cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
vest
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɛst/
rhymes: -ɛst
Forms: form: vests
Etymology: From French veste (“a vest, jacket”), from Latin vestis (“a garment, gown, robe, vestment, clothing, vesture”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéstis, from *wes- (“to be dressed”) (English wear). Cognate with Sanskrit वस्त्र (vastra) and Spanish vestir.
Senses: examples: text: The Jones man was looking at her hard. Now he reached into the hatch of his vest and fetched out a couple of cigars, everlasting big ones, with gilt bands on them.
ref: 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter X, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
synonyms: word: waistcoat
glosses: A sleeveless garment that buttons down the front, worn over a shirt, and often as part of a suit; a waistcoat.
synonyms: word: singlet
word: tank top
word: undershirt
glosses: A sleeveless garment, often with a low-cut neck, usually worn under a shirt or blouse.
glosses: A sleeveless top, typically with identifying colours or logos, worn by an athlete or member of a sports team.
examples: text: He gripped some of the shreds and pulled off his vest and the shirt beneath it, his clothing disintegrating around him. What in the hell point was there in wearing a twenty-five-pound bulletproof vest if you could still get gunned to death?
ref: 2010, Thomas Mullen, The Many Deaths of the Firefly Brothers, Random House, →ISBN, page 162:
glosses: Any sleeveless outer garment, often for a purpose such as identification, safety, or storage.
examples: text: In state attended by her maiden train, / Who bore the vests that holy rites require.
ref: 1700, John Dryden, Palamon and Arcite:
glosses: A vestment.
examples: text: Not seldom, clad in radiant vest / Deceitfully goes forth the morn.
ref: 1800, William Wordsworth, [unnamed poem] (classified under Inscriptions)
glosses: Clothing generally; array; garb.
glosses: A loose robe or outer garment worn historically by men in Arab or Middle Eastern countries.
Hyponyms: sense: sleeveless outergarment
word: safety vest
sense: sleeveless outergarment
word: scrimmage vest
sense: sleeveless outergarment
word: fishing vest
Derived terms: ballistic vest
bulletproof vest
close to one's vest
close to the vest
keep one's cards close to one's vest
life vest
more life in a tramp's vest
Posey vest
ranger vest
rash vest
rest and vest
sleeves from one's vest
sobre-vest
string vest
suicide vest
sweater vest
tech vest
vest buster
vest date
vest in interest
vest pocket
vest-pocket
weighted vest
yellow vest
Related terms: invest
vest frottoir
vestibule
vestment
vesture
wear
vet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: vets
Etymology: Clipping of veterinarian.
Senses: examples: text: Colin Cameron, a vet who examined the dead animal, said there was "no doubt the kitten would have suffered unnecessarily" before dying.
ref: 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:
glosses: A veterinarian or veterinary surgeon.
Derived terms: vet tech
vet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: vets
Etymology: Clipping of veteran.
Senses: examples: text: “A former soldier, sir. A vet. Theyʼre all vets, a little shellshocked.”
ref: 1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 73:
glosses: A veteran (a former soldier or other member of armed forces).
vet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: vets
form: vetting
form: vetted
form: vetted
Etymology: Possibly by analogy from Etymology 1, in the sense of "verifying the soundness [of an animal]"
Senses: examples: text: The FBI vets all nominees to the Federal bench.
text: Sir Humphrey Appleby: Nevertheless we do not admit it (the existence of MI6). Not everyone round this table has been vetted (pun). / Jim Hacker: I thought that's something you do to cats (laugh track). / Sir Humphrey Appleby: Yes indeed, but not ferrets, Minister (laugh track).
ref: 1980 March 10, Antony Jay, Jonathan Lynn, “The Economy Drive”, in Yes, Minister, season 1, episode 3, spoken by Jim Hacker and Humphrey Appleby (Paul Eddington and Nigel Hawthorne):
text: 41 year-old Thupten from Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture confirmed this threat of punishment. “The people in my area were very discontent when an election was announced. We knew that the candidates selected had already been carefully vetted by higher Chinese officials, and that our ‘voting’ was mere lip-service to Chinese claims of democracy, but we did it anyway.
ref: 2000 September, “Corrupt and Farcical Elections”, in Racial Discrimination in Tibet, Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy, →OCLC, page 116:
text: House and Senate Committees are made up of elected legislators who vet the bill and hear from stakeholders and members of the public.
ref: 2023, “How a Bill Becomes a Law”, in mnnurses.org:
glosses: To thoroughly check or investigate particularly with regard to providing formal approval.
Synonyms: evaluate
Derived terms: vetter
Related terms: red vet pet
headscarf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛdˌskɑɹf/
Forms: form: headscarves
form: headscarfs
form: head scarf
form: head-scarf
Etymology: From head + scarf.
Senses: examples: text: As far as only the Quran itself is concerned, wearing a headscarf is neither required nor prohibited.
text: But as Ms. Eran adjusted her resplendent costume, two young women wearing traditional headscarfs walked across the plaza nearby.
ref: 1998 October 29, Stephen Kinzer, “Safranbolu Journal; The Alarming Scarf and Other Turkish Worries”, in The New York Times:
text: The headscarf is a perfect tool to block the nonmoderns from participating in the class privileges that the modern state represents.
ref: 2012, Hilal Elver, The Headscarf Controversy: Secularism and Freedom of Religion, page 52:
text: By the early 1980s, Gucci was overlicensed, with its logo on every product imaginable from headscarves to key rings to lighters.
ref: 2015, Ashok Som, Christian Blanckaert, The Road To Luxury:
synonyms: headsquare
tudung
glosses: A more or less square piece of material worn over the head, typically by women, often to protect the hair, or for religious reasons.
Derived terms: headscarfed
headscarfless
waterfall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/
enpr: wôʹtər-fôl
ipa: /ˈwɔtɚfɔl/
ipa: /ˈwɑtɚfɔl/
ipa: /ˈwɑtɚfɑl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: waterfalls
Etymology: From Middle English waterfal, waterfalle, from Old English wæterġefeall (“waterfall”), equivalent to water + fall. Cognate with West Frisian wetterfal (“waterfall”), Dutch waterval (“waterfall”), German Wasserfall (“waterfall”), Swedish vattenfall (“waterfall”).
Senses: synonyms: word: cataract
word: cascade
word: falls
word: force
english: nothern England
translation: nothern England
word: foss
english: nothern England
translation: nothern England
word: forcefall
word: sault
word: catadupe
glosses: A flow of water over the edge of a cliff.
examples: text: A waterfall of mist came from the open freezer.
glosses: A waterfall-like outpouring of liquid, smoke, etc.
examples: text: A very long duration project […] had taken a whole group of people through a painful waterfall development process.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
software
glosses: Short for waterfall model
examples: text: Hey man, can I take a waterfall from your bottle?
glosses: The action of drinking from a vessel without touching it with the lips, considered more sanitary for a shared vessel.
glosses: A necktie.
glosses: A chignon (hairstyle).
examples: text: I found home a dreary place after my long absence; for half the children I had known were now wearing whiskers or waterfalls, […]
ref: 1870–1871 (date written), Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “”, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, →OCLC, pages 569–570:
glosses: A beard.
topics: gymnastics
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A kind of handstand with chin tucked and back arched.
Derived terms: coastal waterfall
waterfall bong
waterfall effect
waterfall illusion
waterfall layout
waterfall model
waterfall plot
waterfall skirt
waterfall stomach
waterfall
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/
enpr: wôʹtər-fôl
ipa: /ˈwɔtɚfɔl/
ipa: /ˈwɑtɚfɔl/
ipa: /ˈwɑtɚfɑl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: waterfalls
form: waterfalling
form: waterfalled
form: waterfalled
Etymology: From Middle English waterfal, waterfalle, from Old English wæterġefeall (“waterfall”), equivalent to water + fall. Cognate with West Frisian wetterfal (“waterfall”), Dutch waterval (“waterfall”), German Wasserfall (“waterfall”), Swedish vattenfall (“waterfall”).
Senses: examples: text: Rain ran off the bill of his fielder's cap and waterfalled in front of his face.
ref: 1994, Nora Roberts, Private Scandals, page 54:
text: Zondra, whose dirty-blond hair waterfalled above her head from a colorful tie, gave a snorting, horsey kind of laugh.
ref: 1999, Jane Yolen with Bruce Coville, Armageddon Summer, page 79:
text: they turned into the drive of The Manor with its red-brick front and the wonderful cloak of Virginia creeper waterfalling down between the windows.
ref: 2008, John Gardner, No Human Enemy, page 156:
glosses: To fall like a waterfall.
glosses: To drink (something) from a container by pouring it from a height so as not to touch one's lips to the rim.
qualifier: roller derby
glosses: Synonym of recycle.
synonyms: word: recycle
Derived terms: waterfalled
waterfalling
Related terms: cloudfall
icefall
smokefall
forcefall
BOM
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑm/
homophone: bomb
homophone: balm (some speakers with the father-bother merger)
rhymes: -ɒm
Forms: form: BOMs
Senses: glosses: Acronym of bill of materials.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Acronym of byte order mark.
topics: journalism
media
glosses: Acronym of business-office must (“a story that must be published at the behest of the publication's business office”).
glosses: Initialism of Book of Mormon.
BOM
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑm/
homophone: bomb
homophone: balm (some speakers with the father-bother merger)
rhymes: -ɒm
Senses: synonyms: BoM
glosses: Initialism of Bureau of Meteorology.
aurora
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹɔː.ɹə/
ipa: /ɔːˈɹɔː.ɹə/
ipa: /əˈɹɔɹ.ə/
ipa: /ɔˈɹɔɹ.ə/
rhymes: -ɔːɹə
Forms: form: auroras
form: aurorae
Etymology: From Latin aurōra (“dawn”). Doublet of Eos.
Senses: synonyms: chasma
polar light
glosses: An atmospheric phenomenon created by charged particles from the sun striking the upper atmosphere, creating coloured lights in the sky. It is usually named australis or borealis based on whether it is in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere respectively.
glosses: The Roman goddess of the dawn, equivalent to the Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs).
synonyms: dawn
daybreak
sunrise
glosses: The dawn or early morning light itself; the first light of day.
Hyponyms: sense: Northern Hemisphere
word: aurora borealis
sense: Northern Hemisphere
word: northern lights
sense: Southern Hemisphere
word: aurora australis
sense: Southern Hemisphere
word: southern lights
Derived terms: aurora australis
aurora bluetail
aurora borealis
aurora-colored
aurora-coloured
aurora glass
Aurora Hill
auroral
auroraphobia
aurora sauce
aurora yellow
aurorean
black aurora
unquestioningly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more unquestioningly
form: most unquestioningly
Etymology: From unquestioning + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: She accepted unquestioningly the dictum that a woman's place is in the home.
glosses: Without asking questions or having doubts. With complete obedience and without making any opposition.
Synonyms: unconditionally
bertillonage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɛːtijɒˈnɑːʒ/
Etymology: Learned borrowing from French bertillonnage; from the name of the inventor, Alphonse Bertillon.
Senses: glosses: An early form of biometric identification used on criminals by the French police, making use of distinguishing anthropometric measurements, such as head size, arm span and scars.
examples: text: Often these [clothing] labels are of more use than the so-called bertillonage, those eleven items of physical measurement and characteristics that must be recorded to make a positive identification but that are useless for anything else and find themselves at the bottom of desk drawers or in unused databases.
ref: 2005, Péter Nádas, translated by Imre Goldstein, Parallel Stories:
glosses: A similar form of identification of used on racing greyhounds.
Kurdistan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɜːɹdɪˌstæn/
ipa: /ˌkɜːdɪˈstɑːn/
Etymology: Either from Northern Kurdish Kurdistan or from Classical Persian کُرْدِسْتَان (kurdistān), equivalent to Kurd + -i- + -stan.
Senses: glosses: A cultural region in West Asia inhabited mostly by the Kurds, encompassing parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.
glosses: An autonomous region in northern and northeastern Iraq, lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region.
glosses: A province in northwestern Iran, lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region.
Derived terms: Kurdistani
Related terms: Kurdish
Kurd
ironing board
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ironing boards
form: ironing-board
Senses: glosses: A long board, often covered with fabric and having on legs that are usually collapsible, on which one can iron clothes.
examples: ref: 2018 January 12, Amanda Devlin, “'suck my t*ts' Ferne McCann defends her boobs in rant at trolls who cruelly mocked her ‘ironing board’ figure”, in The Sun:
glosses: A flat-chested woman.
extreme ironing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: synonyms: EI
glosses: The humorous extreme sport of ironing in various outdoor places, especially those that are remote or difficult to access.
EI
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: EIs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of employment insurance.
glosses: Initialism of extreme ironing.
glosses: Initialism of enhanced interrogation.
glosses: Initialism of enemy infantry.
topics: education
glosses: Initialism of extra instruction.
examples: text: Now, Nielsen is sending all hotel employees through EI training to help them become more open and confident, understand their own limitations and fears, and to boost their self-worth and comfort in dealing with other people.
ref: 2011 November 9, Susanne Gargiulo, “Emotional intelligence in the workplace”, in CNN:
glosses: Initialism of emotional intelligence.
EI
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Initialism of Encyclopædia Iranica.
item of clothing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: items of clothing
form: piece of clothing
Senses: glosses: A garment.
Related terms: piece of furniture
caron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæɹən/
rhymes: -æɹən
homophone: Karen
Forms: form: carons
Etymology: Etymology unknown; first known use is the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual of 1967, where it apparently referred to an inverted caret. Possibly derived from caret after its similar shape (^), and with -on either from macron or as an augmentative after reanalysis of -et as a diminutive.
Senses: glosses: háček
velocipede
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɪˈlɒs.ɪ.piːd/
ipa: /vəˈlɑsəˌpid/
Forms: form: velocipedes
Etymology: Borrowed from French vélocipède, from Latin velox (“swift”) + pes (“foot”).
Senses: glosses: An early two-wheeled conveyance upon which one rode astride a wooden frame propelled by means of pushing the feet against the ground.
glosses: Any three- or four-wheeled machine driven by foot or hand levers to the rear or front axle.
examples: text: Polly laughed as she ran to view the ruin, for Tom lay flat on his back with the velocipede atop of him
ref: 1870, Louisa May Alcott, An Old Fashioned Girl:
text: Jimmie Trescott's new velocipede had the largest front wheel of any velocipede in Whilomville.
ref: 1899, Stephen Crane, “"Showin' Off"”, in Harper’s Magazine:
text: “They can play with Willie’s playthings,” Nellie said. “They can’t ride on my velocipede!” Willie shouted.
ref: 1937, Laura Ingalls Wilder, On the Banks of Plum Creek:
glosses: A late-1860s bicycle driven by cranks on the front axle.
examples: text: […] his eyes fell upon the instantly recognizable if somewhat battered form of his own bicycle bell. […] 'Hold up there!' he cried, and 'Enough of that! Let loose that velocipede!'
Archroy heard the Irishman's frenzied cries and released his grip. Marchant toppled to the dust in a tangle of flailing spokes.
ref: 1992, Robert Rankin, The Antipope, page 197:
text: I sense a portent inflating / an unlikely fellowship forming / and yet as swiftly as communion effloresced, / they leave, / pedalling into the distance / on their restored velocipede.
ref: 2022, Dave Clarke, “Velocipede”, in Northern Territory Literary Awards, pages 26-27:
glosses: A bicycle.
Synonyms: sense: a late 1860s bicycle
word: boneshaker
Related terms: celeripede
velocity
velodrome
velocipede
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɪˈlɒs.ɪ.piːd/
ipa: /vəˈlɑsəˌpid/
Forms: form: velocipedes
form: velocipeding
form: velocipeded
form: velocipeded
Etymology: Borrowed from French vélocipède, from Latin velox (“swift”) + pes (“foot”).
Senses: examples: text: Polly and Maud willingly went, and watched his struggles with deep interest, till he got an upset, which nearly put an end to his velocipeding forever.
ref: 1870, Louisa May Alcott, An Old Fashioned Girl:
glosses: to ride on velocipede
Related terms: penny farthing
ordinary
petrichor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛt.ɹɪ.kə
ipa: -ˌkɔː/
ipa: /ˈpɛt.ɹɪˌkɔɹ
ipa: -kɚ/
Etymology: From petr(o)- + ichor.
Coined by Australian scientist Richard Grenfell Thomas in 1964 for the article “Nature of Argillaceous Odour”, co-authored by Isabel Joy Bear and published in the journal Nature.
Senses: examples: text: Though it had yet to begin raining, the familiar smell of petrichor appeared to be already present and Neelam suddenly wished she was sitting at home with a nice cup of tea and a good book.
ref: 2010, Val Panesar, For the Sake of the Future:
text: The sources of the heavenly scent during and immediately after it rains are petrichor and geosmin. Petricor is an oil produced by plants then absorbed by rocks and soil and released into the air during rainfall.
ref: 2012, Diane Olson, A Nature Lover's Almanac, Gibbs Smith, →ISBN:
glosses: The distinctive scent, caused by geosmin, which accompanies the first rain after a long, warm, dry spell.
examples: text: He hypothesizes that this factor may be petrichor, an oil which has been isolated from silicate minerals and rocks[…].
ref: 1980, John E Bardach et al., Fish Behavior and its Use in the Capture and Culture of Fishes:
glosses: The yellow organic oil that yields this scent.
Related terms: geosmin
sit-up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪt.ʌp/
Forms: form: sit-ups
form: situp
Etymology: Deverbal from sit up.
Senses: examples: text: Susan's doing sit-ups to strengthen her muscles.
hypernyms: exercise#Noun
coordinate_terms: crunch#Noun
;
chin-up#Noun
pull-up#Noun
push-up#Noun
press-up#Noun
glosses: An exercise in which the abdominal muscles are contracted, bringing the torso of a person lying down to a more upright position. The degree of difficulty can be controlled by choosing from partial-range or full-range versions.
castrate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kæsˈtɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæs.tɹeɪt/
Forms: form: castrates
Etymology: Likely from an unattested sense of Middle English castrat (“(adjective) castrated; (noun) a castrated animal”), substantivized borrowing of Latin castrātus, perfect passive participle of castrō (“to prune, amputate, castrate”), see -ate (noun-forming suffix)).
Senses: examples: text: The castrate voice had a strange power not duplicated by soprano or countertenor.
ref: 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
glosses: A castrated man; a eunuch.
castrate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kæsˈtɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæs.tɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæs.tɹeɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
ipa: /kæsˈtɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæs.tɹeɪt/
Forms: form: castrates
form: castrating
form: castrated
form: castrated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin castrātus, perfect passive participle of Latin castrō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Displaced native geld in its broader sense.
Senses: examples: text: If the priests of Diana of Ephesus castrated themselves and offered their genitals on the altar, it was because the phallus was the symbol of the dying body.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 129:
glosses: To remove the testicles of a person or animal.
glosses: To remove the ovaries and/or uterus of an animal.
glosses: To take something from; to render imperfect or ineffectual.
Synonyms: topics: horses
pets
sports
hobbies
lifestyle
english: generally used only for animals
translation: generally used only for animals
word: geld
topics: pets
lifestyle
english: generally used only for animals
translation: generally used only for animals
word: spay f
topics: pets
lifestyle
english: generally used only for animals
translation: generally used only for animals
word: neuter
english: used for all species and for both genders
translation: used for all species and for both genders
word: sterilize
Hyponyms: emasculate
Derived terms: castratable
castratee
castrater
castration
castratism
castrative
castrator
castratrix
hemicastrate
immunocastrate
semicastrate
uncastrate
these
Language: English
Part of speech: det
Pronunciation: enpr: thēz
ipa: /ðiːz/
ipa: /ðiz/
rhymes: -iːz
Etymology: From Middle English þes, from Old English þas, from Proto-West Germanic *þes-, a form of Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só. Compare with German diese.
Senses: examples: text: He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
text: Seinfeld, The Alternate Side
These pretzels are making me thirsty.
text: MDF and HDF – or medium-density fiberboard and high-density fiberboard – are two of the trendiest materials in woodworking these days.
ref: 2019 September 20, “MDF vs HDF: Understanding Differences and Best Uses in Woodworking”, in Forest Plywood:
glosses: plural of this
these
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Pronunciation: enpr: thēz
ipa: /ðiːz/
ipa: /ðiz/
rhymes: -iːz
Etymology: From Middle English þes, from Old English þas, from Proto-West Germanic *þes-, a form of Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só. Compare with German diese.
Senses: glosses: plural of this
Derived terms: between you and me and these four walls
if these walls could talk
one of these days
one of these odd-come-shortlies
these days
these islands
these ones
these things happen
with friends like these who needs enemies
those
Language: English
Part of speech: det
Pronunciation: ipa: /ðəʊz/
enpr: thōz
ipa: /ðoʊz/
ipa: [ðoːz]
rhymes: -əʊz
Etymology: From Middle English thos (“those”), alteration of tho pl (“the; those”), equivalent to tho (“the; those”) + -s (plural ending), partly by analogy with thes (“these”), whose final -s is original and not a plural ending. More at tho.
Senses: examples: text: Those bolts go with these parts.
text: Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:1:
text: When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose. And the queerer the cure for those ailings the bigger the attraction. A place like the Right Livers' Rest was bound to draw freaks, same as molasses draws flies.
ref: 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
text: From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.
ref: 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:
glosses: plural of that
Synonyms: word: them
those
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Pronunciation: ipa: /ðəʊz/
enpr: thōz
ipa: /ðoʊz/
ipa: [ðoːz]
rhymes: -əʊz
Etymology: From Middle English thos (“those”), alteration of tho pl (“the; those”), equivalent to tho (“the; those”) + -s (plural ending), partly by analogy with thes (“these”), whose final -s is original and not a plural ending. More at tho.
Senses: examples: text: those who serve [those persons who serve]
text: don't touch those [those objects over there]
glosses: plural of that
Derived terms: all things come to those who wait
God helps those who help themselves
good things come to those who wait
heaven helps those that help themselves
heaven helps those who help themselves
just one of those things
one of those days
one of those things
the Lord helps those that help themselves
the Lord helps those who help themselves
there are none so blind as those who will not see
there's none so blind as those who will not see
those ones
those people
those that have get
those that have get more
those were the days
those who have get
those who have get more
those who live in glass houses should not throw stones
those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones
those who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those doing it
to those it may concern
with friends like those who needs enemies
first cousin twice removed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: first cousins twice removed
Senses: glosses: grandchild of someone’s first cousin
glosses: cousin of someone’s grandparent
glosses: grandcousin
Related terms: first cousin
first cousin once removed
first cousin thrice removed
stepcousin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stepcousins
form: step-cousin
Etymology: From step- + cousin.
Senses: glosses: A nephew or niece of someone's stepparent; a child of someone's stepaunt or stepuncle (in the sense of a sibling of someone's stepparent).
glosses: A stepchild of someone's aunt or uncle; a stepnephew or stepniece (in the sense of a stepchild of someone's sibling) of someone's parent.
glosses: A child of someone's stepaunt or stepuncle (in the sense of a stepsibling of someone's parent); a stepnephew or stepniece (in the sense of a child of someone's stepsibling) of someone's parent.
Hypernyms: stepfamily
Related terms: stepnephew
stepniece
andronym
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: andronyms
Etymology: From andro- + -onym. First attested around 1906.
Senses: glosses: A man's name or a word derived from a man's name.
examples: text: A woman joins her husbands patrigroup at marriage; she acquires her husbands surname and andronym, and is treated as the bride of the patrigroup in village usage.
ref: 1991, Michael Herzfeld, “Silence, Submission and Subversion: Toward a Poetics of Womanhood”, in Contested Identities: Gender and Kinship in Modern Greece, →ISBN, page 89:
text: [S]he often uses the andronym rather than the patronym in her identifying inscription.
ref: 1999, “review of Johanna Fabricius, Die hellenistischen Totenmahlreliefs. Grabrepräsentation und Wertvorstellungen in ostgriechischen Städten. by Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway”, in Bryn Mawr Classical Review:
text: There are similar analogies in the Latin andronym Nero or the Lithuanian Nerijus, based on ‘male’ or ‘man’, but also VIRONIUS, and the more frequent VIRONUS, or possibly even VIRIUS and VIROTI, all of which are well documented in the Iberian peninsula
ref: 2000 (?), Ballester X., Quinn R., “L E CUNICULUS ‘RABBIT’ — A CELTIC ETYMOLOGY kovniklo”, in World Rabbit Science, volume 10, number 3, pages 125–129:
glosses: The name of the husband, taken on by the wife.
examples: text: Critical of Loti's sexist exploitation of women in his serial performances as an "Orientalist" writer, Marie Léra (writing under the andronym of 'Marc Hélys') persuaded a couple of friends she visited in Constantinople to join her in masquerading as veiled Turkish women when meeting the novelist
ref: 2001, K. K. Ruthven, Faking Literature, →ISBN, page 179:
glosses: A male name adopted by a woman.
Related terms: patronym
Tbilisi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /təˈbɪ.lɪ.si/
ipa: /tə.bɪˈliː.si/
other: /təˈbliː.si/
Etymology: From Russian Тбили́си (Tbilísi) and Georgian თბილისი (Tbilisi), variant of Old Georgian ტფილისი (Ṭpilisi), from ტფილი (ṭpili, “warm”) + -ისი (-isi).
Senses: examples: text: Giorgi Labadze, an American studies professor at the Tbilisi State University in the European country of Georgia, has raised alarms that the Civic Education Program […]
ref: 2025 February 26, “USAID’s Troubling Ties to the Left’s Dark Money Network”, in Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, page 2:
glosses: The capital city of the country of Georgia.
examples: text: T'bilisi said guerillas^([sic]) it did not control were involved in fighting on the Georgian side.
ref: 2002, Gregory Copley, Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook, page 632:
text: In addition, Moscow argued that Georgia had violated international law by introducing its forces into South Ossetia, a move Moscow said Tbilisi had committed itself not to do under the earlier CIS-sponsored peacekeeping arrangements.
ref: 2009, Svante E. Cornell, S. Frederick Star, The Guns of August 2008: Russia's War in Georgia, →ISBN, page 184:
text: The international observers demanded that Tbilisi make the original of the order available to them so that this aspect could be investigated. But Tbilisi said it was an official military secret and refused to hand over the document...
ref: 2011, Alexander Sosnowski, The Georgia Syndrome, page 25:
glosses: The government of Georgia.
Synonyms: word: Tiflis
Derived terms: Tbilisoba
eleet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Dated form of leet (“elite”).
eleet
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more eleet
form: most eleet
Senses: glosses: Dated form of leet (“elite”).
l33t
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of leet.
leetspeak
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈliːt.spiːk/
Forms: form: leetspeek
form: l33tspeak
form: l33t5p34k
form: 1337speak
form: 13375p34k
Etymology: From leet + -speak; the former element is from elite, respelled according to leetspeak conventions.
Senses: examples: text: well, after all i am a student of languages... which lets me peek into sociology now and then. i haven't studied the 'leet guys very much, but it seems to me that as they all understand their form of "communication", the main purpose (ie separating themselves as a group from the mainstream) is successful. especially as it is almost impossible to understand leetspeak at first.
ref: 1996 May 7, Thomas Weigle, “Re: Realmz Scenario Summary”, in comp.sys.mac.games.adventure (Usenet), retrieved 15 Jul 2016, message-ID <thomas.weigle-0705961754080001@dialup96-1-16.swipnet.se>:
text: Murg is God [It's "/\/\U|>,g 15 g4\/\/D" in l33tsp33k]
ref: 1997 June 12, KaFRoKa, “Re: Another new cascade!”, in alt.games.final-fantasy (Usenet), retrieved 15 Jul 2016, message-ID <5npiei$lrn$1@thor.atcon.com>:
text: People associate "l33t-speak" with hackers, so when new hackers start to get into the scene they assume they need to write like that, which perpetuates the belief that hackers use l33t-sp34k.
ref: 1998 May 24, Ben Cantrick, “Re: Abuse of alphanumerics. Why do haX0r d00dz do it?”, in alt.2600 (Usenet), retrieved 15 Jul 2016, message-ID <6k9pf8$f5o@peabody.colorado.edu>:
hypernyms: chatspeak
<
netspeak
coordinate_terms: textspeak
textese
glosses: A form of chatspeak characterized most strongly by its alphanumeric substitutions.
spay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: spā
ipa: /speɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: spae
homophone: Spey
Forms: form: spays
form: spaying
form: spayed
form: spayed
form: spade
form: spade
form: spaie
form: spave
form: spaye
form: spey
Etymology: From Middle English spayen, spaien, from the Anglo-Norman espeier, equivalent to the Old French espeer (“to cut with a sword”), from espee (“sword”), whence the Modern French épée.
Senses: examples: text: We’re having our cat spayed as we don’t want her having kittens.
text: With their eye on non-island countries, namely America, the authors of Cat Wars argue for a combination of spay/neuter programs, enclosed sanctuaries, and euthanasia.
ref: 2016 November 13, Britt Peterson, “The Case Against Cats”, in The Atlantic:
synonyms: splay
glosses: To destroy or remove the ovaries or uterus (of a female animal) to prevent pregnancy.
Synonyms: word: castrate
english: for a male
translation: for a male
word: emasculate
topics: horses
pets
sports
hobbies
lifestyle
english: used almost always of animals
translation: used almost always of animals
word: geld
topics: pets
lifestyle
english: used only of animals
translation: used only of animals
word: neuter
english: used for all species and for both genders
translation: used for all species and for both genders
word: sterilize
spay
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: spā
ipa: /speɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: spae
homophone: Spey
Forms: form: spays
form: spaie
form: spave
form: spaye
form: spey
Etymology: From Middle English spayen, spaien, from the Anglo-Norman espeier, equivalent to the Old French espeer (“to cut with a sword”), from espee (“sword”), whence the Modern French épée.
Senses: examples: text: I was queasy about my first spay of a far-gone feral and left it up to my vet.
ref: 1997 July 28, Sharon Talbert, “spay/abortion of pregnant cats”, in rec.pets.cat.rescue (Usenet):
glosses: The act of spaying an animal.
spay
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: spā
ipa: /speɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: spae
homophone: Spey
Forms: form: spays
Etymology: See spayard.
Senses: glosses: Rare spelling of spayard.
spay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: spā
ipa: /speɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: spae
homophone: Spey
Forms: form: spays
form: spaying
form: spayed
form: spayed
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of spae (to foretell or divine)
aphetic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈfɛtɪk/
ipa: /æˈfɛtɪk/
rhymes: -ɛtɪk
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄφετος (áphetos), equivalent to aphesis + -tic.
Senses: examples: text: “’Pon” is an aphetic form of “upon”.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
prosody
sciences
hypernyms: aphaeretic
glosses: Of, relating to, or formed by aphesis.
Hypernyms: aphaeretic
Derived terms: aphetically
aphetize
Related terms: aphesis
aphetism
aphetic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈfɛtɪk/
ipa: /æˈfɛtɪk/
rhymes: -ɛtɪk
Etymology: From apheta + -ic.
Senses: topics: astrology
human-sciences
mysticism
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to the apheta; life-giving.
aphesis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæ.fə.sɪs/
Forms: form: apheses
Etymology: Attested since 1880. Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄφεσις (áphesis, “letting go”), from ἀφίημι (aphíēmi), from ἀπό (apó, “off”) + ἵημι (híēmi, “send forth”).
Senses: examples: text: The word "scarp" is derived from "escarp" by aphesis.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
prosody
sciences
hypernyms: apheresis
procope
glosses: The loss of the initial unstressed vowel of a word.
wikipedia: aphesis
Related terms: apheresis
aphetic
aphetism
aphetize
aphetized
English aphetic forms
Aphetic forms by language
weren't
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɜːnt/
ipa: /ˈwɝn̩t/
ipa: [ˈwɝ.ənt]
ipa: [wɝ̃(ʔ)t̚]
ipa: [wɝn]
ipa: [wɝ̃ʔ]
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈwɜː(ɾɨ)ɳʈ/
ipa: /wɑːɹnt/
ipa: /ˈwɑːɹənt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nt
Forms: form: warn't
form: wern't
form: worn't
Etymology: were + -n't
Senses: glosses: Contraction of were not.
Related terms: aren't
wasn't
we'll
Language: English
Part of speech: contraction
Pronunciation: enpr: wēl
ipa: /wiːl/
ipa: /wil/
ipa: /wi.əl/
ipa: /wɪl/
ipa: /wəl/
homophone: weal
homophone: wheal
homophone: wheel (wine–whine merger)
homophone: will (in some accents)
rhymes: -iːl
rhymes: -ɪl
Forms: form: we'l
Etymology: Contraction of we will and we shall.
Senses: examples: text: Tunnels often feature in fictional journeys, so I will end with quotations from a fairly recent novel, Howard Spring's "Fame is the Spur", published in 1940, in which there is a journey from Manchester to Bradford via the Calder Valley route: "Ay, we're going through Todmorden. We'll soon be in t' tunnel, and when we get to t' other end we'll be in Yorkshire," and "Ah think this is t' filthiest tunnel in t' world."
ref: 1957 May 24, Neil Caplan, “Railways in English Fiction”, in Railway Magazine, page 350:
glosses: we will
glosses: we shall
Related terms: he'll
I'll
she'll
they'll
we'd
we're
we've
you'll
they'll
Language: English
Part of speech: contraction
Pronunciation: ipa: /ðeɪl/
ipa: /ðɛl/
rhymes: -eɪl
homophone: there'll
Forms: form: they’l
Senses: glosses: Contraction of they will.
glosses: Contraction of they shall.
Related terms: he'll
I'll
she'll
they'd
they're
they've
we'll
you'll
wert
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɜːt/
ipa: /wɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
ipa: /wət/
Senses: examples: text: Why wert thou there?
text: 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, To A Skylark, (first two lines of ode),
"Hail to thee, blithe Spirit! Bird thou never wert, ..."
synonyms: wast
glosses: second-person singular simple past indicative of be
examples: text: If thou wert mine, I would be in heaven!
text: If thou wert pure and upright; surely now he would awake for thee, ...
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 8:6:
text: I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 3:15:
synonyms: were
glosses: second-person singular simple past subjunctive of be
Related terms: am
are
art
be
been
beest
being
is
was
wast
were
wast
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: wŏst
ipa: /wɒst/
enpr: wôst
ipa: /wɔst/
enpr: wäst
ipa: /wɑst/
rhymes: -ɒst
enpr: wəst
ipa: /wəst/
Etymology: From Late Middle English wast; equivalent to was + -est.
Senses: examples: text: I remember the day when thou wast born.
text: Take thou no scorn to wear the horn, It was a crest ere thou wast born […]
ref: c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene 2 (a hunting song)]:
text: And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:11:
text: And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, O Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be, because thou hast judged thus.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 16:5:
text: Alas! We two, we two, thou say'st!
Yea, one wast thou with me
That once of old.
ref: 1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, lines 97–99:
glosses: second-person singular simple past indicative of be; wert.
Related terms: am
are
art
be
been
beest
being
is
was
were
wert
wast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: wŏst
ipa: /wɒst/
enpr: wôst
ipa: /wɔst/
enpr: wäst
ipa: /wɑst/
rhymes: -ɒst
enpr: wəst
ipa: /wəst/
Forms: form: wasts
Senses: glosses: Obsolete form of waist.
wakey wakey
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Forms: form: waky waky
Senses: glosses: Wake up.
Derived terms: wakey wakey, eggs and bakey
withheld
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɪθˈhɛld/
ipa: /wɪðˈhɛld/
rhymes: -ɛld
Senses: examples: text: His withheld hand stared down at my weakly outstretched one.
text: The names originally withheld from the report, have been leaked.
text: The former employee returned to demand his withheld check.
glosses: That has been kept or held back from the possession or knowledge of another.
withheld
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɪθˈhɛld/
ipa: /wɪðˈhɛld/
rhymes: -ɛld
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of withhold
Synonyms: sense: kept from knowledge
word: confidential
sense: kept from knowledge
word: secret
withhold
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɪθˈhəʊld/
ipa: /wɪðˈhəʊld/
ipa: /wɪθˈhoʊld/
ipa: /wɪðˈhoʊld/
rhymes: -əʊld
Forms: form: withholds
form: withholding
form: withheld
form: withheld
form: withholden
form: with-hold
Etymology: From Middle English withholden. Equivalent to with- + hold.
Senses: examples: text: The bank withheld her credit card.
glosses: To keep (a physical object that one has obtained) to oneself rather than giving it back to its owner.
examples: text: withhold vital information
text: a withheld phone number
glosses: To keep (information, assent etc) to oneself rather than revealing it.
examples: text: I’ll withhold from asking about it.
text: Do you wish to proceed with those down the line in that order? […] We’ll withhold for now.
ref: 1971 October 26, William J. Randall, Hearings Before the Special Committee on the Utilization of Manpower in the Military […] House of Representatives, Ninety-Second Congress, First and Second Sessions, published 1972, page 12759:
text: On the assumption that a vast majority of readers also enjoy writing, I could not withhold from asking the expert for some advice.
ref: 2015 February 25, “My day at Malorie Blackman's book launch”, in The Guardian:
text: Maria Goldberg, marketing director for Great Southern Restaurants, said The Fish House in Pensacola, so far, has been able to withhold from raising menu prices.
ref: 2022 January 10, Brittany Misencik, “Pensacola seafood markets face no-win choice amid pandemic: Raise prices or cut stock”, in Pensacola News Journal:
glosses: To stay back, to refrain.
Synonyms: sense: keep (a physical object) to oneself
word: retain
Derived terms: overwithhold
underwithhold
withhold
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɪθˈhəʊld/
ipa: /wɪðˈhəʊld/
ipa: /wɪθˈhoʊld/
ipa: /wɪðˈhoʊld/
rhymes: -əʊld
Forms: form: withholds
form: with-hold
Etymology: From Middle English withholden. Equivalent to with- + hold.
Senses: examples: text: I was afraid to go into review for the help I needed because of the withholds I had against the organization, withholds acquired at the franchise: our late evening discussions, our kidding around at the expense of other Scientologists.
ref: 1972, Robert Kaufman, Inside Scientology: How I Joined Scientology and Became Superhuman, →ISBN, page 150:
text: Dianetics is concerned with purifying the individual of negative emotions, evil spirits, overts, and withholds.
ref: 1976, Nathaniel Lande, Mindstyles, Lifestyles, →ISBN, page 133:
text: The scientology theory is that marriages fail because one or both partners have undisclosed withholds, and when they confess these to their spouse their desire to end the relationship is dissipated and the marriage is saved.
ref: 2022, Mike Rinder, A Billion Years: My Escape from a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology, →ISBN, pages 138–9:
topics: Scientology
lifestyle
religion
glosses: An immoral action or condition (an overt) that has not been disclosed to others; the consciousness of such an action or condition.
Derived terms: O/W
wrap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: răp
ipa: /ɹæp/
rhymes: -æp
homophone: rap
ipa: /ɹɒp/
ipa: /(w)ræp/
Forms: form: wraps
Etymology: From Middle English wrappe, from the verb (see above).
Senses: glosses: Paper or sheeting that is wrapped around something to protect, contain, or conceal it.
glosses: A loose piece of women's clothing that one wraps around the body; a shawl or scarf.
examples: text: ‘I see you have had our Lowick Cicero here,’ she said, seating herself comfortably, throwing back her wraps, and showing a thin but well-built figure.
ref: 1872, George Eliot, Middlemarch, Book I, chapter 6:
glosses: An outer garment worn as protection while riding, travelling etc.
glosses: A type of food consisting of various ingredients wrapped in a tortilla or pancake.
examples: text: But she could knock off right after the wrap, have dinner, and take a later flight.
ref: 1994, Olivia Goldsmith, Fashionably Late:
text: The first time I met him is when we went to the – after the wrap party, we went to a little sound room – or a little screening room and watched the preview
ref: 2003 January 12, “Encore Presentation: Interview With the Bee Gees”, in CNN_KingWknd:
text: And that's a wrap on "News Watch." For Judy, Jim, Cal and Kirsten, I'm Jon Scott. We'll see you again next week.'
ref: 2009 November 14, Fox News Watch:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
glosses: The completion of all or a major part of a performance.
glosses: A wraparound mortgage.
examples: text: This is a news report from the scene of the event. When a voicer and an actuality are combined into one complete story, it's known as a wrap.
ref: 2005, Alan R. Stephenson, David E. Reese, Mary E. Beadle, Broadcast Announcing Worktext, page 164:
text: Attend a news conference, and prepare a wrap or package.
ref: 2005, Ted White, Broadcast News: Writing, Reporting, and Producing, page 245:
topics: broadcasting
media
radio
television
synonyms: package
glosses: A complete news report ready for broadcast, incorporating spoken reporting and other material.
examples: text: Give the present a quick wrap before James sees it.
glosses: The act of wrapping
Derived terms: alpha wrap
body wrap
book wrap
breakfast wrap
bubble wrap
bubble-wrap
cash wrap
cling wrap
cling-wrap
daily wrap
diaper wrap
evening wrap
fish wrap
fish-wrap
food wrap
gift-wrap
giftwrap
glad wrap
nappy wrap
omega wrap
saran-wrap
saran wrap
Saran wrap
spider wrap
stretch wrap
tea-wrap
that's a wrap
tie wrap
under wraps
voice wrap
wire wrap
word wrap
wrap account
wrap dress
wrap party
wrap service
wrap-up
wrist wrap
wrap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: răp
ipa: /ɹæp/
rhymes: -æp
homophone: rap
ipa: /ɹɒp/
ipa: /(w)ræp/
Forms: form: wraps
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of rap (“appraisal”).