cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
turn over
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: turns over
form: turning over
form: turned over
form: turned over
Etymology: to turn + over
Senses: examples: text: The family feeling was intensified as we stopped to speak to mothers in the cottage gardens, or waved to distant tractors turning over chocolate-brown furrows and driven by 'my dad' or 'my Uncle Bob'.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 217:
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see turn, over.
examples: text: Turn over the box and look at the bottom.
text: The brakes were applied immediately, but the engine ran into a sand drag at approximately 20 m.p.h., plunged down the embankment, and turned over on its side at the bottom.
ref: 1952 October, “Notes and News: Derailment near Shawford”, in Railway Magazine, page 710:
glosses: To flip over; to rotate uppermost to bottom.
examples: text: They turned over the evidence to the authorities.
glosses: To relinquish; give back.
examples: text: But what is to be done with our manufacturing population […] This one thing, of doing for them by ‘underselling all people,’ and filling our own bursten pockets and appetites by the road; and turning over all care for any ‘population,’ or human or divine consideration except cash only, to the winds, with a “Laissez-faire” and the rest of it: this is evidently not the thing.
ref: 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. IX, Working Aristocracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
glosses: To transfer.
examples: text: They can turn over about three hundred units per hour.
glosses: To produce, complete, or cycle through.
examples: text: The business turned over £1m last year.
topics: business
glosses: To generate (a certain amount of money from sales).
examples: text: Thus they dwelled for nearly a year, and in that time Robin Hood often turned over in his mind many means of making an even score with the Sheriff
ref: 1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:
glosses: To mull, ponder
glosses: To spin the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine using the starter or hand crank in an attempt to make it run.
examples: text: The Giants didn't turn the ball over in their last four games.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To give up control (of the ball and thus the ability to score).
examples: text: I've turned over the whole place, but I still can't find my glasses.
text: Thieves turned over the apartment while the owners were away on holiday.
glosses: To cause extensive disturbance or disruption to (a room, storage place, etc.), e.g. while searching for an item, or ransacking a property.
Related terms: turn over a new leaf
turn over in one's grave
turnover
turn in
hand over
spam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspæm/
ipa: [ˈspeəm]
rhymes: -æm
Forms: form: spams
form: Spam
form: SPAM
Etymology: The original sense (canned ham) is a proprietary name registered by Geo. A. Hormel & Co. in U.S., 1937. It is presumed to be a conflation of either "spiced ham" or "shoulder of pork and ham" but was soon extended to other kinds of canned meat. Hormel spells the trademarked name in all upper case.
The use for unsolicited and unwanted email derives from a Monty Python's Flying Circus sketch. In the 1970 sketch, a group of Vikings in a restaurant repeatedly chant the word "spam". The earliest recorded real-life use for this sense occurs around 1993 which finds reference in a newsgroup post dated March 31, 1993.
The term appears to have been used earlier in a different sense in relation to "Multi-User Dungeons" (MUDs), a kind of multi-user computer gaming environment before widespread use of the Internet, in the 1980s.
Senses: examples: text: I get far too much spam.
text: I received 58 spams yesterday.
text: In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result. If the bumf arrived electronically, the take-up rate was 0.1%. And for online adverts the “conversion” into sales was a minuscule 0.01%. That means about $165 billion was spent not on drumming up business, but on annoying people, creating landfill and cluttering spam filters.
ref: 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: junk mail
antonyms: ham
coordinate_terms: bacn
glosses: Unsolicited bulk electronic messages.
examples: text: An Act to provide for the control of spam, which is unsolicited commercial communications sent in bulk by electronic mail or by text or multi-media messaging to mobile telephone numbers, and to provide for matters connected therewith.
ref: Long title, Spam Control Act (Cap. 311A, R. Ed. 2008)
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Any undesired electronic content automatically generated for commercial purposes.
glosses: Excessive, often unwanted and repeated online messages.
glosses: Ellipsis of spam account.
topics: video-games
glosses: A large quantity or multitude of anything done repetitively or considered unusually or indiscriminately repetitive.
glosses: A type of tinned meat made mainly from ham.
Hyponyms: blogspam
link spam
log spam
referrer spam
social spam
spam killer
spam musubi
spam relay
Meronyms: e-mail
email
Derived terms: ghost spam
hailstorm spam
referral spam
snowshoe spam
spambot
spamdexing
spam in a can
spammer
spamming
spammy
spamsilog
spamvertisement
spamvertiser
spamvertising
spamvertizement
spamwich
spam
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspæm/
ipa: [ˈspeəm]
rhymes: -æm
Forms: form: spams
form: spamming
form: spammed
form: spammed
form: Spam
form: SPAM
Etymology: The original sense (canned ham) is a proprietary name registered by Geo. A. Hormel & Co. in U.S., 1937. It is presumed to be a conflation of either "spiced ham" or "shoulder of pork and ham" but was soon extended to other kinds of canned meat. Hormel spells the trademarked name in all upper case.
The use for unsolicited and unwanted email derives from a Monty Python's Flying Circus sketch. In the 1970 sketch, a group of Vikings in a restaurant repeatedly chant the word "spam". The earliest recorded real-life use for this sense occurs around 1993 which finds reference in a newsgroup post dated March 31, 1993.
The term appears to have been used earlier in a different sense in relation to "Multi-User Dungeons" (MUDs), a kind of multi-user computer gaming environment before widespread use of the Internet, in the 1980s.
Senses: examples: text: Transformed by programming ineptitude into a monster of Frankenstein proportions, it broke loose on the night of March 31, 1993 and proceeded to spam news.admin.policy with something on the order of 200 messages in which it attempted, and failed, to cancel its own messages.
ref: 1993 March 31, Joel Furr, “ARMM: ARMM: >>>>Ad Infinitum”, in alt.folklore.computers (Usenet), message-ID <d5SlxvmhmNwJ>:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To send spam (i.e. unsolicited electronic messages.)
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To send spam (i.e. unsolicited electronic messages) to a person or entity.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To send messages repeatedly, often with disruptive effect; to flood.
examples: text: Stop spamming that special attack!
text: Spam the Z key to get a speed boost.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
video-games
glosses: To do something rapidly and repeatedly.
Related terms: urls: http://www.spam.com
word: Official SPAM home page
propolis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɒ.pə.lɪs/
ipa: /ˈpɹɑ.pə.lɪs/
Etymology: From Latin propolis, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek πρόπολις (própolis, “suburb; propolis”) (apparently because the material was used by bees to extend their hives), from Ancient Greek προ- (pro-, “pro-”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).
Senses: synonyms: bee glue
sour honey
glosses: An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.
Derived terms: propolize
honeybee
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: honeybees
Etymology: From honey + bee.
Senses: examples: text: In his new animated film, Jerry Seinfeld plays Barry B. Benson, a wisecracking, moony-eyed, charmingly petulant New York honeybee who doesn't want to spend his days as a worker bee stuck on the honeymaking assembly line.
ref: 2007 November 13, Natalie Angier, “In Hollywood Hives, the Males Rule”, in The New York Times:
text: The bees’ cubital index, a method for differentiating breeds of honeybees, also confirmed they are “more of an indigenous bee” than anything else, he said, but their adaptations have made them unique and peculiar, and they have very little banding. “Supposedly, wild tree-nesting honeybees which can sustain themselves do not exist, so nobody knows what type of wild, self-sustaining honeybee is actually left in the UK.”
ref: 2021 November 7, Donna Ferguson, “‘No one knew they existed’: wild heirs of lost British honeybee found at Blenheim”, in The Guardian Online:
glosses: Alternative form of honey bee.
kibi-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɪbɪ-/
ipa: /ˈkɪbi/
rhymes: -ɪbi
Etymology: Blend of kilo- + binary.
Senses: related: word: mul:Ki-
word: ;
word: mul:ki-
word: mul:k-
word: mul:K-
coordinate_terms: kilo-
mul:k-
glosses: The IEC prefix meaning 2¹⁰ = 1024.
wikipedia: binary prefix
mebi-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛbɪ-/
ipa: /ˈmɛbi/
rhymes: -ɛbi
Etymology: Blend of mega- + binary.
Senses: glosses: The IEC prefix meaning 2²⁰ = 1,024² = 1,048,576. Compare to mega-, meaning 10⁶ = 1,000² = 1,000,000, a million.
wikipedia: binary prefix
gibi-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɪbɪ-/
ipa: /ˈɡɪbi/
rhymes: -ɪbi
Etymology: Blend of giga- + binary.
Senses: related: word: mul:Gi-
synonyms: giga-
coordinate_terms: giga-
mul:G-
glosses: The IEC prefix meaning 2³⁰ = 1,024³ = 1,073,741,824.
wikipedia: binary prefix
tebi-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɛbɪ-/
ipa: /ˈtɛbi/
rhymes: -ɛbi
Etymology: Blend of tera- + binary.
Senses: related: word: mul:Ti-
synonyms: mul:T-
tera-
glosses: The IEC prefix meaning 2⁴⁰ = 1,024⁴ = 1,099,511,627,776.
wikipedia: binary prefix
fathom
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfað(ə)m/
ipa: /ˈfæðəm/
ipa: /ˈfædəm/
Forms: form: fathoms
form: fathoming
form: fathomed
form: fathomed
Etymology: From Middle English fathmen, fadmen (“to encircle (something) with the arms, embrace; to feel, grope; to measure by the ell (or perhaps the fathom)”) [and other forms], from Old English fæðmian, from Proto-Germanic *faþmōjan, from *faþm (“outstretched arms, embrace; fathom (unit of measurement)”): see further at etymology 1.
Cognates
* Old High German fademōn
* Old Norse faþma (Danish favne (“to embrace”), Icelandic to embrace, hug; to cuddle, Swedish famna)
Senses: glosses: To measure the depth of (water); to take a sounding of; to sound.
glosses: To encircle (someone or something) with outstretched arms; specifically, to measure the circumference or (rare) length of something.
examples: text: I can’t for the life of me fathom what this means.
text: Otamendi’s selection ahead of Vincent Kompany was difficult to fathom and, apart from Fernandinho, City’s line-up was otherwise filled with attacking players.
ref: 2018 April 10, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London):
synonyms: figure out
puzzle out
work out
coordinate_terms: grok
glosses: Often followed by out: to deeply understand (someone or something); to get to the bottom of.
glosses: To embrace (someone or something).
glosses: To measure a depth; to sound.
glosses: To conduct an examination or inquiry; to investigate.
Derived terms: word: fathomability
word: fathomable
word: fathomer
word: fathoming
word: fathomless
word: fathomlessly
word: unfathom
word: unfathomability
word: unfathomable
fathomable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfæðəməbəl/
ipa: /ˈfæðməbəl/
Forms: form: more fathomable
form: most fathomable
Etymology: From fathom + -able.
Senses: examples: text: The mystery was finally fathomable after years of research.
text: His motives were barely fathomable to his friends.
text: The meaning of the poem is easily fathomable with context.
glosses: able to be fathomed
Derived terms: fathomableness
Related terms: fathom
unfathomed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + fathomed.
Senses: examples: text: Youth is not less averse from change; but that is from exaggeration of its consequences, for all seems to the young so important, and so fatal. They are timid, because they know not what they fear; hopeful, because they know not what they expect. Despite their gayety of confidence, they yet dread the first plunge into life's unfathomed deep.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Age and Youth”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 8:
text: As she told me, I was naught to her, and never shall be through the unfathomed depths of Time, unless, indeed, conditions alter, and a day comes at last when two men may love one woman, and all three be happy in the fact.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
text: “We must follow after this dreadnought, hard on her tracks. She shall not dodge me though she hide in unfathomed waters, or in the earth's bosom, or in lonely woods, or on crags!”
ref: 1961, Norma Lorre Goodrich, “Beowulf”, in The Medieval Myths, New York: The New American Library, page 35:
glosses: Of unknown depth.
examples: text: Man does vvith dangerous Curioſity / Theſe unfathom'd VVonders try: / VVith fancy'd Rules and Arbitrary Lavvs / Matter and Motion he reſtrains, / And ſtudy'd Lines and fictious Circles dravvs; […]
ref: 1688, Mat[thew] Prior, “On Exodus 3. 14. I Am that I Am. An Ode. […]”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], published 1709, →OCLC, stanza VI, page 4:
glosses: Not explored or understood.
Related terms: fathom
in-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Forms: form: i-
form: il-
form: en-
Etymology: PIE word
 *h₁én
From Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”, prefix), from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. More at in.
Senses: examples: inhold, inmove, intake, inthrill
inborn, inbound
infield, infighting, insight, intalk, inwork
glosses: in, into, towards, within.
examples: text: inbeat
text: inbend
text: incave
glosses: in, into, towards, within.
Inward (direction)
examples: text: inbreed
text: inburning
text: incircle
glosses: in, into, towards, within.
Within (position)
Synonyms: sense: within
word: intra-
sense: within
word: en-
sense: within
word: em-
sense: within
word: im-
sense: within
word: end-
sense: within
word: endo-
sense: within
word: ento-
Derived terms: sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: inbound
sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: inbox
sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: ingrown
sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: inlaid
sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: inner
sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: input
sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: inside
sense: terms derived from in-: toward
word: inward
sense: terms derived from inward
word: inbeat
sense: terms derived from inward
word: inbend
sense: terms derived from inward
word: inbent
sense: terms derived from inward
word: inbirth
sense: terms derived from inward
word: inblow
sense: terms derived from inward
word: inbreathe
sense: terms derived from inward
word: inbring
sense: terms derived from inward
word: incave
sense: terms derived from within
word: inbeing
sense: terms derived from within
word: in-between
sense: terms derived from within
word: inbreed
sense: terms derived from within
word: inburn
sense: terms derived from within
word: inburning
sense: terms derived from within
word: incar
sense: terms derived from within
word: incaved
sense: terms derived from within
word: incaverned
sense: terms derived from within
word: incenter
sense: terms derived from within
word: incircle
in-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Etymology: From Middle English in-, borrowed (in words of Latinate origin) from Latin in-, from Latin in, from Proto-Indo-European *en (cognate to Germanic in-, above). Often borrowed from French in- (e.g. incise, incite, incline, indication), or as French en-, originally from Latin in.
Senses: examples: text: il- before l, e.g. illusion
im- before b, m, or p, e.g. imperil
ir- before r, e.g. irrigate
ref: Note: Before certain letters, in- becomes
glosses: in, into
examples: text: imband
text: imbar
text: imbarn
glosses: in, into
Into
examples: text: inblind
text: incloister
glosses: in, into
Doing; forming verbs.
examples: text: imbannered
text: inaureole
text: incarnate
glosses: in, into
Having, possessing
Synonyms: sense: within
word: intra-
sense: within
word: en-
sense: within
word: em-
sense: within
word: im-
sense: within
word: end-
sense: within
word: endo-
Derived terms: sense: terms derived from in-: direction
word: infiltrate
sense: terms derived from in-: direction
word: ingress
sense: terms derived from in-: direction
word: invade
sense: terms derived from in-: tendency
word: inflammable
sense: terms derived from into
word: imbalsamation
sense: terms derived from into
word: imband
sense: terms derived from into
word: imbar
sense: terms derived from into
word: imbarn
sense: terms derived from into
word: imbound
sense: terms derived from into
word: imbox
sense: terms derived from into
word: inbeaming
sense: terms derived from into
word: inbear
sense: terms derived from into
word: inbind
sense: terms derived from into
word: inblow
sense: terms derived from into
word: inbreak
sense: terms derived from into
word: inbreaking
sense: terms derived from into
word: inbring
sense: terms derived from into
word: inburn
sense: terms derived from into
word: incantoning
sense: terms derived from into
word: incask
sense: terms derived from doing
word: imbank
sense: terms derived from doing
word: inbland
sense: terms derived from doing
word: inblind
sense: terms derived from doing
word: inborrow
sense: terms derived from doing
word: inbuild
sense: terms derived from doing
word: inclamation
sense: terms derived from doing
word: incloister
sense: terms derived from having
word: imbannered
sense: terms derived from having
word: inaureole
sense: terms derived from having
word: inawe
sense: terms derived from having
word: incarnate
im-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Etymology: From Latin im-, assimilated form of in- used before b-/p-/m-.
Senses: glosses: Expressing negation; not.
Synonyms: sense: not
word: a-
sense: not
word: an-
sense: not
word: dys-
sense: not
word: i-
sense: not
word: il-
sense: not
word: in-
sense: not
word: ir-
sense: not
word: mal-
sense: not
word: non-
sense: not
word: un-
im-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Etymology: From em-, from Old French em-. Also from later Middle French im-, partly by confusion with im- of Latin origin (on which see above).
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of the prefix em-, itself variant of en-.
ir-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Etymology: From Latin ir-, assimilated form of in- used before r-.
Senses: glosses: Used for expressing negation; not
Synonyms: sense: not
word: a-
sense: not
word: an-
sense: not
word: dys-
sense: not
word: i-
sense: not
word: il-
sense: not
word: im-
sense: not
word: in-
sense: not
word: mal-
sense: not
word: non-
sense: not
word: un-
colloquialism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈloʊ.kwi.əˌlɪz.əm/
ipa: /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əˌlɪz.əm/
Forms: form: colloquialisms
Etymology: From colloquial + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: Before embarking on her trip, Kaefer expected to find a pan-Antarctic vocabulary, but quickly discovered there were distinct colloquialisms within each station.
ref: 2024 June 20, Eva Corlett, “Fidlets, fingies and riding a doo: study sheds light on Antarctic English slang”, in The Guardian:
glosses: A colloquial word or phrase; a common spoken expression.
examples: text: The differences between slang, colloquialism and jargon are not clear-cut.
ref: 1996, James Lambert, The Macquarie Book of Slang, Sydney: Macquarie Library, page v:
glosses: A colloquial manner of speaking.
Related terms: colloquial
colloquy
argot
cant
jargon
slang
vernacular
motu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: motus
Etymology: From a descendant of Proto-Polynesian *motu.
Senses: glosses: A reef islet formed by broken coral and sand, surrounding an atoll.
Related terms: sense: etymologically unrelated terms containing the word "motu"
word: ex proprio motu
sense: etymologically unrelated terms containing the word "motu"
word: mero motu
sense: etymologically unrelated terms containing the word "motu"
word: motu proprio
sense: etymologically unrelated terms containing the word "motu"
word: suo motu
Mars rover
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Mars rovers
Senses: glosses: Any of a number of small unmanned remote-controlled vehicles sent to the planet Mars to do scientific research.
eremite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ĕrʹə-mīt'
ipa: /ˈɛɹ.əˌmaɪt/
Forms: form: eremites
Etymology: Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin eremita, from Ancient Greek ἐρημίτης (erēmítēs), from ἐρῆμος (erêmos, “uninhabited”) + -ίτης (-ítēs). Doublet of hermit.
Senses: glosses: A hermit; a religious recluse, someone who lives alone.
Coordinate terms: cenobite
Derived terms: eremitish
eremitism
Related terms: eremitic
eremitical
hermit
such is life
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Forms: form: so is life
Senses: examples: text: Of course I’m not happy about it, but such is life.
synonyms: word: c'est la vie
word: that's life
word: c'est la vie
word: it is as it is
word: it is how it is
word: it is what it is
word: life's a bitch
word: shit happens
word: so be it
word: so is life
word: so it goes
word: such is life
word: that's that and this is this
word: that's the way it goes
word: that’s the way it plays
word: that's the way life is
word: that's the way the ball bounces
word: that's the way the cookie crumbles
word: that's the way the mop flops
word: them's the breaks
glosses: Used to express the acceptance of misfortune in one's life.
Related terms: it is what it is
too bad
shit happens
trial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹaɪəl/
ipa: [tɹaɪəl]
rhymes: -aɪəl
Etymology: From Middle English trial, triall, from Anglo-Norman trial, triel, from trier (“to pick out, cull”) + -al. More at English try.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to a trial or test.
glosses: Attempted on a provisional or experimental basis.
trial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹaɪəl/
ipa: [tɹaɪəl]
rhymes: -aɪəl
Etymology: From Latin tri- (stem of trēs (“three”)) + -al, on the pattern of dual.
Senses: glosses: Characterized by having three (usually equivalent) components.
glosses: Triple.
examples: text: No language has a trial number unless it has a dual.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
coordinate_terms: singular
dual
plural
glosses: Pertaining to a language form referring to three of something, like people. (See Ambai language for an example.)
Derived terms: triality
trial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹaɪəl/
ipa: [tɹaɪəl]
rhymes: -aɪəl
Forms: form: trials
Etymology: From Latin tri- (stem of trēs (“three”)) + -al, on the pattern of dual.
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The trial number.
archaeologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
ipa: /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/
Forms: form: archaeologists
form: archæologist
form: archeologist
Etymology: From archaeolog(y) + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: The remains of a Roman aristocrat have been unearthed by archaeologists in northern England. […] David Hunter, principle archaeologist with West Yorkshire Joint Services, told CNN Monday that the discovery emerged after a commercial developer submitted an application for planning permission to the council.
ref: 2023 March 13, Lianne Kolirin, “Skeletal remains of Roman aristocrat discovered in hidden lead coffin”, in CNN:
text: Working around an ancient monument has meant having an archaeologist on site whenever there were excavations.
ref: 2024 January 24, Peter Plisner, “Rising to the University challenge”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 61:
synonyms: word: archaeologian
word: archaeologer
glosses: Someone who studies or practises archaeology.
Derived terms: arkeologist
bioarchaeologist
ethnoarchaeologist
geoarchaeologist
media archaeologist
nonarchaeologist
osteoarchaeologist
zoarchaeologist
zooarchaeologist
exclamation mark
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑːk/
ipa: /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑɹk/
Forms: form: exclamation marks
Senses: examples: text: The excessive use of exclamation marks devalues their effect, but is typical of concise genres such as cartoons, not reference works!
text: Subject: Fire... Dear Sir-stroke-Madam: Fire. Exclamation mark. Fire. Exclamation mark. Help me. Exclamation mark. 123 Carendon Road. Looking forward to hearing from you. All the best, Maurice Moss.
ref: 2006 February 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 1, Episode 2:
text: Traditionally, the exclamation mark has been used sparingly, especially in formal writing.
ref: 2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 40:
glosses: The punctuation mark “!” (generally used to denote excitement, surprise or shock).
Synonyms: sense: punctuation “!”
word: exclamation
sense: punctuation “!”
word: exclamation point
sense: punctuation “!”
word: shriek
sense: punctuation “!”
word: bang
sense: punctuation “!”
word: ecphoneme
sense: punctuation “!”
word: mark of admiration
sense: punctuation “!”
word: note of admiration
sense: punctuation “!”
word: note of exclamation
sense: punctuation “!”
word: note of interjection
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
sense: punctuation “!”
word: pling
sense: punctuation “!”
word: astonisher
sense: punctuation “!”
word: screamer
sense: punctuation “!”
word: interjection point
sense: punctuation “!”
word: mark of exclamation
Related terms: english: inverted exclamation mark/point
translation: inverted exclamation mark/point
word: ¡
english: double exclamation mark/point
translation: double exclamation mark/point
word: ‼
roman: interrobang
word: ‽
word: ⁈
word: ⁉
english: small exclamation mark/point
translation: small exclamation mark/point
word: ﹗
roman: dingbat
word: ❢
roman: dingbat
word: ❣
alt: !
word: ՜
alt: !
word: ᥄
alt: '; ’
word: apostrophe
word: curly brackets
word: brace
word: square bracket
word: bracket
alt: :
word: colon
alt: ,
word: comma
alt: ‒; –; —; ―
word: dash
alt: …
word: ellipsis
alt: ⁄
word: fraction slash
alt: « »; ‹ ›
word: guillemet
alt: -; ‐
word: hyphen
alt: ·
word: interpunct
alt: ‽
word: interrobang
word: bracket
word: parentheses (US
alt: ( )
word: Canada)
word: full stop
alt: .
word: period
alt: ?
word: question mark
alt: ‘ ’ ‚; „
word: quotation marks
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
alt: "; '
word: quotation marks
alt: ;
word: semicolon
word: slash
alt: /
word: stroke
alt: ] [
word: space
dermatologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/
ipa: /ˌdɝ.məˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/
Forms: form: dermatologists
Etymology: From dermatology + -ist or dermato- + -logist.
Senses: examples: text: We have offered our products to our own burn surgeons and to other specialists of our and other hospitals, namely dermatologists, plasticians and specialists for long-term illnesses.
ref: 1997, Nather Abdul Aziz, Phillips Glyn O, Strong D Michael, Advances In Tissue Banking - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 171:
text: From now on, too, general practitioners should, as Southard emphasized, be urged to be at least as familiar with the general principles and methods of the psychiatrist as they are with those of the gynecologist, the dermatologist, and the pædiatrist.
ref: 2006, various authors, A Psychiatric Milestone, The Echo Library, →ISBN, page 29:
text: “When it comes to the dry skin, it’s really a matter of that top barrier that’s not holding onto the moisture as well,” said Dr. Jennifer Stein, a dermatologist at NYU Langone Health.
ref: 2025 February 10, Monica Haider, “Dermatologists share how to treat dry skin”, in CNN:
text: According to dermatologists and estheticians, you can expect to see a noticeable difference around the age of 40 — which is why I consulted five of these skin experts who are 40+ themselves, getting their top tips for transitioning (and maintaining) an effective skin care regimen.
ref: 2025 February 16, Sophie Shaw, “5 tips for maintaining youthful skin, from dermatologists and estheticians over 40”, in CNN:
glosses: A person who is skilled in, professes or practices dermatology.
Derived terms: nondermatologist
teledermatologist
Related terms: dermatological
dermatology
psychiatrist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsaɪˈkaɪ.ə.tɹɪst/
Forms: form: psychiatrists
Etymology: From psychiatry + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Says Colonel Thomas Murray, chief Army psychiatrist in South Viet Nam: “Some of our psychiatrists are the most improbable military guys: soft, flabby, unexercised.”
ref: 1969 October 10, “Dividend from Viet Nam”, in Time:
text: Even medical schools seem to have submitted to psychophobia by training psychiatrists almost exclusively as psychopharmacologists instead of as psychotherapists.
ref: 2000 May 28, Peter Wolson, “A World of Psychophobia”, in Los Angeles Times, archived from the original on 10 May 2025:
text: Pass the chalk. Dr. Levine was there with a friend and fellow psychiatrist (detect a pattern?), Alexa Albert, Coco’s mother, who squinted up into the sun as her daughter effortlessly sailed skyward. Dr. Albert is an acrophobe.
ref: 2009 July 19, Lizette Alvarez, “Whee! Also, There’s a Net”, in The New York Times:
synonyms: psychiater
glosses: A medical doctor specializing in psychiatry.
Derived terms: antipsychiatrist
biopsychiatrist
ethnopsychiatrist
gerontopsychiatrist
geropsychiatrist
neuropsychiatrist
nonpsychiatrist
orthopsychiatrist
pedopsychiatrist
psychiatristlike
telepsychiatrist
Related terms: alienist
couch doctor
head-shrinker
psychotherapist
shrink
trick cyclist
Egyptologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌid͡ʒɪpˈtɑləd͡ʒɪst/
Forms: form: Egyptologists
form: Ægyptologist
form: egyptologist
Etymology: From Egyptology + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: An Egyptologist's mind immediately turns to the ancient Egyptian counterpart to such an imagined protosactuary: a reed hut that all late Egyptian temples, in their archaizing longing to return to the origins, sought to emulate in stone through the typically Egyptian temple features of inward-sloping walls, torus and corvetto cornice.
ref: 2018, Jan Assmann, The Invention of Religion:
glosses: A person; one who is skilled in or professes or practices Egyptology.
-ist
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Pronunciation: ipa: /-ɪst/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /-əst/
homophone: -est
Etymology: From Middle English -ist, -iste, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix). Equivalent to -ism + -t. Doublet of -ista. Sense 1.9 is influenced by Esperanto -isto.
Senses: examples: botanist, one who studies plants
psychiatrist, one who practices psychiatry
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
a person who studies or practices a particular discipline;
examples: violinist, one who plays a violin
cyclist, one who rides a (bi)cycle
(dated) autoist, one who drives an automobile
pianist, one who plays the piano
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
a person who uses a device of some kind;
examples: adventurist, one who takes risks or goes on adventures
artist, one who makes art
bigamist, one who commits bigamy
terrorist, one who causes terror
tourist, one who tours
Note, many of these are related to -isms: adventurism, terrorism, tourism
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
one who engages in a particular type of activity;
examples: autist, egoist
Note, these are related to -isms: autism, egoism
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
one who suffers from a specific condition or syndrome
examples: Buddhist, Baptist, monotheist
Note, these are related to -isms: Buddhism, monotheism
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;
examples: Marxist, modernist, nihilist, existentialist, fascist, pacifist, activist, environmentalist,
Note, these are related to -isms: Marxism, modernism, nihilism, existentialism, fascism, pacifism
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
one who has a certain ideology or set of beliefs;
examples: capitalist; industrialist
Note, these are related to -isms: capitalism; industrialism
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
one who owns or manages something;
examples: sexist, racist: Note, these are related to -isms: sexism, racism
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
a person who holds bigoted, partial views with respect to a particular matter.
examples: Esperantist, Tokiponist
glosses: Added to words to form nouns denoting:
a person who speaks or specializes in a (usually constructed) language.
Related terms: -ast
-er
-ista
-ite
-or
-ism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /-ɪzəm/
ipa: [ɪzm̩]
Forms: form: -isms
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)
Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.
English -ism
Ultimately from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós), a suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine, from stem of verbs in -ίζειν (-ízein) (whence English -ize). Doublet of -ismus.
Many English nouns in -ism are loans of Greek nouns in -ισμός (-ismós), often via Latin and French, such as Judaism, a learned English formation from Latin attested from c. 1500 and ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός (Ioudaïsmós). In Late Latin, the -ismus suffix became the ordinary ending for names of religions and ecclesiastical or philosophical systems or schools of thought, thus chrīstiānismus (whence 16th c. Christianism) in Tertullian, a trend continued in Medieval Latin, with e.g. pāgānismus attested by the 8th century. From the 16th century, such formations became very common in English, until the early 18th century mostly restricted to either root words of Greek or Latin origin (heroism, patriotism) or proper names (Calvinism, Lutheranism).
Productivity from root words with evidently non-Latin and non-Greek origin dates to the late 18th century (e.g. blackguardism). Reflecting this productivity, use of ism as a standalone noun is attested in Edward Pettit (1680) and becomes common from the mid-18th century. The narrowed sense of forming terms for ideologies based on the belief of superiority is based on coinages such as racism (1932) or sexism (1936) and productive since the 1970s.
Senses: examples: text: YouTube comments are rough. They dabble in all forms of trolling, bullying, racism, sexism and other offensive -isms, interspersed with endless spurts of nonsensical chatter. Any thoughtful comments are typically lost in a roiling sea of “LOLs,” insults and spam.
ref: 2013 September 24, Heather Kelly, “YouTube tries to fix its comments”, in CNN:
text: “Woke-ism, multiculturalism, all the -isms — they’re not who America is. They distort our glorious founding and what this country is all about. Our enemies stoke these divisions because they know they make us weaker,” he wrote Tuesday.
ref: 2021 January 19, Jennifer Hansler, Kylie Atwood and Nicole Gaouette, quoting Mike Pompeo, “Pompeo attacks multiculturalism, saying it is ‘not who America is’”, in CNN:
glosses: Alternative form of ism (“ideology or form of discrimination ending in -ism”)
hype
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪp/
rhymes: -aɪp
Forms: form: hypes
Etymology: Clipping of hyperbole.
Senses: examples: text: After all the hype for the diet plan, only the results ended up slim.
text: Don't believe the hype, it's a sequel / As an equal can I get this through to you
ref: 1988, “Don't Believe the Hype”, in It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, performed by Public Enemy:
text: I was never one to believe the hype
Save that for the black and white
ref: 2012, Jeff Bhasker, Nate Ruess, Andrew Dost, Jack Antonoff, “Some Nights”, in Some Nights), performed by fun.:
text: The first Grand Slam showpiece between the two dominant players on the ATP Tour had been a tantalising prospect - and it surpassed the hype.
ref: 2025 June 8, Jonathan Jurejko, “Alcaraz stuns Sinner in extraordinary French Open final”, in BBC:
topics: business
marketing
glosses: Promotion or propaganda, especially exaggerated claims.
Derived terms: cyberhype
hypebeast
hype beast
hype cycle
hypemonger
hype train
hypey
jam one's hype
media hype
megahype
neurohype
superhype
hype
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪp/
rhymes: -aɪp
Forms: form: hypes
form: hyping
form: hyped
form: hyped
Etymology: Clipping of hyperbole.
Senses: examples: text: They started hyping the new magazine months before its release.
text: Hydrogen fuel cells are hugely hyped but have yet to prove themselves in the real world beyond a few limited trials or small fleets on the European mainland.
ref: 2023 August 23, Ben Jones, “A Fast Charge to DMUs' demise?”, in RAIL, number 990, page 30:
glosses: To promote heavily; to advertise or build up.
Derived terms: hype man
hypester
hype up
outhype
overhype
hype
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪp/
rhymes: -aɪp
Forms: form: more hype
form: most hype
Senses: glosses: Hyped; excited.
glosses: Excellent, cool.
hype
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪp/
rhymes: -aɪp
Forms: form: hypes
form: hyp
Senses: examples: text: hype kit
glosses: Clipping of hypodermic needle.
examples: text: The Mob enforced the No-“H” Law. They tortured pushers. They killed them. Local hypes copped in L.A. Local hypes rode the Heroin Highway.
ref: 2001, James Ellroy, The Cold Six Thousand, New York: Knopf, →ISBN, page 90:
glosses: A drug addict.
Derived terms: hypeness
hype
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪp/
rhymes: -aɪp
Forms: form: hypes
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of hipe (“wrestling move”).
hype
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪp/
rhymes: -aɪp
Forms: form: hypes
form: hyping
form: hyped
form: hyped
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of hipe (“wrestling move”).
hydrologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪˈdɹɒl.ə.dʒɪst/
rhymes: -ɒlədʒɪst
Forms: form: hydrologists
Etymology: From hydrology + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Some experts see today’s action as only a short-term fix. While the USBR is “very focused on just getting through this to next year”, any cuts would probably need to be in place far longer, University of Oxford hydrologist Kevin Wheeler said.
ref: 2022 August 16, Gabrielle Canon, Richard Luscombe, “US issues western water cuts as drought leaves Colorado River near ‘tipping point’”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 30 Nov 2022:
glosses: Someone who is skilled in or practises hydrology.
Derived terms: dendrohydrologist
ecohydrologist
geohydrologist
palaeohydrologist
paleohydrologist
question mark
Language: English
Part of speech: particle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑːk/
ipa: /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑɹk/
ipa: /ˈkwɛʃ-/
Senses: examples: text: All real discovery comes from the ?, the basic curiosity and acceptance of, “Well, we think subatomic particles might exist, at least they have a tendency to exist, but we really don’t know for sure, you know, question mark?”
ref: 1983, Voices: The Art and Science of Psychotherapy, volumes 19–20, Albany, New York: American Academy of Psychotherapists, page 12:
text: So I see one movement towards a new kind of society, a new kind of mobility. So am I right, question mark?
ref: 2014 October 8, Mirosław Grochowski, “Supporting mobility: Development of bikepaths in Warsaw Metropolitan Area”, in Proceedings: METREX Brussels Autumn Conference, Brussels, page 85:
text: And is it like open? Can like anybody join, question mark?
ref: 2022 November 11, Amal Hussein, “A very !important lesson” (13:00 from the start), in JS Party, episode 251, spoken by Amal Hussein, Changelog, retrieved 21 Sep 2024:
glosses: Final interrogative particle, expressing second-guessing, usually in an exaggerated, rising tone.
Related terms: dot dot dot
full stop
period
equal sign
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: equal signs
form: equals sign
Senses: glosses: A symbol (=) used in mathematics to indicate that two values are the same, and elsewhere in various other ways, such as (formerly) to separate the signature from the content of a telegram.
underline
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/
ipa: /ˈʌndəˌlaɪn/
note: General American, alternative pronunciation of the verb
ipa: /ˌʌndɚˈlaɪn/
note: Received Pronunciation, alternative pronunciation of the verb
ipa: /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/
rhymes: -aɪn stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: underlines
Etymology: From under- + line.
Senses: glosses: A line placed underneath a piece of text in order to provide emphasis or to indicate that it should be viewed in italics or (in electronic documents) that it acts as a hyperlink.
synonyms: underscore
low line
glosses: The character _.
glosses: An announcement of a theatrical performance to follow, placed in an advertisement for the current one.
examples: text: Several readers [...] write to point out that the ex-Great Eastern 0-6-0s now classified as "J20" in the L.N.E.R. lists, no longer hold the supremacy for power among British 0-6-0 locomotives as suggested in the underline to the photograph of one of them which appeared on p. 100 of the March-April issue.
ref: 1944 May and June, “Notes and News: The Most Powerful 0-6-0”, in Railway Magazine, page 186:
glosses: A caption beneath a photograph (which may have more than one line of text).
underline
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/
ipa: /ˈʌndəˌlaɪn/
note: General American, alternative pronunciation of the verb
ipa: /ˌʌndɚˈlaɪn/
note: Received Pronunciation, alternative pronunciation of the verb
ipa: /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/
rhymes: -aɪn stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: underlines
form: underlining
form: underlined
form: underlined
Etymology: From under- + line.
Senses: examples: text: underline the important words in the text
synonyms: underscore
coordinate_terms: bold#Verb
boldface#Verb
embolden#Verb
italicize#Verb
strike through#Verb
glosses: To draw a line underneath something, especially to add emphasis.
examples: text: The Midlanders will hope the victory will kickstart a campaign that looked to have hit the buffers, but the sense of trepidation enveloping the Reebok Stadium heading into the new year underlines the seriousness of the predicament facing Owen Coyle's men.
ref: 2011 December 10, Marc Higginson, “Bolton 1 - 2 Aston Villa”, in BBCSport:
glosses: To emphasise or stress something.
examples: text: By mere chance in appearance, though underlined with a providence, they had a full light of the infanta.
ref: 1642, Henry Wotton, The Life and Death of the Duke of Buckingham:
glosses: To influence secretly.
underline
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/
ipa: /ˈʌndəˌlaɪn/
note: General American, alternative pronunciation of the verb
ipa: /ˌʌndɚˈlaɪn/
note: Received Pronunciation, alternative pronunciation of the verb
ipa: /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/
rhymes: -aɪn stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Etymology: From under- + line.
Senses: examples: text: Just as it was sometimes necessary to lower the road to take it beneath an underline bridge, so in this case it might be necessary to raise it.
ref: 1950, Leonora Fry, C. W. Huxtable, Get to know: British railways, page 26:
text: A minute was saved by smart working at Ipswich, but soon after came yet another delay, a 10 m.p.h. slack over an underline bridge being reconstructed between Bramford and Claydon.
ref: 1960 June, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, page 369:
text: As to underbridges, the policy is to wait until the small underline bridges become due for renewal when they will be replaced by prestressed concrete structures.
ref: 1979 August, Michael Harris, “A line for all reasons: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway”, in Railway World, page 412:
coordinate_terms: at-grade
overgrade
undergrade
glosses: Passing under a railway line.
Related terms: alt: &
word: ampersand
alt: *; ⁂
word: asterisk and asterism
alt: @
word: at sign
alt: \
word: backslash
alt: •
word: bullet
alt: † ‡
word: dagger
alt: °
word: degree symbol
alt: #
word: number sign
alt: ′
word: prime
english: underline
translation: underline
word: tilde
alt: _
word: underscore
alt: |
word: vertical bar
alt: |
word: pipe
tuberculosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/
ipa: /tjuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/
ipa: /tuˌbɚkjʊˈloʊsɪs/
rhymes: -əʊsɪs
Forms: form: tuberculoses
Etymology: To international scientific vocabulary from New Latin tūberculōsis, from Latin tūberculum (diminutive of tūber (“lump”)) + Latin -ōsis (“diseased condition”); by surface analysis, tubercul(um) + -osis; named for the encapsulated colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis, which can look like small tubers (tubercles) on gross pathology. The disease has existed throughout human experience and had other names for millennia before scientific medicine renamed it with a New Latin term in the mid-19th century (1840s); in English it was called consumption because of the wasting away that consumed health and seemed even to consume flesh in some cases (for example, causing fistulas and tissue breakdown).
Senses: examples: text: With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.
ref: 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 380:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria.
wikipedia: gross pathology
international scientific vocabulary
tuberculosis#Names
Synonyms: word: consumption
word: phthisic
word: TB
word: white death
word: white man's plague
word: white plague
Derived terms: antituberculosis
epituberculosis
MDR-TB
miliary tuberculosis
neurotuberculosis
nontuberculosis
paratuberculosis
pseudotuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis
silicotuberculosis
tuberculostatic
tuberculotic
XDR-TB
Related terms: DR-TB
DS-TB
MDR-TB
Mtb
XDR-TB
Burkholderia gladioli
good turn
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: good turns
Senses: examples: text: One good turn deserves another.
text: I am doing you a good turn this year by sending you a friend,[…]
ref: 1895, Marie Corelli, The Sorrows of Satan: or The Strange Experience of One Geoffrey Tempest, Millionaire […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 14:
antonyms: bad turn
evil turn
ill turn
glosses: A good deed; a thoughtful or selfless act.