cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
shiitake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃiːˈtɑːkeɪ/
ipa: /ʃɪˈtɑːkeɪ/
ipa: /ʃɪˈtɑkeɪ/
ipa: /ʃɪˈtɑki/
rhymes: -ɑːki
Forms: form: shiitake
form: shiitakes
form: shitake
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 椎茸 (shītake), from 椎 (shī, “shii or chinquapin tree”) + 茸 (take, “mushroom”), from the way the mushrooms tend to grow on chinquapin logs. First cited in English in 1877.
Senses: examples: text: Some fun meatless recipes include jackfruit sandwiches in place of pulled pork; black bean meatless balls or eggplant and shiitake “meatballs.”
ref: 2020 May 19, Lisa Drayer, “How to eat less meat and more plants”, in CNN:
text: Tea bag-style dashi kits are a better quick choice. They pack katsuobushi, kombu and often other ingredients, like dried baby sardines (niboshi) and shiitake mushrooms, into a steepable bag.
ref: 2022 October 19, J. Kenji López-Alt, “What Kenji López-Alt Makes His Family for Dinner”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 25 Oct 2022:
glosses: A wide, brown variety of edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes.
Synonyms: word: Chinese mushroom
director
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/
ipa: /daɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/
ipa: /daɪ̯əˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/
ipa: /dɪˈɹɛktɚ/
ipa: /daɪˈɹɛktɚ/
rhymes: -ɛktə(ɹ)
Forms: form: directors
form: directour
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French directeur and its source Late Latin dīrēctor, dīrēctōrem, from Latin dīrēctus. By surface analysis, direct + -or.
Senses: examples: text: Francis Gurry is director of WIPO.
ref: 2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 07 Feb 2019:
text: The easiest way for Neera Tanden to win confirmation as Joe Biden’s budget director is for Democrats to take the Senate in January.
ref: 2020 November 30, Burgess Everett, Caitlin Emma, Theodoric Meyer, “Joe Biden's 'radioactive' nominee”, in POLITICO, archived from the original on 02 Dec 2020:
glosses: One who directs; the person in charge of managing a department or directorate (e.g., director of engineering), project, or production (as in a show or film, e.g., film director).
examples: text: [...] the confusion between directors who know nothing and managers who know everything [...].
text: Being named to a board of a directors at an established company may seem out of reach — especially if you’re under 50. Or a woman. Or a minority. Or you haven’t made it to the C-suite (yet). […] Last year, S&P 500 boards named 428 new directors, according to Spencer Stuart’s Board Index. Of them, 40% were women, 17% were under 50, and only a third were active or retired CEOs.
ref: 2019 March 11, Jeanne Sahadi, “Here’s how to get on a board of directors”, in CNN Business:
glosses: A member of a board of directors.
glosses: A counselor, confessor, or spiritual guide.
examples: text: Installed longer flow director; it now just covers the entire diameter of the 6-in. brine return nozzle, and is 4 in. high […]
ref: 1971, United States. Office of Saline Water, Distillation Digest, volume 3, page 76:
glosses: That which directs or orientates something.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A device that displays graphical information concerning the targets of a weapons system in real time.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The common axis of symmetry of the molecules of a liquid crystal.
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A component of a Yagi–Uda antenna.
Derived terms: art director
co-director
codirector
deputy director
directorate
director circle
director conic
director general
director-general
directorish
directoritis
directorless
directorly
director musices
director of first impressions
director of music
director of photography
directorship
flight director
funeral director
guinea pig director
hand director
managing director
multidirector
nondirector
superdirector
vice-director
vice director
grunger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grungers
Etymology: From grunge + -er.
Senses: glosses: Someone who appreciates grunge culture.
dhamma
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dhammas
Etymology: Transliteration of Pali dhamma. Doublet of dharma and firm.
Senses: topics: Buddhism
lifestyle
religion
glosses: The teachings of Buddha.
dialog
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/
ipa: /ˈdaɪəlɑɡ/
Forms: form: dialogs
Etymology: Variant of dialogue. Equivalent to dia- + -log or di- + -alog.
Senses: examples: text: The purpose of the dialog is not historical accuracy; the argument is all, as it is with Plato's Socrates.
ref: 2008, Peter Kreeft, Between Heaven and Hell: A Dialog Somewhere Beyond Death, InterVarsity Press, →ISBN, page 10:
text: Besides, a video post room's console is smaller than those used for film, and you couldn't squander a dozen or more channels on dialog.
ref: 2008, Jay Rose, chapter 8, in Audio Postproduction for Film and Video (Motion Pictures), Focal Press, →ISBN, page 18-:
text: As we conclude our third annual report on explaining extreme events, the dialog around the value of attribution science is intensifying (Kerr 2013).
ref: 2014, Stephanie C. Herring, Martin P. Hoerling, Thomas C. Peterson, Peter A. Stott, “Explaining Extreme Events”, in American Meteorological Society, archived from the original on 17 Apr 2015:
glosses: Alternative spelling of dialogue.
examples: text: You'll be prompted with the New Project dialog (see Figure 1.11) from which you'll have at least two types of projects from which to choose […]
ref: 2002, Christopher Tacke, Timothy Bassett, Embedded Visual Basic: Windows CE and Pocket PC Mobile Applications:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
related: word: dialogue
glosses: Ellipsis of dialog box.
Derived terms: dialog balloon
dialog box
dialogic
dialogise
dialogism
dialogist
dialogize
dialog tag
dialog window
modal dialog
subdialog
Related terms: dialect
dialectic
dialectical
dialectically
dialogical
dialogically
dialogistic
dialogistically
dialog
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/
ipa: /ˈdaɪəlɑɡ/
Forms: form: dialogs
form: dialoging
form: dialoged
form: dialoged
Etymology: Variant of dialogue. Equivalent to dia- + -log or di- + -alog.
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of dialogue.
maka
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑkə/
rhymes: -ɑːkə
Forms: form: makas
Etymology: From Hawaiian maka. Doublet of mata-mata (“police officer”), from Malay mata-mata (“eyes”).
Senses: examples: text: Getting my makas checked so I can actually SEE! Maybe life will be clear with a new set of "eyes".
text: I felt the warm water, my makas looked into the sky. Thank you for my love of my islands.
text: He may be weak in his makas, his eyes, but he has been blessed by an excess in his mana'o, his mind.
ref: 1989, Newspaper Guild Convention, Proceedings ... Annual Convention, page 177:
text: da rain an da makas yeh, da eyes, da makas dat luk da mowntans an spak da new hi'way runnin tru da vallee da eyes dat see nottin' but one beeg town ...
ref: 2000, Fred Wei-han Ho, Legacy to Liberation, →ISBN:
text: Open your makas, man!
ref: 2007, Victor Rodger, Sons, →ISBN, page 77:
glosses: eye
mahalo
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑˌhɑloʊ/
ipa: /məˈhɑloʊ/
Etymology: From Hawaiian mahalo, from Proto-Eastern Polynesian *masalo.
Senses: glosses: thank you
Derived terms: maholla
makar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmakə/
ipa: /ˈmækɚ/
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -akə
rhymes: (General American) -ækə(ɹ)
Forms: form: makars
Etymology: From Scots makar. Doublet of maker.
Senses: glosses: A poet writing in Scots.
examples: text: Could the role of makar, which at the least involves a creative interrogation of national identity, be filled by a poet who wasn’t a supporter of independence?
ref: 2021 August 23, Libby Brooks, “Scotland’s new makar Kathleen Jamie: ‘Poetry is at the heart of our culture’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
qualifier: modern usage
glosses: The national poet laureate of Scotland.
makar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmakə/
ipa: /ˈmækɚ/
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -akə
rhymes: (General American) -ækə(ɹ)
Forms: form: makars
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of mugger (“type of crocodile”).
skijor
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: skijors
form: skijoring
form: skijored
form: skijored
Etymology: From Norwegian skikjøring, from ski + kjøring (“driving”) (see kjøre (“to drive”)).
Senses: glosses: To cross-country ski behind one or more dogs or horses, or a vehicle.
Related terms: skijoring
skijorer
cross-country
ski
see the forest through the trees
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: sees the forest through the trees
form: seeing the forest through the trees
form: saw the forest through the trees
form: seen the forest through the trees
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of see the forest for the trees.
clothesline
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: klōthz'līn
ipa: /ˈkləʊðzlaɪn/
enpr: klōthz'līn
ipa: /ˈkloʊðzlaɪn/
Forms: form: clotheslines
form: clothes line
Etymology: From clothes + line.
Senses: examples: text: Hang this towel out on the clothesline for me.
synonyms: washing line
coordinate_terms: clotheshorse
glosses: A rope or cord tied up outdoors to hang clothes on so they can dry.
glosses: A structure with multiple cords for the same purpose, such as a Hills hoist.
glosses: The act of knocking a person over by striking his or her upper body or neck with one's arm, as if he or she had run into a low clothesline.
Related terms: clotheshorse
clothes peg
clothesline
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: klōthz'līn
ipa: /ˈkləʊðzlaɪn/
enpr: klōthz'līn
ipa: /ˈkloʊðzlaɪn/
Forms: form: clotheslines
form: clotheslining
form: clotheslined
form: clotheslined
form: clothes line
Etymology: From clothes + line.
Senses: examples: text: The referee called a personal foul, when he clotheslined the running back.
text: One beast jams out its arm, as if to clothesline me, jagged claws poised to take my head off at the neck. I let my feet fall from under me, throwing my legs forward, praying for some momentum, ducking and sliding, a mad limbo to freedom.
ref: 2014, Jonathan Wood, No Hero, Titan Books, →ISBN:
text: "I turned around and the next thing I was taken out by this big guy. I'm not sure if he punched me or clothes-lined me," he said.
ref: 2014 February 21, “Ear-bite actor Clive Mantle was like 'big monster', court told”, in BBC News:
glosses: To knock (a person) over by striking them across the neck or upper body with an outstretched arm, mimicking the motion of running into a low clothesline.
gilt-head bream
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gilt-head breams
Senses: glosses: A fish found in the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coasts of Europe (Sparus aurata).
horse mackerel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: horse mackerels
Senses: glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Alectis indica (Indian threadfish)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Atule (certain scads)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Caranx spp. (certain trevallies)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Carangoides spp. (island jacks)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Gnathanodon speciosus (golden trevally)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Megalaspis cordyla (torpedo scad)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Sarda sarda (Atlantic bonito)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Sarda australis (Australian bonito)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Selar crumenophthalmus (bigeye scad)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Naucrates ductor (pilot fish)
glosses: Any of several large fishes of many species:
Trachurus spp. (jack mackerels).
Derived terms: taxonomic: Trachurus trachurus
word: Atlantic horse mackerel
taxonomic: Trachurus capensis
word: Cape horse mackerel
taxonomic: Trachurus murphyi
word: Chilean horse mackerel
taxonomic: Trachurus declivis
word: greenback horse mackerel
taxonomic: Trachurus mediterraneus
word: Mediterranean horse mackerel
taxonomic: Trachurus novaezelandiae
word: yellowtail horse mackerel
grey mullet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grey mullets
Senses: synonyms: striped mullet
black mullet
bully mullet
common mullet
sea mullet
flathead mullet
glosses: Any of various edible fish, of the family Mugilidae, found worldwide in coastal waters and rivers.
bluefish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bluefishes
form: bluefish
Etymology: From blue + fish.
Senses: glosses: A voracious fish (Pomatomus saltatrix) found in waters of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean.
qualifier: Bermuda
glosses: The puddingwife wrasse (Halichoeres radiatus).
glosses: A New Zealand bluefish (Girella cyanea).
glosses: A sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria).
glosses: An Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus).
glosses: Kyphosus vaigiensis.
Synonyms: sense: Pomatomus saltatrix
word: tailor
sense: Kyphosus vaigiensis
word: golden
sense: Kyphosus vaigiensis
word: brassy
sense: Kyphosus vaigiensis
word: lowfin
sense: Kyphosus vaigiensis
word: blue-bronze chub
sense: Kyphosus vaigiensis
word: yellow chub
sense: Kyphosus vaigiensis
word: lowfin drummer
Derived terms: taxonomic: Halichoeres radiatus
word: Bermuda bluefish
taxonomic: Pomatomus saltatrix
word: Boston bluefish
taxonomic: Scombrops boops
word: Japanese bluefish
taxonomic: Girella cyanea
word: New Zealand bluefish
taxonomic: Pomatomus saltatrix
word: salmon bluefish
Related terms: taxonomic: Pollachius virens
alt: pollock
word: Boston blue
large bonito
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: large bonitos
Senses: glosses: Katsuwonus pelamis, a large tropical fish allied to the tunny.
Synonyms: skipjack tuna
Related terms: bonito
skipjack
tunny
chameleon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kəmē'lēən
enpr: kəmēl'yən
ipa: /kəˈmi.li.ən/
ipa: /kəˈmil.jən/
Forms: form: chameleons
form: chamaeleon
form: chamæleon
Etymology: From Middle English camelion, from Old French cameleon, from Latin chamaeleon, from Ancient Greek χαμαιλέων (khamailéōn), from χαμαί (khamaí, “on the earth, on the ground”) + λέων (léōn, “lion”); ultimately a calque from Akkadian 𒌨𒈤𒊭𒆠 (nēšu ša qaqqari, “chameleon, reptile”, literally “lion of the ground", "predator that crawls upon the ground”). The spelling was re-Latinized in the early 18th century. The physics sense was coined by Justin Khoury and by Amanda Weltman in 2003 in a paper in Physical Review Letters.
Senses: examples: text: Milk of chameleon was recommended as an erotic stimulant by Avicenna.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 59:
text: A contagious neuro-ego-disease. A virus sticking to liars.
We're the self-centered fuel to boost the new strain of fire.
Adapting, shifting, lacking opinion. Our numbers exceeding the billions.
Everly walking among ourselves down the corridor of chameleons.
ref: 1998, “Corridor of Chameleons”, performed by Meshuggah:
glosses: A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.
examples: text: He is a political chameleon, as charming to business leaders he met privately in Aberdeen on Friday night as he has been inspiring to distressed and desperate Labour defectors in Glasgow and beyond.
ref: 2014 September 8, Michael White, “Roll up, roll up! The Amazing Salmond will show a Scotland you won't believe”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: Zelig
glosses: A person with inconstant behavior; one able to quickly adjust to new circumstances.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A hypothetical scalar particle with a non-linear self-interaction, giving it an effective mass that depends on its environment: the presence of other fields.
Derived terms: American chameleon
chameleonic
chameleonize
chameleonlike
chameleon-like
chameleon mineral
chameleon plant
chameleon schema
Elandsberg dwarf chameleon
Fischer's chameleon
Jackson's chameleon
panther chameleon
Smith's dwarf chameleon
chameleon
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: kəmē'lēən
enpr: kəmēl'yən
ipa: /kəˈmi.li.ən/
ipa: /kəˈmil.jən/
Forms: form: chamaeleon
form: chamæleon
Etymology: From Middle English camelion, from Old French cameleon, from Latin chamaeleon, from Ancient Greek χαμαιλέων (khamailéōn), from χαμαί (khamaí, “on the earth, on the ground”) + λέων (léōn, “lion”); ultimately a calque from Akkadian 𒌨𒈤𒊭𒆠 (nēšu ša qaqqari, “chameleon, reptile”, literally “lion of the ground", "predator that crawls upon the ground”). The spelling was re-Latinized in the early 18th century. The physics sense was coined by Justin Khoury and by Amanda Weltman in 2003 in a paper in Physical Review Letters.
Senses: examples: text: The wall was covered with a chameleon paint.
glosses: That changes or modifies its color.
-holic
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Forms: form: -aholic
form: -oholic
Etymology: Rebracketing of alcoholic.
Senses: examples: text: Trump was also a horndog, a braggart, and a social-media-holic—just like voters were.
ref: 2017, David Friend, The Naughty Nineties:
glosses: Denotes addiction to or indulgence in the substance or activity of the stem word.
gorilla
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡəˈɹɪl.ə/
ipa: /ɡɒˈɹɪl.ə/
ipa: /ɡəˈɹɪl.ə/
rhymes: -ɪlə
homophone: guerrilla
Forms: form: gorillas
Etymology: From Ancient Greek Γόριλλαι (Górillai, “Gorillai (a tribe of hairy women)”), described by Hanno the Navigator, a Carthaginian navigator and possible visitor to the area that later became Sierra Leone; the Greek word is likely from Punic, and ultimately from an African language.
Senses: examples: text: In three of these twenty gorillæ 14 ribs are present, and the additional rib in each of them is below. […] The conclusion that the usual place of commencement of the dorsal type in the gorilla is between the 12th and 13th dorsal vertebræ is founded on notes taken of this character in 13 of these gorillæ.
ref: 1893, Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, volume 27, pages 133, 135:
text: “They are wicked people—neither white like you nor black like me, but covered with hair as is Bolgani, the gorilla. Yes, they are very bad people indeed, and Chowambi was glad to get out of their country.”
ref: 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 129:
glosses: The largest of the primates, belonging to the genus Gorilla; an ape native to the forests of central Africa and known for their trait of knuckle-walking.
examples: text: "I'll do the old gorilla the justice to say that he is open-handed with money."
ref: 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:
glosses: A big and brutish man or a thug; a goon or ruffian.
examples: text: The two industry gorillas — IBM and AT&T — will get together to decide who will provide different communications services, Biddle stated.
ref: 1977, Computerworld, volume 11, number 19, page 58:
glosses: A powerful person or organization; a heavyweight or behemoth.
coordinate_terms: monkey
glosses: 1000 pounds sterling or dollar.
Derived terms: 800-pound gorilla
800-pound gorilla in the room
buffarilla
Chicagorilla
eastern gorilla
gorillagram
gorilla in the room
gorillalike
gorilla pimp
gorilla salad
Gorilla Sign Language
gorilla suit
gorilless
gorillian
gorillion
gorilloid
mountain gorilla
sherilla
weregorilla
western gorilla
Related terms: Godzilla
Gorillai
thereof
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ðɛˈɹʌv/
ipa: /ðɛəˈɹɒv/
rhymes: -ɒv
rhymes: -ʌv
Forms: form: therof
Etymology: From Middle English thereof, therof, ther-of, ther of, from Old English þǣrof; equivalent to there + of. Compare Swedish därav.
Senses: examples: text: Hee [Solomon] ouerlaid also the house, the beames, the postes and the wals thereof, and the doores thereof with gold, and graued Cherubims on the walles.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 3:7:
text: I would swallow my pride, I would choke on the rinds / But the lack thereof would leave me empty inside
ref: 1998, Eve 6, “Inside Out”, in Eve 6:
glosses: Of this, that, or it.
glosses: From that circumstance or origin; therefrom, thence.
Derived terms: sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof
Related terms: —
henceafter
henceforth
henceforward
henceforwards
hencefrom
hereabout
hereabouts
hereabove
hereafter
hereafters
hereagainst
hereamong
hereanent
hereat
hereaway
herebefore
hereby
herefor
herefore
hereforth
hereforward
hereforwards
herefrom
herehence
hereinabove
hereinafter
hereinbefore
hereinbelow
hereinelsewhere
hereinsoever
hereinto
hereinunder
heremid
hereof
hereon
hereout
hereover
herethrough
herethroughout
hereto
heretofore
hereunto
hereupon
herewith
herewithal
herewithin
herewithout
hitherto
hitherunto
hitherward
hitherwards
howbeit
however
howso
howsoever
howsomedever
howsomever
thataway
thatwise
thenceafter
thenceforth
thenceforward
thenceforwards
thencefrom
thenceout
thereabout
thereabouts
thereabove
thereacross
thereafter
thereafters
thereagain
thereagainst
therealong
thereamong
thereamongst
thereanent
therearound
thereat
thereaway
therebefore
therebeside
therebetween
therebeyond
thereby
therever
therefor
therefore
thereforth
therefrom
therehence
thereinabove
thereinafter
thereinbefore
thereinbelow
thereinto
thereinunder
theremid
thereon
thereout
thereover
theresoever
therethrough
therethroughout
thereto
theretofore
thereunto
thereup
thereupon
therewith
therewithal
therewithin
therewithout
thisaway
thiswise
thitherinsoever
thitherto
thitherward
thitherwards
whatever
whatso
whatsoever
whatsomedever
whatsomever
whatwise
whenabout
whenabouts
whenas
whenever
whenso
whensoever
whensomever
whenceafter
whencever
whenceforth
whenceforward
whencefrom
whenceward
whencewards
whereabout
whereabouts
whereabove
whereafter
whereafters
whereagainst
wherealong
whereamong
whereamongst
whereanent
wherearound
whereas
whereat
whereaway
wherebefore
wherebeside
wherebetween
wherebeyond
whereby
wherever
wherefor
wherefore
whereforth
wherefrom
wherehence
whereinabove
whereinafter
whereinbefore
whereinbelow
whereinsoever
whereinto
whereinunder
wheremid
whereof
whereon
whereout
whereover
whereso
wheresoever
wheresomever
wherethrough
wherethroughout
whereto
wheretofore
whereunto
whereup
whereupon
wherewith
wherewithal
wherewithin
wherewithout
whitherever
whitherinsoever
whitherso
whitherto
whithertofore
whitherward
whitherwards
whyever
whyfor
whyso
whysoever
1. Scottish2. from Middle English mid3. old dialectal form
Martian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑːʃən/
enpr: märʹshən
ipa: /ˈmɑɹʃən/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)ʃən
Etymology: From Latin Mārtius (“of or relating to the planet Mars”) + -an (adjective-forming suffix). The word is cognate with Middle English marcien, marcyan, mercien (“subject to the influence or power of the planet Mars; relating to the god Mars, that is, warlike”), Middle French martien (“Martian”) (modern French martien), French Martien (“imaginary inhabitant of Mars; any extraterrestrial”), Italian marziano, Latin Mārtiānus (“Martian”), Portuguese marciano, Spanish marciano.
Senses: examples: text: Although impressed by [Catherine Elise] Muller as a person, [Théodore] Flournoy regarded her experiences as a marvel of psychology rather than spiritualism. One of his key findings was that, while Muller's Martian had a consistent 23 letter alphabet, grammar and syntax, it was in fact a twisted variant of French.
ref: 2004 January 8, Mark Pilkington, “Martian spoken here”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 12 Sep 2014:
text: Suvi: Between the Remnant city, Meridian, and however the Scourge fits in... pardon my Martian, but it's all weird as shit.
ref: 2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Tempest:
topics: literature
media
publishing
science-fiction
glosses: A hypothetical language spoken on Mars.
Venusian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɪˈnjuː.ziən/
ipa: /vɪˈnjuː.si.ən/
ipa: /vəˈnuʒən/
ipa: /vəˈnuʃən/
rhymes: -uːʒən
rhymes: -uːʃən
Forms: form: Venusians
form: Venutian
Etymology: From Venus + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: The Venusians, unlike other planetary races, were almost like Earthpeople. There was only one notable difference—they had feathers on their heads instead of hair.
ref: 1953 May, Eando Binder, “Interplanetary Tenements”, in Captain Marvel Adventures, volume 24, number 144, inside front cover:
topics: literature
media
publishing
science-fiction
glosses: An inhabitant of the planet Venus.
Synonyms: Venerian
Cytherean
Venusian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɪˈnjuː.ziən/
ipa: /vɪˈnjuː.si.ən/
ipa: /vəˈnuʒən/
ipa: /vəˈnuʃən/
rhymes: -uːʒən
rhymes: -uːʃən
Forms: form: Venutian
Etymology: From Venus + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: the Venusian landscape
text: The robot craft, the fifth from the Soviet Union to land on Venus, is a module detached from Venera 13. It plunged through the dense, baking-hot carbon dioxide atmosphere and touched down in the foothills of a mountainous region known as Phoebe, just south of the Venusian equator and also below the active volcanic region of Beta. An identical lander, from Venera 14, is expected to reach Venus Friday and probably put down on the plains east of the Phoebe landing site.
ref: 1982 March 2, John Noble Wilford, “FIFTH SOVIET CRAFT LANDS ON VENUS AND IS FIRST TO SAMPLE PLANET'S SOIL”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 24 May 2015, Science:
text: Kruban is a tidally-locked Venusian hothouse, its surface perpetually obscured by clouds of sulfur and carbon dioxides.
ref: 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Kruban:
glosses: Of or relating to the planet Venus.
examples: text: a Venusian invasion
glosses: Of or relating to inhabitants of Venus.
examples: Near-synonym: Aphrodisian
glosses: Pertaining to the Roman goddess Venus.
Synonyms: Venerian
Coordinate terms: Jovian
Lunar
Martian
Mercurian
Neptunian
Plutonian
Saturnian
Terran
Uranian
Venusian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɪˈnjuː.ziən/
ipa: /vɪˈnjuː.si.ən/
ipa: /vəˈnuʒən/
ipa: /vəˈnuʃən/
rhymes: -uːʒən
rhymes: -uːʃən
Forms: form: Venutian
Etymology: From Venus + -ian.
Senses: topics: literature
media
publishing
science-fiction
glosses: A hypothetical language spoken on Venus.
Related terms: Jovian
Martian
Terran
arrears
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹɪə(ɹ)z/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)z
Senses: glosses: plural of arrear
diabolo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈæbələʊ/
Forms: form: diabolos
Etymology: Borrowed from French diabolo, from older diable (literally “devil”), fancifully altered after cognate Italian diavolo and/or their common source, Latin diabolus. First attested in the early 20th century.
The Latin noun is from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos, “devil”), itself derived from the verb διαβάλλω (diabállō, “to slander”, literally “to throw across”). The notion that this literal sense of “throw across” could be applied to the diabolo itself has led some commentators to assume a direct semantic connection, but there is no evidence suggesting that it is anything other than a coincidence.
Senses: glosses: A juggling apparatus consisting of a spool which is whirled and tossed on a string attached to handsticks.
Synonyms: Chinese yo-yo
Derived terms: polyabolo
watertight
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔː.tə.taɪt/
ipa: /ˈwɑː.tɚ.taɪt/
ipa: /ˈwɔː.tɚ.taɪt/
Forms: form: more watertight
form: most watertight
form: water-tight
Etymology: From water + tight. Compare Scots wattirticht (“watertight”), West Frisian wetterticht (“waterproof”), Dutch waterdicht (“waterproof, watertight”), German wasserdicht (“watertight, waterproof”), Danish vandtæt (“watertight”), Swedish vattentät (“watertight, waterproof”).
Senses: glosses: So tightly made that water cannot enter or escape.
examples: text: a watertight contract; a watertight regulation
text: What if England's defence is finally examined to the full by class opposition at the Euros? Can this rearguard be trusted to remain watertight and protect what a high-quality attack can give them?
ref: 2021 March 31, Phil McNulty, “England 2-1 Poland: What shape are Gareth Southgate's side in?”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: So devised or planned as to be impossible to defeat, evade or nullify.
Synonyms: waterfast
waterproof
water-proof
impervious
impermeable
Derived terms: watertight alibi
watertightness
Related terms: airtight
air-tight
coldtight
cold-tight
drafttight
draft-tight
draughttight
draught-tight
driptight
drip-tight
dusttight
dust-tight
gastight
gas-tight
heattight
heat-tight
jointtight
joint-tight
leaktight
leak-tight
lighttight
light-tight
liquidtight
liquid-tight
oiltight
oil-tight
pressuretight
pressure-tight
raintight
rain-tight
sandtight
sand-tight
soiltight
soil-tight
weathertight
weather-tight
hump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hʌmp/
ipa: [hɐmp]
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: humps
Etymology: Probably borrowed from Dutch homp (“hump, lump”) or Middle Low German hump (“heap, hill, stump”), from Old Saxon *hump (“hill, heap, thick piece”), from Proto-Germanic *humpaz (“hip, height”), from Proto-Indo-European *kumb- (“curved”). Compare Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb-, *ḱewb- (unnasalised root), and English hub (a softened variant without nasal?).
Cognate with West Frisian hompe (“lump, chunk”), Icelandic huppur (“flank”), Welsh cwm (“a hollow”), Latin incumbō (“to lie down”), Albanian sumbull (“round button, bud”), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “bowl”), Avestan 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba, “pot”), Sanskrit कुम्ब (kúmba, “thick end of bone”). Replaced, and perhaps influenced by, Old English crump (“crooked, bent”). More at cramp.
Senses: glosses: A mound of earth.
glosses: A speed bump or speed hump.
glosses: A deformity in humans caused by abnormal curvature of the upper spine.
examples: text: Fat, melted down from the hump of the camel, is suggested in an Oriental manual as an aphrodisiac aid.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 54:
synonyms: bulge
glosses: A rounded fleshy mass, such as on a camel or zebu.
glosses: An act of sexual intercourse.
examples: text: She's got the hump with me.
text: Go away! You're giving me the right hump.
glosses: A bad mood.
examples: text: That guy is such a hump!
glosses: A painfully boorish person.
glosses: A wave that forms in front of an operating hovercraft and impedes progress at low speeds.
Synonyms: sense: abnormal deformity of the spine
word: gibbous
sense: abnormal deformity of the spine
word: humpback
sense: abnormal deformity of the spine
word: hunch
sense: abnormal deformity of the spine
word: hunchback
Derived terms: buffalo hump
bust one's hump
Calcutta hump
dowager's hump
get one's hump up
Hampton hump
Hampton's hump
Harrington hump
have one's hump up
hummock
humpable
hump and dump
humpathon
humpback
humpbacked
hump-backed
hump day
hump dumpling
humpee
humpity
humpless
humplike
hump-nosed
hump slug
humpsore
humpy
hump yard
hunk
lowlands hump-nosed pit viper
over the hump
road hump
shrump
speed hump
superhump
hump
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /hʌmp/
ipa: [hɐmp]
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: humps
form: humping
form: humped
form: humped
Etymology: Probably borrowed from Dutch homp (“hump, lump”) or Middle Low German hump (“heap, hill, stump”), from Old Saxon *hump (“hill, heap, thick piece”), from Proto-Germanic *humpaz (“hip, height”), from Proto-Indo-European *kumb- (“curved”). Compare Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb-, *ḱewb- (unnasalised root), and English hub (a softened variant without nasal?).
Cognate with West Frisian hompe (“lump, chunk”), Icelandic huppur (“flank”), Welsh cwm (“a hollow”), Latin incumbō (“to lie down”), Albanian sumbull (“round button, bud”), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “bowl”), Avestan 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba, “pot”), Sanskrit कुम्ब (kúmba, “thick end of bone”). Replaced, and perhaps influenced by, Old English crump (“crooked, bent”). More at cramp.
Senses: examples: text: The cattle were very uncomfortable, standing humped up in the bushes.
ref: 1885, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting Trips of a Ranchman:
glosses: To bend something into a hump.
examples: text: For travellers have to carry bags, / And swagmen have to hump their swags / Like bottle-ohs or ragmen.
ref: 1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, page 14:
glosses: To carry (something), especially with some exertion.
examples: text: Stop humping the table, you sicko.
glosses: To rhythmically thrust the pelvis in a manner conducive to sexual intercourse.
To dry-hump.
glosses: To rhythmically thrust the pelvis in a manner conducive to sexual intercourse.
To have sex (with).
examples: text: Lessons are keeping me humping now, and will probably do so all summer.
ref: 1917, Hart Crane, letter, in Complete Poems & Selected Letters, Library of America 2006
glosses: To exert oneself; to make an effort.
glosses: To vex or annoy.
examples: text: In the first phase of the new yard's operation, from March 6 last, it was wisely decided to restrict the yard's use to allow for any "teething" ailments with complex electronic gadgets, so when I visited Margam early in May it was working well below its capacity, humping about 1,000 wagons a day; [...].
ref: 1960 July, G. Freeman Allen, “Margam yard - the most modern in Europe”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 405, 407:
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: To shunt wagons / freight cars over the hump in a hump yard.
Synonyms: sense: to carry
word: heft
word: shoulder
word: tote
word: carry
sense: to go on foot
word: hike
word: trek
word: walk
sense: to have sex
word: bang
word: bone
word: ride
word: shag
word: copulate
word: copulate with
sense: to vex
word: bother
word: irk
word: rile
word: annoy
Derived terms: dry-hump
hump and dump
hump it
hump someone's brains out
jump hump
monkey humping a football
monkeys humping a football
wall humping
saké
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsækeɪ/
ipa: /ˈsɑːkeɪ/
rhymes: -ækeɪ
rhymes: Rhymes: -ɑːkeɪ
ipa: /ˈsæki/
ipa: /ˈsɑːki/
rhymes: -æki
rhymes: Rhymes: -ɑːki
Forms: form: sakés
form: sake
form: saki
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 酒 (sake, “rice wine”), where the final e is accented to indicate that it is pronounced where it would usually remain silent in other senses of sake, as well as to differentiate it. Likely influenced by French saké.
Senses: qualifier: alcoholic beverages
glosses: Rice wine; a drink made from filtered fermented rice.
Derived terms: sake bomb
sake set
saketini
piranha
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɪˈɹɑːn(j)ə/
ipa: /pɪˈɹɑn(j)ə/
ipa: /pɪˈɹæn(j)ə/
Forms: form: piranhas
form: piranha
form: piraña
form: pirana
form: piraya
Etymology: First attested in 1869. The term entered English either via Portuguese piranha or Spanish piraña, from Old Tupi pirãîa.
Senses: topics: biology
ichthyology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Any of certain freshwater fish of the subfamily Serrasalminae, native to South America; they are characterised by razor-sharp teeth and a reputation of being ferocious predators (despite most species being omnivorous).
Derived terms: piranha etch
piranha solution
piranhic
red-bellied piranha
red piranha
social piranha
debilitate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/
ipa: /dəˈbɪləteɪt/
Forms: form: debilitates
form: debilitating
form: debilitated
form: debilitated
Etymology: From debilitatus, the past passive participle of Latin dēbilitō (“to weaken, debilitate”), from the adjective dēbilis (“weak”), itself from de- + habilis (“able”). Equivalent to Latin dēbilitō + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: The American Dream suffered a debilitating effect after the subprime crisis.
text: Twice, they found themselves behind, seemingly on their way out, and on both occasions they absolutely refused to let their lack of numbers debilitate them.
ref: 2015 March 12, Daniel Taylor, “Chelsea out of Champions League after Thiago Silva sends 10-man PSG through on away goals”, in The Guardian (London):
synonyms: enervate
enfeeble
weaken
glosses: To make feeble; to weaken.
Derived terms: debilitative
Related terms: debile
debility
debilitation
debilitating
enervate
sit up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: sits up
form: sitting up
form: sat up
form: sat up
Etymology: From Middle English upsitten (“to sit up”).
Senses: examples: text: Despite being cancer-ridden, Lorin sat up to greet the visitors.
text: She was awakened by a shock, so sudden and severe that if Dorothy had not been lying on the soft bed she might have been hurt. As it was, the jar made her catch her breath and wonder what had happened; and Toto put his cold little nose into her face and whined dismally. Dorothy sat up and noticed that the house was not moving; nor was it dark, for the bright sunshine came in at the window, flooding the little room. She sprang from her bed and with Toto at her heels ran and opened the door.
ref: 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:
glosses: To assume a sitting position from a position lying down.
examples: text: Sit up straight, mister!
glosses: To sit erect.
examples: text: He sat up when we mentioned the increased pay package.
glosses: To show sudden interest or surprise.
examples: text: And within five minutes of the change United were level. Gabriel Obertan tuned his marker inside out and delivered a cross from the right that hit Hernandez and sat up perfectly for Owen to nod home.
ref: 2011 January 29, Ian Hughes, “Southampton 1 - 2 Man Utd”, in BBC:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To bounce, especially to a comfortable height.
raw_tags: of the ball
examples: text: I sat up all night waiting for her to come home.
glosses: To not go to bed (notionally remaining in a sitting position).
glosses: For a young lady to open her house for several successive nights for any visitors who wish to pay their respects.
Derived terms: sit-up-and-beg
sit up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sit ups
Etymology: From Middle English upsitten (“to sit up”).
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of sit-up.
Related terms: sit down
sit up and take notice
stand up
lie down
stand-up
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more stand-up
form: most stand-up
Etymology: Deverbal from stand up.
Senses: examples: text: He's a stand-up guy, and a hard worker.
glosses: Honest; honorable.
examples: text: stand-up comedy
glosses: Upright; while standing.
examples: text: Every morning we have a stand-up meeting.
glosses: Performed while standing although normally done while sitting.
examples: text: stand-up double; stand-up triple
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: That allows the batter to advance to a given base (usually second or third) without having to slide.
raw_tags: of a hit
Derived terms: stand-up bass
stand-up bassist
stand-up comedy
stand-up guy
stand-up hockey
stand-up meeting
stand-up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stand-ups
Etymology: Deverbal from stand up.
Senses: examples: text: Sometimes the club has music, sometimes stand-up.
glosses: A performance of stand-up comedy; jokes delivered standing on a stage
glosses: A comedian who performs on stage.
examples: text: Reporters covet standups rather than the voiceover narration of news footage because it puts their faces on the air.
ref: 2012, R. M. Reed, M. K. Reed, The Encyclopedia of Television, Cable, and Video, page 508:
glosses: A news broadcast delivered by an announcer who is filmed standing near the scene of the event.
examples: text: How come you weren't at the stand-up this morning?
text: Esther Crawford, a project manager, asked people to join a “standup” meeting at 9:30 p.m. in San Francisco on Thursday as some layoff notices went out.
ref: 2022 November 4, Kate Conger, Ryan Mac, Mike Isaac, “Confusion and Frustration Reign as Elon Musk Cuts Half of Twitter’s Staff”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A short meeting throughout which participants remain standing (to encourage brevity).
glosses: A free-standing photographic print or promotional item; a standee.
Related terms: stand
stand up
quism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɪzəm
Forms: form: quisms
Etymology: Contraction of quasi-isomorphism.
Senses: examples: text: Most authors speak of a quasi-isomorphism or quism, but Bourbaki's term is more descriptive.
ref: 1990, Jan R. Strooker, Homological Questions in Local Algebra, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 5:
text: Then the composition is a quism and therefore is an acceptable Adams-Hilton model for E.
ref: 1992, Kathryn P. Hess, “Twisted tensor products of DGA’s and the Adams-Hilton model for the total space of a fibration”, in Nigel Ray and Spike Walker (editors), Adams Memorial Symposium on Algebraic Topology (proceedings of a July 1990 symposium), Volume I, Cambridge University Press, page 51
text: By [3], the vertical maps are quisms.
ref: 2000, Alex Martsinkofsky, New homological invariants for modules over local rings, II, Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, Vol. 153 No. 1
text: Since ρ₀ is a surjective quism, the Σ-module K is acyclic.
ref: 2002, Martin Markl, Steven Shnider, James Stasheff, Operads in Algebra, Topology and Physics, American Mathematical Society, →ISBN, page 201:
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A quasi-isomorphism.
kanaka
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kanakas
form: kanaka
form: Kanaka
Etymology: 1840. From Hawaiian kanaka (“person”), ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *taŋata.
Senses: examples: text: It was considered one of the nation’s strictest bans because of the reference to Kanakas – native Hawaiians – and because Nevada was the only other state to add Chinese.
ref: 2004 October 29, Peter Wong, “Interracial-marriage ban used in Measure 36 comparisons”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 2A:
text: "Who was the call from?"
"I don't know. Sound like a kanaka though.” When Erin frowned, he added, “A Hawaiian, like me.”
ref: 2010, Mike Farris, Kanaka Blues, Savant Books and Publications, page 21:
glosses: A person of Hawaiian descent.
examples: text: There remains one case to be considered, that of the deportation of the Kanakas who were introduced into Queensland for the purpose of work on the sugar plantations.[…]It was, however, felt in the south that a white Australia was essential, and the Commonwealth passed in 1901 an Act (No. 16) which arranged for the deportation of all Kanakas within a few years.
ref: 1912, Arthur Berriedale Keith, Responsible Government in the Dominions, Volume II, page 1098:
text: The Kanaka at the wheel gave him a glance, but did not speak.
ref: 1921, W. Somerset Maugham, “Red”, in The Trembling of a Leaf: Little Stories of the South Sea Islands, The Floating Press, published 2011, page 47:
text: 1933, Cambridge History of the British Empire, Part I, Volume VII, Cambridge University Press, Reissued 1988, Ernest Scott (editor), Australia, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 313,
So long as the Kanakas remained, white labour in Queensland went into the mills, from which the Kanakas were excluded, rather than into the cane brakes. Slowly, however, the change proceeded. […] The gentleman planter, owning broad estates worked by Kanaka gangs, crushing and refining his own sugar after a fashion in the plantation mill, was by that time obsolescent. Though the small farmers into whose hands the plantations were divided might employ a Kanaka or two, no Kanaka might own land.
glosses: A South Pacific Islander, especially a labourer in Australia or Canada.
Related terms: word: Canaque
word: Canuck
word: Kanak
word: Kanake
Navidad
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Navidads
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish Navidad. The surname is mostly found in the Philippines.
Senses: glosses: A city in Chile.
glosses: A surname from Spanish.
irony
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪə.ɹən.i/
ipa: /ˈaɪ.ɹə.ni/
ipa: /ˈaɪ.ɚ.ni/
Forms: form: ironies
Etymology: First attested in 1502. From Middle French ironie, from Old French, from Latin īrōnīa, from Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía, “irony, pretext”), from εἴρων (eírōn, “one who feigns ignorance”).
Senses: examples: text: Irony, saying what it ne'er intends,
Censures with praise, and speaks to foes as friends.
ref: 1835, L[arret] Langley, “[The Seven Tropes.] Irony.”, in A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric, […], Doncaster, South Yorkshire: […] C. White, […], →OCLC, page 11:
text: A principal virtue of Rorty's recognition of both the lightminded and the serious side of irony is to urge us in that direction.
ref: 1994, David L. Hall, Richard Rorty: Prophet and Poet of the New Pragmatism, →ISBN, page 146:
glosses: The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.
examples: text: It is one of the ironies of capital cities that each acts as a symbol of its nation, and yet few are even remotely representative of it. London has always set itself apart from the rest of Britain — but political, economic and social trends are conspiring to drive that wedge deeper.
ref: 2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 10 Oct 2021, retrieved 28 Sep 2013:
text: The second irony is that the only American who intuitively or otherwise grasps this reality and possesses a large enough ego potentially capable of governing in these circumstances is the president.
ref: 2025 September 8, Harlan Ullman, “Will America survive another 250 years?”, in The Hill:
glosses: The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.
An ironic statement.
glosses: Dramatic irony: a theatrical effect in which the meaning of a situation, or some incongruity in the plot, is understood by the audience, but not by the characters in the play.
glosses: Socratic irony: ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.
glosses: Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected.
Derived terms: cosmic irony
dramatic irony
ironic
ironical
ironist
ironize
ironym
irony mark
postirony
post-irony
Socratic irony
Related terms: ironically
auxesis
meiosis
sarcasm