cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
calavera
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: calaveras
Etymology: Borrowed from Mexican Spanish calavera (literally “skull”). Doublet of calvaria and calvary.
Senses: glosses: sugar skull
renaming
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of rename
renaming
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: renamings
Senses: examples: text: Community Board 4 also generally opposes requests for street renamings, according to Robert J. Benfatto Jr., the district manager.
ref: 2007 March 22, Patrick Mcgeehan, “Jerry Orbach Is a Step Closer to a Corner Bearing His Name”, in The New York Times:
text: The executive order calls for all federal government maps and documents to “reflect its renaming.”
ref: 2025 January 28, Jordan Valinsky, “Google Maps will change the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America”, in CNN:
glosses: verbal noun of rename: An act in which something is renamed.
signer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -aɪnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: signers
Etymology: From sign + -er.
Senses: examples: text: John Hancock is a famous signer of the Declaration of Independence.
synonyms: signatory
glosses: One who signs something.
glosses: One who uses sign language.
Derived terms: robo-signer
relaxer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: relaxers
Etymology: From relax + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Music is a good relaxer.
glosses: Any agent that produces relaxation.
topics: cosmetics
lifestyle
glosses: A cream or lotion that loosens curls in the hair to aid straightening.
examples: text: Are you a doer or a relaxer? If you said “some of both,” then you're right on track.
ref: 2014, Rusty Gregory, Alan Chasen, Living Wheat-Free For Dummies, page 172:
glosses: A person who relaxes.
Related terms: relaxant
relaxation
Cuauhtémoc
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Cuauhtemoc
Etymology: From Spanish Cuauhtémoc, from Classical Nahuatl Cuauhtemoc (“One That Has Descended Like an Eagle”).
Senses: glosses: The last Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan.
glosses: A male Mexican given name.
glosses: A borough of the Mexican Federal District.
Aach
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /æk/
ipa: /ɑːk/
rhymes: -æk
rhymes: -ɑːk
homophone: awk (cot–caught merger)
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of Aachen.
examples: Herb Aach, 1923-1985
glosses: A surname from German.
Hester
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛstɚ/
rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
Etymology: From the Latin form of Esther.
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Persian, of 17th century and later usage.
Related terms: word: Esther
sense: pet forms
word: Hettie
sense: pet forms
word: Hetty
Hester
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛstɚ/
rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle Low German hêster (“beech”).
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
perks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of perk
perks
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of perk
foreign exchange
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: foreign exchanges
Senses: glosses: The exchange of currency from one country for currency from another country.
examples: text: "foreign exchange" means foreign currency and includes,- (i) deposits, credits and balances payable in any foreign currency, (ii) drafts, travelers cheques, letters of credit or bills of exchange, expressed or drawn in Indian currency but payable in any foreign currency, (iii) drafts, travelers cheques, letters of credit or bills of exchange drawn by banks, institutions or persons outside India, but payable in Indian currency;
ref: 1999, THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT, 1999, NO. 42 OF 1999 [29th December, 1999.]
glosses: Foreign currency.
Synonyms: forex
Derived terms: foreign exchange control
foreign exchange market
verifying
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of verify
ingang
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪn(ˌ)ɡæŋ/
ipa: /ˈɪnɡaŋ/
Forms: form: ingangs
Etymology: From Middle English ingang (“entrance”), from Old English ingang, from Proto-Germanic *inngangaz, equivalent to in- + gang. Cognate with Dutch ingang (“entryway”), Old High German ingang (“entrance”) (German Eingang), Swedish ingång (“entrance”), Danish indgang (“entrance, entryway”). More at in, gang.
Senses: examples: For quotations using this term, see Citations:ingang.
glosses: An entrance or entryway.
Related terms: outgang
marguerite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɑɹ.ɡəˈɹit/
Forms: form: marguerites
Etymology: From French marguerite. Doublet of Margaret (and various forms, q.v.), margarita, margarite, and Margherita, and related to margarine.
Senses: glosses: An oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare).
glosses: A shrub with daisy-like flowers, Argyranthemum frutescens
glosses: The China aster.
Related terms: margarine
Margaret
synchronizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of synchronize
best boy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɛstˌbɔɪ/
Forms: form: best boys
form: best girl
Senses: qualifier: film production
glosses: The first assistant to either the key grip (in charge of camera placement and movement) or the gaffer (in charge of lighting and electrics).
topics: lifestyle
glosses: A reader or viewer's preferred male character.
Synonyms: english: for the assistant to the key grip
translation: for the assistant to the key grip
word: second company grip
english: for the assistant to the gaffer
translation: for the assistant to the gaffer
word: assistant chief lighting technician
Related terms: best man
technologists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of technologist
retar
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: retars
form: retarring
form: retarred
form: retarred
Etymology: From re- + tar.
Senses: glosses: To provide (a road, etc.) with a new coating of tar.
rotular
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more rotular
form: most rotular
Etymology: From rotula + -ar.
Senses: examples: text: rotular surface
text: rotular groove
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to the rotula, or kneecap.
sellar
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: sĕlʹər
ipa: /ˈsɛlɚ/
homophone: cellar
homophone: seller
Etymology: From Latin sellāris.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Relating to the sella turcica.
Derived terms: extrasellar
infrasellar
intrasellar
juxtasellar
parasellar
presellar
retrosellar
subsellar
suprasellar
transsellar
simular
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈsɪmjʊlə(ɹ)/
Etymology: From Latin simulārius, from simulō (“to simulate”).
Senses: glosses: false; specious; counterfeit
simular
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈsɪmjʊlə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: simulars
Etymology: From Latin simulārius, from simulō (“to simulate”).
Senses: examples: text: Hide thee, thou bloody hand,
 Thou perjured, and thou simular of virtue
 That art incestuous.
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 54:
text: Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to say, simulars, and painted sepulchres.
ref: 1848, William Tyndale, edited by Henry Walter, Doctrinal treatises and introductions to different portions of the Holy Scriptures:
glosses: One who pretends to be what he is not; one who, or that which, simulates or counterfeits something; a pretender.
anuptaphobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From a-, nuptial, -phobia.
Senses: glosses: The fear of remaining single or being married to the wrong person.
chattered
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of chatter
Wikipediaed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of Wikipedia
worded
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of word
calendared
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Having been added to the calendar; scheduled.
glosses: Of a time period, covered by the calendar.
Derived terms: uncalendared
calendared
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: He was soon to have done with calendared time, and it had already ceased to count for him.
ref: 1927, Willa Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop, Book IX, section 6, page 293:
glosses: simple past and past participle of calendar
dried plum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dried plums
Senses: glosses: A prune.
plum pudding
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: plum puddings
form: plum-pudding
Senses: examples: text: In 1914, the Hendon and Finchley Times published a piece titled 'People who have no Christmas'. An engine-driver's comment was this: "For many years now I have never enjoyed a real Christmas. My engine has claimed me on this day, and my only regret is that I am not attached to a slow goods train, so that I could snatch time to eat some plum-pudding."
ref: 2022 December 14, David Turner, “The Edwardian Christmas getaway...”, in RAIL, number 972, page 35:
glosses: A pudding, cooked by boiling or steaming, containing a large amount of dried fruit.
Derived terms: plum pudding breed
plum pudding dog
plum-puddinger
plum pudding mahogany
plum pudding model
plum pudding stone
plum pudding voyage
Related terms: Christmas pudding
spotted dick
plum tree
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: plum trees
form: plumtree
Etymology: From Middle English plumtre, from Old English plūmtrēow; equivalent to plum + tree.
Senses: glosses: A tree that bears plums.
Synonyms: sense: tree
word: plum
Hypernyms: tree
Derived terms: shake the plum tree
Related terms: August plum
sugar-plum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sugar-plums
form: sugar plum
form: sugarplum
Senses: glosses: A round or oval sweet/piece of candy made of boiled sugar.
glosses: A piece of flattery.
glosses: Term of endearment: sweetheart, darling.
glosses: Uapaca kirkiana, an southern African fruit tree.
glosses: The fruit of this tree.
glosses: The prune plum.
glosses: to daydream
Synonyms: word: boiled sweet
Coordinate terms: comfit
Derived terms: sugar-plum chalk
the Sugar Plum Fairy
sugar-plum land
technologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɛkˈnɒləd͡ʒɪst/
ipa: /tɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/
rhymes: -ɒlədʒɪst
Forms: form: technologists
Etymology: From technolog(y) + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: The technologist must be careful not to overmoisten the disk, as false negative results can occur due to dilution of the end product.
ref: 1990, Ellen Jo Baron, Sydney M. Finegold, Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, page 418:
text: Gravity, heat, [and] electromagnetism…are the natural phenomena that scientists study and that engineers and technologists use to make their tools.
ref: 2012, David Blockley, Engineering: A Very Short Introduction (309), chapter 1, page 16
synonyms: tech
glosses: A scientist, engineer, or technician who specializes in a particular technology, or who uses technology in a particular field.
courser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɜːsə/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)sə(ɹ)
homophone: curser
homophone: cursor
Forms: form: coursers
Etymology: From Middle English courser, Anglo-Norman cursier, corser, from Medieval Latin cursārius. By surface analysis, course + -er. Doublet of corsair and hussar.
Senses: glosses: A dog used for coursing.
glosses: A hunter who practises coursing.
examples: text: Sir Launfal is instantly set at liberty, and vaulting on the courser his mistress had bestowed on him, and which was held at hand by his squire, he follows her out of the town.
ref: 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 57:
glosses: A swift horse; a racehorse or a charger.
glosses: Any of several species of terrestrial bird in the genera Cursorius and Rhinoptilus.
glosses: A stone used in building a course.
Derived terms: bronze-winged courser
Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
Burchell's courser
Cursorius rufus
cream-coloured courser
Cursorius cursor
double-banded courser
Rhinoptilus africanus
Indian courser
Cursorius coromandelicus
Jerdon's courser
Rhinoptilus bitorquatus
Somali courser
Cursorius somalensis
Temminck's courser
Cursorius temminckii
three-banded courser
Rhinoptilus cinctus
tounge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tounges
Senses: glosses: Obsolete spelling of tongue.
glosses: Misspelling of tongue.
peri-urban
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɛɹ.iˈɝ.bən/
Forms: form: more peri-urban
form: most peri-urban
form: periurban
Etymology: From peri- + urban.
Senses: examples: text: Urban agriculture is the growing of plants and raising of animals in and around urban or peri-urban areas.
ref: 2010, Leslie A. Duram, Encyclopedia of Organic, Sustainable, and Local Food, ABC-CLIO, LLC, published 2010, →ISBN, page 361:
text: Although Lusaka is the smallest town in Lusaka Province and one of the smallest in the nation, it has the biggest population and largest growth rates, and there is pressure from in-migration and growth in peri-urban settlements.
ref: 2010, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Solid Waste Management in the World's Cities: Water and Sanitation in the World's Cities 2010, Earthscan, →ISBN, page 66:
text: In this respect, Yuxi represents an intermediate case, between the encompassing model of residence-based citizenship being created in peri-urban communities around Changsha and the gender exclusivity of Fuzhou villages.
ref: 2011, Sally Sargeson, Song Yu, “Gender, Citizenship, and Agency in Land Development”, in Tamara Jacka, Sally Sargeson, editors, Women, Gender and Development in Rural China, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, →ISBN, page 43:
text: “We would expect peri-urban land to be more fertile than average land, as mankind tends to settle where crops can be produced,” says Felix Creutzig from the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change in Berlin, and principal author on the paper.
ref: 2016 December 27, Emma Bryce, “Growing mega-cities will displace vast tracts of farmland by 2030, study says”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Immediately adjoining an urban area; between the suburbs and the countryside.
periurban
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of peri-urban.
initiation ceremony
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: initiation ceremonies
Senses: glosses: A ritual during which an initiate is admitted to an organization or given secret knowledge; sometimes contains one or more tests that have to be passed or endured
Synonyms: initiation rite
rite of passage
proliferous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɪfəɹəs
Forms: form: more proliferous
form: most proliferous
Senses: glosses: producing many offspring; prolific or proliferative
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: producing many buds or offshoots from leaves or flowers
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: reproducing by budding
Derived terms: proliferously
Related terms: proliferate
proliferation
proliferative
prolific
meticulously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more meticulously
form: most meticulously
Etymology: From meticulous + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: carefully, methodically, precisely, rigorously, scrupulously, thoroughly
text: In fact, they ran that forty-three minutes’ meeting so meticulously, they even took input from the public with predictable results.
ref: 2016, Tim Carvell [et al.], “Special Districts”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 4, John Oliver (actor), Warner Bros. Television, via HBO:
synonyms: conscientiously
painstakingly
fastidiously
antonyms: sloppily
carelessly
slapdashedly
glosses: In a meticulous manner.
heterecious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: living on one host at one stage (or generation) and then upon another in the next
sternal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɜː.nəl/
ipa: /ˈstɜː.nl̩/
ipa: /ˈstɝ.nl̩/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl
Etymology: From sternum + -al.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Of, relating to, or near the sternum.
Derived terms: antesternal
asternal
chondrosternal
coracosternal
costosternal
episternal
hyosternal
infrasternal
intersternal
labiosternal
latisternal
midsternal
parasternal
peristernal
poststernal
presternal
retrosternal
sternal angle
sternal bar
sternal cartilage
sternally
sternal plane
sternal puncture
sternal religion
sternal transfusion
sterno-
substernal
suprasternal
supersternal
tracheosternal
transsternal
vertebrosternal
entryphone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: entryphones
Etymology: From entry + phone.
Senses: glosses: An intercom system which enables someone, without opening the door, to converse with the person who has rung the doorbell.
Synonyms: doorphone
intercom
Derived terms: video entryphone
speak-box
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: speak-boxes
Senses: glosses: an intercom that allows a visitor to a building to speak to someone inside before being allowed entry; an entryphone
coursing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ɔː(ɹ)sɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of course
coursing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɔː(ɹ)sɪŋ
Forms: form: coursings
Senses: examples: text: Narracoorte was the great coursing centre of the district, and, I believe, of the colony.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 133:
glosses: The sport of chasing wild animals, especially hares, with dogs by sight rather than by scent.
wild animal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwaɪld ˈænɪməl/
Forms: form: wild animals
form: wild-animal
Senses: examples: text: Visitors must not feed the wild animals, for the health and safety of both the animals and the visitors.
coordinate_terms: livestock
pet
working animal
glosses: Any (nonhuman) animal living in a natural, undomesticated state.
examples: text: We've got some wild animals up in here tonight!
glosses: A person exhibiting uncontrolled and risky, possibly aggressive, behaviour.
Related terms: beast
game
wildlife
wackiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wackinesses
Etymology: From wacky + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being wacky.
wadding
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɒdɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈwɑdɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɒdɪŋ
Forms: form: waddings
Etymology: From wad + -ing (“material, collection”).
Senses: glosses: Wads collectively.
examples: text: She slipped a hand into her kerchief pocket and took out the wadding and waved in reply of course without letting him and then slipped it back.
ref: 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 1: Telemachus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part I [Telemachia], page 13:
glosses: Soft, fibrous cotton or wool used to make a wad, or as a packaging material.
wadding
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɒdɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈwɑdɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɒdɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of wad
wagerer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wagerers
Etymology: From wager + -er.
Senses: examples: text: ‘He thinks you’ll be around twelve to one to win, but we won’t know for sure until the wagerers see you ride.’
ref: 2024, Jasper Fforde, Red Side Story, Hodder & Stoughton, page 280:
glosses: A person who wagers or bets.
waggery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: waggeries
Etymology: From wag + -ery.
Senses: examples: text: Earnestly bent upon fulfilling the weighty, nay solemn, responsibilities of his office at all hazard, even at the risk of so far neglecting his parliamentary duties as to appear upon the division-list less frequently than any of his colleagues, Sir John Pakington wore the wooden spoon at the whitebait dinner, though with an air of waggery — almost as a decoration.
ref: 1858, Charles Kent, The Derby Ministry: A Series of Cabinet Pictures, page 237:
glosses: Droll behaviour characteristic of a wag.
glosses: A droll remark or jest.
wagoner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wagoners
form: waggoner
form: wagonner
Etymology: From wagon + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: wagonman, wainman, wagonmaster, carter, cartman
text: Now give me some surance that thou art Revenge,
Stab them, or tear them on thy chariot-wheels;
And then I’ll come and be thy waggoner,
And whirl along with thee about the globe.
ref: c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
text: Places, then, being taken for Esther and me in the Chester waggon, I pass over a very immaterial scene of leave-taking, at which I droped a few tears betwixt grief and joy; and, for the same reasons of insignificance, skip over all that happened to me on the road, such as the waggoner’s looking liquorish on me, the schemes laid for me by some of the passengers, which were defeated by the valiance of my guardian Esther […]
ref: 1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:
english: Fanny Hill
translation: Fanny Hill
text: 1819, William Wordsworth, The Waggoner, Canto I, lines 23-25,
’Tis Benjamin the Waggoner;
Who long hath trod this toilsome way,
Companion of the night and day.
text: That honest wagoner is thinking of his dinner, getting sadly dry in the oven at this late hour; but he will not touch it till he has fed his horses,–the strong, submissive, meek-eyed beasts, who, I fancy, are looking mild reproach at him from between their blinkers, that he should crack his whip at them in that awful manner as if they needed that hint!
ref: 1860, George Eliot, The Mill on the Floss, Book I, Chapter 1:
text: He met a waggoner and tried to make him understand, but the tale he told and his appearance were so wild—his hat had fallen off in the pit—that the man simply drove on.
ref: 1895–1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter 2, in The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, published 1898, →OCLC, (please specify the page number(s)):
synonyms: waggoneer
wagoneer
glosses: Someone who drives a wagon.
topics: business
mining
synonyms: waggoneer
wagoneer
glosses: Someone who drives a wagon.
One who transports the mined material away from the face in wagons.
Derived terms: Northern Waggoner
Related terms: wagonmaker
wagonwright
wainwright
waggoner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: waggoners
Etymology: From waggon + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The opposition came from the usual quarters, namely, the stage coach owners and waggoners, and we read that before the construction of the railway, large studs of horses were kept in the town for use in the coaches and carts.
ref: 1949 July and August, John A. Birks, Peter Coxon, “The Mansfield & Pinxton Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 227:
glosses: Alternative spelling of wagoner.
Wagoner
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Waggoner
Etymology: From wagoner. Doublet of Wagner.
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: The constellation Auriga.
glosses: A surname originating as an occupation for a wagoner.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Rochester Township, Fulton County, Indiana, United States, also named Mount Zion
glosses: A city, the county seat of Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States.
Derived terms: Wagoner County
Waggoner
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of Wagoner.
glosses: A surname originating as an occupation for a wagoner.
waist-deep
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: waist-high
text: When the river broke through defenses near the city of Wuhan in Hopeh^([sic – meaning Hupeh]) Province, Peking Radio reported that 10,000 peasants with straw mats on their backs stood waist-deep in the water to form a human dike until their places could be filled with sandbags.
ref: 1982, Champ Clark, “The Yangtze: China's Second Killer River”, in Flood (Planet Earth), Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 49, column 2:
coordinate_terms: ankle-deep
elbow-deep
knee-deep
neckdeep
glosses: As deep as would reach to the waist (of a standing person).
raw_tags: of water etc
Derived terms: waist-deep in the Big Muddy
waist-high
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: waist-deep
text: Though this arrangement was a vast improvement on what had gone before, the engine crew were still very conscious of a side wind round their legs, and it was not until 1892 that R. J. Billinton rectified this, when he built his "D3" Class 0-4-4 bogie tank engines Nos. 363-398, and provided them with waist-high close-fitting cab doors.
ref: 1945 November and December, A. B. MacLeod, “Development of the L.B.S.C.R. Driver's Cab”, in Railway Magazine, pages 335–336:
coordinate_terms: ankle-deep
chest-high
knee-high
knee-deep
glosses: As high as would reach to the waist (of a standing person).
waitperson
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: waitpersons
form: waitpeople
Etymology: From wait + person. Due to the use of waitress.
Senses: examples: text: He was reduced to flirting with waitpersons, and even they turned a cold shoulder.
ref: 2003, Margaret Atwood, Oryx and Crake, Virago Press (2013), page 292:
glosses: A waiter or waitress.
Synonyms: word: server
word: waitron
wakeful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more wakeful
form: most wakeful
form: wakefull
Etymology: From wake + -ful.
Senses: glosses: Awake; not sleeping.
glosses: Sleepless.
examples: text: “Be wakeful, Beowulf, against our foe.”
ref: 1961, Norma Lorre Goodrich, “Beowulf”, in The Medieval Myths, New York: The New American Library, page 29:
glosses: Vigilant and alert; watchful.
Derived terms: wakefully
wakefulness
wakefully
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more wakefully
form: most wakefully
Etymology: From wakeful + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a wakeful manner.
wakefulness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wakefulnesses
Etymology: From wakeful + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Similarly, the brain-penetrating Hrh2 antagonist zolantidine had no effect on light-induced phase shift as shown for hamsters, or the lengths or distributions of NREM, REM and wakefulness states as shown on rats.
ref: 2015 December 11, “On the Role of Histamine Receptors in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: The state of being wakeful.
Synonyms: word: wakefulness
word: consciousness
word: energy
word: invigoration
word: pep
word: verve
word: vigor
word: get-up-and-go
Related terms: word: wake
word: awake
walkout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: walkouts
form: walk-out
Etymology: A deverbal from walk out.
Senses: examples: text: Thursday’s walkout occurred three weeks after several dozen employees at warehouses that serve Walmart walked off the job in California and Illinois to protest what they said were onerous conditions, including toiling in warehouses that they said sometimes heat up to 120 degrees.
ref: 2012 October 5, Steven Greenhouse, “Walmart Workers Stage a Walkout in California”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: Despite DoRA [Defence of the Realm Act] being waved about once again, walk-outs did take place on parts of the Great Western Railway in September 1918 - this time predominantly among NUR members.
ref: 2020 January 2, Conrad Landin, “Strife and strikes in post-war Britain”, in Rail, pages 51–52:
synonyms: strike#Noun
hypernyms: industrial action
labor action
coordinate_terms: lockout#Noun
stayaway#Noun
stayout#Noun
qualifier: labour
glosses: A sudden stoppage of work.
examples: text: Many people agreed this play did not belong in the festival: this tied with House on Mayhem Street for most walkouts, and was the subject of much angry discussion afterwards.
ref: 1986 April 26, Mara Math, “Controversy or Compromise? Feminism Gets Lost Off-stage”, in Gay Community News, page 14:
text: The protest group — conducting a virtual “walkout” of sorts since most Facebook employees are working from home because of the coronavirus pandemic — was one of a number of clusters of employees pressing Facebook executives to take a tougher stand on Mr. Trump’s posts.
ref: 2020 June 1, Sheera Frenkel, Mike Isaac, Cecilia Kang, Gabriel J. X. Dance, “Facebook Employees Stage Virtual Walkout to Protest Trump Posts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A similar mass action of people leaving a place as a form of protest.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
weightlifting
glosses: A part of the squat exercise wherein one has to step out from the rack (“walk out” the weight) in order not to hit it during execution.
Derived terms: take a walkout powder
Related terms: walk out
walkout
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: walk-out
Etymology: A deverbal from walk out.
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of walk out.
walk out on
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: walks out on
form: walking out on
form: walked out on
form: walked out on
Senses: examples: text: What would you think if I sang out of tune? Would you stand up and walk out on me?
ref: 1967, “With a Little Help from My Friends”, in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, performed by Beatles:
glosses: To abandon or desert someone, especially a spouse.
walk-up
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Deverbal from walk up; (northern flicker): imitative of the bird's call.
Senses: glosses: Reached by stairs rather than an elevator.
raw_tags: of an apartment etc
glosses: Containing such flats.
raw_tags: of a block of apartments
synonyms: walk-in
glosses: For which no appointment is necessary.
raw_tags: of a service
walk-up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: walk-ups
Etymology: Deverbal from walk up; (northern flicker): imitative of the bird's call.
Senses: examples: text: I became the tenant of a walk-up on East Tenth Street, on the north side of Tompkins Square, found for me by the seemingly omni-connected Ian McEwan […]
ref: 2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic, published 2011, page 228:
text: They took a cab and climbed the four flights to Sasha's Lower East Side walk-up.
ref: 2010, Jennifer Egan, “Found Objects”, in A Visit from the Goon Squad:
glosses: An apartment or block with stairs rather than an elevator.
examples: text: Pilot walk-ups welcomed for real-time satellite and radar weather imaging information.
ref: 1993, Flying Magazine, volume 120, number 10, page 33:
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An informal visit to a control tower by a pilot, typically used as part of pilot training.
examples: text: Western mountains are easy walk-ups. Eastern mountains are hard crawl-ups, but no oxygen problems.
ref: 2009, Richard Norgaard, Controlling Your Future: Six Steps To A Better Life, page 97:
glosses: A mountain that can be climbed without specialist equipment.
examples: text: The first hour is for walk-ups only, with one foursome per hour reserved for walk-ups as well.
ref: 2015, Paul Laubach, Confessions of a Golfaholic, page 205:
glosses: A customer who arrives without a reservation; a walk-in.
examples: text: Soba is […] making appearances everywhere from street food walk-ups to fine dining restaurants.
ref: 2021, Katie Takayasu, Plants First, page 266:
glosses: An indoor or outdoor stand where food is sold to the public.
glosses: Colaptes auratus, northern flicker.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
qualifier: especially bass
glosses: A sequence of notes that raises in pitch stepwise, connecting two or more chords.
walleyed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈwɔːlaɪd/
Forms: form: more walleyed
form: most walleyed
form: wall-eyed
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English wawil-eghed, Middle English wolden-eiged (“having very light-colored eyes; having parti-colored eyes”), from Old Norse vagl-eygr (“having speckled eyes”), in turn from Old Norse vagl (“speck or beam in the eye”) (compare Icelandic vagl (“film over the eye”), Swedish vagel (“stye in the eye”)) and Old Norse eygr, from Old Norse auga, which is cognate to English eye.
Senses: glosses: Having eyes with a pale-coloured iris.
glosses: Having eyes of different colours.
examples: text: […] this is the bloodiest shame,
The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke,
That ever wall-eyed wrath or staring rage
Presented to the tears of soft remorse.
ref: c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
text: A nose of land ran out into the sea from Tanoo and split the village into two parts; the parts diverged at a slight angle, so that the village of Tanoo had a wall-eyed stare out over the sea.
ref: 1941, Emily Carr, chapter 2, in Klee Wyck:
text: The little man only came up to Poplavsky's shoulder, but he reduced him to mortal terror with his fang, his knife and his walleyed squint, and he had an air of cool, calculating energy.
ref: 1967, Mikhail Bulgakov, translated by Michael Glenny, The Master and Margarita, Signet, Book One, Chapter 18, p. 197:
glosses: Suffering from exotropia.
glosses: Having bulging eyes.
raw_tags: of fish
Derived terms: english: back-formation
translation: back-formation
word: walleye
word: walleyed pike
Related terms: fish-eyed
wide-eyed
wall-eyed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of walleyed.
phytophagous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more phytophagous
form: most phytophagous
Etymology: From phyto- + -phagous.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
related: word: phytophagic
synonyms: plantivorous
glosses: Feeding on plants, herbivorous.
Derived terms: entomophytophagous
zoophytophagous
Related terms: phytophagy
phytophilous
phytophagy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From phyto- (“plant”) + -phagy (“to feed on”).
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
synonyms: herbivory
glosses: The eating of plants.
Derived terms: entomophytophagy
phytophagic
phytophagous
phytophilous
Related terms: Phytophaga
robo-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹəʊ.bəʊ/
ipa: /ˈɹəʊ.bə/
ipa: /ˈɹoʊ.boʊ/
ipa: /ˈɹoʊ.bə/
Etymology: From robot (borrowed from Czech and Slovak robota.)
Senses: glosses: robot, robotic
Synonyms: word: -bot
anglicization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: anglicizations
Senses: glosses: American spelling and Oxford British English standard spelling of anglicisation.
wall-to-wall
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: That covers all of the floor of a room.
raw_tags: of carpeting
examples: text: The TV showed wall-to-wall coverage of the bombing.
text: We all know how genius “Kamp Krusty,” “A Streetcar Named Marge,” “Homer The Heretic,” “Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie” and “Mr. Plow” are, but even the relatively unheralded episodes offer wall-to-wall laughs.
ref: 2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV review: The Simpsons (Classic): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: Pervasive, ubiquitous, or unremitting.
examples: text: The airport was wall-to-wall with impatient passengers.
text: The main ballroom at the exclusive Pacific Club in Newport Beach was wall to wall with lawyers, judges, and politicians last December as the law school at the University of California, Irvine—the first public law school launched in California in more than 40 years—hosted a coming-out party for its first dean.
ref: 2008 December, Michael Christopher Carroll, “Blue Man's Mission”, in Orange Coast, volume 34, number 12, →ISSN, page 112:
glosses: Full, crowded.
raw_tags: of a space
Related terms: area rug
gassho
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gasshos
Etymology: From Japanese 合掌 (gasshō), from Middle Chinese 合掌 (ɣop-tʃáng, “Buddhist-style pressed-palm gesture of piety”) (compare Mandarin 合掌 (hézhǎng), Cantonese 合掌 (hap⁶ jeung²)), from 合 (“unite”) and 掌 (zhǎng, “palm”).
Senses: glosses: A ritual gesture of Eastern origin, with hands pressed together in front of the chest. It can be used for prayer or as a sign of greeting, gratitude, reverence, or apology. When performed with a bow, it is called gassho rei.
Synonyms: namaste
gassho
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: gasshos
form: gasshoing
form: gasshoed
form: gasshoed
Etymology: From Japanese 合掌 (gasshō), from Middle Chinese 合掌 (ɣop-tʃáng, “Buddhist-style pressed-palm gesture of piety”) (compare Mandarin 合掌 (hézhǎng), Cantonese 合掌 (hap⁶ jeung²)), from 合 (“unite”) and 掌 (zhǎng, “palm”).
Senses: glosses: To make this gesture.
callaloo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /kæləˈluː/
Forms: form: callaloos
form: calaloo
form: calalu
form: callalou
form: kallaloo
Etymology: From American Spanish calalú. Compare Sranan Tongo krarun, Dutch klaroen.
Senses: glosses: Any of various tropical plants grown in the Americas, especially of the genera Amaranthus and Xanthosoma, cultivated for their edible leaves.
examples: text: But a little callaloo soup and a few mouthfuls of stewed goat, saw me much improved.
ref: 2010, Andrea Levy, The Long Song, Tinder Press (2017), page 55:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: spicy soup or stew made from such leaves.
maitre d'hotel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: maitres d'hotel
Senses: examples: text: We have a Maitre d’Hotel, or Steward — A Cook who has under him, two Scullions — Moozhiks.
ref: 1810 December, John Quincy Adams, “1809–1814: St. Petersburg”, in David Waldstreicher, editor, Diaries, volume I (1779–1821), New York, N.Y.: The Library of America, published 2017, →ISBN, page 195:
text: Julius Vanice, the maitre d’hotel of the Pennsylvania, New York City, came to that position from the Detroit Statler.
ref: 1920, The Hotel World: The Hotel and Travelers Journal, volume 90, →OCLC, page 47, column 2:
text: I never got seated. 1 stood in the entrance half an hour, bypassed again and again by a maitre d’hotel who had clearly been through all this many times before. Walking to a seat, I realized, would gain me nothing. No waiter would take my order.
ref: 1963 April, Robert Silverberg, “To See the Invisible Man”, in Frederik Pohl, editor, Worlds of Tomorrow, volume 1, number 1, New York, N.Y.: The Barmaray Co., Inc., →ISSN, page 155, column 1:
text: Avignon was a friend of cops who knew he would make them look good in the papers, and loved by bribable maitres d’hotel who he paid well for tips about when Cher was around with her latest lover.
ref: 1992 March, Michael Jahn, “Fireflies Across the Graveyard”, in City of God (A Lieutenant Bill Donovan Mystery), New York, N.Y.: Thomas Dunne Books, →ISBN, page 49:
text: The manager pushed his waiter aside, grabbed some menus, draped a linen napkin over his arm, and with the flair of a maitre d’hotel, escorted us to a prominent table.
ref: 2016, Jerry Eckert, “‘If I Have Served My People - - -’”, in Weeping Kings and Wild Boars: Moments of Magic and Sorrow in Forty Years Trying to Save the World, Fort Collins, Colo.: Hot Chocolate Press, →ISBN, page 144:
text: Little wonder, then, that despite Sir Isidore’s interest in popular catering, Westminster’s cookery courses were concerned solely with haute cuisine while anyone wishing to become a waiter aimed to be a maitre d’hotel.
ref: 2016, Miles Quest, Jim Cartwright, “[Between the wars – and into wartime] Who was doing the training?”, in Service on a Plate: The Story of Contract Catering, Gravesend, Kent: H2O Publishing, →ISBN, page 20:
text: There’s a maitre d’hotel with long pitchers just behind. Have a cigar, Tony, go on?
ref: 2017 [1930], Philip MacDonald, “[Reel One] Sequence the Second […]”, in The Rynox Mystery: An Exercise in Crime (The Detective Story Club), London: Collins Crime Club, →ISBN, section 3, pages 32–33:
text: He took her for dinner to a restaurant on K Street that had dim lighting and black-leather banquettes with a maitre d’hotel who sang Puccini and Verdi arias in a liquid baritone voice.
ref: 2018, David Ignatius, “Old Town, Alexandria”, in The Quantum Spy: A Thriller, New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 88:
glosses: Alternative spelling of maître d'hôtel.
waltzer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: waltzers
Etymology: From waltz + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who dances the waltz.
glosses: A fairground ride consisting of a number of cars that spin individually while rotating around a central point like a carousel.
wanderings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of wandering
wangler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wanglers
Etymology: From wangle + -er.
Senses: glosses: a person who wangles
wanly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more wanly
form: most wanly
Etymology: From wan + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: She has the faded look of a St. James's Street illumination, as it may be seen of an early morning, when half the lamps are out, and the others are blinking wanly, as if they were about to vanish like ghosts before the dawn.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 48, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
text: Having turned about, he kept his horse to a walk, and at this gait the sleighbells tinkled but intermittently. Gleaming wanly through the whitish vapour that kept rising from the trotter’s body and flanks, they were like tiny fog-bells, and made the only sounds in a great winter silence.
ref: 1918, Booth Tarkington, chapter 7, in The Magnificent Ambersons:
text: […] [he] spent a lot of time wanly imagining how warm and secure marriage must make men feel […]
ref: 1988, Edmund White, chapter 5, in The Beautiful Room is Empty, New York: Vintage International, published 1994:
glosses: In a wan or pale manner.
wanness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wannesses
Etymology: From wan + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: […] the faint contours of grey clouds and the wannesses and darknesses of a rainy heaven, reflecting also on the faces of the men. All of us look a little strained, a little tired.
ref: 1919, Stephen Graham, A Private in the Guards, page 139:
glosses: The state of being wan; pallor.
warbonnet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: warbonnets
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of war bonnet.
war bonnet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: war bonnets
Senses: glosses: A ceremonial headdress, decorated with a trailing extension of eagle feathers, worn by some Native American peoples.
wikipedia: Wilton Littlechild
Related terms: featherhead
plume
warmblooded
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of warm-blooded.
Cappadocia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /kæpəˈdoʊʃə/
ipa: /-ˈdoʊkiə/
Etymology: From Latin Cappadocia, from Ancient Greek Καππαδοκία (Kappadokía), from Old Persian 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 (k-t-p-tu-u-k /⁠katpatuka⁠/).
Senses: glosses: A historical region and ancient kingdom in central Asia Minor, in present-day Turkey.
glosses: A former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 18 AD until the 7th century.
Derived terms: Cappadocian
copper ore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: copper ores
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: any rock containing commercially interesting amounts of copper
warm-bloodedness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: warmbloodedness
Etymology: From warm-blooded + -ness.
Senses: glosses: the state of being warm-blooded
Synonyms: endothermy
homeothermy
black and tan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /blakən(d)ˈtan/
Forms: form: black and tans
form: black-and-tan
Senses: glosses: Any of various breeds of dog having black and tan colouring.
glosses: A bar, nightclub etc. which had both black and white customers, especially one that featured black entertainers.
examples: text: Not only did the Dublin barkeeps not make a shamrock in the foam, they claimed to not even know what a black and tan was.
glosses: An alcoholic drink made from a dark and a light malt, typically stout (black) and ale (tan).
Related terms: Black and Tans
half and half
callously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more callously
form: most callously
Etymology: From callous + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: During sentencing, she added: "You told (the victims) that resistance was futile. Sometimes you would be begged to stop. You sought power over them - these women you treated callously - and used them as sex toys for your pleasure."
ref: 2025 June 19, “Student who raped 10 women jailed for 24 years”, in BBC:
glosses: In a callous manner; done without regard to others' sensitivities.
Synonyms: sense: in a callous manner
word: carelessly
sense: in a callous manner
word: hardheartedly
sense: in a callous manner
word: indifferently
sense: in a callous manner
word: unfeelingly
callousness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: callousnesses
Etymology: From callous + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Fred was known for his callousness; local panhandlers had long since learned not to try their sob stories on him.
text: To have killed Laploshka was one thing; to have kept his beloved money would have argued a callousness of feeling of which I was not capable.
ref: 1910, Saki [pseudonym; Hector Hugh Munro], “The Soul of Laploshka”, in Reginald in Russia and Other Sketches, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 69:
synonyms: callosity
hardheartedness
insensitivity
glosses: The quality of being callous; emotional hardheartedness or indifference.
glosses: The quality of having calluses.
campy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæmpi/
Forms: form: campier
form: campiest
Etymology: From camp (“an affected or exaggerated style”) + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Stu liked to watch campy B-movie horror flicks from the 1950s, not because they scared him, but because he found them funny.
text: It no longer worked, culturally or financially, to be either snooty or campy about lowbrow culture; at the same time its mediation of highbrow culture no longer counted for much either.
ref: 2000 September 21, Hal Foster, “Slumming with Rappers at the Roxy”, in London Review of Books, volume 22, number 18, →ISSN:
text: A campy science-fiction/horror musical whose characters include the cross-dressing mad scientist Dr. Frank-N-Furter, it had been developing a following for its Friday and Saturday midnight showings for several months.
ref: 2023 February 19, Richard Sandomir, “Sal Piro, ‘Rocky Horror Picture Show’ Superfan, Dies at 72”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: A campy fairy-tale spoof that sidesteps the bio-musical formula to focus on a cast of disillusioned Disney princesses and storybook protagonists, “Once Upon a One More Time” is the latest in a long line of jukebox musicals that have plumbed the catalogs of acts including Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons, Michael Jackson, Tina Turner and the Temptations in pursuit of box office gold.
ref: 2023 June 21, Julia Jacobs, “A Britney Spears Jukebox Musical Hopes for #SeeBritney Energy”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Characterized by camp or kitsch, especially when deliberate or intentional.
Synonyms: sense: characterized by camp or kitsch
word: camp
sense: characterized by camp or kitsch
word: corny
sense: characterized by camp or kitsch
word: hammy
sense: characterized by camp or kitsch
word: silly
sense: characterized by camp or kitsch
word: tawdry
sense: characterized by camp or kitsch
word: vulgar
Derived terms: campily
campiness
uncampy
campier
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: comparative form of campy: more campy