cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
except
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈsɛpt/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɛpt/
ipa: /ɪkˈsɛpt/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /əkˈsɛpt/
homophone: accept stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
rhymes: -ɛpt
Forms: form: excepte
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French excepter, from Latin exceptus.
Senses: examples: text: There was nothing in the cupboard except a tin of beans.
text: Except that he is wearing polka-dot drawers, he is buck naked.
ref: 1983, Paul T. Rogers, Saul's Book:
text: One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.
ref: 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:
synonyms: apart from
except for
outtake
with the exception of
glosses: Used to introduce an exception or qualification to something previously stated.
Synonyms: word: apart
word: apart from
word: aside from
word: bar
word: barring
word: besides
word: but
word: but for
word: except
word: except for
word: excepting
word: excluding
word: forby
word: modulo
word: not counting
word: other than
word: outtake
word: save
word: save for
word: saving
word: with the exception of
Derived terms: except for
except for opinion
exceptive
exceptless
exceptional
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl/
ipa: [ɪ-]
ipa: [ɛ-]
Forms: form: more exceptional
form: most exceptional
Etymology: From exception + -al.
Senses: examples: text: What an exceptional meal!
glosses: Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare.
examples: text: The origins of the conditions and disorders that exceptional learners have are not always well understood.
topics: education
glosses: Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare.
Requiring special schooling for reasons of intellectual giftedness or physical or mental disability.
raw_tags: of a student
examples: text: The quality of the beer was exceptional.
glosses: Better than the average; superior due to exception or rarity.
examples: text: an exceptional curve; an exceptional divisor
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Corresponding to something of lower dimension under a birational correspondence.
Synonyms: english: most often used negatively, however
translation: most often used negatively, however
word: egregious
Derived terms: dual-exceptional
eggceptional
exceptional case-marking
exceptionalism
exceptionalist
exceptionality
exceptionally
exceptionalness
exceptional space
exceptional zero
nonexceptional
twice-exceptional
unexceptional
exceptional
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl/
ipa: [ɪ-]
ipa: [ɛ-]
Forms: form: exceptionals
Etymology: From exception + -al.
Senses: examples: text: Above and beyond all these exceptionals, by reason of divergencies from the norms of mental and of physical status, there are quite a number of moral defectives.
ref: 1909, Pediatrics, volume 21, page 276:
glosses: An exception, or something having an exceptional value
exigible
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Middle French exigible, from Late Latin exigibilis, from exigō (“exact, execute”) + -ibilis.
Senses: examples: an exigible tax
glosses: That may be exacted; demandable; requirable.
excitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛksaɪˈteɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌɛksɪˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: excitations
Etymology: From Middle English excitacion, excitacioun, from Old French excitation, from Latin excitātiō. Morphologically excite + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Generator excitation is obtained by a combination of the separately-excited and self-excited fields, and the output is controlled by a resistance in the separate field circuit adjusted by the load regulator under the control of the engine governor.
ref: 1961 October, “The first 1,250 h.p. Birmingham/Sulzer Type 2 diesels enter service”, in Trains Illustrated, page 607:
text: Wheelslip automatically causes the main generator field excitation to be reduced; the load regulator is forced back to minimum excitation and, if operating in one of the two stages of traction motor field divert, causes reversion to full field.
ref: 1962 December, “The Oxted Line diesel-electric multiple-units”, in Modern Railways, page 385:
glosses: The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing up or awakening.
examples: text: Baiae: An ancient Roman pleasure resort [...]. It was the focal point of all kinds fo erotic experiments, unbridled debauchery, amorous intrigues and excitations, sexual encounters and aberrations.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 39:
text: I'm pickin' up good vibrations / She's giving me the excitations.
ref: 1966, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, “Good Vibrations”, performed by The Beach Boys:
text: The erotics of composition are essential to the process, some prereflective excitation and orientation, some sense that your own little verse-craft can dock safe and sound at the big quay of language.
ref: 1999, Seamus Heaney, “Introduction”, in Beowulf, London: Faber and Faber, page xxvi:
glosses: The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced.
topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: The activity produced in an organ, tissue, or part, such as a nerve cell, as a result of stimulation.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A transition of a nucleus, atom or molecule to an excited state by the absorption of a quantum of energy; the opposite of relaxation.
Derived terms: cardioexcitation
chemiexcitation
deexcitation
de-excitation
disexcitation
electroexcitation
excitation energy
excitation function
hyperexcitation
hypoexcitation
isoexcitation
neuroexcitation
overexcitation
photoexcitation
preexcitation
reexcitation
self-excitation
selfexcitation
superexcitation
sympathoexcitation
exclamation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exclamations
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French exclamation, from Latin exclamatio, from ex (“out”) + clamare (“I cry out”).
Senses: examples: text: "And now, my dearest Lucy, collect yourself, for all depends upon our own resources." Such were the whispered exclamations with which Francesca cheered her trembling companion, whose courage was not heightened by the darkness and stillness around them as they proceeded on their hazardous enterprise.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 45:
glosses: A loud calling or crying out, for example as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.
glosses: A word expressing outcry; an interjection
synonyms: exclamation point
glosses: An exclamation mark
Derived terms: exclamational
exclamation mark
exclamation point
mark of exclamation
note of exclamation
excommunication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛkskəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: excommunications
Etymology: From Middle English excommunicacion, from Late Latin excommūnicātiō. By surface analysis, excommunicate + -ion. Displaced native Old English āmǣnsumung.
Senses: synonyms: excommunion
glosses: The act of excommunicating, disfellowshipping or ejecting; especially an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.
Synonyms: disfellowshipment
Derived terms: counterexcommunication
excoriation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛks.kɔ.ɹi.eɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: excoriations
Etymology: From excoriate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act of excoriating or flaying.
examples: text: A Perſon of Honour, of a full Body abounding with ſharp Humours, was ſeized with an Herpes on his right Leg. […] [I]t inflamed and ſwelled very much, many Wheals aroſe, and fretted one into another, with great Excoriation.
ref: 1676, Richard Wiseman, “[A Treatise of Tumors.] Of an Herpes”, in Severall Chirurgical Treatises, London: Printed by E. Flesher and J[ohn] Macock, for R[ichard] Royston bookseller to His Most Sacred Majesty, and B[enjamin] Took at the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC, page 80:
glosses: The excoriated place, or the state of being excoriated or stripped of the skin; abrasion.
glosses: A severe verbal denouncing.
Derived terms: excoriation disorder
exculpation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exculpations
Senses: glosses: The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime.
glosses: That which exculpates; an excuse.
execration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛksɪˈkɹeɪʃən/
ipa: /ɛksəˈkɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: execrations
Etymology: From Latin execrātiō.
Senses: examples: text: He inveighed againſt the Folly of making oneſelf liable for the Debts of others; vented many bitter Execrations againſt the Brother; and concluded with wiſhing ſomething could be done for the unfortunate Family.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, chapter VIII, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume V, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book XIII, page 72:
text: [W]hile all mourned and honoured the dead, thou hast lived to merit our hate and execration—lived to unite thyself with the vile tyrant who murdered thy nearest and dearest— […]
ref: 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter XIII, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 220:
text: When some of those brave and honest though misguided men who had sate in judgment on their King were dragged on hurdles to a death of prolonged torture, their last prayers were interrupted by the hisses and execrations of thousands.
ref: 1835 July, [Thomas Babington Macaulay], “Art. I.—History of the Revolution in England in 1688. Comprising a view of the Reign of James the Second, from his Accession, to the Enterprise of the Prince of Orange, by the late Right Honourable Sir James Mackintosh; and completed to the Settlement of the Crown, by the Editor. To which is prefixed, a Notice of the Life, Writings, and Speeches of Sir James Mackintosh. 4to. London: 1834”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, volume LXI, number CXXIV, Edinburgh: Printed by Ballantyne and Company, for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, London; and Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, →OCLC, page 294:
text: For all to be accomplished, for me to feel less lonely, all that remained to hope was that on the day of my execution there should be a huge crowd of spectators and that they should greet me with howls of execration.
ref: 1946 April 11, Albert Camus; Stuart Gilbert, transl., part 2, chapter V, in The Stranger, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, OCLC 343192; reprinted New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, June 1967 (12th printing), OCLC 1990040, page 154
glosses: An act or instance of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; an imprecation; an expression of utter detestation.
examples: text: For thus ſaith the Lord of hoſts the God of Israel, As mine anger and my furie hath beene powred foorth upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem: ſo ſhall my furie bee powred foorth upon you, when yee shall enter into Egypt: and ye ſhall be an execration, and an aſtoniſhment, and a curſe, and a reproch; and ye ſhall ſee this place no more.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 42:18:
glosses: That which is execrated; a detested thing.
Related terms: execrate
execrative
execrator
execratory
exemplification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exemplifications
Etymology: From Middle English exemplificacion, exemplification, from Anglo-Norman exemplification, from Medieval Latin exemplificātiō.
Senses: glosses: The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.
glosses: That which exemplifies; a case in point; example.
topics: law
glosses: A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the seal of an officer having custody of the original.
Derived terms: counterexemplification
nonexemplification
exfoliation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exfoliations
Etymology: From Latin exfoliare (to remove leaves).
Senses: glosses: The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the state of being exfoliated.
topics: cosmetics
lifestyle
glosses: The removal of a layer of dead skin, as in cosmetic preparation.
qualifier: possible misuse
glosses: The loss of leaves from a plant.
Derived terms: chemexfoliation
microexfoliation
overexfoliation
pseudoexfoliation
Related terms: exfoliant
foliate
foliation
exhalation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exhalations
Senses: examples: text: short exhalations of breath
glosses: The act or process of exhaling; breathing out
examples: text: exhalations from the earth or flowers
text: 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter II, http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks16/1600641.txt
For a week the party watched the flood, and each day it receded to a considerable extent. A thick deposit of mud was left behind, but though the sun shone out warmly no offensive exhalations arose.
glosses: That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of vapor, fume, or steam
glosses: A bright phenomenon; a meteor.
exhilaration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exhilarations
Etymology: From exhilarate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or cheerful; a gladdening.
synonyms: exaltation
glosses: The state of being enlivened, cheerful or exhilarated.
Related terms: exhilarate
hilarious
Hilary
exhortation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛɡzɔːˈteɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌɛksɔːˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exhortations
Etymology: From Middle English exhortacioun, from Old French exhortacion, from Latin exhortātiōnem, accusative singular of exhortātiō (“encouraging; exhortation”), from exhortor (“to encourage, exhort”), from ex (“out of, from”) + hortor (“encourage”). By surface analysis, exhort + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: All gladly drew round the table, and Mrs. Palmer's exhortation of “Poor dears, do enjoy yourselves,” was fulfilled, even to her own satisfaction.
ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 47:
text: Earlier on the Other stage on Friday afternoon, Charli XCX took a more straightforward, rabble-rousing approach, a flurry of confetti cannon, inflatables and exhortations to wild hedonism: “I hope everyone gets really fucked up this weekend!”
ref: 2017 June 2, Alexis Petridis, “Glastonbury 2017 verdict: Radiohead, Foo Fighters, Lorde, Stormzy and more”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 07 Apr 2023:
glosses: The act or practice of exhorting.
examples: text: Come good Lorenzo, faryewell a while,
Ile end my exhortation after dinner.
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 164, column 1:
text: And ye haue forgotten the exhortation which speaketh vnto you as vnto children, My sonne, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 12:5:
synonyms: counsel
antonyms: admonition
glosses: Language intended to give advice or to urge or encourage.
Synonyms: hortation
advice
Derived terms: apostolic exhortation
exhumation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛks.hjuːˈmeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exhumations
Senses: glosses: The act of digging up that which has been buried.
Synonyms: disinterment
Derived terms: reexhumation
Related terms: exhume
exoneration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exonerations
Etymology: From Latin exonerātiō. By surface analysis, exonerate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: Alpaca. (Camelus Pacos,) also Paco. […] This animal, like the camel, is domable, and will carry from seven to nine stone; it will fall on its knees for the convenient reception and exoneration of its burthen.
ref: 1815, Antonio de Alcedo, “Provincial Terms, &c.”, in G[eorge] A[lexander] Thompson, editor, The Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America and the West Indies. Containing and Entire Translation of the Spanish Work of Colonel Don Antonio de Alcedo, […] In Five Volumes, volume V, London: Printed for the author, and published by Carpenter and Son, Old Bond-Street; [et al.], →OCLC, page 8:
text: Mr. Spitzer’s proposal also calls for the creation of a state office that would be responsible for studying all cases that resulted in exonerations and looking for flaws in the system that led to those wrongful convictions.
ref: 2007 May 14, Patrick Mcgeehan, “New York Plan for DNA Data in Most Crimes”, in New York Times:
glosses: An act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a charge or imputation.
glosses: The state of being disburdened or freed from a charge.
Derived terms: nonexoneration
Related terms: rehabilitation
vindication
expatiate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt/
ipa: /ɛkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt/
Forms: form: expatiates
form: expatiating
form: expatiated
form: expatiated
Etymology: From the participle stem of Latin expatior, from ex- + spatior (“walk about”).
Senses: examples: text: [H]e expatiated on the inconveniences of trade, that carried from us the commodities of our country, and made a parcel of upſtarts as rich as men of the moſt ancient families of England.
ref: 1716 March 16 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 22. Monday, March 5. [1716.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC, page 438:
text: To the pure mind of Isabella thought of no other had arisen; and it was far better that the generous romance of her young heart should expatiate on the rival in heaven, than for a moment dread a rival on earth, and therefore become subject to jealousy...
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXVII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 48–49:
text: Governor Bellingham, in a loose gown and easy cap,—such as elderly gentlemen loved to indue themselves with, in their domestic privacy,—walked foremost, and appeared to be showing off his estate, and expatiating on his projected improvements.
ref: 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Elf-child and the Minister”, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC, page 128:
text: Now, as the business of standing mast-heads, ashore or afloat, is a very ancient and interesting one, let us in some measure expatiate here.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Mast-head”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 203:
text: Wooster: If you ask me, art is responsible for most of the trouble in the world. / Jeeves: An interesting theory, sir. Would you care to expatiate upon it? / Wooster: As a matter of fact, no, Jeeves. The thought just occurred to me, as thoughts do. / Jeeves: Very good, sir.
ref: 1992 May 3, Clive Exton, “Comrade Bingo”, in Jeeves and Wooster, season 3, episode 6:
text: “It can't fly,” he expatiated. “It can move forward only by hopping.”
ref: 2007, Clive James, Cultural Amnesia, Picador, page 847:
synonyms: descant
dilate
enlarge
expound
expand
elaborate
glosses: To write or speak at length; to be copious in argument or discussion.
examples: text: [L]ooks on heav'n with more than mortal eyes, / Bids his free ſoul expatiate in the skies, / Amidſt her kindred ſtars familiar roam, / Survey the region, and confeſs her home! Such was the life great Scipio once admir'd, / Thus Atticus, and Trumball thus retir'd.
ref: 1713, [Alexander] Pope, Windsor-Forest. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, page 62:
glosses: To range at large, or without restraint.
glosses: To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden.
Derived terms: expatiatingly
expatiative
expatiator
expatriate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/
ipa: /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/
Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1787, the adjective and noun in 1812; borrowed from Medieval Latin expatriātus, perfect passive participle of expatriō (“to banish”) (see -ate (etymology 1,2 and 3)), from Latin ex- (“out of”) + patria (“native land”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); possibly after French expatrier and expatrié.
Senses: examples: text: an expatriate rebel force
synonyms: émigré
outland
emigrant
immigrant
glosses: Living outside of one's own country.
expatriate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/
ipa: /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/
Forms: form: expatriates
Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1787, the adjective and noun in 1812; borrowed from Medieval Latin expatriātus, perfect passive participle of expatriō (“to banish”) (see -ate (etymology 1,2 and 3)), from Latin ex- (“out of”) + patria (“native land”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); possibly after French expatrier and expatrié.
Senses: synonyms: émigré
outlander
emigrant
immigrant
glosses: One who lives outside one's own country, especially temporarily for a profession or education.
synonyms: exile
glosses: One who has been banished from one's own country.
Derived terms: expat
expatriatism
nonexpatriate
rex-patriate
Texpatriate
Related terms: inpatriate
repatriate
emigrant
exile
immigrant
expatriate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/
ipa: /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/
ipa: /ɛksˈpætɹɪ.eɪt/
ipa: /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/
Forms: form: expatriates
form: expatriating
form: expatriated
form: expatriated
Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1787, the adjective and noun in 1812; borrowed from Medieval Latin expatriātus, perfect passive participle of expatriō (“to banish”) (see -ate (etymology 1,2 and 3)), from Latin ex- (“out of”) + patria (“native land”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); possibly after French expatrier and expatrié.
Senses: glosses: To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of.
glosses: To withdraw from one’s native country.
glosses: To renounce the rights and liabilities of citizenship where one is born and become a citizen of another country.
Related terms: repatriate
patriate
expectoration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: expectorations
Senses: topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: The action of expectorating, of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs by coughing, hawking, or spitting.
topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.
Related terms: mucolysis
experimentation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ɪ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɛkˌspɛɹ.ɪ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɪkˌspɪɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: experimentations
Etymology: From Latin ex- + -periri (akin to periculum), "attempt". Morphologically experiment + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The act of experimenting; practice by experiment.
examples: text: As in much of biology, the most satisfying truths in ecology derive from manipulative experimentation. Tinker with nature and quantify how it responds.
ref: 2012 January 24, Robert M. Pringle, “How to Be Manipulative”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 03 Oct 2013, page 31:
topics: sciences
glosses: A set of actions and observations, performed to verify or falsify a hypothesis or to research a causal relationship between phenomena.
Derived terms: animal experimentation
experimentational
sexperimentation
expiration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛk.spəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌɛk.spaɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: expirations
form: exspiration
Etymology: From Middle English expiracioun, exspiracioun (“vapor, breath”), from Latin expīrātiōnem, exspīrātiōnem, accusative singular of expīrātiō, exspīrātiō. By surface analysis, expire + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Holonym: respiration
text: crackles heard on expiration
glosses: An act, process, or instance of expiring.
The act or process of breathing out, or forcing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth.
synonyms: exhalation
antonyms: inspiration
inhalation
examples: text: labored expirations
glosses: An act, process, or instance of expiring.
A single outward breath.
synonyms: exhalation
antonyms: inspiration
inhalation
glosses: An act, process, or instance of expiring.
Other similar release of volatile matter.
synonyms: emission
glosses: An act, process, or instance of expiring.
The last emission of breath; thus, synonym of death.
synonyms: word: demise
word: quietus
word: death
word: celestial transfer
word: decease
word: decomposition
word: defunction
word: dematerialization
word: demise
word: dirt nap
word: doom
word: exit
word: expiration
word: fatality
word: liquidation
word: mortality
word: quietus
word: repose
word: sleep of the just
word: sunset
word: the big sleep
word: crash
word: downfall
word: fall
word: (the) bane
word: (the) end
examples: text: expiration date
glosses: An act, process, or instance of expiring.
Any other (metaphorically comparable) cessation, extinction, or ending.
synonyms: termination
end#Noun
glosses: An act, process, or instance of expiring.
That which is produced by breathing out, as a sound.
Derived terms: expirational
expiration date
expiration time
postexpiration
time until expiration
Related terms: expiry
expire
explication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: explications
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French explication, from Latin explicatio, explicationem.
Senses: glosses: The act of opening or unfolding.
examples: text: Her anthemic "Who Stands For Life" is a powerful explication of what it means to be "pro-life".
ref: 1991 August 24, Caroline Foty, “It's The End Of The Year As We Know It”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 6, page 10:
glosses: The act of explaining; an explanation.
glosses: The sense given by an expositor.
Derived terms: misexplication
Related terms: explicate
explicator
explicit
exploitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃn̩/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exploitations
Etymology: Borrowed from French exploitation, from exploiter (“exploit”), from Latin explicō (“unfold, deploy”).
Senses: examples: text: Whereas in the middle ages the idea of acquiring wealth was limited by a body of moral rules imposed under the sanction of religious authority, after 1500 those rules, and the institutions, habits, and ideas to which they had given birth, were no longer deemed adequate. They were felt as constraint. There were evaded, criticized, abandoned, because it was felt that they interfered with the exploitation of the means of production.
ref: 1936, Harold Laski, “The Rise of European Liberalism”, in Collected Works of Harold Laski, London: Routledge, published 1997, page 20:
glosses: The act of utilizing something; industry.
examples: text: the exploitation of children in beauty pageants
text: "The second function is for seers who have used magic, but do not know about the second function. This criteria selects the informed while preventing premeditated exploitation of this function."
ref: 2018 January 22, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Monday, Jan 22, 2018:
glosses: The improper use of something for selfish purposes.
examples: text: Undocumented migrants are vulnerable to exploitation.
glosses: The act or result of forcibly depriving someone of something to which they have a right.
examples: text: This territory continued to be the greatest field for the exploitation and distribution of our films non-theatrically, […]
ref: 1928, Canada. Dept. of Trade and Commerce, Annual Report:
text: The difference is that obtaining increased financial input during the production phase of the film reduces the risk during the exploitation phase.
ref: 2017, Finola Kerrigan, Film Marketing:
glosses: The marketing and promotion of a film.
Derived terms: antiexploitation
blaxploitation
counterexploitation
exploitational
exploitationer
exploitation film
exploitative
Nazi exploitation
nonexploitation
overexploitation
sexploitation
-sploitation
superexploitation
underexploitation
unexploitation
Related terms: exploit
exploitable
exploration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ĕks’plərā′shən
ipa: /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: explorations
Etymology: From Middle French exploration, from Latin exploratio. Morphologically explore + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: By this time, largely inspired by The Railway Magazine, I had begun to spread my wings, and had started on a long career of railway exploration.
ref: 1957 July 24, M. D. Greville, “A Diamond Jubilee of Railway Memories”, in Railway Magazine, page 459:
glosses: The process of exploring.
examples: text: The exploration of unknown areas was often the precursor to colonization.
glosses: The process of penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of (especially geographical) discovery.
glosses: The (pre-)mining process of finding and determining commercially viable ore deposits (after prospecting), also called mineral exploration.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A physical examination of a patient.
Derived terms: explorational
explorationist
reexploration
sexploration
space exploration
urban exploration
Related terms: explorative
exploratory
explorer
exportation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exportations
Etymology: From export + -ation.
Senses: topics: business
economics
sciences
glosses: The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce.
qualifier: import/export
glosses: The commodity exported; an export.
glosses: The act of carrying something away or out from a place.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Either the logical law ((P∧Q)→R)⇒(P→(Q→R)), or the rule of replacement ((P∧Q)→R)⇔(P→(Q→R)).
Derived terms: nonexportation
reexportation
expostulation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: expostulations
Etymology: From Latin expostulātiōnem, accusative singular of expostulātiō (“complaint, expostulation”), from expostulō (“demand, expostulate”), from ex (“out of, from”) + postulō (“demand or claim”). See expostulate.
Senses: examples: text: At length, by dint of much wriggling, and loud and incessant expostulations upon the unbecomingness of his hugging a fellow male in that matrimonial sort of style, I succeeded in extracting a grunt […]
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 4, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: The official declined to listen to any expostulations.
ref: 1921 October, Maxwell H. H. Macartney, “An Ex-Enemy in Berlin to-Day”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: The act of reasoning earnestly in order to dissuade or remonstrate.
Related terms: demur
exception
objection
protest
protestation
remonstrance
remonstration
squawk
kick
expound
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈspaʊnd/
ipa: /ɛkˈspaʊnd/
rhymes: -aʊnd
Forms: form: expounds
form: expounding
form: expounded
form: expounded
Etymology: From Middle English expounden, from Old French espondre, from Latin exponere. Doublet of expone and expose.
Senses: examples: text: Today I'll expound at length the theory propounded last week.
text: “[…] Some day, when you are tired of London, come down to Treadley, and expound to me your philosophy of pleasure over some admirable Burgundy I am fortunate enough to possess.”
ref: 1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter III, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London; New York, N.Y.; Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, pages 63–64:
text: Ramus, fascinated by Plato and by the dialogues in which Socrates expounds his ideas with as much simplicity as freedom, endeavoured to Socratise in his turn.
ref: 1891, John Stuart Verschoyle, The History of Modern Civilization: A Handbook, page 204:
text: The impossibility of explaining the Stern-Gerlach result is what he and Ehrenfest tried to show with their “little calculation”. This joint paper had a markedly Ehrenfestian character, as in it, after expounding several arguments, the issue remains open.
ref: 2016, Enric Pérez, Blai Pié i Valls, “Bohr and Ehrenfest: transformations and correspondences in the early 1920s”, in European Physical Journal H, volume 41, →DOI, page 108:
synonyms: spell out
glosses: To set out the meaning of; to explain or discuss at length.
examples: text: He expounded often on the dangers of the imperial presidency.
text: Fowler was also interested in metallurgy and the use of new materials that could withstand greater stresses, something he expounded on when giving his presidential address to the new Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1927.
ref: 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Evesham (1870)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 59:
qualifier: with on or upon
glosses: To make a statement, especially at length.
Derived terms: expoundable
expounder
misexpound
unexpounded
Related terms: exponent
expose
exposition
expropriation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛksˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: expropriations
Etymology: From expropriate + -ion.
Senses: examples: c. 1648, Walter Montagu, Devout Essaies.
The soul of man then is capable of a state of much peace and equanimity, in the exterior bands and agitations; but this capacity is rather an effect of the expropriation of our reason, then a vertue resulting from her single capacity.
glosses: The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to private property without material compensation; the act of depriving oneself of private propriety rights.
Related terms: eminent domain
expurgation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: expurgations
Senses: glosses: The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous.
extemporization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: extemporizations
form: extemporisation
Senses: glosses: The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything extempore.
extermination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exterminations
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French extermination, itself a learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin exterminātiō.
Senses: examples: text: extermination of error or vice
text: extermination of weeds from a field
text: Depending on the case, extermination of a group of people may constitute genocide or crime against humanity.
text: Caley locomotive types, especially such numerous things as McIntosh goods and tank engines, have defied extermination over a good many years now.
ref: 1941 January, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The Scottish Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 3:
glosses: The act of exterminating; total destruction or eradication.
glosses: Elimination.
Synonyms: sense: total destruction
word: excision
Derived terms: extermination camp
exterminationism
exterminationist
nonextermination
extirpation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: extirpations
Senses: examples: text: it aims at the correction of our manners, and extirpation of our vices
ref: 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 34:
glosses: The act of extirpating or uprooting.
extra
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkstɹə/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈɛksʈɾa/
Forms: form: more extra
form: most extra
Etymology: Abbreviation of extraordinary.
Senses: examples: text: I don't mind doing some extra work, as long as I get extra pay.
text: Kellogg himself became the biggest on-site celeb of all, delivering a weekly ‘Question Box’ lecture in which he explained that tobacco destroyed testicles, and that Ancient Rome had only fallen because the decadent Senators had started tossing their slaves into cookery pots to lend their food extra flavour, thus proving that an over-rich diet could lead to wholesale civilisational collapse.
ref: 2018, S. D. Tucker, “Doctor Poolittle”, in Quacks! Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 147:
glosses: Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional; supernumerary.
glosses: Extraordinarily good; superior.
examples: text: You unfollowed her for posting cat memes? You're so extra!
text: Wow, you're more extra than she is. You're the most extra friend I have.
text: I highly recommend getting some more bread on the side—they offer small loaves and soup crackers for free, but I'm so extra, I bought my own loaf.
ref: 2017, Yael Livneh, "Whole Foods", in "Get The Inside Soup: Staffers Review Local Soup Stops", 3 February 2017, page 23
text: Shattered glass, pierced, bejewelled, chromed and glittered - nails are going totally extra on Insta at the minute and we approve.
ref: 2017 November, Claire Craig, “#Instabeauty”, in Northern Woman, page 48:
text: Two months of Christmas trees, Christmas movies and Christmas music brings so much fun to our home, we are so extra with it!
ref: 2019, Michelle Spottswood, quoted in Kirby Myers, "Does Christmas in your house start before or after Thanksgiving", Key West Weekly, 21 November 2019, page 7
glosses: Over the top; going beyond what is normal or appropriate, often in a dramatic manner.
Derived terms: ab extra
extra attacker
extra base hit
extracondensed
extra cover
extra dictionem
extra ends
extra extra extra large
extra extra extra small
extra extra large
extra extra small
extra inning
extra innings
extra large
extralong
extraness
extraordinary
extra pair of hands
extra point
extra service
extra small
extra time
extra virgin
exurb
go the extra mile
superextra
with extra steps
extra
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkstɹə/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈɛksʈɾa/
Etymology: Abbreviation of extraordinary.
Senses: examples: text: That day he ran to school extra fast.
glosses: To an extraordinary degree.
extra
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkstɹə/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈɛksʈɾa/
Forms: form: extras
Etymology: Abbreviation of extraordinary.
Senses: synonyms: addition
supplement
glosses: Something additional, such as an item above and beyond the ordinary school curriculum, or added to the usual charge on a bill.
examples: text: Extra, extra! Read all about it!
glosses: An extra edition of a newspaper, which is printed outside of the normal printing cycle, for example to report an important late-breaking event.
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
synonyms: sundry
glosses: A run scored without the ball having hit the striker's bat - a wide, bye, leg bye or no ball.
topics: acting
broadcasting
entertainment
film
lifestyle
media
television
theater
glosses: A supernumerary or walk-on in a film or play.
examples: text: Stop! I can't deal with all your extra today!
glosses: The state or trait of being over the top, of behaving in an overly dramatic manner.
glosses: Something of an extra quality or grade.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A day of extra duties (often, over the weekends) in camp, as a form of punishment. Used in the phrase “to sign extra”, meaning one has been assigned extras as punishment.
Derived terms: extra credit
Romsey Extra
sextra
wuxtry
extract
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ĕk'străkt
ipa: /ˈɛkstɹækt/
enpr: ĭkstrăkt'
ipa: /ɪkˈstɹækt/
ipa: /ɛkˈstɹækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: extracts
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin extractum, neuter perfect passive participle of extrahō, from ex- (“out of”) + trahō (“to drag”).
Senses: glosses: Something that is extracted or drawn out.
examples: text: I used an extract of Hemingway's book to demonstrate culture shock.
glosses: A portion of a book or document, incorporated distinctly in another work; a citation; a quotation.
examples: text: vanilla extract
text: extract of beef
text: extract of dandelion
glosses: A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue
examples: text: quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.
glosses: Any substance extracted is such a way, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained
glosses: A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant (distinguished from an abstract).
glosses: A peculiar principle (fundamental essence) once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts.
glosses: Ancestry; descent.
glosses: A draft or copy of writing; a certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgment therein, with an order for execution.
Synonyms: sense: that which is extracted
word: extraction
sense: principle
word: extractive principle
sense: ancestry, descent
word: origin
sense: ancestry, descent
word: extraction
Derived terms: coffee extract
extract from the criminal record
extract from the judicial record
extractiform
flavour extract
Goulard's extract
licorice extract
Liebig's extract
liquorice extract
phytoextract
vanilla extract
yeast extract
Related terms: tincture
extraneous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/
ipa: /ekˈstɹæɪ.ni.əs/
ipa: /ɪkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/
ipa: /ɛkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/
rhymes: -eɪniəs
Etymology: From Latin extrāneus (“from without, strange”). Doublet of strange. Cognate with estrange (verb), Spanish extraño.
Senses: examples: text: to separate gold from extraneous matter
text: Extraneous substances were found on my cup of water.
glosses: Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond a thing; foreign.
examples: text: Edward had seen beauty often, and seen it with every possible aid; but never had he seen beauty so perfect, yet so utterly devoid of extraneous assistance.
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:
text: If the Government believes that part of the railways' salvation is to be found in ridding them of extraneous concerns, it should have had the courage either to close the railway works down as quickly as possible, or to hive them off as an entirely separate concern, [...].
ref: 1964 May, “News and Comment: Minister hamstrings BR workshops”, in Modern Railways, page 291:
glosses: Not essential or intrinsic.
Synonyms: sense: not belonging to
word: additional
word: alien
word: foreign
word: intrusive
sense: not essential
word: superfluous
word: extra
Derived terms: extraneously
extraneousness
extraneous variable
nonextraneous
unextraneous
extrication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: extrications
Etymology: From extricate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act or process of extricating or disentangling; a freeing from perplexities; disentanglement.
topics: emergency-medicine
medicine
sciences
qualifier: public safety
glosses: Rescue of a trapped person in a vehicle or machinery.
glosses: The act of sending out or evolving.
exultation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛɡzʌlˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exultations
Etymology: From Middle English exultacion, from Old French exultacion, from Latin exsultātiō, exsultātiōnem.
Senses: examples: text: Strange that this idea carried with it something of exultation! so much does the pride of man rejoice in aught that marks him from his fellows, and little does it seem to matter whether that mark be for good or for evil.
ref: 1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, pages 65–66:
synonyms: triumph
glosses: The act of exulting; great joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight
eyot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪt/
ipa: /ˈeɪ.ət/
ipa: /aɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
rhymes: -aɪt
homophone: ait
homophone: ate
homophone: eight
Forms: form: eyots
form: ait
form: eight
form: eyet
Etymology: From Middle English eyt, eit, from Old English īġeoþ, īgoþ, iggaþ, iggoþ (“ait, eyot, islet, small island”), diminutive of īġ, ēġ, īeġ (“island”) (whence English ey (“island”)) which also constitutes the first element of island. See also ait and Norwegian Bokmål øy.
Senses: glosses: A little island, especially in a river or lake.
Synonyms: islet
holm
fabrication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: fabrications
Etymology: From Middle French fabrication, from Latin fabricatio. Equivalent to fabricate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: the fabrication of a bridge, a church, or a government
glosses: The act of fabricating, framing, or constructing; construction; manufacture
examples: text: The story is doubtless a fabrication.
text: The conscious mind refuses to admit any failure to perceive, and puts in its place a series of rationalisations which are fabrications and distortions of the real nature of things.
ref: 1999 July 9, Bernard Burgoyne, “The Mind”, in The Guardian:
glosses: That which is fabricated; a falsehood.
examples: text: For many years meat fabrication was done by hand, with the butchers improving their craft with the advent of higher quality metals, knives, and tools. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1800s, meat processing changed.
ref: 2011, Thomas Schneller, Kitchen Pro Series: Guide to Purchasing, page 92:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: The act of cutting up an animal carcass as preparation for cooking; butchery.
Derived terms: biofabrication
microfabrication
mycofabrication
nanofabrication
photofabrication
prefabrication
refabrication
Related terms: fabricate
fabricated
fabricating
fabric
facilitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/
ipa: /fəˌsɪləˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: facilitations
Etymology: From facilitate + -ion. Compare Latin facilitātiō.
Senses: glosses: The act of facilitating or making easy.
topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: The process of synapses becoming more capable of transmitting the same type of signal each time certain types of sensory signals pass through sequences of these synapses.
Derived terms: cofacilitation
disfacilitation
hyperfacilitation
photofacilitation
fader
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfeɪdə/
rhymes: -eɪdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: faders
Etymology: From fade (verb) + -er.
Senses: glosses: A device used to raise and lower sound volume.
topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A program or algorithm for fading out colors.
Derived terms: crossfader
postfader
prefader
fader
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfeɪdə/
rhymes: -eɪdə(ɹ)
Etymology: From fade (adjective) + -er.
Senses: glosses: comparative form of fade: more fade