cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
mandrake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmændɹeɪk/
Forms: form: mandrakes
Etymology: From Middle English mandrake, mandroke, an alteration of mandragora with the ending -dragora reinterpreted as related to dragon and replaced with native drake, from Old English mandragora, from Medieval Latin mandragorās, from Ancient Greek μανδραγόρας (mandragóras).
Senses: examples: text: [T]his is the true deſcription of the plant and therefore thoſe idle formes of the Mandrakes and Womandrakes, as they are fooliſhly ſo called, which have beene expoſed to publike view, both in ours and other lands and countries, are utterly deceitfull being the work of cunning knaves, onely to get mony by their forgery.
ref: 1640, John Parkinson, Theatrum Botanicvm: The Theatre of Plants, London, page 343:
text: Pharmaceutically tested in recent times, mandrake show aphrodisiac properties.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 144:
synonyms: mandragora
plant of Circe
glosses: Any plant of the genus Mandragora, certain of which are said to have medicinal or aphrodisiac properties; the root of these plants often resembles the shape of a small person, hence occasioning various mythic, magical, or occult uses.
examples: text: Mandrakes were sometimes considered in the light of familiars. Witches kept both male and female specimens of the magic root in bottles[.]
ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 75:
synonyms: mandragora
glosses: A root of a mandrake plant that resembled human form, especially one kept or used for magic or occult purposes.
synonyms: word: mandies
glosses: The drug methaqualone.
topics: arts
folklore
history
human-sciences
literature
media
publishing
sciences
synonyms: mandragora
glosses: A kind of tiny demon immune to fire.
Derived terms: American mandrake
mandrake apple
mandrakelike
mandrake root
mandrake shriek
mandrake wine
wild mandrake
womandrake
Related terms: mandragora
marchioness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑɹʃənɪs/
ipa: /mɑɹʃəˈnɛs/
Forms: form: marchionesses
form: marquise
Etymology: From Medieval Latin marchionissa, feminine form of marchion, from Late Latin marca, from Frankish *markōn (“to mark, mark out, to press with the foot”), from Proto-Germanic *markō (“area, region, edge, rim, border”).
Senses: examples: text: The first train over the bridge was driven by the Marchioness of Tweeddale, and the engine was No. 602 of the North British Railway Company.
ref: 1941 January, the late John Phillimore, “The Forth Bridge 1890-1940”, in Railway Magazine, page 5:
glosses: The wife of a marquess.
glosses: A woman holding the rank of marquess in her own right.
examples: text: The beauty and charm of the little marchioness and the tender hearted old colored man, with their mutual affection, forcibly remind the reader of "Uncle Tom" and "Eva."
ref: 1896, The Chautauquan, volume 22, page 382:
glosses: An old-fashioned maid-of-all-work; female servant.
Synonyms: marquise
mariachi
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɑɹ.iˈɑ.t͡ʃi/
ipa: /ˌmæɹiˈɑ.t͡ʃi/
Etymology: Borrowed from Mexican Spanish mariachi. The origin of the Spanish word is unclear. It has often been claimed to derive from French mariage (“marriage”), reputedly because the Europe-born Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (which France had invaded) encouraged the music to be played at weddings. However, new evidence shows the word to have been used prior to the French invasion. Most other theories suggest indigenous roots. See Wikipedia.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to a traditional form of Mexican music, either sung or purely instrumental.
glosses: Of or pertaining to a band playing such music, or to the singers of such songs.
mariachi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɑɹ.iˈɑ.t͡ʃi/
ipa: /ˌmæɹiˈɑ.t͡ʃi/
Forms: form: mariachis
Etymology: Borrowed from Mexican Spanish mariachi. The origin of the Spanish word is unclear. It has often been claimed to derive from French mariage (“marriage”), reputedly because the Europe-born Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (which France had invaded) encouraged the music to be played at weddings. However, new evidence shows the word to have been used prior to the French invasion. Most other theories suggest indigenous roots. See Wikipedia.
Senses: glosses: A traditional form of Mexican music, either sung or purely instrumental.
examples: text: At her first performance with an all-male mariachi, the oldest member said to the musical director,[…](No! I've never played with a woman; I'm not going to start now [my translation]).
ref: 2002, Leonor Xóchitl Pérez, “8: Transgressing the Taboo: A Chicana's Voice in the Mariachi World”, in Norma Elia Cantú, Olga Nájera-Ramírez, editors, Chicana Traditions: Continuity and Change, page 151:
text: 2004, "Mariachi," entry in Cordelia Candelaria, Peter J. García, Arturo J. Aldama (editors), Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture, Volume 2, page 520,
Today Plaza Garibaldi near the center of Mexico City is considered the home of mariachis, where mariachi musicians congregate in the plaza, waiting for patrons and tourists to audition them and invite them to perform. […] Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán has been considered the premier Mexican mariachi for nearly a century.
glosses: A group that plays mariachi music.
examples: text: The mariachis would serenade / and they would not shut up till they were paid.
ref: 1959, “In Old Mexico”, Tom Lehrer (music):
glosses: A member of such a group.
obtunded
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of obtund
obtunded
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more obtunded
form: most obtunded
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Far from alert or oriented to time and space, and exhibiting other signs of being confused, a state just short of frank delirium.
Derived terms: obtundedness
unobtunded
meatloaf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmiːt.ləʊf/
ipa: /ˈmit.loʊf/
rhymes: -iːtləʊf
Forms: form: meatloaves
form: meat loaf
Etymology: Compound of meat + loaf.
Senses: examples: text: For his meatloaf, he mixed the meat, eggs, chopped onion, breadcrumbs, tomato sauce and a can of beer according to the instructions, then diced in an apple he had lying around.
text: Meat Loaf.—Chop fine whatever cold meat you have, fat and lean together, add pepper, salt and finely chopped onion, two slices of bread which have been soaked in milk, and one egg mix well together and bake in form. This makes an admirable tea or breakfast dish.
ref: 1876, “Farm and Household. Selected Recipes.”, in The Grange Advance, Red Wing, Minn.:
glosses: A dish of ground meat (usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry and seafood are also used) formed into a loaf shape, mixed with egg and breadcrumbs, then baked or smoked, and usually served in slices.
wikipedia: meatloaf
Derived terms: beetloaf
meatless loaf
meatloafy
Related terms: poor man's steak
Salisbury steak
medaled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: medalled
Senses: examples: a medaled hero
glosses: Having received a medal.
medaled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: medalled
Senses: examples: text: She medaled three times in the last Olympics.
glosses: simple past and past participle of medal
medalist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈmɛdəlɪst/
Forms: form: medalists
form: medallist
Etymology: From medal + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: [A] skilled medalist and keen student of geography, Theophilus Lewis Barbauld had friends among the European intelligentsia and liberal nobility as well as potential patrons at the British court.
ref: 2008, William McCarthy, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Johns Hopkins, page 134:
glosses: An engraver, designer or maker of medals.
examples: text: Mark Spitz set a record as an Olympic gold medalist.
glosses: Someone who has received a medal.
Derived terms: bronze medalist
gold medalist
silver medalist
bola
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -əʊlə
Forms: form: bolas
Etymology: Probably from Spanish bola.
Senses: glosses: A throwing weapon made of weights on the ends of a cord.
Related terms: rola bola
meetinghouse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmitɪŋˌhaʊs/
Forms: form: meetinghouses
form: meeting house
form: meeting-house
Etymology: From meeting + house.
Senses: glosses: A building where people meet for a purpose.
glosses: A building where a Quaker congregation assembles for worship.
megalopolis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɛ.ɡəˈlɒ.pə.lɪs/
Forms: form: megalopolises
form: megalopoleis
form: megalopoli
Etymology: From megalo- (“great”) + -polis (“city”).
Senses: examples: text: The Eastern Seaboard megalopolis extends from New Hampshire to Alexandria, VA.
synonyms: megacity
hypernyms: metropolis
<
city
<
settlement
glosses: A large conurbation, where two or more large cities have sprawled outward to meet, forming something larger than a normal metropolis.
Derived terms: megalopolize
Related terms: metropolitan area
metropolis
marabaraba
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Morabaraba
Etymology: Shangaan: marabaraba
Senses: examples: We rest at the viewpoint after an easy hour of walking, and our guide teaches us some finer points of Marabaraba, a board game hastily drawn on a sandstone rock, with little stones for “cows”. https://web.archive.org/web/20060710035511/http://www.seelesotho.com/travel/cities/towns_menu.htm
The murals, themselves subject to the cycle of nature and life, are an impermanent art, requiring annual renewal because they are washed off by the rain. Some mural designs depict objects such as women's coiffure, initiation masks or the board for marabaraba, a popular game like checkers, van Wyk said. https://web.archive.org/web/20100627234800/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol20/vol20_iss6/record2006.17.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20061002050247/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/classroom/pages/guidelines-mapungubwe.htm
glosses: An African board game, still played regularly.
medicate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛdɪkeɪt/
Forms: form: medicates
form: medicating
form: medicated
form: medicated
Etymology: From Latin medicō (“heal, cure”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: glosses: To prescribe or administer medication to.
examples: text: I started to think of food as my friend instead of my foe. It medicates my body. Every bite of food I intake I think of how it is going to make me stronger and help all my organs function.
ref: 1998 September 7, Aimee Harms, “Change of heart”, in alt.support.eating-disord (Usenet):
text: I would just buy Claritin, or its generic equivalent Loratadine. It's non-drowsy, it's cheap, and it works. Yes, it medicates your whole system, but I don't know of any significant ill effects from that.
ref: 2008 March 18, Logan Shaw, “Antihistamine nasal spray over the counter?”, in misc.consumers.frugal-living (Usenet):
glosses: To have a medicinal or healing effect on a person, body part, or ailment; to act on.
raw_tags: of a substance
Derived terms: automedicate
medicative
nonmedicated
overmedicate
polymedicate
premedicate
premedicated
self-medicate
undermedicated
unmedicated
Related terms: medication
prescribe
glowing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈɡləʊɪŋ/
rhymes: -əʊɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of glow
Derived terms: glowingly
glowingness
nonglowing
unglowing
glowing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈɡləʊɪŋ/
rhymes: -əʊɪŋ
Forms: form: glowings
Senses: examples: text: The coldness having now arrived at its acme, or highest point of intensity, glowings of heat were perceived in the intervals between the rigors or successions. These glowings grew gradually stronger […]
ref: 1791, Robert Jackson, A Treatise on the Fevers of Jamaica, page 287:
glosses: The action of glowing.
glowing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈɡləʊɪŋ/
rhymes: -əʊɪŋ
Forms: form: more glowing
form: most glowing
Senses: examples: text: glowing embers
glosses: That glows or glow.
examples: text: He received glowing references from his previous employers.
text: I was told that they had no more work for me due to cutbacks. They'd hired me only two weeks before because they were understaffed. I found out from another publisher that they are looking for a new typesetter. They told him I was too slow. I typed 70 wpm and they were nothing but glowing about my work.
ref: 1981 February 14, Joanne Brown, quoting Sondra Corry, “Feminist Starts Uproar By Putting Up Sticker”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 29, page 3:
text: But beyond the quantitative imbalance, the researchers identified significant qualitative biases favoring Russia in the course descriptions. They looked for “superlatives” like “masterpiece,” “genius” and “great” used to describe Russian literature and culture. About 31% of Russian literature course descriptions contained such glowing language, compared to only 11% for non-Russian literature.
ref: 2023 December 29, Orysia Hrudka, “US academia still in thrall of “great Russia” myth”, in Euromaidan Press:
text: Nikkei reported other papers included text that said “do not highlight any negatives” and some gave more specific instructions on glowing reviews it should offer.
ref: 2025 July 14, Josh Taylor, “Scientists reportedly hiding AI text prompts in academic papers to receive positive peer reviews”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Full of praise.
Derived terms: glowing generality
glowing hot
Leonard
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛnɚd/
Forms: form: Larned
Etymology: From Old French Leonard, name of a 6th century Frankish saint, from Old High German leo (“lion”) or Old High German liut (“person”) and hart (“hard”). As a surname, also used as an anglicisation of Irish Ó Leannáin (Lennon).
Senses: examples: text: - - - save the delight of being called "Leo" by those whom the newspapers call "the leading fashionables", whereas, had he stuck to the city, he might still have been called only Leonard, like his father before him.
ref: 1844, Catherine Gore, The Birthright and Other Tales, Henry Colburn, published 1844, page 251:
text: "You want names, I'll give you names. My name is Leonard Alfred Schneider. What was I doing when I took the name Lenny Bruce? I was moving towards the invisible middle.
ref: 1997, Don DeLillo, Underworld, Simon&Schuster, published 1998, →ISBN, page 592:
glosses: A male given name from the Germanic languages.
glosses: A surname transferred from the given name.
glosses: A surname from Irish.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Oakland County, Michigan.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Clearwater County, Minnesota.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Shelby County, Missouri.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Cass County, North Dakota.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Tulsa County, Oklahoma.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city in Fannin County, Texas.
Derived terms: Leonardtown
St Leonards
St Leonard's
Related terms: word: Len
word: Lenny
word: Leo
word: Leon
he-man
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈhiː.mæn/
Forms: form: he-men
form: heman
Etymology: From he- + man.
Senses: examples: text: What's the matter with his talking so polite? Hell's bells, Harry, no harm in being polite. There's some regular he-men that are just as polite as women, prett' near.
ref: 1920, Sinclair Lewis, chapter XXIX, in Main Street: The Story of Carol Kennicott, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, →OCLC, section V, page 352:
text: 1970-1975, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
A lotta draggy party-type people there...girls all decked out & guys with he-man cologne on.
text: One of the better jokes arrives late into the movie, when Guy is forced to take on a brawny he-man doppelgänger—a planned addition to the game’s sequel—who the programmers haven’t finished scripting, and his unfinished dialogue is all placeholders.
ref: 2021 August 6, A. A. Dowd, “The Ryan Reynolds action-comedy Free Guy is a Truman Show for the Fortnite age”, in The A.V. Club:
glosses: A strong or virile man.
Synonyms: macho man
hypermasculine man
Románico
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹoʊˌmɑnɪt͡soʊ/
Etymology: From the Latin Latin romanice (“in the manner of the Romans”).
Senses: glosses: An artificial language composed of regularized source words common to the major Romance languages, created in 1991. It is closely related to Esperanto and Ido.
self-interest
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: self-interests
Etymology: From self- + interest.
Senses: examples: text: I cannot abandon my husband for the sake of self-interest and personal gain.
text: And so he reasoned until the first generous impulse to proclaim the truth and relinquish his titles and his estates to their rightful owner was forgotten beneath the mass of sophistries which self-interest had advanced.
ref: 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 99:
text: Corruption becomes fatal when those in power are no longer able to distinguish the difference between self-interest and the national interest.
ref: 2022 July 27, Charles Hugh Smith, There Won't Be Any Winners Because The Status Quo Is Corrupt Everywhere:
text: Government standards of decency and honesty were quite low, and decision-makers were tainted with self-interest and corruption at the very highest level.
ref: 2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 52:
hypernyms: interest
coordinate_terms: public interest
enlightened self-interest
glosses: One's personal interest or advantage, especially when pursued without regard for others.
Derived terms: broad self-interest
economic self-interest
enlightened self-interest
naked self-interest
narrow self-interest
Related terms: self-interested
self-interestedness
panhandle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpænˌhæn.dəl/
Forms: form: panhandles
Etymology: From pan + handle.
Senses: glosses: The handle of a pan.
topics: cartography
geography
natural-sciences
hypernyms: salient
glosses: An area within a nation or subnational division that appears to stick out or project when viewed on a map; an especially elongated salient.
examples: text: The Captain Keith Handscomb was the occupant of that ejector seat and the only survivor; his narrow escape was by just being able to reach the seat panhandle with his third and fourth fingers of his left hand.
ref: 2007, Roger Brooks, Handley Page Victor, volume 2:
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The handle that activates an ejector seat.
Derived terms: Alaskan Panhandle
Panhandle
panhandle track
panhandle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpænˌhæn.dəl/
Forms: form: panhandles
form: panhandling
form: panhandled
form: panhandled
Etymology: Probable back-formation from panhandler.
Senses: examples: text: I had a white cane, but I never used it. Once, alone and lost in downtown Washington, I unfolded it, immediately sweating as I felt hundreds of eyes shift onto me. A man who was panhandling grabbed me and showed me the way home.
ref: 2014 May 30, Will Butler, “The Mark of Cane”, in The New York Times Magazine:
glosses: To beg for money, especially with a container in hand for receiving loose change, especially on the street, and particularly, as a homeless or vagrant person.
glosses: To elicit; to attempt to obtain or provoke a certain response or answer.
biblicist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more biblicist
form: most biblicist
form: Biblicist
Etymology: Originated 1830–40 from Medieval Latin biblicus (Biblical) + -ist.
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, or characteristic of biblicism.
Synonyms: biblicistic
biblicist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: biblicists
form: Biblicist
Etymology: Originated 1830–40 from Medieval Latin biblicus (Biblical) + -ist.
Senses: glosses: A Biblical scholar or expert (Bible scholar or expert).
glosses: One who interprets the Bible literally.
Synonyms: biblist
panhandler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæn.hænd.lə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: panhandlers
Etymology: Obscure. Speculative. Panhandling always seems to involve a container for receiving loose change, so perhaps the term refers to a small handled pan, or to the container as the pan and the arm(s) holding it as the handle.
Alternatively, possibly from the notion that the shape of one's outstretched arm in relation to a seated or squatting beggar brings to mind the image of a panhandle.
Senses: glosses: One who panhandles; an urban beggar who typically stands on a street with an outstretched container in hand, begging for loose change or money.
pantyliner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpæntiˈlaɪnə/
Forms: form: pantyliners
form: pantiliner
Etymology: From panty + liner.
Senses: glosses: A pad worn on the inner surface of women's underpants, up against the vulva, during a low-flow day of the menstrual period, designed to absorb small, spotty quantities of menstrual fluid, in contrast to a tampon or sanitary napkin, worn on heavy-flow days.
glosses: A similar product designed to absorb urine for women with light bladder leakage.
Synonyms: panty shield
clarion
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklæ.ɹɪ.ən/
ipa: /ˈklæ.ɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˈklɛ-/
rhymes: -æɹiən
Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English clarion, clarioun (“trumpet with a narrow tube and a shrill sound, clarion; clarion player”) [and other forms], from Old French claron, clarïon (“clarion”) [and other forms], from Medieval Latin clāriōn, clario, clārōn (“clarion; trumpet”), from Latin clārus (“audible; clear, distinct, loud; (visually) bright, clear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, summon; to cry”).
The adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.
Senses: examples: text: her clarion top notes
text: And loud that clarion voice replied / Excelsior!
ref: 1841 September 28 (date written), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[Miscellaneous.] Excelsior.”, in Ballads and Other Poems, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1842, →OCLC, stanza 4, page 130:
text: Clay Hilley brought vocal heft, clarion sound and stamina to the role, though there were stretches where his voice sounded strained, understandably so, given the demands.
ref: 2017 July 31, Anthony Tommasini, “Review: Flawed but Fascinating Dvorak Opera in a Rare Staging”, in New York Times:
text: The clarion immediacy of Van Gogh’s painting was echoed by his prose.
ref: 2021 March 24, Sebastian Smee, “Van Gogh’s astonishing masterpiece”, in Washington Post:
glosses: Of a sound, a voice, a message, etc.: brilliantly clear.
paperweight
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: paperweights
form: paper-weight
Etymology: From paper + weight.
Senses: examples: text: The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.
ref: 2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:
glosses: A small, decorative, somewhat weighty object placed on one or more pieces of paper to keep them from fluttering away.
examples: text: John used his coffee mug as a paperweight.
glosses: Any object used for this purpose.
glosses: A useless piece of equipment.
sawhorse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɔː.hɔː(ɹ)s/
ipa: /ˈsɔ.hɔɹs/
Forms: form: sawhorses
Etymology: From saw + horse.
Senses: examples: text: The sit-in Monday began around 9 a.m. after a spirited march through the financial district […] Though police had set up sawhorses at all five entrances to the Stock Exchange, women sat down in the pathways left open by police and attempted to talk with stock traders and others as they stepped over, or pushed through, blockaders.
ref: 1984 December 8, Loie Hayes, “Lesbians, Feminists Take It To Wall Street”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 21, page 3:
synonyms: sawbuck
saw-stool
saw-trestle
glosses: A structure with a crosspiece used to support timber or other material for working.
papier-mâché
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpapɪ.eɪ ˈmaʃeɪ/
ipa: /ˌpeɪpɚ məˈʃeɪ/
rhymes: -æʃeɪ
rhymes: -eɪ
Etymology: Borrowed from French papier mâché (literally “chewed-up paper”). See French papier and mâcher, related to the English words paper and masticate, respectively.
Senses: examples: text: She sat completely alone at the very back of the sea-themed restaurant, amid papier-mâché starfish and plastic shrimp.
ref: 2002, Zadie Smith, The Autograph Man, Penguin Books (2003), page 236:
glosses: Torn-up paper and other possible materials mixed with paste or glue used to create, when the mass is dried, a durable sculptural object.
Hyponyms: carton-pierre
Related terms: collage
decoupage
papier-mâché
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpapɪ.eɪ ˈmaʃeɪ/
ipa: /ˌpeɪpɚ məˈʃeɪ/
rhymes: -æʃeɪ
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: papier-mâchés
form: papier-mâchéing
form: papier-mâchéd
form: papier-mâchéd
form: papier-mâchéed
form: papier-mâchéed
Etymology: Borrowed from French papier mâché (literally “chewed-up paper”). See French papier and mâcher, related to the English words paper and masticate, respectively.
Senses: examples: text: I have had it rebuilt, papier-mâchéd inside and otherwise repaired through the years.
ref: 1954, Emmett Kelly, F[rancis] Beverly Kelley, Clown, page 116:
text: When the bodies of the fish were finished, fins were cut from cardboard to the desired shapes, pinned with straight pins to the fish, and papier-mâchéd in place.
ref: 1959, SchoolArts, page 21:
text: In a giddy moment they had also papier-mâchéd the legs of the card table.
ref: 1990, Sarah Ellis, Next-Door Neighbors, New York, N.Y.: Margaret K. McElderry Books, →ISBN, page 78:
text: I instead constructed ‘shelves’ inside Roy’s stomach, made from mesh, which I then also papier mâchéd.
ref: 2016, Isy Suttie, The Actual One: How I Tried, and Failed, to Remain Twenty-Something for Ever, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, →ISBN:
text: I papier-mâchéed the entire volcano, constructed the tiny town out of toothpicks, and doublechecked the calculations to make sure it’s all to scale.
ref: 2019, Annabeth Bondor-Stone, Connor White, Jaclyn Hyde, HarperCollins, →ISBN:
text: Then he taped another cardboard tube on and papier-mâchéd it.
ref: 2020, Nancy Snyder, Lions for Ajax, Shepherd Press, →ISBN:
glosses: To apply papier-mâché to.
papilla
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈpɪl.ə/
rhymes: -ɪlə
Forms: form: papillae
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin papilla (“a nipple, teat”).
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: A nipple-like protuberance on a part or organ of the body.
A vascular process of connective tissue extending into and nourishing the root of a hair, feather, or developing tooth.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: A nipple-like protuberance on a part or organ of the body.
Any of the vascular protuberances of the dermal layer of the skin extending into the epidermal layer and often containing tactile corpuscles.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: A nipple-like protuberance on a part or organ of the body.
Any of the small protuberances on the upper surface of the tongue often containing taste buds.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A small fleshy projection on a plant.
Derived terms: ileal papilla
micropapilla
papillitis
papillotomy
papillule
urogenital papilla
Related terms: papillar
papillary
papillate
papillectomy
papilliferous
papilliform
papilloma
papillomatous
parathion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /pæɹəˈθaɪɒn/
Forms: form: parathions
Etymology: From para- (“p-”) + -thion.
Senses: glosses: An organophosphorus insecticide acaricide, [O,O-diethyl-O-4-nitro-phenylthiophosphate], a powerful, dangerously toxic insecticide.
Derived terms: methyl parathion
parathion methyl
parliamentarian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɑːləmənˈtɛəɹiən/
ipa: /ˌpɑːləmənˈtɛːɹiən/
ipa: /ˌpɑɹləmənˈtɛɹiən/
ipa: /ˌpɐːləmənˈteːɹiən/
Forms: form: parliamentarians
form: Parliamentarian
Etymology: From parliament + -arian.
Senses: synonyms: member of parliament
MP
deputy
congressman
glosses: A member of a parliament, congress or an elected national legislative body of another name.
glosses: A person well-versed in parliamentary procedure.
glosses: An officer in most legislative bodies charged with being well-versed in the parliamentary rules of that legislative house, and whose rulings are taken as authoritative, to be appealed only to the whole of the house itself under special rules.
Derived terms: street parliamentarian
parliamentarian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɑːləmənˈtɛəɹiən/
ipa: /ˌpɑːləmənˈtɛːɹiən/
ipa: /ˌpɑɹləmənˈtɛɹiən/
ipa: /ˌpɐːləmənˈteːɹiən/
Forms: form: more parliamentarian
form: most parliamentarian
form: Parliamentarian
Etymology: From parliament + -arian.
Senses: examples: text: a parliamentarian democracy; the parliamentarian movement
text: 1946, Office of United States Chief Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Washington, Volume 1, citing Wilhelm Frick,
Our participation in the parliament does not indicate a support, but rather an undermining of the parliamentarian system.
synonyms: parliamentary
glosses: Of or relating to a parliament; favouring the establishment of a parliament.
examples: text: [...] Deputies were sent with Commissions into all the Counties; and the Parliamentarian Rebels by force and their own authority, invade the Militia, which they could not obtain from the King by petitioning.
ref: 1685, George Bate, Elenchus Motuum Nuperorum in Anglia, or, A Short Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of the Late Troubles in England, London, page 41:
text: But while he continued there, he shew’d himself a Dunce, a Tale-bearer to the Parliamentarian Visitors that then acted in the University, and a factious person.
ref: 1692, Anthony Wood, Athenæ Oxonienses, volume 2, London: Thomas Bennet, page 291:
text: The Scotch and parliamentarian army had joined, and were beſieging York; when prince Rupert, joined by the marquis of Newcaſtle, determined to raiſe the ſiege.
ref: 1771, [Oliver] Goldsmith, “Charles I. (Continued.)”, in The History of England, from the Earliest Times to the Death of George II. […], volume III, London: […] T[homas] Davies, […]; [T.] Becket and [P. A.] De Hondt; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 271:
text: There were large regions which were very decidedly royalist, others almost as distinctly parliamentarian [...]
ref: 1895, Hereford Brooke George, chapter 9, in Battles of English History,, London: Methuen, page 128:
glosses: Of or relating to the Parliamentarians (supporters of the parliament during the English Civil War (1642–1651)).
Derived terms: antiparliamentarian
parliamentarianism
parterre
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɑːˈtɛə/
ipa: /pɑːɹˈtɛɚ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Forms: form: parterres
Etymology: Borrowed from French parterre (“on the ground”), from par (“on”) + terre (“ground”).
Senses: examples: text: The window opened towards a most lovely garden, whose smooth turf and gorgeous parterres swept down to the river.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Sir Robert Walpole and House”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 238:
topics: agriculture
business
horticulture
lifestyle
glosses: A flowerbed, particularly an elevated one.
examples: text: Parham House, near Pulborough in West Sussex, has a four-acre walled garden that was restored in the Twenties and has been maintained at a high level ever since. It is divided into four areas, one of which is filled by the cut-flower borders and a box-enclosed parterre. […] It is traditional in a parterre to mix flowers and veg, but this relaxed jungle of productive plants, packed in tight together, is lusher and more beautiful than the more usual Villandry style, where single or pairs of plants are used.
ref: 2015 August 29, Sarah Raven, “The stately home garden where you can pick-and-eat all summer [print version: Pick-and-eat planting for the modern parterre, page 5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 03 Sep 2015:
topics: agriculture
business
horticulture
lifestyle
glosses: A garden with paths between such flowerbeds.
examples: text: That was Selwyn's first encounter with the Ruthvens. A short time afterward at the opera Gerald dragged him into a parterre to say something amiable to one of the amiable débutante Craig girls—and Selwyn found himself again facing Alixe.
ref: 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
glosses: A part of the section of theater seats located on the ground floor, on the same level as the orchestra.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
glosses: A part of the section of theater seats located on the ground floor, on the same level as the orchestra.
The part of the ground-floor section nearest the orchestra and the stage; the stalls.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
glosses: A part of the section of theater seats located on the ground floor, on the same level as the orchestra.
The part of the ground-floor section behind the stalls and underneath the galleries; the pit.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
glosses: That part of a theater audience seated in the parterre, sometimes regarded as belonging to a lower social class.
glosses: An apartment balcony.
Derived terms: parterred
passbook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: passbooks
Etymology: From pass + book.
Senses: topics: banking
business
glosses: A customer's record of deposits and withdrawals from a savings account or current account at a bank, typically recorded in a small booklet. The bank keeps its own record, which is final in any dispute.
examples: text: Mr Campbell Swinston.—Supposing there were no stronger reason than that against the continuance of grocers' licences, could not that evil be very easily put an end to by making a single false entry in the passbook the ground for forfeiting the grocer's certificate?
ref: 1878, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Papers, volume 26, page 254:
glosses: A book that passes between a trader and a customer, used to record credit purchases.
glosses: A kind of internal passport used during apartheid to limit the movements of citizens outside of their homelands or designated areas.
pastern
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæstən/
ipa: /ˈpæstɜːn/
ipa: /ˈpæstəɹn/
Forms: form: pasterns
Etymology: From Middle English pastron, pastroun, pasturne, from Old French pasturon, diminutive of pasture (“shackle for a horse in pasture”), from Vulgar Latin pastōriā.
Senses: examples: text: It was quite impossible to ride over the deeply-ploughed field; the earth bore only where there was still a little ice, in the thawed furrows the horse's legs sank in above its pasterns.
ref: 1918, Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude (Oxford 1998), page 158
text: Below me, somewhere in the horse-lines, stood Cockbird, picketed to a peg in the ground by a rope which was already giving him a sore pastern.
ref: 1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin, published 2013, page 227:
glosses: The part of a horse's leg between the fetlock joint and the hoof.
glosses: A shackle for horses while pasturing.
examples: text: Upright he walks, on pasterns firm and straight;
His motions easy; prancing in his gait
So straight she walk'd, and on her pasterns high.
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: A patten.
paternoster
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑːtəˌnɒstə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈpɑtəɹˌnɔstɚ/
ipa: /-ˌnɑstɚ/
Forms: form: paternosters
Etymology: From Middle English paternoster, pater noster, from Old English Paternoster, from Latin Pater noster (“our father”) (the first two words of the Oratio Dominica (“the Lord's prayer”)), from pater (“father”) + noster (“our”). The lift and the fishing equipment are named from their resemblance to a rosary.
Senses: examples: text: The friar had said his paternosters duly
ref: c. 1920, John Crowe Ransom, Necrological:
topics: Christianity
glosses: The Lord's Prayer, especially in a Roman Catholic context.
glosses: A slow, continuously moving lift or elevator consisting of a loop of open-fronted cabins running the height of a building.
topics: architecture
glosses: A bead-like ornament in mouldings.
examples: text: A paternoster is any style of hook rig where the hook(s) are on droppers above a fixed sinker. One or two hooks are used on a paternoster rig. The droppers are tied using dropper loops tied directly in the line. The twisted dropper is an ideal knot as it stands out at right angles to the line.
ref: 2011, Jamin Forbes, “Tackle”, in Cod Cod Cod, Croydon, Vic.: Australian Fishing Network, →ISBN, page 56:
text: In plain terms, the paternoster is a rig with the weight at the bottom and hook traces (sometimes called snoods by sea anglers) attached above in fixed positions. Besides a tidy presentation, this arrangement allows the sea angler to try more than one bait and you'll often find paternosters with two hooks (or even three or four). Effectively this allows us to hedge our bets and try more baits (which could be the same or different types), thereby increasing the scent and attraction.
ref: 2012, Peter Kaminsky, Greg Schwipps, Dominic Garnett, Fishing for Dummies, UK edition, Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN:
text: PATERNOSTER TWIN This rig is slightly more complicated than the single paternoster, however this rig has the added advantage of having two hooks, these can be different sizes and be baited with different baits.
ref: 2016, D[avid] A. Weaver, Sea Angling Rig Book, rev. edition, [s.l.]: M. P. Dawn Publications:
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: A tackle rig with a heavy sinker at the end of the line, and one or more hooks on traces at right angles spaced above the sinker.
topics: Christianity
hypernyms: prayer beads
coordinate_terms: rosary[Appendix:Glossary#broadly|broadly]] synonymous>
glosses: A string of beads used in counting prayers that are said.
examples: Holonyms: rosary; prayer beads
topics: Christianity
hypernyms: prayer bead
glosses: Every eleventh bead in a rosary, at which, while counting the beads, the Lord's Prayer is to be repeated.
topics: Christianity
glosses: A medieval artisan who crafted rosary beads or prayer nuts.
examples: Near-synonyms: nostrum, nostrum remedium
glosses: A patent medicine, so named because salesmen would pray the Lord's Prayer over it before selling it.
Derived terms: paternosterer
paternoster lake
paternoster pump
paternoster wheel
paternoster while
paternoster
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑːtəˌnɒstə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈpɑtəɹˌnɔstɚ/
ipa: /-ˌnɑstɚ/
Forms: form: paternosters
form: paternostering
form: paternostered
form: paternostered
Etymology: From Middle English paternoster, pater noster, from Old English Paternoster, from Latin Pater noster (“our father”) (the first two words of the Oratio Dominica (“the Lord's prayer”)), from pater (“father”) + noster (“our”). The lift and the fishing equipment are named from their resemblance to a rosary.
Senses: topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: To try to catch (fish, etc.) with a paternoster rig.
patriarchate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪtɹiɑːkət/
ipa: /ˈpætɹiɑːkət/
ipa: /ˈpeɪtɹiˌɑɹkət/
ipa: /ˈpeɪtɹiˌɑɹkeɪt/
Forms: form: patriarchates
Etymology: From Middle French patriarcat, from Old French patriarcat, from Medieval Latin patriarchatus, from Ancient Greek πατριάρχης (patriárkhēs, “patriarch”). By surface analysis, patriarch + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it, a body of people involved with it).
Senses: examples: text: The rise of the patriarchate saw the overpowering of the female goddess by the male god. The moon-god gave place to the sun-god. The tables were turned with a vengeance. Not only was the male granted a share in the phenomenon of generation; he was given the main share.
ref: 1941, George Ryley Scott, Phallic Worship: A History of Sex and Sex Rites in Relation to the Religions of All Races from Antiquity to the Present Day, London: T. Werner Laurie, page 18:
glosses: A patriarchal system or community.
examples: The patriarchate of Pope John Paul II as Patriarch of the West was more than 25 years.
topics: Christianity
glosses: The term of office of a Christian patriarch.
examples: The Patriarchate of Constantinople has primacy over the whole of the Orthodox world.
glosses: The office or ecclesial jurisdiction of such a patriarch.
examples: The Latin patriarchate in Jerusalem is, by modern standards, a very cramped space.
glosses: The office-space occupied by a patriarch and his staff.
Related terms: matriarchate
patrolman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: patrolmen
Etymology: From patrol + -man.
Senses: examples: text: On September 9, when a solitary Japanese patrolman tried to curtail the work of five Taiwanese who were cutting trees from a windbreak (in Anting settlement, Sinhua district), the accused responded "Taiwan is not Japan's land. Why are you stopping us?"
ref: 2006, Ping-hui Liao, David Der-wei Wang, Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895–1945, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=pHlwcjwt7fEC&pg=PT391:
glosses: A police officer, especially a junior officer assigned patrol duty instead of detection or supervision.
patroon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈtɹuːn/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: patroons
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch patroon (“patron saint; boss”), from Middle Dutch patroon, from Latin patrōnus (“protector; patron”). Doublet of padrone, patron, Patronus, and pattern.
Senses: examples: text: Dr. Tucker accompanied us on our return; and we made a call on General Van Rensselaer. He is the Patroon, or Lord of the Manor here; and is considered the greatest landholder in the United States.
ref: 1835, Andrew Reed, James Matheson, “Letter XIX”, in A Narrative of the Visit to the American Churches, by the Deputation from the Congregational Union of England and Wales. … In Two Volumes, volume I, New York, N.Y.: Published by Harper & Brothers, No. 82 Cliff-Street, →OCLC, page 222:
text: In the United States the labourer is a freeman, lives on good substance, and being an honest man, neither fears nor envies the richest patroon about him.
ref: 1844, “a citizen of Pennsylvania” [pseudonym; J. Churchman], A Few Plain Facts, Addressed to the People of Pennsylvania, 3rd enl. edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: J. Crissy, printer, No. 4 Minor Street, →OCLC, page 3:
text: One of the earliest “schools” of American painting, the Hudson Valley patroon painters, has often been considered to have derived from seventeenth-century English portraiture. Portraits of English aristocrats appeared to Dutch patroons as displays of the kind of social status they aspired to in their new country. […] Frequently overlooked in the discussion of the appeal of British portraiture to Dutch patroons is the fact that English portraiture of the seventeenth century was, in fact, a direct descendant of the Netherlandish portrait tradition.
ref: 2008, Louisa Wood Ruby, “Dutch Art and the Hudson Valley Patroon Painters”, in Joyce D[iane] Goodfriend, Benjamin Schmidt, Annette Stott, editors, Going Dutch: The Dutch Presence in America, 1609–2009 (The Atlantic World), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 27:
text: Unlike other American colonies, New Netherland was founded as a commercial venture, but the Dutch West India Company soon realized that it needed people to exploit its investment. […] Jeweler Killiaen Van Rensselaer, a company founder, came up with a solution: the patroon system. Established in 1629, it granted near-feudal rights to any wealthy merchant – or patroon – who agreed to populate the valley. In exchange for taking on the costs of establishing mini-colonies of 48 or more settlers, the patroons were allowed to negotiate with the Indians for the purchase of huge tracts of land, which by law would remain in their families forever.
ref: 2008, Reed Sparling, “A Novel Way of Colonizing: The Patroon System”, in Hudson Valley Voyage: Through the Seasons, through the Years, Fishkill, N.Y.: Involvement Media, →ISBN, page 21:
glosses: One of the landowning Dutch grandees of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, especially after it became a British possession renamed as New York.
wikipedia: Capital District
Manor of Rensselaerswyck
New Netherland
New York
Derived terms: patroonry
patroonship
Related terms: patron
reverb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːˌvɜː(ɹ)b/
ipa: /ˈɹiːˌvɜː(ɹ)b/
ipa: /ɹiːˈvɜː(ɹ)b/
Etymology: Clipping of reverberation.
Senses: examples: text: The band is starting, something lonesome, off-key, and drowning in reverb.
ref: 2020, Brandon Taylor, Real Life, Daunt Books Originals, page 265:
qualifier: audio effects
glosses: An electronic effect which simulates echoes or reverberations in the sound signal being processed.
Related terms: plate reverb
reverb plate
spring reverb
reverb
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːˌvɜː(ɹ)b/
ipa: /ˈɹiːˌvɜː(ɹ)b/
ipa: /ɹiːˈvɜː(ɹ)b/
Forms: form: reverbs
form: reverbing
form: reverbed
form: reverbed
Etymology: Clipping of reverberation.
Senses: examples: text: low sounds Reverb no hollowness
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
glosses: To echo.
examples: text: If the recording is misequalized, overmiked , or poorly reverbed, the C/II will expose these faults.
ref: 1988, High Fidelity - Volume 38, Issue 2, page 28:
glosses: To apply a reverb (electronic echo effect) to.
gay blade
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gay blades
Senses: glosses: A dashing swordsman.
examples: text: At college he was a gay blade who played the guitar or one of the instruments for the accompaniment of song.
ref: 1941, Jonathan Daniels, Tar Heels: A Portrait of North Carolina:
text: He's feeling very low now because he was sixty years old the other day. And you know- you know how Bebe [is]- I said Bebe, you can't talk about being a young gay blade anymore.
ref: 1973, Richard Nixon, “WHT 035-067”, in Nixon White House tapes:
glosses: A dashing youth.
hieroglyphics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: A change came o'er the spirit of Don Henriquez' dream; from political he turned scientific; and his superabundant activity found ample employment in deciphering the Egyptian hieroglyphics.
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Last Chapter”, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 329:
glosses: plural of hieroglyphic