cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
antiparticle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæntiˌpɑ(ɹ)tɪkəl/
Forms: form: antiparticles
form: anti-particle
Etymology: From anti- + particle.
Senses: examples: text: There could be whole antiworlds and antipeople made out of antiparticles. However, if you meet your antiself, don't shake hands!
ref: 1988, Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, page 75:
text: Particles of matter and antimatter are identical, except for an opposite electrical charge. An electron has a negative charge whereas its antiparticle, the positron, has a positive charge, and both have an identical mass.
ref: 2010 November 19, Alok Jha, “We can't see antimatter but it really does matter”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A subatomic particle corresponding to another particle with the same mass, spin and mean lifetime but with charge, parity, strangeness and other quantum numbers flipped in sign; a particle that has a reversed world line to another.
Derived terms: particle-antiparticle
Related terms: antimatter
self-conjugate
regent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/
Forms: form: regents
Etymology: From Middle English regent, from Anglo-Norman regent, Middle French regent, and their source, Latin regēns (“ruling; ruler, governor, prince”), present participle of regō (“I govern, I steer”).
Senses: glosses: A ruler.
glosses: One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled.
examples: text: This perception, however, does no justice to the regents of the city of Amsterdam.
ref: 1999, Geert Mak, translated by Philipp Blom, Amsterdam: A Brief Life of the City, Vintage, published 2001, page 139:
glosses: A member of a municipal or civic body of governors, especially in certain European cities.
glosses: A member of governing board of a college or university; also a governor of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
glosses: The chief executive of a regency.
Derived terms: captain regent
prince regent
princess regent
queen regent
regent-bird
Related terms: rectangle
rectilinear
rector
rectum
regency
regental
regentship
régime
regimen
regiment
region
regent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/
Forms: form: more regent
form: most regent
Etymology: From Middle English regent, from Anglo-Norman regent, Middle French regent, and their source, Latin regēns (“ruling; ruler, governor, prince”), present participle of regō (“I govern, I steer”).
Senses: examples: text: Some other active regent principle […] which we call the soul.
ref: a. 1677 (date written), Matthew Hale, The Primitive Origination of Mankind, Considered and Examined According to the Light of Nature, London: […] William Godbid, for William Shrowsbery, […], published 1677, →OCLC:
glosses: Ruling; governing; regnant.
examples: text: the regent powers
ref: 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: Exercising vicarious authority.
airless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛə.ləs/
ipa: /ˈɛɹ.ləs/
ipa: /ˈɛɚ.ləs/
ipa: /ˈeː.ləs/
note: New Zealand, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈiə.ləs/
note: without the cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈeə.ləs/
ipa: /ˈeɹ.ləs/
note: Lancashire, fair–fur merger
ipa: /ˈɜː(ɹ).ləs/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)ləs
homophone: earless (cheer–chair merger)
Forms: form: more airless
form: most airless
Etymology: From air + -less.
Senses: glosses: Lacking or being without air.
examples: text: […] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: Lacking air circulation.
glosses: With air that is stale.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Suffering from asphyxia.
examples: text: The worst that can—and has—been said about Memento is that it’s an airless gimmick, visually undistinguished, and not even all that sophisticated when the puzzle pieces are finally put together.
ref: 2012 November 8, Scott Tobias, “Memento’s puzzle structure hides big twists and bigger profundities”, in The AV Club:
glosses: Stifling; dead; lacking vitality or excitement.
Derived terms: airlessly
airlessness
provender
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɒvɪndə/
ipa: /ˈpɹɒvəndə/
ipa: /ˈpɹɑvəndɚ/
Forms: form: provenders
Etymology: From Middle English provendre, from Old French provendre, variant of provende (“allowance, provision”), from Late Latin praebenda (“a payment, in Medieval Latin also an allowance of food and drink, pittance, also a prebend”). Doublet of prebend.
Senses: examples: text: The farm which supplied to him ungrudging provender had all his vast capacity for work in willing exercise …
ref: 1859, George Meredith, chapter 12, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:
text: He ripp'd the womb up of his mother, / Dame Tellus, 'cause he wanted fother, / And provender, wherewith to feed / Himself and his less cruel steed.
ref: 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto CANTO 2.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:
text: Irregular, sporadic feeding and strange provender were beginning to take their toll, and I felt queasy at the thought of 'various curries' the Amat's clerk had promised for the first meal of the day.
ref: 1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth:
text: (...) hobbits were easy-going with their children in the matter of sitting up late, especially when there was a chance of getting them a free meal. Bringing up young hobbits took a lot of provender.
ref: 1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Chapter I, A long-expected party:
synonyms: word: fodder
word: aliment
word: bait
word: belly-timber
word: chow
word: comestibles
word: cuisine
word: eatables
word: eats
word: edibles
word: feed
raw_tags: for domesticated animals
word: fodder
raw_tags: for domesticated animals
word: foodstuffs
word: food
word: grub
word: kai
word: meals
word: meat
word: munchable
word: nibbles
word: nosebag
word: nosh
word: nourishment
word: om nom nom
word: provender
word: provisions
word: rations
word: scran
word: stodge
word: sustenance
word: tiffin
word: tucker
word: tuck
word: viands
word: victuals
word: vittles
glosses: Food, especially for livestock.
provender
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɒvɪndə/
ipa: /ˈpɹɒvəndə/
ipa: /ˈpɹɑvəndɚ/
Forms: form: provenders
form: provendering
form: provendered
form: provendered
Etymology: From Middle English provendre, from Old French provendre, variant of provende (“allowance, provision”), from Late Latin praebenda (“a payment, in Medieval Latin also an allowance of food and drink, pittance, also a prebend”). Doublet of prebend.
Senses: examples: text: One night, after several days of continuous plowing, and after the ox and mule had been stabled and provendered for the night, the ox said to the mule […]
ref: 1911, International Horseshoers' Monthly Magazine, volume 12, page 35:
glosses: To feed.
e-journal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: e-journals
form: ejournal
Etymology: From e- + journal.
Senses: topics: media
publishing
glosses: An electronic journal, an academic journal published in electronic form.
breathable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹiːðəbəl/
Forms: form: more breathable
form: most breathable
Etymology: From breathe + -able.
Senses: examples: text: The Wards are open-topped, with skyscrapers rising from the superstructure. Towers are sealed against vacuum, as the breathable atmosphere envelope is only maintained to a height of about seven meters. The atmosphere is contained by the centrifugal force of rotation and a "membrane" of dense, colorless sulphur hexafluoride gas, held in place by carefully managed mass effect fields.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel Station: Wards Codex entry:
antonyms: unbreathable
glosses: suitable for breathing
raw_tags: of air
examples: text: breathable paint
text: If you’re looking for the most breathable mask, Lukovics says, “Cotton is preferable, mainly for absorbing moisture/sweat.” She says multiple layers may be more protective but will also impact breathability.
ref: 2021 August 17, Elizabeth Wallace and Kai Burkhardt, “12 breathable face masks to protect you while exercising”, in CNN:
glosses: Letting air seep through.
raw_tags: of a fabric
Derived terms: breathability
breathableness
nonbreathable
ultrabreathable
airworthiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From airworthy + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being airworthy.
Derived terms: airworthiness directive
animist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: animists
Senses: glosses: A believer in animism.
Derived terms: animistic
anisette
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: anisettes
Etymology: Borrowed from French anisette, from anis + -ette.
Senses: glosses: A French alcoholic liqueur flavored with anise
antechamber
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæn.tiˌt͡ʃeɪm.bə/
ipa: /ˈæn.tɪˌt͡ʃeɪm.bə/
ipa: /ˈæn.tiˌt͡ʃeɪm.bɚ/
Forms: form: antechambers
Etymology: From ante- + chamber.
Senses: examples: text: Who knows. Perhaps the Ark is still waiting in some antechamber for us to discover. Perhaps there's some vital bit of evidence which eludes us. Perhaps…
ref: 1981, Lawrence Kasdan, Raiders of the Lost Ark, spoken by Belloq:
text: "This is merely the antechamber, the entrance hall," said Dumbledore after a moment or two.
ref: 2005 July 16, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Harry Potter; 6), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:
synonyms: anteroom
glosses: A small room used as an entryway or reception area to a larger room.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: The space immediately below the guard cells of a stoma.
Derived terms: antechambered
antiballistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From anti- + ballistic.
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
qualifier: or system
glosses: designed to detect, intercept, and destroy a ballistic missile in flight
raw_tags: of a missile
Derived terms: antiballistic missile
ABM
addlepated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more addlepated
form: most addlepated
form: addle-pated
Etymology: From addle + pated.
Senses: examples: text: Let euery idle addle-pated gull
With stinking sweet Tobacco stuffe his skull.
ref: 1630, John Taylor, “Plutoes Proclamation concerning his Infernall pleasure for the Propagation of Tobacco”, in All the Workes of John Taylor the Water-Poet, London: James Boler, page 252:
text: Hallo father, here’s Pecksniff! He gets more addle-pated every day he lives, I do believe,’ muttered Jonas, shaking his honoured parent roundly.
ref: 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC:
text: “[…] I don’t really know if I’m doing right—it may make you more addle-pated than ever—but you can ask Diana to come over and spend the afternoon with you and have tea here.”
ref: 1908 June, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 16, in Anne of Green Gables, Boston, Mass.: L[ouis] C[oues] Page & Company, published August 1909, →OCLC, page 169:
text: “Do you actually expect me to wander the world as if I were an addlepated bald woman escaped from the circus?” she would say.
ref: 1989, John Irving, chapter 9, in A Prayer for Owen Meany, New York: William Morrow, page 456:
text: His best-known creations are the addlepated, cheese-loving inventor Wallace, and Gromit, his patient, intelligent dog.
ref: 2018 February 14, Charles Solomon, “Nick Park is back in the stop-motion animation game with 'Early Man'”, in LA Times:
glosses: Addled; confused; stupid; flustered.
Derived terms: addlepatedness
90Y-DOTA-biotin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: medicine
oncology
sciences
glosses: The vitamin biotin labelled with radioactive (yttrium-90), used in the treatment of cancer, where it seeks out tumor cells that have been targeted by an antibody linked to streptavidin and kills them.
affricative
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: affricatives
Etymology: From affricate + -ive.
Senses: glosses: An affricate.
affricative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From affricate + -ive.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to an affricate.
Derived terms: affricativization
Alcaic verse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
poetry
publishing
writing
glosses: A Greek meter, supposedly invented by Alcaeus, consisting of combinations of spondee, iambs and dactyls.
alpha female
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: alpha females
Etymology: By extension, from alpha male.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
qualifier: ethology
glosses: The dominant female in a social or group hierarchy.
glosses: A self-assured, independent, self-driven, influential, or strong woman; an alphette.
Synonyms: word: alpha
word: female alpha
Coordinate terms: word: alpha
word: alpha male
word: male alpha
Related terms: alpha pair
beta female
gamma female
delta female
omega female
amphimacer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: amphimacers
Etymology: From Latin amphimacrus, from Ancient Greek ἀμφίμακρος (amphímakros, “long at both ends”); see amphi-, macro-.
Senses: glosses: A metrical foot consisting of an unaccented or light syllable between two accented or heavy syllables; a cretic.
Andrade
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Andrades
Etymology: From Galician Andrade.
Senses: synonyms: Andrada
de Andrade
De Andrade
deAndrade
DeAndrade
Deandrade
de Andrada
De Andrada
deAndrada
DeAndrada
Deandrada
glosses: A surname from Galician.
antiphagocytic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From anti- + phagocytic.
Senses: topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: impeding or preventing the action of phagocytes or the occurrence of phagocytosis
attercop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈætəkɒp/
Forms: form: attercops
Etymology: From Middle English attercoppe, from Old English ātorcoppe (“spider”), corresponding to atter (“poison, venom”) + cop (“spider”). The latter is still to be found in the English word cobweb. Cognate to Danish edderkop (“spider”) and Norwegian edderkopp (“spider”).
Senses: examples: text: Myself, not bound by James’ view / Nor Walter’s, in a vision saw these two / Like trapped and weakening flies / In toils of the same hoary net; / I seemed to hear ancestral cries / Buzzing ‘To our All-Wise, Omnivorous / Attercop glowering over us, / Whose table we have set / With blood and bones and sweat.’
ref: 1924, Robert Graves, Attercop: the All-Wise Spider:
text: Old fat spider spinning in a tree! / Old fat spider can’t see me! / Attercop! Attercop! / Won’t you stop, / Stop your spinning and look for me?
ref: 1937 September 21, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “Flies and Spiders”, in The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published February 1966 (August 1967 printing), →OCLC, page 157:
glosses: A spider.
glosses: A peevish or ill-natured person.
attrition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈtɹɪʃən/
rhymes: -ɪʃən
Forms: form: attritions
Etymology: 15th century, from Middle English attricion, attricioun, from Middle French attricion, attrition and its etymon, Latin attrītiō (“a rubbing against”), from the verb attrītus, past participle of atterō (“to wear”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + terō (“to rub”). By surface analysis, attrit + -ion.
Senses: antonyms: accretion
glosses: Grinding down or wearing away by friction.
topics: dentistry
medicine
sciences
antonyms: accretion
glosses: Grinding down or wearing away by friction.
The wearing of teeth due to their grinding.
examples: text: Recent years have seen […] more and more blatant reversals of previous Supreme Court decisions in favor of the constitutional rights of minorities. These increasingly conservative decisions, and constant attrition of individuals' rights, have directly paralleled the alarming increase of convictions in our courts.
ref: 1990 December 16, Tom Sparks, “Universal Suffrage”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 22, page 4:
antonyms: accretion
glosses: A gradual reduction in number.
antonyms: accretion
glosses: A gradual reduction in number.
A gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through injury, incapacitation, retirement, resignation, or death.
synonyms: natural wastage
qualifier: human resources
topics: sciences
antonyms: accretion
glosses: A gradual reduction in number.
The loss of participants during an experiment.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
antonyms: accretion
glosses: A gradual reduction in number.
The loss of a first or second language or a portion of that language.
topics: lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: Imperfect contrition or remorse.
Derived terms: antiattrition
attrit
attrite
attritional
attritionary
attrition bias
attrition damage
attrition warfare
attritive
interattrition
war of attrition
Related terms: contrition
attrition
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈtɹɪʃən/
rhymes: -ɪʃən
Forms: form: attritions
form: attritioning
form: attritioned
form: attritioned
Etymology: 15th century, from Middle English attricion, attricioun, from Middle French attricion, attrition and its etymon, Latin attrītiō (“a rubbing against”), from the verb attrītus, past participle of atterō (“to wear”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + terō (“to rub”). By surface analysis, attrit + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: attritioned teeth; attritioned rock
text: […] He took her in his arms
And kissed her long and wetly,
Till, attritioned by her charms,
His will collapsed completely.
ref: 1989, Shashi Tharoor, The Great Indian Novel, New York: Arcade, Book 9, p. 189:
synonyms: attrit
glosses: To grind or wear down through friction.
examples: text: […] but the heart of the health services in New York will have to attrition out some 3,000 to 5,000 jobs.
ref: 1973, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education, Hearings, page 186:
text: […] expenses can be cut, by attritioning faculty vacancies […]
ref: 1989, Herbert S. White, “The Future of Library and Information Science Education”, in Librarians and the Awakening from Innocence,, Boston: G.K. Hall, page 86:
glosses: To reduce the number of (jobs or workers) by not hiring new employees to fill positions that become vacant (often with out).
examples: text: The cohort of one hundred students had attritioned to sixty by the end of secondary school.
glosses: To undergo a reduction in number.
bark up the wrong tree
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: barks up the wrong tree
form: barking up the wrong tree
form: barked up the wrong tree
form: barked up the wrong tree
Etymology: An allusion to a situation in which a hunting dog misidentifies the tree up which it has chased an animal and positions itself at the base of another tree, barking upward at the branches.
Senses: examples: text: The investigator spent days trying to prove the butler committed the murder, but it turns out he was barking up the wrong tree.
text: You're not the first man who has made such a mistake, and found he was barking up the wrong tree.
ref: 1894, Robert Barr, chapter 21, in In the Midst of Alarms:
text: They all went into the house, and left me feeling a precious idiot. I had been barking up the wrong tree this time.
ref: 1915, John Buchan, chapter 10, in The Thirty-Nine Steps:
text: "We want West. He's a cowardly murderer—killed the man who trusted him." . . .
"Of course we may be barking up the wrong tree," the officer reflected aloud. "Maybe West isn't within five hundred miles of here."
ref: 1922, William MacLeod Raine, chapter 19, in Man Size:
text: After three failed marriages I realised that I may have been barking up the wrong tree and should abandon the search for the perfect wife.
ref: 2008 September 2, Ken Russell, “Let my life flash before you, in paperback”, in Times Online, UK, retrieved 01 Oct 2010:
glosses: To take the wrong approach to a situation; to follow a false lead; to attempt to solve a problem using mistaken assumptions about its true nature.
automatic leveling system
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: automatic leveling systems
Senses: topics: automotive
transport
vehicles
glosses: A suspension system that automatically adjusts front and rear ride heights to compensate for changes in axle load.
automatic distance control
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: automotive
transport
vehicles
glosses: Technologies that use radar, infrared and image processing to allow for a decentralized recording of the environment around a vehicle.
Synonyms: ADC
Hyponyms: adaptive cruise control
ACC
Averil
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: A rare variant of the 7th century saint's name Everild, from Old English eofor (“boar”) + hild (“battle”).
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Old English.
avulsion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: avulsions
Etymology: From Latin avulsio from a- + vellō.
Senses: examples: text: Immediately observable were avulsion of several teeth and extensive lacerations and bruising to the face.
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
coordinate_terms: ectomy
severation
glosses: The loss or separation of a body part, either by surgery or due to trauma.
glosses: An abrupt change in the course of a river, typically from one channel to another.
topics: geography
hydrology
natural-sciences
glosses: Movement of soil during a flood, or during a change in the course of a river, especially when a resulting change of land ownership is involved.
Related terms: word: avulse
word: avulsed
word: avulsive
word: avulsive cutoff
in kind
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Forms: form: in-kind
Etymology: Calque of Latin in specie.
Senses: examples: text: In the era before the widespread monetization of transactions with currency, barter was the usual form of selling and buying for farmers, and payment of taxes was often in kind; that is, farmers' payment method was most often their produce itself.
text: How much did he give? – Hard to say. It was all in kind.
text: The pay is OK, but the real attraction is all the benefits in kind.
text: On all articles of import the duties shall be three per cent, payable at the option of the importer, either in kind or money, calculated upon the market value of the goods.
ref: 1856, “Treaty signed April 18, 1855; ratified April 5, 1856”, in Treaty of friendship and commerce between Great Britain and Siam, Bangkok: J. H. Chandler, page 13:
antonyms: in specie
glosses: In the form of goods and services rather than money.
raw_tags: after the noun
Derived terms: benefit in kind
grant-in-kind
in kind
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: in-kind
Etymology: Calque of Latin in specie.
Senses: examples: text: I made some donations to the charity, not in money, but in kind, such as non-perishable food.
synonyms: in trade
take out in trade
glosses: With goods or services (as opposed to cash).
raw_tags: of paying or giving
examples: text: Vardy drilled over after getting behind Bartley and also hit the side-netting, resulting in the loudest cheer of the day from the Swansea fans after he kicked an advertising board in frustration. He responded in kind by showing them three fingers with one hand and making a zero with the other.
ref: 2015 December 5, Alan Smith, “Leicester City back on top as Riyad Mahrez hat-trick downs Swansea City”, in The Guardian (London):
text: Armor-piercing shells were heading up the shell hoists, but this procedure took a few minutes, allowing the battered American flagship to reply in kind, the gunners somewhat motivated to set new records for the rate of fire as the cruiser raked the larger ship from stem to stern in response.
ref: 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 17:51 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN), archived from the original on 17 Oct 2022:
synonyms: equivalently
reciprocally
similarly
glosses: In a reciprocal manner; in a similar way; in the same kind.
Related terms: compensation
emolument
paying
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪ.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪɪŋ
Etymology: From pay + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of pay
Derived terms: billpaying
fare-paying
feepaying
non-paying
nonpaying
ratepaying
taxpaying
paying
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪ.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪɪŋ
Forms: form: payings
Etymology: From pay + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: It brings his payings into close and convenient correspondence with his usings of commodities, and different branches of his expenditure thus become easily comparable.
ref: 1912, Philip H. Wicksteed, The Commonsense of Political Economy:
glosses: payment
lump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lʌmp/
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: lumps
Etymology: From Middle English lumpe, from a Germanic base akin to Proto-Germanic *limpaną (“to glide, go, hang loosely”). Compare Dutch lomp (“rag”), German Low German Lump (“rag”), German Lumpen (“rag”) and Lump (“ragamuffin”).
Senses: examples: text: Stir the gravy until there are no more lumps.
text: a lump of coal; a lump of clay; a lump of cheese
glosses: Something that protrudes, sticks out, or sticks together; a cluster or blob; a mound or mass of no particular shape.
examples: text: Lumps in the breasts are an indicator of breast cancer.
glosses: A swelling or nodule of tissue under the skin or in an internal part of the body.
examples: text: The money arrived all at once as one big lump sum payment.
glosses: A group, set, or unit.
examples: text: Do you want one lump or two with your coffee?
glosses: A small, shaped mass of sugar, typically about a teaspoonful.
examples: text: Don't just sit there like a lump.
text: "Thou great Norman lump!" he muttered. "If I conjure till Doomsday, I cannot make thee gold."
ref: 1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 7:
glosses: A dull or lazy person.
glosses: A fat person.
examples: text: He's taken his lumps over the years.
text: Komer admitted that the United States would probably suffer "short term lumps" as a result of Johnson's brusque decision.
ref: 1994, Robert J. McMahon, The cold war on the periphery: the United States, India, and Pakistan, page 323:
text: Mr. Katzenberg is now taking his commensurate lumps, particularly because contributors feel he helped disabuse donors’ concerns about Mr. Biden’s physical state.
ref: 2024 July 11, Theodore Schleifer, Jacob Bernstein, Reid J. Epstein, “How Biden Lost George Clooney and Hollywood”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A beating or verbal abuse.
raw_tags: as plural
glosses: A projection beneath the breech end of a gun barrel.
examples: text: You roast him [the fish] […] just like a lump.
ref: 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:
glosses: A kind of fish, the lumpsucker.
examples: text: “A lump,” explained The Whimperer […] “is wot a kin’ lady slips youse w’en youse batter de back door. If she invites youse in and lets youse t’row yer feet unner de table, it’s a set-down. If she slips youse a lunch in a poiper bag, it’s a lump. See? […]”
ref: 1923, Arthur Preston Hankins, chapter 12, in Cole of Spyglass Mountain, New York: Grosset & Dunlap:
glosses: Food given to a tramp to be eaten on the road.
glosses: The workhouse.
Hyponyms: nubble
Derived terms: bring a lump to someone's throat
expository lump
gluelump
in the lump
lady lumps
ladylumps
lumpability
lumpatious
lumpectomy
lumpen
lumpfish
lump hammer
lumpily
lumpiness
lump in one's throat
lumpish
lumpishly
lumpishness
lumpless
lumplike
lumps of delight
lumpsome
lumpsucker
lump sum
lump to one's throat
lump work
lumpy
lunkhead
sugar lump
take one's lumps
Welsh lump
take one's lumps
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: taking one's lumps
form: took one's lumps
form: taken one's lumps
form: taken one's lumps
Senses: examples: text: When frustrated tacklers finally do catch up with him, Arnett knows how to take his lumps. "If I hit the ground tensely, rigidly, and two tons of angry linemen landed on top of me, they'd break every bone in my body."
ref: 1960 December 5, “Artful Dodgers”, in Time:
glosses: To receive physical abuse and to survive.
examples: 1987, David Fellman, "A Renowned Civil Libertarian," (review of Zechariah Chafee, Jr.: Defender of Liberty and Law by Donald L. Smith), The Review of Politics, vol. 49, no. 3, p. 444,
As is the case with so many outspoken civil libertarians, Chafee took his lumps. He was strongly criticized by several Harvard Law School graduates.
glosses: To endure through criticism or other adversity.
Synonyms: tough it out
lumps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lump
lumps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: He's taken his lumps over the years.
text: Trudeau has suffered the lumps any politician who has held office for ten years can expect to accumulate
ref: 1978, Time, volume 111, number 1, page 37:
glosses: A beating or verbal abuse.
bumper sticker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bumper stickers
form: bumper-sticker
Etymology: bumper + sticker
Senses: examples: text: He has a bumper sticker on his van that reads "faster than a speeding ticket".
text: My space in the teachers' parking lot was next to Henry's. His back bumper had two stickers: "I'd Rather Be Golfing" and "He who dies with the most toys WINS!"
ref: 2008, Wally Lamb, The Hour I First Believed, Ch.2, at p.35
text: Many longtime residents strongly oppose the extremism of the newcomers, sporting bumper stickers that say, “Don't Californicate Colorado.”
ref: 2012 [2001], Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 65:
text: Are bumper stickers, as a folk art, on the decline? Yes — in fact, a lot of luxury cars don’t even have bumpers anymore.
ref: 2012 September 21, Pagan Kennedy, “Who Made That Bumper Sticker?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
synonyms: word: car-sticker
glosses: An adhesive label or decal, usually applied to the bumper or back end of an automobile, and displaying a short political, promotional, philosophical, or humorous message.
examples: text: bumper-sticker philosophy
text: "It's like a status thing, you know? 'My kid's special because he's got a peanut allergy.' I'm surprised they don't have a bumper sticker for it."
ref: 2008, Wally Lamb, The Hour I First Believed, Ch.7, at p.157
glosses: Said of canned insight; a slogan or saying that is trite or lacks depth.
Related terms: lapel pin
puddle jumper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: puddle jumpers
Etymology: Sense 2 is a genericized trademark.
Senses: examples: text: The flight across country was not bad, but the ride in the puddle jumper between Boston and Connecticut was a little rough.
synonyms: puddle hopper
glosses: A small passenger airplane, typically used for shorter connecting trips to smaller airports.
glosses: A wearable personal flotation device similar to a life vest especially worn by infants or small children in swimming pools.
off the top of one's head
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Forms: form: off the top of one's dome
form: off the dome
Senses: examples: text: I cannot think of any good examples off the top of my head, but give me a couple of hours and I'm sure I could come up with something.
text: Ideally, one would wish to explore them through a series of depth interviews extending over several months, rather than by a brief survey interview, which necessarily tends to elicit responses off the top of one's head.
ref: 1990, Ronald Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 130:
text: These responses are not analyzed but are intended to discourage answers off the top of one's head to the next question, which explicitly asks if these situated responses reflect the strength of character on focus.
ref: 2004, Christopher Peterson, Martin E. P. Seligman, Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 633:
text: “Oh, I don't have my stuff with me, and I don't know her work phone number off the top of my head. Here, take one of my cards.” “Are you a lawyer, too?” he asked, and then perused her information.
ref: 2008, Christine Son, Off the Menu, Penguin, →ISBN:
synonyms: offhandedly
on the spot
glosses: In an extemporaneous manner; without careful thought, preparation, or investigation.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see off, top, head.
Related terms: ad-lib
extemporize
fly by the seat of one's pants
improvise
make it up as one goes along
off the cuff
on the fly
pull out of one's ass
spur of the moment
wing it
on the brink of
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: /ɒn ðə brɪŋk əv/
Senses: examples: text: on the brink of extinction
text: The old building seemed to be on the brink of collapse.
text: So in a week's time she was beginning to hearken to her mother when she spoke of incantations and charms for restoring love. She kenned it was sin, but though not seven days syne she had sat at the Lord's table, so strong is love in a young heart that she was on the very brink of it.
ref: 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:
glosses: Very near, imminently approaching; ready to, about to.
Coordinate terms: on the edge of
on the point of
on the verge of
Related terms: on the brink
spritz
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /spɹɪts/
ipa: /ʃpɹɪts/
rhymes: -ɪts
Forms: form: spritzes
Etymology: From Yiddish שפּריץ (shprits, noun) and שפּריצן (shpritsn, verb).
Senses: examples: text: Fish is good with a spritz of lemon juice.
glosses: A sprinkling or spray of liquid; a small amount of liquid.
glosses: A small amount of something; a dash or jot.
Derived terms: spritz cookie
spritz
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /spɹɪts/
ipa: /ʃpɹɪts/
rhymes: -ɪts
Forms: form: spritzes
form: spritzing
form: spritzed
form: spritzed
Etymology: From Yiddish שפּריץ (shprits, noun) and שפּריצן (shpritsn, verb).
Senses: examples: text: It's hard to keep hair in a specific hairdo when you just spritz only a little bit of hair spray.
text: “Sometimes,” he hastened to explain, looking at Khadijah and me, stroking his beard, “the fruit at Gaia is slightly rotten. That's the dark side of organic. Everything isn't spritzed with poisons to make it look neat.”
ref: 2013, Benjamin Nugent, Good Kids, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:
glosses: To spray, sprinkle, or squirt lightly.
topics: climatology
meteorology
natural-sciences
weather
glosses: To drizzle, to rain lightly.
spritz
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /spɹɪts/
ipa: /ʃpɹɪts/
rhymes: -ɪts
Forms: form: spritzes
Etymology: Clipping of spritzer.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of spritzer (“spray bottle”).
synonyms: word: spritzer
extra: spray bottle
glosses: Synonym of spritzer (“drink made with white wine and soda water”).
synonyms: word: spritzer
extra: drink made with white wine and soda water
spritz
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /spɹɪts/
ipa: /ʃpɹɪts/
rhymes: -ɪts
Forms: form: spritzes
Etymology: From Italian spritz, a shortening of Austrian German Gespritzter (“spritzer”).
Senses: examples: text: Aperol spritz
text: To build a spritz worth drinking, direct your attention first to the sparkling wine, then the aperitif bottle. In the 3:2:1 formula, sparkling wine takes up the most real estate, and most spritzes are being topped with garbage bubbles.
ref: 2019 May 9, Rebekah Peppler, “The Aperol Spritz Is Not a Good Drink”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: Friday morning found the lagoon city doing what it does best: looking gorgeous and slightly unreal as it played host to thousands of tourists who posed in silver-prowed gondolas, chugged mid-morning spritzes or simply wilted in the muggy heat.
ref: 2025 June 27, Sam Jones, “Till Jeff us do part: divisive, star-studded Bezos wedding hits full swing in Venice”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: A cocktail consisting of prosecco, soda water, and bitters.
Related terms: spritzer
bohemian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /boʊˈhimi.ən/
Forms: form: bohemians
form: Bohemian
Etymology: Borrowed from French bohémien (“person from Bohemia”), from Bohême (“Bohemia”), equivalent to Bohemia + -an.
Senses: examples: text: Burlington, where Mr. Twitchell grew up and where he now spends summers, was singled out by David Brooks in his wickedly funny “Bobos in Paradise” as a model Latte Town, a city that has perfectly reconciled the mercenary instincts of the bourgeoisie with the artistic spirit of the bohemians to create an upscale consumer culture.
ref: 2002 July 7, Patricia Cohen, “In Defense Of Our Wicked, Wicked Ways”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 28 Jan 2018:
text: During 1940–1941, the few Hollywood bohemians that did appear received "harsher" depictions. The United States' preparations for and eventual entry into World War II figured prominently in this decline and change in the treatment of Hollywood bohemians.
ref: 2008, Brett L. Abrams, Hollywood Bohemians, McFarland, page 195:
text: Whitman was, by no means, the "King of Bohemia"—that title went to Henry Clapp Jr., the founding editor of the Saturday Press—but the bohemians embraced and supported him at a crucial moment in his career.
ref: 2014, Joanna Levin, Edward Whitley, editors, Whitman among the Bohemians, University of Iowa Press, page xiv:
glosses: A person, especially an artist or writer, who lives an unconventional or nonconformist lifestyle.
Derived terms: bobo
hobohemian
unbohemian
Related terms: Bohemia
bohemian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /boʊˈhimi.ən/
Forms: form: more bohemian
form: most bohemian
form: Bohemian
Etymology: Borrowed from French bohémien (“person from Bohemia”), from Bohême (“Bohemia”), equivalent to Bohemia + -an.
Senses: examples: text: 2001, Baz Luhrmann, Craig Pearce (scriptwriters), Moulin Rouge!,
Please tell me you're not one of Toulouse's oh-so-talented, charmingly bohemian, tragically impoverished protégés!
text: Cowell's earlier, more bohemian years are not only the most interesting, they comprise the only part of his life for which one could reasonably attempt to do the kind of work that I have tried to do here.
ref: 2002, Michael Hicks, Henry Cowell, Bohemian, University of Illinois Press, page 4:
text: Georgetown, a Jesuit university and a "hot big city school" (Mathews 2007:53): is popularly believed to be "hotter," wealthier, more bohemian, more liberal, and more laid back than its secular counterpart, GWU.
ref: 2014, Shabana Mir, Muslim American Women on Campus, University of North Carolina Press, page 18:
text: The magazine's aesthetic also bends it into more bohemian territory. Food articles often have botanical illustrations of lesser-eaten greenery like endive and watercress, drawn by artist John Burgoyne.
ref: 2017, Shawn Chandler Bingham, “Bohemian Groves, Grooves, Gardens, and Guns”, in Shawn Chandler Bingham, Lindsey A. Freeman, editors, The Bohemian South, University of North Carolina Press, page 271:
glosses: Unconventional, especially in habit or dress.
bohemium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Former name of rhenium.
Related terms: bohemian
Bohemian
Bohemian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /boʊˈhimi.ən/
Forms: form: Bohemians
Etymology: From Bohemia + -ian.
In sense of Romani and by association, marginalized artists, from French bohémien (“person from Bohemia, Romani”), from Bohême (“Bohemia”). Regarding the sense evolution, compare gypsy.
Senses: glosses: A native or resident of Bohemia.
glosses: A Gypsy, a Romani.
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of bohemian; someone known for flouting social conventions, especially someone involved in the arts.
Derived terms: bohemian
boho
bohunk
Bohemian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /boʊˈhimi.ən/
Etymology: From Bohemia + -ian.
In sense of Romani and by association, marginalized artists, from French bohémien (“person from Bohemia, Romani”), from Bohême (“Bohemia”). Regarding the sense evolution, compare gypsy.
Senses: examples: text: He observed, that the Bohemian language was true Sclavonick.
ref: 1791, James Boswell, Life of Johnson, Oxford, published 2008, page 467:
text: Her grandparents on one side were Bohemian, or Czech, as it was called now.
ref: 2020, Brandon Taylor, Real Life, Daunt Books Originals, page 33:
glosses: Of, or relating to Bohemia or its language.
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of bohemian; unconventional in habit or dress.
Synonyms: word: Bohemish
Derived terms: Bohemian Brethren
Bohemian chatterer
Bohemian earspoon
Bohemian Forest
Bohemian glass
Bohemianism
Bohemian pheasant
Bohemian Shepherd
Bohemian waxwing
Central Bohemian Region
Bohemian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /boʊˈhimi.ən/
Etymology: From Bohemia + -ian.
In sense of Romani and by association, marginalized artists, from French bohémien (“person from Bohemia, Romani”), from Bohême (“Bohemia”). Regarding the sense evolution, compare gypsy.
Senses: glosses: The Czech language.
Related terms: Czech
Bohemia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /boʊˈhimiə/
rhymes: -iːmiə
Etymology: Latinized translation of French Bohême, from Late Latin Boiohaemum, compound of Boio- (“the Boii”), the Celtic tribe previously inhabiting the area and Germanic *haimaz (“home”) (more at home). The endonym is from Proto-Celtic *boyos and could ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) (compare Proto-Celtic *bāus (“cattle”), genitive *bowos), a reference to cattle owners, or from *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit”), i.e. “warrior, strong hitter” (compare Proto-Celtic *binati (“to strike, hit”)).
Bohemia was abandoned by the Boii c. 60 BCE and settled by the Germanic Marcomanni shortly thereafter. Related to Bavaria.
Senses: glosses: A cultural region in the west of the former Czechoslovakia and present-day Czech Republic.
glosses: A place name elsewhere:
A place in England:
An inner suburb of Hastings, East Sussex (OS grid ref TQ8010).
glosses: A place name elsewhere:
A place in England:
A hamlet in Redlynch parish, south-east Wiltshire (OS grid ref SU2019).
glosses: A place name elsewhere:
A place in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana.
glosses: A place name elsewhere:
A place in the United States:
A township in Ontonagon County, Michigan.
glosses: A place name elsewhere:
A place in the United States:
A township in Knox County, Nebraska.
glosses: A place name elsewhere:
A place in the United States:
A township in Saunders County, Nebraska.
glosses: A place name elsewhere:
A place in the United States:
A hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Islip, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York.
Derived terms: Bohemian
bohemium
Bohemia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /boʊˈhimiə/
rhymes: -iːmiə
Forms: form: Bohemias
form: bohemia
Etymology: Latinized translation of French Bohême, from Late Latin Boiohaemum, compound of Boio- (“the Boii”), the Celtic tribe previously inhabiting the area and Germanic *haimaz (“home”) (more at home). The endonym is from Proto-Celtic *boyos and could ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) (compare Proto-Celtic *bāus (“cattle”), genitive *bowos), a reference to cattle owners, or from *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit”), i.e. “warrior, strong hitter” (compare Proto-Celtic *binati (“to strike, hit”)).
Bohemia was abandoned by the Boii c. 60 BCE and settled by the Germanic Marcomanni shortly thereafter. Related to Bavaria.
Senses: glosses: A community of bohemians, unconventional artists or writers.
Derived terms: hobohemia
Related terms: Moravia
Silesia
Sudetenland
Czechia
hu
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Pronunciation: hue
huh
Forms: form: huself
Etymology: Clipping of human, first offered for usage by Mikhail Epstein, professor of cultural theory at Emory University (in 2003).
Senses: examples: text: Hu is fond of enigmas, of conundrums, of hieroglyphics; exhibiting in hus solutions of each and all a degree of acumen which appears to the ordinary apprehension preternatural.
ref: 2002 January 3, Bryan T. McMahon, quoting Sasha Newborn, “A terrible book”, in The Ponchatoula Times, page 7:
text: When the lecturer arrives, hu will be speaking on the topic of anonymity.
ref: 2003 October 14, Mikhail Epstein, “"Hu," from "human," as a gender-neutral pronoun”, in (Usenet), message-ID <f732cdb7.0310141153.6c715df8@posting.google.com>:
text: It's the vice-president's job to support the president and take hus place when hu is away.
ref: 2007 November 29, Mikhail Epstein, “hu”, in International Society for Universal Dialog, archived from the original on 02 Jan 2012:
text: Maybe, but if his/herstory's any guide, hu has hu work cut out for hu.
ref: 2008 March, Christoph Hitz, “Hu, Me?”, in Mother Jones, →ISSN:
glosses: they (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
examples: text: One of his favorite metaphors for the historian, drawn from the "Preface" to Hegel's Philosophy of Right, likens hu to the owl of Minerva, whose flight at dusk provided the setting for mature reflection on the day that had passed.
ref: 2006, Perry Anderson with Glenn Burgess, edited by D. N. DeLuna, The Political Imagination in History: Essays Concerning J.G.A. Pocock, Owlworks, →ISBN, page 175:
glosses: them (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.
examples: text: Now, however, the editorial writer has a new weapon in hu arsenal.
ref: 2006 October 1, “He said, she said, hu said”, in Los Angeles Times:
text: If hu doesn't do hu homework, I will fail hu.
ref: 2006 November 17, Rob Kyff, “Hu Joins Heesh As Neutral Pronoun”, in Hartford Courant, archived from the original on 05 Mar 2016:
glosses: their (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular possessive adjective, coordinate with his and her.
Hyponyms: sense: as subject
word: he
sense: as subject
word: she
sense: as object
word: him
sense: as object
word: her
Derived terms: huself
Related terms: other attested gender-neutral pronouns