cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
black letter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: black letters
form: blackletter
form: black-letter
Senses: examples: text: Also we discovered what is still more curious, an English version of the black-letter Latin.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
text: The original boldface printing types are the blackletters used by Gutenberg in the 1440s. For the next two centuries, blackletter fonts were widely used not only in Germany but in France, Spain, the Netherlands and England.
ref: 2002, Robert Bringhurst, The Elements of Typographic Style (version 2.5), Vancouver: Hartley & Marks, →ISBN, page 103:
topics: arts
calligraphy
communications
journalism
literature
media
publishing
typography
writing
glosses: A highly calligraphic Western European script style used from approximately 1150.
A Northern European style of type based on the script, with contrasting thick-and-thin, angular strokes forming upright letterforms, and usually set with a dark typographic colour on the page.
synonyms: Gothic
topics: arts
calligraphy
communications
journalism
literature
media
publishing
writing
glosses: A highly calligraphic Western European script style used from approximately 1150.
Text set in black-letter type.
examples: text: [The US Supreme Court] did not raise the fundamental normative question of the patent-ability of genes. Instead, it took a black letter approach to interpreting the Patent Act, which had first been enacted in 1790, and which in its current form states that “whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.”
ref: 2020, Katharina Pistor, “5: Enclosing Nature's Code”, in The Code of Capital […] , Princeton University Press, →ISBN:
topics: law
glosses: The basic standard elements for a particular field of law, which are generally known and free from doubt or dispute.
Hyponyms: Gothic
bastarda
fraktur
Old English
quadrata
rotunda
Schwabacher
textura
Coordinate terms: Antiqua
whiteletter
Derived terms: black-letter law
governante
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: governantes
Etymology: From Dutch gouvernante, and its source, Middle French gouvernante. Compare govern.
Senses: glosses: A female ruler or regent.
examples: text: When it came to his turn to mention Sir John Sparkle, he represented him as a man of an immense estate and narrow disposition, who mewed up his only child, a fine young lady, from the conversation of mankind, under the strict watch and inspection of an old governante […].
ref: 1748, Tobias Smollett, chapter 50, in The Adventures of Roderick Random:
text: Shortly after the failure of the singular negotiation for attaining peace by combat, which Peveril had attempted to open with Major Bridgenorth, that gentleman left his seat of Moultrassie-Hall in the care of his old housekeeper, and departed, no one knew whither, having in company with him the Reverend Master Solsgrace, with his daughter Alice and Mrs. Deborah Debbitch, now formally installed in all the duties of a gouvernante.
ref: 1822, [Walter Scott], chapter X, in Peveril of the Peak. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 227:
glosses: A woman in charge of someone else, especially a child or young woman; a governess.
glossa
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡlɒsə/
rhymes: -ɒsə
Forms: form: glossae
form: glossas
Etymology: From the Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue”). Doublet of gloss.
Senses: examples: text: They wished to see what Holy would do with the glossa. “The innocent will tell no lies.” The organ eventually had been divided into nineteen sections, distributed, and ingested. “We swallow your lies and cause them to build our powers.”
ref: 2016, Dr. Jol, Suburban Brand, Charlotte Publishing Press, →ISBN:
text: Her swollen “button” hitting his glossa tip provided wave after wave of full body pleasure.
ref: 2016, Dr. JD Philip, “The Wedding”, in Victoria: A Pirate Romance, Charlotte Publishing Press, →ISBN, page 230:
text: It was his glossa, strange that; when dead men had no need to verbalize.
ref: 2018, Gloria Trubbshore, Băṭluptă, Xlibris, →ISBN:
text: In the Paragiina, the proximal region of the glossa is elongated, and the paraglossae are long and reach the bifid apex of the glossa.
ref: 2019, Harald W. Krenn, Insect Mouthparts: Form, Function, Development and Performance, page 452:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: The tongue, or lingua, especially of an insect.
examples: text: This pattern does not hold in the glossas we have examined: [th] occurs where we expect [], as in the “word” kita in our sample text, and [] occurs freely in other American glossas as an independent sound unit,[…]
ref: 1968, William J. Samarin, The Linguiticality of Glossolalia, page 64:
text: I have analysed a total of 24 prophetic glossas in this way, and 10 passages of the more easily intelligible prayer specimens of glossolalia. These glossas emanate from a total of 15 persons.
ref: 1975, Temenos, page 50:
text: Although Samarin has examples of glossas from people who are not adherents to Christianity he does feel that occurences^([sic]) of glossolalia apart from Christian influences are rare.
ref: 1976, Linguistics, page 87:
text: Thus significant differences exist between the glossas of different individuals: indeed, one person may have more than one distinctive glossa. And there are differences between the glossas of people of different linguistic backgrounds which correspond with the differences between their mother tongues, allowing for the influence of other languages which they may know to some extent.
ref: 2008, B. Ward Powers, “Excursus 4: Tongues-Speaking Today: A Comment”, in First Corinthians: An Exegetical and Explanatory Commentary; A Consideration of Some Views Ancient and Modern in the Light of a Verse-by-Verse Look at What the Text Actually Says; A Somewhat Traditional Interpretation Plus Contemporary Application, Eugene, Ore.: Wipf and Stock, →ISBN, page 409:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonology
sciences
glosses: Unintelligible ecstatic speech.
Related terms: paraglossa
Anastacia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Ancient Greek, variant of Anastasia.
protectability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From protect + -ability.
Senses: examples: text: “Meta” may be a perfectly fine trademark, and perhaps it is even the best trademark that they could have found from a legal protectability and risk-management standpoint.
ref: 2021 November 30, Jess Collen, “Is ‘Meta’ Really A Better Trademark? Don’t Let ‘Facebook’ Be Your Playbook”, in Forbes, archived from the original on 02 Dec 2021:
text: When choosing elements for a brand, they should meet a combination of the following six aspects: memorability, meaningfulness, likeability, transferability, adaptability, and protectability.
ref: 2023 January 21, Feyisitan Ijimakinwa, “Choosing your brand elements”, in Businessday, archived from the original on 24 Jan 2023:
text: The use of AI-generated content introduces complex questions regarding copyright and ownership. Under Australian law, copyright generally applies to original works authored by humans. Text generated by AI would probably be outside this framework, creating uncertainty regarding its protectability and enforceability.
ref: 2025 August 26, David Heasley, “AI in legal practice: Navigating privacy, hallucinations, and IP risks”, in LawyersWeekly, archived from the original on 26 Aug 2025:
glosses: The ability to receive protection.
protectibility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of protectability.
self-tapping screw
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: self-tapping screws
Senses: glosses: A screw, with a hardened thread, that forms its own internal thread when driven into a relatively soft material (such as sheet metal).
Related terms: self-drilling screw
registrability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: law
glosses: The property of being registrable as a trademark.
Tokugawa
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Tokugawas
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 徳川 (Tokugawa).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Japanese.
glosses: Any of a family of shoguns that ruled Japan in the 17th to 19th centuries.
scurvy-grass
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: scurvy-grasses
Senses: examples: text: The seeds of Scurvy-grasse growing in waterpots have been fruitfull in the Land
ref: 1658, Sir Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society, published 2007, page 205:
text: [T]he seed of Scurvy-grass very much resembles the make of a Concha Venerea, a kind of Purcelane Schell […].
ref: 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, section XXXI:
text: Knowing that sellery and scurvey grass and other vegetables were to be found in this sound […] , I went myself at day light in the morn in search of some and returned by breakfast with a boat load […] .
ref: 1773, James Cook, The Journals, Second Voyage, 19 May
synonyms: spoonwort
glosses: Any of several European plants, of the genus Cochlearia, formerly believed useful in treating scurvy.
guardedly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more guardedly
form: most guardedly
Etymology: From guarded + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The DfT states guardedly: "Subject to future decisions, this first phase of the Rail Hub could be completed by the early 2030s."
ref: 2024 March 20, Howard Johnston, “Network News: Midlands Hub can go ahead - if HS2 money stays in the pot”, in RAIL, number 1005, page 10:
glosses: In a guarded manner.
guiltily
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɪltˌɪli/
rhymes: -ɪli
Forms: form: more guiltily
form: most guiltily
Etymology: From guilty + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Guiltily, from time to time, she took swift inquiring looks at Mina, who was dressed more carefully, and had fresh plaited her hair.
ref: 1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 262:
text: He was guiltily aware now that he had kept Podson in the dark about the state of his finances to secure that extra fortnight's painting.
ref: 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 156:
glosses: In a guilty manner; as if guilty.
guarder
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɑːdə/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)də(ɹ)
Forms: form: guarders
Etymology: From guard + -er.
School slang relates to Stonyhurst College in the United Kingdom.
Senses: examples: text: they found themselves in view of the town, whence the night before they had hoised sailes, where they were pursued by the guarders and Souldiers of the Port.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 27, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
glosses: A person who guards; a guard.
examples: text: The Hodder Football is very good this year, and we have an excellent team. Hammond is a good guarder and can save some very difficult shots.
ref: 1914 February 24, “Hodder Notes”, in The Stonyhurst Magazine, volume 13, number 192, page 819:
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
qualifier: school slang
glosses: A goalkeeper.
Derived terms: sense: goalkeeper
word: second-guarder
sense: goalkeeper
word: third-guarder
word: coast guarder
guardrail
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɑɹdˌɹeɪl/
Forms: form: guardrails
form: guard rail
Etymology: From guard + rail.
Senses: synonyms: guard railing
guide board
guide rail
side rail
glosses: A rail set alongside a dangerous place as a barrier, to improve safety.
synonyms: guard railing
guide board
guide rail
side rail
crash barrier
traffic barrier
glosses: A rail set alongside a dangerous place as a barrier, to improve safety.
A strengthened barrier installed on the sides of a (usually major) road to keep vehicles on the highway and reduce the risk and/or impact of crashes.
examples: text: Set guardrails on Visual Studio Live Share
We’ve heard from Live Share users that they want to use Live Share in their organization, but without controls to prevent individuals from outside their company domain joining Live Share sessions, they’re blocked. We are excited that this and many other requested policies are now available.
ref: 2022 August 17, Carolina Uribe-Gosselin, Live Share: Enterprise Policies are here!:
text: Some worry that releasing open-source generative A.I. models without guardrails could provoke a backlash among regulators and the general public that could damage the entire industry.
ref: 2022 October 21, Kevin Roose, “A Coming-Out Party for Generative A.I., Silicon Valley’s New Craze”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: That a confrontation over a single surveillance balloon deemed harmless by the Pentagon could destabilize diplomacy between the two countries showed the difficulties of putting “guardrails on the relationship,” a goal stated in those terms by President Biden and his aides.
ref: 2023 February 5, Helene Cooper, Edward Wong, “U.S. Navy Divers Work to Recover Debris From Chinese Spy Balloon as Diplomacy Dwindles”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: He also acknowledged the need for guardrails. “I really think the world is going to rise to the occasion and everybody wants to do the right thing,” Altman said.
ref: 2023 November 18, Blake Montgomery, Dani Anguiano, “OpenAI fires co-founder and CEO Sam Altman for allegedly lying to company board”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Any barrier designed to prevent accidents or mistakes.
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: Synonym of check rail.
synonyms: word: check rail
Derived terms: guardrailed
Related terms: fail-safe
guardroom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɑɹdˌɹum/
Forms: form: guardrooms
Etymology: From guard + room.
Senses: examples: text: There were flambeaux on staggering poles every ten strides or so, and at intervals of about a hundred strides, bartizans whose guardroom windows glared like fireworks clung to the bridge piers.
ref: 1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter XIV, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, pages 131–132:
glosses: A room used by soldiers when on guard.
glosses: A jail cell in which military prisoners are kept.
guardsman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: guardsmen
Etymology: From guard + -s- + -man.
Senses: glosses: A person, especially a soldier, who is on guard.
glosses: A member of the National Guard.
glosses: A member of a Guards regiment.
Related terms: guardswoman
lifeguardsman
Guards
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Any of several regiments in the Household Division of the British Army
glosses: The Gardaí; the police force.
Derived terms: Coldstream Guards
Grenadier Guards
Guards Machine Gun Regiment
Irish Guards
Scots Guards
Welsh Guards
guesser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: guessers
Etymology: From Middle English gessere, gessare, equivalent to guess + -er.
Senses: examples: text: 'Then, believe me, you're a pretty slick guesser.'
ref: 1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 8, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 255:
glosses: A person who guesses; especially someone who can make a reasonable prediction from little evidence.
Derived terms: second guesser
weather guesser
guidebook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: guidebooks
Senses: examples: text: Having departed Inverness on time, I take the advice of several guidebooks and sit in a right-hand-side seat, which should afford me uninterrupted views of the sea as the train winds its way north.
ref: 2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and pleasure on the Far North Line”, in RAIL, number 942, page 48:
glosses: Alternative spelling of guide book.
Derived terms: guidebookish
guide book
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: guide books
form: guidebook
Senses: synonyms: tour guide
travel guide
glosses: A book that provides guidance, but especially one designed for travellers which provides local tourist information about a particular country or area.
Derived terms: Junior Woodchucks' Guidebook
guileful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more guileful
form: most guileful
form: guilefull
Etymology: From Middle English gileful, gilful, equivalent to guile + -ful.
Senses: glosses: Full of guile; treacherously deceptive.
Derived terms: guilefully
guilefulness
unguileful
guileless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡaɪl.ləs/
ipa: [ˈɡaɪɫ.ləs]
Forms: form: more guileless
form: most guileless
Etymology: From guile + -less.
Senses: examples: text: To foreigners we often seem guileless and overchatty, an impression which is dispersed when they find that much of our friendliness is just the ebullition of the moment and does not carry with it any permanence of devotion.
ref: 1923 February 11, Mme. X. [pseudonym], “News of Chicago Society: Now That War’s Over, On with Full Dress, Men”, in The Chicago Sunday Tribune, final edition, volume LXXXII, number 6, Chicago, Ill., →ISSN, →OCLC, part 7, page 5, columns 6–7:
glosses: Free from guile; honest but naive.
Derived terms: guilelessly
guilelessness
guiltiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: guiltinesses
Etymology: From Middle English giltines; equivalent to guilty + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: those speculative relapsers, that have, out of policy, or guiltiness, abandoned a known and received truth
ref: c. 1626, Joseph Hall, Saint Paul's Combat (sermon)
glosses: The state of being guilty; guilt.
guilt-ridden
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From guilt + -ridden.
Senses: examples: text: He was so guilt-ridden that he could not face his father.
glosses: Having a strong sense of guilt.
gulper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gulpers
Etymology: From gulp + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Believers in Fletcher's system were anything but quick shovelers and gulpers of food.
ref: 1989, William R. Hunt, Body love: the amazing career of Bernarr Macfadden, page 28:
glosses: One who gulps.
glosses: A gulper eel.
Derived terms: gulper eel
gulper shark
pelican gulper
whiptail gulper
gunfight
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡʌnˌfaɪt/
Forms: form: gunfights
Etymology: From gun + fight.
Senses: examples: text: YouTube is awash in gun content, often referred to as “GunTube” by firearm enthusiasts. Individuals who come to GunTube—including children and teens—can find videos which glorify assault weapons, show how to modify firearms, and teach viewers how to shoot through bulletproof glass or “win gunfights.”
ref: 2023 May 16, “YouTube and Gun Content: A Dangerous Combination for Kids and Teens”, in Everytown Support Fund:
glosses: A battle (or a duel) using small arms.
Derived terms: bring a knife to a gunfight
take a knife to a gunfight
gunfighter
gunfight
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡʌnˌfaɪt/
Forms: form: gunfights
form: gunfighting
form: gunfought
form: gunfought
Etymology: From gun + fight.
Senses: glosses: To engage in battle using small arms.
gunfighter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gunfighters
Etymology: From gun + fighter.
Senses: glosses: A person who engages in gunfights; a gunslinger.
Derived terms: gunfighter seat
gunfighter's dilemma
gung-ho
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more gung-ho
form: most gung-ho
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of gung ho.
gunnysack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gunnysacks
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of gunny sack.
Derived terms: gunnysacking
gunny sack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gunny sacks
form: gunnysack
Senses: examples: text: “… Tony, there are some old, empty gunny sacks—the only dry thing on Bogus tonight. … They'll do to make a bed for the baby in the wood-box, …”
ref: 1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter XI, in The Understanding Heart:
text: He used to carry his guitar in a gunny sack / Go sit beneath the tree by the railroad track
ref: 1958, Chuck Berry, “Johnny B. Goode”:
text: life would be a misery, trudging all the way down to Number 7 wharf for a meal ticket, then back up to the other end of the city to collect a gunnysack of food […].
ref: 1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 259:
glosses: A sack made from burlap, used for agricultural produce.
Synonyms: gunny-bag
gunrunner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gunrunners
Etymology: From gun + runner.
Senses: glosses: A person who smuggles arms and ammunition.
Related terms: gunrunning
gunrunning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gunrunnings
Etymology: From gun + running.
Senses: glosses: The smuggling of arms and ammunition.
Related terms: gunrunner
gun-shy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more gun-shy
form: most gun-shy
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of gunshy.
gusher
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gushers
Etymology: From gush + -er. Doublet of geyser.
Senses: glosses: One who gushes (makes an excessive display of enthusiasm, praise, or sentiment).
glosses: An oil well that has a natural flow and so requires no pumping.
gutty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ʌti
Forms: form: goutty
form: goutté
form: gouté
form: gutté
form: guttée
Etymology: From goutte + -y, or anglicization of (Old or Middle French) goutté, ultimately from Latin gutta (“drop (of a liquid)”) (also the ultimate source of English goutte and French goutte). Compare guttated.
Senses: topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: Charged or sprinkled with drops.
gutty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ʌti
Forms: form: guttier
form: guttiest
Etymology: From gut + -y.
Senses: glosses: Gutsy; brave.
examples: text: A trim-middled hog will have a higher dressing percentage than a wasty, gutty, paunchy, heavy-middled hog.
ref: 1958, John M. Kays, Basic animal husbandry, page 269:
glosses: Having a prominent gut.
Derived terms: guttiness
gutty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ʌti
Forms: form: gutties
Etymology: From gut + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Mr Donaldson continued to work during the season as a gutty in the beefhouse at the Lorneville plant, notwithstanding a high level of pain and/or discomfort which he persistently experienced from his elbow disorder.
ref: 1990, New Zealand Industrial Law Reports:
glosses: One who works in a slaughterhouse cutting out the internal organs.
gutty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ʌti
Forms: form: gutties
Etymology: Perhaps from gutter, or guttersnipe. Or possibly from Irish gaotaire (“a windbag, someone who talks too much”).
Senses: glosses: An urchin or delinquent.
glosses: Low-class person.
glosses: An unpleasant person.
gutty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ʌti
Senses: examples: text: I still had in my possession thirteen sets of hickories and a good stock of gutty golf balls, […]
ref: 2013, Alfie Ward, Fairways! What Fairways?, page 182:
glosses: Made of gutta-percha.
Related terms: guttie
phrensy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: phrensies
Senses: glosses: Obsolete spelling of frenzy.
phrensy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: phrensies
form: phrensying
form: phrensied
form: phrensied
Senses: glosses: Obsolete spelling of frenzy.
hogback
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hogbacks
form: hog's-back
form: hogsback
Etymology: From hog + back.
Senses: examples: text: Without further parley Garland rode off up the hog's-back and the sheriff rode off down it …
ref: 1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter IV, in The Understanding Heart:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A sharp steep-sided ridge formed by the erosion of tilting strata,
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A hogframe.
glosses: A Viking grave marker taking the form of a recumbent monument, generally with a curved (hogbacked) ridge and outwardly curved sides.
Derived terms: hogbacked
Related terms: Hog's Back
pervaded
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of pervade
redoubled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of redouble
redouble
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʌbəl
Forms: form: redoubles
form: redoubling
form: redoubled
form: redoubled
Etymology: From Middle French redoubler. By surface analysis, re- + double.
Senses: examples: text: Having lost sight of our objectives, we redoubled our efforts.
text: Every item of intelligence appeared to redouble the astonishment of the islanders, and they gazed at us with inquiring looks.
ref: 1846, Herman Melville, Typee, ch. 10:
text: The police redoubled their efforts to capture the thieves.
ref: 1903 October 21, “Plunder Hidden in Graves”, in New York Times, page 16:
text: He heard the footsteps of his pursuers behind him, and redoubled his own pace. Once he got out of these by-ways he would be safe.
ref: 1922, Agatha Christie, “Chapter 17”, in The Secret Adversary:
text: With suggestions that inflation will rise above 15%, I have no doubt that today's trade union leaders will redouble their efforts to secure their members a good deal.
ref: 2022 September 7, Philip Haigh, “Comment: More strikes and poor morale”, in RAIL, number 965, page 3:
glosses: To double, especially to double again; to increase considerably; to multiply; to intensify.
topics: backgammon
bridge
games
glosses: To double an opponent's doubling bid.
glosses: To become twice as big.
examples: text: Like the Conservatives and Labour, the Lib Dems plan to extend Britain's rail network, reopen stations and redouble singled routes.
ref: 2019 December 4, “Lib Dems promise fares freeze and low-emission technology”, in Rail, page 6:
glosses: To double again what was reduced to a single state.
redouble
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʌbəl
Forms: form: redoubles
Etymology: From Middle French redoubler. By surface analysis, re- + double.
Senses: topics: bridge
games
glosses: An optional bid made by the side currently holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side has doubled.
whimsical sex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: the whimsical sex
Senses: glosses: Women; the female gender.
snake charmer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: snake charmers
Senses: glosses: A performer who entertains crowds by performing tricks with dangerous snakes.
Related terms: snake charming
blackamore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blackamores
Senses: examples: text: Hence they call a Blackamore (themſelves are tawnie, by the Sunne and their annoyntings, yet they are borne white :)
ref: 1643, Roger Williams, A key into the languages of America, page 52:
glosses: Alternative form of blackamoor.
derider
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -aɪdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: deriders
Etymology: From deride + -er.
Senses: glosses: A person who derides or mocks.
frown upon
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: frowns upon
form: frowning upon
form: frowned upon
form: frowned upon
Senses: examples: text: Baiting fish is not illegal in this state, but strongly frowned upon.
text: Regular passengers become familiar with their train and attempts to change its make-up or any other aspect of its working are more often than not frowned upon, even though the change is probably for the better.
ref: 1962 September, Warren Smith, “The problems of coaching stock rostering and operation”, in Modern Railways, page 193:
text: However, working from home permanently is increasingly being frowned upon by employers, and therefore people are coming to work two or three days per week.
ref: 2025 September 3, Christian Wolmar, “9 to 5: The changing face of commuting”, in RAIL, number 1043, page 57:
glosses: To disapprove of.
Synonyms: frown on
frown at
dimed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Presumably from dime (“the U.S. ten-cent coin”) + -ed.
Senses: examples: 1998 January 6, Rory McQuillan, "Gear: Does anyone use tone controls on their guitar?", bit.listserv.blues-l, Usenet,
"I asked […] how they adjusted the tone controls on their guitars. They both told me the same thing, that they dimed 'em and adjusted their tone at the amp."
1998 February 15, Milan Plechata, "Re: DIMED- N.J. Slang??", alt.guitar, Usenet,
"Using dimed to mean at ten or full volume is pretty common here in South Carolina, too. I've been hearing it for years, now."
2002 January 17, ryanm, "Re: Most appropriate Marshall guitar amp for studio", rec.audio.pro, Usenet,
"The only way you're going to get the 'dimed marshal plexi' sound is with a dimed marshall plexi. It's gotta be non-master, though, and you have to put all the knobs on 10."
2007 February 13, Jim, "Re: A question about amp volume.", alt.guitar, Usenet,
"Tell us why many amps will give a warmer, smoother tone with preamp volume dimed and guitar volume down (as compared to guitar on 10, then turning up the amp)."
glosses: (of an electric guitar or its amplifier) At volume setting 10 (the loudest).
dimed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From the verb dime.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of dime
mince pies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mince pie
DFW
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Initialism of Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
examples: text: Yes, I was one of those DFW guys, but please keep reading. I discovered Wallace at 17, sitting in the over-cooled lobby of a test prep company where, shortly, my parents would pay a 24-year-old over $100/hour to remind me how to do trigonometry.
ref: 2018 September 15, Julius Taranto, “On Outgrowing David Foster Wallace”, in Los Angeles Review of Books:
glosses: Initialism of David Foster Wallace.
DFW
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Initialism of drug free workplace.
glosses: Initialism of department of fish and wildlife.
glosses: Initialism of department of fisheries and Wildlife.
DFW
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Initialism of down for whatever.
pulque
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈpʊl.keɪ/
/ˈpʊl.ki/
Forms: form: pulques
Etymology: From Mexican Spanish pulque, possibly from Nahuatl.
Senses: examples: text: You went by the sour stink of pulque saloons; they gave you a water glass of cactus juice in there, two cents.
ref: 1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 6, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 4:
glosses: A milk-colored, somewhat viscous Mexican alcoholic drink made from the fermented sap of certain agave plants.
Related terms: mezcal
tequila
cærulean
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more cærulean
form: most cærulean
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of cerulean.
backbitten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: past participle of backbite
baffling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of baffle
baffling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more baffling
form: most baffling
Senses: examples: text: [T]he primitive concept of the generative act was one of awe and worship, accorded to a force which was incomprehensible and baffling.
ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 160:
text: Ministers must restart trade negotiations with Brussels immediately to sort out the "baffling" array of post-Brexit rulesand regulations that now threaten much of the UK'sexport trade to the EU
ref: 2021, The Guardian, baffling brexit rules threaten export chaos gove is warned, London: The Guardian:
glosses: Puzzling, perplexing, bewildering.
glosses: Frustrating.
Derived terms: bafflingly
bafflingness
baffling wind
unbaffling
baffling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bafflings
Senses: examples: text: […] the contrast of the one determined and still triumphant will of the man, with the transient and vain bafflings of winds or waves, of gods, or monsters […]
ref: 1831, The Quarterly Review (London):
glosses: An act of foiling or thwarting.
zapping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈzæpɪŋ/
rhymes: -æpɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of zap
zapping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈzæpɪŋ/
rhymes: -æpɪŋ
Forms: form: zappings
Senses: examples: text: Then the inquiry heard the sound of the multiple Taser zappings, amplified for viewing by Braidwood, witnesses and spectators, including Dziekanski's mother.
ref: 2009 March 28, Linda Diebel, “The case of the deadly stapler”, in Toronto Star, archived from the original on 31 Mar 2009:
glosses: The act or result of being zapped.
coral reef
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coral reefs
Senses: glosses: A reef formed by compacted coral skeletons
Hyponyms: fringing reef
transclusion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: transclusions
Etymology: Coined by American information technologist, philosopher, and sociologist Ted Nelson in his book Literary Machines (1981). Probably from trans- + (in)clusion.
Senses: examples: text: Transclusion means that a thing can be in two places at once.
ref: 1990 September, Ted Nelson, “On the Xanadu Project”, in Byte, volume 15, number 9, →ISSN, page 298:
text: The MediaWiki parser processes an article in two stages. The first stage is called preprocessing and is mainly involved with the transclusion of templates and the expansion of the Wikitext.
ref: 2011, Hannes Dohrn, Dirk Riehle, “Design and implementation of the Sweble Wikitext parser: unlocking the structured data of Wikipedia”, in Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration (WikiSym '11), Mountain View, California: Association for Computing Machinery, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 72–81:
text: Transclusion has always been a key component of the vision of hypermedia, ever since its earliest days (Nelson 1965). The term was originally used to denote the inclusion, by referential addressing, of part of one document within another; […]
ref: 2012, Julie A. Jacko, editor, Human Computer Interaction Handbook, 3rd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 571:
text: Directives that use transclusion are treated specially by the compiler in that the contents of the directive's elements are removed and provided via a transclusion function before their compile function is called.
ref: 2014, Brad Dayley, Learning AngularJS, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 229:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: interpolation
glosses: The inclusion of part of one hypertext document in another one by means of reference rather than copying.
wikipedia: Literary Machines
Related terms: transclude
focuses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfəʊ.kə.sɪz/
ipa: /ˈfəʊ.kə.səz/
ipa: /ˈfoʊ.kə.sɪz/
ipa: /ˈfoʊ.kə.səz/
ipa: /ˈfəʉ.kə.sɪz/
Senses: glosses: plural of focus
focuses
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfəʊ.kə.sɪz/
ipa: /ˈfəʊ.kə.səz/
ipa: /ˈfoʊ.kə.sɪz/
ipa: /ˈfoʊ.kə.səz/
ipa: /ˈfəʉ.kə.sɪz/
Forms: form: focusses
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of focus
Flying V
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Flying Vs
Etymology: Brand name.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A wooden electric guitar with a futuristic shape.
glycosidic bond
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: glycosidic bonds
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any bond by reaction of the hemiacetal part of a saccharide and the hydroxyl group of another saccharide or an alcohol
glycosidic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From glycoside + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to a glycoside.
Derived terms: diglycosidic
endoglycosidic
exoglycosidic
glycosidic acid
glycosidically
glycosidic bond
interglycosidic
nonglycosidic
marbled polecat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: marbled polecats
Senses: glosses: Vormela peregusna, a polecat found from Eastern Europe to parts of China, with yellow and black markings on its back.
wikipedia: marbled polecat
Pogradec
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Albanian Pogradec, probably from an Eastern South Slavic language. See Macedonian Подградец (Podgradec), an old name of the city, from под (pod, “under, below”) + град (grad, “city, town”) + -ец (-ec), which refers to the ancient Illyrian settlement located on a hill northwest of the city.
Senses: glosses: A city in southeastern Albania, located on a narrow plain along the southwestern shore of Lake Ohrid; it is the seat of its eponymous municipality and municipal unit.
glosses: A municipality in the county of Korçë, Albania.
glosses: A municipal unit of the municipality of Pogradec in the county of Korçë, Albania.
Derived terms: Pogradecar
Pogradecare
Graz
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹɑːts/
rhymes: -ɑːts
Etymology: From German Graz, from Proto-Slavic *gordьcь (“small castle”), diminutive of *gordъ (“fortification”).
Senses: glosses: The capital of and largest city in the state of Styria, Austria, and the second-largest city in the country.
Innsbruck
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From the river Inn + Brücke (“bridge”).
Senses: glosses: The capital city of Tyrol, in western Austria.
actin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæktɪn/
Forms: form: actins
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”), based on the shape of the filament formed, + -in.
Senses: examples: 2012, Elaine N. Marieb & Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th ed., chapter 9 "Muscles and Muscle Tissue", page 281.
Actin has kidney-shaped polypeptide subunits, called globular actin or G actin, which bear the active sites to which the myosin heads attach during contraction.
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: One of the six isoforms of actin.
Derived terms: actinic
actinin
actinofibril
actinome
actomyosin
antiactin
fibroactin
isoactin
Related terms: conductin
myosin
eonism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈi.əˌnɪzəm/
Etymology: Coined in 1920 by the British physician and sexologist Havelock Ellis (1859–1939) after Chevalier d'Eon (1728–1810), a French diplomat, spy and soldier who presented as male for 49 years, then as a female for 33. Ellis had previously used the term sexo-aesthetic inversion.
Senses: examples: text: The chief of these intermediate sexual anomalies are: (1) physical hermaphroditism in its various stages; (2) gynandromorphism, or eunuchoidism, in which men possess characters resembling those of males who have been early castrated and women possess similarly masculine characters; (3) sexo-esthetic inversion, or Eonism (Hirschfeld's transvestism or cross-dressing), in which, outside the specifically sexual emotions, men possess the tastes of women and women those of men.
ref: 1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6):
text: Ellis seems, however, to regard this 'less common but more complete' type as embodying the essence of eonism, and he objected to the term transvestism because it focused attention solely on the element of cross-dressing.
ref: 2006, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The Transgender Phenomenon, SAGE Publishing, page 63:
text: 2013, C. N. Armstrong, 12: Transvestism, D. Robertson Smith, William M. Davidson (editors), Symposium on Nuclear Sex, Elsevier (Butterworth-Heinemann), page 88,
Homosexuals do not as a rule want to change their sex and identity. This is the fundamental anomaly in eonism.
topics: lifestyle
sexology
sexuality
glosses: The pretence of being the opposite sex, especially that by a man of being a woman; transvestism.
wikipedia: Chevalier d'Eon
Havelock Ellis
Derived terms: eonist
Related terms: non-binary
transgender
suppresses
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of suppress
antitussives
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of antitussive
phenobarbital
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfiː.nə(ʊ)ˈbɑː.bɪt.əl/
ipa: /ˌfɛn.ə(ʊ)ˈbɑː.bɪt.əl/
ipa: /ˌfiː.noʊˈbɑɹ.bəˌtɔl/
Forms: form: phenobarbitals
form: phenobarbitone
Etymology: From pheno- + barbital.
Senses: examples: text: In trans-human state / It's time to evacuate / Waiting for a ride to take them to the gate / Await the siren call / More phenobarbital / Pour it down the hatch, ingest it all
ref: 2020, “Children of the Next Level”, in Titans of Creation, performed by Testament:
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: A narcotic and sedative barbiturate drug used chiefly to treat epilepsy.
Synonyms: purple heart
Derived terms: methylphenobarbital
sodium thiopental
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: Thiopental.
purple heart
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: purple hearts
Etymology: From the color of the pills.
Senses: glosses: The drug phenobarbitone when taken recreationally.
examples: text: Detective Peter Goodall said the source of the tablets had not been traced. "Purple heart" or drinamyl tablets, were a stimulant drug and habit-forming.
ref: 1963 March 27, “Drug pills eaten like sweets, says detective”, in The Guardian:
text: And every penny she had / Was spent on purple hearts and cigarettes
ref: 1972, Ray Davies, “Big Black Smoke”, performed by The Kinks:
text: We were all coming down from taking purple hearts, the fashionable uppers of the period.
ref: 2012, Pete Townshend, Who I Am, HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 245:
glosses: A drinamyl tablet when taken recreationally, popular in the 1960s.
Purple Heart
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Purple Hearts
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A US military decoration awarded in the name of the President of the United States to those wounded or killed while serving on or after 5 April 1917.
flunitrazepam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌflu.nəˈtɹæz.əˌpæm/
ipa: /ˌflu.naɪˈtɹæz.əˌpæm/
ipa: /ˌfluː.nʌɪˈtɹeɪ.zɪ.pam/
ipa: /ˌfluː.nʌɪˈtɹaz.ɪ.pam/
Etymology: From flu(oro)- + nitr- + -azepam. First use appears c. 1973 in the South African Medical Journal.
Senses: topics: chemistry
medicine
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
pharmacology
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: word: Rohypnol
english: brand name
translation: brand name
word: roofie
word: Rufalin
glosses: A short-acting benzodiazepine derivative with relatively long-lasting sedative effects, used as a hypnotic and as a premedication for anesthesia; 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, C₁₆H₁₂FN₃O₃.
wikipedia: South African Medical Journal
binomial theorem
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: (x+y)⁴;=;x⁴,+,4x³ʸ,+,6x²y²,+,4xy³,+,y⁴.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A formula giving the expansion of a binomial such as (a+b) raised to any positive integer power, i.e. (a+b)ⁿ. It's possible to expand the power into a sum of terms of the form axᵇyᶜ where the coefficient of each term is a positive integer. For example
Pascal's triangle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Pascal's triangles
Etymology: From Blaise Pascal French mathematician.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A geometric representation of the binomial coefficients in a triangle, each entry being the sum of the two entries above.
lotacracy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Urdu لوٹاکریسی, from لوٹا (loṭā, “lota”), + -cracy; the lota is a water pot with a shape such that it falls over very easily. The term was coined in Pakistan in the early 1990s.
Senses: examples: text: The opposition members chanted slogans against the turncoats and termed the speaker’s attitude as partial. To them the speaker was promoting 'lotacracy' in the province, prompting them to chant 'go Speaker go', and 'lota speaker'.
ref: 2005 June 10, Raja Riaz, The Nation, archived from the original on 03 Dec 2007:
glosses: A political environment in which politicians have a tendency to switch loyalties frequently for personal gain.
speech pathologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: speech pathologists
Senses: glosses: A therapist who treats disorders of speech, language, swallowing, or voice; a specialist in speech pathology.
Related terms: laryngology
vocology
baiji
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbaɪd͡ʒi/
Forms: form: baijis
form: baiji
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 白鱀豚 /白𬶨豚 (báijìtún).
Senses: examples: text: In 2006, he made a research trip to China to look for the baiji, also known as the Yangtze River dolphin. He and his colleagues searched the legendary river’s entire 1,700-kilometer main channel, twice. They counted nearly 20,000 large shipping vessels and more than a thousand fishing boats, but no river dolphins. At the end of their quest, they declared that the species was likely extinct, a conclusion now widely supported. For all the terrible harm that humans have done to cetaceans, drastically reducing their abundance and range, the baiji was the first of them that we ever completely extinguished. It happened in the 21st century.
ref: 2021 March 30, J. B. MacKinnon, “An Entire Group of Whales Has Somehow Escaped Human Attention”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: A freshwater dolphin (†Lipotes vexillifer), only found in the Yangtze River, and declared functionally extinct in 2006.
Synonyms: Chinese river dolphin
Chinese white dolphin
whitefin dolphin
Yangtze dolphin
Yangtze River dolphin
baiji
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbaɪd͡ʒi/
Etymology: From Mandarin 白芨 (báijī).
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of bai ji.
MBTA
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: qualifier: transit
glosses: Initialism of Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
baijis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of baiji
railings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of railing
railings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: railing (a horizontal rail with vertical supports)
remedied
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of remedy
MAN
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: MANs
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Initialism of Metropolitan Area Network, a large computer network usually spanning a city.
MAN
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Man
form: Man.
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of Manitoba: a province of Canada.
envoys
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of envoy
sarsen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɑː(ɹ)sən/
Forms: form: sarsens
Etymology: From Saracen (“Muslim”), by extension, “non-Christian, pagan”.
Senses: examples: text: The stones, called sarsens, came from the nearby Marlborough Downs, and all are naturally shaped.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 42, concerning Avebury:
text: The study pinpointed the source of the sarsens, a mystery that has long bedeviled geologists and archaeologists.
ref: 2020 July 29, Franz Lidz, “Whence Came Stonehenge’s Stones? Now We Know”, in New York Times:
synonyms: greywether
Saracen's stone
Saracen stone
Sarsden
Sarsden stone
sarsen stone
glosses: Any of various blocks of sandstone found in various locations in southern England.
Related terms: bluestone
sex tourism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Travel to another country for the purpose of sexual intercourse with prostitutes or for the purpose of engaging in sex acts which are prohibited in one's home jurisdiction.
Derived terms: child sex tourism
Related terms: sex tourist