinart, “American Institutions Are Fighting Back Against Trump”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: To make a verbal attack.
examples: text: They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees.
ref: 1842, Thomas De Quincey, “Cicero”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine:
text: While they were the opposition, Democrats fulminated that the Republicans were so deep in the pockets of Big Pharma that they wouldn’t even let the government negotiate lower drug prices.
ref: 2007 January 21, David Brooks, “Mr. Chips Goes to Congress”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: To issue as a denunciation.
glosses: To thunder or make a loud noise.
examples: text: the present owners couldn't afford the electric bills anymore, several amateur gaffers, sad to say, having already been fulminated trying to bootleg power in off the municipal lines.
ref: 2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage, published 2010, page 235:
glosses: To strike with lightning; to cause to explode.
glosses: to act as lightning, appearing quickly and destructively
Synonyms: sense: verbal attack
word: berate
sense: verbal attack
word: condemn
sense: verbal attack
word: criticize
sense: verbal attack
word: denounce
sense: verbal attack
word: denunciate
sense: verbal attack
word: vilify
Derived terms: infulminate
unfulminated
Related terms: fulminant
fulminate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/
ipa: /-əneɪt/
Forms: form: fulminates
Etymology: From fulminic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).
Senses: examples: text: On 19 February a jubilant Bigeard announced that his 3rd R.P.C. had seized eighty-seven bombs, seventy kilos of explosive, 5,120 fulminate of mercury detonators, 309 electric detonators, etc.
ref: 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 193:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any salt or ester of fulminic acid, mostly explosive.
Derived terms: fulminuric
Related terms: fulmination
fulminator
fulminatory
fulminic
mercury fulminate
silver fulminate
explosion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/
ipa: /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/
ipa: /ɪkˈsploʊ.ʒən/
Forms: form: explosions
Etymology: From French explosion, from Latin explōsiōnis, genitive form of explōsio, from explōdo (“I drive out by clapping”), from ex- and plōdo (“I clap or strike”). For more information see explode.
Senses: examples: text: A man was injured by an explosion caused by drilling into a missed shot at the Mendota mine above Silver Plume, Colo.
ref: 1913, Mining and Engineering World, page 171:
glosses: A violent release of energy (sometimes mechanical, nuclear, or chemical); an act or instance of exploding.
glosses: The sound of an explosion.
examples: text: As with the Lejeuneaceae, this pattern of massive speciation appears to be correlated with the Cretaceous explosion of the angiosperms and the simultaneous creation of a host of new microenvironments, differing in humidity, light intensity, texture, etc.
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, pages 3-4:
text: Her image is supposedly rebellious, but she looks scrubbed and healthy, with an explosion of blonde hair and generous curves shoved into too-tight clothing.
ref: 2005 June 3, Mark Tungate, Media Monoliths: How Great Media Brands Thrive and Survive, Kogan Page Publishers, →ISBN, page 38:
text: All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism. That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition. It is therefore dealing with pollution in two ways—suppression and mitigation.
ref: 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
glosses: A sudden, uncontrolled or rapid increase, expansion, or bursting out.
Synonyms: bang
blast
boom
burst
detonation
eruption
fulmination
Derived terms: bacon explosion
Cambrian explosion
controlled explosion
Coulomb explosion
counterexplosion
cryptoexplosion
explosionlike
explosion-proof
explosionproof
explosion ship
explosion shot
explosiony
hyper explosion
hyper-explosion
hyperexplosion
implosion
like an explosion in a paint factory
microexplosion
nonexplosion
nuclear explosion
smoke explosion
superexplosion
Related terms: word: explode
word: explosive
word: principle of explosion
urls: https://www.onelook.com/?w=explosion&ls=a
word: in .
nuclear
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: n(y)o͞okliər
ipa: /ˈn(j)u.kli.ɚ/
note: r
enpr: nyo͞oklî
ipa: /ˈnjuː.klɪə(ɹ)/
enpr: n(y)o͞okliər
enpr: n(y)o͞okyələr
ipa: /ˈn(j)u.kli.ɚ/
ipa: /ˈn(j)u.kjə.lɚ/
rhymes: -uːkliə(ɹ)
rhymes: -uːklɪə(ɹ)
rhymes: -uːkjələ(ɹ)
Forms: form: nuclears
Etymology: From Latin nū̆cleus, a contraction of the adjective nuculeus, masculine of feminine nuculea (“pertaining to a small nut”) from nucula + adjectival suffix -eus, -ea, -eum. The Latin nucula + -āris adds up to nuculāris, a term that in English becomes nucular; the Latin nuculea + -āris, becomes Latin nuculeāris (“relative to what pertains to small nut”), later contracted into nuclear. By surface analysis, nucleus + -ar. Compare muscle and Latin mūsculus; muscular and mūsculāris.
Senses: examples: text: The growth in wind capacity at first lagged behind the expansion of nuclear installations, but then it started to grow faster and is now outpacing nuclear.
ref: 2015, Vital Signs Volume 22: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future, The Worldwatch Institute:
glosses: Nuclear power.
examples: text: Admiral Burke believed that we would be able to beat off an amphibious attack, even if staged in conjunction with heavy aerial bombing, long enough to refer back to Washington and obtain authorization to use nuclears.
ref: 1958, Foreign Relations of the United States (page 118):
glosses: Nuclear weapon
vilify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪl.ɪ.faɪ/
Forms: form: vilifies
form: vilifying
form: vilified
form: vilified
Etymology: From Late Latin vīlificāre (“vilify”). Equivalent to vile + -ify. Compare vilipend.
Senses: synonyms: word: abuse
word: assail
word: criticize
word: decry
word: denigrate
word: demonize
word: denounce
word: libel
word: revile
word: slander
word: run down
word: assassinate
word: asperse
word: backbite
word: badmouth
word: belibel
word: belittle
word: besmirch
word: blaze
word: blemish
word: blot
word: calumniate
word: calumny
word: cloud
word: cut down
word: defame
word: demonize
word: denigrate
word: derogate
word: detract
word: discredit
word: disgrace
word: disparage
word: diss
word: forgab
word: infamize
word: lampoon
word: libel
word: malign
word: monster
word: reproach
word: revile
word: scandal
word: shit-talk
word: slag
word: slander
word: spatter
word: speak ill of
word: stab
word: talk shit
word: talk shite
word: talk trash
word: torch
word: traduce
word: trash-talk
word: vilify
word: vilipend
word: vituperate
antonyms: glorify
praise
glosses: To say defamatory things about someone or something; to speak ill of.
examples: text: As one of the largest producers of genetically modified (GM) seeds in the country, Monsanto has been vilified by activists who describe GM products as 'frankenfood.'
ref: 2016 April 18, Cristina Alesci, “Monsanto CEO frustrated over 'polarized' GMO debate”, in CNN Business:
text: "Those who deliberately vilify China and sabotage the friendship between our two countries and do damage to our long-term friendship and benefits out of their sectoral or selfish interest will be cast aside in history,” he said. “Their children will be ashamed of mentioning their names."
ref: 2021 March 2, Jason Scott, 王晰宁 [Wang Xining], “China Rips Murdoch’s News Corp. for Reports on Pandemic Origins”, in Bloomberg News, archived from the original on 03 Mar 2021:
english: Wang Xining
translation: Wang Xining
synonyms: word: berate
word: animadvert
word: admonish
word: bash
word: bawl out
word: blast
word: derogate
word: berate
word: berisp
word: castigate
word: censure
word: chastise
word: chew out
word: chide
word: condemn
word: criticize
word: denounce
word: denunciate
word: drag
word: dress down
word: eat someone alive
word: excoriate
word: find fault
word: fulminate
word: get down
word: get up
word: give somebody a piece of one's mind
word: give somebody what-for
word: inveigh
word: lace into
word: lambaste
word: lay into
word: lecture
word: light into
word: objurgate
word: pooh-pooh
word: put someone on blast
word: rate
word: read somebody the riot act
word: rebuke
word: reprehend
word: reprimand
word: reproach
word: reprove
word: rip into
word: rubbish
word: savage
word: scold
word: slam
word: tear into
word: tell off
word: threap
word: tick off
word: tosh
word: keelhaul
word: upbraid
word: vilify
word: vituperate
antonyms: glorify
praise
glosses: To belittle through speech; to put down.
Derived terms: vilification
vilifiable
vilifier
Related terms: vile
detonate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛtəneɪt/
ipa: /ˈdɛtəˌneɪt/
ipa: [ˈdɛɾəˌneɪt]
ipa: [ˈdɛʔ.əˌneɪt]
ipa: /ˈdetənæɪt/
ipa: [ˈdeɾənæɪt]
Forms: form: detonates
form: detonating
form: detonated
form: detonated
Etymology: First attested in 1729; either borrowed from French détoner or directly from Latin dētonātus, perfect passive participle of dētonō (“to thunder down (strongly); (figuratively, of a person) to thunder, speak threateningly, to rage; to stop thundering”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē- (“off, from”) + tonō (“to thunder”)). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂-. The current interlingual meaning seems to be a new formation in postclassical times (to thunder → make a large noise → explode), compare explode.
Senses: synonyms: blast#Verb
glosses: To explode, blow up
synonyms: blast#Verb
glosses: To explode, blow up
To combust or decompose supersonically via shock compression.
antonyms: deflagrate
examples: text: The engineers detonated the dynamite and watched the old building collapse.
glosses: To cause to explode.
examples: text: As Oscar turned to greet Yvonne, she could see every muscle in his body contract in anger. Then he detonated. “What the hell are you doing here without an appointment? […]
ref: 2013, Michael J. Restrepo, The Custody Officer, page 116:
synonyms: fulminate
thunder#Verb
glosses: To express sudden anger.
Hypernyms: combust
Derived terms: detcord
detonatable
detonation
detonative
detonator
nondetonating
undetonated
Related terms: stentorian
Thor
thunder
Thursday
wealthy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛl.θi/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈweld̪i/
Forms: form: wealthier
form: more wealthy
form: wealthiest
form: most wealthy
Etymology: From Middle English welthy, welþi, equivalent to wealth + -y. Cognate with Middle Dutch weldech, weeldech (“magnificent, luscious, lavish”).
Senses: examples: text: As a result of these causes the grazier marks himself off fairly sharply from the rest of Australia. He has always spent a considerable proportion of the time in the capital cities, in each of which he has formed a club to which, besides the graziers, only a few of the wealthiest and most prominent of the city dwellers are admitted.
ref: 1963, Colin Clark, Australian Hopes and Fears, page 75:
text: As people stall feed through the years, or if they are wealthier to begin with, the money is used to build houses and buy metal roof sheets, or to buy bicycles, ox-carts and breeding cows.
ref: 1984, Cornelia Butler Flora, Animals in the Farming System:
text: Gleefully and legally intruding upon the sanctum of the wealthy linksters, we walked the mitigation meadows.
ref: 2010, Robert Michael Pyle, chapter 18, in Mariposa Road, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 158:
text: In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
ref: 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19:
glosses: Possessing financial wealth; rich.
glosses: Abundant in quality or quantity; profuse.
Synonyms: word: bow-legged wi' brass
word: comfortably off
word: filthy rich
word: loaded
word: minted
word: moneyed
word: moneybags
word: of means
word: oofy
word: rich
word: rich as Croesus
word: rolling
word: rolling in dough
word: rolling in it
word: upper crust
word: wealthy
word: well-endowed
word: well-heeled
word: well off
word: well-to-do
Hypernyms: word: affluent
word: solvent
word: prosperous
Hyponyms: word: independently wealthy
word: uberwealthy
word: ultrarich
word: ultrawealthy
word: billionaire
word: millionaire
word: new money
word: nouveau riche
word: old money
word: born with a silver spoon in one's mouth
Derived terms: independently wealthy
Related terms: word: upscale
word: wealth
word: sugar daddy
word: nabob
word: well-paid
wealthy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛl.θi/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈweld̪i/
Forms: form: wealthies
Etymology: From Middle English welthy, welþi, equivalent to wealth + -y. Cognate with Middle Dutch weldech, weeldech (“magnificent, luscious, lavish”).
Senses: examples: text: ... whether consumption patterns of the wealthy are more or less polluting than those of the poor depends on the contaminant in question.
ref: 2009 Oct., Rachel A. Bouvier, "Sulfur Dioxide Emissions and Per Capita Income", Environment & Development Economics, Vol. 14, No. 5
text: The wealthy pay most of the taxes but the uberwealthy hardly pay any at all: they hold stock and property and live off debt borrowed against that collateral.
glosses: Synonym of rich: the wealthy people of a society or of the world collectively.
synonyms: word: rich
extra: the wealthy people of a society or of the world collectively
examples: text: F. Scott Fitzgerald never got over Ginevra King's dad reminding him he wasn't a wealthy and needed to aim lower.
text: it was possible for a group like the Libertarians to hope that a couple of weakminded wealthies might donate the seed money to get a campaign rolling.
ref: 1975 December 6, “A Real Presidential Choice Is Being Ignored”, in Evening Independent:
text: Bernice is a nice, sardonic tale of envy and young wealthies of the pre-flapper era, when a girl who bobbed her hair was thought loose by the flask-bearing blades who tried to get her tight.
ref: 1977 April 4, “Public TV Presents miracle Series”, in Argus-Press:
text: Ending tax cuts to wealthies would only increase tax revenues by $40 - $60 billion a year - about 20% of current deficit - so it's a waste of time.
ref: 2006 November 16, “Can the Democrats Deliver?”, in Washington Post:
glosses: A rich person.
Synonyms: moneybags
past tense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: past tenses
Senses: examples: text: This is a report on a study of the use of the past tense forms in the 53 Japanese samples compiled for the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) project.
ref: 2004, Tomoko Koneko, “The Use of Past Tense Forms by Japanese Learners of English”, in Junsaku Nakamura, Nagayuki Inoue, Tomoji Tabata, editors, English Corpora under Japanese Eyes, Rodopi, page 215:
text: As you have studied Spanish, you have probably had the feeling that there are just too many past tenses.
ref: 2009, Eric W. Vogt, Practice Makes Perfect: Spanish Past-Tense Verbs Up Close, McGraw Hill, page v:
text: Some members of the [Mongolic language] family have three or more different affixes which seem to be markers of the past tense, so that in Khalkha, for example, irev, irjee, irlee, and irsen all can translate, and be translated by, the English past tense verb came.
ref: 2012, Robert I. Binnick, The Past Tenses of the Mongolian Verb, BRILL, page 1:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time).
Related terms: be
is
was
were
aorist
past continuous
past indicative
past perfect
past perfect continuous
past subjunctive
preterite
present tense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: present tenses
Senses: examples: text: Animals—lions and zebras and beautiful snakes—live vividly in the present tense, in a bright unconsciousness of time. That is their innocence and their limitation. Humans carry with them their experiences, their pasts; men and women work with a knowledge of consequences and, doing so, impose order on the chaotic present and project consequences into the future.
ref: 1998 March 30, Lance Morrow, “The Trouble With The Present Tense”, in Time:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.
Synonyms: present
Derived terms: dramatic present tense
historical present tense
historic present tense
narrative present tense
present historic tense
Related terms: be
is
was
present continuous
future tense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: future tenses
Senses: examples: text: The future tense came into being as the verbs sculan and willan lost their ancient power as finite verbs and turned into future auxiliaries.
ref: 1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 157:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The tense or time form of a verb used to refer to an event or occurrence that has not yet happened or is expected to happen in the future.
unknown
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌn(ˈn)əʊn/
enpr: ŭn-nōnʹ
ipa: /ʌnˈnoʊn/
rhymes: -əʊn
Forms: form: more unknown
form: most unknown
Etymology: From Middle English *unknowen, *uniknowen, uniknowe, from Old English unġecnāwen (“unknown”), equivalent to un- + known.
Senses: examples: text: The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:
text: I suspect that this large and complex military railway system, shrouded in official secrecy for most of its operational life, remains unknown to many people.
ref: 2022 January 12, Chris Hegg, “The secret railway in the woods”, in RAIL, number 948, page 34:
synonyms: anonymous
unfamiliar
uncharted
undiscovered
unexplored
unidentified
unnamed
unrecognized
unrevealed
unascertained
obscure
unsung
antonyms: well-known
famous
known
glosses: Not known; unidentified; not well known.
Synonyms: word: ignote
word: knownless
word: strange
word: obscure
word: unascertained
word: unapprehended
word: undiscovered
word: unexplained
word: unfamiliar
word: uninvestigated
word: unknown
word: unrecognized
word: unrevealed
Hyponyms: word: mysterious
word: fameless
word: inglorious
word: unfamous
word: unsung
Derived terms: as yet unknown
as-yet-unknown
parts unknown
person unknown
unknown known
unknownly
unknown number
unknown quantity
unknown unknown
Related terms: word: hidden
word: incomprehensible
unknown
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌn(ˈn)əʊn/
enpr: ŭn-nōnʹ
ipa: /ʌnˈnoʊn/
rhymes: -əʊn
Forms: form: unknowns
Etymology: From Middle English *unknowen, *uniknowen, uniknowe, from Old English unġecnāwen (“unknown”), equivalent to un- + known.
Senses: topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A variable (usually x, y or z) whose value is to be found.
examples: text: Had God walked close beside her into the unknown?
ref: 1957, Ethel Erford Hewitt, Into the Unknown: An Historical Novel, page 351:
text: I think I learned more from my family than they did from me in the brief idyllic time we spent together. None of them much more than a mile from home, they carried the aura of a close-knit community as a shield against against the unknown.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 217:
text: As we know, There are known knowns. There are things we know we know. We also know There are known unknowns. That is to say We know there are some things We do not know.
ref: 2003 [2002], Donald Rumsfeld, edited by Hart Seely, Pieces of Intelligence: The Existential Poetry of Donald H. Rumsfeld:
text: The other priority is getting people to respond well to interventions, especially changes to routine. This is one of the biggest unknowns in these scenarios, and yet compliance can be the most crucial factor in determining whether an intervention works.
ref: 2020 April 9, Ian Boyd, “We practised for a pandemic, but didn’t brace”, in Nature, volume 580, number 7802, page 9:
glosses: Any thing, place, or situation about which nothing is known; an unknown fact or piece of information.
examples: text: How does it feel, / how does it feel? / To be on your own, / with no direction home / A complete unknown, / like a rolling stone
ref: 1965, Bob Dylan, “Like a Rolling Stone”, in Bob Dylan (lyrics), Highway 61 Revisited (vinyl), performed by Bob Dylan, Columbia Records, →OCLC, side A of retail US single; on YouTube, English - en (en-nP7-2PuUl7o) subtitles 2:21.875 --> 2:48.701:
text: Khaleque, the landowner, who had contributed most of the money needed to transform the neglected burial-place of an unknown into a mazar, masked his pride and pleasure with difficulty. He solemnly declared: ‘Perhaps now we shall be forgiven for neglecting the saint all these years.’
ref: 1967 [1949], Syed Waliullah, chapter 3, in Tree Without Roots (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 27:
glosses: A person of no identity; a nonentity.
Derived terms: known unknown
unknown unknown
unknown
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌn(ˈn)əʊn/
enpr: ŭn-nōnʹ
ipa: /ʌnˈnoʊn/
rhymes: -əʊn
Etymology: From Middle English *unknowen, *uniknowen, uniknowe, from Old English unġecnāwen (“unknown”), equivalent to un- + known.
Senses: glosses: past participle of unknow
skin
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: skĭn
ipa: /skɪn/
rhymes: -ɪn
Forms: form: skins
form: skinning
form: skinned
form: skinned
form: skinne
Etymology: From Middle English skyn, skinn, from Old English scinn, from Old Norse skinn (“animal hide”), from Proto-Germanic *skinþą, from Proto-Indo-European *sken- (“to split off”), nasal variant of *skeh₁i-d- (“to cut”). Partially displaced native Old English hȳd (“skin, hide”), from which derives hide.
Cognate with Dutch schinde (“bark”), dialectal German Schinde (“fruit peel”); also Breton skant (“scales”), Old Irish cenn (“covering, shell”), Irish scáin (“to tear, burst”), Latin scindō (“to split, divide”), Sanskrit छिनत्ति (chinátti, “to split”).
Senses: examples: text: He fell off his bike and skinned his knee on the concrete.
synonyms: bark
chafe
excoriate
graze
scrape
glosses: To injure the skin of.
synonyms: flay
fleece
flense
scalp
coordinate_terms: bone#Verb
gut#Verb
pluck#Verb
shear#Verb
glosses: To remove the skin and/or fur of an animal or a human.
glosses: To high five.
examples: text: Can I skin the application to put the picture of my cat on it?
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To apply a skin to (a computer program).
examples: text: The Russian, sometimes out of sorts in recent weeks, was seeing plenty of the ball on the left-hand side up against Hunt, a 20-year-old right-back making his first Huddersfield start. Arshavin skinned the youngster at the first opportunity and crossed for Bendtner, who could not direct his close-range effort on target.
ref: 2011 January 30, Kevin Darlng, “Arsenal 2 - 1 Huddersfield”, in BBC:
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: To use tricks to go past a defender.
examples: text: A wound eventually skins over.
glosses: To become covered with skin.
examples: text: It will but skin and film the ulcerous place.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
glosses: To cover with skin, or as if with skin; hence, to cover superficially.
glosses: To produce, in recitation, examination, etc., the work of another for one's own, or to use cribs, memoranda, etc., which are prohibited.
glosses: To strip of money or property; to cheat.
glosses: To sneak off.
glosses: Short for skin up (“travel uphill on skis, snowboard, or bicycle”)
Derived terms: deskin
enskin
skinflint
skinnable
skinner
skinnery
skin someone alive
skin the cat
skin the lamb
skin up
there are many ways to skin a cat
there's more than one way to skin a cat
thick-skinned
thin-skinned
tough-skinned
per annum
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Forms: form: per ann.
Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin per annum, English from the 16th century.
Senses: glosses: In a year.
examples: text: Areas of no more than ten acres of crown land may be granted as bee-arms on annual licenses, the rent being one shilling an acre per annum.
ref: 1918, International Review of Agricultural Economics, volume 9, page 917:
glosses: For a year.
Synonyms: per year
yearly
annually
clap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæp/
rhymes: -æp
Forms: form: claps
Etymology: From Middle English clappen, from Old English clæppan, from Proto-Germanic *klappōną. Cognate with Dutch klappen, Icelandic klappa, Faroese klappa and Danish klappe.
Senses: examples: text: He summoned the waiter with a clap.
glosses: The act of striking the palms of the hands, or any two surfaces, together.
examples: text: The deafening claps of thunder and the dazzling flashes of lightning which lit up the ghastly scene testified that the artillery of heaven had lent its supernatural pomp to the already gruesome spectacle.
ref: 1922 February, James Joyce, “[[Episode 12: The Cyclops]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
text: With each clap of thunder echoing from one high building to another the noise was terrific.
ref: 1953 July, Allen Rowley, “First Impressions of American Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 493:
glosses: The explosive sound of thunder.
examples: text: Off in the distance, he heard the clap of thunder.
text: Give the door such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole room.
ref: 1731 (date written; published 1745), [Jonathan] Swift, Directions to Servants […], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], and M. Cooper, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Any loud, sudden, explosive sound made by striking hard surfaces together, or resembling such a sound.
examples: text: His father's affection never went further than a handshake or a clap on the shoulder.
glosses: A slap with the hand, usually in a jovial manner.
examples: text: What, fifty of my followers at a clap!
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:
text: But it took him a long time to get down-stairs, and a still longer to undo the fastenings, repenting (I dare say) and taken with fresh claps of fear at every second step and every bolt and bar.
ref: 1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC:
glosses: A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow.
topics: falconry
hobbies
hunting
lifestyle
glosses: The nether part of the beak of a hawk.
examples: text: “Oh! get some coo clap (cow dung), mix it wi’ fish oil (whale oil), put it on, and let it stop on all neet.”
ref: 1890, John Nicholson, Folk Lore of East Yorkshire, page 139:
glosses: A dropping of cow dung (presumably from the sound made as it hits the ground)
Synonyms: sense: sound of thunder
word: thunderclap
Derived terms: afterclap
after-clap
clapalong
clapboard
clapbread
clapcake
clap cold
clapdish
clap-gate
clapless
clapnest
clap net
clapometer
clap-o-meter
clappy
clap-sill
clapstick
clapter
claptrap
clapweed
fairy clap
golf clap
handclap
lip clap
slow clap
thunderclap
umbeclap
Related terms: clap skate
clap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæp/
rhymes: -æp
Etymology: Uncertain. Probably from Old French clapoir (“bubo, inflammation from infection”), from clapier (“brothel”).
May also be from old, unsafe treatments for gonorrhea, such as clapping the penis between a book and a hard surface to break up obstructions in the urethra and permit urination. Attested from the 16th century.
Senses: examples: text: With the mischiefe of the melt and maw, / The clape and the canker,—
ref: 1821 [1580 November 23], Alexander Montgomerie, “The Flyting”, in The Poems of Alexander Montgomery, page 115:
text: I stepped out of my tent in Marrakech one night to get a bar of candy and caught your dose of clap when that Wac I never even saw before hissed me into the bushes.
ref: 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 172:
text: “What in hell makes you think he's got the clap?” Hawkeye asked. “Even a clap doctor can't diagnose it through a parka
ref: 1972, Richard Hooker, MASH, page 32:
text: He thought I had given him the clap [gonorrhea], but I knew I didn't.
ref: 1980, Ruth Bell, Changing Bodies, Changing Lives, page 295:
text: One result of the sexual revolution was the spread of venereal disease to near-epidemic proportions. The clap was, as one writer put it, “one of the hangups of the new morality.”
ref: 1991, Timothy Miller, The hippies and American values, University of Tennessee Press, →ISBN, page 63:
text: When I explained that I thought he had given me the clap, he said I must be mistaken, it had to be someone I'd “tricked” with at ... He'd never had an STD in his life, he told me, and slammed down the phone.
ref: 1998, Dan Savage, Savage Love, page 229:
text: Gonorrhea, sometimes called the clap, is caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
ref: [2006, Alvin Silverstein, Virginia Silverstein, Laura Silverstein Nunn, The STDs Update, page 40:
glosses: Gonorrhea.
Derived terms: funny as a dose of the clap
pat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pæt/
ipa: [pʰæt]
ipa: [pʰæt̚]
ipa: [pʰæˀt̚]
enpr: pǎt
rhymes: -æt
Forms: form: pats
Etymology: From Middle English *patten, alteration (with loss of medial l) of platten, pletten (“to pat”), from Old English plættan (“to buffet, strike, slap, smack, give a sounding blow”), from Proto-Germanic *plat- (“to strike, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *blod-, *bled- (“to strike, beat”). Cognate with Middle Dutch platten, pletten (“to strike, bruise, crush, rub”), German platzen (“to split, burst, break up”), Bavarian patzen (“to pat”), Swedish plätta, pjätta (“to pat, tap”). For loss of l, compare patch for platch; pate for plate, etc. See plat.
Senses: examples: text: We heard a pat on the door.
glosses: The sound of a light slap or tap with a soft flat object, especially of a footstep.
examples: text: Give Mary a pat on the shoulder to get her attention.
glosses: A light tap or slap, especially with the hands.
examples: text: It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter.
ref: 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, chapter 45, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC:
glosses: A flattish lump of soft matter, especially butter or dung.
Derived terms: word: asspat
word: back-pat
word: butter pat
word: cow pat
word: cowpat
word: down pat
word: headpat
word: lovepat
word: off pat
word: patball
word: pat hand
word: pat on the back
word: pat slide
word: patter
word: pitter-pat