cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
trivet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹɪv.ɪt/
rhymes: -ɪvɪt
Forms: form: trivets
form: trevet
Etymology: PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English trevet, from Old English trefet, borrowed from Latin tripēs, tripedis (“tripod”).
Senses: examples: text: They collected wood and built back the fire and they fetched rocks to make a trivet and there they set the bucket to boil.
ref: 1994, Cormac McCarthy, The Crossing:
glosses: A stand with three short legs, especially for cooking over a fire.
synonyms: pot stand
glosses: A stand, sometimes with short, stumpy feet, or a mat used to support hot dishes and protect a table; a coaster.
synonyms: trevat
trevette
truvat
glosses: A weaver's knife used to cut out the wire that was used to form a pile.
Derived terms: trivet table
Related terms: right as a trivet
coaster
tablet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: tăbʹlət
ipa: /ˈtæblət/
rhymes: -æblət
Forms: form: tablets
Etymology: From Middle English tablet, from Old French tablete (Modern French tablette), diminutive of table (“table”).
Senses: examples: text: Also mentioned is the Rev. T. Stock, who has a tablet in St John's church [Gloucester] and "who with Raikes established the four original Sunday schools in this parish ... in 1780. From this small beginning sprung that gratuitous system of Christian instruction which has covered the face of England and Wales with schools."
ref: 2023 January 11, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: castles and cathedrals”, in RAIL, number 974, page 56:
glosses: A slab of clay, stone or wood used for inscription.
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: A short scripture written by the founders of the Baháʼí Faith.
examples: text: Many people take vitamin tablets as a food supplement.
coordinate_terms: capsule
glosses: A pill; a small, easily swallowed portion of a substance in solid form.
examples: text: Take a full-size writing tablet and follow these steps.
ref: 2005, Kenneth T. Henson, Writing for Publication: Road to Academic Advancement, →ISBN, page 80:
glosses: A block of several sheets of blank paper that are bound together at the top; pad of paper.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A graphics tablet.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A tablet computer, a type of portable computer.
glosses: A confection made from sugar, condensed milk and butter, produced in flat slabs, with a grainer texture than fudge.
examples: text: The latter's loss of time between Manakau and Levin was due to the mishap of dropping the tablet at Ohau, which entailed an out-of-course stop of 3 min. to recover it.
ref: 1939 November, “Overseas Railways: Locomotive Performance in New Zealand”, in Railway Magazine, page 351:
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: A type of round token giving authority for a train to proceed over a single-track line.
Derived terms: word: carbon tablet
word: curse tablet
word: disclosing tablet
word: effervescent tablet
word: orally disintegrating tablet
word: sleeping tablet
word: spirit tablet
english: drug
translation: drug
word: tab
word: tablet PC
word: wax tablet
Related terms: caplet
capsule
tablet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: tăbʹlət
ipa: /ˈtæblət/
rhymes: -æblət
Forms: form: tablets
form: tableting
form: tabletting
form: tableted
form: tableted
form: tabletted
form: tabletted
Etymology: From Middle English tablet, from Old French tablete (Modern French tablette), diminutive of table (“table”).
Senses: glosses: To form (a drug, etc.) into tablets.
dormer-window
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dormer-windows
form: dormer window
Etymology: See dormer.
Senses: examples: text: He walked slowly past the gate and peered through a narrow gap in the cedar hedge. The girl was moving along a sanded walk, toward a gray, unpainted house, with a steep roof, broken by dormer windows.
ref: 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars:
synonyms: dormant window
dormer
lucarne
luthern
glosses: An upright window built from a sloping roof.
dormer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɔɹmɚ/
ipa: /ˈdɔːmə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)
Forms: form: dormers
Etymology: From Middle French dormoir (“sleeping room”), from dormir (“to sleep”).
Senses: examples: text: Then we came to a high white wall that surrounded a large garden, and within it was a long, massive building of some beauty and pretension, with a high, latticed belfry and heavy walls and with arched dormers in the sloping roof.
ref: 1904 May, Winston Churchill, “The Strange City”, in The Crossing, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, book II (Flotsam and Jetsam), page 371:
topics: architecture
glosses: A room-like, roofed projection from a sloping roof.
topics: architecture
glosses: Ellipsis of dormer-window.
Derived terms: dormered
dormer window
dormer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɔɹmɚ/
ipa: /ˈdɔːmə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)
Forms: form: dormers
Etymology: From dorm + -er.
Senses: examples: text: My dorm mates and I had a little get-together in our room on the second floor. We were just talking and weren't making much noise when we heard a knock on our door. It was a dormer from the room directly below us. She asked if we were cleaning and we told her that we weren't. She left but came back a little while later and asked the same question again. We asked her if our matron wants us to clean up. The dormer said no and left. But after a few minutes, she came up again and again asked if we were cleaning our room because she could hear the noise down in her room.
ref: 2004, mae, edited by Reginald Ting, True Philippine Ghost Stories #8: Spooky Dorm, Psicom Publishing Inc., →ISBN, page 38:
glosses: A resident of a dormitory.
sock puppet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɒkˌpʌpɪt/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˈsɑkˌpʌpɪt/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˈsɒkˌpʌpɪt/
ipa: /ˈsɔkˌpɐpɪt/
ipa: /ˈsɒkˌpɐpət/
ipa: [ˈsɔ̟kˌpɐpət]
Forms: form: sock puppets
form: sockpuppet
Etymology: From sock + puppet.
Senses: glosses: A puppet made from a sock placed over a hand.
glosses: Synonym of puppet (“a person completely controlled by another”)
synonyms: word: puppet
extra: a person completely controlled by another
examples: text: Trying to prove that a new user is simply a previous user in a new sock puppet is quite hard for the ordinary user and even administrators.
ref: 2009, Andrew Lih, The Wikipedia Revolution, page 303:
text: The Internet has created many opportunities for online voting. Unscrupulous people will create sock puppets in order to stuff online ballot boxes. In other cases, a sock puppeteer may create multiple identities to support arguments, voice opinions, or otherwise create the online illusion that may people support the sock puppeteer. This practice is called a "Sybil attack" […]
ref: 2014, Timothy R. Levine, Encyclopedia of Deception, Vol. II, s.v. Sockpuppetry
synonyms: sock
smurf account
glosses: An alternative pseudonymous online account, especially one used for abuse.
Derived terms: meat puppet
sock puppeteer
sockpuppetry
sock puppet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɒkˌpʌpɪt/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˈsɑkˌpʌpɪt/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˈsɒkˌpʌpɪt/
ipa: /ˈsɔkˌpɐpɪt/
ipa: /ˈsɒkˌpɐpət/
ipa: [ˈsɔ̟kˌpɐpət]
Forms: form: sock puppets
form: sock puppeting
form: sock puppeted
form: sock puppeted
form: sockpuppet
Etymology: From sock + puppet.
Senses: qualifier: wiki jargon
glosses: To create or use a sock puppet (alternative user account).
morning-after pill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: morning-after pills
Senses: examples: text: Dr. Morris and his colleagues have reported on one experimental compound designed specifically to be a morning-after pill.
ref: 1967 October 7, “Estrogens' Double Life”, in Science News, volume 92, number 15, →JSTOR, page 343:
text: These policy efforts confuse the public into thinking that the morning-after pill, which is simply a super-dose of the regular pill, is the same as mifepristone, the abortion pill.
ref: 2010 October 12, Faith Agostinone-Wilson, Marxism and Education Beyond Identity: Sexuality and Schooling, Palgrave Macmillan, page 172:
text: Even after a girl has sex, it's not too late to prevent her from dropping an egg. That's what the morning-after pill does.
ref: 2013 March 5, Bronwen Pardes, Doing It Right: Making Smart, Safe, and Satisfying Choices About Sex, →ISBN:
text: A federal judge on Friday ordered that the most common morning-after pill be made available over the counter for all ages, instead of requiring a prescription for girls 16 and younger.
ref: 2013 April 15, Pam Belluck, “Judge Strikes Down Age Limits on Morning-After Pill”, in The New York Times:
glosses: A contraceptive in the form of a pill taken shortly after sexual intercourse.
Synonyms: ECP
natant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more natant
form: most natant
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin natāntem, accusative of natāns. Doublet of naiant.
Senses: glosses: Floating or swimming (in water).
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
synonyms: naiant
glosses: In a horizontal position, as if swimming.
Derived terms: infranatant
natantly
subnatant
supernatant
surnatant
undernatant
tackle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtækəl/
ipa: [ˈtʰækɫ̩]
rhymes: -ækəl
Forms: form: tackles
Etymology: From Middle English takel (“gear, apparatus”), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German takel (“ship's rigging”), perhaps related to Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp, seize”). Akin to Danish takkel (“tackle”), Swedish tackel (“tackle”). More at take.
Senses: glosses: A device for grasping an object and an attached means of moving it, as a rope and hook.
glosses: A block and tackle.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Clothing.
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: Equipment (rod, reel, line, lure, etc.) used when angling.
examples: 2004 June 24–30, "Jeff Gordon Never Gets Tired Of Seeing Face On Cheap Plastic Crap", The Onion, available in Embedded in America, →ISBN, page 193,
... an illuminated license-plate frame bearing his likeness, signature, and yellow number 24. "That there's a real nice piece of tackle. ..."
glosses: Equipment, gear, gadgetry.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A play where a player attempts to take control over the ball from an opponent, as in rugby or football.
topics: American-football
ball-games
football
games
hobbies
lifestyle
rugby
sports
glosses: A play where a defender brings the ball carrier to the ground.
glosses: Any instance in which one person intercepts another and forces them to the ground.
topics: American-football
ball-games
football
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: An offensive line position between a guard and an end: offensive tackle; a person playing that position.
topics: American-football
ball-games
football
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A defensive position between two defensive ends: defensive tackle; a person playing that position.
synonyms: wedding tackle
glosses: The penis.
Derived terms: block tackle
body tackle
crash tackle
double tackle
dump tackle
grapple tackle
ground tackle
high tackle
late tackle
laughing tackle
luff tackle
nose tackle
reef-tackle
relieving tackle
rugby tackle
scissor tackle
shoestring tackle
slide tackle
slide-tackle
sliding tackle
spear tackle
stay tackle
stock tackle
tackle block
tackle box
tackle fall
tackle football
tackle for loss
tackle-house
tackle house
tackle porter
tackle-porter
tackle twill
tap-tackle
terminal tackle
watch tackle
wedding tackle
tackle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtækəl/
ipa: [ˈtʰækɫ̩]
rhymes: -ækəl
Forms: form: tackles
form: tackling
form: tackled
form: tackled
Etymology: From Middle English takel (“gear, apparatus”), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German takel (“ship's rigging”), perhaps related to Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp, seize”). Akin to Danish takkel (“tackle”), Swedish tackel (“tackle”). More at take.
Senses: glosses: To force a person to the ground with the weight of one's own body, usually by jumping on top or slamming one's weight into them.
examples: text: The government's measures to tackle crime were insufficient.
text: The work on Bridge 22, over Hemming Street, is being tackled first; it was started in January and should be finished by Whitsun.
ref: 1959 May, “Talking of Trains: Bethnal Green alterations”, in Trains Illustrated, page 236:
text: The shark was thought to represent nature at its most cruel, and only a few painters and writers felt the need to tackle such a powerful subject.
ref: 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 148:
glosses: To face or deal with, attempting to overcome or fight down.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To attempt to take away a ball.
topics: American-football
ball-games
football
games
hobbies
lifestyle
rugby
sports
glosses: To bring a ball carrier to the ground.
examples: text: "Singing is the oldest, most effective and productive way to tackle girls," asserted the 37-year-old, affectionately known as Ah Guan at Tan Chang Ren Music Station.
ref: 2000 June 7, Kor Kian Beng, “What's the best way to tackle girls? Sing”, in The New Paper, page 15:
text: It takes the form of a beautiful lady and tackles young and handsome men.
ref: 2003, Other Malay Ghosts:
text: Now, now, I know you guys are being excited but remember, your feelings play the most important role to tackle a girl.
ref: 2009, Z Master, General Tips about Life:
text: Kenneth Ma claims his secret to tackling girls lies in his new and improved skin condition.
ref: 2014, The Newsroom, archived from the original on 05 Mar 2016:
glosses: To "hit on" or pursue a person that one is interested in.
Derived terms: tackle on
tackler
untackled
radix complement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: radix complements
Senses: examples: The radix complement of 01100101_2 is 10011011_2.
The radix complement of 138053_10 is 861947_10.
The radix complement of 0423102_5 is 4021343_5.
glosses: The number which, added to the given n-digit number in radix r, results in rⁿ. In binary (r=2), this is the two's complement.
Related terms: complement
diminished radix complement
diminished radix complement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: diminished radix complements
Senses: examples: The diminished radix complement of 01100101_2 is 10011010_2.
The diminished radix complement of 138053_10 is 861946_10.
The diminished radix complement of 0423102_5 is 4021342_5.
glosses: The number which, added to the given n-digit number in radix r, results in rⁿ-1. In binary (r=2), this is the ones' complement; in decimal (r=10), this is the nines' complement.
Related terms: complement
radix complement
Clark
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /klɑː(ɹ)k/
ipa: /ˈklaɹk/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k
homophone: clerk
Forms: form: Clarke
form: Clerk
form: Clerke
Etymology: From Old English clerc (“clergyman; learned man”), whence also clerk.
Senses: glosses: An English and Scottish surname originating as an occupation for a scribe, secretary, or cleric.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Routt County, Colorado.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
A minor city in Randolph County, Missouri; named for Confederate general John Bullock Clark Jr..
glosses: A locale in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Storey County and Washoe County, Nevada.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
A township in Union County, New Jersey; named for Declaration of Independence signatory Abraham Clark.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
A borough in Mercer County, Pennsylvania.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
A city, the county seat of Clark County, South Dakota.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Washington.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
An unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
An unincorporated community in the town of Hixon, Clark County, Wisconsin.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
A former settlement in California.
glosses: A locale in the United States:
A number of other townships in the United States, listed under Clark Township.
glosses: A locale in the Philippines.
A freeport zone in Pampanga, site of a former United States Air Base.
glosses: A locale in the Philippines.
A development in Tarlac, the New Clark City.
glosses: A locale in the Philippines.
A special economic zone spanning Tarlac and Pampanga province.
Derived terms: Clark cell
Clark County
Clark electrode
Clark Fork
Clarksdale
Clark's nutcracker
Lewis and Clark County
Related terms: clark
cleric
clerk
gradually
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/
Forms: form: more gradually
form: most gradually
Etymology: From gradual + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The most likely conclusion, the researchers say, is that the Levallois method was not taken to Eurasia by African migrants, but evolved there gradually and independently.
ref: 2014 September 29, Douglas Quenqua, “Toolmaking May Have Risen Independently”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 01 Oct 2014:
text: The instrument of this dumbing down in Nineteen Eighty-Four was Newspeak, the official language of the English Socialist Party (Ingsoc). Newspeak was a sort of Totalitarian Esperanto that sought gradually to diminish the range of what was thinkable by eliminating, contracting and manufacturing words.
ref: 2021 January 5, Peter Foster, “Peter Foster: Sustainable Newspeak by 2050”, in Financial Post:
glosses: In a gradual manner; making slow progress; slowly.
examples: text: Horns, upon the due accession of Moisture, doth gradually become Soft.
ref: 1682, Nehemiah Grew, The Anatomy of Plants. […], [London]: […] W. Rawlins, for the author, published 1682, →OCLC:
glosses: by degrees
Synonyms: sense: making slow progress
word: ponderously
word: sluggishly
sense: by degrees
word: incrementally
word: step by step
word: bit by bit
word: by degrees
word: by inches
word: continually
word: footmeal
word: inch by inch
word: gradatim
word: gradually
word: little by little
word: momentarily
word: momently
word: one by one
word: one step at a time
word: progressively
word: stepmeal
word: unsuddenly
Derived terms: gradually typed
Related terms: word: consecutively
word: sequentially
word: seriatim
word: slow
gulf
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: gŭlf
ipa: /ɡʌlf/
note: gulf-golf merger
ipa: /ɡɒlf/
homophone: golf (gulf-golf merger)
rhymes: -ʌlf
rhymes: -ɒlf
Forms: form: gulfs
form: gulfing
form: gulfed
form: gulfed
form: gulph
Etymology: From Middle English gulf, goulf, golf, from Old French golf, from Italian golfo, from Late Latin colfos, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, gulf”), of obscure origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve, arch”).
Senses: examples: text: […] if with thee the roaring wells
⁠Should gulf him fathom-deep in brine;
⁠And hands so often clasp’d in mine,
Should toss with tangle and with shells.
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto X”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To engulf.
examples: text: The mention of gulfed and plucked men brings me back to myself.
ref: 1852, Charles Astor Bristed, Five Years in an English University, pages 228–229:
text: The good Professor scolded, predicted that they would all be either gulfed or ploughed.
ref: 1863, Henry Kingsley, Austin Elliot, page 123:
text: Everyone who knows the Senate House may anticipate the result. When the Tripos of 1822 made its appearance his name did not grace the list. In short, to use the expressive vocabulary of the university, Macaulay was gulfed:—a mishap which disabled him from contending for the Chancellor's medals, then the crowning trophies of a classical career.
ref: 1876, Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The life and Letters of Lord Macaulay, volume 1, page 83:
qualifier: Oxbridge slang
glosses: To award a degree to somebody who has only just passed sufficiently.
gradual
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: note: yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹadʒuəl/
note: yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹadʒəl/
note: without the yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹadjuəl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒəl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹɛdʒʉɘl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹɛdʒɘl/
rhymes: (General American) -ædʒəl
Forms: form: more gradual
form: most gradual
form: graduall
Etymology: From Medieval Latin graduālis, from Latin gradus (“step”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”).
Senses: examples: text: a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline
text: Creatures animate with gradual life / Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: Proceeding or advancing by small, slow, regular steps or degrees
Synonyms: word: stepwise
word: incremental
word: gradual
word: piecemeal
word: piecewise
word: slow
Derived terms: gradualism
gradualist
gradualistic
graduality
gradualize
gradually
gradualness
gradual typing
nongradual
ungradual
Related terms: word: insidious
word: incrementally
word: slow {speed)
gradual
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: note: yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹadʒuəl/
note: yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹadʒəl/
note: without the yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹadjuəl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒəl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹɛdʒʉɘl/
ipa: /ˈɡɹɛdʒɘl/
rhymes: (General American) -ædʒəl
Forms: form: graduals
form: graduall
Etymology: From Medieval Latin graduālis, from Latin gradus (“step”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”).
Senses: topics: Christianity
glosses: An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps.
topics: Christianity
glosses: A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.
devoted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈvəʊtəd/
Etymology: From devote + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of devote
devoted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈvəʊtəd/
Forms: form: more devoted
form: most devoted
Etymology: From devote + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: He describes the operation thus: "The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure."
ref: 1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:
glosses: Vowed; dedicated; consecrated.
examples: text: Bob and Sara are devoted to their children.
glosses: Strongly emotionally attached; very fond of someone or something.
glosses: Zealous; characterized by devotion.
examples: text: The attendance of that brother was now become like the attendance of a demon on some devoted being that had sold himself to destruction […]
ref: 1824, James Hogg, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, Oxford, published 2010, page 31:
text: The feelings of the crew now burst forth in the most extravagant transports. They had recently considered themselves devoted men, hurrying forwards to destruction; they now looked upon themselves as favorites of fortune, and gave themselves up to the most unbounded joy.
ref: 1828, Washington Irving, “First Landing of Columbus in the New World”, in A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: G. & C. Carvill, […], →OCLC, book IV, page 151:
glosses: Cursed; doomed.
Derived terms: devotedly
devotedness
overdevoted
self-devoted
undevoted
devoting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of devote
forming
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔɹmɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈfɔːmɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of form
forming
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔɹmɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈfɔːmɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mɪŋ
Forms: form: formings
Senses: examples: text: […] a creative person, whose specific formings of behavior are not easily predictable […]
ref: 1987, Jeffrey K. Zeig, The Evolution of Psychotherapy:
glosses: The act by which something is formed; formation.
Derived terms: beamforming
bondforming
electroforming
hydroforming
metalforming
oreforming
pairforming
polyforming
sporeforming
superforming
losing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈluːzɪŋ/
rhymes: -uːzɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of lose
losing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈluːzɪŋ/
rhymes: -uːzɪŋ
Senses: examples: text: Being on the losing team is disappointing.
glosses: That loses or has lost.
Derived terms: fight a losing battle
losingest
losing hazard
losing streak
not win for losing
on a losing wicket
losing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈluːzɪŋ/
rhymes: -uːzɪŋ
Forms: form: losings
Senses: examples: text: We conceive that an alternation of such losings and regainings will continue to be presented in England, until the whole business is set on a new and more stable basis by a revolution which shall not be moral only.
ref: 1842, The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, page 339:
glosses: The process by which something is lost; a loss.
historian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hɪˈstɔːɹɪən/
ipa: /hɪˈstɔəɹɪən/
ipa: /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/
note: New York Metropolitan Area
ipa: /hɪˈstɑɹi.ən/
Forms: form: historians
form: hist.
Etymology: From Middle English historian, historien, from Old French historien, from Latin historia (“story, history”), equivalent to history + -ian. More at history.
Senses: glosses: A writer of history.
examples: text: If this is what real people and societies are like, then it may be appropriate for historians to represent their subjects' lives in storylike form.
ref: 1992, Jonathan Gorman, Understanding history, page 65:
glosses: One who studies or researches history.
examples: text: The patient is unconscious when the syncopal event takes place and therefore is a poor historian.
ref: 2007, Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel, Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: One who recounts their own medical history.
Synonyms: sense: writer of a history
word: commentator
Hyponyms: english: writer of yearly accounts
translation: writer of yearly accounts
word: annalist
word: chronicler
english: compiler of chronological lists of events
translation: compiler of chronological lists of events
word: chronist
Derived terms: art historian
ecohistorian
ethnohistorian
family historian
geohistorian
herstorian
historianess
macrohistorian
media historian
microhistorian
natural historian
nonhistorian
protohistorian
pseudohistorian
psychohistorian
public historian
social historian
sociohistorian
twistorian
annalist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈænəlɪst/
homophone: analyst
Forms: form: annalists
Etymology: Borrowed from French annaliste, equivalent to annal + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: The monks […] were the only annalists during those ages.
ref: 1754-1762, David Hume, The History of England:
glosses: A writer of annals; a chronicler; a historian.
deja vu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deja vus
Etymology: Borrowed from French déjà vu.
Senses: examples: text: I felt deja vu as I recalled a video in which a Tesla owner slammed on the brakes after his car appeared set on crashing headlong into a construction site.
ref: 2021 November 18, Matt McFarland, “We tried Tesla’s ‘full self-driving.’ Here’s what happened”, in CNN:
glosses: Alternative spelling of déjà vu.
marron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: marrons
Etymology: Variant form of maroon (“chestnut”), later reinforced by French marron.
Senses: examples: text: ‘I mean, shit, even if I had've come down here of a weekend and taken back a sack full of marron, I would have killed the pig up there.’
ref: 2007, Craig Silvey, Jasper Jones, Allen & Unwin, published 2007, page 137:
glosses: A sweet chestnut.
Related terms: marron glacé
marron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: marrons
Etymology: From Nyunga marran.
Senses: glosses: Cherax tenuimanus, a species of freshwater crayfish from Western Australia.
Synonyms: hairy marron
Margaret River marron
Related terms: gilgie
jilgie
yabby
yabbie
lapidate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlæpɪˌdeɪt/
Forms: form: lapidates
form: lapidating
form: lapidated
form: lapidated
Etymology: First attested in 1623; borrowed from Latin lapidātus, perfect passive participle of lapidō (“to throw stones at”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from lapis (“stone”).
Senses: examples: text: the host (in tailcoat, grey cravat, purple vest) is lapidated by his wife while he loudly cries: "Maggie—please save a cup fer coffee in the morning."
ref: 1932 February 1, “Jiggs & Maggie”, in Time Magazine:
text: On August 27, 2002, a Nigerian court ordered the mother of a newborn child, Amina Lawal, to be publicly lapidated for adultery.
ref: 2003 August 17, Daily Times:
topics: law
synonyms: stone#Verb
glosses: To throw stones or other objects at, as punishment, sometimes until death.
examples: text: The hour-long (and far too slow-paced) show: Malice in Wonderland, by lampooning, lapidating S. J. Perelman, veteran of movie-writing stints
ref: 1959 January 26, “Top of the Week”, in Time Magazine:
glosses: To hurl insults at.
Related terms: dilapidate
lapidarian
lapidary
lapidation
lapidify
lapillus
extirpate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkstəpeɪt/
ipa: /ˈɛkstɚpeɪt/
Forms: form: extirpates
form: extirpating
form: extirpated
form: extirpated
Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1538, the adjective in 1541; Borrowed from Latin exstirpātus perfect passive participle of exstirpō (“to uproot”), from ex- (“out of”) + stirps (“the lower part of the trunk of a tree, including the roots; the stem, stalk”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)). Doublet of extirp. Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: glosses: To clear an area of roots and stumps.
synonyms: uproot
eradicate
extricate
deracinate
glosses: To pull up by the roots; uproot.
examples: text: But you are not Hercules; nor able to extirpate the Evils of others: nor even Theſeus, to extirpate the Evils of Attica. Extirpate your own then.
ref: 1758, Epictetus, translated by Elizabeth Carter, All the Works of Epictetus Which are Now Extant; Consisting of His Discourses, Preserved by Arrian, in Four Books, the Enchiridion, and Fragments, The Discourses of Epictetus, book II, chapter XVI, page 172:
text: The simple object was to expel the natives, and to extirpate the Catholic religion.
ref: 1870, M[ary] F[rances] Cusack, chapter XIX, in The Student's Manual of Irish History, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 309:
text: They [steam trains] are everything modern life tries to extirpate in favour of silence, smoothness and cleanness.
ref: 2022 February 23, Benedict le Vay, “Part of rail's past... present... and future”, in RAIL, number 951, page 56:
synonyms: word: annihilate
word: destroy
word: eradicate
word: exterminate
word: destroy
word: annihilate
word: aerosolize
word: atomize
word: benothing
word: bewreck
word: blot out
word: blotto
word: dash
word: decompose
word: demolish
word: desolate
word: devastate
word: diffuse
word: disintegrate
word: disperse
word: dissolve
word: eliminate
word: eradicate
word: erase
word: exterminate
word: extinguish
word: extirpate
word: fuck
word: harry
word: jazz
word: lay waste
word: level
word: liquidate
word: nuke
word: obliterate
word: pull down
word: pulverize
word: race
word: raze
word: ravage
word: remove
word: ruin
word: stamp out
word: total
word: unbreed
word: unexist
word: unmake
word: uproot
word: waste
word: wipe out
word: wipe off
word: wreck
glosses: To destroy completely; to annihilate,
examples: text: The cougar was extirpated across nearly all of its eastern North American range in the two centuries after European colonization.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: To cause to go extinct locally within a population, but not within a species or subspecies.
synonyms: excise
glosses: To surgically remove.
Related terms: extirp
extirpation
extirpative
extirpator
extirpate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkstəpeɪt/
ipa: /ˈɛkstɚpeɪt/
Forms: form: more extirpate
form: most extirpate
Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1538, the adjective in 1541; Borrowed from Latin exstirpātus perfect passive participle of exstirpō (“to uproot”), from ex- (“out of”) + stirps (“the lower part of the trunk of a tree, including the roots; the stem, stalk”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)). Doublet of extirp. Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: It is profitable […] to haue all occasions of sedicion […] to be extirpate.
ref: 1541, Thomas Elyot, Image of Governance:
glosses: Extirpated
raw_tags: as a participle
glosses: Rooted out, extinct, utterly destroyed.
raw_tags: as a participial adjective
factious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfækʃəs/
rhymes: -ækʃəs
Forms: form: more factious
form: most factious
Etymology: From Latin factiosus (“divisive; inclined to separate”); derivative of factio.
Senses: glosses: Of, pertaining to, or caused by factions.
examples: text: I heard that she left off powder, patches, and rouge, for a month when his third consort died, and he grew religious—whether out of grief or gratitude, I never heard; then she grew factious, for the sake of your own King, and thought to strew the way to the altar with straws instead of flowers. I applaud her spirit in fighting for a crown.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 230:
glosses: Given to or characterized by discordance or insubordination.
Derived terms: word: factiously
word: factiousness
word: nonfactious
word: unfactious
Related terms: factitious
factiousness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: factiousnesses
Etymology: From factious + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being factious.
deracinate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈɹæsɪneɪt/
ipa: /dɪˈɹæsəneɪt/
Forms: form: deracinates
form: deracinating
form: deracinated
form: deracinated
Etymology: PIE word
 *wréh₂ds
First attested in 1609; calque of French déraciner on the basis of -ate (verb-forming suffix), from racine (“root”), from Latin rādīx, rādīcis (“a root”).
Senses: examples: text: Divert and crack, rend and deracinate,
The unity and married calm of states
Quite from their fixture!
ref: c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
text: The State has no tool delicate enough to deracinate the rooted habits and tangled affections of the family; the two sexes, whether happy or unhappy, are glued together too tightly for us to get the blade of a legal penknife in between them.
ref: 1910, Gilbert K[eith] Chesterton, “chapter 1.7”, in What’s Wrong with the World, London; New York, N.Y.: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To pull up by the roots; to uproot; to extirpate.
glosses: To force (people) from their homeland to a new or foreign location.
examples: text: Observing the highest echelons of Indian society, she notes the way in which some Indians become completely — almost absurdly — anglicized or deracinated.
ref: 1986, Robert McCrum, William Cran, Robert MacNeil, The Story of English, Viking Penguin Inc., page 328:
glosses: To liberate or be liberated from a culture or its norms.
Related terms: eradicate
radical
radish
radix
root
wort
factitious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fækˈtɪʃəs/
rhymes: -ɪʃəs
Forms: form: more factitious
form: most factitious
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin factītius (“artificial”), alternative form of factīcius, from faciō (“to make, do”). Doublet of fetish.
Senses: examples: text: [...] if from erosion of the gums, by such things as restore them, strengthen and bind them; if wanting, it may be helped by the factitious; their ſordes are removed, by washing and cleaning them; and their blacknesse, by dentifrices.
ref: 1661, Robert Lovell, a Compleat History of Animals and Minerals, page 351:
text: Most men, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously coarse labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them.
ref: 1854, Thoreau, Walden, chapter 1:
text: Manners are partly factitious, but, mainly, there must be capacity for culture in the blood. Else all culture is vain.
ref: 1860, Emerson, “Conduct of life”, in Behavior:
glosses: Created by humans; artificial.
examples: text: […] To prevent a prisoner's escape, to prevent his suborning testimony, and arranging a factitious tale with those without, may justify many precautions."
ref: 1847, George Payne Rainsford James, chapter XXIV, in A Whim, and Its Consequences, page 208:
text: "Well, mater," he said, in a voice of factitious calm, "I've got it." He was looking up at the ceiling.
"Got what?"
"The National Scholarship. Swynnerton says it's a sheer fluke. But I've got it. Great glory for the Bursley School of Art!"
ref: 1908, Arnold Bennett, The Old Wives' Tale, book 2 chapter 8:
text: Ironically, the most stereotypical myth of Reconstructionism — involving perceived endemic corruption and ruthless exploitation of hapless native whites by freedman and carpetbaggers seeking to gain from black rule — is a factitious story of postwar South Carolina, as told with considerable and lurid exaggeration in two "classic" accounts […]
ref: 2008, Richard L. Hume, Jerry B. Gough, Blacks, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction, Louisiana State University Press, published 2008, →ISBN, page 168:
glosses: Counterfeit, fabricated, fake.
Derived terms: factitious disorder imposed on another
factitiously
factitiousness
unfactitious
Related terms: fictitious
factitiousness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From factitious + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being factitious.
Churrigueresque
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: churrigueresque
Etymology: Named for José Benito Churriguera (1665-1725), a Spanish architect and sculptor. See -esque.
Senses: topics: architecture
glosses: Relating to a Spanish baroque architectural style that started in the late 17th century to the early 18th century; characterized by flamboyant ornamentation
wikipedia: José Benito Churriguera
Nate
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /neɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the male given names Nathan, Nathanael and Nathaniel, and also a female given name Natalie.
Nate
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /neɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: Nates
Etymology: A variant of Neat.
Senses: glosses: A surname.
ice age
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice ages
form: Ice Age
Etymology: Perhaps a calque of German Eiszeit.
Senses: examples: text: The earth is currently in the Late Cenozoic Ice Age, an ice age that began 33.9 million years ago with the Antarctic Ice Cap.
topics: sciences
glosses: A period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence of major polar ice sheets that reach the ocean and calve icebergs.
examples: text: The cause of ice ages, Köppen decided, is to be found in cool summers, not brutal winters.
ref: 2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 377:
glosses: Any of several glacial periods (within a scientific ice age) marked by episodes of extensive glaciation alternating with episodes of relative warmth (interglacial).
Derived terms: Little Ice Age
varicose vein
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: varicose veins
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: An abnormally swollen or dilated vein.
glosses: The medical condition of having such veins, especially in the legs.
varicose
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvæɹ.ɪ.kəʊs/
ipa: /ˈvɛɹ.ə.koʊs/
Forms: form: more varicose
form: most varicose
Etymology: From varix, via Middle English [Term?] from Latin varix, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wers-. By surface analysis, varic- + -ose. See also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, “top, peak”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”).
Senses: glosses: Abnormally swollen, dilated or knotty.
raw_tags: of a vein or set of veins
Synonyms: varicotic
Related terms: varicosed
varicose vein
varicosis
varicosity
varicosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: varicoses
Etymology: From varic- + -osis.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The condition of being varicose or of having varicose veins
vasectomy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vəˈsɛktəmi/
rhymes: -ɛktəmi
Forms: form: vasectomies
Etymology: From vas (short for vas deferens) + -ectomy (“surgery involving the excision or removal of a body part”).
Senses: examples: text: The experimental vasectomy operation was performed under sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg body weight, i.p) anesthesia via a lower midabdominal incision as described elsewhere.
ref: 2015 July 10, “Abnormal Accumulation of Collagen Type I Due to the Loss of Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (Ddr2) Promotes Testicular Interstitial Dysfunction”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
text: In fact, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., so many men sign up for vasectomies during March Madness that appointments reach “max capacity,” said Dr. Tobias S. Kohler, a urologist and men’s health expert at the medical center who has observed this phenomenon ever since he was an attending physician a decade ago.
ref: 2019 March 28, Christina Caron, “Why Don’t More American Men Get Vasectomies?”, in The New York Times:
text: Middle-aged, married fathers make up the bulk of those who have gotten vasectomies, with less than two percent of unmarried men relying on vasectomy for contraception, according to one analysis of data between 2002 and 2015 by the Department of Health and Human Services.
ref: 2022 August 12, Alisha Haridasani Gupta, “‘Snip Snip Hooray’: Vasectomies Among the Young and Child-Free May Be Rising”, in The New York Times:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
coordinate_terms: tubal ligation
glosses: The surgical incision of all or part of the vas deferens as a means of male sterilization.
Derived terms: postvasectomy
prevasectomy
vasectomee
vasectomise
vasectomist
vasectomization
vasectomize
vasectomized
vas deferens
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌvæz ˈdɛfəɹəns/
Forms: form: vasa deferentia
Etymology: From New Latin vās dēferēns, itself from vās (“vessel, duct”) + dēferēns (“carrying off”, present active participle of dēferō (“to carry off”)).
Senses: examples: text: “Do you love Alexa?” “Woah, I’m not a one-woman man.” Of course not, his vasa deferentia must be on call round-the-clock.
ref: 2008, Tibor Fischer, Good to Be God, Richmond, London: Alma Books, →ISBN, page 99:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The duct in the testicle that carries semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
Synonyms: ductus deferens
sperm duct
Hypernyms: Wolffian duct - embryological precursor
internal genitalia
Derived terms: deferentectomy
Related terms: vasectomy
Vaseline
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of vaseline.
petroleum jelly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: petroleum jellies
Senses: glosses: A pale yellow semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in lubricants and ointments.
Synonyms: multi-hydrocarbon
petrolatum
soft paraffin
Vaseline
vaseline
white petrolatum
Related terms: paraffinum molle album
paraffinum molle flavum
petrolatum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: petrolatums
Senses: glosses: Petroleum jelly.
Derived terms: white petrolatum
vastness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvæstnəs/
rhymes: -æstnəs
Forms: form: vastnesses
Etymology: From vast + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: He was thinking; but the glory of the song, the swell from the great organ, the clustered lights, […], the height and vastness of this noble fane, its antiquity and its strength—all these things seemed to have their part as causes of the thrilling emotion that accompanied his thoughts.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: The quality of being vast.
examples: text: He had a feeling that he was lost in the vastness of a huge forest.
ref: 1932, The Magnet - Bunter's Night Out:
glosses: Something vast.
Synonyms: enormity
immensity
Vatican
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/
Forms: form: the Vatican
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus (“Vatican Hill”), further etymology unknown. The connection to vāticinārī (“to prophesy, oracle”) is folk-etymological.
Senses: glosses: The official residence of the Pope within Vatican City, the Vatican or Apostolic Palace.
glosses: The papal government; the papacy, the Holy See.
examples: text: Unlike most other countries in the world, citizenship in Vatican City isn’t solely provided to people that are born in the country. As there are no hospitals in the Vatican State, virtually no one is born in there. Instead, Vatican citizenship is provided on a ‘jus officii’ basis.
ref: 2019 October 3, Ellen Curtin, “Everything You Wanted to Know about Vatican City”, in City Wonders, archived from the original on 13 Jun 2025:
synonyms: Vatican City
glosses: A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy.
examples: text: He [Caligula] began to build a circus upon the Vatican.
ref: 1856, The Art of Building in Ancient and Modern Times […], volume 1, page 75:
glosses: The Vatican Hill in Rome, where the palace and Vatican City are located.
Derived terms: Vaticanal
Vatican City
Vaticanian
Vaticanic
Vatican II
Vaticanism
Vaticanist
Vaticanologist
Vaticanology
Vatican roulette
Vatican
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus (“Vatican Hill”), further etymology unknown. The connection to vāticinārī (“to prophesy, oracle”) is folk-etymological.
Senses: examples: text: Unlike most other countries in the world, citizenship in Vatican City isn’t solely provided to people that are born in the country. As there are no hospitals in the Vatican State, virtually no one is born in there. Instead, Vatican citizenship is provided on a ‘jus officii’ basis.
ref: 2019 October 3, Ellen Curtin, “Everything You Wanted to Know about Vatican City”, in City Wonders, archived from the original on 13 Jun 2025:
glosses: Relating to the Vatican City state.