cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
embodiment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: embodiments
Etymology: From embody + -ment.
Senses: glosses: The process of embodying.
examples: text: You are the very embodiment of beauty.
text: The law is the true embodiment / Of everything that's excellent. / It has no kind of fault or flaw, / And I, my Lords, embody the law.
ref: 1880, W. S. Gilbert, Iolanthe:
text: And with his trademark smoking jackets and pipes – and the silk pajamas he would often wear to work – Hefner became the embodiment of a sexually adventurous yet urbane image and lifestyle, a seeming role model for generations of men.
ref: 2017 September 27, David Browne, “Hugh Hefner, 'Playboy' Founder, Dead at 91”, in Rolling Stone:
glosses: A physical entity typifying an abstract concept.
examples: text: In many respects, the genre [science fiction] was exceptionally well suited to extrapolate from contemporary social concerns and promote visions of alternative societies, new forms of embodiment, and novel pathways for desire and pleasure.
ref: 2001, Susan Stryker, Queer Pulp, page 17:
topics: human-sciences
sciences
social-science
sociology
glosses: The ways that knowledge, personality, culture, etc. are modulated by being experienced through a physical body.
Synonyms: incarnation
Derived terms: disembodiment
reembodiment
crackling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹæk(ə)lɪŋ/
Forms: form: cracklings
Etymology: By surface analysis, crackle + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: For the first time in his life […]he tasted crackling.
ref: 1823, Elia [pseudonym; Charles Lamb], Elia. Essays which have Appeared under that Signature in The London Magazine, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: Fat that, after roasting a joint, hardens and crispens
examples: text: To make chicken crackling, use 500 g (1 lb 1V2 oz) chicken skin. Wash and remove excess fats.
ref: 2011 February 28, Arlene Diego, Step by Step Cooking Filipino: Delightful Ideas for Everyday Meals, Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd, →ISBN, page 54:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: The crispy rind of roast pork.
raw_tags: in British
examples: text: ... but often forgotten are the equally delicious chicken cracklings. In this recipe, baguette slices spread with a delicious maple and sea salt butter are baked, then topped with crispy pan-fried chicken skin, sweet soft dates,[…]
ref: 2016 October 4, Eva Kosmas Flores, Adventures in Chicken: 150 Amazing Recipes from the Creator of AdventuresInCooking.com, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 26:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: A crispy, fried skin or rind, especially of pork.
examples: the bangs and cracklings of fireworks
glosses: The making of small, sharp cracks or reports, frequently repeated.
glosses: Food for dogs, made from the refuse of tallow melting.
glosses: Three stripes of velvet worn on the sleeves of students at St John's College, Cambridge.
Synonyms: cracklin(s)
Derived terms: pork crackling
crackling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹæk(ə)lɪŋ/
Etymology: By surface analysis, crackle + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: —With wreathing spire
Up went the crackling flame,—and that old man
Forgetful of his anguish, boldly cried
—"Courage, my brother!—we this day will light
Such fire in christendom, as ne'er shall die."
ref: 1827, Lydia Sigourney, Poems, Latimer and Ridley, page 68:
glosses: Sounding with small, sharp cracks or reports, frequently repeated.
crackling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹæk(ə)lɪŋ/
Etymology: By surface analysis, crackle + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of crackle
Related terms: pork rind
menagerie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈnæd͡ʒəɹɪ/
ipa: /mɪˈnæʒəɹɪ/
ipa: /məˈnædʒəri/
ipa: /məˈnæʒəri/
Forms: form: menageries
form: ménagerie
Etymology: From French ménagerie, derived from ménager (“to keep house”), household. Housekeeping used to include taking care of domestic animals.
Senses: synonyms: zoo
glosses: A collection of live wild animals as an exhibition historically associated with the aristocracy and considered a precursor of modern zoos.
examples: text: In Sacramento a crazed woman opened the cages of a circus menagerie for fear the animals might starve to death, and had been mauled by a lioness.
ref: 1949, Bruce Kiskaddon, George R. Stewart, Earth Abides:
synonyms: zoo
zoological garden
glosses: The enclosure where they are kept.
glosses: A diverse or miscellaneous group.
glosses: The orchestra of a theatre.
Derived terms: menagerist
Related terms: aviary
conservatory
phew
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fjuː/
ipa: [ɸj̊u̥˥˩]
ipa: /fɪu̯/
rhymes: -uː
homophone: few
Forms: form: whew
form: pew
Etymology: Attested since the early 17th century. An onomatopoeia for rapid exhalation, as one may make when a trying situation is over, or in order to get rid of an unpleasant odour. Compare Scots feuch, Spanish fu, Czech fuj, and many more such forms.
Senses: examples: text: Phew, that took a long time to cook!
glosses: Used to express relief of tension, fatigue, or surprise.
examples: text: Phew, it stinks in here!
glosses: Used to show disgust.
Synonyms: sense: expressing relief of tension
word: whew
sense: expressing disgust
word: yuck
Related terms: whew
whewee
phewee
woohoo
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /wuːˈhuː/
ipa: /wʊˈhuː/
ipa: /wəˈhuː/
rhymes: -uː
Forms: form: whoo-hoo
form: whoo hoo
form: woo hoo
form: woo-hoo
Senses: examples: text: Woohoo! It’s summer again!
text: She […] hath ſtiled him with an immortall penne, the bawewawe of ſchollars, the tutt of gentlemen, the tee-heegh of gentlewomen, the phy of citizens, the blurt of Courtiers, the poogh of good letters, the faph of good manners, and the whoop-hooe of good boyes in London ſtreetes.
ref: [1593, Gabriell Haruey [i.e., Gabriel Harvey], Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse. A Preparative to Certaine Larger Discourses, Intituled Nashes S. Fame, London: […] Iohn Wolfe, →OCLC; republished as John Payne Collier, editor, Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse. […] (Miscellaneous Tracts. Temp. Eliz. & Jac. I; no. 8), [London]: [s.n.], [1870], →OCLC, page 181:
synonyms: hooray
yahoo
yay
yippee
glosses: Used to express sudden or exuberant joy, happiness, excitement, approval or delight.
Related terms: whoopee
woot
w00t
didgeridoo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭj'ər-ē-do͞oʹ
ipa: /ˌdɪd͡ʒ.əɹ.iˈduː/
Forms: form: didgeridoos
form: didjeridu
form: didjeridoo
form: digeridoo
Etymology: Likely onomatopoeic in reference to the sound made by the instrument, or the words spoken into the instrument to play it.
The earliest known description of the instrument was in 1829 by Captain Collet Barker, in which it was described as making the sound didoggerry whoan. In 2002, Lonergan proposed that the term could derive from Irish dúdaire dubh (“black hummer”) or Scottish Gaelic dùdaire dùth (“native piper”), though this seems to be coincidental, since there is no corroborating evidence and the terms would refer to the player (rather than the instrument itself).
Senses: synonyms: didge
yidaki
glosses: A musical instrument, endemic to the Top End of Australia, consisting of a long hollowed-out log which, when blown into, produces a low, deep mesmerising drone with sweeping rhythms.
Derived terms: didgeridooist
dollarydoo
didgeridoo
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭj'ər-ē-do͞oʹ
ipa: /ˌdɪd͡ʒ.əɹ.iˈduː/
Forms: form: didgeridoos
form: didgeridooing
form: didgeridooed
form: didgeridooed
form: didjeridu
form: didjeridoo
form: digeridoo
Etymology: Likely onomatopoeic in reference to the sound made by the instrument, or the words spoken into the instrument to play it.
The earliest known description of the instrument was in 1829 by Captain Collet Barker, in which it was described as making the sound didoggerry whoan. In 2002, Lonergan proposed that the term could derive from Irish dúdaire dubh (“black hummer”) or Scottish Gaelic dùdaire dùth (“native piper”), though this seems to be coincidental, since there is no corroborating evidence and the terms would refer to the player (rather than the instrument itself).
Senses: glosses: To play the digeridoo.
apoplectic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæp.əˈplɛk.tɪk/
rhymes: -ɛktɪk
Forms: form: more apoplectic
form: most apoplectic
Etymology: From French apoplectique, from Late Latin apoplēcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀποπληκτικός (apoplēktikós), from ἀπόπληκτος (apóplēktos), from ἀποπλήσσω (apoplḗssō), from ἀπό (apó, “of, from”) + πλήσσω (plḗssō, “I strike”).
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to apoplexy.
examples: text: Once she heard Jem refer to our father as 'Atticus' and her reaction was apoplectic.
ref: 1960 July 11, Harper Lee, chapter 11, in To Kill a Mockingbird, Philadelphia, Pa.; New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC:
text: Speak of the devil—he marches through the door, and becomes apoplectic when he learns of the upheaval.
ref: 2005 December 12, The New Yorker:
text: The decision left Potters boss Tony Pulis apoplectic on the touchline, a feeling his West Ham counterpart Avram Grant was to share immediately after the break.
ref: 2011 March 13, Chris Bevan, “Stoke 2 - 1 West Ham”, in BBC:
text: If older man/younger women matchups make many people uncomfortable, the older man/much younger women combo tends to make them apoplectic.
ref: 2014 August 27, Stephanie Zacharek, “The Last of Robin Hood Wrestles with a Star's Underage Love”, in The Village Voice, archived from the original on 03 Sep 2014:
text: Yet when one relistens to the original Rock, Rot & Rule broadcast, the most salient element is not the comedy. It’s the apoplectic phone calls from random WFMU listeners.
ref: 2022, Chuck Klosterman, The Nineties, New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN:
glosses: Marked by extreme anger or fury.
glosses: Effused with blood.
Derived terms: antiapoplectic
postapoplectic
Related terms: apoplectically
apoplexy
apoplectic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæp.əˈplɛk.tɪk/
rhymes: -ɛktɪk
Forms: form: apoplectics
Etymology: From French apoplectique, from Late Latin apoplēcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀποπληκτικός (apoplēktikós), from ἀπόπληκτος (apóplēktos), from ἀποπλήσσω (apoplḗssō), from ἀπό (apó, “of, from”) + πλήσσω (plḗssō, “I strike”).
Senses: glosses: A person suffering from apoplexy.
pufferfish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌfɚˌfɪʃ/
Forms: form: pufferfish
form: pufferfishes
Etymology: From puffer + fish.
Senses: examples: text: Recently, however, a scientist in Britain proposed a short cut that would use the genome of the fugu, a pufferfish known as a dangerous delicacy among Japanese sushi eaters, to speed the search for human genes.
ref: 1993 December 28, James Younger, “Fishy Short Cut To Mapping Human Genome”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 08 Dec 2024:
glosses: Any species of fish of the family Tetraodontidae that have the ability to inflate themselves to a globe several times their normal size by swallowing water or air when threatened; puffer, blowfish, swellfish, balloonfish, globefish.
glosses: The meat of these fish, a delicacy popular in Japan served raw as sushi that may, if improperly prepared, contain deadly levels of neurotoxins; (Japanese) fugu.
Synonyms: topics: fish
ichthyology
zoology
biology
natural-sciences
word: balloonfish
topics: fish
ichthyology
zoology
biology
natural-sciences
word: blowfish
topics: fish
ichthyology
zoology
biology
natural-sciences
word: globefish
topics: fish
ichthyology
zoology
biology
natural-sciences
word: puffer
topics: fish
ichthyology
zoology
biology
natural-sciences
word: swellfish
sense: dish
word: fugu
neurotoxin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈn(j)ʊɹoʊtɑksɪn/
Forms: form: neurotoxins
Etymology: From neuro- + toxin.
Senses: examples: text: There were stretches of days when the lakes were closed because of the algae. It sometimes secreted neurotoxins that could be fatal.
ref: 2020, Brandon Taylor, Real Life, Daunt Books Originals, page 31:
text: Among those who think of fugu as merely a distant delicacy, knowledge rarely goes beyond the fish’s infamous trait: In the most delicious species, the innards are suffused with the neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin (TTX).
ref: 2020 December 4, Ligaya Mishan, “The Appealing and Potentially Lethal Delicacy That Is Fugu”, in The New York Times Style Magazine, archived from the original on 01 Jan 2021:
topics: medicine
neuroscience
pharmacology
sciences
toxicology
glosses: A toxin that specifically acts upon neurons, their synapses, or the nervous system in its entirety.
Synonyms: neurolysin
Derived terms: antineurotoxin
proneurotoxin
Related terms: neurotoxic
fluffer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈflʌfə/
ipa: /ˈflʌfɚ/
rhymes: -ʌfə(ɹ)
Forms: form: fluffers
Etymology: From fluff + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Woe betide the camera-shy or the fluffers of lines.
ref: 1993, Design, numbers 533-539, page 38:
text: To them, we were the dope-smuggling hippie liberals, the prisoner lovers, the pillow fluffers. To us, they were the sadistic, mean-spirited, right-wing thugs.
ref: 2009, Sunny Schwartz, Dreams from the Monster Factory:
glosses: Someone or something that fluffs (in various senses).
examples: text: "This isn't MGM. I don't do this full-time," she said. "During production, I'm the AD. Occasionally, I fill in as a fluffer."
ref: 1991, Robert Reeves, Peeping Thomas, →ISBN, page 112:
topics: lifestyle
media
pornography
sexuality
synonyms: fluff girl
glosses: One who arouses male pornographic actors before filming.
glosses: One who is employed to clean the tracks in the tunnels of the London Underground.
examples: text: Thus it was only as I approached the table that I discovered Lafayette hovering behind the chair next to mine, accompanied by Easy Mather, as well as their new best friend and Lafayette's personal fluffer, Jillian Noble.
ref: 2007, Christopher Brookmyre, Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks, →ISBN, page 111:
text: There is always a “fluffer” who will posture for “good girl, good boy” attention, who will bring up some off-topic item—“good food drive effort” or “great basketball game the other night.”
ref: 2011, Barbara Ruben, The Principal’S Office: An Inside Story, →ISBN, page 38:
text: . In many retellings of the story, Aphrodite acts as Helen's fluffer.
ref: 2013, Bettany Hughes, Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore, →ISBN, page 148:
glosses: One who promotes or publicizes, especially one who makes something seem better or more important than it is.
examples: text: DoggoLingo, sometimes referred to as doggo-speak, "seems to be quite lexical, there are a lot of distinctive words that are used," says Internet linguist Gretchen McCulloch. "It's cutesier than others, too. Doggo, woofer, pupper, pupperino, fluffer — those have all got an extra suffix on the end to make them cuter."
ref: 2017 April 23, Jessica Boddy, “Dogs Are Doggos: An Internet Language Built Around Love For The Puppers”, in NPR All Tech Considered:
glosses: A fluffy animal.
Derived terms: mattress fluffer
refectory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈfɛkt(ə)ɹi/
Forms: form: refectories
Etymology: Via Middle English refectori from Late Latin refectorium, from Latin reficere (“to remake, to rebuild”).
Senses: examples: text: They compare very well with similar cafes elsewhere and the quality, for example, is far better and the price cheaper than in my college refectory.
ref: 1964 April, “Letters: London stations—a consumers' guide”, in Modern Railways, page 274:
text: With a clattering of chairs, upended shell cases, benches, and ottomans, Pirate's mob gather at the shores of the great refectory table, a southern island well across a tropic or two from chill Croydon.
ref: 1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:
glosses: A dining hall, especially in an institution such as a college or monastery.
Derived terms: refectory table
Related terms: refection
Führer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfjʊə.ɹə/
ipa: /ˈfjʊɚ.ɚ/
homophone: furor
Forms: form: Führers
form: Führer
form: Fuehrer
form: Fuhrer
form: fuhrer
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from German Führer, modelled after Italian Duce. Doublet of farer.
Senses: examples: text: When the Führer says we is the master race
We "Heil!" (Bronx cheer), "Heil!" (Bronx cheer) right in the Führer's face.
ref: 1942, Oliver Wallace, “Der Fuehrer's Face”:
glosses: Adolf Hitler when he was the chancellor of Nazi Germany.
glosses: A leader, especially one exercising the powers of a tyrant.
Related terms: Duce
R&D
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: R&Ds
Senses: topics: business
glosses: Initialism of research and development, a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting.
qualifier: prison
glosses: Initialism of Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal, a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison.
lines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /laɪnz/
rhymes: -aɪnz
Senses: glosses: plural of line
lines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /laɪnz/
rhymes: -aɪnz
Senses: examples: text: I have yet to learn my lines.
topics: broadcasting
entertainment
film
lifestyle
media
television
theater
glosses: Words spoken by the actors.
topics: fortifications
government
military
politics
war
glosses: Dispositions made to cover extended positions, and presenting a front in but one direction to an enemy.
topics: business
manufacturing
shipbuilding
glosses: Form of a vessel as shown by the outlines of vertical, horizontal, and oblique sections.
examples: text: If you don't behave I'll give you lines
text: I had to write out 200 lines
topics: education
glosses: A school punishment in which a student must repeatedly write out a line of text related to the offence (e.g. "I must be quiet in class") a specified number of times; the lines of text so written out.
glosses: The reins with which a horse is guided by its driver.
coordinate_terms: marriage lines
glosses: A certificate of church membership.
Derived terms: fluff one's lines
lines
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /laɪnz/
rhymes: -aɪnz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of line
peachy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpiːt͡ʃi/
rhymes: -iːtʃi
Forms: form: peachier
form: peachiest
Etymology: From peach + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Although this is an apricot pie, it tastes peachy.
glosses: Resembling a peach, peach-like.
examples: text: Oh, life is just peachy now that winter has come, it’s snowing all the time, and I’m freezing my backside off
glosses: Very good, excellent, typically used sarcastically to indicate a state of misery, resentment or great frustration.
Derived terms: impeachy
peachily
peachiness
peachy keen
trundle along
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: trundles along
form: trundling along
form: trundled along
form: trundled along
Senses: examples: text: The old horse and cart trundles along the path.
glosses: To move slowly.
formal parameter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: formal parameters
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: An abstract representation, typically including a name and a type, of a parameter expected to be passed to a method or function.
Related terms: parameter
actual parameter
variable
actual parameter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: actual parameters
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A value supplied to a method or function, as opposed to a formal parameter.
Synonyms: argument
passed parameter
Related terms: parameter
formal parameter
variable
capitalize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz/
Forms: form: capitalizes
form: capitalizing
form: capitalized
form: capitalized
form: capitalise
Etymology: From capital + -ize, the first element ultimately from Latin capitālis (“of the head”).
Senses: examples: text: In German, all nouns are capitalized.
glosses: In writing or editing, to write (something: either an entire word or text, or just the initial letter(s) thereof) in capital letters, in upper case.
examples: text: Some states require proof that a new venture is properly capitalized before the state will issue a certificate of incorporation.
text: To have any hope of success a new venture must be properly capitalized.
ref: 1990 April 7, 9, “Irish Gay Mag To Begin Publication”, in Gay Community News, page 9:
topics: business
finance
glosses: To contribute or acquire capital (money or other resources) for.
examples: text: If we obtain a loan using the business as collateral, the effect will be to capitalize our next ten years of income, giving us cash today that we can use to buy out our competitor.
topics: business
finance
glosses: To convert into capital, i.e., to get cash or similar immediately fungible resources for some less fungible property or source of future income.
topics: accounting
business
economics
finance
government
sciences
taxation
glosses: To treat as capital, not as an expense.
examples: text: The home team took several shots on goal but was unable to capitalize until late in the game.
glosses: To profit or to obtain an advantage.
examples: text: The home team appeared to have the advantage throughout the game, and finally capitalized on their opponents' weakness with just two minutes remaining, scoring several points in quick succession.
glosses: To seize, as an opportunity; to obtain a benefit from; to invest on something profitable.
raw_tags: followed by on
Derived terms: capitalizer
decapitalize
miscapitalize
overcapitalize
recapitalize
uncapitalize
undercapitalize
Related terms: capitalizable
capitalization
dress code
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dress codes
form: dressing code
Senses: examples: text: The dress code for the funeral said dark - meaning white shirt, black suit, with a black necktie (no bowties permitted.)
glosses: A formal specification of acceptable attire for a specific event or location.
Derived terms: word: dress-code
testy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɛsti/
rhymes: -ɛsti
Forms: form: testier
form: testiest
Etymology: Middle English testif (“headstrong”), from Old French testu, from teste (“head”) + -u. Compare modern French tête (“head”), têtu (“stubborn”).
Senses: glosses: Easily annoyed, irritable.
examples: text: He made testy remarks.
text: Otherwise, we could end up with a repeat of what happened with social media companies after the 2016 election — a collision of Silicon Valley power and Washington ignorance, which resulted in nothing but gridlock and testy hearings.
ref: 2022 August 24, Kevin Roose, “We Need to Talk About How Good A.I. Is Getting”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Marked by impatience or ill humor.
Synonyms: touchy
tetchy
Derived terms: testily
testiness
Related terms: heady
teston
irritable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪɹɪtəbl̩/
Forms: form: more irritable
form: most irritable
Etymology: Borrowed from French irritable, from Latin irritabilis.
Senses: glosses: Capable of being irritated.
examples: text: an irritable old man
glosses: Easily exasperated or excited.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Responsive to stimuli.
Synonyms: word: atrabilious
word: liverish
word: bad-tempered
word: fractious
word: bilious
word: bitchy
word: brainish
word: cantankerous
word: carnaptious
word: crabbit
word: crabby
word: cranky
word: crotchety
word: dyspeptic
word: edgy
word: fantoddish
word: fiery
word: fretful
word: grumpy
word: grotchy
topics: lifestyle
word: grouchy
word: hissy
word: hot-livered
word: hot-tempered
word: hotheaded
word: huffy
word: humpy
word: ill-natured
word: ill-tempered
word: irascible
word: irritable
word: out of sorts
word: ornery (chiefly US)}
word: peevish
word: pettish
word: petulant
word: prickly
word: quick-tempered
word: querulous
word: raspy
word: ratty
word: short-tempered
word: snappish
word: snappy
word: snippety
word: snippish
word: snippy
word: snitchy
word: splenetic
word: stressy
word: surly
word: testy
word: tetchy
word: tetty
word: thin-skinned
word: thorny
word: touchy
word: twitchy
word: umbrageous
word: waspish
Hypernyms: word: enthusiastic
word: passionate
Hyponyms: word: hyperirritable
word: snarkcastic
Derived terms: hyperirritable
inirritable
irritability
irritable bowel syndrome
irritable heart
irritable male syndrome
irritableness
irritably
nonirritable
superirritable
unirritable
Related terms: word: like a bear with a sore head
word: on edge
word: combative
word: quarrelsome
packed decimal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: packed decimals
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A storage mode that places two decimal digits into one byte, each digit occupying four bits. The sign occupies four bits in the least significant byte.
COBOL
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈkoʊbɒl/
/-bɔːl/
Forms: form: Cobol
Etymology: Acronym of common business-oriented language, perhaps coined by American computer scientist and aerospace engineer Bob Bemer.
Senses: examples: text: The problem in COBOL is that, while there exists a standard COBOL, ANS (American National Standard) COBOL, no computer manufacturer offers a COBOL compiler that is both full and pure ANS.
ref: 1973, Russell M. Armstrong, Modular Programming in COBOL, Wiley-Interscience:
text: Because COBOL does not have a date type, some implementations rely instead on a system whereby all dates are coded to a reference point. The most commonly used is May 20, 1875, as this was the date of an international standards-setting conference held in Paris, known as the Convention du Mètre.
ref: 2025 February 17, David Gilbert, “No, 150-Year-Olds Aren’t Collecting Social Security Benefits”, in WIRED, archived from the original on 19 Feb 2025:
glosses: A programming language developed in the late 1950s especially for business applications.
Derived terms: COBOLer
sisu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪsʉː/
Etymology: Borrowed from Finnish sisu, documented in English since at least 1940.
Senses: examples: text: Last week the Finns gave the world a good example of sisu by carrying the war into Russian territory on one front while on another they withstood merciless attacks by a reinforced Russian Army.
ref: 1940 January 8, “Northern Theatre:Sisu”, in Time Magazine:
text: People living in northern climates need plenty of sisu.
ref: 1999, Norma J. Livo, George O. Livo, The Enchanted Wood and Other Tales from Finland, →ISBN, page 5:
text: We agreed there was a pressing need for a systematic investigation of sisu, how Finns think about it, how it is propagated.
ref: 2016, Angela Duckworth, Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance, →ISBN:
text: Life requires all of us to have a certain level of sisu when things get tough, which they inevitably will.
ref: 2016, Katie Falkowski, GRIND: Greatness Rises in Each New Day: Get up, Show up, and Grind, →ISBN:
glosses: Strength of will in the face of adversity; grit; perseverance; regarded as an integral part of Finnish culture.
Related terms: word: stiff upper lip
english: similar Palestinian concept
translation: similar Palestinian concept
word: sumud
allodynia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: allodynias
Etymology: From allo- + -odynia.
Senses: coordinate_terms: CIPA
glosses: Pain produced by innocuous stimulation of normal skin.
Derived terms: allodynic
cacoepy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: [kəˈkəʊɪpɪ]
Forms: form: cacoëpy
Etymology: From Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”) + ἔπος (épos, “word”) + -ία (-ía, “-y”).
Senses: glosses: The mispronunciation of words.
Related terms: cacoepist
cacoepistic
cacoepist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cacoepists
Etymology: From cacoepy + -ist.
Senses: examples: Autodidacts sometimes end up being cacoepists.
glosses: One who engages in cacoepy, especially frequently.
Derived terms: cacoepistic adjective
Related terms: cacoepy noun
cacoepistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From cacoepy + -istic.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to mispronounced words.
Related terms: cacoepist
cacoepy
orthoepy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔː.θəʊˌiː.pi/
ipa: /ˈɔː.θəʊˌɛ.pi/
ipa: /ˈɔː.θəʊ.ɨ.pi/
ipa: /ɔːˈθəʊ.ɨ.pi/
ipa: /ˈɔɹ.θoʊˌɛ.pi/
ipa: /ɔɹˈθoʊ.ə.pi/
Forms: form: orthoepies
form: orthoëpy
form: orthoepie
form: orthöepy
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὀρθοέπεια (orthoépeia), possibly via Latin orthoepia, from Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “correct”) + ἔπος (épos, “word”) + -ία (-ía, “-y”).
Senses: antonyms: cacoepy
glosses: The study of pronunciation.
glosses: Accepted or customary pronunciation.
Coordinate terms: orthography
Derived terms: orthoepic
orthoepical
orthoepically
orthoepist
orthoepistic
orthoepistical
circumfluent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Latin circumfluere, from circum- (“around”) + fluere (“flow”).
Senses: examples: text: The deep, circumfluent waves.
ref: 1725, Homer, “Book I”, in [Elijah Fenton], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:
glosses: Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid.
Synonyms: circumfluous
anaptyxis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌænəpˈtɪksɪs/
Forms: form: anaptyxes
Etymology: Learned borrowing from New Latin anaptyxis, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπτυξις (anáptuxis).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
synonyms: linking vowel
svarabhakti
antonyms: excrescence
hypernyms: epenthesis
glosses: The epenthesis (insertion) of a vowel.
Derived terms: anaptyctic
Related terms: tmesis
paragoge
interconsonantal
inspissate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈspɪ.seɪt/
Forms: form: inspissates
form: inspissating
form: inspissated
form: inspissated
Etymology: Formed from Late Latin inspissātus (“thickened, having been made thick or thicker”), the perfect passive participle of inspissāre (“to thicken”).
Senses: examples: text: Inspissate at 85°C (moist heat) for 45 min.
ref: 2004, Ronald M. Atlas, Handbook of Microbiological Media, page 937:
glosses: To thicken a fluid, in the sense of making it more viscous, especially by boiling, evaporation, or condensation; to condense.
examples: text: Instead of allowing the juice after the incision to inspissate on the capsule, he collected it immediately, and dried it by artificial heat.
ref: 1858, George Bacon Wood, Franklin Bache, The dispensatory of the United States of America, page 551:
glosses: Of a fluid: to become more viscous.
Synonyms: sense: to thicken
word: reduce
word: thicken
Related terms: inspissation
inspissator
inspissant
spissated
spissitude
distress
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈstɹɛs/
rhymes: -ɛs
Forms: form: distresses
form: distressing
form: distressed
form: distressed
Etymology: The verb is from Middle English distressen, from Old French destrecier (“to restrain, constrain, put in straits, afflict, distress”); compare French détresse. Ultimately from Medieval Latin as if *districtiō, an assumed frequentative form of Latin distringō (“to pull asunder, stretch out”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringō (“to draw tight, strain”).
The noun is from Middle English distresse, from Old French destrece, ultimately also from Latin distringō.
Senses: examples: text: She respects me, no doubt, but has no longer any passionate feeling for me, and my death will distress her without plunging her in despair.
ref: 1827, Stendhal, chapter 31, in Armance, archived from the original on 26 Sep 2011:
synonyms: word: anguish
word: harrow
word: trouble
word: vex
word: torment
word: tantalize
word: tantalise
word: martyr
word: wring
word: afflict
word: aggrieve
word: plague
word: atray
word: cag
word: distress
word: engrieve
word: grame
word: harass
word: harrow
word: harry
word: torment
word: trouble
word: vex
word: rend
word: wring
glosses: To cause strain or anxiety to someone.
examples: text: This power of distress, as anciently used, became as oppressive as the feudal forfeiture. It was as hard for the tenant to be stripped in an instant of all his goods, for arrears of rent, as to be turned out of the possession of his farm.
ref: 1894, James Kent with William Hardcastle Browne, Commentaries on American Law, page 645:
topics: law
synonyms: distrain
glosses: To retain someone’s property against the payment of a debt; to distrain.
examples: text: a pair of distressed jeans
text: She distressed the new media cabinet so that it fit with the other furniture in the room.
text: If you don't want to be considered a dude you should distress your binoculars in the way that antique dealers distress new paintings to make them look old.
ref: 1980, Bill Oddie, Bill Oddie's Little Black Bird Book, page 58:
synonyms: age
antique
patinate
glosses: To treat a new object to give it an appearance of age.
Derived terms: undistress
ECB
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: With more than €300bn of new bonds to be issued next year, Silvio Berlusconi, prime minister, and his colleagues had reason to be grateful to the ECB.
ref: 2011 August 15, “A wind of change”, in The Financial Times:
text: The latest projections were issued after a policy meeting at ECB headquarters in Frankfurt, where the bank's governing council voted to hold interest rates steady at 1%, as expected.
ref: 2012 March 8, Ben Rooney, “ECB: Gloomy on economy, upbeat on euro”, in CNN Money:
glosses: Initialism of European Central Bank.
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Initialism of England and Wales Cricket Board (“the governing body for the sport of cricket in England and Wales”).
ECB
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Initialism of event control block (IBM).
bill of quantities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bills of quantities
Senses: synonyms: BOQ
glosses: A list, prepared by a quantity surveyor, of the quantities of materials needed for a project.
Related terms: bill of materials
bill of lading
mail relay
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mail relays
Senses: glosses: A device or program that routes an e-mail to the correct destination.
loath
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: lōth
ipa: /ləʊθ/
ipa: /loʊθ/
rhymes: -əʊθ
Forms: form: loaths
form: loathing
form: loathed
form: loathed
Senses: examples: text: To Scriptures read they muſt their leaſure frame, / Then loath they will both luſt and wanton love; […]
ref: 1576, George Whetstone, “The Castle of Delight: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 20:
text: […] O Hypocrites! ye hope for Enjoyment of Chriſt, but be perſwaded of it, Chriſt ſhall eternally loath you, and ye ſhall eternally loath Chriſt: […]
ref: 1736, Andrew Gray, “Sermon VI. Acts xxvi. 18. […]”, in Great and Precious Promises: or, Some Sermons Concerning the Promises, and the Right Application thereof. […], Glasgow: Printed by William Duncan, […], →OCLC, page 115:
glosses: Obsolete spelling of loathe.
readily
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛdɪli/
Forms: form: readilier
form: more readily
form: readiliest
form: most readily
Etymology: From Middle English redily, rediliche. By surface analysis, read(i) + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The suspect readily answered all questions the police officers asked him.
glosses: Without unwillingness or hesitation; showing readiness.
examples: text: readily available; readily achievable
text: Cantharidin, although readily decomposed by chemical agents, is so permanent in the body that it has been detected in the corpse of a cat eighty-four days after death.
ref: 1885, Alexander Wynter Blyth, Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and Experts, volume I, New York: William Wood and Co., page 430:
text: Light does not pass through water nearly as readily as it passes through air, and in order to function efficiently, an animal that lives in the water must rely on other senses in addition to light.
ref: 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 28:
text: Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
ref: 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
glosses: Without impediment, easily.
pervade
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɜː(ɹ)ˈveɪd/
ipa: /pəˈveɪd/
ipa: /pɚˈveɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
Forms: form: pervades
form: pervading
form: pervaded
form: pervaded
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin pervādō.
Senses: examples: text: Cruel wars pervade history.
text: "I ought to arise and go forth with timbrels and with dances; but, do you know, I am not inclined to revels? There has been a little—just a very little bit too much festivity so far …. Not that I don't adore dinners and gossip and dances; not that I do not love to pervade bright and glittering places.[…]"
ref: 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter II, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
text: The animals were thoroughly frightened. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some kind of invisible influence, pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers.
ref: 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
text: Even at the busiest periods, an air of quiet orderliness pervades the hall, and the first impression gained by the traveller is one of efficiency, neatness and cleanliness.
ref: 1951 October, H. A. Vallance, “Across Denmark by Lyntog”, in Railway Magazine, page 658:
glosses: To be in every part of; to spread through; to permeate.
Derived terms: pervader
pervasive
pervasiveness
caress
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈɹɛs/
rhymes: -ɛs
Forms: form: caresses
Etymology: From French caresse, from Italian carezza (“dear”), from Latin cārus (“dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂-, akin to Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love”). Doublet of karezza.
Senses: examples: text: He exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses the hearts of all who were under his command.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XVII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
text: And he wooed her with his soft caresses, / Wooed her with his smile of sunshine, […]
ref: 1855 November 10, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Four Winds”, in The Song of Hiawatha, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 26:
glosses: An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness.
glosses: A gentle stroking or rubbing.
caress
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈɹɛs/
rhymes: -ɛs
Forms: form: caresses
form: caressing
form: caressed
form: caressed
Etymology: From French caresse, from Italian carezza (“dear”), from Latin cārus (“dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂-, akin to Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love”). Doublet of karezza.
Senses: examples: text: She loves being caressed by her boyfriend.
synonyms: word: hold
word: soothe
word: stroke
word: kiss
word: canoodle
word: caress
word: chuckle
word: coax
word: cosset
word: dally
word: dandle
word: dawt
word: faddle
word: feel up
word: fond
word: fondle
word: grabble
word: grope
word: nantle
word: pet
word: pettle
word: shift
word: smuggle
word: tiddle
word: touch up
word: buss
word: goozer
word: kiss
word: lallygag
word: lips
word: lock lips
word: osculate
word: pash
word: play tonsil hockey
word: smooch
word: snog
word: suck face
word: swap spit
glosses: To touch or kiss lovingly; to fondle.
examples: text: The love and anguish in his voice caressed my mind and soul.
ref: 2012, Mel Berry, Graceful Intentions, page 1:
glosses: To affect as if with a caress.
Derived terms: caressable
caressingly
caressive
uncaressed
ESCB
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Initialism of European System of Central Banks.
fondle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɒndəl/
rhymes: -ɒndəl
Forms: form: fondles
form: fondling
form: fondled
form: fondled
Etymology: From fond (“love, admire”) + -le (frequentative suffix).
Senses: examples: text: Mothers fondle their babies.
synonyms: dandle
pet
touch up
glosses: To touch or stroke lovingly.
examples: text: The lovers fondled each other.
synonyms: word: clutch
word: grab
word: nim
word: beclasp
word: begrasp
word: begrip
word: belock
word: clasp
word: clench
word: clinch
word: cling
word: clutch
word: enclasp
word: fang
word: fondle
word: glaum
word: grab
word: grabble
word: grasp
word: grip
word: hang on
word: hold on
word: hold tight
word: hold
word: nab
word: nim
word: seize
word: stranglehold
word: take
glosses: To grasp.
Synonyms: word: canoodle
word: caress
word: chuckle
word: coax
word: cosset
word: dally
word: dandle
word: dawt
word: faddle
word: feel up
word: fond
word: fondle
word: grabble
word: grope
word: nantle
word: pet
word: pettle
word: shift
word: smuggle
word: tiddle
word: touch up
Hypernyms: word: act sexually
word: rub
Hyponyms: word: muzzle
word: nestle
word: nuzzle
word: snug
word: snuggle
word: tit up
Coordinate terms: word: embrace
word: kiss
Derived terms: fondleable
fondler
fondleslab
fondlesome
fondlingly
overfondle
unfondled
Related terms: word: cop a feel
word: get to second base
word: make out
word: massage
fondle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɒndəl/
rhymes: -ɒndəl
Forms: form: fondles
Etymology: From fond (“love, admire”) + -le (frequentative suffix).
Senses: examples: text: I gave the sleeping dog's ears a fondle as I walked past.
glosses: A caress.
titillate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪtɪleɪt/
Forms: form: titillates
form: titillating
form: titillated
form: titillated
Etymology: From Latin tītillātus, from tītillāre (“to tickle”).
Senses: examples: text: The dancer titillated her audience with gyrations and suggestive movements.
glosses: To stimulate or excite sensually.
Derived terms: titillating
Related terms: titillation
laundry list
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: laundry lists
Senses: examples: text: Learn how to make out a laundry list and to check it when the laundry comes home.
ref: 1920, Scouting for Girls: Official Handbook of the Girl Scouts, First Edition, The Girl Scouts, Inc., page 126
glosses: Originally, a list of articles of clothing that had been sent to be laundered.
examples: text: Among the laundry list of inconveniences most of us can't abide: cold coffee, airport delays, the high price of gasoline.
ref: 2007 July 31, Ceri Au, “Fighting for the Right to Flush”, in Time:
text: The senior Liberal Democrat, echoing the private views of other senior figures across parties, said a daily "laundry list" sent out by the party headquarters contributes to the "diminution of individual expression or even thought in politics" as politicians are expected to repeat a positive central message over and over again.
ref: 2013 October 31, Rowena Mason, quoting David Steel, “Lord Steel criticises culture of spin and tweeting in modern politics”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: The MAGA masses are growing disillusioned with Justice Department officials who are failing to deliver damning information on a laundry list of hot-button issues — especially Jeffrey Epstein's suicide.
ref: 2025 May 20, Tal Axelrod, “MAGA faithful grow frustrated with Trump's Justice Department”, in Axios:
synonyms: litany
glosses: A long and often tedious list of items.
glosses: An unrealistic list of skills, qualifications and experiences, as demanded by employers when hiring staff.
glosses: An equally unrealistic skill set claimed by a candidate on a résumé.
Related terms: sense: generally
word: laundry mark
sense: generally
word: checklist
sense: generally
word: shopping list
sense: generally
word: to-do list
sense: unrealistic list of skills
word: purple squirrel
sense: unrealistic list of skills
word: unicorn
pertinent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpətɪnənt/
ipa: /ˈpɚtɪnənt/
Forms: form: pertinents
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English pertinent, borrowed from Old French pertinent and Latin pertinēns, pertinentem.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: A right that attaches to land, in Scots law.
pertinent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpətɪnənt/
ipa: /ˈpɚtɪnənt/
Forms: form: more pertinent
form: most pertinent
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English pertinent, borrowed from Old French pertinent and Latin pertinēns, pertinentem.
Senses: examples: text: Fourthly, I have made an effort to call the attention of the reader to the pertinent literature.
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page viii:
antonyms: nonpertinent
coordinate_terms: semipertinent
glosses: Important with regard to (a subject or matter); pertaining; relevant.
Synonyms: word: applicable
word: apposite
word: apt
word: felicitous
word: germane
word: in point
word: material
topics: legal
law
word: on point
word: on-topic
word: pertinent
word: relevant
word: salient
word: to the point
Hypernyms: word: connected
Derived terms: pertinently
pertinentness
Related terms: word: impertinent
word: pertain
word: pertinence
word: pertinency
word: unpertinent
word: pertinently
word: requisite
word: suitable
insinuate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/
Forms: form: more insinuate
form: most insinuate
Etymology: First attested in 1529; Borrowed from Latin īnsinuātus, perfect passive participle of īnsinuō (“to push in, creep in, steal in”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + sinus (“a winding, bend, bay, fold, bosom”) -ō (verb-forming suffix). Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: The great mistery of Christes passyon […] lyttle and lyttle at sundry seasons to bee sygnifyed and insinuate conueniently to man.
ref: 1534, Thomas More, Treatise upon the Passion, I. The First Lecture:
glosses: Insinuated.
raw_tags: as a participle
rifled slug
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rifled slugs
Senses: glosses: A shotgun cartridge having only a single projectile, with oblique grooves on the projectile causing it to spin and thus increasing accuracy.