cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
lawnmower
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɔːn.məʊ.ə/
ipa: /ˈlɔn.moʊ.ɚ/
ipa: /ˈlɑn.moʊ.ɚ/
Forms: form: lawnmowers
form: lawn mower
form: lawn-mower
Etymology: From lawn + mower.
Senses: examples: text: We replaced our old electric lawnmower with a new cordless one.
text: It is only a small school, but this year the committee has expended £105 in reforming the garden, painting the fences, making a tennis court and lawn, purchasing a lawnmower etc.
ref: 1877, Queensland Department of Public Instruction, Report of the Secretary for Public Instruction:
text: here was an ordinary man out of the city directory that subscribes for magazines and pushes the lawnmower in his shirt-sleeves of evenings.
ref: 1912, O. Henry, Rolling Stones:
text: Silence reigned, broken only by the hideous screeching of vultures and the sound of a lawn-mower being used in the hospital grounds.
ref: 1936, F.J. Thwaites, The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards Publishing, published 1940, page 58:
glosses: A device used for cutting grass to a chosen height, typically of landscaped lawns of residences or institutions.
examples: text: We hired a third lawnmower for the spring and summer.
glosses: A person who landscapes and in particular mows lawns.
qualifier: preceded by definite article
glosses: A dance move in which the dancer mimics using a petrol lawn mower by pulling the starter cord and then pushing the mower forwards to the beat of the music.
Hyponyms: rotary mower
reel mower
push mower
riding mower
electric lawn mower
robotic lawn mower
Derived terms: riding lawnmower
vortex
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɔɹtɛks/
rhymes: -ɔɹtɛks
Forms: form: vortexes
form: vortexing
form: vortexed
form: vortexed
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin vortex. Doublet of vertex.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To mix using a vortex mixer.
flip-flops
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of flip-flop
flip-flops
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of flip-flop
polo shirt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpəʊləʊ ˌʃɜːt/
ipa: /ˈpoʊloʊ ˌʃɝt/
Forms: form: polo shirts
Etymology: From polo + shirt; so called because they were initially modeled on the type of shirt worn from the 1920s by polo players.
Senses: examples: text: […] the necessity for yet another place at which to buy a polo shirt or a pair of flip-flops may not be apparent to the town's residents […]
ref: 2004 August 30, The New Yorker, page 38:
synonyms: golf shirt
tennis shirt
glosses: A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).
Related terms: rugby shirt
cargo shorts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The service makes available, during limited weekend hours, a handful of the company's items – cargo shorts, tank tops, and the like – to the Hamptons house guest who discovers that he can't make it to Monday without purchasing one of those weird madras patchwork blazers
ref: 2004 August 30, The New Yorker, page 38:
glosses: Casual short trousers with pockets, originally designed for outdoor activities.
Related terms: cargo pants
tank top
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tank tops
form: tanktop
form: tank-top
Etymology: The upper part of a tank suit worn by female swimmers in modester times when swimming pools were called swimming tanks.
Senses: examples: text: The service makes available, during limited weekend hours, a handful of the company's items – cargo shorts, tank tops, and the like – to the Hamptons house guest who discovers that he can't make it to Monday without purchasing one of those weird madras patchwork blazers.
ref: 2004 August 30, The New Yorker, page 38:
synonyms: tank
glosses: An item of casual clothing: a top with no sleeves.
glosses: The top of a ship's bilge tank, usually the lowest horizontal surface on board.
Derived terms: peekaboo tank top
tank-topped
Related terms: word: singlet
word: T-shirt
word: vest
alt: or wife-beater, wife beater
word: wifebeater
pre-distressed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: predistressed
Etymology: From pre- + distressed.
Senses: examples: text: a new pre-distressed J.Crew cap
ref: 2004 August 30, The New Yorker, page 38:
text: People today love pre-distressed denim for the same reason earlier generations loved singing cowboys. They're beautiful fictions that allow us to live in the most comfortable parts of our past without enduring the pain that truly went along with it.
ref: 2022, Carolyn Purnell, Blue Jeans, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 45:
glosses: Already distressed before purchase, artificially made to look worn and old.
raw_tags: of clothes or furniture
underdog
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: underdogs
Etymology: From under- + dog.
Senses: examples: text: They were the underdogs in the basketball competition.
text: In Athens, the Americans are underdogs to the Chinese and the Canadians (the Canadians!)
ref: 2004 August 30, The New Yorker, page 40:
text: The visit of a Championship side would not normally send a shiver down their spine but they knew that Wigan were underdogs who would snap at their heels and that they possessed a potent bite if they were not kept on a firm leash.
ref: 2014 March 9, Jacob Steinberg, “Wigan shock Manchester City in FA Cup again to reach semi-finals”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: little guy
rank outsider
glosses: A competitor thought unlikely to win.
examples: text: Laszlo: Isn't it strange that you always happened to be fighting on the side of the underdog?
Rick: Yes. I found that a very expensive hobby, too. But then I never was much of a businessman.
ref: 1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca:
synonyms: bottom dog
glosses: Somebody at a disadvantage.
glosses: A high swing wherein the person pushing the swing runs beneath the swing while the person being pushed is at the forward limit of the arc.
Related terms: also-ran
dark horse
cannonball
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkænənˌbɔːl/
Forms: form: cannonballs
Etymology: From cannon + ball from being a round ball that is fired from a cannon.
Senses: topics: engineering
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
tools
war
weaponry
synonyms: solid shot
ball
round shot
glosses: A spherical projectile fired from a smoothbore cannon.
topics: engineering
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
tools
war
weaponry
glosses: An explosive-filled hollow iron sphere fused through a hole and intended to explode at a calculated distance rather than explode on impact.
examples: The New Yorker, 30 August 2004, p.40
The cannonball could be called the S.U.V. of the pool — oversized, brash, hormonally hardwired.
topics: diving
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The act of jumping (typically into a swimming pool) with the legs bent and the arms wrapped around the knees to create a large splash, mimicking the flight and shape of a cannonball.
examples: text: Meetings of the model train club always begin with the song "Wabash Cannonball".
glosses: Something that moves fast, especially a fast train.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
tennis
glosses: A served ball that travels with great speed and describes little or no arc in flight.
Derived terms: cannonball effect
cannonballer
cannonball fungus
cannonball mangrove
cannonball problem
cannonball run
cannonball tree
human cannonball
Related terms: jack-knife
bellyflop
backflop
rip entry
cannonball
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkænənˌbɔːl/
Forms: form: cannonballs
form: cannonballing
form: cannonballed
form: cannonballed
Etymology: From cannon + ball from being a round ball that is fired from a cannon.
Senses: examples: text: He cannonballed into the pool, drenching us all.
glosses: To jump or dive into water, performing a cannonball landing.
examples: text: The car cannonballed past.
glosses: To career; to move rapidly.
jack-knife
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jack-knives
form: jackknife
Senses: examples: text: He kept a jack-knife in his pocket for various tasks.
glosses: A compact folding knife.
examples: text: It took me hundreds of dives to master even the simple jackknife.
glosses: The front-dive pike, in which the body folds and unfolds.
examples: text: I have seen several jack-knives along that dangerous stretch of road.
glosses: A semi-trailer truck accident in which the vehicle mimics the closing of a jack-knife.
topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
glosses: Alternative spelling of jackknife.
Derived terms: jack-knife barber
Related terms: word: clasp-knife
word: flick knife
word: penknife
english: or pocket knife
translation: or pocket knife
word: pocketknife
word: Swiss Army knife
word: switchblade
jack-knife
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: jack-knifes
form: jack-knifing
form: jack-knifed
form: jack-knifed
form: jackknife
Senses: examples: text: The cat jackknifed in the air and landed gracefully on its feet.
text: There was a world inside that tall grass. You could plop yourself down in the middle of it with the scraggly stems against the back of your neck and the endless grasses rising up and jackknifing against the bigbluesky, and the ranch and all of its players would fade into a distant dream.
ref: 2009, Reif Larsen, The Selected Works of T.S. Spivet, Pinguin Books, page 37:
glosses: To fold in the middle, as a jackknife does.
examples: text: Before I knew what was happening, I'd jack-knifed the truck.
text: Before I knew what was happening, I'd jack-knifed.
glosses: To cause a semi-trailer truck to fold like a jackknife in a traffic accident.
dogleg
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒɡlɛɡ/
ipa: /ˈdɔɡˌlɛɡ/
Forms: form: doglegs
form: dog-leg
Etymology: The noun is derived from dog + leg, referring to the shape of the hind leg of a dog. The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: topics: architecture
glosses: Something (such as a canyon or road) with a sharp bend or turn in it.
A configuration of stairs where a flight ascends to a half-landing before turning 180 degrees and continuing upwards.
topics: golf
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Something (such as a canyon or road) with a sharp bend or turn in it.
A sharp bend in the fairway before reaching a hole.
qualifier: disc golf
examples: text: The Q Street crossing of Wisconsin Avenue is an extreme example of such a location, the dog-leg itself being so long, about 150 feet, that in reality two T intersections exist.
ref: 1962 May 24, Arthur A., Jr. Carter, Increasing the Traffic-Carrying Capability of Urban Arterial Streets: The Wisconsin Avenue Study, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Public Roads, page 39:
text: At 4th Avenue and Korean Veterans Boulevard, the completion of Gateway Boulevard would correct the existing dog-leg intersection with Franklin Street.
ref: 2009 July 24, Gateway Boulevard Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration, page 3-6:
text: McCormack had been stalking its corridors for months, turning down its dog-legs and dead ends, doubling back on himself.
ref: 2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 15:
glosses: A single intersection consisting of two opposing T-junctions in close proximity; an intersection with a staggered cross street.
Synonyms: sense: intersection consisting of two opposing T-intersections
word: staggered crossroads
sense: intersection consisting of two opposing T-intersections
word: staggered junction
Related terms: hairpin
offset T-intersection
switchback
dogleg
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒɡlɛɡ/
ipa: /ˈdɔɡˌlɛɡ/
Forms: form: doglegs
form: doglegging
form: doglegged
form: doglegged
form: dog-leg
Etymology: The noun is derived from dog + leg, referring to the shape of the hind leg of a dog. The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: examples: text: When the causeway doglegs and all of a sudden you spot sixteen roller coasters in the same place, it can take your breath away.
ref: 2004 August 30, The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 48, column 2:
glosses: To bend in the shape of the hind leg of a dog, especially to turn and then turn back sharply to the original direction.
devastate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/
ipa: /ˈdev.ə.stæɪt/
Forms: form: devastates
form: devastating
form: devastated
form: devastated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin dēvastātus, perfect passive participle of dēvastō (“to lay waste, devastate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)); from dē- (augmentative prefix) + vastō (“to destroy, lay waste”). See vast. First attested in 1638.
Senses: examples: text: Halifax in Canada was devastated by a ship exploding in 1917. SS Mont Blanc, a French vessel loaded with 2.9 kilotons of explosives, collided with the Imo.
ref: 2022 August 24, Bruce Healey, “Wartime tunnel crash: a miraculous escape”, in RAIL, number 964, page 53:
glosses: To ruin many or all things over a large area, such as most or all buildings of a city, or cities of a region, or trees of a forest.
glosses: To destroy a whole collection of related ideas, beliefs, and strongly held opinions.
glosses: To break beyond recovery or repair so that the only options are abandonment or the clearing away of useless remains (if any) and starting over.
glosses: To greatly demoralize, to cause to suffer intense grief or dismay
Synonyms: sense: to lay waste
word: decimate
word: destroy
english: to structures
translation: to structures
word: raze
word: ruin
Derived terms: word: devastated
word: devastating
word: devastative
Related terms: devastation
devastavit
bard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑːd/
ipa: /bɑɹd/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d
homophone: barred
Forms: form: bards
Etymology: (15th c.) from Scottish Gaelic bàrd, from Old Irish bard, from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard, poet”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“praise”), and reinforced by Latin bardus, borrowed from Celtic. Cognate with Latin grātus (“grateful, pleasant, delightful”), Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇāti, “calls, praises”), Old Church Slavonic жрьти (žrĭti, “to sacrifice”).
Senses: examples: text: He is a Welsh bard, and a man full of animation, anecdote, and independence; […]
ref: 1837, Richard Llwyd, The Poetical Works of Richard Llwyd, the Bard of Snowdon:
text: A WEAPON, THE WARRIOR CARRIES. A SAW, THE IDIOT CARRIES. AN INSTRUMENT, THE BARD CARRIES.
ref: 2023, Rundisc, Chants of Sennaar, Focus Entertainment, via Nintendo Switch, level/area: Gardens:
glosses: A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.
examples: text: Shakespeare is known as the bard of Avon.
glosses: A poet.
examples: text: I saw a bard work a bit of magic once. He brought up a volunteer from the audience, insulted him in rather colorful fashion, and then made the man forget the insults—and then he did the same trick all over again, twice more.”
ref: 2015 August 18, Tim Pratt, Pathfinder Tales: Reign of Stars, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 116:
text: "Having a bard would be even less helpful than having a second wizard, " John interjects.
ref: 2024 January 9, Kristy Boyce, Dungeons and Drama, Delacorte Press, →ISBN, page 66:
topics: fantasy
qualifier: roleplaying games
glosses: A class of character that typically focuses on charisma, magic and supporting other players; a fantasy fiction character inspired by this archetype.
Derived terms: Bard
bardcore
bardcraft
bardess
bardic
bardie
bardish
bardism
bardlet
bardlike
bardling
bardolator
bardolatry
bardship
bard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑːd/
ipa: /bɑɹd/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d
homophone: barred
Forms: form: bards
Etymology: From French barde. English since the late 15th century.
Senses: glosses: A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. (Often in the plural.)
glosses: Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.
glosses: The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.
glosses: Specifically, Peruvian bark.
bard
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑːd/
ipa: /bɑɹd/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d
homophone: barred
Forms: form: bards
form: barding
form: barded
form: barded
Etymology: From French barde. English since the late 15th century.
Senses: examples: text: The defensive armor with which the horses of the ancient knights or men at arms were covered, or, to use the language of the time, barded, consisted of the following pieces made either of metal or jacked leather, the Chamfron, Chamfrein or Shaffron, the Criniere or Main Facre, the Poitrenal, Poitral or Breast Plate, and the Croupiere or Buttock Piece.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:
glosses: To cover a horse in defensive armor.
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.
barb
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: barbs
form: barbing
form: barbed
form: barbed
Etymology: PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbe, from Middle French barbe, from Old French barbe (“beard, beard-like element”). Doublet of beard.
Senses: examples: text: […] for this day will pour down, / If I conjecture aught, no drizzling shower, / But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 544–546:
text: Undoubtedly—when Ingratitude barbs the Dart of Injury—the wound has double danger in it—
ref: 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, IV.iii:
text: Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
ref: 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:
text: Her coat was a tangled mass, barbed with last year's burs, matted disgustingly with cow dung.
ref: 1944, Emily Carr, “Meg the Worker”, in The House of All Sorts:
glosses: To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.
glosses: To cut (hair).
glosses: To shave or dress the beard of.
examples: text: O thou pale ſober night, / […] / The ſtooping Sitheman that dooth barbe the field, / Thou makſt winke ſure: […]
ref: c. 1603 (date written), Iohn Marston, The Malcontent, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for William Aspley, […], published 1604, →OCLC, Act III, scene ii:
glosses: To clip; to mow.
barb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: barbs
Etymology: Clipping of Barbary.
Senses: examples: text: Why sends not the Bridegroom his promised gift, / Is his heart more cold, or his barb less swift?
ref: 1813, Lord Byron, The Giaour, a Fragment of a Turkish Tale, 8th edition, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], for John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 34, lines 699–700:
text: However, in the last few years, the stud farms in Morocco and elsewhere in the world have rediscovered the qualities of the barb, which, in Berber tradition, remains the king of the "fantasias", a festival that is also becoming fashionable once again.
ref: 2009 October, Laurent Roustan, “The Horse, Present since the Dawn of Time”, in Alphatrad Internationale, transl., Au Royaume du Cheval: Les Haras Nationaux du Maroc [In the Kingdom of the Horse: The National Studs of Morocco], Souyri, Aveyron, France: Editions Au fil du Temps, →ISBN:
english: In the Kingdom of the Horse: The National Studs of Morocco
translation: In the Kingdom of the Horse: The National Studs of Morocco
glosses: The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduced from Barbary into Spain by the Moors.
glosses: A blackish or dun variety of pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.
barb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: barbs
Etymology: Clipping of barbiturate.
Senses: examples: text: The benzos, it turns out, are just as highly addicting as the barbs, but they do have a much lower potential to cause death by overdose. […] The barbs became one of the most widely abused classes of drugs in the 1960s and 1970s.
ref: 1998, Jerry Dorsman, How to Quit Drugs for Good: A Complete Self-Help Guide, New York, NY: Three Rivers Press, →ISBN, page 50:
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
coordinate_terms: benzo
glosses: A barbiturate.
barb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: barbs
Etymology: Corruption of bard.
Senses: examples: text: The defensive armor with the horses of the ancient knights ... These are frequently, though improperly, stiled barbs.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:
glosses: Armor for a horse.
barb
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: barbs
form: barbing
form: barbed
form: barbed
Etymology: Corruption of bard.
Senses: examples: text: And now, in stead of mounting barbed steeds / To fright the souls of fearful adversaries, / He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber[…].
ref: c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 10:
glosses: To cover a horse in armor.
chamfron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃam.fɹən/
ipa: /ˈtʃæm.fɹən/
Forms: form: chamfrons
Etymology: From Old French chanfrain, presumably from champ, chanp (“field, battlefield”) + frein (“bit (between a horse's teeth)”).
Senses: examples: text: The defensive armor with which the horses of the ancient knights or men at arms were covered, or, to use the language of the time, barded, consisted of the following pieces made either of metal or jacked leather, the Chamfron, Chamfrein or Shaffron, the Criniere or Main Facre, the Poitrenal, Poitral or Breast Plate, and the Croupiere or Buttock Piece.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:
text: the Sable Knight dealt a stroke on his head, which, glancing from the polished helmet, lighted with violence scarcely abated on the “chamfron” of the steed, and Front-de-Boeuf rolled on the ground, both horse and man equally stunned by the fury of the blow.
ref: 1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:
text: His charger wore a blanket of enameled crimson scales and gilded crinet and chamfron, while Lord Tywin himself sported a thick ermine cloak.
ref: 1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 555:
glosses: Protective armor for a horse's head, especially the face and ears.
Related terms: frentera
testera
chanfron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chanfrons
Senses: examples: text: The Chanfron, Chamfrein, or Shaffron took it's denomination from that part of the horse's head it covered, and was a kind of mask of iron, copper, or brass, and sometimes of jacked leather, enclosing the face and ears, some of these chanfrons seem to have been contrived as to hinder a horse from seeing right before him, perhaps to prevent his being intimidated by any object against which he might be directed, so as to cause him to start aside, or lessen the celerity of his charge.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:
glosses: Alternative form of chamfron (protective armor for a horse's head, especially the face and ears).
divide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈvaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: divides
Etymology: PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English dividen, from Latin dīvidere (“to divide”). Displaced native Old English tōdǣlan.
Senses: examples: text: Stay on your side of the divide, please.
glosses: A thing that divides.
examples: text: The divide left most of the good land on my share of the property.
text: The extended instruction set may double the speed again if a lot of multiplies and divides are done.
ref: 1975, Byte, numbers 1-8, page 14:
glosses: An act of dividing.
examples: text: There is a great divide between us.
glosses: A distancing between two people or things.
examples: text: If you're heading to the coast, you'll have to cross the divide first.
text: The team crossed streams and jumped across deep, narrow divides in the glacier.
text: Carrying light packs they left camp at daylight the next morning. Trails there were none; but they followed the general course of a small creek, crossed a divide, and dipped down into a beautifully timbered valley watered by a swift, large creek of almost riverlike dimensions.
ref: 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:
topics: geography
natural-sciences
glosses: A large chasm, gorge, or ravine between two areas of land.
topics: geography
hydrology
natural-sciences
glosses: The topographical boundary dividing two adjacent catchment basins, such as a ridge or a crest.
Derived terms: cultural divide
great divide
chamfrein
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chamfreins
Etymology: See chamfron.
Senses: examples: text: The Chanfron, Chamfrein, or Shaffron took it's denomination from that part of the horse's head it covered, and was a kind of mask of iron, copper, or brass, and sometimes of jacked leather, enclosing the face and ears, some of these chanfrons seem to have been contrived as to hinder a horse from seeing right before him, perhaps to prevent his being intimidated by any object against which he might be directed, so as to cause him to start aside, or lessen the celerity of his charge.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:
glosses: Alternative form of chamfron (protective armor for a horse's head, especially the face and ears).
shaffron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃæfɹən/
ipa: /-ɑn/
rhymes: -æfɹən
Forms: form: shaffrons
Senses: examples: text: The Chanfron, Chamfrein, or Shaffron took it's denomination from that part of the horse's head it covered, and was a kind of mask of iron, copper, or brass, and sometimes of jacked leather, enclosing the face and ears, some of these chanfrons seem to have been contrived as to hinder a horse from seeing right before him, perhaps to prevent his being intimidated by any object against which he might be directed, so as to cause him to start aside, or lessen the celerity of his charge.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:
glosses: Alternative form of chamfron (“protective armor for a horse's head”).
criniere
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɹinˈjɛəɹ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Forms: form: crinieres
form: crinière
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French criniere.
Senses: examples: text: The Criniere or Manefaire consisted of a number of small plates, generally about twelve, hooked together and to the chanfron, so as to be moveable, their use was to guard the neck of the horse from the stroke of a cutting sword.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:
synonyms: crinet
glosses: Protective armor for a horse's neck.
manefaire
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪnfɛə/
ipa: /ˈmeɪnfɛəɹ/
Forms: form: manefaires
form: mainfaire
Etymology: From Middle English mayndefer, maynfer, and maynefere, attested in lists of armor used by men and their horses. In the 17- and 1800s, Francis Grose, Samuel Rush Meyrick and other antiquarians took the term to denote a horse's neck armor, connecting it to mane; Harold Dillon, 17th Viscount Dillon and Charles John ffoulkes have argued that this is an error and that term referred to a kind of gauntlet, from French main de fer (literally “hand of iron”), now often spelled manifer.
Senses: examples: text: The Criniere or Manefaire consisted of a number of small plates, generally about twelve, hooked together and to the chanfron, so as to be moveable, their use was to guard the neck of the horse from the stroke of a cutting sword.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:
text: The horse of a knight […] has a large criniere of mail pendant from the manefaire. […] The knight who carries the standard of Kybourgh has a manefaire on his horse of little plates rivetted on cloth, with a criniere below, and the bearer of the flag of Reineck, a poitrel on his horse, […]
ref: 1842, S.R. Meyrick, A Critical Inquiry Into Antient Armour, as it Existed in Europe, Particularly in Great Britain, from the Norman Conquest to the Reign of King Charles II: Ill. by a Series of Illuminated Engravings : with a Glossary of Military Terms of the Middle Ages, page 202:
text: The then proceeded to prove to Sir Philip Beauchamp, that the suit would not be complete without the testière, the chanfron, and the manefaire and poitral of the horse to correspond; […]
ref: 1844, George Payne Rainsford James, Agincourt: A Romance, page 142:
qualifier: possibly erroneous
glosses: Protective armor for a horse's neck; a crinet or criniere.
wikipedia: Charles ffoulkes
Francis Grose
Harold Dillon, 17th Viscount Dillon
Samuel Rush Meyrick
poitrinal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /pɔɪ.tɹin.əl/
Forms: form: poitrinals
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French poitrinal.
Senses: examples: text: The Poitrinal, Pectoral, or Breast Plate was formed of plates of metal rivetted together, which covered the breast and shoulders of the horse, it was commonly adorned with foliage, or other ornaments engraved or embossed.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:
glosses: Synonym of poitrel (“chest-armor for a horse”).
synonyms: word: poitrel
extra: chest-armor for a horse
glosses: Obsolete spelling of petronel (“firearm”).
Related terms: poitrine
poitrel
petronel
pectoral
pectoral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛk.tə.ɹəl/
ipa: /pɛkˈtoɹəl/
Etymology: All senses are ultimately from Latin pectorālis, but some may have come through Old French and Middle English.
Senses: examples: text: the pectoral muscles
text: Clad in red robes and a gold pectoral cross, Agostini finally lowered his gaze as he crossed the marble floor.
ref: 1985, Stephen Marley, Managra, page 14:
text: ... footballers, fashionable Counsel, corrupt parliamentarians, glistening Under Secretaries from helpful Whitehall Ministries, Greek shipowners, cockney hairdressers, unlisted maharajahs, drunk magistrates, venal mayors, ruling princes of countries that have ceased to exist, prelates in suède boots and pectoral crosses...
ref: 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:
glosses: Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest.
examples: text: But, in general, a few days' confinement, abstinence from flesh meat, and frequent sippings of some tepid pectoral drink, sufficed for the cure.
ref: 1852, Theophilus Thompson, Annals of Influenza Or Epidemic Catarrhal Fever in Great Britain from 1510 to 1837, page 107:
glosses: Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs.
examples: text: the pectoral sandpiper
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Having the breast conspicuously colored.
Derived terms: antepectoral
clavipectoral
coracopectoral
deltopectoral
interpectoral
lateral pectoral nerve
neopectoral
pectoral angina
pectorally
pectoral quail
pectoral theology
subpectoral
pectoral
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛk.tə.ɹəl/
ipa: /pɛkˈtoɹəl/
Forms: form: pectorals
Etymology: All senses are ultimately from Latin pectorālis, but some may have come through Old French and Middle English.
Senses: glosses: A pectoral fin.
examples: text: The Poitrinal, Pectoral, or Breast Plate was formed of plates of metal rivetted together, which covered the breast and shoulders of the horse, it was commonly adorned with foliage, or other ornaments engraved or embossed.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:
synonyms: poitrel
glosses: Protective armor for a horse's breast.
glosses: A covering or protection for the breast.
glosses: A breastplate, especially that worn by the Jewish high priest.
topics: ecclesiastical
lifestyle
religion
glosses: A clasp, cross, or ornamental square of cloth etc. worn upon the breast.
glosses: An ancient Egyptian item of jewelry worn upon the chest, often part of (or constituting) a necklace or collar.
glosses: A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.
Derived terms: genupectoral
pec
pectoral arch
pectoral cross
pectoral fin
pectoral girdle
pectoral muscle
pectoral rail
pectoral sandpiper
prepectoral
retropectoral
Related terms: Pectoral in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
croupiere
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /kɹupˈjɛəɹ/
Forms: form: croupieres
Etymology: Borrowed from French croupière. Doublet of crupper.
Senses: examples: text: The Croupiere or Buttock Piece was also some times formed of plates of copper, brass or iron, though often of jacked leather, when the chanfron and poitrinal were of metal.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:
glosses: Synonym of crupper (“armor for a horse's buttocks”).
synonyms: word: crupper
extra: armor for a horse's buttocks
layer
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɛə/
note: less often
ipa: /ˈleɪ.ə/
ipa: /ˈleɪ.ɚ/
note: less often
ipa: /lɛɚ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
rhymes: -eɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lair (monosyllabic form)
Forms: form: layers
form: layering
form: layered
form: layered
Etymology: Appears at first glance to be from Middle English leyer, leyare (“a layer of stones or bricks”), equivalent to lay + -er. In which case, ultimately identical to etymology 2 below. For the pronunciation compare prayer.
However, this word layer (referring to a thickness of a material covering a surface) has also been argued to be from a respelling of an obsolete sense of the word lair that was once used by farmers, which had to do with soil. The connecting sense between the usual meaning of lair and the specialised farming meaning was: an area where cows typically rest, the ground being fertilised by their waste. Related to lie, ledger.
Senses: glosses: To cut or divide into layers.
examples: text: Layer the ribbons on top of one another to make an attractive pattern.
glosses: To arrange in layers.
layer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɛə/
note: less often
ipa: /ˈleɪ.ə/
ipa: /ˈleɪ.ɚ/
note: less often
ipa: /lɛɚ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
rhymes: -eɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lair (monosyllabic form)
ipa: /ˈleɪ.ə/
rhymes: -eɪə(ɹ)
ipa: /lɛə/
note: less often
ipa: /ˈleɪ.ə/
ipa: /ˈleɪ.ɚ/
note: less often
ipa: /lɛɚ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
rhymes: -eɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lair (monosyllabic form)
Forms: form: layers
Etymology: From lay + -er.
Senses: examples: text: If fortune ever favoured any venturesome layer of bets, Tom Elliot was certainly the one that day.
ref: 1890, The Argosy, volume 49, page 183:
glosses: A person who lays anything, such as tiles or a wager.
examples: text: As for which hen we'll cull for next Sunday's dinner, we certainly won't eat Henrietta yet — she's still a prime layer.
text: When dealing with an infestation of headlice, the first step is to eliminate the layers.
glosses: A mature female bird, insect, etc. that is able to lay eggs.
examples: text: “Mrs. Boast can’t have got all these from one hatching,” [Ma] said. “I do believe there’s not more than two cockerels among them.” “The Boasts have got such a head-start with chickens, likely they’re planning to eat friers this summer,” said Pa. “It may be she took a few cockerels out of this flock, looking on them as meat.” “Yes, and replaced them with pullets that will be layers,” Ma guessed. “It would be Mrs. Boast all over. A more generous woman never lived.”
ref: 1941, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Little Town on the Prairie:
text: We keep a flock of layers and flock of broilers.
glosses: A mature female bird, insect, etc. that is able to lay eggs.
A hen kept to lay eggs; a breed of chicken bred to maximize laying output.
coordinate_terms: broiler#Noun
fryer#Noun
roaster#Noun
stewer#Noun
glosses: A shoot of a plant, laid underground for growth.
Derived terms: blocklayer
bricklayer
carpetlayer
egglayer
gunlayer
minelayer
net layer
pipelayer
stonelayer
tracklayer
baudrick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: baudricks
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of baldric.
baldrick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: baldricks
Senses: examples: text: And the bright green belt on his body he bore, oblique, like a baldrick, bound at his side below his left shoulder, laced in a knot...
ref: 1400?, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, line 2485.
text: That a woman conceiv'd me, I thank her; that she brought me up, I likewise give her most humble thanks; but that I will have a rechate winded in my forehead, or hang my bugle in an invisible baldrick, all women shall pardon me.
ref: 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 238:
text: And from his blazoned baldrick slung, a mighty silver bugle hung...
ref: 1800?, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Lady Of Shalott, part III, verse 2
text: The sword was carried in a belt of buff or other leather girded round the body, or thrown over the right shoulder, these shoulder belts were called baudricks.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 33:
glosses: Alternative form of baldric.
Derived terms: baldricked
calash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -æʃ
Forms: form: calashes
Etymology: From French calèche.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of calèche (“type of carriage with low wheels”).
examples: text: Mrs. Lobb, an elderly lady, in a green calash, from the sign of the ‘Fan’, in Dyot-street, St. Giles's, was announced by Kit Finney, the mason's son, as wishing to see Mr. Nollekens.
ref: 1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson, published 1986, page 242:
glosses: A silk and whalebone hood worn by ladies to shade the face.
hacker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hækə/
ipa: /hækəɹ/
rhymes: -ækə(ɹ)
Forms: form: hackers
Etymology: Possibly from hack(ney cab) (“carriage pulled by a hackney horse, or motorized vehicle, available for public hire”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).
Senses: examples: text: Start runnin' for a streetcar and they open up with machine guns and bump two pedestrians, a hacker asleep in his cab, and an old scrubwoman on the second floor workin' a mop. And they miss the guy they're after.
ref: 1938 January, Raymond Chandler, “Red Wind. Chapter 3.”, in Trouble is My Business, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, published May 1965, →OCLC, page 173:
text: Washington Hacker Charles A. Culp and his pet macaw parrot, Capt. Bligh, ran afoul of the law when a policeman charged Culp with failure to give full time and attention to driving, because he was tickling Capt. Bligh who has a perch in the cab.
ref: 1965 January 24, “Bird costs cabbie $10”, in The Hartford Courant, daily edition, number CXXVIII, Hartford, Conn.: The Hartford Courant Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4A, columns 4–5:
text: "That's Brooklyn," the hacker said, his tone accusing. "I don't go to Brooklyn, mister. Anyways, I'm due at the garage." Nathan Shapiro is usually gentle with cab drivers. He was not, this hot afternoon of a fruitless day—and a day which was supposed to have been an off-duty day—Shapiro felt no gentleness.
ref: 1972, Richard Lockridge, chapter 11, in Write Murder Down, Philadelphia, Pa.; New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →ISBN, page 129:
topics: road
transport
synonyms: cabbie
cabman
taxi driver
glosses: One who operates a taxicab; a cabdriver.
armour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: armours
Senses: glosses: British standard spelling of armor.
Derived terms: antiarmour
armourbearer
armoured combat
armourist
armourlike
armour plate
armour-plated
armoursmith
armoursmithing
body armour
coat armour
disarmoured
enarmour
scale armour
armour
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: armours
form: armouring
form: armoured
form: armoured
Senses: glosses: British standard spelling of armor.
lei
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: lā
ipa: /leɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: lay
homophone: ley
Forms: form: leis
Etymology: Borrowed from Hawaiian lei.
Senses: glosses: A garland of flowers in Hawaii.
Derived terms: haku lei
Lei Day
leied
lei
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: lā
ipa: /leɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: lay
homophone: ley
Etymology: Borrowed from Romanian lei.
Senses: glosses: plural of leu
jackknife
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jackknives
Senses: examples: text: […] near it is a cluster of weapons of villanous aspect, comprising every thing from a Malayan creese to a sailor's jackknife or a Smith & Wesson revolver.
ref: 1887, Julian Hawthorne, A Tragic Mystery: From the Diary of Inspector Byrnes, page 25:
glosses: Alternative spelling of jack-knife.
topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
synonyms: leave-one-out
glosses: A resampling method that applies estimators to all subsamples that each omit a single different group (possibly of a single datapoint) of the original sample to provide a sample distribution of the estimate.
Derived terms: antijackknife
jackknife
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: jackknifes
form: jackknifing
form: jackknifed
form: jackknifed
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of jack-knife.
insurance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈʃʊɹ.əns/
ipa: /ɪnˈʃɝ.əns/
ipa: /ɪnˈʃʊə.ɹəns/
ipa: /ɪnˈʃɔː.ɹəns/
ipa: /ˈɪn.ʃɚɪns/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈɪn(t)ʃʊɾəns/
Forms: form: insurances
form: insuraunce
Etymology: From the older form ensurance, see also assurance.
Senses: examples: text: The car was totalled, but fortunately I had insurance.
text: In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.
ref: 2012 January 24, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 04 Apr 2012, page 87:
glosses: A means of indemnity against a future occurrence of an uncertain event.
examples: text: After five years in banking, I switched to insurance.
glosses: The business of providing insurance.
examples: text: The sky was clear, but I took my umbrella for insurance.
glosses: Any attempt to forestall an unfavorable event.
examples: text: I only take insurance if the count is right.
topics: blackjack
games
glosses: A bet made after the deal, which pays off if the dealer has blackjack.
examples: text: "The children need to get back to some level of normalcy and their families can certainly use some respite to deal with things such as insurances, licences and other things they have lost," he said.
ref: 2009 February 18, Cheryl Critchley, “Free child care for Victorian bushfire victims”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 18 Feb 2009:
glosses: An insurance policy.
Derived terms: accident insurance
auto insurance
automobile insurance
black box insurance
bond insurance
car insurance
casualty insurance
coinsurance
contents insurance
credit insurance
credit life insurance
dental insurance
deposit insurance
divorce insurance
earthquake insurance
fidelity insurance
fire insurance
flood insurance
freight insurance
general insurance
group insurance
health insurance
home insurance
homeowner's insurance
insurance adjuster
insurance agency
insurance agent
insurance broker
insurance carrier
insurance claim
insurance company
insurance contract
insurance fire
insurance fraud
insurance goal
insurancelike
insurance plan
insurance policy
insurance poor
insurance premium
insurancer
insurance scam
insurance shot
insure
insurer
insurtech
interinsurance
key man insurance
keyman insurance
key person insurance
liability insurance
life insurance
malpractice insurance
microinsurance
motor insurance
mutual insurance
national insurance
no-fault insurance
noninsurance
overinsurance
pet insurance
property insurance
reinsurance
schmuck insurance
self-insurance
social insurance
social insurance number
strike insurance
superhero insurance
term life insurance
time element insurance
title insurance
transportation insurance
travel insurance
umbrella insurance
underinsurance
unemployment insurance
uninsurance
whole-life insurance
Related terms: actuary
annuity
broker
float
underwriter
workers’ compensation
d'oh
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /doʊ(ʔ)/
text: Audio (US)
ipa: /dəʊ(ʔ)/
rhymes: -əʊ
homophone: doe
homophone: doh
homophone: dough
homophone: do stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: doh
Etymology: Imitative. Popularised by the cartoon character Homer Simpson in the TV show The Simpsons. Voice actor Dan Castellaneta has said that he modelled his version on the drawn-out "do-o-o-o" sound made by Jimmy Finlayson in the films of Laurel and Hardy.
The OED has references from the BBC as far back as 1945.
Senses: examples: text: —I just paid for our food. —You didn't have to. It's free. —D'oh!
glosses: Expresses frustration or anger, especially at one’s own stupidity.
wikipedia: British Broadcasting Corporation
Homer Simpson
Jimmy Finlayson
Laurel and Hardy
Oxford English Dictionary
The Simpsons
mist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪst/
rhymes: -ɪst
homophone: missed
Forms: form: mists
Etymology: The noun is from Middle English mist, from Old English mist (“mist; darkness; dimness (of eyesight)”), from Proto-Germanic *mihstaz (“mist, fog”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃migʰstos, from the root *h₃meygʰ- (“cloud, fog, drizzle”). Cognate with Scots mist (“mist, fog”), West Frisian mist (“mist”), Dutch mist (“mist”), Swedish mist (“mist, fog”), Icelandic mistur (“mist”), West Frisian miegelje (“to drizzle”), Dutch dialectal miggelen, miegelen (“to drizzle”), Lithuanian miglà (“fog”), Sanskrit मेघ (megha, “cloud”), Russian мгла (mgla, “fog, haze”).
The verb is from Middle English misten, from Old English mistian.
Senses: examples: text: It was difficult to see through the morning mist.
synonyms: brume
glosses: Water or other liquid finely suspended in air. (Compare fog, haze.)
examples: text: There was an oily mist on the lens.
glosses: A layer of fine droplets or particles.
examples: text: His passion cast a mist before his sense.
ref: 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
text: Alas, I do not have the strength to continue writing. Already, mist veils my eyes.
ref: 2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America, Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Hooktail Castle:
glosses: Anything that dims, darkens, or hinders vision.
Hyponyms: camanchaca
Scotch mist
Derived terms: Australian Mist
black mist
devil-in-a-mist
ecto-mist
enmist
fairy mist
groundmist
ground mist
ground-mist
love in a mist
love-in-a-mist
magic mist
misle
mist belt
mist-belt
mistbow
misteous
mistfall
mistflower
mistfly
mist frog
mistfrog
mistful
mistless
mistlike
mist net
mist-pond
mists of time
mist up
misty
overmist
red mist