cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
orchestrate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔː(ɹ).kə.stɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈɔɹ.kəstˌɹeɪt/
Forms: form: orchestrates
form: orchestrating
form: orchestrated
form: orchestrated
Etymology: From orchestra + -ate (verb-forming suffix). Compare French orchestrer.
Senses: glosses: To arrange or score music for performance by an orchestra.
examples: text: Sergio Leone orchestrated "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly".
glosses: To compose or arrange orchestral music for a dramatic performance.
examples: text: Orchestrated histories are not fact-based.
text: Here is chromophonic montage at its most skillful, as Minnelli orchestrates camera movement, music, and lighting in a crescendo of sound and color which red comes to dominate in the climactic moment of violent explosion.
ref: 1980, Film/psychology Review, volume 4, page 80:
text: By orchestrating this work with such cool reserve, Doolas avoided the pitfall of turning her celebration of womanhood into a free-for-all hugfest.
ref: 1988 March 4, Justin Hayford, “Ambiguous Gestures”, in Chicago Reader:
text: State ceremonies aimed to induce a sense of respectful awe and emotional surrender in participants by an increasingly orchestrated and theatrical ceremonialism.
ref: 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 529:
text: He might orchestrate the curved lines into stepped, hivelike hills […].
ref: 2007 January 26, Roberta Smith, “Outside In”, in The New York Times:
glosses: To arrange or direct diverse elements to achieve a desired effect
Derived terms: bandstrated
disorchestrated
misorchestrate
orchestrater
overorchestrate
reorchestrate
unorchestrated
Related terms: orchestration
orchestrator
orchestration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: orchestrations
Etymology: From French orchestration. Equivalent to orchestrate + -ion.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The arrangement of music for performance by an orchestra.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A composition that has been orchestrated.
examples: 22 March 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Hunger Gameshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-hunger-games,71293/
It’s “The Most Dangerous Game” by way of The Running Man and Battle Royale, with touches of Survivor and the mass-scale orchestration of The Truman Show.
glosses: The control of diverse elements.
examples: text: Microservices applications can be formed with thousand of containers. We need a proper container orchestration framework to handle all of these containers. Let's discuss Kubernetes, which is the most popular container orchestration system, in the next section.
ref: 2021, Dhanushka Madushan, Cloud Native Applications with Ballerina […] , Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 130:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The automated arrangement, coordination, and management of computer systems, middleware, and services.
Derived terms: bandstration
orchestrational
reorchestration
ordeal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɔːˈdiːl/
ipa: /ɔɹˈdil/
rhymes: -iːl
Forms: form: ordeals
Etymology: From Middle English ordel, ordal, from Medieval Latin ordālium or inherited from its source Old English ordēl, ordāl (“ordeal, judgement”), from Proto-West Germanic *uʀdailī (“judgement”, literally “an out-dealing”), from *uʀdailijan (“to deal out; dispense”), equivalent to or- + deal.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Uurdeel (“judgement; verdict”), West Frisian oardiel (“judgement”), Dutch oordeel (“judgement, discretion”), Low German Oordeel (“judgement; verdict”), German Urteil (“judgement, verdict”).
Senses: examples: text: trial by ordeal
glosses: A trial in which the accused was subjected to a dangerous test (such as ducking in water), divine authority deciding the guilt of the accused.
examples: text: “And do you realize that in a few shakes I've got to show up at dinner and have Mrs Cream being very, very kind to me? It hurts the pride of the Woosters, Jeeves.” “My advice, sir, would be to fortify yourself for the ordeal.” “How?” “There are always cocktails, sir. Should I pour you another?” “You should.”
ref: 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XXI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:
text: All the same, nearly eight hours on the footplate covering a distance of 320 miles, with an ambient temperature of up to 103° for much of the time, proved an ordeal which I would not lightly undertake again.
ref: 1960 October, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated, page 611:
text: Arsène Wenger confessed: "The result was not an accurate indication of the match." Certainly, at half-time it seemed unlikely that Arsenal would catch fire so spectacularly because the first half was a damp squib of a display from Wenger's team, as Newcastle initially showed no ill-effects from their Old Trafford ordeal.
ref: 2012 December 29, Paul Doyle, “Arsenal's Theo Walcott hits hat-trick in thrilling victory over Newcastle”, in The Guardian:
glosses: A painful or trying experience.
glosses: The poisonous ordeal bean or Calabar bean.
Derived terms: ordalian
ordeal bean
ordeal tree
trial by ordeal
Related terms: trial by fire
orderliness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔːdəlɪnəs/
Forms: form: orderlinesses
Etymology: From orderly + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Even at the busiest periods, an air of quiet orderliness pervades the hall, and the first impression gained by the traveller is one of efficiency, neatness and cleanliness.
ref: 1951 October, H. A. Vallance, “Across Denmark by Lyntog”, in Railway Magazine, page 658:
text: Voltaire had drawn on Newton to demonstrate an allegedly divine orderliness in the natural world which left no space for God's intervention in human affairs [...].
ref: 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 205:
glosses: The fact of having a regular, proper and systematic arrangement.
glosses: Orderly behaviour.
order of the day
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: orders of the day
Senses: examples: 1808, From the Journals of the House of Assembly of Lower Canada, during the Hart affair; Proceedings Relating to the Expulsion of Ezekiel Hart from the House of Assembly of Lower Canada
The order of the day for the House to resolve into a Committee of the whole, to take into further consideration, the petition of Ezekiel Hart, Esquire, being read.
glosses: The business to be done by a body (such as a legislature) on a particular day; an agenda.
examples: text: White tie and tails are the order of the day.
text: Throughout the world, change is the order of the day.
ref: 1935 January 4, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Second State of the Union Address:
text: The ranks of political prisoners swelled into the thousands, and beatings, torture, and official murder became the order of the day.
ref: 1987 July 18, Ronald Reagan, Presidential Radio Address:
text: Standard-issue liberal guilt and hand-wringingly uninteresting dilemmas are the order of the day, with no real surprises or challenges.
ref: 2016 January 7, Peter Bradshaw, “A War review – standard issue Afghan war drama”, in the Guardian, →ISSN:
text: I'm not in the mood for whisky, nor beer. Something soft would be sensible, but I decide that wine is the order of the day - a sauvignon blanc, which I take with a few olives.
ref: 2023 February 8, Greg Morse, “Crossing the border... by Sleeper”, in RAIL, number 976, page 42:
glosses: The most significant aspect of something; what is necessary or appropriate.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: The general directive of a commander in chief or the specific instructions of a commanding officer.
Related terms: order of business
ordinarily
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɔːdɪˈnæɹɪli/
ipa: /ɔɹdɪˈnɛɹɪli/
Etymology: From ordinary + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: It is ordinarily seene how good intentions, being managed without moderation, thrust men into most vicious effects.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 19, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
glosses: In accordance with normal custom or routine; as a matter of established occurrence.
examples: text: Ordinarily I go to the match on a Saturday.
text: I'm ordinarily supportive of free speech, but this dispay is obnoxious.
ref: 1980 December 27, John Zeh, quoting Ron Rucker, “Cincy Activists Protest Store's Violent Sex Wares”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 23, page 3:
glosses: Usually or as a general rule; commonly.
examples: text: The man was ordinarily dressed.
glosses: In the usual manner; unexceptionally.
Synonyms: sense: accordance with normal custom
word: conventionally
sense: accordance with normal custom
word: customarily
sense: accordance with normal custom
word: traditionally
word: commonly
raw_tags: as a general rule
word: most of the time
word: usually
word: routinely
word: normally
ordinary seaman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ordinary seamen
form: OS
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: The lowest grade of seaman in the merchant marine; the grade below able-bodied seaman.
BOB
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: BOBs
Etymology: Acronym of battery-operated boyfriend, fortuitously spelling out the male given name Bob in the case of the humorous colloquial definition.
Senses: glosses: Vibrator (device designed to stimulate a woman's genitals).
BOB
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Acronym of back of the book.
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
philately
glosses: Back-of-the-book; denoting those stamps in a catalogue that are not used for the payment of regular postage fees, and are displayed separately in the catalogue after that listing; the division between these two groups varies with the publisher.
BOB
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Acronym of bur oak blight (“a fungal disease of plants”).
ordination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: ordinations
Etymology: From Middle French ordination, from Old French ordinacion, from Latin ordinatio.
Senses: glosses: The act of ordaining or the state of being ordained.
topics: Christianity
glosses: The ceremony in which a priest is consecrated, considered a sacrament in the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
topics: Buddhism
lifestyle
religion
glosses: the ceremony in which a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni is ordained into the sangha
Derived terms: co-ordination
misordination
nonordination
ordination hall
ordination mill
self-ordination
Ordnance Survey
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: So called because in earlier days the survey was carried out under the direction of the Master-general of the Ordnance.
Senses: synonyms: OS
glosses: Originally the branch of government that produced maps for the military, now a civilian organisation that produces maps worldwide.
glosses: Similar organisations in Ireland and Northern Ireland.
Ordnance Survey map
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Ordnance Survey maps
Senses: glosses: any of a large series of high quality, detailed maps of Great Britain produced in a variety of scales originally for military, but now for leisure or business use
organ stop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: organ stops
Senses: glosses: Any of many knobs near the keyboard of an organ used to select different sounds or timbres.
glosses: The timbre so produced.
organist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: organists
Etymology: From Middle French organiste, from Medieval Latin organista. By surface analysis, organ + -ist.
Senses: glosses: A musician who plays the organ.
Derived terms: barrel organist
church organist
mouth organist
organistship
pipe organist
water organist
landline
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlændˌlaɪn/
Forms: form: landlines
form: land line
Etymology: From land + line.
Senses: examples: text: The land line was eight months later in its completion than was anticipated, but the fleet of cable ships, sent out by the British Australian Telegraph Company, arrived in Port Darwin at the date appointed by them: November 6th, 1871.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 134:
glosses: A fixed telephone communications cable; originally, one run over land, as opposed to a submarine cable.
glosses: A telephone connected by such a fixed wire that allows multiple phones to operate simultaneously on the same phone number, specifically not wireless/mobile.
glosses: That which is connected by such a fixed wire (telephone, internet etc.).
Synonyms: wireline
Derived terms: nonlandline
Related terms: groundline
hardline
FOB
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: F.O.B.
form: F. O. B.
form: fob
Senses: glosses: Initialism of free on board.
examples: text: All I knew was, the three-year gap made the difference between passing as American and being exposed as FOB.
ref: 2022, Ling Ma, “G”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:
glosses: Initialism of fresh off the boat.
FOB
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: FOBs
form: F.O.B.
form: F. O. B.
form: fob
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Initialism of forward operating base.
glosses: Initialism of flash of brilliance.
glosses: Initialism of freedom of belief.
examples: text: It seemed at times that everyone was an FOB — everyone, that is, who'd emerged from the ivyest groves of academia […]
ref: 2007, David Lebedoff, The Uncivil War: How a New Elite Is Destroying Our Democracy, page 133:
topics: government
politics
glosses: Initialism of friend of Bill: a supporter of Bill Clinton.
examples: text: There has been an inordinate delay in starting work on the foot over bridge (FOB) with escalators in front of D.G. Vaishnav College on Poonamallee High Road in Arumbakkam. […] The FOB at P.H. Road, which is maintained by the state highways department, is one of seven similar facilities planned at various places in the city at a cost of Rs. 28 crore and being executed by the department.
ref: 2014 August 30, D. Madhavan, “Need for foot over bridge keenly felt”, in The Hindu:
glosses: Initialism of foot overbridge: a pedestrian overpass.
examples: text: Everyone was Chinese. Some of the students were ABCs. That means "American-born Chinese." Others were FOBs. FOB means "fresh off the boat" and it is a bad insult. I didn't feel prejudiced about the FOBs because I was one of them.
ref: 1993, Susan Kulkin, Speaking Out: Teenagers Take on Race, Sex, and Identity, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 59:
synonyms: word: freshie
word: greener
word: new chum
word: blow-in
word: come-here
word: comeling
word: entrant
word: FOB
word: fresh meat
word: freshie
word: greener
word: incomer
word: Johnny-come-lately
word: Johnny Raw
word: new chum
word: newcomer
word: newbie
word: newling
word: offcomer
word: outcomeling
word: stranger
glosses: Initialism of fresh off the boat, a recent immigrant.
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: Abbreviation of fecal occult blood.
Derived terms: fobbit
fobby
FOBT
FOBulous
FOB
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: F.O.B.
form: F. O. B.
form: fob
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Initialism of Fall Out Boy, an American pop-punk band formed in Chicago.
free on board
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: synonyms: FOB
fob
coordinate_terms: free alongside
glosses: Without charge to the purchaser for delivery on board a carrier (originally a ship), at a specified location or point.
can-opener
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: can-openers
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of can opener.
tin-opener
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tin-openers
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of tin opener; can opener
oz
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊns/
rhymes: -aʊns
Forms: form: oz
form: ozs
form: oz.
Etymology: From Italian oz., abbreviation of onza (obsolete form of oncia).
Senses: examples: text: Add 8 oz of flour.
glosses: Abbreviation of ounce; any of various units of weight and volume.
fob off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: fobs off
form: fobbing off
form: fobbed off
form: fobbed off
form: fub off
Senses: examples: text: When I phoned up, I was fobbed off with a string of excuses.
text: You must not think to fob off our disgrace ; but, an't please you, deliver.
ref: c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
text: A conspiracy of bishops could prostrate and fob off the right of the people.
ref: 1641 May, John Milton, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England: And the Cavses that hitherto have Hindred it. […], [London]: […] Thomas Vnderhill, →OCLC; republished in (Please provide a date or year):
text: Let’s not be fobbed off by the lie that trophy hunting is promoting conservation of these endangered species.
ref: 2018 December 20, Liz Pain, “Letters: The complex issue of big game trophy hunting”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: Other species have evolved elaborate defenses to deter “brood parasites,” birds that try to fob off the tedious work of parenting by slipping their eggs into other birds’ nests.
ref: 2020 August 4, Richard Conniff, “They may look goofy, but ostriches are nobody’s fool”, in National Geographic Magazine:
glosses: To use lies, excuses, or deceit to satisfy (someone); to deceitfully appease someone by giving something that is spurious or inferior from what was wanted or expected.
examples: text: He fobbed off the forgery as genuine.
glosses: To fraudulently dispose of (goods).
Synonyms: sense: to fraudulently dispose of
word: foist
sense: to fraudulently dispose of
word: pass off
sense: to fraudulently dispose of
word: palm off
sense: to fraudulently dispose of
word: pawn off
high tension
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more high tension
form: most high tension
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of high-tension.
high-tension
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more high-tension
form: most high-tension
Senses: examples: text: a high-tension power cable
glosses: Having a relatively high voltage.
examples: text: a high-tension rope
glosses: Having or undergoing a great degree of tension, very taut.
examples: text: a high-tension meeting
glosses: Very tense; stressful.
orientation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: orientations
Etymology: From French orientation. By surface analysis, orient + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The determination of the relative position of something or someone.
glosses: The relative physical position or direction of something.
glosses: The construction of a Christian church to have its aisle in an east-west direction with the altar at the east end.
glosses: An inclination, tendency or direction.
examples: text: The homing instinct in pigeons is an example of orientation.
antonyms: disorientation
glosses: The ability to orient, or the process of so doing.
glosses: An adjustment to a new environment.
glosses: An introduction to a (new) environment.
topics: education
glosses: An introduction to a (new) environment.
Events to orient new students at a school; events to help new students become familiar with a school.
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: The direction of print across the page; landscape or portrait.
examples: text: And now, I want to help other asexual people to embrace their orientation without an instilled core of self-doubt.
ref: 2014 June 18, Julie Sondra Decker, “How to Tell If You Are Asexual”, in Time:
glosses: Ellipsis of sexual orientation.
topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
qualifier: differential geometry
glosses: The choice of which ordered bases are "positively" oriented and which are "negatively" oriented on a real vector space.
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
topology
glosses: The designation of a parametrised curve as "positively" or "negatively" oriented; the analogous description of a surface or hypersurface.
Derived terms: biorientation
coorientation
family of orientation
macro-level orientation
malorientation
micro-level orientation
misorientation
monoorientation
multiorientation
orientational
orientation cage
orientation camp
orientation course
orientationist
orientation week
photoorientation
preorientation
reorientation
romantic orientation
sexual orientation
Related terms: nonorientable
orient
orientable
orientalism
orientate
orienteer
attraction
originality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˌɹɪd͡ʒɪˈnælɪti/
Forms: form: originalities
Etymology: From French originalité. By surface analysis, original + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: The space at my disposal does not permit me to go into Mr. Bulleid's paper in detail, but it is impossible to refrain from an expression of admiration at the originality that has been packed into this outstanding design.
ref: 1946 March and April, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, pages 105–106:
glosses: The quality of being original or novel.
examples: text: Originality may be the capacity to look at the same facts and see new explanations.
ref: 2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 132:
text: This story of how American originality lost its way is arresting and well told. On an alternate timeline without Donald Trump in office dismantling the American scientific establishment and Elon Musk kneecapping the American state, it might have been the manifesto of a new politics.
ref: 2025 March 18, Samuel Moyn, “Can Democrats Learn to Dream Big Again?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 27 Mar 2025:
glosses: The capacity to think independently or be inventive.
examples: text: This houses a waiting room and gentlemen's toilets which, despite some new sanitary fittings in early BR days, fell out of use over 40 years ago, becoming dilapidated - and so remained as the only room on the station to retain its originality.
ref: 2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The Railway Heritage Trust Conservation Award: Newcastle Central”, in RAIL, number 946, page 59:
glosses: Something original.
examples: text: Church Street has been reclaimed from vendors who had encroached every bit of pedestrian walk. BBMP evicted more than 70 of them and restored to its originality.
ref: 2024 October 12, @bykarthikreddy, Twitter:
glosses: The original state or condition of a thing.
Derived terms: threshold of originality
unoriginality
colorphobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌkʌlɚˈfoʊbi.ə/
Forms: form: colourphobia
Etymology: From color + -phobia.
Senses: glosses: Fear, hate, or dislike of people of a particular skin color.
origination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: originations
Senses: glosses: The process of bringing something into existence.
examples: example
glosses: The act of bringing something into existence.
Derived terms: unorigination
originator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtə/
ipa: /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtɚ/
ipa: [əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪɾɚ]
ipa: /ɔˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtɚ/
ipa: [ɔˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪɾɚ]
Forms: form: originators
Etymology: From originate + -or.
Senses: examples: text: Another perfume was known as nicerotiana, named after its originator Nicerotas.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 180:
text: These relay stations are actually special-purpose email servers. They are used to relay spam from the spam's originator so that the originator cannot be traced.
ref: 2004, Jeff Duntemann, Degunking Your Email, Spam, and Viruses, page 209:
glosses: Someone who originates, creates or founds something.
Derived terms: call originator
originatress
Eileen
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /aɪˈliːn/
ipa: /ˈaɪliːn/
rhymes: -iːn
rhymes: -aɪliːn
Forms: form: Aileen
form: Eyleen
Etymology: Anglicized form of Irish Eibhlín, Eilín or Aibhilín, all cognates of Evelyn. Sometimes also used for the Irish name Éibhleann, possibly from Old Irish oíph (“radiance, beauty”).
Senses: examples: text: Come on Eileen / Oh, I swear (What he means) / At this moment / You mean everything
ref: 1982, “Come On Eileen”, in Too-Rye-Ay, performed by Dexys Midnight Runners:
glosses: A female given name from Irish.
Mario
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmaɹiəʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɑːɹiəʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɑɹioʊ/
ipa: /ˈmæɹioʊ/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈmɛɹioʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɐːɹiəʉ/
ipa: /ˈmæɹiəʉ/
Forms: form: Marios
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian and Spanish Mario, both of which coming from Latin Marius.
Senses: examples: text: It's-a me! Mario!
text: Mario enjoying the smells of the calliopsis alongside the grounds' quincunx paths, the sweetish pines and the briers' yeasty musk […].
ref: 1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 80:
text: Coccinelle, the flamboyant star of a female-impersonation revue at the Carrousel Club in Paris, recounted the saga of her physical transformation to Italiaan journalist Mario Costa.
ref: 2001, Susan Stryker, Queer Pulp, page 82:
text: But there’s no need to bug out if you see the fuzzy eight-legged creature, as they’re pretty much harmless, said Mario Padilla, head entomologist at the Butterfly Pavilion and Insect Center near Denver.
ref: 2019 August 9, Dylan Miettinen, “Is that love in the air? Thousands of tarantulas to descend on southeast Colorado in search of mates”, in CNN:
glosses: A male given name from Italian or Spanish.
Derived terms: Mario Andretti
Marioesque
Mariolike
Mario
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmaɹiəʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɑːɹiəʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɑɹioʊ/
ipa: /ˈmæɹioʊ/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈmɛɹioʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɐːɹiəʉ/
ipa: /ˈmæɹiəʉ/
Forms: form: Marios
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian and Spanish Mario, both of which coming from Latin Marius.
Senses: topics: automotive
hobbies
lifestyle
motor-racing
racing
sports
transport
vehicles
glosses: Ellipsis of Mario Andretti (“one who drives fast or recklessly”).
Soviet Union
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɒviət ˈjuːniən/
ipa: /ˈsəʊvɪət ˈjuːniən/
ipa: /ˈsoʊviət ˈjuːnjən/
Forms: form: the Soviet Union
Etymology: Clipping of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Attested since October 1919 in U.S. newspapers.
Senses: examples: text: Hence the famous February 9th 1946 speech at the Bolshoi Theatre, where Stalin announced that the Soviet Union was returning to its pre-war emphasis on industrialization, war-preparedness, and the inevitability of conflict between capitalism and Communism, and made explicit what was already obvious, that henceforth the Soviet Union would cooperate with the West only when it suited her.
ref: 2005, Tony Judt, “The Impossible Settlement”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010, →ISBN:
synonyms: USSR
CCCP
SSSR
SU
Russia
glosses: A former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries. Official name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
glosses: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Related terms: Armenian SSR
Azerbaijan SSR
Byelorussian SSR
Estonian SSR
Georgian SSR
Kazakh SSR
Kyrgyz SSR
Latvian SSR
Lithuanian SSR
Moldavian SSR
Russian SFSR
Tajik SSR
Turkmen SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Uzbek SSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Estonia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
adat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: adats
Etymology: Borrowed from Malay adat, from Classical Persian عادت ('ādat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appertain, to be proper”).
Senses: examples: text: [T]he early-nineteenth-century Padri movement […] was an accelerated programme of religious renewal in West Sumatra, an attempt to cleanse Islam of adat or local customary law and practices.
ref: 2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins, published 2021, page 254:
glosses: Traditional custom or law, in Islamic parts of Southeast Asia.
leadership
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlidɚʃɪp/
ipa: /ˈliːdəʃɪp/
Forms: form: leaderships
Etymology: From leader + -ship.
Senses: examples: text: Personal leadership is a fundamental of successful government. I do not mean the leadership of the band of good fellows and good schemers who followed President Harding, nor the purely perfunctory party loyalty which has part of the time in part of the country sustained the present Chief Executive. I mean that leadership which, by sheer force of mind, by chain of unanswerable logic, has brought friends and foes alike to enact vitally needed measures of government reform.
ref: 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Presentation”, in The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith, Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, pages 28–29:
text: Shepard: You have a plan?
Ambassador Udina: The galaxy needs leadership. Real leadership. When a crisis hits, we can't be paralyzed by debate like the old Council.
Ambassador Udina: The new Council must rule with a single voice. It must be assembled from one species alone -- humanity!
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel:
glosses: The capacity of someone to lead others.
examples: text: People who talk about an imminent possibility of war seldom pose this question: What would North Korea’s leadership get from unleashing a war that they are likely to lose in weeks, if not days?
ref: 2013 April 9, Andrei Lankov, “Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, in The New York Times:
text: Companies should survey their employees regularly to evaluate the implementation among the leaderships and peers.
ref: 2018 December 10, Kathryn Vasel, “How to create a company culture that works”, in CNN:
text: In stark opposition to what CBS editorial leadership told staff on Monday, Redstone said that she did not believe Dokoupil had violated the network’s editorial standards when he grilled Coates over the contents of his new book.
ref: 2024 October 9, Hadas Gold, Liam Reilly and Brian Stelter, “Shari Redstone says CBS leaders made ‘bad mistake’ with handling of Ta-Nehisi Coates interview fallout”, in CNN:
glosses: A group of leaders.
glosses: The office or status of a leader.
Derived terms: anti-leadership
attitude reflects leadership
deckplate leadership
e-leadership
leadership spill
losership
misleadership
Canadienne
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌkanaˈdjɛn/
Forms: form: Canadiennes
Etymology: From Canadian French Canadienne.
Senses: glosses: female French-Canadian
Coordinate terms: Canadien
socialite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪt/
Forms: form: socialites
Etymology: From social (“pertaining to high society”) + -ite, perhaps as a play on social light, in imitation of words in -ite.
Senses: glosses: A person (often a woman) of social prominence, considered to be an influential figure.
examples: text: Goodnight all you socialites don't wait up for me.
ref: 2008, Mike Cooley, Lisa's Birthday:
glosses: A person who goes to fashionable parties and is often written about in the newspapers, etc.
camerlengo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: camerlengos
form: camarlengo
form: camerlingo
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian camerlengo (“chamberlain”). Doublet of chamberlain.
Senses: examples: text: Benedict will also stop using the so-called fisherman’s ring to seal documents. It will be destroyed by the cardinal camerlengo, the acting head of state of Vatican City during the “sede vacante,” the canon law term used when the papacy is vacant.
ref: 2013 February 26, Gaia Pianigiani, Elisabetta Povoledo, “Benedict XVI to Be Known as Emeritus in Retirement”, in New York Times:
text: For the conclave, the camerlengo is now responsible for ensuring an “orderly election and its privacy”, according to Universi Dominici Gregis—the apostolic constitution governing papal succession.
ref: 2025 May 3, Amy Kazmin, Jude Webber, “The cardinal running the papal conclave”, in FT Weekend, page 3:
glosses: The cardinal who administers the Roman Catholic Church in the interregnum between Popes.
Derived terms: camerlingate
contrast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒntɹɑːst/
ipa: /ˈkɒntɹast/
ipa: /kənˈtɹɑːst/
ipa: /kənˈtɹast/
enpr: kəntrăst'
enpr: kŏn'trăst
ipa: /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnt(ʃ)ɹæst/
rhymes: -ɑːst
Forms: form: contrasts
Etymology: From French contraster, from Italian contrastare (“to resist", "to withstand”), from Vulgar Latin *contrāstāre, from Latin contrā (“against”) + stō, stāre (“to stand”).
Senses: examples: text: The red and the orange don't have much contrast between them — I can hardly tell them apart.
glosses: A difference in lightness, brightness or hue between two colours that makes them more or less distinguishable.
The degree of this difference.
examples: text: Ohh, you can't fool me. This thing's top of the line! It's got two contrast knobs!
ref: 2009 May 4, Michael Chapman; Matthew Chapman, “Hremail #7”, in Homestar Runner, spoken by Strong Bad (Matthew Chapman):
glosses: A difference in lightness, brightness or hue between two colours that makes them more or less distinguishable.
A control on a television, etc, that adjusts the amount of contrast in the images being displayed.
examples: text: Israel is a country of many contrasts.
text: The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone [the sponsor] long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it.
ref: 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
text: ... there is no quality in this world that is not what it is merely by contrast.
ref: 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 11:
glosses: A difference between two objects, people or concepts.
examples: text: Why this denunciation of idolatry at this point? And why are Shabbat and the sanctuary mentioned as contrasts to idol worship?
ref: 2001, David L. Lieber, Jules Harlow, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary, page 746:
glosses: Something that is opposite of or strikingly different from something else.
glosses: Antithesis.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Contrast medium
Derived terms: by contrast
contrast agent
contrastless
contrast medium
contrastment
contrast radiography
contrast ratio
contrast set
contrast therapy
contrasty
hysterosalpingo contrast sonography
hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography
in contrast
metacontrast
multicontrast
noncontrast
paracontrast
phase contrast microscope
phase contrast microscopy
postcontrast
precontrast
radiocontrast
reverse contrast
thorotrast
contrast
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒntɹɑːst/
ipa: /ˈkɒntɹast/
ipa: /kənˈtɹɑːst/
ipa: /kənˈtɹast/
enpr: kəntrăst'
enpr: kŏn'trăst
ipa: /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnt(ʃ)ɹæst/
rhymes: -ɑːst
Forms: form: contrasts
form: contrasting
form: contrasted
form: contrasted
Etymology: From French contraster, from Italian contrastare (“to resist", "to withstand”), from Vulgar Latin *contrāstāre, from Latin contrā (“against”) + stō, stāre (“to stand”).
Senses: glosses: To set in opposition in order to show the difference or differences between; to counterpoint.
examples: text: Foreground and background strongly contrast.
text: The color of her dress contrasts very nicely with the black scarf around her neck.
text: The joints which divide the sandstone contrast finely with the divisional planes which separate the basalt into pillars.
ref: 1845, Charles Lyell, Lyell's Travels in North America:
glosses: To form a contrast.
raw_tags: with with
Derived terms: contrastable
compare and contrast
contrasting
contrastive
Related terms: compare
actinidin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: actinidins
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A protein-digesting enzyme present in kiwi fruit. It is also an allergen.
Dorey
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Doreys
form: Doorey
Etymology: Nickname for a goldsmith or someone with golden hair, from Old French doré (“golden”).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Old French.
galoshes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: gəlŏ'shĭz
ipa: /ɡəˈlɒʃɪz/
Senses: glosses: plural of galosh
glosses: plural of galoshe
mechanoluminescence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From mechano- + luminescence.
Senses: glosses: The creation of light from mechanical stress.
mock-up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɒkˌʌp/
ipa: /ˈmɑkˌʌp/
enpr: mŏkˈ-ŭpˌ
Forms: form: mock-ups
form: mockup
Etymology: Circa 1915–1920, deverbal from mock up (verb), by imitation of French maquette.
Senses: examples: text: The second-class accommodation shown in mock-up at last year's Railway Design exhibition in London was open saloon, but there is still nagging concern that the public has expressed a clear preference for compartments.
ref: 1964 February, “British Railways' passenger plans”, in Modern Railways, page 73:
text: A full-size mock-up carriage of a Liverpool City Region Class 777, built as a part of the design process, has been transferred to the National College for Advanced Transportation & Infrastructure (NCATI) in Doncaster, to be used as a teaching aid.
ref: 2022 January 12, “News in pictures: Liverpool carriage goes to college”, in Rail, number 948, page 20:
glosses: A scale or full-size model of a design or device which is not fully functional, used for teaching, demonstration, design evaluation, promotion, or other purposes.
examples: ref: 1930, Renwick of Otley, Pre-production Proofs and Mock-ups Documenting the Publication of "My Favourite Alphabet", Renwick of Otley:
ref: 2007, Canada. Health Canada, Environics Research Group, Testing of Mock-ups of Health Warning Messages and Warning Notices on Tobacco Product Advertisements for Smokeless Tobacco: Final Report, Health Canada:
text: I knew that the software was a mock up and as such it would require the team at least half an hour to put together the components before I could proceed.
ref: 2018, Dr Low Lee Yong, I Dare to Dream Making Possible the Impossible:
text: This 5mm square grid notebook is great to use for diagrams, mock-ups, designs, everyday use, notes, calculations, lists, doodling, musings or other creativity projects.
ref: 2019, Squared Grid Notebook: Square Grid Notebook/Journal, Elite Blank Books:
glosses: A prototype, usually low-fidelity, such as a paper illustration, screenshot, or simple screen configuration with limited interaction.
militaria
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɪlɪˈtɛrɪə/
rhymes: -ɛəɹi.ə
Etymology: By surface analysis, military + -ia (“collection of things”).
Senses: examples: text: According to Denby, who has a store at 20 Birch Ave., the militaria market has grown up in recent years. "It used to be that only school boys were interested in collecting these things." Now with cap badges going for up to $4,000, the market has matured to the point where the collector has to know what he's doing or he can get "stung."
ref: 2014, Ross Skoggard, The Compleat Collector:
glosses: Military or police artifacts.
monogenesis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɒnəˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/
Forms: form: monogeneses
Etymology: From mono- + -genesis.
Senses: examples: text: Some held that negritude was a product of living under the tropical sun, a perhaps beneficial adaptation to a fierce climate – an environmentalist solution chiming with monogenesis and Lockean malleability models.
ref: 2003, Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason, Penguin, published 2004, page 248:
topics: anthropology
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The theory that mankind originated with a single ancestor or ancestral couple.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The theory that all languages, or a particular set of languages, originated from a single source.
topics: biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Development of the ovum from a parent like itself.
topics: biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Development of the ovum from a parent like itself.
Asexual/nonsexual reproduction, which involves only one parent.
examples: text: The view that one parent tale in one fixed location spawned numerous progeny the world over has come to be known as the theory of monogenesis and diffusion. The contrasting theory of polygenesis assumes that resemblances among tales can be attributed to independent invention in places unconnected by trade routes or travel.
ref: 2003, Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 64:
glosses: The emergence from a single cause or origin.
Related terms: metagenesis
parthenogenesis
cordite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɔːdaɪt/
Forms: form: cordites
Etymology: From cord + -ite, because the material is manufactured into long cordlike cylinders.
Senses: glosses: A smokeless propellent made by combining two high explosives, nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, used in some firearm ammunition.
oikumene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: oikumenes
Etymology: From Ancient Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē).
Senses: glosses: The civilized world or inhabited world; the location and time in the known world where human civilization exists.
smokeless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From smoke + -less.
Senses: examples: text: smokeless fuel
text: smokeless gunpowder
text: The position will then differ little from that under previous legislation, but any infringement of the law will be much more noticeable in smokeless zones.
ref: 1957 April 24, “The Clean Air Act and the Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 222:
glosses: Without smoke.
examples: text: I run home, jumped in the bed,
Laid a forty-four smokeless under my head.
ref: 1971, Thomas G. Burton, Ambrose N. Manning, editors, Folksongs II, Research Advisory Council of East Tennessee State University, page 19:
topics: engineering
firearms
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
tools
war
weaponry
glosses: (Of a gun) that does not produce smoke when fired.
qualifier: Of tobacco
glosses: to be consumed through methods other than smoking.
Derived terms: smokeless powder
smokeless zone
one-armed router
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: one-armed routers
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: router on a stick
glosses: A special variety of router used to route packets in a VLAN environment.
operandum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: operanda
Etymology: From Latin operandum. Doublet of operand.
Senses: glosses: A lever, key or device installed in an operant chamber, upon which the "subject" exerts its responses. Sometimes referred to as a manipulandum. In the prototypical operant conditioning experiment, a rat (the subject) presses upon a lever (the operandum) which triggers the delivery of food (the reward or reinforcer).
Related terms: modus operandum
on-the-air
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of on the air, especially when used attributively.
Popemobile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Popemobiles
Etymology: From pope + -mobile. Calque of Italian papamobile.
Senses: glosses: Any of various vehicles with bulletproof glass sides used to transport the Pope through crowds safely while allowing an open view.
tax stamp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tax stamps
Senses: glosses: a revenue stamp
projected
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: prə-jĕktʹĭd
ipa: /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɪd/
Forms: form: more projected
form: most projected
Senses: glosses: displayed
Hyponyms: map-projected
projected
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: prə-jĕktʹĭd
ipa: /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɪd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of project
court fee
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: court fees
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
philately
glosses: Adhesive stamps, attached to court papers to pay fees. Previously common in India and now popular with collectors.
topics: law
glosses: A fee paid purportedly to cover administrative costs, at the start of each new court filing.
stogie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstəʊɡi/
ipa: /ˈstoʊɡi/
rhymes: -əʊɡi
Forms: form: stogies
form: stoagie
Etymology: Unknown. Presumably from stoga + -ie, the former of which is derived from Conestoga, Pennsylvania; the Conestoga Cigar Company (1880s) was one of the first Pennsylvanian cigar factories.
Senses: glosses: A cigar.
examples: text: It's on, wrap my lips around the forty / And when it comes to getting another stogie
ref: 1995, “I Got 5 on It”, in Operation Stackola, performed by Luniz:
glosses: A large joint.
stogie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstəʊɡi/
ipa: /ˈstoʊɡi/
rhymes: -əʊɡi
Forms: form: stogies
form: stogy
Etymology: From stoga + -ie.
Senses: glosses: A type of sturdy work boot; a brogan.
triacontanol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: triacontanols
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of very many alcohols of the general formula C₃₀H₆₂O, but especially 1-triacontanol, also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol, that is found in plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax as the palmitate ester.
treasury tag
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹɛʒəɹi ˈtæɡ/
Forms: form: treasury tags
Senses: examples: text: From within he took several sheets of paper tied together with a green treasury tag.
ref: 1990, Martin Booth, Dreaming of Samarkand, Morrow:
text: He had an aversion to staples and paper clips and therefore preferred documents to be joined by a treasury tag, or, as he put it, ‘klopped’.
ref: 2014, Boris Johnson, The Churchill Factor: How One Man Made History, Hodder & Stoughton:
glosses: A short piece of cord with metal bars at each end, used in offices for holding papers together or fastening them into a file.
Synonyms: India tag