cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
cape
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kāp
ipa: /keɪp/
rhymes: -eɪp
Forms: form: capes
Etymology: From Middle English cape, gappe, cap, from Old French cap (“cape, headland”), from Latin caput (“head”).
Doublet of capo, caput, chef, and chief, and distantly with head and Howth.
For sense development, compare English ness (“a promontory point, cape”) from a root related to nose, Bulgarian нос (nos) (the same PIE root). Also compare coast (<< Latin costa).
Senses: topics: geography
natural-sciences
synonyms: chersonese
ness
peninsula
point
glosses: A piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake; a promontory; a headland.
Derived terms: word: Cape Ann
word: Cape Breton
word: Cape Clear Island
word: Cape Coast
word: Cape Cod
word: Cape Comorin
word: Cape D'Aguilar
word: Cape Filchner
word: Cape Flattery
taxonomic: Vulpes chama
word: Cape fox
word: Cape Girardeau
word: Cape Hatteras
word: Cape ivy
word: Cape Kennedy
word: Cape May
word: Cape of Good Hope
word: Cape Penck
word: Cape Peninsula
word: Cape Point
word: cape-pondweed
word: Cape Prince of Wales
word: Cape Ray
word: cape seahorse
word: Capesize
word: capesized
word: Cape Tribulation
word: Cape Verde
word: Cape Winelands
word: Cape Wrath
word: Cape York
word: North Cape
word: Starostin Cape
cape
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kāp
ipa: /keɪp/
rhymes: -eɪp
Forms: form: capes
Etymology: From French cape, from Old Occitan capa, from Late Latin cappa (“cape”). The second sense ("superhero") is metonymic from the fact that many superheroes wear capes. Likewise, the verb sense "defend, praise" alludes to the stereotypical depiction of superheroes wearing capes when they come to people's defense. (Compare caped crusader.) Doublet of capa and cappa.
Senses: examples: text: Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.
ref: 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
glosses: A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders.
examples: text: Rows and rows of booths and pavilions stretch across the floor, draped with glowing holograms and shifting signs beckoning capes to try their wares. Bystander insurance. Hypertech components. Mystical ingredients. Training DVDs ...
ref: 2017, April Daniels, Dreadnought: Nemesis - Book One, Diversion Books, →ISBN:
glosses: A superhero.
Derived terms: Batcape
batcape
capekino
capeless
capelet
capelike
capeshit
capewise
flag cape
Inverness cape
minicape
raincape
uncape
Related terms: cloak
cape
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kāp
ipa: /keɪp/
rhymes: -eɪp
Forms: form: capes
form: caping
form: caped
form: caped
Etymology: From French cape, from Old Occitan capa, from Late Latin cappa (“cape”). The second sense ("superhero") is metonymic from the fact that many superheroes wear capes. Likewise, the verb sense "defend, praise" alludes to the stereotypical depiction of superheroes wearing capes when they come to people's defense. (Compare caped crusader.) Doublet of capa and cappa.
Senses: examples: text: “I became a novillero when I was fourteen, but I had already been going to the fields and caping bulls since I was about twelve."
ref: 2013, Odie Hawkins, The Black Matador, "Sugar", AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 140:
glosses: To incite or attract (a bull) to charge a certain direction, by waving a cape.
examples: text: The ship capes southwest by south.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To head or point; to keep a course.
glosses: To skin an animal, particularly a deer.
examples: text: A lot of African-Americans believe the answer is Clinton, mostly because "she's not Trump" and because President Barack Obama is shamelessly caping for her.
ref: 2016, Ken Makin, “Clinton-Trump debacle underscores gross misunderstanding of politics”, in Urban Pro Weekly, 6 October - 12 October 2016, page 5:
text: Many times, you see white supremacist groups caping for women to mask their agenda of white nationalism.
ref: 2017, Laila Nur, quoted in Jordan Green, "Far-right groups converge behind anti-sharia message in Raleigh", Triad City Beat, 14 June - 20 June 2017, page 9
text: "I can't believe I'm out here caping for a politician."
ref: 2017, Mindy Isser [organizer], quoted by Aubrey Whelan [journalist] in "For Philly's socialists, election wins signal momentum", The Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 November 2017
text: […] Biden is the old man who once caped for systematic racism; […]
ref: 2019 April 3, Julian Lutz, “Elizabeth Warren has authenticity”, in The Hawk, Saint Joseph's University, page 8:
glosses: To defend or praise, especially that which is unworthy.
raw_tags: with "for"
examples: text: The white fur that caped his neck and shoulders stood on end.
ref: 1988, Susan Lowell, Ganado Red: A Novella and Stories, Milkweed Editions, →ISBN, page 86:
text: He shook her gently, combing his fingers through her coppery curls that caped her shoulders like filigree.
ref: 1991, Terri Valentine, Outlaw’s Kiss, Zebra Books, →ISBN, page 329:
text: He caped the children and draped them in long wraps, wigs, and swords, and then they all went off down the hall, around the house, and into the yard, Jack singing in his high little voice, “Let’s go off adventuring, adventuring, adventuring!”
ref: 1995, Jim Schutze, By Two and Two: The Scandalous Story of Twin Sisters Accused of a Shocking Crime of Passion, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, Inc., →ISBN, page 62:
text: Out of the corner of his eye, he saw blatant relief sketched on her face as the jacket caped her body.
ref: 2014, Kate Meader, Hot and Bothered, Forever, Grand Central Publishing, →ISBN:
glosses: To cover (as) with or like a cape.
caper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkeɪpə/
rhymes: -eɪpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: capers
Etymology: Clipping of capriole.
Senses: glosses: A playful leap or jump.
glosses: A jump while dancing.
glosses: A prank or practical joke.
glosses: Playful behaviour.
examples: text: His caper had failed to find a comic resolution. Instead, there had been a genre switch, and the madcap adventure had turned serious. Or had this bleakness underlain the caper from the start?
ref: 2022, Jennifer Egan, “i, the Protagonist”, in The Candy House:
text: The elusive 87-year-old author’s new book is a noir caper set during the big band era following a detective in search of a cheese heiress[.]
ref: 2025 April 9, Lucy Knight, “Thomas Pynchon announces Shadow Ticket, his first novel in more than a decade”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: A crime, especially an elaborate heist, or a narrative about such a crime.
Derived terms: caper-cutting
caper cutting
caper merchant
capersome
cut a caper
Related terms: cab
caprine
caper
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkeɪpə/
rhymes: -eɪpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: capers
form: capering
form: capered
form: capered
Etymology: Clipping of capriole.
Senses: examples: text: He capered before them down towards the fortyfoot hole, fluttering his winglike hands, leaping nimbly, Mercury’s hat quivering in the fresh wind that bore back to them his brief birdsweet cries.
ref: 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 1]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To leap or jump about in a sprightly or playful manner.
glosses: To jump as part of a dance.
glosses: To engage in playful behaviour.
Derived terms: caperer
outcaper
caper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkeɪpə/
rhymes: -eɪpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: capers
Etymology: From Dutch kaper.
Senses: glosses: A vessel formerly used by the Dutch; privateer.
caper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkeɪpə/
rhymes: -eɪpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: capers
Etymology: From Latin capparis, from Ancient Greek κάππαρις (kápparis).
Senses: synonyms: caperberry
glosses: The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), which is pickled and eaten.
synonyms: caper bush
caper tree
caperberry
glosses: A plant of the genus Capparis.
Derived terms: bean-caper
caperberry
caper sauce
caper spurge
caper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkeɪpə/
rhymes: -eɪpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: capers
Etymology: Shortening of capercaillie.
Senses: glosses: The capercaillie.
Related terms: north-caper
capitalization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkæpɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: capitalizations
Etymology: From capitalize + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.
ref: 1908 February 19, Jack London, The Iron Heel, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC:
text: And while Brazil's Telebras and South Africa's Anglo American Corp. again rank among the world's top emerging-market groups, their market capitalizations are also down from last year.
ref: 1998 July 13, Kerry Capell et al., “Emerging Markets: The Winners in a Losing Year”, in Businessweek, retrieved 10 Jul 2015:
glosses: American and Oxford British English standard spelling of capitalisation.
Derived terms: autocapitalization
bicapitalization
decapitalization
miscapitalization
overcapitalization
recapitalization
uncapitalization
undercapitalization
capitulation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: capitulations
Etymology: From Middle French capitulation; equivalent to capitulate + -ion. Derived from Proto-Indo-European *káput (“head”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-.
Senses: glosses: A reducing to heads or articles; a formal agreement.
glosses: The act of capitulating or surrendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms; the act of ceasing to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand.
glosses: The instrument containing the terms of an agreement or surrender.
glosses: An enumeration of the main parts of a subject.
Derived terms: capitulationism
capitulationist
noncapitulation
re-capitulation
recapitulation
Related terms: capital
capitalism
capitulate
captain
chapiter
chapter
carbonization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: carbonizations
form: carbonisation
Etymology: From carbon + -ization.
Senses: examples: text: The disadvantage of the underfired grill is the potential for flareups, which can cause a burned spot or carbonization. Not only do these taste bad, but they are also carcinogenic.
ref: 2009, Peter Osbaldeston, The Palm Springs Diner's Bible: A Restaurant Guide for Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Indian Wells, la Quinta, Bermuda Dunes, Indio, and Desert Hot Springs, Gretna, La.: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 250:
synonyms: carbonation
glosses: The act or process of carbonizing.
Derived terms: decarbonization
hydrocarbonization
recarbonization
Related terms: carbonification
carburization
charcoalization
castigation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: castigations
Senses: examples: text: He was seasoned wood, and took the world pretty wisely; not reckless of castigation, as some boys become, nor oversensitive as to dehonour, as his friend and comrade beside him was.
ref: 1859, George Meredith, chapter 5, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel:
glosses: Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof
glosses: severe criticism.
glosses: Emendation; correction.
cataphract
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkætəfɹækt/
ipa: /ˈkætəˌfɹækt/
ipa: [ˈkæɾə-]
Forms: form: cataphracts
Etymology: From Latin cataphractes (“suit of armour”), from Ancient Greek κατάφρακτος (katáphraktos, “suit of armour”), from κατα- (kata-, prefix indicating a great degree or intensity) + φρακτός (phraktós, “protected; fenced in”) (from φράσσω (phrássō, “to fortify, secure; to fence in”)) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being).
Senses: examples: text: Those fighting before the standards, around the standards and (otherwise) in the front line were called principes [i.e. the centurions and the other under-officers]. This was the heavy armament, which had helmets, cataphracts, greaves, shields, large swords called spathae, and other smaller swords called semispathia, [...]
ref: 1996, Vegetius [i.e., Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus], “How the Lines of the Legions are Drawn Up”, in N. P. Milner, transl., Vegetius: Epitome of Military Science […] (Translated Texts for Historians; 16), 2nd edition, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, published 2001, →ISBN, book II (The Ancient Legion), page 47:
text: Carmine streaks stained their limbs, their tunics and cataphracts; but little of the blood was theirs. They did not move like people with injuries.
ref: 2013, Stephen R[eeder] Donaldson, “Shamed Choices”, in The Last Dark (The Last Chronicles of Thomas Covenant; book 4), New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 437:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Defensive armour covering the entire body of a soldier and often the soldier's horse as well, especially the linked mail or scale armour of some eastern nations.
topics: biology
ichthyology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: An outer covering of some fish resembling armour or plate.
Derived terms: word: cataphracted
word: cataphractic
cataphract
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkætəfɹækt/
ipa: /ˈkætəˌfɹækt/
ipa: [ˈkæɾə-]
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Ancient Greek κατάφρακτος (katáphraktos, “covered, enclosed, shut up; completely suited in armour”), from καταφράσσειν (kataphrássein, “to suit in armour”) (see further at etymology 1) + -τος (-tos, “suffix forming adjectives”).
The noun is derived from Latin cataphractus (“wearing armour, mailed”), from Ancient Greek κατάφρακτος (katáphraktos, “covered, enclosed, shut up; completely suited in armour”); see above.
Senses: examples: text: And first we must call attention to the fact that two classes of vessels appear to have been employed, distinguished by the name of "Aphract," unfenced, or "Cataphract," fenced, according as the rowers of the upper tier were protected or exposed. Both classes were decked and floored, but the "Aphract" class carried their decks and flooring lower than the "Cataphract," so that in them the rowers of the upper tier were visible above the side of the vessel; [...] [F]rom the time of the invention by the Thasians of this system, all the larger vessels of war used by both Greeks and Romans were Cataphract. In the Cataphract trireme, the space allowed for each oarsman was, according to [B.] Graser, eight square feet per man, and this proportion was observed in the larger vessels up to the octireme.
ref: 1876 April 7, Edmond Warre, “Ancient Naval Tactics. Part I.”, in Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall Yard, volume XX, number LXXXVIII, London: W. Mitchell and Co., […], published 1877, →OCLC, pages 597–598:
text: The ancients either called these ships by their class name (a number plus the -eres root) or by a descriptive term "cataphract" (kataphraktos) which means something like "armored" or "fenced" in the sense of having reinforced decks and sides to protect the oarcrew from missiles and deck-fighting. Because "The Age of Titans" involved galleys whose signature feature was their larger than normal size, and because cataphract galleys could comprise small ships that were protected by extra planking, I frequently employ another term to describe these ships, namely, "big" or "large," from the Greek megala skaphe and its variants megalai nees (big ships) and megista skaphe (biggest ships).
ref: 2012, William M. Murray, “Introduction: Understanding the Big Ship Phenomenon”, in The Age of Titans: The Rise and Fall of the Great Hellenistic Navies (Onassis Series in Hellenic Culture), Oxford, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN:
topics: nautical
transport
antonyms: aphract
glosses: Of a galley such as a trireme: with the upper tier of rowers shielded rather than exposed.
cater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪtə/
ipa: /ˈkeɪɾɚ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkeʈə(ɾ)/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkaʈə(ɾ)/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
rhymes: (Indic, also) -ætə(ɹ)
Forms: form: caters
form: catour
form: cator
form: kater
form: chator
Etymology: From Middle English catour (“acater, provisioner”), aphetic form of acatour (“acater”), from Old French acater (“to buy, to purchase”). Equivalent to cate + -er.
Senses: examples: text: I am oure Catour and bere oure Alther purse.
ref: c. 1400, Gamelyn, ll. 321 ff.:
text: Rec. for iij calvys off þe cater of Crystis Cherche.
ref: 1512, Account Book of the Hospital of St. John, Canterbury (1510–1556):
glosses: Synonym of acater: an officer who purchased cates (food supplies) for the steward of a large household or estate.
synonyms: word: acater
extra: an officer who purchased cates (food supplies) for the steward of a large household or estate
examples: text: Of his diete catour was scarsite...
ref: c. 1430, John Lydgate translating Giovanni Boccaccio, The Fall of Princes, Bk. VII, Ch. x, l. 161:
glosses: Synonym of caterer: any provider of food.
synonyms: word: caterer
extra: any provider of food
examples: text: The eye is loues Cator.
ref: 1590, Robert Greene, Greenes Mourning Garment, page 28:
glosses: Synonym of purveyor: any provider of anything.
synonyms: word: purveyor
extra: any provider of anything
cater
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪtə/
ipa: /ˈkeɪɾɚ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkeʈə(ɾ)/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkaʈə(ɾ)/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
rhymes: (Indic, also) -ætə(ɹ)
Forms: form: caters
form: catering
form: catered
form: catered
Etymology: Probably ultimately from French quatre (“four”), possibly via cater (“change-ringing”), although Liberman argues for a derivation from a North Germanic prefix meaning "crooked, angled, clumsy" from which he also derives cater-cousin and, via Norse, Old Irish cittach (“left-handed, awkward”). He finds this more likely than extension of the dice and change-ringing term cater as an adverb, given the likely cognates in other Germanic languages. Caterpillar and caterwaul are unrelated, being derived from cognates to cat, but may have influenced the pronunciation of Liberman's proposed earlier *cate- or undergone similar sound changes.
Senses: examples: text: The trees are set checkerwise, and so catred [Latin: partim in quincuncem directis], as looke which way ye wyl, they lye leuel.
ref: 1577, Barnaby Googe transl. Conrad Heresbach, Foure Bookes of Husbandry, Bk. II, fol. 69v:
text: ‘Cater’ across the rails ever so cleverly, you cannot escape jolt and jar.
ref: 1873, Silverland, page 129:
glosses: To place, set, move, or cut diagonally or rhomboidally.
cater
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪtə/
ipa: /ˈkeɪɾɚ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkeʈə(ɾ)/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkaʈə(ɾ)/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
rhymes: (Indic, also) -ætə(ɹ)
Etymology: Probably ultimately from French quatre (“four”), possibly via cater (“change-ringing”), although Liberman argues for a derivation from a North Germanic prefix meaning "crooked, angled, clumsy" from which he also derives cater-cousin and, via Norse, Old Irish cittach (“left-handed, awkward”). He finds this more likely than extension of the dice and change-ringing term cater as an adverb, given the likely cognates in other Germanic languages. Caterpillar and caterwaul are unrelated, being derived from cognates to cat, but may have influenced the pronunciation of Liberman's proposed earlier *cate- or undergone similar sound changes.
Senses: examples: text: Cater and Cater-cornered, diagonal; diagonally. To ‘cut cater’ in the case of velvet, cloth, etc., is... ‘cut on the cross’. Cater-snozzle, to make an angle; to ‘mitre’.
ref: 1881, Sebastian Evans, Leicestershire Words, Phrases, and Proverbs, s.v. "Cater and Cater-cornered":
glosses: Diagonally.
Derived terms: cater-corner
catercross
cater-snozzle
caterways
caterwise
cut cater
cater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪtə/
ipa: /ˈkeɪɾɚ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkeʈə(ɾ)/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkaʈə(ɾ)/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
rhymes: (Indic, also) -ætə(ɹ)
ipa: /ˈkeɪtə/
ipa: /ˈkatə/
ipa: /ˈkeɪtəɹ/
ipa: /ˈkeɪtə/
ipa: /ˈkeɪɾɚ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkeʈə(ɾ)/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkaʈə(ɾ)/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
rhymes: (Indic, also) -ætə(ɹ)
Forms: form: caters
form: catre
form: quatre
Etymology: From French quatre (“four”). Doublet of cuatro.
Senses: examples: text: The auditour... cometh in with sise sould, and cater denere, for vi.s. and iiii.d.
ref: 1553, Thomas Wilson, The Arte of Rhetorique..., page 86:
glosses: Four.
examples: text: Cater is a very good caste.
ref: 1519, William Horman, Vulgaria, fol. 280v:
topics: card-games
dice
games
glosses: The four of cards or dice.
examples: text: The very terms of the art are enough to frighten an amateur. Hunting, dodging... caters, cinques, etc.
ref: 1872, Henry Thomas Ellacombe, The Bells of Church, page 29:
text: Cater... The name given by change ringers to changes of nine bells. The word should probably be written quaters, as it is meant to denote the fact that four couples of bells change their places in the order of ringing.
ref: 1878, George Grove, A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, s.v. "Cater":
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A method of ringing nine bells in four pairs with a ninth tenor bell.
Coordinate terms: ace
deuce
trey
cinque
sice
Derived terms: cater-point
cater-trey
catheterization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: catheterizations
form: catheterisation
Etymology: From catheter + -ization.
Senses: examples: text: Since the development of fiber optics, treatments utilizing catheterization have replaced some former surgical procedures.
glosses: The procedure of introducing a catheter.
Derived terms: autocatheterization
decatheterization
microcatheterization
post-catheterization
precatheterization
pre-catheterization
recatheterization
self-catheterization
Related terms: cath
catheter
catheterize
causation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kôz
ipa: /kɔːˈzeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: [kʰoːˈz̥eɪ.ʃən]
ipa: /kɔˈzeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: [kʰɒːˈz̥eɪ.ʃən]
ipa: /kɑˈzeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: causations
Etymology: From cause + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The act of causing.
examples: text: Aristotle's views led him to try to describe the kind of causation by which vision is produced, instead of the laws by which it is exercised; and the attempt consisted, as in other subjects, of indistinct principles, and ill-combined facts.
ref: 1837, William Whewell, “Earliest Stages of Optics”, in History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Times. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, →OCLC, book II (History of the Physical Sciences in Ancient Greece), page 100:
glosses: The act or agency by which an effect is produced.
synonyms: causality
glosses: Cause and effect, considered as a system.
Derived terms: causational
causationism
causationist
noncausation
reverse causation
Related terms: ætiology
aetiology
etiology
cauterization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɔːtəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: cauterizations
form: cauterisation
Etymology: From cauterize + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The act of searing organic tissue by the application of a cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.
Derived terms: cryocauterization
electrocauterization
galvanocauterization
recauterization
caution
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kôshn
ipa: /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
enpr: kôshn
ipa: /ˈkɔʃ(ə)n/
enpr: käshn
ipa: /ˈkɑʃ(ə)n/
rhymes: -ɔːʃən
Forms: form: cautions
Etymology: Recorded since 1297 as Middle English caucioun (“bail, guarantee, pledge”), from Old French caution (“security, surety”), itself from Latin cautiō, from cautus, past participle of caveō, cavēre (“be on one's guard”).
Senses: examples: text: take caution
text: have caution
text: exercise great caution
text: utmost caution is required when travelling in this dangerous neighbourhood
text: act with caution
text: proceed without due caution
text: In way of caution I must tell you.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
text: [...] and on the Saturday heavy seas pounded the W.R. on its exposed coastal stretch between Dawlish and Teignmouth, loosening the ballast and forcing trains to proceed with extreme caution.
ref: 1960 December, “Talking of Trains: The railways and the Devon floods”, in Trains Illustrated, page 709:
glosses: Prudence when faced with, or when expecting to face, danger; care taken in order to avoid risk or harm.
examples: text: The guideline expressed caution against excessive radiographic imaging.
glosses: A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided.
examples: text: The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient caution that the war should be vigorously prosecuted.
ref: (Can we date this quote?), Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, (please specify |book=I to XVI), in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641, Oxford: The Theater:
glosses: Security; guaranty; bail.
examples: text: Oh, that boy, he's a caution! He does make me laugh.
text: ‘You are a caution,’ she said, when she came out. ‘I don't understand you.’
ref: 1915, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 58, in Of Human Bondage:
glosses: One who draws attention or causes astonishment by their behaviour.
topics: law
glosses: A formal warning given as an alternative to prosecution in minor cases.
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: A yellow card.
Synonyms: word: caution
word: cautiousness
word: caginess
word: care
word: carefulness
word: circumspection
word: heed
word: heedfulness
word: prudence
word: reckfulness
word: wariness
Hyponyms: precaution
Derived terms: abundance of caution
cast caution to the wind
cautionary
caution fatigue
caution money
caution to snakes
cautious
competition caution
err on the side of caution
hypercaution
incaution
interview under caution
precaution
throw caution to the wind
toss caution to the wind
Related terms: word: caveat
word: cautious
word: cautiously
word: heads up
word: timid
word: timidity
word: timidly
caution
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kôshn
ipa: /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
enpr: kôshn
ipa: /ˈkɔʃ(ə)n/
enpr: käshn
ipa: /ˈkɑʃ(ə)n/
rhymes: -ɔːʃən
Forms: form: cautions
form: cautioning
form: cautioned
form: cautioned
Etymology: Recorded since 1297 as Middle English caucioun (“bail, guarantee, pledge”), from Old French caution (“security, surety”), itself from Latin cautiō, from cautus, past participle of caveō, cavēre (“be on one's guard”).
Senses: examples: text: In its May 1965 issue, Life magazine condemned skateboards as a “menace to limb and even to life,” and cautioned readers about riders who “take over the paths made for peaceful strollers.”
ref: 2018 July 13, Jaime Marie Davis, “How photographers have captured skateboarding through generations”, in CNN:
glosses: To warn; to alert, advise that caution is warranted.
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: To give a yellow card
Derived terms: cautioner
overcaution
cavalier
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: more cavalier
form: most cavalier
Etymology: First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier.
Senses: examples: text: But, on the following day, no sign of Poirot. I was getting angry. He was really treating us in the most cavalier fashion.
ref: 1920, Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, London: Pan Books, published 1954, page 144:
text: Such a cavalier attitude might seem to suggest that doctors consider the uterus as dispensable an organ as, say, an appendix—and some feminists have accused the medical profession of just such callousness […]
ref: 2012, Barbara Seaman, Laura Eldridge, Voices of the Women's Health Movement (volume 1):
text: For another example, see Palumbo, Rudd, and Whelan (2006), who found that several empirical consumption papers from the 1980s and 1990s took a cavalier approach to deflation and measurement that unfortunately affected their results.
ref: 2024, Jeremy B. Rudd, A Practical Guide to Macroeconomics, page 60:
glosses: Lacking the proper care or concern for something important, reckless, rash, high-handed.
glosses: High-spirited.
synonyms: haughty
disdainful
curt
brusque
glosses: Supercilious.
examples: text: Leporello (a surname that proved the antechamber not to be wholly illiterate), far from resembling Don Juan’s trembling valet, was a handsome young man, with an animated face, nimble in gait, and of cavalier manners; wearing elegantly enough the clothes which had, doubtless, appertained to his master; and evidently quite the pet of the ladies present, and paying assiduous court to Mademoiselle Astarté, the queen of the party.
ref: 1846, Marie Joseph Eugène Sue, Martin the foundling; or, The memoirs of a valet de chambre, Harper, page 323:
antonyms: stiff
glosses: Free and easy; unconcerned with formalities
glosses: Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles I of England (1600–1649).
Derived terms: beaglier
Cavachon
cavalierish
cavalierism
cavalierly
cavalierness
cavaliership
Cavoodle
klavalier
uncavalier
cavalier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: cavaliers
Etymology: First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier.
Senses: synonyms: chevalier
hypernyms: horseman
coordinate_terms: cavalryman
glosses: A military man serving on horse, (chiefly) early modern cavalry officers who had abandoned the heavy armor of medieval knights.
glosses: A gallant: a sprightly young dashing military man.
glosses: A gentleman of the class of such officers, particularly
glosses: A gentleman of the class of such officers
A courtesan or noble under Charles I of England, particularly a royalist partisan during the English Civil War which ended his reign.
antonyms: Roundhead
examples: text: The roundheads in the school showers easily equalled the cavaliers.
ref: 1992, John Hoyland, Fathers and Sons, page 94:
text: Since penile preference is so tied up with personal aesthetics and body image, it seems both logical and fair to leave the choice of cavalier or roundhead to the owner of the organ, thus avoiding the sort of life-long pain expressed in a comment like this:[…]
ref: 2008, “Objections of a sentimental character: The subjective dimension of foreskin loss”, in Matatu, number 37, →OCLC, page 158:
text: I knew about the English Civil War, Cavaliers (wrong but romantic) versus Roundheads (right but repulsive), but I didn't think that was what he was talking about. I shook my head. “It means our willies aren't circumcised,” he explained. "Are you a cavalier or a roundhead?”
ref: 2013, Ellen Datlow, Hauntings, →ISBN, page 155:
antonyms: roundhead
glosses: Someone with an uncircumcised penis.
topics: architecture
glosses: A defensive work rising from a bastion, etc., and overlooking the surrounding area.
Related terms: caballero
cavalier
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: cavaliers
form: cavaliering
form: cavaliered
form: cavaliered
Etymology: First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier.
Senses: examples: text: His social and kind nature is inferred from his cavaliering the ladies Percy and Mortimer, and introducing them, before their husbands depart for the war.
ref: 1863, Charles Cowden Clarke, Shakespeare-characters; Chiefly Those Subordinate, page 427:
text: "I thought," Graeme burred at him, transfixing him with shrewd eyes, "that you were cavaliering the Italian girl, Beatrice Cenci or Vittoria Colonna or whatever her name is?"
ref: 1916, Good Housekeeping, volume 64, page 113:
glosses: Of a man: to act in a gallant and dashing manner toward (women).
celebration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɛlɪˈbɹeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌsɛləˈbɹeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌsɛlˈbɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: celebrations
Etymology: From Old French celebration, from Latin celebratio. Equivalent to celebrate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: We will attend the Christmas celebration in church.
glosses: The formal performance of a solemn rite, such as Christian sacrament.
glosses: The observance of a holiday or feast day, as by solemnities.
examples: text: She jumped in the air in celebration.
glosses: The act, process of showing appreciation, gratitude and/or remembrance, notably as a social event.
examples: text: We are having a celebration at McDonald's for my dad's new job.
text: We're having a little celebration tomorrow for Martin's scholarship.
glosses: A social gathering for entertainment and fun; a party.
Synonyms: word: celebration
word: entertainment
word: feast
word: festival
word: festivity
word: function
word: gathering
Hyponyms: word: dance
word: party
Meronyms: word: conversation
word: cheers
word: dancing
word: drinking
word: eating
word: socialising
word: speech
Derived terms: celebrappeal
celebrational
celebrationary
celebrationless
celebration of life
concelebration
goal celebration
noncelebration
precelebration
recelebration
uncelebration
Related terms: celebrant
celebrate
celebrator
celebrity
censure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛn.ʃə/
ipa: /ˈsɛns.jʊə/
ipa: /ˈsɛn.ʃ(j)ʊə/
ipa: /ˈsɛn.ʃɚ/
ipa: /ˈsen.ʃə/
Forms: form: censures
Etymology: From 1350–1400 Middle English censure, from Old French, from Latin censūra (“censor's office or assessment”), from censēre (“to consider, to assess, to value, to judge, to tax, etc.”).
Senses: examples: text: Censure, which arraigns the public actions and the private motives of princes, has ascribed to envy, a conduct which might be attributed to the prudence and moderation of Hadrian.
ref: 1776, Edward Gibbon, chapter I, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:
text: Both the censure and the praise were merited.
ref: 1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Samuel Johnson”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:
glosses: The act of blaming, criticizing, or condemning as wrong; reprehension.
examples: text: After his actions were challenged by foreign governments and Parliament initially tried to put a stop to his action, Denman returned home and argued his case with enough force that, by 1848, the Royal Navy was handed active permission and encouragement to raze every last slave factory they could find to the ground, and full authority to stop any ship, of any flag, that was thought to be a slaver, with a guarantee with^([sic]) no censure from the government.
ref: 2018 December 1, Drachinifel, 9:45 from the start, in Anti-Slavery Patrols - The West Africa Squadron, archived from the original on 29 Nov 2024:
glosses: Official reprimand.
examples: text: He that hath past / So many Cenſures is novv come at laſt / To haue your princely Eares, grace you him; […]
ref: c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], “The Prologue Spoken at Court”, in Tho[mas] Heywood, editor, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, , signature [A4], recto:
text: [E]xcommunication […] being the chief ecclesiastical censure
ref: 1679–1715, Gilbert Burnet, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England., London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […]:
glosses: A judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory judgment.
examples: text: Take each man's cenſure, but reſerve thy judgment.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: A judgment (either favorable or unfavorable); an opinion.
censure
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛn.ʃə/
ipa: /ˈsɛns.jʊə/
ipa: /ˈsɛn.ʃ(j)ʊə/
ipa: /ˈsɛn.ʃɚ/
ipa: /ˈsen.ʃə/
Forms: form: censures
form: censuring
form: censured
form: censured
Etymology: From 1350–1400 Middle English censure, from Old French, from Latin censūra (“censor's office or assessment”), from censēre (“to consider, to assess, to value, to judge, to tax, etc.”).
Senses: examples: text: I may be censured that nature thus gives way to loyalty.
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:
text: The Woodwalton signalman, Rose, who was severely censured in Captain Tyler's report, behaved with great negligence.
ref: 1946 January and February, T. S. Lascelles, “A Series of False Signals”, in Railway Magazine, page 43:
text: Cultural norms and social rules regulate whether someone can be among others or will be isolated, whether the sick will be considered foul or acceptable, and whether they are to be pitied or censured.
ref: 1982 March 18, Eric J. Cassel[l], “The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 306, number 11, →DOI, page 642:
glosses: To criticize harshly.
examples: text: The US House of Representatives on Wednesday voted to censure Rep. Adam Schiff, a key lawmaker in Democrats’ congressional investigations into former President Donald Trump during his presidency.
ref: 2023 June 21, Haley Talbot and Kristin Wilson, “House votes to censure Democratic congressman who led Trump investigations”, in CNN:
glosses: To formally rebuke.
examples: text: Should I say more, you might well censure me a flatterer.
ref: 1625, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The Elder Brother. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii:
glosses: To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.
Derived terms: censurability
censurable
censureless
censureship
censurious
miscensure
recensure
uncensuring
Related terms: censor
censorial
censorious
censorship
census
centralization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɛntɹəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌsɛntɹəlˌaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: centralizations
form: centralisation
Etymology: From French centralisation.
Senses: examples: text: the centralization of power in the general government
text: the centralization of commerce in a city
glosses: The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole
Derived terms: anticentralization
decentralization
democratic centralization
overcentralization
recentralization
centrepiece
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: centrepieces
form: centerpiece
form: centre-piece
Etymology: From centre + piece.
Senses: glosses: An ornament to be placed in the centre, as of a table, ceiling, etc.
examples: text: Below is the deep abyss of the Lauterbrunnen valley, and at its head a stately semi-circle of mountains, with the pyramidal Lauterbrunnen Breithorn as the centre-piece.
ref: 1960 December, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 752:
text: A small bottle of sparkling Rhineland wine was the centrepiece; beside it was a large marzipan pastry topped with strawberries.
ref: 1987, Christina Hardyment, “Picking up Gold and Silver”, in Heidi’s Alp: One Family’s Search for Storybook Europe, Book Club edition, New York, N.Y.: The Atlantic Monthly Press, →OCLC, page 100:
text: Bridge SAC66 has its place in railway history as the centrepiece of the battle to save the Settle-Carlisle Line from closure in the 1980s.
For SAC66 is better known as Batty Moss (or Ribblehead) Viaduct - the magnificent, Grade 2-listed, 24-arch structure that strides over the pockmarked ground between Ribblehead station and Blea Moor signal box.
ref: 2020 May 20, Philip Haigh, “Ribblehead: at the heart of the S&C's survival and its revival”, in Rail, page 26:
glosses: A central article or figure.
certification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌsɝtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: [ˌsɝɾɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]
ipa: /ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkæɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: certifications
Senses: glosses: The act of certifying.
glosses: The granting of a certificate.
examples: text: You do not possess the certifications required for this post.
synonyms: homologation
glosses: A professional qualification that certifies a person's ability.
Hyponyms: organic certification
product certification
professional certification
self-certification
Derived terms: certification engineer
decertification
noncertification
post-certification
precertification
recertification
cessation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɛˈseɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: cessations
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French cessation, itself a borrowing from Latin cessātiō. By surface analysis, cease + -ation. Compare cession < cede.
Senses: examples: text: it might be advisable to permit the temporary cessation of the papal inquisition
ref: 1856, John Lothrop Motley, The Rise of the Dutch Republic. A History. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
text: The day […]was […]yearly observ'd for a festival Day by cessation from Labour.
ref: 1630, John Hayward, The Life and Raigne of King Edward VI:
text: With the cessation of hostilities, the military traffic declined considerably, although at least two years will be required to remove the many thousands of tons of explosives still stored at the depot.
ref: 1947 January and February, “Wartime Traffic at Tanfield, L.N.E.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 47:
glosses: A ceasing or discontinuance, for example of an action, whether temporary or final.
Synonyms: sense: temporary
word: hiatus
word: moratorium
word: recess
word: pause
sense: final
word: close
word: endpoint
word: terminus
word: finish
Derived terms: cessationism
cessationist
postcessation
Related terms: cession
chafe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃeɪf/
rhymes: -eɪf
Forms: form: chafes
Etymology: From Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron.
Senses: glosses: Heat excited by friction.
glosses: Injury or wear caused by friction.
examples: text: Like a wylde Bull, that, being at a bay, / Is bayted of a mastiffe and a hound / […] That in his chauffe he digs the trampled ground / And threats his horns […]
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: When we returned we found the poor prisoner in a terrible chafe with the sentinel for detaining him, for the guard had been true to his trust.
ref: 1830, Joseph Plumb Martin, The Adventures Of A Revolutionary Soldier:
glosses: Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.
Derived terms: chafen
chafe
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃeɪf/
rhymes: -eɪf
Forms: form: chafes
form: chafing
form: chafed
form: chafed
Etymology: From Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron.
Senses: glosses: To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm.
glosses: To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate.
examples: text: to chafe a cable
glosses: To fret and wear by rubbing.
examples: text: the troubled Tiber chafing with her shores
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
text: [Gitche Manito] Breathed upon the neighbouring forest, / Made its great boughs chafe together, / Till in flame they burst and kindled; […]
ref: 1855 November 10, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Peace-pipe”, in The Song of Hiawatha, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 12:
glosses: To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.
examples: text: A cable chafes.
glosses: To be worn by rubbing.
examples: text: He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter.
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:
text: Many local politicians chafed under the restrictions of Guided Democracy[…]
ref: 1996, Jim Schiller, Developing Jepara in New Order Indonesia, page 58:
text: As Meta has spent billions to bring in A.I. talent, some members of the old guard have chafed at the new hires, three people with knowledge of the matter said.
ref: 2025 August 19, Mike Isaac, Eli Tan, “Zuckerberg Again Overhauls Meta’s A.I. Efforts”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
glosses: To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated.
Derived terms: antichafe
chafage
chafe at the bit
chafer
chafesome
chafeweed
chafing dish
chafing gear