cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
sosiska
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sosiski
Etymology: From Russian соси́ска (sosíska), from French saucisse (“sausage (hot dog style)”) (whence English saucisse) + Russian -ка (-ka, diminutive suffix), from Old French saucice (whence English sausage).
Senses: examples: text: It took her only 15 minutes to reach the counter to get her sosiski.
ref: 1963, New York Times Saturday Book Review Supplement, volume 68, page 46:
text: His train of thought having been broken for the moment, he felt the pangs of hunger and stuffed some of the black bread and sosiska he carried in his knapsack into his mouth.
ref: 1977, Maria Rasputin, Patte Barham, chapter 4, in Rasputin: The Man Behind the Myth: A Personal Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Warner Books, published June 1978, →ISBN, page 51:
text: Sosiski were Mom’s favorite food. I was hooked on them too, though Mom claims that the sosiski of my childhood couldn’t hold a candle to the juicy Stalinist article.
ref: 2013, Anya von Bremzen, Mastering the Art of Soviet Cooking: A Memoir of Food and Longing, New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, →ISBN, page 14:
glosses: A small sausage made from a mixture of ground meats, spices, and sometimes other ingredients like breadcrumbs or grains.
Payneham
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Payne + -ham.
Senses: glosses: An eastern suburb of Adelaide in the City of Norwood Payneham and St Peters, South Australia, named by settler Samuel Payne after himself.
St Peters
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A suburb of Sydney in Inner West council area, New South Wales, Australia.
glosses: A suburb of Adelaide in the City of Norwood Payneham and St Peters, South Australia.
corn cheese
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɔːn t͡ʃiːz/
ipa: /kɔɹn t͡ʃiz/
Etymology: Calque of Korean 콘치즈 (konchijeu), itself a pseudo-anglicism from English corn + cheese.
Senses: glosses: A South Korean dish made of sweet corn (often canned) and mozzarella cheese.
laudemium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: laudemiums
form: laudimium
Etymology: From Late Latin laudemium.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: Payment made to the lessor of an emphyteusis when the property is sold or gifted to a new lessee.
Grinsell
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname.
Rumina
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Named after the Roman goddess of nursing mothers, Rumīna.
Senses: qualifier: Astronomy
glosses: A trans-Neptunian object orbiting in the scattered disc.
cramp ball
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cramp balls
Etymology: From cramp + ball. First use appears c. 1904 in the publication South Eastern Naturalist.
Senses: topics: biology
mycology
natural-sciences
glosses: Annulohypoxylon.
topics: biology
mycology
natural-sciences
glosses: Daldinia concentrica.
topics: biology
mycology
natural-sciences
glosses: Hypoxylon.
cramp balls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cramp ball
ten-cent words
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ten-cent word
Belize dollar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Belize dollars
Senses: topics: banking
business
glosses: The official currency in Belize; of currency code BZD.
Belize dollars
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Belize dollar
Tallamy
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname.
two-dollar word
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: two-dollar words
Senses: glosses: Synonym of ten-dollar word.
synonyms: word: ten-dollar word
two-dollar words
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of two-dollar word
Tsirelson
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname from Russian.
Derived terms: Tsirelson bound
RLAIF
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Coined by American artificial intelligence company Anthropic in 2022.
Senses: examples: text: Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effective in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, gathering high-quality human preference labels can be a time-consuming and expensive endeavor. RL from AI Feedback (RLAIF), introduced by Bai et al., offers a promising alternative that leverages a powerful off-the-shelf LLM to generate preferences in lieu of human annotators.
ref: 2023, “RLAIF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI Feedback”, in Arxiv:
text: a prime hurdle lies in gathering high-quality human preference labels. This is where reinforcement learning from human feedback with AI feedback (RLAIF) comes into the picture, a novel framework by Google Research to train models with reduced reliance on human intervention.
ref: 2023 October 6, Tasmia Ansari, “Reinforcement Learning Craves Less Human, More AI”, in Analytics India Magazine:
qualifier: machine learning
glosses: Initialism of reinforcement learning from AI feedback.
Related terms: RLHF
reinforcement learning
Elnaugh
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname.
traditional right
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: traditional rights
Senses: topics: law
glosses: A subsistence privilege or right, which is owned legally or by custom by an indigenous community or village.
examples: text: Having paved the way for viewing the state provision of welfare in terms of providing for people's basic needs, Raymond Plant still faced one difficult opponent: Maurice Cranston, who maintained that there is a crucial difference of nature between traditional rights and social ones.
ref: 2016, João Carlos Espada, The Anglo-American Tradition of Liberty: A view from Europe, page 43:
topics: law
glosses: A right that is established by custom or tradition, as opposed to one established by law or a sense of social justice.
traditional rights
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of traditional right
land torpedo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: land torpedos
form: land torpedoes
Senses: glosses: Synonym of land mine.
synonyms: word: land mine
land torpedos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of land torpedo
land torpedoes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of land torpedo
Mayaimi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami.
synonyms: word: Miami
Maimi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami.
synonyms: word: Miami
Derived terms: Maimi River
Mayimi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami.
synonyms: word: Miami
Maymi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami.
synonyms: word: Miami
Mayaimi River
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Mayaimi River
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami River.
synonyms: word: Miami River
Maimi River
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Maimi River
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami River.
synonyms: word: Miami River
Mayimi River
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Mayimi River
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami River.
synonyms: word: Miami River
Maymi River
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Maymi River
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Miami River.
synonyms: word: Miami River
probosces
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of proboscis
tsDNA
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tsDNAs
Senses: glosses: Triple-stranded DNA.
triple-stranded
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Having three strands.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: That have three helical strands of nucleic acid that wind around each other and are connected by hydrogen bonds.
tsDNAs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tsDNA
siDNAs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of siDNA
lands the plane
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of land the plane
landing the plane
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle of land the plane
landed the plane
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of land the plane
NTRing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of NTR
NTRed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of NTR
groupleader
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: groupleaders
Senses: glosses: Uncommon spelling of group leader.
groupleaders
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of groupleader
hog pox
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Synonym of swinepox.
synonyms: word: swinepox
hog-rabbit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Cuniculus paca.
hog-rat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The hutia.
hog rifle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hog rifles
Senses: glosses: A type of long-barrelled hunting rifle.
hog rifles
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hog rifle
hog's garlic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Ramsons, of species Allium ursinum.
water chinquapin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water chinquapins
Etymology: From water + chinquapin. The seeds are used for food like the nuts of the chinquapin.
Senses: examples: text: The woman is next instructed to gather ceremonially the roots of the water chinquapin (Nelumbo lutea) for food for her little ones.
ref: 1925, Francis La Flesche, The Osage Tribe: the Rite of Vigil, Washington: USGPO, page 195:
glosses: An American lotus (Nelumbo lutea), an aquatic plant found from Minnesota and Oklahoma to islands if the Caribbean.
glosses: The edible seed of this plant.
hog's face
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Synonym of hog-face.
synonyms: word: hog-face
water chinquapins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of water chinquapin
on the hog train
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Etymology: First appears c. 1893 in the publication Railroad Trainmen's Journal.
Senses: synonyms: on the hog
glosses: Leading a life or an existence as a tramp or a vagrant, or traveling as such.
on the hog
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Senses: glosses: Synonym of on the hog train.
synonyms: word: on the hog train
society garlic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: society garlics
Senses: glosses: A plant of species Tulbaghia violacea.
society garlics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of society garlic
garlic crusher
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: garlic crushers
Senses: glosses: Synonym of garlic press.
synonyms: word: garlic press
garlic crushers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of garlic crusher
garlic sausage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: garlic sausages
Senses: topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: A type of meat sausage prepared using garlic as a primary ingredient.
garlic sausages
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of garlic sausage
long-barrelled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From long + barrelled.
Senses: glosses: Manyfold, having multiple purposes or natures.
glosses: (of name) Having several separate parts, often adjoined by several lines, or sometimes spaces.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see long, barrelled. Having a long barrel, as a gun.
Related terms: double-barrelled
triple-barrelled
nosognosia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From the Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, “disease”) and γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”).
Senses: examples: text: In addition to the nosognosia task, our participants also completed a lexical decision analogue of this task. All parameters were as for the nosognosia task, except that i) non-target trials involved the presentation of two (different) non-words and target trials involved the presentation of a non-word alongside a real word; ii) the target stimuli (real words) were not split into two categories (cf. the nosognosia task where target stimuli were either harmless or harmful illnesses); and iii) stimuli always consisted of four letters, whereas in the nosognosia task they varied between four and seven letters.
ref: 2014 May 21, Ryan McKay, Andreas Buchmann, Nicole Germann, Shancong Yu, Peter Brugger, “Unrealistic optimism and ‘nosognosia’: Illness recognition in the healthy brain”, in Cortex, volume 61, →DOI, page 143:
text: Table 3. Empirical partial correlation matrix of variables within the Memory domain. PER = Personal information recall; TSFR = time and space free recall; NOS = nosognosia; […] PER TSFR NOS […] Appendix 2: […] Orientation. The task assesses access to personal information (semantic autobiographic knowledge), orientation in time and space and awareness of deficits (nosognosia).
ref: 2014 November 8, M. Sofia Massa, Naxian Wang, Wa-Ling Bickerton, Nele Demeyere, M. Jane Riddoch, Glyn W. Humphreys, “On the importance of cognitive profiling: A graphical modelling analysis of domain-specific and domain-general deficits after stroke”, in Cortex, volume 71, →DOI, page 195:
text: This study unveils the evolution of nosognosia on the AD spectrum, from hypernosognosia presented in CTRL, SMC and E-MCI, to the mild domain-specific anosognosia presented in L-MCI and finally, the more severe global anosognosia in AD patients.
ref: 2019 January 7, Maxime Montembeault, Simona M. Brambati, “Differential patterns of domain-specific nosognosia across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum.”, in Alzheimer’s & Dementia, volume 15, number 7, →DOI, page P795:
antonyms: anosognosia
glosses: The ability of a person to recognize his or her own medical disorder.
Derived terms: hypernosognosia
nosognosic
social supermarket
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: social supermarkets
Senses: examples: text: In February, a report by the London Assembly Environment Committee found that just 34% of food waste was recycled, yet food bank usage has reached record highs. Charities are aiming to bridge that gap with a range of social supermarkets, community cafés and sustainability projects.
ref: 2015 May 20, BethPH, “'Social Supermarkets' Get City Hall Funding Boost”, in Londonist, archived from the original on 25 Apr 2024:
text: "In our social supermarket, The Apex Food Club, we are asking members to pay £5 membership on a weekly basis. For that they will receive £25 worth of food."
ref: 2018 January 19, “Northern Ireland's first 'social supermarkets' to open”, in BBC, archived from the original on 25 Apr 2024:
text: A social supermarket and pawn shops in Norfolk and Suffolk say they are seeing more people walk through their doors. Those using and running the sites have spoken to the BBC about the reality of living through the crisis.
ref: 2022 May 24, “Norfolk and Suffolk residents turn to social shops and pawnbrokers”, in BBC, archived from the original on 25 Apr 2024:
text: The "social supermarket" is a progressive model already active in many European countries, with a recent surge in the U.K., presenting improved access to affordable food in a retail-like environment. These social supermarket examples usually restrict access with eligibility criteria and rely on surplus food supply.
ref: 2024 January 29, “Praise for Australian 'social supermarket' model”, in Phys.org, archived from the original on 25 Apr 2024:
text: South Auckland residents will see the doors open at the first social supermarket in the area, which was opened with the help of Foodstuffs North Island and Māngere Budgeting Services Trust.
ref: 2024 April 11, Whakaata Māori, “South Auckland’s first social supermarket opens in Māngere”, in The New Zealand Herald, archived from the original on 25 Apr 2024:
glosses: A supermarket created to offer groceries at minimal or occasionally zero expense for families facing financial problems.
social supermarkets
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of social supermarket
Hede
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A settlement in Härjedalen municipality, Jämtland county, Sweden.
lentil weaving
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of lentil-weaving.
yoghurt knitting
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of yoghurt-knitting.
yogurt knitting
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of yoghurt-knitting.
yogurt-knitting
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of yoghurt-knitting.
crusher gage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: crusher gages
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of crusher gauge.
crusher gages
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of crusher gage
sandwich time
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sandwich times
Senses: examples: text: The first was that I said my daily mantra, "A writer writes," and reinforced my writing time with steel girders. No more wimpy sandwich time.
ref: 2009, Julie Reinhardt, She-Smoke:
glosses: Time that is allotted or allocated between other obligations or activities.
examples: text: When it's sandwich time, don't forget about whole-grain pita bread.
ref: 2005, Jody Whipple, Jorj Morgan, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Good Fat, Good Carb Meals:
text: Autumn is sandwich time!
ref: 2018, Julia Shannahan, 30-Minute Autumn:
text: I'm not actually sure what time of day it is, whether it should be sandwich time or breakfast time.
ref: 2020, Lainey Davis, The Planner and the Player:
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see sandwich, time.
estimated time of arrival
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: estimated times of arrival
Senses: synonyms: ETA
hypernyms: time of arrival
arrival time
<
time#Noun
glosses: The time when something (e.g., a ship, vehicle, aircraft, cargo, person, or emergency service) is expected to arrive at a certain place.
Related terms: estimated time of departure
estimated time of restoration
estimated times of arrival
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of estimated time of arrival
fade time
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fade times
Senses: topics: broadcasting
film
media
television
glosses: The amount of time for a scene to fade to dark after lighting up.
examples: text: The annual fade time is three times that occurring in a heavy fading month when the climate is average.
ref: 2006, Roger L. Freeman, Radio System Design for Telecommunications, page 31:
text: The fractional fade time (also called the probability of fade) describes the percentage of time the irradiance of the received wave is below some given threshold value.
ref: 2014, Arun K. Majumdar, Advanced Free Space Optics (FSO): A Systems Approach:
text: The mean fade time decreases with increasing elevation and fade threshold.
ref: 2016, Murat Uysal, Carlo Capsoni, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Optical Wireless Communications: An Emerging Technology, page 95:
text: Figure 4.12 of [8] shows that on the same path from which the data in Fig. 4.11 of [8] was derived, for fade depth deeper than about 20 dB, the fade time decreases by a factor of about 10 for a 10 dB increase in fade depth.
ref: 2021, Douglas H Morais, 5G and Beyond Wireless Transport Technologies, page 62:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
signal-processing
glosses: The time during which a wireless signal is too faint to be accurately received.
examples: text: Omitting this parameter invokes a default fade time, which is 1,000 milliseconds.
ref: 2015, Michelle M. Fernandez, Corona SDK Mobile Game Development, page 183:
text: The time is used to assign a fade time to a cue.
ref: 2019, J. Michael Gillette, Michael McNamara, Designing with Light: An Introduction to Stage Lighting:
text: If the fade time is set to ten seconds, then they will fade up their intensity over a ten second crossfade. Changing the fade time of the cue will adjust the fade time for all parameters stored within that cue.
ref: 2021, Brad Schiller, The Automated Lighting Programmer's Handbook:
qualifier: light engineering; sound engineering; light engineering; sound engineering
glosses: The amount of time for light or sound from a specified source to fade in from nothingness to the maximum that one is using, or to fade out from the maximum to nothingness.
fade times
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of fade time
forecast lead time
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: forecast lead times
Senses: topics: business
marketing
glosses: The forecasted number of days between the moment of ordering a product from a source or vendor and the moment from when it is available for sale.
forecast lead times
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of forecast lead time
sandwich times
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sandwich time
time-space
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: sciences
glosses: The concepts of time and space considered as a single entity.
glosses: Alternative form of spacetime.
time clause
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: time clauses
form: time-clause
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: An adverbial clause indicating an event that will occur at a certain time.
topics: business
law
glosses: A clause expressing or indicating information regarding time.
time clauses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of time clause
time-clause
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: time-clauses
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of time clause.
time-clauses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of time-clause
kotleti
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kotlety
Etymology: From Russian котле́ты (kotléty).
Senses: glosses: plural of kotleta
ponchiki
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Russian по́нчики (pónčiki).
Senses: glosses: plural of ponchik
takiye
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: takiyes
Senses: glosses: Archaic form of takya.
takiya
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: takiyas
Senses: glosses: Archaic form of takya.
tekiye
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tekiyes
Senses: glosses: Archaic form of takya.
orthomitosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From ortho- + mitosis.
Senses: examples: text: The first is that division at any phase of the life eyele should be by this or that method (e.g., orthomitosis) and according to methods which have been studied in detail in the Metazoa.
ref: 1968, David Weinman, Miodrag Ristic, editors, Infectious Blood Diseases of Man and Animals, page 369:
text: Golgi bodies and mitochondria with tubular cristae are present, but not plastids; the nuclei show open orthomitosis during binary fission.
ref: 1991 October 3, Michael A. Sleigh, Protozoa and Other Protists, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 139:
text: In both closed intranuclear pleuromitosis and orthomitosis, the spindle remains entirely within the nucleus, though its positioning is different.
ref: 2010 December 7, Bernd Schierwater, Rob Desalle, editors, Key Transitions in Animal Evolution, CRC Press, page 12:
topics: biology
cytology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A form of mitosis characterized by an axial, central, symmetric, and bipolar spindle.
Related terms: pleuromitosis
Korea Passing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Korea + passing, a term coined in 2017, in allusion to the earlier term "Japan passing", coined when US president Bill Clinton visited China without visiting Japan in 1998.
Senses: examples: text: The expression “Korea Passing” is being used more frequently these days by politicians and scholars in South Korea because they feel insecure while North Korea and the U.S. are talking mostly to each other.
ref: 2017 September 26, “Korea Passing: Seoul’s New Foreign Policy Concern”, in ScienceDirect:
topics: government
politics
glosses: The phenomenon of South Korea being alienated from the international community in the course of discussions on North Korea in 2017.
wikipedia: Bill Clinton
GFT
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: GFTs
Etymology: From Atari's official website and blog, coined in 2022.
Senses: examples: text: A GFT is a surprise, limited edition, gift-wrapped NFTs designed to delight – on any occasion.
ref: 2022 January 27, “Atari is celebrating it’s 50th anniversary with giftable NFTs”, in New Musical Express:
text: Purchasers can either keep their GFT for themselves, or alternatively, and as their title suggests, they can gift the suspense-filled digital asset to a friend.
ref: 2022 February 1, “Atari Combine NFTs with Loot Boxes in New ‘GFT’ Collection”, in NFT Plaza:
topics: business
cryptocurrencies
cryptocurrency
engineering
finance
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
glosses: Initialism of gift-fungible token.
Related terms: NFT
Alaskapox
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Discovered in July 2015, by a woman visited a clinic in Fairbanks, Alaska, with lesions.
Senses: examples: text: Alaskapox is a type of orthopoxvirus that infects mammals, including humans, and causes skin lesions.
ref: 2024 February 14, Joe Hernandez, “A man died from Alaskapox last month. Here's what we know about the virus”, in NPR:
text: "Several Alaskapox patients initially thought they had a spider or insect bite," the health department notes.
ref: 2024 February 15, Sara Moniuszko, “What is Alaskapox? Symptoms to know after death brings attention to virus”, in CBS News:
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
virology
glosses: A disease caused by virus Borealpox virus, of the genus Orthopoxvirus, first documented in 2015 in Alaska, United States.
Ba Chúc
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /bɑːˈtʃʊk/
Etymology: Borrowed from Vietnamese Ba Chúc.
Senses: glosses: A town in Tịnh Biên district, An Giang Province, Vietnam.
glosses: A commune of Tri Tôn district, An Giang Province, Vietnam.
Copi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Copis
Etymology: By shortening of Copious, coined in 2022 by Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
Senses: examples: text: "Copi is a great name: Short, crisp and easy to say. What diner won't be intrigued when they read Copi tacos or Copi burgers on a menu?"
ref: 2022 June 22, Jelisa Castrodale, quoting Colleen Callahan, “What Is Copi? A New Name for an Invasive Fish”, in Food&Wine:
topics: biology
cooking
food
lifestyle
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Another name for Asian carp.
lazy girl job
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lazy girl jobs
Etymology: Coined by author and social media influencer Gabrielle Judge in 2023.
Senses: examples: text: [Gabrielle] Judge says a lazy girl job looks slightly different to everyone, because each worker has their own unique circumstances and needs.
ref: 2023 July 26, Bashirat Oladele, “How the 'lazy girl job' took over work TikTok”, in BBC News:
text: “There’s nothing lazy about expecting a job that pays you well, gives you good work-life balance and doesn’t overwork you. And no one in a lazy girl job is actually lazy”
ref: 2023 August 1, Angela Yang, quoting Gabrielle Judge, “‘Lazy girl jobs’ are trending in rally against burnout culture”, in NBC News:
text: Working a "lazy girl" job doesn't mean Gen Z workers are slacking off. Rather, they're rejecting hustle culture for well-paying, flexible jobs that end right at 5 p.m.
ref: 2023 October 18, Paola Peralta, “What the 'lazy girl job' trend says about Gen Z's mental health”, in Employee Benefit News:
text: If the post-pandemic decline in the appeal of “hustle culture” and “leaning in” laid bare structures of worker exploitation, the rise of trends such as “bare minimum Mondays”, “lazy girl jobs” and “act your wage” are manifestations of a resentment in search of articulation.
ref: 2024 May 18, “Loud quitting: Catharsis, breakdown”, in Indian Express, Mumbai:
text: You can think of it as financial education for the "lazy-girl job" generation — those who decry the corporate hustle and seek out low-stress jobs that don't take over their lives.
ref: 2024 August 12, Emilie Friedlander, “Gen Zers are investing their way out of the 9-to-5”, in Business Insider, US edition:
topics: business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
qualifier: social media
glosses: A job that is well paid, does not demand long hours or too much effort, and can often be done remotely.
Related terms: quiet quitting
Tittabawassee
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A tributary of the Saginaw River in Michigan, United States.
glosses: A township in Saginaw County, Michigan, named after the river.
Soro Soke
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Soro Sokes
Etymology: First used during the EndSARS protest. Yoruba word meaning speak up. Coined in 2020.
Senses: examples: text: Aina’s brand, which recently released a scented candle collection tagged Owambe, attracted a lot of knocks by Nigerian Twitter users after naming one of its candles Soro soke.
ref: 2022 August 5, Peace Akinyode, “Tweeps knock entrepreneur for naming product ‘Soro Soke’”, in PUNCH (Nigeria):
topics: government
politics
glosses: A political slogan where Nigerians seeking to make their voices heard.
VEXAS
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Acronym of vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X chromosome, autoinflammatory, somatic, after the core features of the disorder. First discovered in October 2020, with the report from The New England Journal of Medicine and identified by a multidisciplinary team of scientists (see quotations below).
Senses: examples: text: Using a genotype-driven approach, we identified a disorder that connects seemingly unrelated adult-onset inflammatory syndromes. We named this genetic disorder the VEXAS syndrome, which is caused by myeloid-restricted somatic missense mutations in UBA1.
ref: 2020 October 27, David B. Beck, Marcela A. Ferrada, Keith A. Sikora, Amanda K. Ombrello, et alia, “Somatic Mutations in UBA1 and Severe Adult-Onset Autoinflammatory Disease”, in New England Journal of Medicine, volume 383, →DOI:
text: Additionally, patients with VEXAS suffer from a spectrum of hematologic problems, including macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thromboembolic disease, and progressive bone marrow failure, which can evolve to hematologic malignancy
ref: 2021 July 1, Peter C. Grayson, Bhavisha A. Patel, Neal S. Young, “VEXAS syndrome”, in Blood, volume 137, number 26, →DOI, page 3591:
text: The researchers note that a diagnosis based on symptoms alone could easily miss cases of VEXAS that would be caught by UBA1 testing.
ref: 2023 February 14, Vicki Contie, “VEXAS syndrome more common than realized”, in National Institutes of Health:
topics: biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
related: word: VEXAS syndrome
glosses: An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the body and mostly affects men.
wikipedia: E1 enzyme
unexpected red theory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: First gained popularity on the social media platform TikTok in January 2024. Coined by Taylor Migliazzo Simon in early 2024.
Senses: examples: text: Of course, the other essential part of the “unexpected red theory” is the unexpected — the element of surprise.
ref: 2024 February 24, Ingrid Fetell Lee, “The science behind the “unexpected red theory””, in The Aesthetics of Joy:
text: “The ‘unexpected red’ theory is real! These red-and-white-striped tissue box covers from Alice Palmer truly bring such an element of fun to my home.”
ref: 2024 September, Julia Rabinowitsch, quotee, “Q: What was your last great purchase?”, in House Beautiful, page 12:
text: "Everyone talks about the Unexpected Red Theory, but have you tried adding a punch of yellow?" Janak says.
ref: 2025 February 20, Kathryn O'Shea Evans, quoting Emily Janak, “'Dopamine decor' is the anti-trend trend that can boost your mood”, in Washington Post, page H.5:
topics: arts
design
fashion
lifestyle
qualifier: social media
glosses: A trend in interior design based on the idea that any room will appear more attractive if one adds a red item or feature to it, especially if the red item appears unusual or mismatches the other colors in the room.
chaos cooking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: All around the garden and across the adjacent apartment, guests spooned, forked, chopsticked, speared and, above all, shoveled food of all sorts into their mouths and others’ at a monthly event called Chaos Cooking.
ref: 2010 July 21, Sarah Maslin Nir, “Too Many Cooks? Says Who?”, in New York Times, page A20:
text: “I harvested a case (about 18 pounds) of kale and called folks over for a kale fest, asking everyone to bring a recipe and ingredients other than kale – chaos cooking style,” Sevin said.
ref: 2011 June 1, Michael Hastings, quoting Natalie Sevin, “Give in to the green: Find your way to kale”, in McClatchy-Tribune Business News:
text: With chaos cooking, almost anything goes, and it's more about ingredients and less about food cultures and traditions.
ref: 2023 June 17, Erin Shaw, “What Is Chaos Cooking And What Does It Look Like In Home Kitchens?”, in FoodRepublic:
text: Chaos cooking, before becoming trend-ified, was born from the long line of chefs who looked in their fridges and thought to themselves, "Yeah, I can make something with this."
ref: 2023 July 25, Joshua Hunt, “Chaos Cooking Is Taking Over TikTok for All the Right Reasons”, in Food&Wine:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: A style of cooking that uses different types of food that are not normally eaten together to create a dish.
Chadian Arabic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A dialect of Arabic spoken mostly in central and southern Chad, but also in parts of Sudan and Nigeria and in slivers of other countries.
Synonyms: word: Shuwa Arabic
word: Western Sudanic Arabic
alt: WSA
word: West Sudanic Arabic
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Chadian Arabic terms
funwashing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Unknown origin, likely emerged around 2023.
Senses: examples: text: Actually Fun-Washing and (sur) reality tv had a role in projecting Anne Widdecombe as a ‘national treasure’.
ref: 2023 November 30, Mike Small, “Fun-Washing Fascism”, in Bella Caledonia:
topics: broadcasting
media
television
glosses: The practice of someone taking part in a popular event or show, appearing on television, etc. as a way to improve their reputation with the public.
Deheubarth
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /dəˈheɪbɑː(ɹ)θ/
Etymology: Borrowed from Welsh Deheubarth, from deheubarth (“southern region”).
Senses: glosses: A historical kingdom of Wales, in the south of the country.
quadrupledemic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Blend of quadruple + pandemic. Coined around 2022. Compare tripledemic.
Senses: examples: text: Add another monkeypox or bird flu outbreak, and we might even experience a “quadrupledemic.”
ref: 2022 December 18, David Axe, “Overlapping Virus Outbreaks Threaten ‘Tripledemic’ Crisis”, in Daily Blast:
text: There's a lot of damage against T-cells, and so this could also explain the surges of flu, surges of RSV, Strep A and surges in many other viruses and pathogens this past year, and hence, we're having this tripledemic, quadrupledemic in many countries worldwide.
ref: 2023 January 10, “Bolsonaro Supporters Storm Key Government Buildings; Lula da Silva Vows to Punish Those Responsible for Attacks”, in CNN Newsroom, spoken by Eric Feigl-Ding, via CNN:
text: At its most extreme, [vitamin D] deficiency can lead to bone deformities and increases the risk of fractures.
However, for most, low levels may manifest as unexplained fatigue, general aches and pains as well as a weak immune system – something none of us want as a ‘quadrupledemic’ of flu, RSV, norovirus and Covid sweeps the UK.
ref: 2024 December 22, Ethan Ennals, “A relaxing way to beat the blues this winter: SPA doctor”, in Mail on Sunday, London, page 43:
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
virology
glosses: A widespread outbreak of four illnesses at the same time, such as Covid-19, flu, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus.
exspouse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: exspouses
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of ex-spouse.
retail apocalypse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: retail apocalypses
Etymology: First appeared in print in an essay titled It's Not My Department! in the early 1990s by author Peter Glen.
Senses: examples: text: Toys “R” Us is hardly the only retail operation to learn this lesson the hard way. The so-called retail apocalypse felled roughly 7,000 stores and eliminated more than 50,000 jobs in 2017.
ref: 2018 June 13, Bryce Covert, “The Demise of Toys 'R' Us Is a Warning”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:
text: The threat of a retail apocalypse coming for your business depends on the specific retail category and your current operations.
ref: 2023 March 12, Jake Rheude, “Retail Apocalypse: What Is It and Should You Follow the Trend?”, in Loss Prevention Magazine:
topics: economics
sciences
qualifier: urban studies
glosses: The closing of numerous brick-and-mortar retail stores in the United States, especially those of large chains, beginning around 2010.
ex-spouse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ex-spouses
form: exspouse
Senses: examples: text: It must be maddening to know the chap has some more to spend, but one can't get at it. And after the divorce—and it is stricly comme il faut to divorce a millionaire husband with acrimony—the ex-spouses complain bitterly of being unable to maintain the life of luxury to which they have been trained on the paltry alimony forthcoming for the purpose.
ref: 1921 July 22, Alma Whitaker, “Stingy Millionaires”, in The Los Angeles Times, volume XL, →ISSN, →OCLC, Part II, page 4, column 5:
text: Diane was married to Phil for 15 years and to Jim for 21 years. Phil was the higher earner, with a full retirement benefit of $2,442. Jim's full retirement benefit was $2,136. Diane's own full retirement benefit was only $963.
Diane began by collecting half of Phil's benefits at age 66 - $1,221. Her plan was to switch to her own benefit at age 70 when it would have grown to $1,271.
But before she reached age 70, Jim passed away. He had waited until age 70 to begin his own benefits, meaning they had grown to $2,819. Diane was eligible to collect the surviving divorced spouse benefit of $2,819 - an increase in monthly benefits of $1,598 over what she was collecting on Phil's earnings record. That is a lifetime difference of more than $383,000, if she lives to be 90.
"You can switch back and forth with multiple ex-spouses," says Jim Blankenship, a financial planner who specializes in Social Security benefits. "It's sort of the Elizabeth Taylor scenario."
The Hollywood star actually stayed married to just one of her seven husbands long enough to meet Social Security's ten-year rule - Richard Burton. Their 1964 marriage did last more than ten years - and they tied the knot a second time for about 9 months in 1975.
ref: 2013 May 9, Mark Miller, “Knowing Social Security rules can help divorced spouses”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 27 Apr 2024, Markets:
text: Both of their spouses - well, ex-spouse in regard to Sergey Brin - come from the field of medicine. So they have a personal investment there.
ref: 2015 November 13, Conor Dillon, “Google co-founders' personal take on biotech”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 13 Nov 2015, Health:
text: Women filing as heads of households for the first time may get walloped, so it’s important to have a tax projection along with the divorce decree, Ms. George said.
Without expert guidance, either ex-spouse can land in financial hot water.
ref: 2023 May 13, Lela Nargi, “Divorce Can Wreck a Woman’s Financial Future. Here’s How to Rebuild.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 May 2023, Business:
glosses: A former spouse (from a previous marriage after a divorce).
circular fashion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Coined in 2014 by Anna Brismar, the owner of Green Strategy, and another expert in Sweden.
Senses: examples: text: Circular fashion is the intersection of the circular economy (a model that exchanges the typical cycle of take-make-waste in favour of reusing and recycling as much as possible) and sustainable and ethical fashion.
ref: 2022 September 19, Madeleine Hill, “What Is Circular Fashion?”, in Good On You:
topics: biology
ecology
fashion
lifestyle
natural-sciences
antonyms: fast fashion
glosses: Clothes that are designed and made in such a way that they will last for a long time, can eventually be repaired or redesigned instead of being thrown away, and cause little or no damage to the environment.
Bukharin
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian Бухарин (Buxarin).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Russian; especially when referring to Russian/Soviet communist leader Nikolai Bukharin
wikipedia: Bukharin
Yazov
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian Язов (Jazov).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Russian
wikipedia: Yazov
discrete manufacturing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: coordinate_terms: process manufacturing
glosses: Manufacturing which is concerned with discrete units, bills of materials and the assembly of components.
process manufacturing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: coordinate_terms: discrete manufacturing
glosses: Manufacturing which is concerned with bulk materials (ingredients), formulas and recipes.
order to cash
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: synonyms: OTC
glosses: The cycle of business events that happens from the time a customer places an order until the time the customer pays for the order, including customer data entry, lead management, order entry, order fulfillment, distribution, invoicing, and collections.
Related terms: procure to pay
procure to pay
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Forms: form: procure-to-pay
Senses: topics: business
finance
synonyms: P2P
PTP
purchase to pay
glosses: The business events that link the procurement process with the financial functions of a business, including supply management, requisitions, purchase orders, receiving, invoice reconciliation, and accounts payable.
Related terms: order to cash
source to pay
revenue recognition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: accounting
business
finance
glosses: The point at which revenue is recognized or recorded, which, depending on the system, may be when the money is received (cash basis), or may be when goods are transferred to the customer (accrual basis).
rot.
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of rotation.
Parliamentary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Parliament + -ary.
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of parliamentary, typically in reference to a specific parliament, usually that of England or the United Kingdom.
Derived terms: Parliamentary green
Parliamentary heel
Parliamentary red
Parliamentary Secretary
edling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɛdlɪŋ/
Forms: form: edlings
Etymology: Borrowed from Welsh edling, from Middle Welsh edling, edlyg, from Old English eþeling, Mercian form of æþeling, possibly through an intermediate Middle English *edelyng. Doublet of atheling.
The modern pronunciation with /d/ is either a spelling pronunciation (in Middle Welsh, represented /ð/) or represents the development of earlier /ðl/ into /dl/ in Middle English.
Senses: glosses: An heir apparent of a reigning Welsh monarch in the medieval period.
wikipedia: Mercian dialect
spelling pronunciation
edlings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of edling
mandibuloacral dysplasia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /manˈdɪb.jʊl.əʊˌæ.krəl dɪsˈpleɪ.ʒə/
ipa: /mænˈdɪb.jʊl.oʊˌæ.krəl dɪsˈpleɪ.ʒə/
Senses: glosses: a rare autosomal genetic condition characterized by hypoplasia of the lower jaw
Parl.
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of Parliament.
skinny pig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: skinny pigs
Senses: glosses: An almost hairless strain of guinea pig.
skinny pigs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of skinny pig
punches the air
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of punch the air
punching the air
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of punch the air
punched the air
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of punch the air
member of parliament
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: members of parliament
form: members of parliaments
Senses: examples: text: Similar to members of parliaments, members of Congress are civil servants.
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Member of Parliament.
members of parliaments
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of member of parliament
members of parliament
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of member of parliament
ichibus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ichibu
gigaleak
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gigaleaks
Etymology: From giga- + leak (“divulgation, or disclosure, of information previously held secret”).
Senses: examples: text: The Nintendo Gigaleak was a massive amount of data obtained from Nintendo that revealed numerous prototypes, cut content, and design documents for some of the industry giant's biggest franchises.
ref: 2021 July 25, Arron Kluz, “Biggest Discoveries From the Nintendo 'Gigaleak'”, in GameRant:
text: The 2022/23 Gigaleak, also known as "The Valve Repository leak," the "Valve Gigaleak," or the "Garjulio leaks" was a series of leaks ranging from December of 2022 through January of 2023. This leak comprised of entire pieces of Valve's external Dev repository given to people who buy a Source Engine license.
ref: 2023 July 12, SupritoB, “The 2022/23 Gigaleak”, in Valve Cut Content Wiki, archived from the original on 27 Apr 2024:
text: ...all that changed with a massive breach to Nickelodeon's internal database, a breach that was referred to as the Nickelodeon Gigaleak...
ref: 2024 April 11, Whang!, 00:01:09 from the start, in The Nickelodeon Gigaleak - Tales From the Internet:
glosses: A very large data leak, usually relating to a company involved in pop culture.
barber's rash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: barber + rash
Senses: synonyms: barber's itch
glosses: Tinea barbae, a contagious fungal rash that affects the neck and face when one's hair is shaved in these areas.
tech neck
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɛknɛk/
rhymes: -ɛk
Forms: form: tech necks
Etymology: From tech + neck, referring to physical strain in the neck due to poor posture while using electronic devices.
Senses: examples: text: When I finished writing my first book a couple of years ago, I noticed that the long hours spent at the computer had taken their toll in the form of radiating pain and tingling down my arms. My rheumatologist prescribed a set of strengthening exercises for my “tech neck.” Because I am a yoga therapist, they were already part of my movement vocabulary, but I wasn't practicing them frequently enough to address my issues.
ref: 2023, Beth Spindler, Trauma-Aware Yoga and Movement Therapeutics for Older Adults: Managing Common Conditions by Healing the Nervous System First, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 88:
glosses: Neck pain, stiffness, and discomfort resulting from poor posture while using electronic devices (e.g. smartphones, tablets, and computers).
examples: text: Office workers and teenagers are common tech necks in today's screen-heavy world.
glosses: A person experiencing such neck pain from digital device use.
Synonyms: text neck
screen neck
Related terms: digital fatigue
forward head posture
posture correction
repetitive strain injury
device addiction