defy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: defies
form: defying
form: defied
form: defied
Etymology: From Old French desfier, from Vulgar Latin *disfidare (“renounce one's faith”), from Latin dis- (“away”) + fidus (“faithful”). Meaning shifted in the 14th century from "be disloyal" to "challenge". Contrast confide, fidelity, faith.
Senses: examples: text: to defy an enemy; to defy the power of a magistrate; to defy the arguments of an opponent; to defy public opinion
text: I once again / Defie thee to the trial of mortal fight.
ref: 1671, John Milton, Samson Agonistes:
text: "So you actually think yours is good-looking?" sneered the Baker. "Why, I could make a better-looking one out of a piece of dough."
"I defy you to," the Hansom-driver replied. "A face like mine is not easily copied. Nor am I the only person of that opinion. All the ladies think that I am beautiful. And of course I go by what they think."
ref: 1900, Edith King Hall, Adventures in Toyland Chapter 6:
glosses: To challenge (someone) or brave (a hazard or opposition).
examples: text: If you defy your teacher you may end up in detention.
text: Before coalition forces arrived, Iraq was ruled by a dictatorship that murdered its own citizens, threatened its neighbors, and defied the world.
ref: 2005, George W. Bush, Presidential Radio Address - 19 March 2005:
text: British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
ref: 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
glosses: To refuse to obey.
examples: text: By tossing this nineteenth electron back and forth between its own orbit and that of its lost companion more than twenty-five thousand times a second, a mutilated stone atom is able partially to defy gravity and thus successfully to ride the emerging streams of light and energy, the sunbeams, to liberty and adventure.
ref: 1955, anonymous author, The Urantia Book, Paper 41:
text: “To be determined,” Kane said, “is whether Griner and her towering skill and engaging personality will defy the odds and attract corporate sponsors as part of widespread public acceptance four decades after passage of the gender-equity legislation known as Title IX.”
ref: 2013, Jeré Longman, “W.N.B.A. Hopes Griner Can Change Perceptions, as Well as Game Itself”, in New York Times:
glosses: To not conform to or follow a pattern, set of rules or expectations.
examples: text: 1603-1625, Beaumont and Fletcher
For thee I have defied my constant mistress.
text: Dear perfum'd jackets, pennyless breeches; / Dutch flapdragons, healths in urine; / Drabs that keep a man too sure in: / I do defy you all. / Lend me each honest hand, for here I rise / A reclaim'd man, loathing the general vice.
ref: c. 1604–1606 (date written; published 1608), Thomas Middleton, “A Trick to Catch the Old One”, in A[rthur] H[enry] Bullen, editor, The Works of Thomas Middleton […] (The English Dramatists), volume II, London: John C. Nimmo […], published 1885, →OCLC, Act V, scene ii, page 352:
glosses: To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce.
Derived terms: death-defying
defiable
defier
defy belief
defyer
redefy
undefied
Related terms: defiance
defiant