cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
nominative
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: nŏm'ĭnətĭv
enpr: nŏm'nətĭv
ipa: /ˈnɒmɪnətɪv/
ipa: /ˈnɒmnətɪv/
Forms: form: nominatives
Etymology: From Middle English nominatyf, either via Old French nominatif or directly from Latin nōminātīvus (“pertaining to naming, nominative”).
Senses: glosses: The nominative case.
glosses: A noun in the nominative case.
indefinite article
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: indefinite articles
Senses: examples: text: The English Indefinite Article, "a" or "an", is more frequently used that the Italian Indefinite Article, "un", "uno", "una".
ref: 1884, Napoleone Perini, “On the Use of the Indefinite Article”, in An Italian Conversation Grammar, page 98:
text: In the indefinite article, we must note the plural in i, due to the influence of the plural li of the definite article[.]
ref: 1921, Harry Egerton Ford, “Part II. Morphology”, in Modern Provençal Phonology and Morphology:
text: The main literary dialect of ancient Greek ... has a definite article, but no indefinite article.
ref: 2018, Kory Stamper, Word by Word, page 28:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A word preceding a noun to indicate that the noun refers to any member of the class of objects named by the noun.
Hypernyms: article
indefinite pronoun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: indefinite pronouns
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A pronoun that does not specify the identity of its referent.
subordinating conjunction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: subordinating conjunctions
Senses: examples: Near-synonym: subordinator
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
hypernyms: conjunction
coordinate_terms: coordinating conjunction
;
coordinator
glosses: A word that appears at the beginning of a subordinate clause and establishes its nature.
subject
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: sŭbʹjĕkt
ipa: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/
ipa: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/
Forms: form: more subject
form: most subject
Etymology: From Middle English subget, from Old French suget, from Latin subiectus (“lying under or near, adjacent, also subject, exposed”), as a noun, subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”), as a calque of Ancient Greek ὑποκείμενον (hupokeímenon).
Senses: examples: text: a country subject to extreme heat
text: Menu listings and prices are subject to change.
text: He's subject to sneezing fits.
text: All human things are subject to decay.
ref: 1709, J[ohn] Dryden, J[ohn] Oldham, “(please specify the page)”, in Mac Flecknoe: A Poem. […] With Spencer’s Ghost: Being a Satyr Concerning Poetry. […], London: […] H[enry] Hills, […], →OCLC:
text: The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them[…]is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.[…]current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate[…]“stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.
ref: 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:
glosses: Likely to be affected by or to experience something; liable.
examples: text: The local board sets local policy, subject to approval from the State Board.
glosses: Conditional upon something; used with to.
examples: text: Long he them bore above the subject plain
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation.
examples: , Book I
Esau was never subject to Jacob.
glosses: Placed under the power of another; owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state.
Derived terms: fee simple subject to condition subsequent
fee simple subject to executory interest
fee simple subject to executory limitation
vested remainder subject to open
subject
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: sŭbʹjĕkt
ipa: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/
ipa: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/
enpr: səb-jĕktʹ
ipa: /səbˈd͡ʒɛkt/
ipa: /sʌbˈd͡ʒɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
enpr: sŭbʹjĕkt
ipa: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/
ipa: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/
Forms: form: subjects
form: subjecting
form: subjected
form: subjected
Etymology: From Medieval Latin subiectō, iterative of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”).
Senses: examples: text: I came here to buy souvenirs, not to be subjected to a tirade of abuse!
glosses: To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.
raw_tags: construed with to
glosses: To make subordinate or subservient; to subdue or enslave.
Synonyms: underbring
subject clause
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: subject clauses
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: a clause that is the subject of a sentence
intransitive verb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˌtɹænsətɪv ˈvɜːb/
ipa: /ɪnˌtɹænzətɪv ˈvɜːb/
Forms: form: intransitive verbs
Senses: examples: text: In the English language, ‘sleep’ is an intransitive verb.
text: “‘Feel’ is an intransitive verb in your sentence and is modified by an adjective.”
ref: 2003, Toni Morrison, Love, Vintage (2016), page 126:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: word: VI
coordinate_terms: transitive verb
ditransitive verb
intradirective verb
labile verb
glosses: An action verb which does not take a direct object.
irregular
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/
ipa: /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/
ipa: /ɪˈɹeɡ.jə.lə/
Forms: form: irregulars
Etymology: From Middle English irreguler, from Old French irreguler, from Medieval Latin or Late Latin irrēgulāris, from in- + regularis, equivalent to ir- + regular.
Senses: glosses: A soldier who is not a member of an official military force and who may not use regular army tactics.
examples: text: There's one neighborhood tavern where the regulars and irregulars go after a hard day to unlax and rewind, throw back a few, and just hang out - you know the one.
ref: 2015, Brian Cook, Hands Across The Sea, page 190:
glosses: One who does not regularly attend a venue.
Derived terms: Baker Street Irregular
negative clause
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: negative clauses
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: a clause that states a negative
simple present
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: simple presents
Etymology: From simple (“accompanied by no modal or auxiliary verb”) + present (“current time”).
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: present simple
present indefinite
glosses: The present tense; a verb or sentence in this tense.
present continuous
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A tense that describes an ongoing action in the present. In English it is formed by use of a form of be with a present participle.
Synonyms: present progressive
Related terms: past continuous
present perfect continuous
present tense
future
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: note: r
enpr: fyo͞o'chə
ipa: /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈfju.t͡ʃɚ/
rhymes: -uːtʃə(ɹ)
Etymology: From Middle English future, futur, from Old French futur, from Latin futūrus, irregular future active participle of sum (“I am”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, be”). Cognate with Old English bēo (“I become, I will be, I am”). More at be. Displaced native Old English tōweard, which took on a different meaning as toward, and Middle English afterhede (“future”, literally “afterhood”) in the given sense.
Senses: examples: text: Future generations will either laugh or cry at our stupidity.
text: So this was my future home, I thought! Certainly it made a brave picture. I had seen similar ones fired-in on many a Heidelberg stein. Backed by towering hills,[…]a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.
ref: 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
text: It[The study] also attempts to predict the future progression of AI as it relates to new inventions.
ref: 2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 07 Feb 2019:
glosses: Having to do with or occurring in the future.
Synonyms: word: unborn
word: coming
word: future
word: hereafter
word: toward
Hyponyms: word: impending
word: subsequent
word: long term
word: near term
word: short term
Derived terms: futureness
future perfect
future simple
simple future
futurism
futurist
futuristic
futurity
retro future
Related terms: word: the future
conditional
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/
ipa: /kənˈdɪʃ.nəl/
Forms: form: conditionall
Etymology: From French conditionnel, from Old French condicionel, equivalent to condition + -al.
Senses: examples: text: I made my son a conditional promise: I would buy him a bike if he kept his room tidy.
text: Every covenant of God with man […] may justly be made (as in fact it is made) with this conditional punishment annexed and declared.
ref: 1753, William Warburton, The Character and Conduct of the Messengers:
glosses: Limited by a condition.
examples: text: "A implies B" is a conditional statement.
text: A conditional proposition is one which asserts the dependence of one categorical proposition on another.
ref: 1826, Richard Whately, Elements of Logic:
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Stating that one sentence is true if another is true.
examples: text: a conditional word, mode, or tense
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Expressing a condition or supposition.
Synonyms: word: conditioned
word: in logic
word: limited
word: relative
word: conditional
word: contingent
word: qualified
Hypernyms: word: dependent
word: limited
word: restricted
Hyponyms: word: probational
word: provisional
Derived terms: biconditional
conditional agreement
conditional assembly language
conditional baptism
conditional comment
conditional entropy
conditional fee
conditionalise
conditionalism
conditionalist
conditionality
conditionalize
conditionally
conditionalness
conditional operator
conditional perfect
conditional probability
conditional probability distribution
conditional proof
conditional sentence
conditional tense
conditional unconditional
inconditional
multiconditional
nonconditional
postconditional
pre-conditional
semiconditional
superlative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /suːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/
ipa: /sjuːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/
ipa: /suˈpɝː.lə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /supə(ɾ)leʈɪv/
Etymology: From Middle English superlatyf, from Old French superlatif, from Late Latin superlātīvus, from Latin superlātus (“carried above, over; extravagant, of hyperbole”), past participle of superfero (“carry over”), from super (“above”) + fero (“bear, carry”).
Senses: glosses: Having the power to carry something or someone above, over or beyond others.
examples: text: The Governor-General was entertaining at a civil banquet in the evening. He is reported as having made a “superlative speech, congratulating the Victorians on their loyalty; […].”
ref: 1894, Alexander Begg, History of British Columbia, page 509:
synonyms: above and beyond
exceptional
fabulous
extraordinary
superb
glosses: Exceptionally good; of the highest quality.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to the superlative degree (a degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs).
Derived terms: superlative degree
super-superlative
superlative
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /suːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/
ipa: /sjuːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/
ipa: /suˈpɝː.lə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /supə(ɾ)leʈɪv/
Forms: form: superlatives
Etymology: From Middle English superlatyf, from Old French superlatif, from Late Latin superlātīvus, from Latin superlātus (“carried above, over; extravagant, of hyperbole”), past participle of superfero (“carry over”), from super (“above”) + fero (“bear, carry”).
Senses: examples: text: A twist is accordingly something especially good, and a big twist is the superlative of excellence.
ref: 1966, Sidney John Baker, The Australian language:
synonyms: acme
apex
height
peak
zenith
glosses: The extreme (e.g. highest, lowest, deepest, farthest, etc) extent or degree of something.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: superlative degree
hypernyms: degree of comparison
glosses: The degree of comparison of an adjective or adverb used when comparing three or more entities in terms of a certain property or a certain way of doing something. In English, the superlative of superiority is formed by adding the suffix -est or the word most (e.g. tiniest, most fully); the superlative of inferiority, by adding the word least (e.g. least big, least fully).
examples: text: Daniel is amazing, wonderful, fantastic, and many other superlatives I can’t think of right now!
text: Sometimes it feels like there are no more superlatives left. Seriously, what else can be said about this little guy with the No 10 shirt and magic in his feet other than to ask, perhaps, whether there is anyone who wants to persist with the argument that Pelé, or Diego Maradona, or any of the others, have ever played this sport any better?
ref: 2019 May 1, Daniel Taylor, The Guardian:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: An adjective or adverb in the superlative degree.
Derived terms: absolute superlative
relative superlative
superlative of inferiority
superlative of superiority
super-superlative
Related terms: absolute
comparative
elative
neuter
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnjuːtə/
ipa: /ˈn(j)utɚ/
rhymes: -uːtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: neuters
form: neutering
form: neutered
form: neutered
form: n.
form: n
form: ntr
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English neutre, from Latin neuter, from ne (“not”) + uter (“whether”), a semantic loan from Koine Greek οὐδέτερος (oudéteros); compare English whether and neither.
Senses: glosses: To remove sex organs from an animal to prevent it from having offspring; to castrate or spay, particularly as applied to domestic animals.
examples: text: The neutering extends to Believe’s guest stars, with warm-and-fuzzy verses from Ludacris (“I love everything about you / You’re imperfectly perfect”), Big Sean (“I don’t know if this makes sense, but you’re my hallelujah”), Nicki Minaj (who at least squeaks a “bitches” into her verse), and especially Drake, whose desire to hug and kiss the object of his affection on “Right Here” is reminiscent of The Red Hot Chili Peppers on Krusty’s Comeback Special.
ref: 2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: To rid of sexuality.
examples: text: Congress neutered the bill by adding an exception for big corporations.
text: Here wrangling, bitty conflicts neutered change.
ref: 1974, John Boorman, Zardoz, London: Pan Books, page 51:
text: This collusion with the forces of corporate oppression neuters the press, Trump's critics and the Democratic Party.
ref: 2024 July 14, Chris Hedges, “My Thoughts On the Attempted Trump Assassination”, in The Chris Hedges Report:
glosses: To drastically reduce the effectiveness of something.
examples: text: At their religious services Am Tikva makes all attempts to de-genderize the liturgy by neutering English nouns and pronouns and, when Hebrew is used, by using both masculine and the feminine forms of the language.
ref: 1983 December 3, Warren Blumenfeld, “Am Tikva”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 20, page 7:
glosses: To make grammatically neuter.
Synonyms: castrate
desex
doctor
fix
spay
personal pronoun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: personal pronouns
Senses: examples: text: Mondays come with questions of couples
Where and with whom did you go?
Avoiding the personal pronoun
She hopes it doesn't show
Shopping with her lover in the city
Two women holding hands don't get a stare
If the kids at school knew what they do
Would they hate her? Why should they care?
ref: 1983, Fred Small, “Annie”, in The Heart of the Appaloosa:
glosses: A pronoun which, in English, refers to one or a combination of the following
glosses: A pronoun which, in English, refers to one or a combination of the following:
The person or people speaking. (first person)
glosses: A pronoun which, in English, refers to one or a combination of the following:
The person or people spoken to. (second person)
glosses: A pronoun which, in English, refers to one or a combination of the following:
Another person or group of people. (third person)
glosses: Any pronoun, with an antecedent, standing in as the subject or object of a verb.
Hypernyms: pronoun
Related terms: Wiktionary:English inflection
direct verb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: direct verbs
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A verb that agrees in person and number with the subject of a clause, by conjugation. Conjugation is a form of inflection.
ordinal number
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ordinal numbers
Senses: examples: text: First, second and third are the ordinal numbers corresponding to one, two and three.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A word that expresses the relative position of an item in a sequence.
examples: text: In the expression a₃, the "3" is an ordinal number.
topics: arithmetic
glosses: A natural number used to denote position in a sequence.
examples: text: 1950, Frederick Bagemihl (translator), Erich Kamke, Theory of Sets, Dover (Dover Phoenix), 2006, page 137,
For not only do the antinomies a) to e) disappear when we admit as elements of sets only such sets, ordinal numbers, and cardinal numbers as are bounded above by a fixed cardinal number, but we see also that paradoxes always arise if we collect into a set any sets, cardinal numbers, or ordinal numbers which are not bounded above by a fixed cardinal number.
text: 1960 [D. Van Nostrand], Paul R. Halmos, Naive Set Theory, 2017, Dover, Republication, page 80,
Is there a set that consists exactly of all the ordinal numbers? It is easy to see that the answer must be no. If there were such a set, then we could form the supremum of all ordinal numbers. That supremum would be an ordinal number greater than or equal to every ordinal number. Since, however, for each ordinal number there exists a strictly greater one (for example, its successor), this is impossible; it makes no sense to speak of the "set" of all ordinals.
text: If #92;alpha is an ordinal number, then by definition any two well-ordered sets of type #92;alpha are similar, i.e., there exists a one-to-one mapping from one set to the other. Consequently these sets have the same cardinality. Consequently to any ordinal number #92;alpha we may assign a cardinal number, the common cardinality of all well-ordered sets of type #92;alpha.
ref: 2009, Marek Kuczma, edited by Attila Gilányi, An Introduction to the Theory of Functional Equations and Inequalities, 2nd edition, Springer (Birkhäuser), page 10:
topics: mathematics
sciences
set-theory
glosses: Such a number generalised to correspond to any cardinal number (the size of some set); formally, the order type of some well-ordered set of some cardinality a, which represents an equivalence class of well-ordered sets (exactly those of cardinality a) under the equivalence relation "existence of an order-preserving bijection".
Synonyms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: ordinal
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: ordinal numeral
topics: arithmetic
word: ordinal
topics: order-theory
mathematics
sciences
word: ordinal
Coordinate terms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: cardinal number
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: distributive number
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: multiplier
Related terms: numeral
order type
zeroth
regular
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: regʹyo͝olər
ipa: /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə(ɹ)/
note: Indic
enpr: regʹ(y)o͝olər
ipa: /ˈrɛɡ.(j)ʊ.ləʳ/
note: Indic
enpr: regʹyələr
enpr: regʹlər
ipa: /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/
ipa: [ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ]
ipa: /ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ/
ipa: [ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ]
rhymes: -ɛɡjʊlə(ɹ)
rhymes: -ɛɡjələ(ɹ)
rhymes: -ɛɡələ(ɹ)
Forms: form: reg'lar
form: reg
form: reg.
Etymology: From Middle English reguler, from Anglo-Norman reguler, Middle French reguler, regulier, and their source, Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“move in a straight line”).
Senses: examples: text: 'And if the knowledge wasn'y well come by, why, you might ha' made up for it by coming to church reg'lar.'
ref: 1861, George Eliot, Silas Marner, London: Penguin Books, published 1967, page 131:
text: Though no minister would visit the Skerburnfoot, or, if he went, departed quicker than he came, the girl Ailie attended regular at the catechising at the mains of Sker.
ref: 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:
text: "There's only twenty men staying in the house regular," said Ahearne, showing him around[.]
ref: 1946, William Hatfield, Buffalo Jim, Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege, page 47:
text: "Drain her every thousand, regular. Don't do it myself, o' course; just drop her in at the lubritorium."
ref: 1961, Colin Thiele, The Sun on the Stubble, Melbourne: Rigby Limited, page 113:
text: "All we've got to do is stick 'em in the bedroom and feed 'em regular."
ref: 1988, Mary Steele, Mallyroot's Pub at Misery Ponds, Ringwood: Puffin Books, page 37:
glosses: Regularly, on a regular basis.
regular
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: regʹyo͝olər
ipa: /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə(ɹ)/
note: Indic
enpr: regʹ(y)o͝olər
ipa: /ˈrɛɡ.(j)ʊ.ləʳ/
note: Indic
enpr: regʹyələr
enpr: regʹlər
ipa: /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/
ipa: [ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ]
ipa: /ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ/
ipa: [ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ]
rhymes: -ɛɡjʊlə(ɹ)
rhymes: -ɛɡjələ(ɹ)
rhymes: -ɛɡələ(ɹ)
Forms: form: regulars
form: reg'lar
form: reg
form: reg.
Etymology: From Middle English reguler, from Anglo-Norman reguler, Middle French reguler, regulier, and their source, Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“move in a straight line”).
Senses: glosses: A member of the British Army (as opposed to a member of the Territorial Army or Reserve).
examples: text: Bartenders usually know their regulars by name.
glosses: A frequent, routine visitor to an establishment.
glosses: A member of the armed forces or police force.
examples: text: Boss, this is the situation. They were regulars in the army. They’ve left the army and are taxi drivers now. He was a commando and he was a state boxer. They don’t earn much and there’s no end.
ref: 2004, Ong Lay Jinn, 00:24:49 from the start, in Perth: The Geylang Massacre:
glosses: A member of the armed forces or police force.
Synonym of regular serviceman; a soldier in the Singapore Armed Forces who has chosen to work full-time beyond their required length of service in the army.
synonyms: word: regular serviceman
extra: a soldier in the Singapore Armed Forces who has chosen to work full-time beyond their required length of service in the army
examples: text: This gentleman was one of the architect's regulars.
glosses: A frequent customer, client or business partner.
glosses: A coffee with one cream and one sugar.
examples: text: You separate the marbles by color until you have four groups, but then you notice that some of the marbles are regulars, some are shooters, and some are peewees.
ref: 2011, Jamie MacLennan, ZhaoHui Tang, Bogdan Crivat, Data Mining with Microsoft SQL Server 2008:
glosses: Anything that is normal or standard.
glosses: A member of a religious order who has taken the three ordinary vows.
glosses: A number for each year, giving, added to the concurrents, the number of the day of the week on which the Paschal full moon falls.
glosses: A fixed number for each month serving to ascertain the day of the week, or the age of the moon, on the first day of any month.
Synonyms: sense: routine visitor
word: frequenter
sense: routine visitor
word: habitué
sense: routine visitor
word: patron
sense: routine visitor
word: usual suspects
compound sentence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: compound sentences
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').
Coordinate terms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: simple sentence
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: complex sentence
stem
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: stĕm
ipa: /stɛm/
rhymes: -ɛm
Forms: form: stems
form: stemming
form: stemmed
form: stemmed
Etymology: From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).
Senses: examples: text: to stem cherries; to stem tobacco leaves
glosses: To remove the stem from.
examples: text: The current crisis stems from the short-sighted politics of the previous government.
text: Weight stigma often stems from an idea that patients are at fault for their body size.
ref: 2023 June 2, H Conley, “Studies show top surgery is safe for fat patients, but some surgeons still mandate weight loss”, in STAT:
glosses: To be caused or derived; to originate.
glosses: To descend in a family line.
examples: text: Nor is the pre-eminent tremendousness of the great Sperm Whale anywhere more feelingly comprehended, than on board of those prows which stem him.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 41, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 199:
glosses: To direct the stem (of a ship) against; to make headway against.
examples: text: As when two warlike Brigandines at sea, / With murdrous weapons arm'd to cruell fight, / Doe meete together on the watry lea, / They stemme ech other with so fell despight, / That with the shocke of their owne heedlesse might, / Their wooden ribs are shaken nigh a sonder […]
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.ii:
glosses: To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram.
glosses: To ram (clay, etc.) into a blasting hole.
Synonyms: sense: to originate, spring
word: to be due to
sense: to originate, spring
word: to arise from
stem
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: stĕm
ipa: /stɛm/
rhymes: -ɛm
Forms: form: stems
form: stemming
form: stemmed
form: stemmed
Etymology: From Middle English stemmen, a borrowing from Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”) (whence Danish stemme/stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Cognate with German stemmen, Middle Dutch stemmen, stempen. Compare stammer.
Senses: examples: text: to stem a tide
text: [They] stem the flood with their erected breasts.
ref: 1636 (date written), John Denham, “The Destruction of Troy, an Essay upon the Second Book of Virgils Æneis”, in Poems and Translations, with The Sophy, London: […] [John Macock] for H[enry] Herringman […], published 1668, →OCLC:
text: Stemm'd the wild torrent of a barbarous age.
ref: 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:
glosses: To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood).
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
skiing
sports
glosses: To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn.
glosses: In rock climbing, to use a stance with the feet spread apart, bracing them in opposite directions against the two walls of a chimney or dihedral.
stem
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: stĕm
ipa: /stɛm/
rhymes: -ɛm
Forms: form: stems
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of steem.
stem
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: stĕm
ipa: /stɛm/
rhymes: -ɛm
Forms: form: stems
Etymology: Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics.
Senses: examples: text: Stem (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields are a particular cause for concern because within them there are more pronounced stereotypes, extreme competitiveness and gender inequities regarding the abilities and competencies of black male and female students.
ref: 2015 May 29, BBC News, How do US black students perform at school?:
glosses: Alternative form of STEM.
stem
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: stĕm
ipa: /stɛm/
rhymes: -ɛm
Forms: form: stems
Etymology: Blend of stud + femme
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of stemme (“lesbian who combines stud and femme traits”).
tense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: tĕns
ipa: /tɛns/
rhymes: -ɛns
Forms: form: tenses
Etymology: From Middle English tens, from Old French tens (modern French temps), from Latin tempus. Doublet of tempo and tempus.
Senses: examples: text: Dyirbal verbs are not inflected for tense.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The property of indicating the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs or exists.
examples: text: English only has a past tense and a non-past tense; it has no future tense.
text: In ſo moche that if any verbe be of the thyꝛde coniugation
 I ſet out all his rotes and tenſes[…]
ref: 1530 July 18, Iohan Palſgrave, “The Introduction”, in Leſclarciſſement de la langue francoyſe […] , London: Richard Pynſon, Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, page 32; reprinted as Lesclarcissement de la langue françoyse, Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 1972:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A grammatical aspect.
examples: text: The "simple present" tense in English can have several meanings.
text: The Spanish teacher told the student to use the imperfect tense instead of the preterite tense.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A verb form or construction indicating a combination of tense, aspect, and mood.
Derived terms: absolute tense
aorist tense
compound tense
conditional tense
continuous tense
future tense
hodiernal tense
imperfect tense
past historic tense
past imperfect tense
past tense
perfect tense
pluperfect tense
present tense
preterite tense
primary tense
progressive tense
relative tense
secondary tense
simple tense
supine tense
tensal
Related terms: See: Category:en:Tenses
tense
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: tĕns
ipa: /tɛns/
rhymes: -ɛns
Forms: form: tenses
form: tensing
form: tensed
form: tensed
Etymology: From Middle English tens, from Old French tens (modern French temps), from Latin tempus. Doublet of tempo and tempus.
Senses: examples: tensing a verb
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: To apply a tense to.
tense
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: tĕns
ipa: /tɛns/
rhymes: -ɛns
Forms: form: tenser
form: tensest
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin tēnsus, one form of the past participle of tendō (“stretch”).
Senses: examples: text: You need to relax, all this overtime and stress is making you tense.
text: "Attention," the tense man called out in Greek. "This is Lieutenant Kazamakis of the Cypriot Provisional Guard. You will immediately surrender all weapons and slowly come down the stairs, hands above your head." No answer.
ref: 2009 October 21, Richard Steinberg, The 4 Phase Man: A Novel, Bantam, →ISBN:
text: "There's no one in the house," Sahas cut him off quickly. "Actually[,] I have sent them away. I thought that only the two of us should share the special surprise." He gave a tense smile.
ref: 2018 February 10, Ratna Chandu,, For a Girl in a Star, Sristhi Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN:
synonyms: stressed
unrelaxed
taut
glosses: Showing signs of stress or strain; not relaxed.
examples: text: Chi stops, but her eyes continue to pierce right through me and into Karima. A tense moment later, she drops her eyes back to the terminal and scans the data once more. The showdown is over, at least for the moment.
ref: 2022 June 16, Marc B. DeGeorge, A Call to the Sky, MuseMarc Studio LLC, →ISBN:
glosses: Characterized by strain (on the nerves, emotions, etc). (Compare charged.)
glosses: Pulled taut, without any slack.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
glosses: Produced with relative constriction of the vocal tract.
raw_tags: of a vowel
Derived terms: hypertense
tense vowel
Related terms: tend
tension
tent
intense
tense
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: tĕns
ipa: /tɛns/
rhymes: -ɛns
Forms: form: tenses
form: tensing
form: tensed
form: tensed
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin tēnsus, one form of the past participle of tendō (“stretch”).
Senses: glosses: To make tense.
examples: text: The driver and the man shouted angrily at each other and I tensed, ready for violence. But soon everyone in the tap-tap joined in, capping remarks, joking, telling chicken and goat stories.
ref: 1983 December 24, Andrea Loewenstein, “"What's Freedom Without Food In Your Stomach?" — A Trip to Haiti”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 23, page 8:
glosses: To become tense.
Derived terms: tense up
degrees of comparison
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of degree of comparison
interjection
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪn.təˈdʒɛk.ʃən/
enpr: ĭn'tər.jĕkʹshən
ipa: /ˌɪn.tɚˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/
rhymes: -ɛkʃən
Forms: form: interjections
Etymology: From Middle English interjeccioun, from Old French interjection (13th century), from Latin interiectiōnem, accusative singular of interiectiō (“throwing or placing between; interjection”), perfect passive participle of intericiō (“throw or place between”), from inter (“between”) + iaciō (“throw”). Displaced Old English betwēoxāworpennes (literally “between-thrown-out-ness”), a calque of the Latin.
Senses: examples: text: 322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
ref: 1844, E. A. Andrews, First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, 6th edition, Boston, page 91:
text: Some evidence confirming our suspicions that topicalised and dislocated constituents occupy different sentence positions comes from Greenberg (1984). He notes that in colloquial speech the interjection man can occur after dislocated constituents, but not after topicalised constituents: cf.
 (21) (a) Bill, man, I really hate him (dislocated NP)
 (21) (b) ^✽Bill, man, I really hate (topicalised NP)
ref: 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 10, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 533:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: An exclamation or filled pause; a word or phrase with no particular grammatical relation to a sentence, often an expression of emotion.
examples: text: Mnuchin, asked about climate change in a CNBC interview after his comments about Thunberg, argued there were bigger issues that also needed to be addressed. When a host noted clean air rules as an example of something that might be more urgent, Mnuchin ignored the interjection.
ref: 2020 January 23, Philip Bump, “Mnuchin said Thunberg needed to study economics before offering climate proposals. So we talked to an economist.”, in Washington Post:
glosses: An interruption; something interjected
Synonyms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: exclamation
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: interj
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: interj.
raw_tags: used in dictionaries
sense: interruption
word: insertion
sense: interruption
word: interpolation
sense: interruption
word: intercalation
Derived terms: interjectionary
interjection point
note of interjection
Related terms: interject
interjectional
interjectory
vocative
ending
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛndɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛndɪŋ
Forms: form: endings
Etymology: From Middle English endyng, endinge, endunge, from Old English endung, ġeendung (“ending”), equivalent to end + -ing. Cognate with Dutch ending (“ending”), German Endung (“ending”).
Senses: glosses: A termination or conclusion.
examples: text: The book has a happy ending.
text: The film has an unexpected ending.
text: Modern romance, like Greek tragedy, celebrates the mystery of dismemberment, which is life in time. The happy ending is justly scorned as a misrepresentation; for the world, as we know it, as we have seen it, yields but one ending: death, disintegration, dismemberment, and the crucifixion of our heart with the passing of the forms that we have loved.
ref: 1968, Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, 2nd edition, London: Fontana Press, published 1993, page 25:
glosses: The last part of something.
examples: text: Spanish verb forms have different endings depending on the tense, mood and person.
text: Using diachronic evidence from Swedish, I will show that inflectional endings may be maintained as “less cumulative” inflections, or even degrammaticalize into a derivational suffix or a clitic.
ref: 2002, Ilse Wischer, Gabriele Diewald, New Reflections on Grammaticalization, John Benjamins Publishing, →ISBN, page 45:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The last morpheme of a word, added to some base to make an inflected form (such as -s in "dogs").
Synonyms: sense: termination or conclusion
word: conclusion
sense: termination or conclusion
word: end
sense: termination or conclusion
word: termination
sense: last part of something
word: end
sense: last part of something
word: finale
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: termination
topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: suffix
Derived terms: bad ending
case ending
double-ending
Elam ending
endingless
fairy-tale ending
fairytale ending
feminine ending
good beginning makes a good ending
good ending
happy ending
harem ending
Hollywood ending
masculine ending
nerve ending
never-ending
true ending
world ending
world-ending
zero ending
ending
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛndɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛndɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English ending, endyng, endende, from Old English endiende, from Proto-Germanic *andijōndz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *andijōną (“to end”), equivalent to end + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of end
declension
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈklɛn.ʃən/
Forms: form: declensions
Etymology: From Middle English declenson, from Middle French declinaison (Modern French: déclinaison), from Latin dēclīnātiō. Doublet of declination.
Senses: examples: text: Refinement of feeling, intellectual tastes, and a noble hospitality, were among the features of his character; and hoary years brought no mental declension, and drew no shade over the ardent affections by which he was distinguished, and in whose reciprocity, was his undeclining solace.
ref: 1845, Lydia Sigourney, Scenes in my Native Land, The Great Oak of Geneseo, page 86:
text: The custom of rolling a burning wheel down a hill […] might well pass for an imitation of the sun's course in the sky, and the imitation would be especially appropriate on Midsummer Day when the sun's annual declension begins.
ref: 1890, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 268:
glosses: A falling off, decay or descent.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The act of declining a word; the act of listing the inflections of a noun, pronoun or adjective in order.
examples: text: a page full of declensions
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The product of that act; a list of declined forms.
examples: text: In Latin, 'amicus' belongs to the second declension. Most second-declension nouns end in '-i' in the genitive singular and '-um' in the accusative singular.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A way of categorizing nouns, pronouns, or adjectives according to the inflections they receive.
Synonyms: declination
Hypernyms: flection
flexion
inflection
inflexion
accidence
Hyponyms: first declension
fourth declension
mixed declension
second declension
strong declension
third declension
weak declension
Coordinate terms: conjugation
Derived terms: declense
declensed
declensional
declensionism
declensionist
double declension
Related terms: misdecline
comparative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/
enpr: kəmʹpăr-ə-tĭv
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/
Forms: form: more comparative
form: most comparative
Etymology: From Middle English comparatif, from Middle French comparatif, from Latin comparātīvus, equivalent to comparātus, from comparāre (“to compare”) + -ive, from Latin -īvus.
Senses: examples: text: He gave us a comparative example to illustrate how the human mind works.
text: that kind of animals that have the comparative faculty, by which they compare things together, deliberate and resolve.
ref: 1773, James Burnett, Of the Origin and Progress of Language:
glosses: Of or relating to comparison.
examples: text: A comparative study between Homo Sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.
text: comparative anatomy
text: After all, it is undeniable that the B.R. standard coach scored highly in comparative trials with other European railway vehicles on the Continent a few years ago, so that B.R. civil engineers must share responsibility for any defects in its behaviour over here.
ref: 1960 December, “Talking of Trains: The riding of B.R. coaches”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 705–706:
glosses: Using comparison as a method of study, or founded on something using it.
examples: text: The Olympics, the weather and a comparative lack of heavyweight clashes so far this season have been cited as reasons for the drop in viewers.
ref: 2016 October 24, Owen Gibson, “Is the unthinkable happening – are people finally switching the football off?”, in The Guardian, London:
text: The recurrence of comparative warmth and cold.
ref: 1837, William Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences:
text: This bubble, […] by reason of its comparative levity to the fluid that encloses it, would necessarily ascend to the top.
ref: 1692, Richard Bentley, A Confutation of Atheism:
glosses: Approximated by comparison; relative.
examples: text: And need he had of slumber yet, for none / Had suffered more—his hardships were comparative / To those related in my grand-dad's Narrative.
ref: 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.137:
glosses: Comparable; bearing comparison.
Derived terms: word: comparatist
word: comparatively
word: comparativeness
word: comparativism
word: comparativist
word: comparativistic
word: macrocomparative
word: noncomparative
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative advantage
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative anatomy
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative case
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative degree
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative ethics
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative illusion
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative linguist
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative linguistics
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative literature
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative method
sense: Multiword terms
word: comparative superlative
comparative
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/
enpr: kəmʹpăr-ə-tĭv
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/
Forms: form: comparatives
Etymology: From Middle English comparatif, from Middle French comparatif, from Latin comparātīvus, equivalent to comparātus, from comparāre (“to compare”) + -ive, from Latin -īvus.
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: comparative degree
hypernyms: degree of comparison
glosses: The degree of comparison of an adjective or adverb used when comparing two entities in terms of a certain property or a certain way of doing something. In English, the comparative of superiority is formed by adding the suffix -er or the word more (e.g. bigger, more fully); the comparative of equality, by adding the word as (e.g. as big, as fully); the comparative of inferiority, by adding the word less (e.g. less big, less fully).
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: An adjective or adverb in the comparative degree.
examples: text: Investment ratios are positive. Comparative or trend data are required to draw final conclusions. The absence of comparatives and trend data constrains the conclusions.
ref: 2010, Barry Smith, Introductory Financial Accounting and Reporting, page 171:
glosses: Data used to make a comparison.
examples: text: Gerrard ever was / His full comparative.
ref: c. 1608–1613, Nathan Field, John Fletcher, “Four Playes, or Morall Representations, in One”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act ,:
glosses: An equal; a rival; a compeer.
examples: text: Every beardless vain comparative.
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 67:
glosses: One who makes comparisons; one who affects wit.
Derived terms: absolute comparative
comparative of equality
comparative of inferiority
comparative of superiority
Related terms: absolute superlative
relative superlative
comparative superlative
contrastive
elative
Castilian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈstɪljən/
Etymology: From Castile + -ian as a calque of Spanish castellano (“Of or related to Castile, Spain, or the Spanish language”). Doublet of castellano, castellanus, castellan, and chatelain.
Senses: synonyms: Castilian Spanish
glosses: The Castilian dialect of Spanish, often (especially historically) considered the prestige dialect of Spanish.
qualifier: inexact
glosses: Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.
synonyms: word: Spanish
extra: the language of Spain and its former colonies
Castilian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈstɪljən/
Forms: form: Castilians
Etymology: From Castile + -ian as a calque of Spanish castellano (“Of or related to Castile, Spain, or the Spanish language”). Doublet of castellano, castellanus, castellan, and chatelain.
Senses: glosses: A native of Castile.
Castilian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈstɪljən/
Etymology: From Castile + -ian as a calque of Spanish castellano (“Of or related to Castile, Spain, or the Spanish language”). Doublet of castellano, castellanus, castellan, and chatelain.
Senses: glosses: Of, from, or relating to Castile.
Spaniard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspæn.jəd/
ipa: /ˈspæn.jɚd/
Forms: form: Spaniards
form: Spaynard
form: Spanyard
Etymology: From Middle English Spaignarde, from Old French Espaignard, from Espaigne. Equivalent to Spain + -ard.
Senses: glosses: A person from Spain or of Spanish descent.
Related terms: Spain
spaniel
Spanish
Spanishisation
Spanishization
Spanishise
Spanishize
Spanishness
Hispanic
Hispanicisation
Hispanicization
Hispanicise
Hispanicize
Hispanicism
Hispanicity
Hispanist
Hispano
Hispano-
hispano-
Hispanophile
Hispanophilia
Hispanophilic
Hispanophobe
Hispanophobia
Hispanophobic
Hispanophone
Hispanophone Caribbean
Hispanophonia