cross
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: krŏs
ipa: /kɹɒs/
note: dialects of the US, lot–cloth split
enpr: krôs
ipa: /kɹɔs/
note: dialects of the US, lot–cloth split
note: of Canada
enpr: krŏs
ipa: /kɹɑs/
note: of Canada
note: of the US
ipa: /kɹɒs/
ipa: /kɹɔs/
ipa: /kɹɒs/
ipa: /kɹɔ̟s/
rhymes: -ɒs
rhymes: -ɔːs
Forms: form: crosser
form: crossest
Etymology: From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), from Old Norse kross, from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (crucī). In this sense displaced native Middle English rode, from Old English rōd (“cross”); see English rood. Compare Welsh croes, Irish crois.
The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
Cognates
*Icelandic kross (“cross”)
*Faroese krossur (“cross”)
*Norwegian Nynorsk kross, kors (“cross”)
*Danish kors (“cross”)
*Swedish kors (“cross”)
*North Frisian kross, korss (“cross”)
*Saterland Frisian Krjuus, Kjus (“cross”)
*West Frisian krús (“cross”)
*Dutch kruis (“cross”)
*German Low German Krüüz (“cross”)
*German Kreuz (“cross”)
Senses: examples: text: At the end of each row were cross benches which linked the rows.
text: the cross refraction of the second prism
ref: 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Transverse; lying across the main direction.
examples: text: His actions were perversely cross to his own happiness.
glosses: Opposite, opposed to.
examples: text: As a fat body is more subject to diseases, so are rich men to absurdities and fooleries, to many casualties and cross inconveniences.
ref: , New York Review of Books, 2001, p.50
text: a cross fortune
ref: c. 1650, Jeremy Taylor, Of Contentedness:
text: the cross and unlucky issue of my designs
ref: 1665, Joseph Glanvill, Scepsis Scientifica: Or, Confest Ignorance, the Way to Science; […], London: […] E. C[otes] for Henry Eversden […], →OCLC:
text: The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvellously cross to the common experience of mankind.
ref: 1694, Robert South, Christianity Mysterious, and the Wisdom of God in Making it So (sermon preached at Westminster Abbey on April 29, 1694)
text: We are both love's captives, but with fates so cross, / One must be happy by the other's loss.
ref: 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):
glosses: Opposing, adverse; being contrary to what one would hope or wish for.
examples: text: She was rather cross about missing her train on the first day of the job.
text: Please don't get cross at me. (or) Please don't get cross with me.
text: 1650/1651, Jeremy Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living
He had received a cross answer from his mistress.
qualifier: Ottawa Valley
glosses: Bad-tempered, angry, annoyed.
examples: cross interrogatories
cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other
glosses: Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged.
examples: text: As my father remarked to me when I stole on deck to view the state of affairs, the sea was a "cross one," and very difficult to steer against.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 15:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Of the sea, having two wave systems traveling at oblique angles, due to the wind over shifting direction or the waves of two storm systems meeting.
glosses: Dishonest.
Synonyms: sense: opposite to
word: contrarily
sense: opposite to
word: opposed
sense: opposite to
word: reverse
sense: opposite to
word: antipodal
sense: mildly angry
word: angry
sense: mildly angry
word: annoyed
sense: mildly angry
word: irritated
Derived terms: sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross action
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross as two sticks
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross bat
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: crossbeam
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-chain
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-contaminant
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross cut
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross elasticity of demand
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-examine
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: crossguard
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-handed
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-inhibition
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-inhibitory
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: crossish
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: crossly
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-multiplication
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: crossness
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: crosspatch
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross purposes
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-section
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: cross-wise
sense: Terms derived from cross (adjective)
word: Walpole Cross Keys