cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
jailer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒeɪlə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -eɪlə(ɹ)
Forms: form: jailers
form: gaoler
form: gaolor
form: jailor
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English gayoler, gayler, jayler, from Old French jaiolier, gaiolier, from jaiole. By surface analysis, jail + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Sometimes some of the ejected ministers preached to them privately, and now and then the jailer allowed Mr. H. to go out in the night to preach to them, and administer the Lord's Supper.
ref: 1775, Samuel Palmer, The Nonconformist's Memorial:
text: But the next morning came, and my coffee was brought by her mother; the next, and the next, by the under jailers; and Angiola continued grievously ill.
ref: 1883, Silvio Pellico, chapter 32, in My Ten Years' Imprisonment:
text: The jailer was also roused by the earthquake and came to the outer door; he was perhaps a soldier, or at least had something of Roman discipline, giving him presence of mind.
ref: 2001, Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, St. Paul: The Traveler and Roman Citizen, page 176:
glosses: One who enforces confinement in a jail or prison.
Synonyms: word: corrections officer
word: guard
word: screw
word: turnkey
word: warden
word: warder
Derived terms: underjailer
Related terms: jaileress
jailering
jailership
jollification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: jollifications
Etymology: From jolly + -fication.
Senses: examples: text: I shall go down with you on Wednesday in time for the jollification on Thursday. I always enjoy that day; they are such nice, friendly people, those good Hollingford ladies.
ref: 1864 August – 1866 January, [Elizabeth] Gaskell, “Drifting Into Danger”, in Wives and Daughters. An Every-day Story. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1866, →OCLC, page 92:
text: 1872, Sheridan Le Fanu, “Mr. Justice Harbottle,” Chapter 2, in In a Glass Darkly,
[…] old Judge Harbottle had arranged one of his dubious jollifications, such as might well make the hair of godly men's heads stand upright for that night.
text: […] the streams would run with wine instead of water and the whole forest would give itself up to jollification for weeks on end.
ref: 1950, C. S. Lewis, chapter 2, in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Collins, published 1998:
glosses: A merrymaking; noisy festivity.
joust
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /d͡ʒaʊst/
ipa: /d͡ʒʌʊst/
rhymes: -aʊst
ipa: /d͡ʒuːst/
homophone: juiced
rhymes: -uːst
ipa: /d͡ʒʌst/
homophone: just
rhymes: -ʌst
Forms: form: jousts
form: just
Etymology: From Middle English, borrowed from Old French jouster (modern French jouter), from Vulgar Latin *juxtō, *iuxtō, *iuxtāre, from Latin iūxta (“close to”). English since the early 14th century.
Senses: examples: text: medieval joust
glosses: A tilting match: a mock combat between two mounted knights or men-at-arms using lances in the lists or enclosed field.
Synonyms: tilt
joust
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /d͡ʒaʊst/
ipa: /d͡ʒʌʊst/
rhymes: -aʊst
ipa: /d͡ʒuːst/
homophone: juiced
rhymes: -uːst
ipa: /d͡ʒʌst/
homophone: just
rhymes: -ʌst
Forms: form: jousts
form: jousting
form: jousted
form: jousted
form: just
Etymology: From Middle English, borrowed from Old French jouster (modern French jouter), from Vulgar Latin *juxtō, *iuxtō, *iuxtāre, from Latin iūxta (“close to”). English since the early 14th century.
Senses: examples: text: The knights prepared to joust in the tournament.
glosses: To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt.
examples: text: verbally joust
text: Politicians often joust with words during debates.
glosses: To engage in verbal sparring over an important issue. (used of two people, both of whom participate more or less equally)
glosses: To touch penises while engaging in a sex act, especially oral sex.
Derived terms: jostle
jouster
outjoust
kinky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɪŋki/
rhymes: -ɪŋki
Forms: form: kinkier
form: kinkiest
Etymology: From kink + -y. Compare Spanish canquiñi (“nappy”).
Senses: examples: text: kinky hair
text: It seemed that there had never been a time when he had not known this moment of waiting while the packed church paused—the sisters in white, heads raised, the brothers in blue, heads back; the white caps of the women seeming to glow in the charged air like crowns, the kinky, gleaming heads of the men seeming to be lifted up—[…]
ref: 1953, James Baldwin, “The Seventh Day”, in Go Tell It on the Mountain (Penguin Classics), London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN:
glosses: Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl.
examples: text: What had I been expecting, behind that closed door, the first time? At the very least some minor sexual manipulation, some bygone peccadillo now denied him, prohibited by law and punishable by amputation. To be asked to play Scrabble, instead, as if we were an old married couple, or two children, seemed kinky in the extreme, a violation in its own way.
ref: 1985, Margaret Atwood, “Soul Scrolls”, in The Handmaid’s Tale, Toronto, Ont.: McClelland and Stewart, →ISBN, page 163:
text: Their male customers are often identified as lonely, sleazy, and into kinky sex[…]
ref: 1994, Roberta Perkins, Sex Work and Sex Workers in Australia, page ii:
text: Scars on my back were revealed from when I was whipped by a sadomasochistic ex-lover. I wondered if it bothered anyone, but it only seemed to make everyone harder than they already were. I was a kinky girl.
ref: 2002, Lyla Verone, The Interview:
glosses: Marked by unconventional sexual preferences or behavior, as fetishism, sadomasochism, and other sexual practices.
glosses: Queer; eccentric; crotchety.
Derived terms: kinkily
kinkiness
kinky hair disease
Menkes kinky hair syndrome
nonkinky
unkinky
madmen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Hoffman's view is that all terrorists have goals, and that it is dangerous to see them only as madmen bent on destruction.
ref: 2001 October 29, Nicholas Lemann, “What Terrorists Want”, in The New Yorker, volume 77:
glosses: plural of madman
madman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmædmən/
ipa: /ˈmædˌmæn/
Forms: form: madmen
Etymology: From mad + -man.
Senses: coordinate_terms: madwoman
madchild
glosses: A man who is insane or mentally disturbed.
glosses: A person who makes risky and questionable decisions.
glosses: A daredevil.
Derived terms: madman theory
semimadman
madness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmad.nəs/
ipa: /ˈmæd.nəs/
ipa: /ˈmæd.nɪs/
ipa: /ˈmɛd.nɘs/
rhymes: (US) -ædnəs
Forms: form: madnesses
Etymology: From Middle English madnes, madnesse; equivalent to mad + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Though this be madneſſe, / Yet there is Method in 't: […]
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 261, column 2:
text: You were lonely for a man
I said, "Take me as I am"
'Cause you might enjoy some madness for a while
ref: 1980 March 7, Billy Joel, “You May Be Right”, in Glass Houses:
text: Shepard: What's wrong with your assistant?
Dr. Warren: Manuel has a brilliant mind, but he's always been a bit... unstable. Genius and madness are two sides of the same coin.
Dr. Manuel: Is it madness to see the future? To see the destruction rushing towards us? To understand there is no escape? No hope? No, I am not mad. I'm the only sane one left!
Dr. Warren: I gave him an extra dose of his meds after the attack.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Eden Prime:
synonyms: word: bedlamism
word: brainsickness
word: craze
word: craziness
word: derangement
word: insaneness
word: insanity
word: lunacy
word: lune
word: madness
word: mental disorder
word: mental illness
word: unreason
word: unsanity
glosses: The state of being mad; insanity; mental disease.
glosses: The state of being angry.
glosses: Rash folly.
Derived terms: canine madness
gluten-free madness
March Madness
method in the madness
method to one's madness
midsummer madness
moon madness
mulga madness
premadness
running madness
semimadness
that way madness lies
insanity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈsænɪti/
Forms: form: insanities
Etymology: A three-part word (root 'sane', prefix 'in-' meaning 'not', suffix '-ity', meaning 'the state of'). Derived from Latin precursory equivalents. Two possible candidates for construction order:
* insane + -ity: īnsānus (“unhealthy; insane”) + -itās
*: Latin īnsānus (“unsound in mind; mad, insane”), from in- + sānus (“sound, sane”). Modern forms of roots: in- + sane
* in- + sanity: in- (“lacking; without”) + sānitās (“health; sanity”)
*: Latin sānitās (“sound in mind; sane”), from sānus + -itās. Modern forms of roots: sane + -ity
Senses: examples: text: The defendant pleaded insanity in the hope of getting a reduced sentence.
text: But the bed-side of Lady Marchmont had a darker lesson than the grave, the ravings of insanity revealed the fiery world of that beating and passionate heart. Ethel could only feel too fearful, too humbled, for judgment; but she wept, even while she prayed, beside her early friend.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Chamber of Death”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 271:
antonyms: word: insanity
word: unsanity
coordinate_terms: unsanity
glosses: The state of being insane; madness.
Synonyms: word: bedlamism
word: brainsickness
word: craze
word: craziness
word: derangement
word: insaneness
word: insanity
word: lunacy
word: lune
word: madness
word: mental disorder
word: mental illness
word: unreason
word: unsanity
Hypernyms: word: condition
word: deviance
word: disorder
word: illness
Hyponyms: word: bipolar disorder
word: depression
word: hysteria
word: mania
word: manic depression
word: neurosis
word: psychosis
word: schizophrenia
word: dementia praecox
word: disorganized schizophrenia
word: hebephrenia
word: macromania
word: megalomania
word: monomania
word: paranoid schizophrenia
Meronyms: word: acataphasia
word: akathisia
word: amnesia
word: aphasia
word: catalepsy
word: catatonia
word: codependency
word: delirium
word: delusion
word: dysphasia
word: dysphoria
word: echolalia
word: formication
word: fugue state
word: glossolalia
word: hallucination
word: heterolalia
word: hypermnesia
word: idée fixe
word: monophasia
word: neolalia
word: obsession
word: palilalia
word: paresthesia
word: paramnesia
word: paranoia
word: paranomia
word: paraphasia
word: paresis
word: phrenesis
word: schizophasia
word: total recall
word: word salad
Derived terms: Linsanity
masturbational insanity
masturbatory insanity
Related terms: word: insane
word: addiction
word: anxiety
word: behavioral crisis
word: complex
word: delusion of grandeur
word: dementia
word: ecstasy
word: fixation
word: frenzy
word: hypochondria
word: hypochondriasis
word: kleptomania
word: lypemania
word: general paresis of the insane
word: maladjustment
word: malaise
word: neurasthenia
word: nosomania
word: nympholepsy
word: phobia
word: phrenitis
word: psychasthenia
word: psychopathology
word: pyromania
word: repression
word: senility
word: mad person
word: :Category:en:Clinical psychology
folly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɑli/
ipa: /ˈfɒli/
rhymes: -ɒli
Forms: form: follies
Etymology: Derived from Old French folie (“madness”), from the adjective fol (“mad, insane”).
Senses: examples: text: It would be folly to walk all that way, knowing the shops are probably shut by now.
glosses: Foolishness that results from a lack of foresight or lack of practicality.
examples: text: The purchase of Alaska from Russia was termed Seward's folly.
text: Thames Water has become the latest object lesson in the predictable and predicted folly of privatised monopolies, aided by a regulator that’s an even bigger wet wipe than the fatbergs bunging up the sewers.
ref: 2023 June 30, Marina Hyde, “The tide is coming in fast on Rishi Sunak – and it’s full of sewage”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Thoughtless action resulting in tragic consequence.
examples: text: A luncheonette in the shape of a coffee cup is particularly conspicuous, as is intended of an architectural duck or folly.
text: “The Villa Straylight,” said a jeweled thing on the pedestal, in a voice like music, “is a body grown in upon itself, a Gothic folly. […]”
ref: 1984, William Gibson, chapter 14, in Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 172:
text: It has been a long time since new follies were springing up across the great estates of Britain. But the owners of Doddington Hall, in Lincolnshire, have brought the folly into the 21st century, by building a 30ft pyramid in the grounds of the Elizabethan manor.
ref: 2014 September 7, “Doddington's garden pyramid is a folly good show”, in The Daily Telegraph, London:
text: A great deal of eccentricity was expressed through the trend for ruin follies. But it wasn’t only the madness of paranoid earls and fashionable landowners that was encoded in them.
ref: 2018 April 18, Paul Cooper, “Europe Was Once Obsessed With Fake Dilapidated Buildings”, in The Atlantic:
topics: architecture
glosses: A fanciful building built for purely ornamental reasons.
Derived terms: folliful
folly tower
Related terms: fool
foolery
foolish
folly
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɑli/
ipa: /ˈfɒli/
rhymes: -ɒli
Forms: form: follies
form: follying
form: follied
form: follied
Senses: examples: text: "You got any money?" he said to me. ¶ "Hell no, maybe enough for a pint of whisky till I get to Denver. What about you?" ¶ "I know where I can get some." ¶ "Where?" "Anywhere. You can always folly a man down an alley, can't you?"
ref: 1957, Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Penguin, published 1976, →OCLC, page 23:
text: "Anybody got the makin's?" he said. "That's one hell of a thick bunch of canvas, but I follied the seam."
ref: 2002, Richard Kilroy O'Malley, Hobo: A Depression Odyssey, →ISBN, page 104:
text: Howandever, at the selfsame time, there was a gang of fellas from the valley of kings follying the very same pointy star. And didn't that pointy star point them king-fellas in the direction of Mary's cowstable.
ref: 2012, Honor Molloy, Smarty Girl: Dublin Savage, Boston, M.A.: Gemma, →ISBN, page 43:
glosses: To follow.
folly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɑli/
ipa: /ˈfɒli/
rhymes: -ɒli
Forms: form: follies
Etymology: Uncertain. The most common theory is that term primarily denotes a clump of trees and relates to French feuille, feuillée and English foliage; it has also been suggested that it references some perceived connection or resemblance of the named place to an architectural folly, but many places so named have no architectural follies and cannot be named directly for them.
Senses: examples: text: 'Every hill seems to have a Folly' [...] 'I mean a clump of trees on the top.'
ref: 1880, Richard Jeffries, Greene Ferne Farm, page vi:
text: Folly Beach, the next island to the south (batik 3.7), bears the name given it by mariners, who looked for the island's tree-crested dune ridge, a volley or folly of trees, as a navigation guide [...] Probably a lot of East Coast islands bore the temporary name of Folly Beach.
ref: 2003, Orrin H. Pilkey, Mary Edna Fraser, A Celebration of the World's Barrier Islands, page 69:
text: During the 1920s and 1930s, Folly Farms (above) [referencing a photograph of a farmhouse surrounded by large trees] was owned by Mrs. Samuel Pennington Rotan of Pennsylvania, who was involved in the effort to improve medical care for the indigent people around Ways Station. … Folly Farms was originally known as Myrtle Grove …
ref: 2006, Buddy Sullivan, Richmond Hill, page 52
qualifier: largely obsolete outside place names
glosses: A clump of trees, particularly one on the crest of a hill (or sometimes on a stretch of open ground).
keep up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: keeps up
form: keeping up
form: kept up
form: kept up
Etymology: From Middle English kepen up (“to perpetuate, maintain, preserve”), equivalent to keep + up.
Senses: examples: text: The NRA is pumping groundwater into the River Itchen in Hampshire to keep up its flow and is trying to save three streams, the Tong, the Little Stour and the Dour from going dry this summer.
ref: 1992, The Daily Telegraph, London:
glosses: To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling.
examples: text: Non obstante the Change of Religion, the Plough-boies, and also the Schooleboies will keep-up and retain their old Ceremonies and Customes and priviledges.
ref: 1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 40:
text: Keep up the good work of entertaining your fans on court Steffi; we know you can do it; your fans are behind you all the way.
ref: 1991, Tennis World, Sussex: Presswatch:
text: If the borrower could no longer afford to keep up the payments, the longer he stayed in the home the more the interest bill mounted.
ref: 1991, Hugh Barty-King, The worst poverty, Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd, pages 85–203:
glosses: To continue with (work, etc).
examples: text: They ran so fast I could hardly keep up.
text: Rooney and his team-mates started ponderously, as if sensing the enormity of the occasion, but once Scholes began to link with Ryan Giggs in the middle of the park, the visitors increased the tempo with Sunderland struggling to keep up.
ref: 2012 May 13, Alistair Magowan, “Sunderland 0-1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:
text: However, there are some warning signs. Phases 1 and 2A labour requirements are expected to peak at around 26,500 over the next two years, and there will be a constant labour demand until 2025-26, but there are signs that the skills training programmes may not be able to keep up.
ref: 2021 September 8, Howard Johnston, “Network News: HS2 jobs boost - but skills shortage a concern”, in RAIL, number 939, page 16:
text: Attempts to merge these unions in recent years have failed when put to the vote of members, but unionisation remains strong in the rail industry - not least because it has proved effective in keeping up wages.
ref: 2025 August 6, Christian Wolmar, “You don't get me, I'm part of the union”, in RAIL, number 1041, page 49:
glosses: To stay even or ahead.
examples: text: I always try to keep up with (or "keep up on") current affairs.
glosses: To ensure that one remains well-informed about something.
examples: text: The crying baby kept me up all night
glosses: To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep
topics: media
printing
publishing
antonyms: keep down
glosses: To use capital letters as much as reasonable.
Synonyms: sense: stay even or ahead
word: keep pace
Derived terms: keepie-uppie
keep it up
keep up appearances
keep up with
keep up with the Joneses
keep up with the times
preserve
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəˈzɜːv/
ipa: /pɹəˈzɝv/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)v
Forms: form: preserves
form: præserve
Etymology: From Middle English preserven, from Old French preserver, from Medieval Latin prēservāre (“keep, preserve”), from Late Latin praeservāre (“guard beforehand”), from prae (“before”, adverb) + servāre (“maintain, keep”).
Senses: synonyms: jam
jelly
marmalade
conserve
glosses: A sweet spread made of any of a variety of fruits.
examples: text: Suppose Shakespeare had been knocked on the head some dark night in Sir Thomas Lucy's preserves, the world would have wagged on better or worse, the pitcher gone to the well, the scythe to the corn, and the student to his book; and no one been any the wiser of the loss.
ref: 1881, Robert Louis Stevenson, Virginibus Puerisque:
glosses: A reservation, a nature preserve.
examples: text: No one can argue with that—neither the Army Commander nor Zhilinsky nor even the Grand Duke. That is the Emperor’s preserve. The Emperor says France must be saved. We can only do his bidding.
ref: 1989, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, translated by H. T. Willetts, August 1914, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, page 86:
text: The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.
ref: 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:
glosses: An activity with restricted access.
Derived terms: game preserve
natural preserve
shooting preserve
Related terms: preserver
preserve
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəˈzɜːv/
ipa: /pɹəˈzɝv/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)v
Forms: form: preserves
form: preserving
form: preserved
form: preserved
form: præserve
Etymology: From Middle English preserven, from Old French preserver, from Medieval Latin prēservāre (“keep, preserve”), from Late Latin praeservāre (“guard beforehand”), from prae (“before”, adverb) + servāre (“maintain, keep”).
Senses: examples: text: Every people has the right to preserve its identity and culture.
text: O, the Lord preserve thy good Grace! By my troth, welcome to London. […]
ref: c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:
glosses: To protect; to keep from harm or injury.
examples: text: to preserve peaches or grapes
glosses: To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, such as sugar or salt; to season and prepare (fruits, meat, etc.) for storage.
examples: text: to preserve appearances; to preserve silence
text: Better men than you, men who could believe and obey, twisted the entrails of iron and preserved the legend of fire.
ref: 1908, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare, Bristol: J[ames] W[illiams] Arrowsmith, […]; London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Company, →OCLC, page 266:
text: O, that this good blossom could be kept from cankers! Well, there is sixpence to preserve thee.
ref: c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
text: Among the most modern of all the Pacific stock in Great Britain is the stud of "Merchant Navy" and "West Country" Pacifics on the Southern Region, and the rebuilding which is now being carried out, preserving all the best features of the Bulleid designs—such as the free-steaming boiler—and jettisoning the features that have given trouble, in particular the chain-driven valve-motion, should give the Southern a supply of highly-competent machines able to last out the remaining life of steam on the S.R.
ref: 1957 July 24, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 496:
glosses: To maintain throughout; to keep intact.
Derived terms: God preserve us
preserving glass
preserving pan
protect
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəˈtɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
Forms: form: protects
form: protecting
form: protected
form: protected
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: protect
form: protect
form: protected
form: protect
form: protectest
form: protected
form: protectedst
form: protects
form: protecteth
form: protected
form: protect
form: protected
form: protect
form: protected
form: protect
form: -
form: protecting
form: protected
Etymology: Attested in English since 1530, from Latin prōtēctus (“covered, protected”), past participle of prōtegere (“to cover the front, protect”) from prō, prō- (“before, in front of”) + tegere (“to cover”), see tegument. Displaced native Middle English shelden, from Old English sċildan (“to protect,” literally “to shield”).
Senses: examples: text: to protect a child from danger
text: This antivirus package will protect your computer from hackers.
text: Condoms are designed to protect against sexually-transmitted diseases.
text: But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt to shift attention away from the realities of their life at sea.
ref: 2012 March 24, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 87:
glosses: To keep safe; to defend; to guard; to prevent harm coming to.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
lifestyle
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
tourism
transport
travel
glosses: To book a passenger on a later flight if there is a chance they will not be able to board their earlier reserved flight.
Synonyms: shield
beshield
Derived terms: calprotectin
cardioprotect
chemoprotect
chondroprotect
cryoprotect
deprotect
immunoprotect
neuroprotect
neuroprotectin
overprotect
photoprotect
protecc
protectability
protectable
protectant
protectee
protectible
protectin
protection
protective
radioprotect
reprotect
seroprotect
shoot and protect
underprotect
unprotect
prevent
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹɪˈvɛnt/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /pɹəˈvɛnt/
rhymes: -ɛnt
Forms: form: prevents
form: preventing
form: prevented
form: prevented
form: prævent
Etymology: From Middle English preventen (“anticipate”), from Latin praeventus, perfect passive participle of praeveniō (“I anticipate”), from prae (“before”) + veniō (“I come”).
Senses: examples: text: I brush my teeth regularly to prevent tooth decay.
text: Scotland must now hope Georgia produce a huge upset and beat Argentina by at least eight points in Sunday's final Pool B match to prevent them failing to make the last eight for the first time in World Cup history.
ref: 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:
synonyms: throttle
anticipate
glosses: To stop (an outcome); to keep from (doing something).
examples: text: I think you must be mad, and she shall not have a glimpse of it while I'm here to prevent!
ref: 1897 October 16, Henry James, What Maisie Knew, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Herbert S. Stone & Co., →OCLC:
glosses: To take preventative measures.
examples: text: We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us.
ref: 1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC:
text: We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Thessalonians 4:15:
text: Then had I come, preventing Sheba's Queen, / To ſee the comelieſt of the Sons of Men; […]
ref: 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, book II (Pleasure), page 448:
glosses: To come before; to precede.
examples: text: With that he put his spurres vnto his steed, / With speare in rest, and toward him did fare, / Like shaft out of a bow preuenting speed.
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC:
glosses: To outdo, surpass.
examples: text: their ready guilt preventing thy commands
ref: c. 1699 – 1703, Alexander Pope, “The First Book of Statius His Thebais”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:
glosses: To be beforehand with; to anticipate.
Derived terms: prevent defense
preventative
prevention
preventive
deteriorating
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈtɪəɹ.i.əɹˌeɪ.tɪŋ/
Forms: form: more deteriorating
form: most deteriorating
Senses: examples: text: On Monday, chipmaker Nvidia (NVDA) cut its sales outlook for the fourth quarter, citing “deteriorating macroeconomic conditions, particularly in China.” Last week, Intel’s (INTC) CEO also noted that “trade and macro concerns, especially in China, have intensified.”
ref: 2019 January 28, Seth Fiegerman, “Apple earnings: How low can iPhone sales go?”, in CNN Business:
glosses: Getting worse.
Synonyms: sour
worsen
deteriorating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈtɪəɹ.i.əɹˌeɪ.tɪŋ/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of deteriorate
'scuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /skjuːz/
homophone: skews
Forms: form: 'scuses
form: 'scusing
form: 'scused
form: 'scused
form: scuse
Etymology: Aphetic form of excuse.
Senses: examples: text: 'Scuse me, when is the bus due?
glosses: Excuse.
'scuse
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Forms: form: scuse
Etymology: Aphetic form of excuse.
Senses: examples: text: 'Scuse, can I come past?
glosses: Excuse me.
'scuse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /skjuːs/
rhymes: -uːz
rhymes: -uːs
Forms: form: 'scuses
form: scuse
Etymology: Aphetic form of excuse.
Senses: examples: text: Oh! she said we must get our 'scuses — the rule, you know.
ref: 1875, New Dominion Monthly, page 37:
glosses: An excuse.
makeless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪkləs/
Etymology: From Middle English makeles, equivalent to make (“companion, mate, equal, peer”) + -less. Cognate with Danish mageløs (“matchless”), Swedish makalös (“incomparable, peerless, matchless”).
Senses: examples: text: Consider Cyrus in your cruell thought,
A makelesse Prince in riches, and in might.
ref: 1578, “The Complaynt of Henry Duke of Buckingham”, in William Baldwin, editor, The last part [part 3] of the Mirour for magistrates, page 140:
text: That which I mentioned of the makeless Bride [translating Italian unica sposa]
Of God the Spirit[…]
ref: 1853, Dante Alighieri, translated by William Cayley, Divine Comedy: The Purgatory, Canto XX, line 97, page 147:
text: I just peeped into the Mediæval Court, in search of the mummy of a cat[…]a bright-eyed little girl directed me to her ancient feline majesty—a thing shapeless and makeless—done up in that queer old mouldering[…]
ref: 1861 November, Emerald Green, “A Day in the Dublin Exhibition”, in The Family Friend, page 506:
glosses: Matchless, without equal, peerless.
examples: text: For, stoode it with the pleasure of his will
To marrie me, my fortune is not such,
So hard, that I so long should still persist
Makelesse alone in wofull widowhood.
ref: 1591, Robert Wilmot, The tragedie of Tancred and Gismund, act 2, scene 1:
text: The world will wail thee, like a makeless wife.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet IX”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
glosses: Without a mate; widowed.
matchless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more matchless
form: most matchless
Etymology: From match + -less, modelled after or partly continuing Middle English makeless (“having no peer or equal, matchless”), equivalent to make + -less. Compare Swedish makalös (“incomparable, matchless”), Danish mageløs (“matchless”).
Senses: examples: text: [T]he Prince was to declare the victor in the first day's tourney, who should receive as prize a warhorse of exquisite beauty and matchless strength.
ref: 1819, Sir Walter Scott, chapter 8, in Ivanhoe:
text: It was not his matchless talent that exalted Koufax beyond his greatest contemporaries so much as it was his knowledge that character was not connected to talent.
ref: 2002, Daniel Okrent, "Books: A Prince of a Pitcher" (Review of: Sandy Koufax: A Lefty's Legacy), Time, 30 Sept.
glosses: Having no match; without equal.
examples: text: In this comedy, a matchmaker has a matchless daughter. Try as he might, he cannot seem to find anyone for her.
ref: 2010 June 1, Sandra Brennan, “Movies: The Flying Matchmaker (1966)”, in nytimes.com, retrieved 13 Sep 2010:
glosses: Having no mate.
Synonyms: sense: without equal
word: incomparable
sense: without equal
word: nonpareil
sense: without equal
word: peerless
sense: without equal
word: unequaled
sense: without equal
word: unmatched
sense: without equal
word: unparalleled
sense: without equal
word: unsurpassed
sense: having no mate
word: single
sense: having no mate
word: unattached
Derived terms: matchlessly
matchlessness
unmatchless
matchless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From match + -less.
Senses: examples: a matchless stove
glosses: Without the use of matches for ignition.
think tank
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: thĭngk′ tăngk′
ipa: /ˈθɪŋk ˌtæŋk/
ipa: /ˈθəŋk ˌtɛŋk/
ipa: /ˈθɪŋk ˌtaŋk/
ipa: /ˈt̪ɪŋk ˌʈaŋk/
Forms: form: think tanks
form: thinktank
form: think-tank
Etymology: From the use of think tank or think box in the 19th century to refer to the human brain.
Senses: examples: text: Why don't we take a leaf out of the government's book and have a think tank?
ref: 1974, The Think Tank (Are You Being Served?), season 2, episode 3, spoken by "Captain" Stephen Peacock (Frank Thornton):
text: As 1965 drew to a close a secret research project for the United States Department of Defense was concluded by a ‘think-tank’ of seven psychologists at the American Institute for Research, in the Maryland woods outside Washington, DC.
ref: 1978, Peter Watson, War on the Mind, New York: Basic Books, →ISBN, page 21:
synonyms: think factory
glosses: A group of people who collectively perform research and develop reports and recommendations on topics relating to strategic planning or public policy, and which is usually funded by corporate, government, or special interests.
examples: text: Slade’s eyes, china blue and menacing, held hers for an instant, then he turned again to her father and completed his sentence, “or else I think I know a stunt that will speed up your work . . . something that will make your think-tank bubble a bit faster. And if it don’t, then you’ll learn something about Hoppy Slade that you didn’t know before. Go to bed and sleep on that!”
ref: 1937, Madge Macbeth, Wings in the West, London: J. Hamilton, page 261:
glosses: The brain.
Derived terms: think-tanker
think tanker
Related terms: brain trust
brains trust
talk shop
talking shop
maladies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of malady
malady
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: măl'ə-dē
ipa: /ˈmæl.ə.di/
Forms: form: maladies
Etymology: From Middle English maladie, from Old French maladie (“sickness, illness, disease”), from malade (“ill, sick”), from Latin male habitus (“ill-kept, not in good condition”), 1st century AD. See also malice and habit.
Senses: examples: text: As, to prevent our maladies unseen, / We sicken to shun sickness when we purge.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet CXVIII”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
text: The maladies of the body may prove medicines of the mind.
ref: a. 1812, Joseph Stevens Buckminster, It is Good for Me, that I have been Afflicted (sermon)
glosses: Any ailment or disease of the body; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder.
examples: text: Love's a malady without a cure.
ref: 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: A moral or mental defect or disorder.
Synonyms: ailment
disease
disorder
distemper
illness
sickness
Derived terms: maladious
ailment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪlmənt/
Forms: form: ailments
Etymology: From ail + -ment.
Senses: examples: text: He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.
ref: 1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:
glosses: Something which ails one; a disease; sickness.
Derived terms: word: status ailment
sense: Synonym
word: complaint
madwoman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: madwomen
Etymology: From mad + -woman.
Senses: examples: text: but there seemed to be no reality in the whole scene except poor little Miss Flite, the madwoman, standing on a bench and nodding at it.
ref: 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:
text: A madwoman with cropped hair and staring eyes stumbled into the column just ahead of our party, shouted words no one could understand, and fled among the trees.
ref: 1983, Gene Wolfe, chapter XXVIII, in The Citadel of the Autarch (The Book of the New Sun; 4), New York: Timescape, →ISBN, page 232:
glosses: A woman who is insane or mentally disturbed.
madwomen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of madwoman
acrophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -əʊbiə
Forms: form: acrophobias
Etymology: From acro- + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: You know, being elevated to the position of Chairman has given me rather a bad attack of acrophobia.
ref: 1888, Association of American Railroads Accounting Division, Association of American Railroads, Accounting Division, Report of the Railway Accounting Officers:
text: But it's no place for anyone with acrophobia, what with its myriad drop-offs and switchbacks.
ref: 1956, Information Access Company, ProQuest Direct, Road and Track:
text: You know, acrophobia? I get nervous just standing this close to the edge.
ref: 2005, Kevin O'Brien, The Last Victim:
text: Acrophobia describes an intense fear of heights that can cause significant anxiety and panic.
ref: 2019 March 27, Understanding Acrophobia, or Fear of Heights:
text: The definition of acrophobia is, simply put, a phobia of heights.
ref: 2019 September 12, Rosemary Black, Acrophobia (The Fear of Heights): Are You Acrophobic?, archived from the original on 21 Apr 2024:
text: Acrophobia is an intense fear of heights. If a person has acrophobia, being high up or thinking about heights may cause them to have a panic attack.
ref: 2020 July 27, What to know about acrophobia:
text: Acrophobia is a persistent and intense fear of heights. People with acrophobia will experience panic and sudden anxiety in a variety of situations involving heights.
ref: 2021 March 3, Sarah Bence; Steven Gans, MD (medical reviewer), What Is Acrophobia?:
synonyms: altophobia
fear of heights
glosses: phobia or strong fear of being high above ground level
wikipedia: acrophobia
Related terms: batophobia
grep
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹɛp/
rhymes: -ɛp
Etymology: From an idiomatic command sequence in the qed and ed text editors: ‘g/re/p’, meaning: globally search for a regular expression and print.
Senses: glosses: A program which selects lines in a file which match a given pattern.
grep
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹɛp/
rhymes: -ɛp
Forms: form: greps
form: grepping
form: grepped
form: grepped
Etymology: From an idiomatic command sequence in the qed and ed text editors: ‘g/re/p’, meaning: globally search for a regular expression and print.
Senses: examples: text: You can't grep dead trees.
text: Running netstat and grepping for sshd will give a similar output to this: […]
ref: 2019, Kamesh Ganesan, Rithin Skaria, Frederik Vos, Hands-On Linux Administration on Azure […] , 2nd edition, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 293:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To use a program such as grep to search in a file.
glosses: To search anything (perhaps a paper document by eye).
Derived terms: greppable
anthophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -əʊbiə
Etymology: From antho- + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: He must be gaga to have forgotten what she said the last time about her strange anthophobia (somehow stemming from that debauche à trois thirty years ago). Roses she never liked anyway.
ref: 1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 435:
glosses: Fear of flowers.
greppable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɛ.pə.bəl/
Etymology: From grep + -able.
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: In a format suitable for searching with the program grep; able to be grepped.
raw_tags: of a file
Derived terms: ungreppable
claustrophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌklɔ.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/
ipa: /ˌklɒs.trəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/
rhymes: -əʊbiə
Forms: form: claustrophobias
Etymology: From Latin claustrum (“a shut-in place”), from Latin claudō (“I shut, close; I imprison, confine”) + -phobia. First attested in the British Medical Journal.
Senses: examples: text: The first scenes, which take place in a minitheater that keeps shrinking, will be painful for anyone with even a tinge of claustrophobia.
ref: 2007 June 16, Ben Brantley, “An Artist’s Look Back at Her Life, Now Ended”, in The New York Times:
text: (Editor’s note: Those who suffer from claustrophobia, kabourophobia, arachnophobia or thalassophobia are advised to skip the above trailer.)
ref: 2024 August 11, Andrew Torgan and Daniel Wine, “Start your week smart: Gymnast stripped of medal, Brazil plane crash, Trump campaign hack, fighting inside Russia”, in CNN:
glosses: The fear of closed, tight places.
Derived terms: claustrophobic
claustrophobe
inundation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: inundations
Etymology: From Old French inundacion (“flood”) (French inondation), from Latin inundatio (“flood”), form of inundō (“I flood, overflow”) (English inundate).
Senses: glosses: The act of inundating; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.
examples: text: Serious as was the flood damage in England, the bursting of some of the dykes on the coast of Holland resulted in an even more widespread and devastating inundation.
ref: 1953 April, “Devastation in Holland”, in Railway Magazine, page 217:
glosses: The state of being inundated; flooding.
examples: text: There is an inundation of tourists in summer, but in winter the town is almost deserted.
text: But he did not long abuse my patience, for the objects before him had now put him by all his, and, coming out with that formidable machine of his, he lets the fury loose, and pointing it directly to the pouting-lipt mouth, that bid him sweet defiance in dumb-shew, squeezes in the head, and, driving with refreshed rage, breaks in, and plugs up the whole passage of that soft pleasure-conduit, where he makes all shake again, and put, once more, all within me into such an uproar, as nothing could still but a fresh inundation from the very engine of those flames, as well as from all the springs with which nature floats that reservoir of joy, when risen to its flood-mark.
ref: 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:
english: Fanny Hill
translation: Fanny Hill
glosses: An overflowing or superfluous abundance; a flood; a great influx.
Related terms: inundate
invalidation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɪnˌvæl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: invalidations
Etymology: From in- + validation.
Senses: glosses: The act of invalidating, or the state of being invalidated
Derived terms: microinvalidation
inveterate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɛtəɹɪt/
ipa: /ɪnˈvetəɹɪt/
rhymes: -ɛtəɹɪt
Forms: form: inveterates
form: inveterating
form: inveterated
form: inveterated
Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1528, the verb in 1574; borrowed from Latin inveterātus (“of long standing, chronic”), perfect passive participle of inveterō and participial adjective (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in, into”) + veterō (“to age”), from vetus, veteris (“old”). Cognate with Italian inveterato, French invétéré.
Senses: examples: text: "the vulgar conceived that now there was an end given, and a consummation to superstitious prophecies, the belief of fools, but the talk sometimes of wise men, and to an ancient tacit expectation which had by tradition been infused and inveterated into men's minds."
ref: 1622, Francis Bacon, The History of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh:
text: "none of these Princes do use to maintaine any armies together, which are annex'd and inveterated with the governments of the provinces, as were the armies of the Roman Empire. "
ref: 1640, Edward Dacres, translation of The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli, Chapter XIX http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/15772
text: The foregoing elements of disunion are inveterated by the constituent formation of our national legislature. In the French chambers the members are all Frenchmen ; but our members of Congress are effectively Georgians, New-Yorkers, Carolinians, Pennsylvanians, &c.
ref: 1851 January, author unknown, "The Philosophy of the American Union, in The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, page 16
glosses: To fix and settle after a long time; to entrench.
Related terms: inveteration
veteran
vetustity
irreversible
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/
ipa: /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɝ.sə.bəl/
Etymology: From ir- + reversible.
Senses: examples: text: an irreversible engine
glosses: Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backwards.
examples: text: an irreversible sentence or decree
text: Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese[…]began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated. The poisoning was irreversible, and soon ended in psychosis and death.
ref: 2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884:
text: “Even under a variety of policies, including plastic product reduction, waste management, and environmental recycling, microplastic pollution is irreversible and escalating.”
ref: 2024 December 17, Lex Harvey, “Microplastics are choking our waters. Could a sponge made of squid bones help remove them?”, in CNN:
glosses: Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
thermodynamics
glosses: Incapable of being reversed to the original state without consumption of free energy and increase of entropy.
Derived terms: irreversibleness
irreversibly
thermoirreversible
Related terms: irreversibility
irradiation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˌɹeɪdiˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: irradiations
Etymology: From Middle French irradiacion, from Latin irradiatio. Morphologically irradiate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: An act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.
a process of sterilization whereby radiation is passed through a bag containing food, utensils, etc., to sterilize the contents.
glosses: An act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.
Synonym of radiotherapy.
synonyms: word: radiotherapy
glosses: illumination; irradiance; brilliance.
glosses: mental light or illumination.
glosses: The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, especially when a little out of focus.
Derived terms: chemoirradiation
irradiation illusion
irradiation sickness
microirradiation
photoirradiation
postirradiation
reirradiation
X-irradiation
Related terms: word: nonirradiating
word: unirradiated