cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
merchant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/
ipa: /ˈmɜːtʃənt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃənt
Forms: form: merchants
form: marchant
form: merchaunt
Etymology: From Middle English marchaunt, from Anglo-Norman marchaunt, from mercans, from the verb mercor (“I trade, deal, sell”).
Senses: synonyms: trader
glosses: A person who traffics in commodities for profit.
glosses: The owner or operator of a retail business.
examples: text: Every day, some sailor's wife, / The masters of some merchant, and the merchant, / Have just our theme of woe.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 5:
glosses: A trading vessel; a merchantman.
examples: text: He's some kind of speed merchant — he drives way too fast.
text: Goal merchant Smith scored twice again in the match against Mudchester Rovers.
glosses: Someone who is noted for a stated type of activity or behaviour.
glosses: A supercargo.
Synonyms: word: chandler
word: chapman
word: copreman
word: dealer
word: huckster
word: haggler
word: hawker
word: merchant
word: monger
word: peddler
word: retailer
word: salesperson
word: seller
word: shopkeeper
word: shoppie
word: storekeep
word: trader
word: vendor
Hypernyms: word: worker
Hyponyms: word: salesman
word: saleswoman
word: costermonger
word: fishmonger
word: grocer
word: ironmonger
word: Italian warehouseman
word: Radhanite
Derived terms: caper merchant
coal merchant
country merchant
dole merchant
fanny merchant
feather merchant
Happy Merchant
hop merchant
knockout merchant
law merchant
merchantability
merchantable
merchant bank
merchant banker
merchant ensign
merchantess
merchant flag
merchant fleet
merchanthood
merchant iron
merchantish
merchantlike
merchantly
merchantman
merchant marine
merchant mariner
merchant navy
merchant of death
merchant prince
merchantry
merchant seaman
merchant ship
merchant shipping
merchant tailor
merchant venturer
merchantwoman
nonmerchant
rip-off merchant
scrap merchant
skin merchant
sleaze-merchant
speed merchant
spin merchant
timber merchant
Turkey merchant
wind-up merchant
winemerchant
wine merchant
Related terms: word: mercantile
word: merchandise
word: trade
merchant
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/
ipa: /ˈmɜːtʃənt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃənt
Forms: form: merchants
form: merchanting
form: merchanted
form: merchanted
form: marchant
form: merchaunt
Etymology: From Middle English marchaunt, from Anglo-Norman marchaunt, from mercans, from the verb mercor (“I trade, deal, sell”).
Senses: examples: a merchanting service
glosses: As a resident of a region, to buy goods from a non-resident and sell them to another non-resident.
second order stream
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: second order streams
Senses: glosses: a stream formed by the confluence of two first order streams, or of a first order stream and a second order stream
Related terms: third order stream
bookstore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊkstɔː/
Forms: form: bookstores
form: book store
Etymology: From book + store.
Senses: glosses: A store where books are bought and sold.
glosses: A stationery store.
Synonyms: bookshop
Derived terms: adult bookstore
bookstorekeeper
e-bookstore
used bookstore
coachman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkoʊt͡ʃmən/
ipa: /ˈkəʊt͡ʃmən/
Forms: form: coachmen
Etymology: From coach + -man.
Senses: examples: text: In about half-an-hour John and Mr. York, who was to be our new coachman, came in to see us. "Now Mr. Manly," he said, after carefully looking at us both, "I can see no fault in these horses, but we all know that horses have their peculiarities as well as men, and that sometimes they need different treatment; I should like to know if there is anything particular in either of these, that you would like to mention."
ref: [1877], Anna Sewell, “Earlshall”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, pages 101–102:
glosses: A man who drives a horse-drawn coach, a male coach driver.
glosses: A fish in the genus Heniochus, either Heniochus acuminatus or Heniochus diphreutes.
Derived terms: coachmanship
undercoachman
Related terms: coachwoman
coach driver
driver's license
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: driver's licenses
form: driver license
form: drivers license
Senses: glosses: A document issued to a specific person by a government authority, permitting this person to drive one or more classes of motor vehicle on public roads and highways, often used as an identification document.
Synonyms: word: driving licence
word: driver's licence
word: driver licence
Related terms: learner's permit
derring-do
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛɹɪŋˈduː/
ipa: /ˌdɛɹɪŋˈduː/
Etymology: From Middle English daring (to) do, misinterpreted as a noun by Edmund Spenser.
Senses: examples: text: With a cry of sheer derring-do, the climber leapt across the chasm.
glosses: Valiant deeds in desperate times.
glosses: Brave and adventurous (albeit often reckless) actions.
Derived terms: derring-doery
lentil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛntəl/
rhymes: -ɛntəl
Forms: form: lentils
Etymology: From Middle English lentile, from Old French lentille from Latin lenticula, diminutive of lēns, from a pre-Indo-European substrate source shared by German Linse, Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros) and Lithuanian lęšis. Doublet of lenticula.
Senses: glosses: Any of several plants of the genus Lens, especially Lens culinaris, from southwest Asia, that have edible, lens-shaped seeds within flattened pods.
examples: text: make a lentil stew
text: a lentil salad
text: In ancient Greece, lentils were believed to stimulate desire.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 136:
text: A couple of vegetables, sambar (spicy and sour lentils and vegetables boiled with masalas and spices), rasam (a hot and fiery lentil soup-like dish) and curds (yoghurt) served with heaps of rice and eaten in that order. A non-vegetarian version of the “meals” can be found in “Military” hotels.
ref: 2017 July 12, Sanjiv Khamgaonkar, “40 Mumbai foods we can’t live without”, in CNN:
text: Wild nuts, peas, vetch, a legume which had edible seed pods, and grasses were often combined with pulses like beans or lentils, the most commonly identified ingredient, and at times, wild mustard. To make the plants more palatable, pulses, which have a naturally bitter taste, were soaked, coarsely ground or pounded with stones to remove their husk.
ref: 2022 November 22, Katie Hunt, “Neanderthals cooked meals with pulses 70,000 years ago”, in CNN:
glosses: The seed of these plants, used as food.
examples: text: An enhanced focus on the brand's iconic color palette and the use of different shapes and sizes of M&M'S lentils across all touchpoints to prove that all together, we're more fun
ref: 2022 January 20, Mars Corporation, “Iconic M&M'S® Brand Announces Global Commitment to Creating A World Where Everyone Feels They Belong”, in PR Newswire, retrieved 17 Sep 2025:
synonyms: dragée
glosses: A small chocolate candy in an edible shell.
Derived terms: beluga lentil
lentilish
lentilist
lentil-like
lentil shell
lentil-weaver
lentil-weaving
Le Puy lentil
Puy lentil
sea-lentil
soylent
water lentil
Related terms: lens
lenticular
split pea
corno
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: corni
Etymology: From Italian corno, from Latin cornu (“horn”). Doublet of corn (“callus”), cornu, and horn.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: French horn
Related terms: corno di bassetto
icebox
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌɪsbɒks/
Forms: form: iceboxes
form: ice-box
Etymology: From ice + box.
Senses: glosses: A box or compartment containing ice, typically used to keep provisions cool.
glosses: A compartment in a refrigerator that is colder than the rest of the refrigerator and is used as a freezer.
glosses: A refrigerator.
examples: text: I moved here from the icebox of the upper Midwest.
glosses: A city with a cold or snowy climate.
examples: text: ‘The sister ran after them and brought them back and had Owen heaved into the icebox.’
ref: 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 53:
glosses: A prison.
glosses: A morgue.
Synonyms: word: cool box
word: cooler
word: coolbox
word: chilly bin
word: esky
Derived terms: icebox cake
icebox cookie
iceboxful
icebox pie
icebox
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌɪsbɒks/
Forms: form: ice-box
Etymology: From ice + box.
Senses: examples: text: MIKE: Yeah, yeah, so. So we'll forget about the rent, we'll pay you another time, is that cool?
BALOWSKI: Yes, that's absolutely icebox! See you later, Ford Anglia!
ref: 1982, Alexei Sayle, The Young Ones:
glosses: agreeable, awesome. (as a superlative of cool)
refrigerator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪtə/
ipa: /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪtɚ/
ipa: /ɹəˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪtɚ/
Forms: form: refrigerators
Etymology: From Medieval Latin refrīgerātor (“cooler”).
Senses: examples: text: Meronym: condenser
text: Jo uttered a groan and fell back in her chair, remembering that she had given a last hasty powdering to the berries out of one of the two boxes on the kitchen table, and had neglected to put the milk in the refrigerator.
ref: 1868, Louisa May Alcott, Little Women, ch. 11:
text: An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
ref: 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):
coordinate_terms: freezer
glosses: A household or commercial appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).
examples: Meronym: condenser
coordinate_terms: freezer
glosses: A similar device used to keep non-food items cold, such as blood, photographic film, drugs, or pharmaceuticals like insulin.
examples: text: […] in a state of sublime satisfaction, he moves among the company, a magnificent refrigerator.
ref: 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:
glosses: One who has a chilling influence.
Synonyms: chiller
coolchest
fridge
frigerator
icebox
Derived terms: absorption refrigerator
Einstein refrigerator
Einstein-Szilárd refrigerator
fridge
in the refrigerator
refrig
refrigerator-freezer
refrigerator magnet
refrigerator mom
refrigerator mother
refrigerator pie
refrigerator truck
Related terms: refrigerate
refrigeration
cooler
Colombo
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈlɒm.bəʊ/
ipa: /kəˈlʌm.bəʊ/
topics: city
cities
region
location
ipa: /ˈkɒl.əm.bəʊ/
rhymes: -ʌmbəʊ
Etymology: From Portuguese Colombo, modification (under the influence of the Italian surname, see below) of Sinhalese කොලොන් තොට (kolon toṭa, literally “port on the river Kelani”). Other theories derive the name from Veddah; see w:Colombo § Etymology for more.
Senses: examples: text: From this height, Colombo does not look like a mess. It sleeps in shadows decorated with trees and lights.
ref: 2022, Shehan Karunatilaka, The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida, Sort Of Books, page 266:
glosses: The commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka.
Colombo
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈlɒm.bəʊ/
ipa: /kəˈlʌm.bəʊ/
topics: city
cities
region
location
ipa: /ˈkɒl.əm.bəʊ/
rhymes: -ʌmbəʊ
Etymology: From Italian Colombo, from colombo (“pigeon, dove”).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Italian.
Andreas
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Ancient Greek Ἀνδρέᾱς (Andréās), cognate with ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos, “manly”), both from ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”). Doublet of Andrew.
Senses: examples: text: Gregory led the excavations alongside marine archaeologist Andreas Kallmeyer Bloch, who is also a curator at the National Museum.
ref: 2025 May 2, Amarachi Orie, “Archaeologists discover true identity of Costa Rica shipwrecks long thought to be pirate ships”, in CNN:
glosses: A male given name from Ancient Greek from the Latin form of Andrew.
glosses: A transliteration of the Greek male given name Ανδρέας (Andréas).
glosses: A village and parish of the sheading of Ayre, Isle of Man.
Related terms: San Andreas
San Andreas fault
Jaffna
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈdʒæfnə/
/ˈdʒafnə/
Etymology: From Tamil யாழ்ப்பாணம் (yāḻppāṇam).
Senses: glosses: A city in northern Sri Lanka.
anniversary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌænɪˈvɜːs(ə)ɹi/
ipa: /ˌænɪˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/
ipa: /ˌænəˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/
Forms: form: anniversaries
Etymology: From Middle English anniversary, from Medieval Latin anniversāria (diēs), anniversārium, from anniversārius (“yearly”), from annus (“year”) + versus, past participle of vertere (“to turn”).
Senses: examples: text: Today is the fiftieth anniversary of the end of the war.
glosses: A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.
examples: text: We are celebrating our tenth anniversary today.
glosses: A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.
Such a day that commemorates a wedding.
examples: text: The occasion was the six-month anniversary of the Aug. 8 coup that brought General Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores to power.
ref: 1984 February 27, “Never Mind the Tranquil Facade”, in Time:
text: In a thinly veiled threat to Saddam Hussein, President George Bush marked the six-month anniversary of September 11th by reiterating America's commitment to prevent rogue countries obtaining weapons of mass destruction.
ref: 2002 March 14, ‘Politics this Week’, The Economist:
text: Jonathon proposed to his [Jess's] mom on their three-month anniversary of meeting and married her on their fourth.
ref: 2006, DB Schrock, Soulmonger Dot Com, page 28:
glosses: A day subsequent in time to a given event by some significant period other than a year (especially as prefixed by the amount of time in question).
Synonyms: word: yearday
word: yeartide
Hyponyms: birthday
Christmas
deathday
saint's day
year's mind
twelvemonth's mind
yearday
coronation day
jubilee
decennalia
vicennalia
tricennalia
yahrzeit
Derived terms: annish
anniversarian
anniversarily
anniversariness
anniversary clock
anniversary day
birthaversary
blogiversary
dateaversary
decaversary
diamond anniversary
friendiversary
golden anniversary
manniversary
meetaversary
mensiversary
monthiversary
monthsary
paper anniversary
platinum anniversary
ruby anniversary
silver anniversary
tin anniversary
tranniversary
veganniversary
weekiversary
wood anniversary
wooden anniversary
workiversary
aside
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Etymology: From Middle English aside, asyde, a-side, oside, from Middle English on side, from Old English on sīdan (literally “on (the) side (of)”), equivalent to a- + side. Compare beside.
Senses: examples: text: Move aside, please, so that these people can come through.
text: But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
text: […] and thou shalt set aside that which is full.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Kings 4:4:
text: The storm rush'd in, and Arcite stood aghast; / The flames were blown aside, yet shone they bright, / Fann'd by the wind, and gave a ruffled light.
ref: 1700, John Dryden, Palamon and Arcite, book 3, translation of The Knight's Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer:
text: Here was my chance. I took the old man aside, and two or three glasses of Old Crow launched him into reminiscence.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
text: An indulgent playmate, Grannie would lay aside the long scratchy-looking letter she was writing (heavily crossed ‘to save notepaper’) and enter into the delightful pastime of ‘a chicken from Mr Whiteley's’.
ref: 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part I, London: Collins, →ISBN:
glosses: To or on one side so as to be out of the way.
examples: text: joking aside
text: unusual circumstances aside
text: But musical ancestry aside, the influence to which [Justin] Bieber is most beholden is the current trends in pop music, which means Believe is loaded up with EDM [electronic dance music] accouterments, seeking a comfortable middle ground where Bieber’s impressively refined pop-R&B croon can rub up on techno blasts and garish dubstep drops (and occasionally grind on some AutoTune, not necessarily because it needs it, but because a certain amount of robo-voice is expected these days).
ref: 2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 06 Aug 2020:
text: All scandals aside, Jewish establishment donors and leaders obsessed not only with Jewish continuity but the right kind of continuity—ardently pro-Israel children of two Jewish parents—have failed on their own terms.
ref: 2019 August 7, Marissa Brostoff, Noah Kulwin, “The Right Kind of Continuity”, in Jewish Currents:
glosses: Excluded from consideration.
Derived terms: all jokes aside
all joking aside
all kidding aside
aside from
asideness
brush aside
cast aside
kidding aside
lay aside
leave aside
pull aside
pull one aside
push aside
put aside
set-aside
set aside
stand aside
step aside
sweep aside
take one aside
throw aside
turn aside
wave aside
aside
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: more aside
form: most aside
Etymology: From Middle English aside, asyde, a-side, oside, from Middle English on side, from Old English on sīdan (literally “on (the) side (of)”), equivalent to a- + side. Compare beside.
Senses: examples: text: Her figure was slight; but the cruel accident—a fall in her childhood, which had laid the foundation of her ill health—had made her a little aside, and caused a degree of lameness, which rendered it difficult for her to move without assistance.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Difficulties”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 123:
glosses: Not in perfect symmetry; distorted laterally, especially of the human body.
aside
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: asides
Etymology: From Middle English aside, asyde, a-side, oside, from Middle English on side, from Old English on sīdan (literally “on (the) side (of)”), equivalent to a- + side. Compare beside.
Senses: glosses: An incidental remark to a person next to one made discreetly but not in private, audible only to that person.
glosses: An incidental remark to a person next to one made discreetly but not in private, audible only to that person.
 (theater) A brief comment by a character addressing the audience, unheard by other characters.
A brief comment by a character addressing the audience, unheard by other characters.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
examples: text: This, then, is what we have done up to now in this book. (As I have been doing right along) may I make an aside? (An aside is a part in an old-time play or movie in which an actor steps out of character to say something to the audience of a semi-private or semi-confidential nature about the play.) I am confounded, and somewhat appalled when I read over the scholarly works referred to
ref: 2004 Ophiel, The Art and Practice of Caballa Magic, page 130
text: In addition, an analogy was only classified as significant if it appeared to be part of a serious attempt to generate or evaluate a solution, and as nonsignificant if it was simply mentioned as an aside or commentary. As an example of a nonsignificant analogy, one subject was reminded of another problem he had seen involving the deflection of piano strings of different lengths, but apparently mentioned this as an aside without the intention of applying findings back to the spring problem.
ref: 2008, John Clement, Creative Model Construction in Scientists and Students: The Role of Imagery, Analogy, and Mental Simulation, page 36:
text: As an aside, and for consideration, the great religions of the world seem to be jealously guarded, run and administered by the men-folk.
ref: 2010, Alexander Barrie, Alexander's Guide to Harmonising Gender Discordance: The Forgotten but Complementary Division Between the Masculine & the Feminine Phenomenon in Divergent Realms of Life, page 17:
glosses: A minor related mention, an afterthought.
Synonyms: sidebar
side note
Derived terms: as an aside
caninus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: canini
Senses: glosses: The caninus muscle.
bombus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Latin bombus
Senses: examples: text: […] the bombus of honey-laden bees […]
ref: 1853, Webb Loudon, The Ladies' Companion, and Monthly Magazine, page 306:
glosses: A buzzing or humming.
fridge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɪdʒ
Forms: form: fridges
form: 'fridge
form: frig
Etymology: The noun is a clipping of refrigerator, perhaps influenced by the Frigidaire brand of refrigerators, or frigerator (“(dated) refrigerator”). The spelling is likely influenced by analogy with bridge, ridge, etc. The verb is derived from the noun.
The fandom slang verb sense alludes to the phrase "women in refrigerators" coined by the American comic book writer Gail Simone. Simone was referencing a plot point in Green Lantern (volume 3, issue 54, 1994), in which the Green Lantern's girlfriend is murdered by a villain, and her body placed in a refrigerator for him to find.
Senses: examples: text: Sweet broccolini with tofu, sesame, and cilantro […] First, marinate the tofu. In a bowl, whisk the soy sauce, chile sauce, and sesame oil together. Cut the tofu into strips about ⅜ inch / 1 cm thick, mix gently (so it doesn't break) with the marinade, and leave in the fridge for half an hour.
ref: 2008, Yotam Ottolenghi, Sami Tamimi, “Vegetables, Legumes, and Grains”, in Ottolenghi: The Cookbook, New York, N.Y.: Ten Speed Press, published 2013, →ISBN:
glosses: A refrigerator.
Derived terms: beer fridge
car fridge
fridge-freezer
fridgeful
fridge horror
fridgeless
fridgelike
fridge logic
fridge magnet
microfridge
minifridge
nuke the fridge
poor man's fridge
shut the fridge
upside down fridge
Related terms: 'frigerator
frigerator
refrig
fridge
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɪdʒ
Forms: form: fridges
form: fridging
form: fridged
form: fridged
Etymology: Probably imitative of the sound of chafing or rubbing.
Senses: examples: text: A Man's body and his mind, with the utmoſt reverence to both I ſpeak it, are exactly like a jerkin, and a jerkin's lining;—rumple the one—you rumple the other. There is one certain exception however in this caſe, and that is, when you are ſo fortunate a fellow, as to have had your jerkin made of a gum-taffeta, and the body-lining to it, of a ſarcenet or thin perſian. […] [Y]ou might have rumpled and crumpled, and doubled and creaſed, and fretted and fridged the outſides of them all to pieces;—in ſhort, you might have played the very devil with them, and at the ſame time, not one of the inſides of 'em would have been one button the worſe, for all you had done to them.
ref: 1761, [Laurence Sterne], chapter IV, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume III, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, pages 13–15:
text: The town spread upwards before them, smoking vaguely in the midday glare, fridging the crest away to the south with spires and factory bulks and chimneys.
ref: 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “The Early Married Life of the Morels”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 20:
glosses: To chafe or rub (something).
glosses: To chafe or rub.
glosses: Synonym of fidge (“to jostle or shake; to fidget, to fig, to frig”).
synonyms: word: fidge
extra: to jostle or shake; to fidget, to fig, to frig
preacher
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹit͡ʃɚ/
ipa: /ˈpɹiːt͡ʃə/
rhymes: -iːtʃə(ɹ)
Forms: form: preachers
Etymology: From Middle English precher, prechere; partly equivalent to preach + -er, and partly continuing Middle English prechour, prechiour, from Old French preecheor (French prêcheur), from Latin praedicator (“public praiser, proclaimer”). See preach.
Displaced native Old English bydel.
Senses: examples: text: The born preacher we feel instinctively to be our foe. He may do some good to the wretches that have been struck down and lie gasping on the battlefield: he rouses antagonism in the strong.
ref: 1859, George Meredith, chapter 10, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:
hypernyms: cleric
glosses: Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel and especially a clergyman or clergywoman. In a religious context, usually used only to refer to Protestant Christian clergy.
Hyponyms: evangelist
proselytizer
Derived terms: lay preacher
local preacher
preacher bench
preacher bird
preacher curl
preacheress
arithmetic series
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: arithmetic series
Senses: topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
glosses: The sum of the terms in an arithmetic progression.
Related terms: geometric series
geometric series
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: geometric series
Senses: topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
coordinate_terms: arithmetic series
harmonic series
glosses: Any infinite series whose terms are in geometric progression; any series of the form a+ar+ar²+ar³⋯=a∑ᵢ₌₀ ᪲rⁱ, where a≠0, r≠0, and r≠1.
Related terms: geometric progression
d'
Language: English
Part of speech: article
Etymology: Contraction of the article da ("the").
Senses: synonyms: da
glosses: Pronunciation spelling of the, representing dialectal English.
d'
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: Reduction.
Senses: examples: text: D'you wanna go?
glosses: Contraction of do (only before "you" or "ye").
examples: text: Where'd she put 'em? D'you eat 'em yet?
glosses: Contraction of did (only before "you" or "ye").
Related terms: english: different etymology
translation: different etymology
word: maitre d'
ranges
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹeɪnd͡ʒɪz/
rhymes: -eɪndʒɪz
Senses: glosses: plural of range
ranges
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹeɪnd͡ʒɪz/
rhymes: -eɪndʒɪz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of range
fotograf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fotografs
Senses: examples: text: ILLUSTRATED / With Fotografs / By J. Doody, the Sourdough Fotografer
ref: 1916, “Platinum Bill” [pseudonym; Wilfrid Robert Smith], Under the Northern Lights, Portland, Ore.: The Columbia Printing Co., title page:
glosses: Eye dialect spelling of photograph.
photographer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈtɒɡ.ɹə.fə/
ipa: /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/
note: Indic, without stress shift from photograph
ipa: /pʰoʈoɡɾæpʰə(ɾ)/
Forms: form: photographers
Etymology: From photograph + -er, from Ancient Greek φωτός (phōtós), genitive singular of φῶς (phôs, “light”) (fōs) and γράφω (gráphō, “I write”). By surface analysis, photograph + er.
Senses: examples: text: Award-winning Sydney photographer Stephen Dupont’s latest exhibition focuses on change and detribalisation in Papua New Guinea .
ref: 2015 July 3, “The Outside Land”, in The Guardian:
text: Multiple photographers worried privately in conversations with Axios that the images from the rally could turn into a kind of "photoganda," with the Trump campaign using them to further their agenda despite the photographers' intent of capturing a news event.
ref: 2024 July 15, Aïda Amer, “How photographers view the photos of Trump's assassination attempt”, in Axios:
topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: One who takes photographs, typically as an occupation.
Synonyms: word: lensman
word: lenswoman
word: photog
word: tog
word: photographist
Derived terms: artographer
astrophotographer
cinemaphotographer
cinephotographer
microphotographer
nonphotographer
photographeress
photographette
rephotographer
telephotographer
thoughtographer
video photographer
how much
Language: English
Part of speech: det
Forms: form: hm
Senses: examples: text: How much (cheese) is left in the fridge? - This is how much we've got left.
text: How much of a problem will that cause the government?
glosses: What amount or quantity (of something stated or implied).
examples: text: How much do you want for it?
text: How much is it?
text: How much is it worth?
qualifier: when referring to the cost of an item
glosses: What amount of money.
how much
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: hm
Senses: examples: text: How much do you like me?
text: It's a real bargain, considering both its price and how much in need of one we are.
glosses: To what degree; to what extent.
how much
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Forms: form: hm
Senses: glosses: you what? huh?
pes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /peɪ̯s/
rhymes: -eɪs
homophone: pace
Forms: form: pedes
Etymology: From Latin pēs (“foot”). Doublet of foot, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.
Senses: glosses: the foot of a human
glosses: the hoof of a quadruped
glosses: clubfoot or talipes
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: a neume representing two notes ascending
Synonyms: sense: neume
word: podatus
white wine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: white wines
Etymology: From Middle English white wyn, whit win.
Senses: examples: text: In contrast to making red wine, the juice for white wine is fermented without the skins and seeds.
ref: 2005, Barbara Nowak, Beverly Wichman, The Everything Wine Book:
glosses: Light-colored wine (usually yellow with a hint of green but not pink).
examples: text: Jack Randall then impatient rose, / And said, ‘Tom's speech were just as fine / If he would call that first of goes / By that genteeler name—white wine.'
ref: 1820, Thomas Moore, W. Simpkin, R. Marshall, Jack Randall's Diary of Proceedings at the House of Call for Genius:
glosses: Gin.
Coordinate terms: orange wine
red wine
rosé wine
Related terms: Riesling
Chardonnay
red wine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: red wines
Etymology: From Middle English rede wyn, red wyn.
Senses: hypernyms: wine
<
beverage
coordinate_terms: orange wine
rosé wine
white wine
;
vinho verde
glosses: Red-coloured wine made mostly from black grapes, including the skin.
Derived terms: red wine headache
red wine vinegar
Related terms: vinaceous
vinous
wine-blue
wine-dark
wino
winy
autobiography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/
rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi
Forms: form: autobiographies
Etymology: From auto- + biography.
Senses: examples: text: Autobiography […] inevitably consists mainly of extinctions of the truth, shirkings of the truth, partial revealments of the truth, with hardly an instance of plain straight truth […]
ref: 1904, Mark Twain, “To W. D. Howells, in New York: Villa di Quarto, Florence, March 14, ’04”, in Albert Bigelow Paine, editor, Mark Twain's Letters, volume 2, published 1917, page 751:
text: Here I was interrupted, as I'm so often interrupted when giving my views on the Yeoman's Wedding Song, by her saying that she was dying to hear all about it but would rather wait till she could get it in my autobiography.
ref: 1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter XI:
glosses: A self-written biography; the story of one's own life.
glosses: Biographies of this kind regarded as a literary genre.
Synonyms: memoir
life story
Hypernyms: biography
Derived terms: autobiografiction
autobiografictional
autobiographical
autobiographically
autobiographism
autofiction
pseudo-autobiography
Related terms: biography
biography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /baɪˈɒɡɹəfi/
ipa: /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/
rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi
Forms: form: biographies
Etymology: From New Latin biographia, formed from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”) + γράφω (gráphō, “write”).
Senses: examples: text: There are many biographies of Benjamin Franklin.
glosses: A person's life story, especially one published.
glosses: The art of writing this kind of story.
Derived terms: antibiography
autobiography
biographee
biographette
biographize
biomythography
blogography
heterobiography
minibiography
osteobiography
photobiography
psychobiography
Related terms: biographer
biographical
biographism
hagiography
pathography
biography
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /baɪˈɒɡɹəfi/
ipa: /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/
rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi
Forms: form: biographies
form: biographying
form: biographied
form: biographied
Etymology: From New Latin biographia, formed from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”) + γράφω (gráphō, “write”).
Senses: glosses: To write a biography of.
pal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pæl/
rhymes: -æl
homophone: pow (some accents)
Forms: form: pals
Etymology: PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
Borrowed from Angloromani pal (“brother, friend”), from Romani phral (“brother”), from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ, “brother”). Doublet of bhai, brother, bru, frater, friar, and vai.
Senses: examples: text: Little Timmy's out playing with his pals.
text: "Mob job. The Mafia has a sample of the drug for the first time, thanks to me and my pal Ng. Until now, it always self-destructed before they could get to it. So I guess they're analyzing it or something. Trying to make an antidote, maybe."
ref: 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 233:
glosses: A friend, buddy, mate, cobber; someone to hang around with.
examples: text: Don't you threaten me, pal – I'll report you to the police.
glosses: An informal term of address, often used ironically in a hostile way.
Derived terms: anipal
cyberpal
e-pal
galpal
keypal
pal around
Palentine's Day
palimony
pally
pals battalion
palship
palsy
pal up
PayPal
pen pal
sex pal
pal
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pæl/
rhymes: -æl
homophone: pow (some accents)
Forms: form: pals
form: palling
form: palled
form: palled
Etymology: PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
Borrowed from Angloromani pal (“brother, friend”), from Romani phral (“brother”), from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ, “brother”). Doublet of bhai, brother, bru, frater, friar, and vai.
Senses: examples: text: As an adult, she moved to New York and palled with trip-hop artist Tricky, who signed her to his own label.
ref: 2012 November 26, Evan Schlansky, “Song Premiere: Ife Sanchez Mora, Hopeful Heart”, in American Songwriter:
text: There were pictures of Garcia flashing diamond mouth grills. Spewing out a Vesuvius-amount of smoke. Showing off a riot of body tattoos. Aiming guns. Palling with superstars like Lil Wayne and Chris Brown. […]
ref: 2017 August 21, Kyle Swenson, “The rise and fall of Miami’s ‘CEO of Purple Drank’”, in The Washington Post:
text: In the trial, they showed photographs and videos of Unsworth being congratulated by the UK prime minister, palling with Thai government officials, and smiling while Prince William pinned him with an MBE, an appointment to the Order of the British Empire.
ref: 2020 January 30, Ryan Mac, “How Tesla CEO Elon Musk Won His "Pedo Guy" Trial”, in BuzzFeed News:
text: Greco also palled with Stone’s friend “Manhattan Madam” Kristin Davis, who was convicted of prostitution-related activities and selling prescription drugs.
ref: 2022 March 4, Graham Rayman, “Roger Stone said he never saw NYPD cop bodyguard with a gun or shield — video shows otherwise”, in New York Daily News:
glosses: Synonym of pal around.
synonyms: word: pal around
Related terms: palsy-walsy
pal up
pal care
pal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pæl/
rhymes: -æl
homophone: pow (some accents)
Forms: form: pals
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of paul (“kind of tent”).
Dervish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈdɜː(ɹ)vɪʃ/
Forms: form: Dervishes
Etymology: From Turkish derviş, from Persian درویش (darviš).
Senses: glosses: A member of a Sufi Muslim ascetic fraternity of mendicant friars.
glosses: A citizen or inhabitant of Darawiish (circa 1895–1920 C.E.), the Dhulbahante anti-colonial polity geographically corresponding with Khaatumo.
Derived terms: Whirling Dervishes
how many
Language: English
Part of speech: det
Etymology: From Old English hū maniġ.
Derived terms: how many stops until
how manyth
how many
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Etymology: From Old English hū maniġ.
Senses: examples: text: We've lost quite a few; I don't know exactly how many.
text: And I saw how many were destroying the simplicity, and betraying the truth.
ref: 1800, George Fox, A Journal Or Historical Account of the Life, Travels, Sufferings, Christian Exsperiences, and Labour of Love, in the work of the Ministry:
text: Biff then stated, “Take how many you want, they're $700 a piece."
ref: 2004, John P. Sutton, Thin White Lines, page 233:
text: I'll phone later and confirm how many I want.
ref: 2012, Charlie Gardner, Rotten Timbers, →ISBN, page 143:
text: The sticks are now going around, and take how many you want.
ref: 2016, L. James Dempsey, Blackfoot War Art: Pictographs of the Reservation Period, 1880–2000:
glosses: unspecified number
examples: text: How many of you have full-time jobs?
text: I've invited three hundred people to my wedding. — You've invited how many?
text: The message itself is neither difficult nor simple, but how many will realize this?
ref: 2000, Glen C. Cutlip, How to Overcome Death: The Final Victory, →ISBN, page 61:
text: You know how many are in one group and how many are in another group.
ref: 2005, David B. Spangler, Math for Real Kids, →ISBN:
text: How many will say I want to be a good example for my children?
ref: 2010, Michael A. Curtis, Notes from My Journey, →ISBN, page 39:
text: How many people Earth can support depends in part on how many will wear cotton and how many polyester; on how many will eat meat and how many bean sprouts; on how many will want parks and how many will want parking lots.
ref: 2011, Ian Angus, Simon Butler, Too Many People?, →ISBN:
glosses: what number
Derived terms: who-knows-how-many
actual occasions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Coined by Alfred North Whitehead.
Senses: examples: "Actual entities--also termed Actual Occasions--are the final real things of which the world is made up. There is no going behind actual entities to find anything more real. ...The final facts are, all alike, actual entities; and these actual entities are drops of experience, complex and interdependent." Whitehead, A.N., Process and Reality: an essay in Cosmology, ed. by Griffin, D. and Sherburne, D., New York: The Free Press, 1978.
glosses: The final real things in the universe, that are "experiential" in nature rather than strictly material. The most basic thing or construct in the universe. Some Whitehead scholars would hold that trillions of Actual Occasions compose one quark. Actual occasions make up everything, even empty space
wikipedia: Alfred North Whitehead
wrapping paper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wrapping papers
Senses: examples: text: Difficulties are arising from the use of wrapping paper from which the old addresses have not been removed. Clearly addressed labels will help the Railways to deliver your parcels quickly.
ref: 1940 December, “ADDRESS IT CLEARLY”, in Railway Magazine, page iv, advertisement by the British Railways:
synonyms: paper
glosses: Paper used for wrapping parcels (in this case, often brown) or presents (in this case, often colourful/colorful and decorative).
Related terms: kraft paper
circumcision
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɜː(ɹ)kəmˈsɪʒən/
rhymes: -ɪʒən
Forms: form: circumcisions
Etymology: From Latin circumcīsiō(n), from circumcīdō (“cut around”), from circum (“about, around; through”) + caedō (“cut, hew”).
Senses: examples: text: So ſay I , did the Covenant of circumciſion, in that he that was circumciſed was bound to keep the whole Law Gal 5. 3.
ref: 1697, Benjamin Keach, A Counter-Antidote to Purge Out the Effects of a Late Counterfeit, page 7:
glosses: The surgical excision of the foreskin and usually all or most of the penile frenulum.
glosses: The surgical excision of the foreskin and usually all or most of the penile frenulum.
Pharisaic circumcision.
examples: text: The ancient Egyptians practiced circumcision by creating a dorsal incision in the foreskin.
glosses: The surgical excision of the foreskin and usually all or most of the penile frenulum.
Other surgeries involving the incision or partial excision of the foreskin or penile frenulum without total posthetomy.
glosses: The surgical excision of the clitoral hood of the clitoris; female circumcision.
glosses: The surgical excision of the clitoris; clitoridectomy.
Synonyms: circ
male circumcision
posthectomy
posthetomy
Derived terms: anticircumcision
autocircumcision
circumcisional
circumcisionism
circumcisionist
circumfetishism
circumfetishist
female circumcision
male circumcision
pharaonic circumcision
postcircumcision
post-circumcision
recircumcision
self-circumcision
uncircumcision
Related terms: circumcise
circumsection
Yankee ingenuity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Referring to colonial and frontier living in the early United States.
Senses: glosses: Improvisational design or problem-solving, dealing with low availability of replacement parts and materials.
Mozarabic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /məʊˈzæɹəbɪk/
ipa: /moʊˈzæɹəbɪk/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /moʊˈzɛɹəbɪk/
Etymology: From Mozarab + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to the Mozarabs or their culture.
Mozarabic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /məʊˈzæɹəbɪk/
ipa: /moʊˈzæɹəbɪk/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /moʊˈzɛɹəbɪk/
Etymology: From Mozarab + -ic.
Senses: glosses: A continuum of closely related Romance dialects spoken in Muslim-dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of the development of the Romance language in Iberia.
Related terms: Arabic
Mozarab
Mozarab
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /məʊˈzæɹəb/
ipa: /moʊˈzæɹəb/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /moʊˈzɛɹəb/
Forms: form: Mozarabs
Etymology: From Spanish mozárabe, from Arabic مُسْتَعْرِب (mustaʕrib).
Senses: examples: text: The Mozarabs were bilingual in Romance and Arabic and lived along the border area (north of the border to be precise) between Christian Iberia and Al-Andalus. This particular community sought to remain bilingual because it derived its identity from being both Arab-like and Christian.
ref: 2011, Yasmine Beale-Rivaya, American Speech, vol. 86, no. 4, Maintaining a Language of Culture: Outcomes of Medieval Iberian Shift as a Predictor for Spanish in the American Southwest, p. 417
glosses: An Iberian Christian living under Arab domination.
Related terms: Mozarabic
Arab
muwallad
gap year
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gap years
Senses: glosses: A yearlong break from study taken by some students on leaving school before starting university, often spent gaining work experience or travelling.
Derived terms: gap yah
Related terms: sabbatical
apoapsis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: apoapsides
form: apoapsises
form: apoapses
form: apapsis
Etymology: From apo- + apsis.
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: The point of a body's elliptical orbit about the system's centre of mass where the distance between the body and the centre of mass is at its maximum.
Synonyms: apocenter
apoapse
Related terms: apastron
aphelion
apoareion
apocenter
apocynthion
apocytherion
apogalacticon
apogee
apohermion
apojove
apokrone
apokron
apolune
aponigricon
aposaturnium
aposelene
periapsis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: periapsides
form: periapsises
form: periapses
Etymology: From peri- + apsis.
Senses: examples: text: 1983, Richard O. Fimmel, Laurence Colin, Eric Burgess, Pioneer Venus, NASA SP-461, page 109,
Figure 5-19. Sun-Venus-Orbiter geometry illustrates how the periapsis moves around the planet during the Venusian sidereal year to sample day and night hemispheres. Because the planet rotates in a retrograde direction, it takes more than one Venusian sidereal year for periapsis to move over all longitudes of the planet (as explained in text).
text: We don't always want to burn near periapsis. Suppose we want to change the height at periapsis. The most efficient place to change the radius of periapsis is at apoapsis. Consider applying #92;Deltav at some other point in the orbit. In this case both periapsis and apoapsis will change. If we apply the #92;Deltav tangentially at apoapsis, all of the #92;Deltav will go into changing periapsis, and vice versa.
ref: 2001, D. A. Vallado, Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications, Springer, page 325:
text: 2004, R. S. Saunders, et al., Mars Odyssey Mission, C. T. Russell (editor), 2001 Mars Odyssey, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 34,
The main aerobraking phase began once the point of the spacecraft's periapsis had been lowered to within 110 km above the Martian surface.
topics: astronomy
astrophysics
natural-sciences
glosses: The point of a body's (elliptical) orbit in a 2-body gravitational system such that the distance between the two bodies (measured from their respective centres of mass) is at its minimum.
glosses: The minimum distance between the two bodies in such a system.
Synonyms: pericenter
periapse
Hypernyms: apsis
Derived terms: argument of periapsis
longitude of periapsis
Related terms: periareion
periastron
peribothron
pericenter
pericentre
pericynthion
perigalacticon
perigee
perihelion
perihermion
perijove
perikrone
perikron
perilune
perimelasma
perinigricon
periposeidon
perisaturnium
periselene
jharal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /d͡ʒɑˈɹəɫ/
Forms: form: jharals
Etymology: From Nepali झारल (jhāral).
Senses: glosses: The Himalayan tahr, Hemitragus jemlahicus ( <= Capra jemlaica).
Synonyms: common tahr
chest of drawers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chests of drawers
Senses: glosses: A piece of furniture which has multiple parallel, horizontal drawers stacked one above the other, used mainly for the storage of clean clothes.
Synonyms: word: bureau
word: dresser
Related terms: armoire
cabinet
dresser
lowboy
tallboy