cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
rest mass
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rest masses
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The mass of a body when it is not moving relative to an observer.
Related terms: special relativity
E=mc²
relativity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/
ipa: /ˌɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/
ipa: [-ɾi]
rhymes: -ɪvɪti
Forms: form: relativities
Etymology: From relative (“connected to or depending on something else”) + -ity (suffix forming nouns from adjectives where the nouns refer to the properties, qualities, or states described by the adjectives). Sense 2.1 (“reliance of the nature of physical phenomena on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed”) is a translation of German Relativität (“relativity”) used in the works of the German-American theoretical physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955).
Morphologically relative + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The state of being relative to something else; the absence of universally applicable rules or standards; relativism; (countable) an instance of this.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Ellipsis of principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Ellipsis of principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).
Also Einsteinian relativity: the reliance of the nature of physical phenomena (such as gravity, light, mass, and time) on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed, as developed by Albert Einstein in two theories, special relativity and general relativity.
glosses: An evaluation of the similarities and differences between things; a comparison; hence, a difference in position or status between things; a disparity.
topics: economics
sciences
glosses: An evaluation of the similarities and differences between things; a comparison; hence, a difference in position or status between things; a disparity.
The difference in pay or positions between different employees in a business (internal relativity), or between different businesses (external relativity); a differential.
Derived terms: aliorelativity
Einsteinian relativity
Galilean relativity
general relativity
principle of relativity
relativitist
special relativity
theory of relativity
Related terms: word: relatival
word: relative
word: relatively
word: relativeness
word: relativisation
word: relativization
word: relativised
word: relativized
word: relativise
word: relativize
word: relativiser
word: relativizer
word: relativism
word: relativist
word: relativistic
als
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of al
als
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From Middle English als, variant of alse, alsa, also, from Old English eallswā, from Proto-West Germanic *allswā. More at also.
Senses: glosses: Obsolete form of also.
special relativity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: qualifier: relativity
glosses: A theory that (neglecting the effects of gravity) reconciles the principle of relativity with the observation that the speed of light is constant in all frames of reference.
Related terms: E=mc²
general relativity
reconstruction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/
ipa: /ˌɹikənˈstɹʌkʃən/
ipa: /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹakʃən/
Forms: form: reconstructions
Etymology: From re- + construction.
Senses: examples: text: Sunderland station has undergone several reconstructions.
ref: 2021 August 11, “Network News: £26m Sunderland station rebuild”, in RAIL, number 937, page 24:
glosses: A thing that has been reconstructed or restored to an earlier state.
examples: text: The reconstruction of the medieval bridge began last year.
text: By a remarkable piece of railway reconstruction work on the part of the Allied Forces—mainly South African railway construction troops—mines laid along the track by the retreating enemy were removed by sappers, and the German damage made good, within 7 days.
ref: 1944 March and April, “The Western Desert Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 73:
text: A striking example comes to mind, in which a scheme to improve the existing buildings finished up as virtually a complete reconstruction, owing to the unsound condition of the original structure!
ref: 1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, page 255:
text: “The decision of the cassation court establishes that the Roman salute is not a crime unless there is a concrete danger of the reconstruction of the fascist party, as provided by Article 5 of the Scelba law, or there are concrete aims of racial discrimination and violence, as provided by the Mancino law,” a lawyer for two of the defendants Domenico Di Tullio told CNN.
ref: 2024 January 19, Barbie Latza Nadeau, “Fascist salute legal at rallies unless it threatens public order, says Italy’s high court”, in CNN:
glosses: The act of restoring something to an earlier state.
examples: text: The detective's reconstruction of what happened that night is dubious.
glosses: The recreation or retelling of the (purported) events leading up to a certain outcome.
examples: text: It should also be noted that while Dempwolff reconstructed at only one level (Uraustronesisch), many of his reconstructions are confined to languages of western Indonesia
ref: 2016, Robert A. Blust, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A result of linguistic reconstruction; a model representing an unattested linguistic unit: a phoneme, a morpheme or a word.
Hyponyms: topics: software
computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: type reconstruction
Derived terms: internal reconstruction
Related terms: rebuilding
reconstruct
general relativity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: qualifier: relativity
glosses: A theory extending special relativity and uniformly accounting for gravity and accelerated frames of reference, postulating that space-time curves in the presence of mass.
Related terms: principle of relativity
special relativity
Einstein field equations
preliminary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: prĭlĭmʹĭnəri
ipa: /pɹɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ɹi/
enpr: prĭlĭmʹĭnĕri
ipa: /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/
ipa: /pɹiˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/
Forms: form: præliminary
Etymology: Borrowed from New Latin praelīmināris, formed from prae- (“before”) + līmen (“threshold”) + -āris (adjectival suffix); compare Latin līmināris (“of or belonging to a threshold”). Compare French préliminaire.
Senses: examples: text: These are just the preliminary results.
text: And then, after a few preliminary tries, the whole farm burst out into 'Beasts of England' in tremendous unison.
ref: 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
text: The Zurich group has shared a preliminary writeup of its findings.
ref: 2025 April 28, Kate Travis, “Experiment using AI-generated posts on Reddit draws fire for ethics concerns”, in Retraction Watch:
synonyms: initial
introductory
preparatory
antonyms: definitive
final
glosses: In preparation for the main matter; initial, introductory, preparatory.
Derived terms: nonpreliminary
postpreliminary
preliminarily
preliminary considerations
preliminary examination
preliminary injunction
preliminary results
preliminary ruling
preliminary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: prĭlĭmʹĭnəri
ipa: /pɹɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ɹi/
enpr: prĭlĭmʹĭnĕri
ipa: /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/
ipa: /pɹiˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/
Forms: form: preliminaries
form: præliminary
Etymology: Borrowed from New Latin praelīmināris, formed from prae- (“before”) + līmen (“threshold”) + -āris (adjectival suffix); compare Latin līmināris (“of or belonging to a threshold”). Compare French préliminaire.
Senses: examples: text: In the Chinese novels, often of a very literary character, devoted to masculine love, it seems that all the preliminaries and transports of normal love are to be found, while physical union may terminate the scene.
ref: 1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6):
glosses: A preparation for a main matter; an introduction.
glosses: Any of a series of sports events that determine the finalists
glosses: A relatively minor contest that precedes a major one, especially in boxing
inertial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈnɜː.ʃəl/
ipa: /ɪˈnɝ.ʃəl/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʃəl
Etymology: From inertia + -al.
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, or depending on inertia.
Derived terms: gravitoinertial
inertial compensator
inertial confinement fusion
inertial electrostatic confinement
inertial frame of reference
inertial frame
inertial guidance
inertial inflation
inertially
inertial mass
inertial navigation system
inertial navigation unit
inertial platform
inertial propulsion engine
inertial reference
inertial reference system
inertial reference unit
inertial space
inertial tracking device
isoinertial
noninertial
subinertial
superinertial
mutha
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mʌðæ/
Forms: form: muthas
Etymology: Dialectal variant of mother
* Geordie dialect variant of mother.
* Ebonics variant of mother.
Senses: qualifier: African-American Vernacular
glosses: Pronunciation spelling of mother.
mutha
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mʌðæ/
Forms: form: muthas
Etymology: From muthafucka, from motherfucker.
Senses: glosses: Clipping of muthafucka.
sweet F A
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of sweet FA.
dirige
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈdɪɹɪd͡ʒi/
/ˈdɪɹɪd͡ʒeɪ/
Forms: form: diriges
Etymology: From Middle English, from Latin dīrige (“guide”, imperative), from the beginning of the first antiphon in matins for the dead: Dīrige, Domine, Deus meus, in cōnspectū tuō viam meam (“Guide, O Lord my God, my way by your sight”). Doublet of dirge.
Senses: glosses: A Roman Catholic service for the dead, being the first antiphon of matins for the dead, of which dirige is the first word; a dirge.
tace
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /tæs/
Forms: form: taces
Senses: examples: text: The passe-gardes we have mentioned are also clearly visible, and notice should be taken of the horizontal plates, called taces, extending from the breastplate to protect the hips. As we have seen in the last reign, two small pointed plates, called tuilles, are affixed by straps in the front to the lowest of the taces, so as to give a further protection to the thigh; and under them is visible a short tunic of mail, which, we thus learn, still continued in military use.
ref: 1860 December 22, Mark Lemon, Henry Mayhew, Tom Taylor, Shirley Brooks, Francis Cowley Burnand, Owen Seaman, “Punch's Book of British Costume”, in Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 39: July-December 1860, page 248:
glosses: Alternative form of tasse.
clear cut
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more clear cut
form: clearer cut
form: most clear cut
form: clearest cut
form: clear-cut
form: clearcut
Senses: examples: text: It looks like a simple enough problem, but the answer might not be as clear cut as you suppose.
glosses: Straightforward, obvious, simple, or basic.
topics: business
forestry
glosses: Having had all trees cut.
Synonyms: cut and dried
open-and-shut
res ipsa loquitur
Derived terms: clear-cutness
clear cut
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: clear cuts
form: clear cutting
form: clear cut
form: clear cut
form: clear-cut
form: clearcut
Senses: glosses: To remove all trees or vegetation from an area.
Related terms: clearcutting
get on someone's case
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: gets on someone's case
form: getting on someone's case
form: got on someone's case
form: got on someone's case
form: gotten on someone's case
form: on someone's case
form: be on someone's case
form: on someone's back
Senses: examples: text: His boss was always getting on his case about his standards of dress, even though he worked well and seldom left the back room.
glosses: To lecture, berate, or complain to somebody, especially to find fault or criticize.
Synonyms: harangue
harass
way to go
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Forms: form: WTG
Senses: examples: text: The team finished ahead of schedule and under budget. Way to go!
glosses: An expression of congratulations, encouragement, or approval.
way to go
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ways to go
form: WTG
Senses: examples: text: They are about the same quality, so if you can get a discount on the color you like, that would be the way to go.
text: The official tour moodboard made it clear that pastel colors are the way to go when leaning this direction. Reach for light pink, baby blue, and butter yellow.
ref: 2024 September 21, Heath Owens, “What to Wear to Sabrina Carpenter's 'Short N' Sweet' Tour”, in Cosmopolitan:
glosses: A route, course of action; a preferred decision or choice.
Related terms: what a way to go
breakthrough
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/
Forms: form: breakthru
Etymology: From break + through. Compare German Durchbruch and Dutch doorbraak (“breakthrough”, literally “through-break”).
Senses: examples: text: a breakthrough technological advance
glosses: Characterized by major progress or overcoming some obstacle.
examples: text: Breakthrough infections (urine infections that develop in children on antibiotics) can occasionally occur, and if they do, different preventative antibiotics can be given or sometimes surgery to fix the leaky valve can be undertaken.
ref: a. 2005, “Brochure - Urinary Reflux”, in Renal Resource Centre, archived from the original on 30 Apr 2004:
text: There is also growing evidence that while Omicron may cause many breakthrough cases among previously infected or previously vaccinated populations, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease among them will be lower, they added.
ref: 2022 January 15, “In open letter, 30 doctors issue appeal against use of ‘unwarranted medications, diagnostics’”, in The Indian Express, WordPress, archived from the original on 15 Jan 2022:
topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: Involving the contraction of a disease by a person with a decreased susceptibility, such as a person who has been vaccinated to help prevent that disease.
breakthrough
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/
Forms: form: breakthroughs
form: breakthru
Etymology: From break + through. Compare German Durchbruch and Dutch doorbraak (“breakthrough”, literally “through-break”).
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: An advance through and past enemy lines.
examples: text: Albert Einstein is credited with making some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern physics.
text: "Secondly, we have to find more cost-effective ways of electrifying. And we've had a real breakthrough in the last couple of years in terms of bridge clearances and immunisation, meaning we've been able to take hundreds of millions of pounds off the cost of electrification.
ref: 2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail, page 33:
glosses: Any major progress; such as a great innovation or discovery that overcomes a significant obstacle.
examples: text: But with the lively Dos Santos pulling the strings behind strikers Pavlyuchenko and Defoe, Spurs controlled the first half without finding the breakthrough their dominance deserved.
ref: 2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3 - 1 Shamrock Rovers”, in BBC Sport:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The penetration of the opposition's defence.
topics: business
construction
manufacturing
glosses: The penetration of a separating wall or the remaining distance to an adjacent hollow (a crosscut in mining) or between two parts of a tunnel build from both ends; knockthrough.
examples: text: She was on two antiepileptics for five years but then had a breakthrough seizure.
text: He was managing his discomfort with common painkillers, but one morning he had breakthrough pain causing him to miss work.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The emergence or one or more symptoms of a condition despite medication or other medical treatment.
Derived terms: breakthrough bleeding
autocratrix
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: autocratrices
form: autocratrixes
Senses: glosses: A female autocrat.
glosses: The enlightened despot Catherine II of Russia, who reigned from 1762 to 1796 as empress and autocratrix of all the Russias.
raw_tags: in particular
Synonyms: autocratess
autocratress
no-show
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: nōʹ shō'
ipa: /ˈnoʊ ˌʃoʊ/
Forms: form: no-shows
form: no show
Senses: examples: text: You may want to consider instituting a charge for no-shows. […] Also, you must inform patients, in advance, that there is a charge for no-shows, and what that charge is.
ref: 2010, Neil Baum, Gretchen Henkel, Marketing Your Clinical Practice: Ethically, Effectively, Economically, Jones & Bartlett Learning, →ISBN, page 30:
glosses: An absence; failure to show up or to make a scheduled appearance, especially at a hotel or a place of employment.
examples: text: Out of fifty people who said they would attend, we only had three no-shows.
text: Once they were enrolled […] they never did any work, but Frankel would deliver signed time sheets to the district office, collect the checks, and give them to his fake workers. And the no-shows would give Frankel the salary money, which he put into Beth Rachel school.
ref: 1972, Crawford Gillan, Sir Harold Evans, Essential English for Journalists, Editors and Writers, page 192:
glosses: A person or group that does not show up.
examples: text: Now some young people are declaring a preference for crew socks, which generally rise to midway up the shin, and thumbing their noses at the ankle and no-show varieties that are staples of the previous generation’s sock drawers.
ref: 2024 June 20, Callie Holtermann, “A Sock War Is Afoot Between Millennials and Gen Z”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 20 Jun 2024:
glosses: Ellipsis of no-show sock.
Derived terms: go-show
no-show job
no-show sock
Related terms: no-call-no-show
no-show
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: nōʹ shō'
ipa: /ˈnoʊ ˌʃoʊ/
Forms: form: no-shows
form: no-showing
form: no-showed
form: no-showed
form: no show
Senses: glosses: To fail to show up for something.
what a way to go
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: qualifier: set phrase
glosses: A remark on the unfortunate, exceptional, or unusual nature of somebody's death.
Related terms: way to go
twiddle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtwɪdəl/
rhymes: -ɪdəl
Forms: form: twiddles
form: twiddling
form: twiddled
form: twiddled
Etymology: Unknown. Perhaps a blend of twirl, twist, or twitch + fiddle.
Senses: examples: text: She sat and nervously twiddled her hair while she waited.
text: The harder Small sang, the harder the cow chewed and the faster she twiddled her ears around as if stirring the song into the food to be rechewed in cud along with her breakfast.
ref: 1942, Emily Carr, “Singing”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:
glosses: To wiggle, fidget or play with; to move around.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
coordinate_terms: diddle
glosses: To flip or switch two adjacent bits (binary digits).
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: To be in an equivalence relation with.
glosses: To play with anything; hence, to be busy about trifles.
Derived terms: twiddle one's thumbs
twiddler
twiddlesome
twiddling line
twiddle muff
twiddle one's thumbs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: twiddles one's thumbs
form: twiddling one's thumbs
form: twiddled one's thumbs
form: twiddled one's thumbs
Senses: glosses: to circle one's thumbs around one another, usually with the fingers interlaced, usually done idly while waiting or bored
examples: text: He twiddled his thumbs for almost a week while he waited for somebody to set up his computer.
synonyms: sit on one's hands
glosses: To wait or dawdle; to accomplish nothing useful or lack a useful occupation.
Synonyms: sense: wait
word: bide one's time
word: hold one's horses
sense: dawdle
word: fool around
word: lallygag
word: loaf about
FNG
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: FNGs
Senses: examples: text: 2003: "Two agents in a dark blue sedan were waiting for me. One of them, Jim Heekin, took charge immediately, and also put me in my place. "You must be the FNG," he said as we shook hands." — https://web.archive.org/web/20050403063411/http://www.twbookmark.com/features/jamespatterson/chapters/bigbadwolf5.html
text: 2004: "The other guy is hollering "F-N-G!" He's saying "Your FNG is here!" And I didn’t understand what FNG meant. I soon learned: Fucking New Guy. Or we called them Cherries, meaning brand-new guy in Vietnam." — https://web.archive.org/web/20050313164139/http://www.nyfolklore.org/pubs/voic30-3-4/warstr.html
ref: 2008, Rick the FNG in EM is awesome!.:
text: 2009: "The FNG here says that we have too much ammunition." District 9
text: "So, this isn't the first time new personnel have been improperly briefed on the special schedule for 8 September, but it is the first time it's been fatal. Sampi-5243 have our hands full dealing with the actual breach, and since we can't have random FNGs walking into our little anniversary party a bit of inter-Sectional cooperation would be a big help."
ref: 2020 July 24, HarryBlank, “SCP-5243”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 02 Sep 2024:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Initialism of fucking new guy.
Derived terms: fingy
relativistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛl.ə.təˌvɪst.ɪk/
Forms: form: more relativistic
form: most relativistic
Etymology: From relativist + -ic or relative + -istic.
Senses: examples: text: The 'Blandford-Znajek' (BZ) black hole magnetospheric power extraction process was one of the first (1977) analytic attempts to define a general relativistic theory for axisymmetric, stationary, ideal-MHD, BH magnetospheres.
ref: 2002, Chang-Hwan Lee, Hŏn-yŏng Chang (editors), Current High-energy Emission Around Black Holes, page 36:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Of or relating to relativity.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: At or near the speed of light.
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to relativism.
Derived terms: antirelativistic
nonrelativistic
pseudorelativistic
relativistic mass
relativistic mechanics
relativistic quantum mechanics
time dilation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: time dilations
form: time dilatation
Senses: qualifier: relativity
glosses: The slowing of the passage of time experienced by objects in motion relative to an observer (measurable only at relativistic speeds), or due to being in a gravitational well.
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: The perceived change in the speed of time experienced due to psychological stress, hormones, or drugs; the rate of time perception, chronoception.
Related terms: kappa effect
Lorentz factor
slowing-down time
special relativity
measurable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
ipa: /ˈmɛʒɹəbəl/
Forms: form: more measurable
form: most measurable
Etymology: From Old French mesurable, equivalent to measure + -able.
Senses: glosses: Able to be measured.
glosses: Of significant importance.
Derived terms: Borel measurable
comeasurable
immeasurable
Lebesgue measurable
measurable function
measurableness
measurable set
measurable space
measurably
nonmeasurable
unmeasurable
Related terms: mensurable
measurability
measurable
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
ipa: /ˈmɛʒɹəbəl/
Forms: form: measurables
Etymology: From Old French mesurable, equivalent to measure + -able.
Senses: glosses: That which can be measured; a metric.
Lorentz
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname
Derived terms: Lorentz contraction
Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
Lorentz covariance
Lorentz factor
Lorentz force
Lorentz group
Lorentz invariance
Lorentz invariant
Lorentz manifold
Lorentz metric
Lorentz symmetry
Lorentz transformation
Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Lorentz-Fitzgerald contractions
Etymology: Named after Hendrik Lorentz and George Francis FitzGerald.
Senses: synonyms: length contraction
glosses: The decrease in length of a moving object in the direction of motion, measurable only at relativistic speeds.
Related terms: special relativity
Lorentz contraction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction.
synonyms: word: Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
Lorentz factor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From its appearance in Lorentzian electrodynamics, named after Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz.
Senses: qualifier: relativity
glosses: a factor arising in special relativity, to calculate the degree of time dilation, length contraction and relativistic mass of an object moving relative to an observer, defined as (1-v²/c²)^(-0.5), where v and c are relative velocity and the speed of light, respectively
Related terms: speed parameter
relativistic mass
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: relativistic masses
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The increased mass of an object moving at relativistic speed relative to an observer.
Related terms: special relativity
Lorentz force
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz (1853–1928).
Senses: topics: electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: the force exerted on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field
wikipedia: Hendrik Lorentz
Related terms: electromagnetism
Lorentz symmetry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: the invariance of the laws of physics under the Lorentz transformation.
Related terms: Lorentz covariance
special relativity
invariance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /inˈvɛ(ə)ɹi.əns/
Forms: form: invariances
Etymology: From in- + variance.
Senses: glosses: The property of being invariant.
Hyponyms: word: Galilean invariance
topics: physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: Lorentz invariance
word: scale invariance
word: time-invariance
word: time reversal invariance
Derived terms: noninvariance
Lorentz group
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Named after Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853–1928), A Dutch physicist.
Senses: topics: mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
sciences
glosses: The group of all Lorentz transformations in spacetime.
wikipedia: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
Related terms: special relativity
Lorentz transformation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Lorentz transformations
Etymology: Named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853–1928).
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
qualifier: relativity
glosses: A transformation relating the spacetime coordinates of one frame of reference to another in special relativity.
wikipedia: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
Hyponyms: Lorentz boost
Related terms: Lorentz factor
orthochronous
manipulation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /məˌnɪp.jəˈlæɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: manipulations
Etymology: From French manipulation, from Old French manipule, from Latin manipulus. Morphologically manipulate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: The dealer's manipulations could have removed cards from the deck.
text: The rear portion of the tender top is flat and open so as to facilitate the manipulation of the water crane.
ref: 1956 April, “"Merchant Navy" Class Pacific Modified”, in Railway Magazine, page 212:
glosses: The practice of manipulating or the state of being manipulated.
examples: text: After a few minutes of manipulation each week, she obtained days of relief from her neck pain.
glosses: The skillful use of the hands in, for example, chiropractic.
examples: text: The counselor was able to reach the disturbed teen through positive psychological manipulation.
text: Through subtle manipulations he orchestrated the downfall of his rival.
glosses: The usage of psychological influence over a person, event, or situation to gain a desired outcome.
Derived terms: antimanipulation
biomanipulation
crowd manipulation
electromanipulation
immunomanipulation
manipulational
micromanipulation
nanomanipulation
nonmanipulation
object manipulation
photomanipulation
postmanipulation
psychomanipulation
telemanipulation
womanipulation
Related terms: pedipulation
equivalence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.ləns/
ipa: /əˈkwəv.ə.ləns/
Forms: form: equivalences
form: æquivalence
Etymology: From French équivalence, from Medieval Latin aequivalentia.
Senses: glosses: The condition of being equivalent or essentially equal.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: An equivalence relation; ≡; ~
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The relationship between two propositions that are either both true or both false.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A Boolean operation that is TRUE when both input variables are TRUE or both input variables are FALSE, but otherwise FALSE; the XNOR function.
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A number in intersection theory. A positive-dimensional variety sometimes behaves formally as if it were a finite number of points; this number is its equivalence.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
translation-studies
glosses: The degree to which a term or text in one language is semantically similar to its translated counterpart.
Derived terms: autoequivalence
bioequivalence
dynamic equivalence
elementary equivalence
equivalence class
equivalence gate
equivalence of categories
equivalence principle
equivalence relation
false equivalence
formal equivalence
functional equivalence
genomic equivalence
inequivalence
Knuth equivalence
Morita equivalence
nonequivalence
photoequivalence
phytoequivalence
quasiequivalence
Ricardian equivalence
ringer equivalence number
row-equivalence
strong equivalence principle
Related terms: equilibrium
equivalence
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.ləns/
ipa: /əˈkwəv.ə.ləns/
Forms: form: equivalences
form: equivalencing
form: equivalenced
form: equivalenced
form: æquivalence
Etymology: From French équivalence, from Medieval Latin aequivalentia.
Senses: examples: text: […] whether the transgression of Eve seducing, did not exceed that of Adam seduced, or whether the resistibility of his reason did not equivalence the facility of her seduction, we shall referre it unto the Schoolman.
ref: 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, London: Edw. Dod & Nath. Ekins, published 1650, Book I, p. 25:
text: […] every one being struck with wonder at the vertue and patience of the sufferers, began to think that worthy the enquiring into, which men thought so much better worth then their lives; and these reflections converted more then the best verball expressions, to such auditors, as thought life not to be equivalenced by any compensation.
ref: 1647, Tobie Matthew, A Missive of Consolation sent from Flanders, to the Catholikes of England, Louvain, page 53:
glosses: To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance.
brill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹɪl/
rhymes: -ɪl
Forms: form: brills
form: brill
Etymology: Possibly from Cornish brilli (“mackerel”), from brithelli, plural of brithel (“mackerel”), from brith (“spotted”), from Proto-Brythonic *briθ.
Senses: glosses: A type of flatfish, Scophthalmus rhombus.
Derived terms: New Zealand brill
brill
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹɪl/
rhymes: -ɪl
Forms: form: more brill
form: most brill
Senses: examples: text: That song is totally brill, innit!
text: So what makes a brill baguette? For Mr Paluel-Marmont and Mr de Rovira, a star French stick can usually be identified merely by its appearance.
ref: 2004 April 22, Jon Henley, “Guides show Parisians where their best bread is buttered”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Clipping of brilliant; wonderful, amusing; cool.
Derived terms: megabrill
accumulatio
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /əkʊm(j)uˈlɑti.o/
Forms: form: accumulatios
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin accumulātiō (“the act of heaping up”). Doublet of accumulation.
Senses: glosses: A forceful summarisation of previously made points.
Related terms: accumulate
anacephalaeosis
climax
summary
synathroesmus
escutcheon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈskʌt͡ʃən/
rhymes: -ʌtʃən
Forms: form: escutcheons
form: escocheon
form: escutchion
form: scutcheon
form: 'scutcheon
Etymology: From Middle English scochon, from Anglo-Norman escuchon, Old French escusson (French écusson), ultimately from Latin scutum (“shield”). Related to scutum, scute, scudo, escudo, and écu.
Senses: examples: text: Meronyms: field, charge, emblem
text: He dies: his very coffin is comfortable; the very vault of his ancestors is sheltered; a funeral sermon is preached in his honour; and escutcheon and marble tablet do their best to preserve his memory.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête at Sir Robert Walpole’s”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 33:
text: And in the meanwhile, Society shivered a little feverishly, filled now with the scions of those who had come over with the Jewish and American Conquests. Escutcheons were becoming valueless, how sinister soever the blots and clots upon them.
ref: 1922, Michael Arlen, “1/5/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
synonyms: shield
glosses: The shield on which a coat of arms is displayed, or, by extension, the coat of arms itself.
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: A small shield used to charge a larger one.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The pattern of distribution of hair upon the pubic mound.
examples: text: The milk-mirror, or escutcheon, is formed by the hair above the udder, extending upwards between the thighs, […]
ref: 1867, Charles Louis Flint, Milch cows and dairy farming:
synonyms: milk mirror
glosses: A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It was once taken as an index of milking qualities.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: The part of a ship's stern where its name is displayed.
glosses: A decorative and/or protective plate or bezel to fill the gap between a switch, pipe, valve, control knob, etc., and the surface from which it protrudes.
glosses: The insignia around a doorknob's exterior hardware or a door lock's cosmetic plate.
glosses: The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area.
Derived terms: blot on the escutcheon
blotch on the escutcheon
escutcheonectomy
escutcheoned
escutcheon of pretence
escutcheon pin
inescutcheon
amative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈam.ə.tɪv/
Etymology: From Medieval Latin amātīvus, from Latin amātus, perfect passive participle of amō (“love”).
Senses: examples: text: 1898, His amative enthusiasm, at which he is himself laughing, and his clever, imaginative, humorous ways, contrast strongly with the sincere tenderness and dignified quietness of the woman. : George Bernard Shaw, The Philanderer
text: He was also confounded by its implication in Podson. Damme, the idea of that runt of a feller makin' up to a woman old enough to be his mother! Bradly banged pots about the stove, preparing the evening meal, to relieve himself of an outraged sense of propriety at Podson's amative presumption.
ref: 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 151:
text: His endearments were not amative or effete, but manly like Churchill's, and gave one a sense of being singled out, of having value.
ref: 1988, Alan Hollinghurst, The Swimming-Pool Library, paperback edition, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 97:
glosses: Pertaining to love; amorous.
Derived terms: amatively
amativeness
hyperamative
summarisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: summarisations
Etymology: From summer + -isation.
Senses: glosses: Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of summarization.
espousal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: espousals
Etymology: From Middle English espousal, espousaille, from Old French espousailles, from Latin sponsalia (“a betrothal”), neuter plural of sponsalis, from spōnsus (“one betrothed, a spouse”); see spouse.
Senses: examples: text: So he pressed her again and again with advice on the matter of espousals; but she ever opposed to him refusals, till at last she turned upon him angrily and cried, "O my father, if thou name matrimony to me once more, I will go into my chamber and take a sword, and, fixing its hilt on the ground, will set its point to my waist; then I will press upon it, till it come forth from my back, and so slay myself."
ref: 1949, Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces:
glosses: A betrothal.
glosses: A wedding ceremony.
glosses: Adoption of a plan, cause, or idea.
Derived terms: nonespousal
Related terms: espouse
spouse
sponsor
summarization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌsʌməɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: summarizations
form: summarisation
Etymology: From summarize + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Jim is very adept at summarization.
glosses: The act of summarizing.
examples: text: After summarization, these documents seem much simpler.
glosses: The process of summarizing.
examples: text: Jim's summarization of the incident was very useful.
glosses: A summary; the result of summarizing.
Derived terms: automatic summarization
espial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈspaɪ.əl/
ipa: /ɛˈspaɪ.əl/
rhymes: -aɪəl
Forms: form: espials
Etymology: From Middle English espiaille, from Old French espier (“to watch”).
Senses: examples: text: Secure—unnoted—Conrad's prow pass'd by, / And anchor'd where his ambush meant to lie; / Screen'd from espial by the jutting cape, / That rears on high its rude fantastic shape.
ref: 1814, Lord Byron, “Canto I”, in The Corsair, a Tale, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], for John Murray, […], →OCLC, stanza XVII, page 30, lines 597–600:
text: She had, however, the comfort of knowing that her lady's wardrobe was in her power, but it did not avail her much, as the servants of the house were so shocked at the Frenchwoman's refusal to nurse her sick lady, that every eye was upon her in the way of espial and condemnation; […]
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XLII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 232:
synonyms: word: espy
glosses: An act of noticing or observing.
glosses: The fact of noticing or observing; a discovery.
examples: text: these be most necessarie for the espials belonging vnto a camp
ref: 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:
text: King. Sweet Gertrude leave us too,
For we have closely sent for Hamlet hither,
That he, as 'twere by accident, may there
Affront Ophelia. Her Father[ ]and my selfe (lawful espials)
Will so bestow our selves, that seeing unseene
We may of their encounter frankely judge
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 265, column 1:
synonyms: word: espy
glosses: A scout; a spy.
Related terms: espy
spy
espresso
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛˈspɹɛsəʊ/
ipa: /ɪˈspɹɛsəʊ/
ipa: /əˈspɹɛsəʊ/
other: /ɛkˈspɹɛsəʊ/
other: /ɪkˈspɹɛsəʊ/
ipa: /ɛˈspɹɛsoʊ/
other: /ɛkˈspɹɛsoʊ/
other: /ɪkˈspɹɛsoʊ/
Forms: form: espressos
form: espressi
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian espresso, from caffè espresso (“pressed-out coffee”), form of esprimere (“to press out”), from Latin exprimere, from ex- (“out”) + primere (“to press”).
Some sources derive the term from “expressly (‘individually, directly’) made for the customer”, or as “fast” (Italian espresso also meaning “fast”, as in English express (“fast”)) but these are not widely credited. The original term for modern espresso (coffee extracted under pressure) was cream coffee, from Italian caffè crema (variant: crema caffè), due to the crema, and was seen on early Gaggia machines, but this term is no longer used.
Senses: examples: text: It is no surprise that over the last decade the more moneyed elements of the coffee industry have been trying to figure out how to simplify espresso brewing to the point that a consumer can produce a properly rich, smooth-tasting espresso shot without struggling through a complicated process that can be as daunting as upgrading to Vista or assembling a glass-fronted display case from Ikea. […] To conclude, here in tabular form is a summary of our ratings of espressos produced from thirty pod, capsule and disc blends.
ref: 2009 January 19, Kenneth Davids, “Convenience First: Espresso Pods and Capsules”, in Coffee Review, archived from the original on 17 Jan 2025:
glosses: A concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee.
glosses: A drink that includes espresso as an ingredient.
Synonyms: word: 'spro
Derived terms: espressoed
espresso-speak
sexpresso
Related terms: espresso breve
dato
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: datos
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of datto.
esprit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛsˈpɹiː/
rhymes: -iː
Etymology: Borrowed from French esprit (“spirit”). Doublet of spirit, spiritus, spirytus, sprite, and spright, possibly also spree.
Senses: glosses: Spirit, enthusiasm.
glosses: A wit.
glosses: Liveliness, or active mind and spirit.
Related terms: bel esprit
esprit de corps
l'esprit de l'escalier
Hardon
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A rare surname.
escapement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈskeɪpmənt/
Forms: form: escapements
Etymology: From escape + -ment. The watch component is so called because it allows a tooth to escape from a pallet at each vibration.
Senses: examples: text: The escapement is the reason why clocks tick.
text: For some reason, adjusting the 400-day clock escapement strikes fear into the hearts of many clock repairers.
ref: 2010, Joseph Rabushka, Repair and Restore Your 400-Day Clock, →ISBN, page 53:
topics: engineering
mechanical-engineering
mechanics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
qualifier: clocks
glosses: The linkage in a (watch) that gives impulses to the timekeeping element and periodically releases the gear train to move forward, advancing the clock's hands.
glosses: A mechanism found in devices such as a typewriter or printer which controls lateral motion of the carriage.
glosses: An escape or a means of escape.
examples: text: Importantly, there are also extensive practical difficulties associated with gathering and interpreting accurate escapement and run-size information and applying it to population management.
ref: 1999, E. Eric Knudsen, Donald McDonald, Sustainable Fisheries Management: Pacific Salmon, →ISBN, page 237:
text: They obtained migration information from a mark– recapture experiment, daily escapement information from aerial surveys, and daily catch information from fish tickets.
ref: 1999, Terrance J. Quinn, Richard B. Deriso, Quantitative Fish Dynamics, →ISBN, page 432:
text: Who actually listens to us when we tell him we need to cut back on escapement in the Kanuyaq because too many salmon are getting past the dip netters and it's messing with the spawning beds?
ref: 2002, Dana Stabenow, A Fine and Bitter Snow, →ISBN, pages 17–18:
glosses: The number of fish that escape commercial fishing operations and travel upstream to spawn.
Derived terms: anchor escapement
cross-beat escapement
deadbeat escapement
duplex escapement
Galileo's escapement
lever escapement
pin wheel escapement
Riefler escapement
verge escapement
escapology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛs.kəˌpɒl.ə.dʒiː/
ipa: /ˈɛs.kəˌpɑl.ə.dʒi/
Forms: form: escapologies
Etymology: From escape + -ology.
Senses: examples: text: Viruses have ‘studied’ immunology over millions of years of coevolution with their hosts. During this ongoing education they have developed countless mechanisms to escape from the host's immune system. […] These escape strategies have been described as ‘camouflage’ and ‘sabotage’. Using these simple concepts we describe the spectrum of viral escapology […]
ref: 2001 October 24, M. Lucas [et al.], U. Karrer, A. Lucas, P. Klenerman, “Viral Escape Mechanisms – Escapology Taught by Viruses”, in International Journal of Experimental Pathology, volume 82, number 5, →PMID, archived from the original on 04 Aug 2015, abstract, pages 269–286 at 269:
glosses: The study or art of escaping from a physical restraint, enclosure, or constriction, such as a rope, a sealed box, handcuffs, etc.; escape artistry.
examples: text: Might it have been any different had Leroy Sané’s goal, late in the first half, not been wrongly given offside? Nobody will ever know but it was certainly true that City were threatening a remarkable feat of escapology in that part of the match.
ref: 2018 April 10, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London):
glosses: Escape from a difficult situation.
Derived terms: escapological
escapologist
escalade
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛskəˈleɪd/
ipa: /ˈɛskəˌleɪd/
ipa: /ˈɛskəˌlɑd/
rhymes: -eɪd
Forms: form: escalades
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French escalade, from Italian scalata, from scalare (“to climb”), from scala (“ladder”), from Latin scālae (“ladder”). Doublet of scalade.
Senses: examples: text: An escalade was required for the warriors to attack the troops.
synonyms: word: scalade
glosses: An act of scaling walls or fortifications.
escalade
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛskəˈleɪd/
ipa: /ˈɛskəˌleɪd/
ipa: /ˈɛskəˌlɑd/
rhymes: -eɪd
Forms: form: escalades
form: escalading
form: escaladed
form: escaladed
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French escalade, from Italian scalata, from scalare (“to climb”), from scala (“ladder”), from Latin scālae (“ladder”). Doublet of scalade.
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: To scale the walls of a fortification.
Derived terms: escalader