reverberate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈvɜːbəˌɹeɪt/
ipa: /ɹəˈvɜɹbəˌɹeɪt/
ipa: /ɹi-/
Forms: form: reverberates
form: reverberating
form: reverberated
form: reverberated
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: reverberate
form: reverberate
form: reverberated
form: reverberate
form: reverberatest
form: reverberated
form: reverberatedst
form: reverberates
form: reverberateth
form: reverberated
form: reverberate
form: reverberated
form: reverberate
form: reverberated
form: reverberate
form: -
form: reverberating
form: reverberated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin reverberātus, perfect passive participle of reverberō (“to rebound; to reflect; to repel”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), whence Middle French reverberer (French réverbérer) and Middle English reverberen (“to send back”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) and verberō (“to beat; to lash, whip”) (from verber (“rod; lash, whip”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).
Senses: examples: text: [N]o man is the Lord of any thing: / Though in and of him there be much conſiſting, / Till he communicate his parts to others, / Nor doth hee of himſelfe knovv them for aught: / Till he behold them formed in the applauſe. / VVhere th'are extended: vvho like an arch reuerb'rate / The voice againe or like a gate of ſteele: / Fronting the Sunne, receiues and renders back / His figure and his heate.
ref: c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid. […] (First Quarto), London: […] G[eorge] Eld for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], signature G, verso:
text: [S]oundes doe riſe / By mens force vnder feete, vvounded vvith noyſe / The hilles to heav'n reverberate their voyce.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, “An Apologie of Raymond Sebond”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 273:
text: [W]hatſoever is moved is a body, but Voice is moved and reverberated from ſmooth places, as a ball againſt a VVall. So in the Ægyptian Pyramids, one Voice is redoubled four or five times.
ref: 1656, Tho[mas] Stanley, “[Zeno.] Chap[ter] XVI. Of Living Creatures.”, in The History of Philosophy, the Second Volume, volume II, London: […] Humphrey Moseley, and Thomas Dring: […], →OCLC, 8th part (Containing the Stoick Philosophers), page 114:
text: [T]he corridor along which we were passing was built above these cloisters, and their hollow arches seemed to reverberate every footfall.
ref: 1835, [Washington Irving], “[Newstead Abbey.] Arrival at the Abbey.”, in Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 2), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 113:
text: [T]he guide took a large cannon-ball, and sent it, with his whole force, rolling down the hollow, arched way, rumbling and reverberating and bellowing forth long thunderous echoes, and winding up with a loud, distant crash, that seemed to come from the very bowels of the earth.
ref: 1858 March 25 (date written), Nathaniel Hawthorne, “March 25th, [1858]”, in Passages from the French and Italian Note-books of Nathaniel Hawthorne, volume I, London: Strahan & Co., […], published 1871, →OCLC, page 171:
text: They sat about in black and shiny and flouncey clothing adorned with gimp and beads, eating great quantities of cake, drinking much tea in a stately manner and reverberating remarks.
ref: 1908, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Of Bladesover House, and My Mother; and the Constitution of Society”, in Tono-Bungay […], Toronto, Ont.: The Macmillan Company of Canada, Ltd., →OCLC, 1st book (The Days before Tono-Bungay was Invented), section IV, page 17:
glosses: To cause (a sound) to be (repeatedly) bounced against one or more surfaces; to re-echo.
examples: text: Flame is reverberated in a furnace.
glosses: Followed by on (to): to deflect or divert (flames, heat, etc.) on to something.
examples: text: Svb[tle]. […] I ſent you of his fæces there, calcin'd. / Out of that calx, I'ha'vvonne the ſalt of Mercurie. / Mam[mon]. By pouring on your rectefied vvater? / Svb. Yes, and reuerberating in Athanor.
ref: 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii, signature [D4], recto:
text: Philoſophers that opinioned the vvorlds deſtruction by fire, did never dreame of annihilation, vvhich is beyond the povver of ſublunary cauſes; for the laſt and proper action of that element [fire] is but vitrification, or a reduction of a body into Glaſſe, and therefore ſome of our Chymicks factiouſly affirme; yea, and urge Scripture for it, that at the laſt fire all ſhall be cryſtallized and reverberated into Glaſſe, vvhich is the utmoſt action of that element.
ref: 1642, [Thomas Browne], “[The First Part]”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC, page 97:
topics: chemistry
engineering
metallurgy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To heat (something) by deflecting flames on to, or passing flames over, it.
examples: text: Fifteen Moſques profeſſe their bravery, […] the tops dignified by many double guilded creſcents or ſpires vvhich gallantly reverberate Apollo’s yellovv flames [sunbeams] in a rich and delightfull ſplendor.
ref: 1638, Tho[mas] Herbert, Some Yeares Travels Into Divers Parts of Asia and Afrique. […], 2nd edition, London: […] R[ichard] Bi[sho]p for Iacob Blome and Richard Bishop, →OCLC, book II, page 135:
text: It [the left ventricle of the heart] hath thicker VValls, more compacted fleſhy Pillars, vvherevvith the heat is both more eaſily preſerved and reverberated, and the blood more ſtrongly driven.
ref: 1662, Bartholinus [i.e., Thomas Bartholin], “Of the Heart in General”, in Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, transl., Bartholinus Anatomy; […] (The Physitian’s Library), London: […] Peter Cole […], →OCLC, 2nd book (Of the Middle Venter or Cavity), page 101, column 1:
text: [T]heſe [quilted caps], vvhen moiſtned vvith Svveat, ſtop all Perſpiration, and by reverberating the Heat, prevent the Spirit from evaporating any vvay, but at the Mouth; […]
ref: 1704, [Jonathan Swift], “A Discourse Concerning the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit. In a Letter to a Friend. A Fragment.”, in A Tale of a Tub. […], London: […] John Nutt, […], published 1705, →OCLC, page 304:
text: Swift in wide troops the Tartar chivalry / Sweep;—the far flashing of their starry lances / Reverberates the dying light of day.
ref: 1821 (date written), Percy B[ysshe] Shelley, Hellas: A Lyrical Drama, London: Charles and James Ollier […], published 1822, →OCLC, page 18:
text: Suppose, […] in the midst of the obscurity of the dim room and the smoke-laden atmosphere, there could suddenly have been poured the full glory of a tropical sunset, reverberated from the sea; How would you have shrunk, blinded, from its scarlet and intolerable lightnings!
ref: 1843, [John Ruskin], “Of Truth of Colour”, in Modern Painters […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, part II (Of Truth), section II (Of General Truths), § 10, page 126:
topics: sciences
glosses: To repeatedly reflect (heat, light, or other radiation).
examples: text: This banke is ſo neceſſary a defence for the Citie, that it ſerueth in ſteed of a ſtrong vvall to repulſe and reuerberate the violence of the furious vvaues of the Sea.
ref: 1611, Thomas Coryate [i.e., Thomas Coryat], “My Obseruations of the Most Glorious, Peerelesse, and Mayden Citie of Venice: […]”, in Coryats Crudities Hastily Gobled Vp in Five Moneths Trauells […], London: […] W[illiam] S[tansby for the author], →OCLC, page 160, lines 33–36:
text: In blovving vveather, I am told, moſt of the houſes in this hill are ſmothered vvith ſmoke, forced dovvn the chimneys, by the guſts of vvind reverberated from the hill behind, […]
ref: 1771, [Tobias Smollett], “To Dr. Lewis”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume I, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], →OCLC, page 68:
glosses: To drive, force, or push (someone or something) back; to repel, to repulse.
glosses: To send (something) back from where it came.
examples: text: Hovv ſtill your voice vvith prudent diſcipline / My Prentize ear doth oft reverberate; […]
ref: 1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “[Du Bartas His Second Weeke, […]. Adam. […].] The Handi-crafts. The IIII. Part of the I. Day of the II. Week.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC, pages 291–292:
glosses: Of light or sound: to fall on or hit (a surface or other thing); also, to fill or spread throughout (a space or other thing).
glosses: To beat or hit (something) repeatedly.
examples: text: [There were] innumerable Rills and Brooks of VVater falling from the Clifts, making a barbarous and unpleaſant Sound; and that Sound eccho'd and reverberated from innumerable Cavities and Hollovvs among the Rocks, […]
ref: 1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part II”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. […], London: […] A[rthur] Bettesworth, […]; and W. Mears, […], →OCLC, page 79:
text: Sometimes as an echo thou [God] reverberatest pleasantly, now as a huntsman thou killest with arrows.
ref: 1850, Govind Sing [i.e., Guru Gobind Singh], “Translation of the ‘Vichitra Nátak’ or ‘Beautiful Epitome,’—a Fragment of the Sikh Granth Entitled ‘The Book of the Tenth Pontiff’. Chapter I. There is One God.”, in G. Siddons, transl., Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, volume XIX, number VII (number XLIII overall), Calcutta: Printed by J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press, published 1851, →OCLC, page 522:
text: At length we got to the neighbourhood of the Fairy Glen, and found ourselves in among the wet trees, with the roar of the stream reverberating through the woods.
ref: 1872, William Black, “In the Fairy Glen”, in The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton. […], 3rd edition, volume II, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 31:
text: It did not occur to him to be afraid of the vivid fork lightning or the loud thunder that reverberated down the valley.
ref: 1959, Moore Raymond, Smiley Roams the Road, London: Hulton Press, →OCLC, page 131:
glosses: Of sound: to (repeatedly) bounce against one or more surfaces; to echo or re-echo, to resound.
examples: text: This Revievv is in the firſt place entituled, An Eccho from the Sixth Trumpet; becauſe, it alluſively reverberateth, and Ecchoes, as it vvere, to vvhat vvas predicted ſhould come to paſs betvveen the ſounding of the Sixth and Seventh Trumpet [referred to in the Book of Revelation.]
ref: 1669, George Wither, “A Preface to the Following Review, Offering somewhat therewith Considerable”, in Fragmenta Prophetica. Or, The Remains of George Wither, Esq; […], London: Printed, and are to be sold at Temple-Barr, and in Bishops-gate-street, →OCLC, signature B, verso:
text: The depths of its old forest reverberated to the echoing thunder, and many a stately tree stood scorched and blackening, to whose withered boughs spring would now return in vain.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 239:
text: After a time, the whole fraternity [of rooks] would be in a flutter; some balancing and swinging on the tree tops, others perched on the pinnacles of the Abbey church, or wheeling and hovering about in the air, and the ruined walls would reverberate with their incessant cawings.
ref: 1835, [Washington Irving], “[Newstead Abbey.] The Rook Cell.”, in Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 2), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 196:
glosses: Chiefly followed by to or with: of a place or thing: to ring or vibrate with many echoing sounds; to re-echo, to resound.
glosses: Often followed by from: of heat or (less commonly) light: to be (repeatedly) reflected.
examples: text: They vvait till ſomething nevv comes out from others, examine its merits, and reject it, or make it reverberate throughout the reſt of Europe.
ref: 1759, [Oliver Goldsmith], “Of the Present State of Polite Learning in Italy”, in An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 63:
glosses: Of information, news, etc.: to be spread widely through repetition.
examples: text: The shock—the shout—the groan of war— / Reverberate along that vale, / More suited to the shepherd's tale: […]
ref: 1813, Lord Byron, The Giaour, a Fragment of a Turkish Tale, 8th edition, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], for John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 31, lines 640–642:
text: What is unbearable, in fact, is the feeling, 13 years after 9/11, that America has been chasing its tail; that, in some whack-a-mole horror show, the quashing of a jihadi enclave here only spurs the sprouting of another there; that the ideology of Al Qaeda is still reverberating through a blocked Arab world whose Sunni-Shia balance (insofar as that went) was upended by the American invasion of Iraq.
ref: 2014 November 17, Roger Cohen, “The horror! The horror! The trauma of ISIS [print version: International New York Times, 18 November 2014, page 9]”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 Apr 2022:
glosses: Of a thing: to have lasting and often significant effects.
glosses: Of a thing: to be heated by having flames, hot gases, etc., deflected or passed over it.
glosses: To deflect or divert flames, hot gases, etc., on or into something.
examples: text: [Y]ou ſeem'd to reverberate upon me vvith the beams of the Sun, vvhich you knovv hath ſuch a povverful influence, and indeed too great a ſtroke in this Country: […]
ref: 1620 November 20 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “XXII. To Mr. Tho[mas] Porter, after Capt. Porter, from Barcelona.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section I, page 31:
text: Theſe Vermine are as great as a great Graſhopper, and have yellovv vvings, vve knovv of their coming a day before, not becauſe vve ſee them, but vve knovv it by the Sun, vvhich ſhevveth his beams of a yellovv colour, vvhich is a ſigne that they dravv near the Country, and the ground becoming yellovv, through the light vvhich reverberateth from their vvings, vvhereupon the people become ſuddenly as dead men, ſaying, vve are undone, for the Locuſts come.
ref: 1657, Samuel Purchas, “Of the Grasshopper”, in A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. […], London: […] R. I. for Thomas Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, pages 199–200:
glosses: To shine on something, especially with reflected light.
examples: text: A stone dropped into one of them [a chasm] reverberated against the sides for apparently a very great depth, and, by its sound, indicated the same kind of substance with the surface, as long as the strokes could be heard.
ref: 1837, Washington Irving, chapter XVII, in The Rocky Mountains: Or, Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures in the Far West; […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 177:
glosses: Of a thing: to (repeatedly) bounce against one or more surfaces, especially with a sound; to rebound, to recoil.
examples: text: [S]he made all that one could tell her, all that one could describe, all that one could quote from a foreign author, reverberate, as it were, à plusieurs reprises [repeatedly], to one's own feelings, by the manifest impression it made upon hers.
ref: 1839 January, February, April, Thomas De Quincey, “William Wordsworth”, in Autobiographic Sketches: With Recollections of the Lakes (De Quincey’s Works; II), London: James Hogg & Sons, →OCLC, page 244:
glosses: Followed by on or upon, or to: of a thing: to return and affect a person, their feelings, etc.; to recoil.
examples: text: A beam of light shone into the interior of a mirrored sphere would reverberate in itself.
glosses: Followed by in and a reflexive pronoun: of a thing: to turn back on itself.
glosses: Of a furnace, kiln, etc.: to heat up through the effect of flames, hot gases, etc., deflecting within it.
topics: chemistry
engineering
metallurgy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To heat something by deflecting flames on to, or passing flames over, it.
Derived terms: word: reverb
word: reverberated
word: reverberating
word: reverberative
word: reverberator
word: reverberatory
Related terms: word: reverbate
word: reverberant
word: reverberantly
word: reverberation