cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
ret
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: rets
form: retting
form: retted
form: retted
Etymology: From Middle English retten, reten; perhaps from Middle Dutch rēten, reeten (compare Middle Low German rōten; Middle High German rōzen), or from Old Norse reyta (compare Norwegian røyta, Swedish röta); all from Proto-Germanic *rautijaną (“to make mellow or soft”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewd- (“to tear; rend; rip”). Related to rot.
Senses: examples: text: the hemp was retted / and soon the retting was done / and swiftly it was hung up / and hurriedly it was dried […].
ref: 1989, Elias Lönnrot, translated by Keith Bosley, The Kalevala, section XLVIII:
text: the lowland nearly silent except for water-thrushes, the harvested fields, the smell of hops being dried in kilns, flax pulled up and piled in sheaves, in local practice not to be retted till the spring
ref: 2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 621:
glosses: To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem.
Derived terms: retter
ret
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: ret.
form: retd
Etymology: Abbreviation.
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of retired.
ret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: rets
Senses: topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: Clipping of reiteration.
retted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more retted
form: most retted
Etymology: From ret + -ed.
Senses: glosses: Moistened or soaked to soften.
revet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ɛt
Forms: form: revets
form: revetting
form: revetted
form: revetted
Etymology: From French revêtir (“to reclothe”).
Senses: glosses: To face (an embankment, etc.) with masonry, wood, or other material.
rhesus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːsəs/
rhymes: -iːsəs
Forms: form: rhesuses
Etymology: From New Latin rhēsus, arbitrary formation from Latin Rhēsus, from Ancient Greek Ῥῆσος (Rhêsos), mythical Thracian king.
Senses: glosses: A macaque monkey native to southern and southeastern Asia; Macaca mulatta.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Alternative form of Rhesus.
Synonyms: rhesus macaque
rhesus monkey
bhunder
ribose
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɹaɪbəʊz/
Forms: form: riboses
Etymology: From German Ribose, formed from Ribonsäure, the first element of which comes from a rearrangement of English arabinose.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A naturally occurring pentose sugar, which is a component of the nucleosides and nucleotides that constitute the nucleic acid biopolymer, RNA. It is also found in riboflavin.
Derived terms: ADP-ribose
ribose nucleic acid
Related terms: RNA
ribonucleic acid
nucleoside
nucleotide
ricer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -aɪsə(ɹ)
Forms: form: ricers
Etymology: From rice + -er.
Senses: examples: text: He opened the cashbox and counted out the money, and Martin handed it on to one of the ricers.
"Where are you guys ricing tomorrow?" he said.
"Down in the Refuge," the ricer with the money said.
ref: 1967, The New Yorker, Volume 43, Part 6, page 41:
text: In exchange for use of a buyer's boat, the ricers were to sell what they harvested exclusively to him.
ref: 1988, Thomas Vennum, Wild Rice and the Ojibway People, page 229:
text: There are also lots of ricers. By two weeks into ricing season, Native Harvest bought from 30 or 40 ricers.
ref: 1999 September 19, Winona LaDuke, Under the Wild Rice Moon, Minneapolis Star Tribune, reprinted in 2002, The Winona LaDuke Reader: A Collection of Essential Writings, page 30
glosses: A person, especially a Native American, who cultivates and harvests rice.
examples: text: He cooked a roast, made applesauce with the ricer and used every size pan he could find to cook vegetables.
ref: 2007, Patricia Webster Stewart, Stuck in My Own Family Tree, page 25:
text: Ricers can also be used for mashing other root vegetables, as well as starchy ones like broad (fava) beans and peas.
ref: 2008, Leanne Kitchen, The Greengrocer, page 14:
text: Passing cooked chunks through a basic, inexpensive handheld ricer maximizes their texture, which is less starchy than their russet brethren, and makes a soft, dry pile that simply stirs into creamy, smooth mounds.
ref: 2013, Tara Mataraza Desmond, Choosing Sides: From Holidays to Every Day, 130 Delicious Recipes to Make the Meal, unnumbered page:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
synonyms: potato ricer
coordinate_terms: potato masher
garlic press
glosses: A utensil used to extrude soft foods (especially, cooked potato) through holes about the diameter of a grain of rice.
synonyms: rice burner
glosses: An automobile, especially one imported from an Oriental country, deemed inferior or cheap, that has been modified with after-market parts in order to appear more powerful or sporty.
glosses: A person who drives such an automobile.
Related terms: rice
rick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: ricks
form: ruck
Etymology: From Middle English *rykke, from Old English hrycce (“rick, heap, pile”), cognate with Scots ruk (“rick”), Norwegian ruka (“rick, haystack”). Related also to Old English hrēac (“rick, stack”), from Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”). Further relations: Dutch rook, Icelandic hraukur, Irish cruach. Doublet of croagh.
Senses: examples: text: There is a remnant still of last year's golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals beyond the hedgerows;[…].
ref: 1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 53, in Adam Bede […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:
text: It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the back turned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.
ref: 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:
glosses: Straw, hay etc. stored in a stack for winter fodder, commonly protected with thatch.
glosses: A stack of wood, especially cut to a regular length; also used as a measure of wood, typically four by eight feet.
Derived terms: hayrick
rickburner
rick cloth
rick
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: ricks
form: ricking
form: ricked
form: ricked
form: ruck
Etymology: From Middle English *rykke, from Old English hrycce (“rick, heap, pile”), cognate with Scots ruk (“rick”), Norwegian ruka (“rick, haystack”). Related also to Old English hrēac (“rick, stack”), from Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”). Further relations: Dutch rook, Icelandic hraukur, Irish cruach. Doublet of croagh.
Senses: glosses: To heap up (hay, etc.) in ricks.
rick
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: ricks
form: ricking
form: ricked
form: ricked
Etymology: From earlier wrick, from Middle English wricken, wrikken (“to move back and forth”), probably from Middle Dutch *verwricken or Middle Low German vorwricken. Cognate with West Frisian wrikke, wrikje, Dutch wrikken, Low German wricken, German wricken, Danish vrikke, Swedish vricka.
Senses: glosses: To slightly sprain or strain the neck, back, ankle etc; to wrench.
glosses: To pierce with a hook by means of a sudden jerk or pull.
rick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: ricks
Etymology: From earlier wrick, from Middle English wricken, wrikken (“to move back and forth”), probably from Middle Dutch *verwricken or Middle Low German vorwricken. Cognate with West Frisian wrikke, wrikje, Dutch wrikken, Low German wricken, German wricken, Danish vrikke, Swedish vricka.
Senses: glosses: A sharp or sudden move; a jerk or tug.
rick
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: ricks
form: ricking
form: ricked
form: ricked
Etymology: From Middle English *rikken (attested only as palatised variant Middle English richen (“to pull, tug; to move, proceed, run; to twist, turn”)), from Old Norse rykkja (“to move, rock, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną (“to rock, move”). Cognate with English rock. Possibly merged with Middle English wrikken (“to move to and fro, move back and forth”), see Etymology 2 above.
Senses: glosses: To rattle, jingle, make a noise; to chatter.
glosses: To grumble.
glosses: To scold.
glosses: To raffle.
Derived terms: ricket
Related terms: rickety
rick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: ricks
Etymology: From Middle English *rikken (attested only as palatised variant Middle English richen (“to pull, tug; to move, proceed, run; to twist, turn”)), from Old Norse rykkja (“to move, rock, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną (“to rock, move”). Cognate with English rock. Possibly merged with Middle English wrikken (“to move to and fro, move back and forth”), see Etymology 2 above.
Senses: glosses: A noise, rattling.
rick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: ricks
Etymology: Abbreviated form from recruit.
Senses: examples: text: No turning back now rick, you are the property of the US government now.
topics: government
military
politics
war
qualifier: derogatory and demeaning
glosses: A brand new (naive) boot camp inductee.
riffle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪfəl/
rhymes: -ɪfəl
Forms: form: riffles
Etymology: Possible alteration of ruffle, from Middle English ruffelen, akin to Low German ruffelen (“to crumple”).
Senses: examples: text: They then proceeded below the milldam, where there was a strong riffle, with likely looking pools and eddies
ref: 1903, James Alexander Henshall, Bass, Pike, Perch and other Game Fishes of America:
text: The big trout feed aggressively and tend to lose their caution in the rifles.
ref: 2017, Bill Barich, “On the Glories of Autumn”, in California Fly Fisher:
text: [...] Brook Drain has now been diverted into a newly dug replacement river section [...]. It has been designed in conjunction with the Environment Agency to hold a much larger volume of water, in order to help with local flooding issues. It also features riffles (shallow sections of water) and side pools where aquatic wildlife can take shelter during storms.
ref: 2020 April 8, Paul Stephen, “ECML dive-under drives divergence”, in Rail, page 43:
glosses: A swift, shallow part of a stream causing broken water.
glosses: A succession of small waves.
topics: business
mining
glosses: A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when auriferous earth is washed. Also one of the cleats, grooves or steps in such trough.
glosses: A quick skim through the pages of a book.
glosses: Synonym of riffle shuffle
synonyms: word: riffle shuffle
glosses: The sound made while shuffling cards.
Hyponyms: white water
Related terms: cheater riffle
make the riffle
riffle beetle
riffle bug
riffle shuffle
riffle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪfəl/
rhymes: -ɪfəl
Forms: form: riffles
form: riffling
form: riffled
form: riffled
Etymology: Possible alteration of ruffle, from Middle English ruffelen, akin to Low German ruffelen (“to crumple”).
Senses: glosses: To flow over a swift, shallow part of a stream.
glosses: To ruffle with a rippling action.
glosses: To skim or flick through the pages of a book.
glosses: To leaf through rapidly.
glosses: To shuffle playing cards by separating the deck in two and sliding the thumbs along the edges of the cards to mix the two parts.
glosses: To idly manipulate objects with the fingers.
glosses: To prepare samples of material using a riffler.
riffle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪfəl/
rhymes: -ɪfəl
Forms: form: riffles
Etymology: From Danish [Term?] (“a groove”).
Compare rifle (“to score, to make grooves”) and the past participle riflet (“scored, grooved, rifled”), riffeln with the same meaning. Also see rifle (“a rifled gun”).
Senses: glosses: In seal engraving, a small metal disc at the end of a tool.
Derived terms: riffler
rifler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: riflers
Etymology: From rifle + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who rifles; a robber.
rigger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪɡə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈɹɪɡɚ/
homophone: rigor
homophone: rigour
rhymes: -ɪɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: riggers
Etymology: From rig + -er.
Senses: examples: text: So far there was not a hitch. The workpeople, to be sure — riggers and what not — were most annoyingly slow; but time cured that. It was the crew that troubled me.
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
glosses: One who rigs or dresses; as:
One whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship or of a counterweight system.
examples: text: What if the rigger (the person who anchors the grids to the building ceiling) mishangs a single cable?
ref: 1998, Glen Ballou, Handbook for Sound Engineers: The New Audio Cyclopedia, page 1250:
glosses: One who rigs or dresses; as:
One whose occupation is to lift and move large and heavy objects (such as industrial machinery) with the help of cables, hoists, and other equipment.
examples: text: It is common that after the rig is created an animator asks the rigger to create new controls, because the character needs to support new poses or simply needs to look better.
ref: 2012, Verónica Orvalho, Pedro Bastos, Frederic Parke, Bruno Oliveira, Xenxo Alvarez, “A Facial Rigging Survey: State of the Art Report”, in EUROGRAPHICS:
glosses: One who rigs or dresses; as:
One whose occupation is to outfit a computer model with controls for animation.
qualifier: animation
glosses: A worker on an oil rig.
examples: text: The real riggers of electoral boundaries in New South Wales were those who got loose after 1965. When the boys from George Street and Ash Street got loose there was a majority in the Parliament. That is when there was a redistribution […]
ref: 1988, Australian Parliament, House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), House of Representatives:
text: An election rigger who assumes illegitimate political power would be primarily motivated to spread their corrosive toxins across the political system, thus rendering institutions of government dysfunctional and convoluted.
ref: 2018, Cliff Edogun, The Rude Awakening: Nigerian Millennials Take Their Country by Storm., AuthorHouse, →ISBN:
glosses: One who rigs or manipulates (an election, etc).
glosses: A part of a rowing boat's equipment used to provide leverage for a rowing blade or oar around a fixed fulcrum.
glosses: A ship with a certain type of rigging.
glosses: A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery.
glosses: A plastic bottle of beer, typically between 1 L to 2.5 L volume.
glosses: A long, slender, pointed sable paintbrush for making fine lines, etc.; said to be so called from its use for drawing the lines of the rigging of ships.
topics: BDSM
lifestyle
sexuality
coordinate_terms: rope bunny
glosses: A person who applies functional or artistic rope bondage to another person's body.
Derived terms: outrigger
square-rigger
thimblerigger
rigger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪɡə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈɹɪɡɚ/
homophone: rigor
homophone: rigour
rhymes: -ɪɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: riggers
Etymology: Abbreviation
Senses: glosses: Ellipsis of outrigger.
rill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪl/
rhymes: -ɪl
Forms: form: rills
Etymology: From or akin to West Frisian ril (“rill; a narrow channel”), Dutch ril (“rill; gully; trench; watercourse”), German Low German Rille, Rill (“a small channel; brook; furrow”), German Rille (“a groove; furrow”).
Senses: examples: text: [N]or yet beside the rill / Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood was he
ref: 1750 June 12 (date written; published 1751), T[homas] Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, in Designs by Mr. R[ichard] Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], published 1753, →OCLC:
text: So twice five miles of fertile ground / With walls and towers were girdled round: / And here were gardens bright with sinuous rills, / Where blossom'd many an incense-bearing tree; / And here were forests ancient as the hills, / And folding sunny spots of greenery.
ref: 1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Kubla Khan: Or A Vision in a Dream”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, pages 55–56:
text: The secret of success lies never in the amount of money, but in the relation of income to outgo; as if, after expense has been fixed at a certain point, then new and steady rills of income, though never so small, being added, wealth begins.
ref: 1860, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Essay III. Wealth.”, in The Conduct of Life, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 101:
text: "Most of them don't wash. Those who do usually plunge their head into some brook or rill, if there happens to be one about."
ref: 1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 53:
text: Light grew, and lo! the Company passed through another gateway, high-arched and broad, and a rill ran out beside them; and beyond, going steeply down, was a road between sheer cliffs, knife-edged against the sky far above.
ref: 1955, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Return of the King:
glosses: A very small brook; a streamlet; a creek, rivulet.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
planetology
glosses: Alternative form of rille.
Derived terms: rill erosion
rillet
rill
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪl/
rhymes: -ɪl
Forms: form: rills
form: rilling
form: rilled
form: rilled
Etymology: From or akin to West Frisian ril (“rill; a narrow channel”), Dutch ril (“rill; gully; trench; watercourse”), German Low German Rille, Rill (“a small channel; brook; furrow”), German Rille (“a groove; furrow”).
Senses: examples: text: And fainter, finer, trickle far
To where the listening uplands are;
To pause—then from his gurgling bill
Let the warbled sweetness rill,
And down the welkin, gushing free,
Hark the molten melody;
ref: 1862, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Il Mystico, 81-86:
text: Alladad Khan was panting hard, soaked in sweat, and his rolled-up sleeve was all blood, blood rilling down his arm.
ref: 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 158:
glosses: To trickle, pour, or run like a small stream.
rimer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rimers
Etymology: From rime + -er.
Senses: glosses: A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder.
glosses: A rhymer; a versifier.
rimmer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rimmers
Etymology: From rim + -er.
Senses: synonyms: reamer
glosses: An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the edges of pies, etc.
glosses: A mixture of confections, spices, and/or salt applied to the rim of a beverage glass or mug.
glosses: One who performs anilingus (rimming).
examples: text: There were days when I literally didn't feel a dab and there are some days where two rimmers get me higher than a regular dab.
ref: 2017 January 20, u/ExtremeOG, “Smoking isn't a competition. Everybody has different tastes, tolerances, preferences, etc., so why does it matter what others think/say. As long as you enjoy yourself then you're doing it right.”, in Reddit, r/trees, archived from the original on 11 Dec 2023:
text: Baccy cones for my breakfast, lunch and dinner, pack a rimmer / Bury me with a pouch, punching baccy cones as it goes
ref: 2018 June 17, Lil Swift, “Baccy Cones”:
text: Unless youre a beast, then pack a rimmer and light it lmao but I cant say it will be terribly pleasant
ref: 2021 January 25, u/Serikan, “Are bongs less harsh than joints?”, in Reddit, r/trees, archived from the original on 11 Dec 2023:
glosses: A bowl (part of a pipe or bong) which is completely filled with marijuana.
ritter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ritters
Etymology: From German Ritter.
Senses: glosses: knight
robbin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɒbɪn
Forms: form: robbins
Senses: examples: text: The robbin of rice in Malabar weighed about 84 pounds.
glosses: A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities used to be exported from Southeast Asia.
glosses: The spring of a carriage.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Alternative form of ropeband.
Derived terms: ragged robbin
romano
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: romanos
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian romano (“Roman”). Doublet of Roman.
Senses: glosses: a hard, sharp cheese served grated as a garnish
Related terms: pecorino romano
rondo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɒn.dəʊ/
rhymes: -ɒndəʊ
homophone: rondeau
Forms: form: rondos
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Italian rondò, itself an unadapted borrowing of French rondeau. Doublet of rondeau; see there for further etymology.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.
glosses: A small, disk-shaped piece of food, especially a single-serving dessert or small piece of candy.
glosses: A dark-skinned grape, a hybrid of Vitis vinifera with Vitis amurensis and others.
examples: text: And four years after Pep from Catalonia first clapped eyes on Phil from Stockport across a crowded rondo, here finally was the consummation.
ref: 2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: A game resembling keep-away, used to train soccer players: one group is tasked with completing a number of passes while the other smaller group tries to take possession of the ball.
glosses: A gambling game played with small balls on a table.
rooky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rookie
Etymology: From rook + -y.
Senses: glosses: full of rooks.
glosses: misty; gloomy.
glosses: rascally, rakish, scampish.
rooter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rooters
Etymology: From root (“to cheer for”) + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Then, as the victorious team, streaming and slimy with mud, was borne by, literally in the arms of the populace, in a bit of momentary abstraction the beat wildly upon the thing nearest at hand, which happend to be the top of a blue and gold rooter's hat, beneath which, naturally enough, was the head of the aforementioned rooter.
ref: 1901, “The Regeneration of a Rooter”, in California Occident, volume 41, page 399:
text: In my country a mythology exists concerning the rooter. Great names, great deeds, great passions, great fights, and great deaths from heart attacks are the landmarks on the battlefield of a sport incorporated in Brazilian folklore. However, the different types of rooters are more interesting to the psychologist than soccer folklore proper.
ref: 1970, Gerald S. Kenyon, Tom M. Grogg, Contemporary Psychology of Sport, page 308:
text: My oldest brother is a hefty twelve years older; we never quite bonded, though he's always been my supporter—a real rooter for me in academic studies.
ref: 2007, Vershawn Ashanti Young, Your Average Nigga: Performing Race, Literacy, and Masculinity, page 58:
text: He was a rooter if there ever was one. His enthusiasm was at a boiling heat all the time.
ref: 2013, Jeffrey Michael Laing, Bud Fowler: Baseball's First Black Professional, page 145:
text: This was the Lawrencetown team and rooters, arriving for the fray. Led by the band the rooters gathered in a column four abreast and started to parade around the campus, later turning in the direction of the baseball diamond where they took up their section of the bleachers and forthwith began to hurl challenges at the now crowded buff and blue stands along third base line.
ref: 2023, Ambrose Bierce, Staley Fleming's Hallucination:
glosses: One who roots for, or applauds, something.
rouser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -aʊzə(ɹ)
Forms: form: rousers
Etymology: From rouse + -er.
Senses: glosses: Something very exciting or stimulating.
glosses: One who rouses another from sleep.
glosses: A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort.
examples: text: They are all shearers, or at least they say they are. Some might be only ‘rousers.’
ref: 1896, Henry Lawson, “Stragglers”, in While the Billy Boils, Sydney, N.S.W.: Angus and Robertson […], →OCLC, page 85:
text: The shearers threw some blankets in / To make another swag, / The rousers gave a billycan / And brand new tucker bag; […]
ref: a. 1964, Edward Harrington, “[In Faraway Places] The Swagless Swaggie”, in William [Rossa] Cole, editor, Rough Men, Tough Men: Poems of Action and Adventure, New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press, published 1969, →LCCN, page 150:
text: The aim of the rouser is eventually to become a shearer via the medium of the learner’s pen, and in fact the rousie is really an apprentice shearer; but there is certainly a great gulf between the accomplished prince of the board and the miserable rouseabout in the strange new world of his first shed.
ref: 1967, Graham Jenkin, Two Years on Bardunyah Station: Being an Account of the Experiences of a Jackaroo, Together with Some Poems, etc., Seacombe Heights, South Australia: Pitjantjara Publishers, page 66:
glosses: A roustabout.
Derived terms: rabble rouser
rube
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ro͞ob
ipa: /ɹuːb/
rhymes: -uːb
Forms: form: rubes
form: Reub
Etymology: Generic use of the name Rube. See hey rube for more.
Senses: examples: text: "Same time," said Babbitt, "no sense excusing these rube burgs too easy. Fellow's own fault if he doesn't show the initiative to up and beat it to the city, like we done—did. […]"
ref: 1922, Sinclair Lewis, chapter VIII, in Babbitt, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, →OCLC:
text: You know what you look like to me, with your good bag and your cheap shoes? You look like a rube. A well scrubbed, hustling rube with a little taste.
ref: 1991, Ted Tally, The Silence of the Lambs (motion picture), spoken by Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins):
synonyms: word: bogger
word: bogtrotter
word: boor
word: bucolic
word: bydlo
word: culchie
word: carl
word: churl
word: corncob
word: cornhusker
word: country bumpkin
word: country cousin
word: clodhopper
word: dubbo
word: joskin
word: hayseed
word: hillbilly
word: hick
word: hob
word: hobnail
word: hog-rubber
word: honyock
word: hunk
word: lob
word: promdi
word: provincial
word: redneck
word: rube
word: rustic
word: woolly back
word: yokel
glosses: A person of rural heritage; a yokel.
glosses: An uninformed, unsophisticated, or unintelligent person.
Derived terms: hey rube
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Forms: form: ruffs
form: ruffing
form: ruffed
form: ruffed
Etymology: Clipping of ruffle, or possibly from rough.
Senses: examples: text: The Ladies too were carp’d at, and their Dreſs, / He wants ’em all ruff’d up like good Queen Beſs!
ref: 1754 December 3, [David] Garrick, “Epilogue, […]”, in [John Brown], Barbarossa. A Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson and S[omerset] Draper […], published 1755, →OCLC, page [5]:
glosses: To shape (fabric, etc.) into a ruff; to adorn (a garment, etc.) with a ruff.
examples: text: Instantly the keen-eyed hawk "stooped," or descended, with a rushing swoop, and struck one of the birds with her claws, but without killing it, which is called "rifling," or "ruffing" it.
ref: 1888, Good Words, volume 29, London: Alexander Strahan and Co., →OCLC, page 616:
topics: falconry
hobbies
hunting
lifestyle
glosses: Of a falcon, hawk, etc.: to hit (the prey) without fixing or grabbing hold of it.
examples: text: Thenceforth the fether in her lofty creſt, / Ruffed of loue, gan lowly to auaile, / And her prowd portaunce, and her princely geſt, / VVith which ſhe earſt tryumphed, now did quaile: […]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 27, page 418:
text: To return to the thatching: Straw is not so durable as one could wish; besides, in very high winds, it is liable, if not reeded, to be ruffed a good deal; and the reeding, which is almost like counting the straws one by one, is expensive.
ref: 1818 December 15, “To Morris Birkbeck, Esq. of English Prairie, Illinois Territory. Letter II.”, in Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, volume 34, number 21, London: Printed by W. Molineux, 5, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, for T[homas] Dolby, 34, Wardour-Street, Soho, published 13 February 1819, →OCLC, column 658:
text: I left my canoe below the fish lay, casting upward, so if I could hook a fish from shore I could lead him down without danger of ruffing the pool.
ref: 1896 May 9, Forest and Stream, volume 36, New York, N.Y.: Forest and Stream Pub. Co., →OCLC, page 379, column 2:
glosses: To ruffle; to disorder.
examples: text: "Scat," the crow said. I ignored him. He ruffed up his feathers, doubling his size.
ref: 2015, Tor Seidler, chapter 1, in Firstborn (A Caitlyn Dloughy Book), New York, N.Y.: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, →ISBN, page 7:
glosses: Of a bird: to ruffle its feathers.
glosses: To boast, to brag.
examples: text: […] Mr Gillies ruffed and screamed out so loud in approbation, that he fell from his chair, and brought an American gentleman down with him.
ref: 1831, “the Ettrick Shepherd” [pseudonym; James Hogg], “The Noctes Sang”, in Songs, by the Ettrick Shepherd. Now First Collected, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, →OCLC:
glosses: To speak in a loud and domineering manner; to bluster, to swagger.
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Forms: form: ruffs
Etymology: Possibly from rough.
Senses: examples: text: Of Fiſhes thoſe we feed on in England, are either ſcaled, as ſturgian, ſalmon, grailing, ſhuins, carps, breams, the barbel, mullet, pike, luce, perch, ruffs, herrings, ſprats, pilchers, roche, ſhads, dorry, gudgin, and umbers;[…]
ref: [1661, Robert Lovell, “Isagoge Zoologicomineralogica. Or An Introduction to the History of Animals and Minerals, or Panzoographie, and Pammineralogie”, in ΠΑΝΖΩΟΡΥΚΤΟΛΟΓΙΑ [Panzōoryktologia]. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or a Compleat History of Animals and Minerals, Containing the Summe of All Authors, both Ancient and Modern, Galenicall and Chymicall, …, Oxford: Printed by Hen[ry] Hall, for Jos[eph] Godwin, →OCLC:
text: Its Principal R[iver] of all thoſe mention'd, is the Yare on which Norwich and Yarmouth ſtands, in which R[iver] the Ruff, a Fish is found, remarkable for being all over Prickles; [...]
ref: 1703, “Norfolk”, in An Universal, Historical, Geographical, Chronological and Poetical Dictionary, […], volumes II (M–Z), London: […] J[ohn] Hartley, […]; W. Turner, […]; and Tho[mas] Hodgson, […], →OCLC, column 2:
glosses: Alternative spelling of ruffe: a small freshwater fish of the genus Gymnocephalus; specifically a Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua or Gymnocephalus cernuus) which has spiny fins; the pope.
examples: text: In the same genus there is another species which makes better eating. This is A[rripis] georgianus, popularly known as the ruff or tommy ruff (again, nothing to do with anything bearing that name in the Old World), but now officially called 'Australian herring' (another aberration). [...] The ruff, on the other hand, although a smaller fish, makes good eating; its flesh is tender and tasty.
ref: 2014, Alan Davidson, “Australasian ‘salmon’”, in Tom Jaine, editor, The Oxford Companion to Food, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 44:
synonyms: Australian herring
tommy ruff
glosses: A fish of species Arripis georgianus, found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia
examples: text: A Ruff, or Sea-bream. Melanurus.
ref: [1677, Thomas Holyoke [i.e., Thomas Holyoake], “A Ruff, or Sea-bream”, in A Large Dictionary in Three Parts: I. The English before the Latin, Containing above Ten Thousand Words More Than any Dictionary yet Extant. II. The Latin before the English, … III. The Proper Names of Persons, Places, and Other Things Necessary to the Understanding of Historians and Poets. …, London: Printed by W[illiam] Rawlins, for G[eorge] Sawbridge, W[illiam] Place, T[homas] Basset, T[homas] Dring, J[ohn] Leigh and J[ohn] Place, →OCLC, column 1:
glosses: A bottom-dwelling carnivorous fish of the family Sparidae found in temperate and tropical waters; a porgy or sea bream.
Synonyms: sense: Australian herring (Arripis georgianus)
word: roughy
Derived terms: sea-ruff
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Forms: form: ruffs
form: ruffing
form: ruffed
form: ruffed
Etymology: From Old French roffle, rouffle (earlier romfle, ronfle), or from Italian ronfa (“card game similar to whist”); these words are possibly from Old French triomphe (“a triumph, victory”), Italian trionfo (“triumph; trump card”), from Latin triumphus (“hymn to Bacchus; celebration, triumph”), ultimately from Ancient Greek θρῐ́ᾰμβος (thrĭ́ămbos, “hymn to Dionysius, thriambus”). The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of trump.
Senses: examples: text: Zia [Mahmood] ruffed the club return and then played the ace of hearts and a heart, leaving declarer with another spade loser for two down.
ref: 2005, Mark Horton, “2004: Loser Takes Nothing”, in Ray Lee, editor, The Hands of Time: The Best 100 Bridge Deals Ever Played!, Toronto, Ont.: Master Point Press, →ISBN, page 181:
text: The declarer may not have fear of losing control on trumps, because even after ruffing in one hand, the other hand will have sufficient length to draw the trumps. A 4-4 fit of trumps is considered to be the best and most convenient for the declarer. […] He can easily make 5 or 6 or even 7 tricks in trumps by way of ruffing once, twice or thrice in one hand.
ref: 2014, D. K. Acharya, Standard Methods of Contract Bridge Complete: A Methodical Study and Critical Analysis of Bidding, Play, Defence and Other Strategic Instruments including Illustration of about 200 Deals, India: Partridge, Penguin Random House, →ISBN, page 181:
topics: card-games
games
glosses: To play a trump card to a trick when unable to follow suit (that is, when unable to play a card of the same suit as the previous or leading card).
examples: text: Then I played on diamonds, to ruff out the suit – but East had four diamonds and West none, so I had annoyingly to lose a trick to East's ♣K in the end.
ref: 1999, Zia Mahmood, David Burn, “The Shriek”, in Ray Lee, editor, Around the World in 80 Hands, Toronto, Ont.: Master Point Press, →ISBN, page 15:
text: It never ceases to amaze me how many times people get in trouble by failing to first ruff out their sure losers.
ref: 2016, Ken Casey, “Introduction: Focus Your Attention on Ruffing Losers”, in Playing Beginning Bridge, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN:
topics: card-games
games
glosses: Especially in the form ruff out: to defeat (a card, etc.) by ruffing, thus establishing the master card in the suit led.
Synonyms: trump
Derived terms: overruff
underruff
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Forms: form: ruffs
Etymology: From Old French roffle, rouffle (earlier romfle, ronfle), or from Italian ronfa (“card game similar to whist”); these words are possibly from Old French triomphe (“a triumph, victory”), Italian trionfo (“triumph; trump card”), from Latin triumphus (“hymn to Bacchus; celebration, triumph”), ultimately from Ancient Greek θρῐ́ᾰμβος (thrĭ́ămbos, “hymn to Dionysius, thriambus”). The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of trump.
Senses: examples: text: Take, for example, the axiom "Never give declarer a ruff-and-sluff."
ref: 2008, Phillip Alder, “The Just-So Story of a Justified Ruff-and-Sluff”, in The New York Times:
topics: card-games
games
glosses: An instance of ruffing, or an opportunity to ruff, when unable to follow suit.
examples: text: [W]hat ſhall wee haue a game at Trumpe or Ruffe to driue away the time, how ſay you?
ref: 1595, G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. A Pleasant Conceited Comedie, Played by the Queenes Maiesties Players, London: Printed at London by Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, →OCLC; reprinted as [Walter Wilson Greg], editor, The Old Wives’ Tale: 1595 (The Malone Society Reprints; 7), [Oxford]: Printed for the Malone Society by Horace Hart M.A. at the Oxford University Press, 1908, →OCLC, 85–87:
topics: card-games
games
glosses: A game similar to whist and its predecessor.
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Forms: form: ruffs
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: I also used quite a few of the flat-fingered kind of ruff (as used before on the doumbek in the baladi section) to embellish some notes.
ref: 2003, Rob Lewis, “3 Camps: Rudimental Drum Solo”, in Crosstraining: A Method for Applying Rhythms and Techniques to Drum Set, Hand Percussion and Mallet Instruments, Pacific, Mo.: Mel Bay Productions, →ISBN, part 6 (Rudiments and Rudimental Solos), page 71:
topics: card-games
entertainment
games
government
lifestyle
military
music
politics
war
glosses: A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruffle.
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Forms: form: ruffs
form: ruffing
form: ruffed
form: ruffed
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: [A] wooden leg and an empty coat sleeve, and fourteen poor pennies a-day, are all that I have got by allowing myself to be seduced by the cursed din of a Scotchman's bagpipe. I was once a good yeoman, in Kent, and in an evil hour went to the fair at Maidstone. The drum ruffed, and the pipe screamed in the market-place, and away I went to see what was to happen. […] I fairly forgot myself, and scarcely ever knew where I was or what I was doing, till I found myself on board a ship, and saw the olive hills and vineyards of Spain, […]
ref: 1823 February, Nalla, “Corporal Colville”, in The London Magazine, volume VII, London: Printed for Taylor and Hessey, 93, Fleet Street, and 13, Waterloo Place, →OCLC, page 136, column 1:
topics: card-games
entertainment
games
government
lifestyle
military
music
politics
war
glosses: To beat a ruff or ruffle, as on a drum.
examples: text: If anything could have kept me awake, this cracked drum would; and, in truth, I had my fears, when, on entering my room, I heard my hero ruffing it away immediately in front of the window; but they were groundless apprehensions, though his efforts were varied and unceasing, for I undressed to the tune of the "Grenadiers' March," stepped into bed to the "Reveille," and dropped fast asleep to the first part of "Yankee Doodle!"
ref: 1836, Tyrone Power, “Trenton Falls”, in Impressions of America, during the Years 1833, 1834, and 1835. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, publisher in ordinary to His Majesty, →OCLC, page 384:
topics: card-games
entertainment
games
government
lifestyle
military
music
politics
war
glosses: Of a drum, etc.: to have a ruff or ruffle beaten on it.
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: "Ruff, ruff!" Around the corner, a little light brown, short-haired dog came running. On seeing the little brown terrier, Annie and Marie looked at one another. Letting out a moan, Annie said, "Oh no, it's JB! I wish Joyce would take him to dog school and have him taught some manners."
ref: 2014, Suzan Kayaalp, “The Visitor”, in The Adventures of Lucky the Duck, New York, N.Y.: Page Publishing, →ISBN:
topics: card-games
entertainment
games
government
lifestyle
military
music
politics
war
glosses: The bark of a dog; arf, woof.
ruff
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹʌf/
ipa: /ɹəf/
ipa: /ɹɐf/
ipa: /ɹʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: rough
homophone: ruffe
Forms: form: ruffer
form: ruffest
Senses: examples: text: The Herb Pantagruelion hath a little Root somewhat hard and ruff, roundish, terminating in an obtuse and very blunt Point, and having some of its Veins, Strings or Filaments coloured with some spots of white, […]
ref: 1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais]; [Peter Anthony Motteux, transl.], “How Pantagruel Did Put Himself in a Readiness to Go to Sea; and of the Herb Named Pantagruelion”, in The Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais Doctor in Physick, Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds and Sayings of Gargantua and His Sonne Pantagruel: Together with the Pantagrueline Prognostication, the Oracle of the Divine Bacbuc, and Response of the Bottle: Hereunto are Annexed the Navigations unto the Sounding Isle and the Isle of the Apedefts: As Likewise the Philosophical Cream with a Limosin Epistle all Done by Mr. Francis Rabelais in the French Tongue and Now Faithfully Translated into English […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Privately printed for the Navarre Society Limited, 23 New Oxford Street, W.C., published 1921, →OCLC, book III, pages 57–58:
text: Up to this time it have been an uphill bisness. The teem was a good one, and the gear all sound, and the waggin greasd, but the rode is perhaps the ruffest in the world.
ref: 1873, Bill Arp [pseudonym; Charles Henry Smith], “Nineteenth Paper: Bill Arp Addresses His Feller Citizens”, in Bill Arp’s Peace Papers, New York, N.Y.: G. W. Carleton & Co., publishers; London: S[ampson] Low, Son & Co., →OCLC, page 128:
topics: card-games
entertainment
games
government
lifestyle
military
music
politics
war
glosses: Alternative spelling of rough.
rulier
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: comparative form of ruly: more ruly
rumen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹu.mən/
rhymes: -uːmən
Forms: form: rumina
form: rumens
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin rūmen.
Senses: examples: text: In the newborn ruminant the abomasum is about as large as the rumen and remains relatively large as long as only milk is consumed (Brugnone, 1809). As the young ruminant consumes forages, the reticulum, and particularly the rumen, develop rapidly.
ref: 2013 [1966], Robert E. Hungate, The Rumen and Its Microbes, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 162:
synonyms: paunch
fack
fardingbag
hypernyms: compartment
tripe
coordinate_terms: abomasum
omasum
reticulum
glosses: The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.
Related terms: rumenic
ruminal
ruminant
ruminate
rummer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rummers
Etymology: Partly from Dutch roemer, rummer (West Flanders); partly from Middle Low German römer; partly from German Römer (“Roman person or thing”), named because it was made in glassworks dating from the Roman era. See also roemer; and for the etymology compare Romeware.
Senses: examples: text: I won, and regaled myself with cold roast beef and rummers of punch.
ref: 1793, James Boswell, “Journals 1789–1795”, in Danziger, Brady, editors, Boswell: The Great Biographer, Yale, published 1989, page 241:
glosses: A large drinking-glass for alcoholic drinks, chiefly wine, typically with a short or heavy stem.
rummer
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Senses: glosses: comparative form of rum: more rum
rumpus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rumpuses
Etymology: Unknown. First use appears c. 1745. The OED indicates: "perhaps an arbitrary formation". Possibly an alteration of rumbustical or rumbustious (“boisterous, noisy”) + Latin -us (“nominative suffix”). The use of the verbal form first appears c. 1839.
Senses: examples: text: "I'd like to know how on earth we are going to finish the case with all this umptydoodle rumpus going on."
ref: 1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 166:
text: But as his rumpus with Mr. Christie entered its second and third rounds, Mr. Rubio appeared to abandon that game plan.
ref: 2016 February 7, Michael Barbaro, “Once Impervious, Marco Rubio Is Diminished by a Caustic Chris Christie”, in The New York Times:
text: I get up, I get down, and I'm jumping around / And the rumpus and ruckus are comfortable now / Been a hell of a ride, but I'm thinking it's time to grow / Bang! Bang! Bang!
ref: 2020 February 12, Jack Met, Adam Met, Ryan Met, “Bang!”, in OK Orchestra, performed by AJR:
synonyms: ruckus
turmoil
glosses: A noisy, sometimes violent disturbance; noise and confusion; a noisy quarrel or brawl.
glosses: A rumpus room.
rumpus
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: rumpuses
form: rumpusing
form: rumpused
form: rumpused
form: rumpussed
form: rumpussed
Etymology: Unknown. First use appears c. 1745. The OED indicates: "perhaps an arbitrary formation". Possibly an alteration of rumbustical or rumbustious (“boisterous, noisy”) + Latin -us (“nominative suffix”). The use of the verbal form first appears c. 1839.
Senses: examples: text: All night, as wide awake as gnats, The terriers rumpused after rats, Or, just for practice, taught their brats, To worry cast-off shoes and hats.
ref: 1851, James Russell Lowell, Unhappy Mr. Knott, page 291:
text: ... and Marie routed up Mammy nights, and rumpussed and scolded, with more energy than ever, all day, on the strength of this new misery.
ref: 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, page 81:
text: She had been rumpusing with the poker and tongs during the dialogue between the guests, and she enforced her order by thrusting the poker towards the distant corner where the girl sat, as she spoke.
ref: 1876, Julie P. Smith, His Young Wife, A Novel, page 56:
text: Instead she rumpuses about waving her legs in the air and spinning her feet doing three exercises she dubs "Tumbleweed, Clothespin, and Wind Farm."
ref: 2019, Sam Pickering, The World Was My Garden, Too:
glosses: To cause a noisy disturbance or commotion.
Related terms: romp
Runic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: -uːnɪk
Etymology: From rune + -ic, because such languages were written using runes.
Senses: examples: text: So likewise a day comes when the Runic Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawpaw be utterly abolished.
ref: 1831, Thomas Carlyle, “Symbols”, in Sartor Resartus: The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh. […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 155:
qualifier: lax
glosses: Any of the ancient Germanic languages which were written using runes.
Runic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -uːnɪk
Etymology: From rune + -ic, because such languages were written using runes.
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of runic.