cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
coward
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kou'əd
ipa: /ˈkaʊəd/
enpr: kou'ərd
ipa: /ˈkaʊɚd/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkawə(ɾ)d/
homophone: covered
homophone: cowered
Forms: form: cowards
Etymology: From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda.
The reference seems to be to an animal "turning tail", or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Displaced native Old English earg (surviving in northern dialect English argh).
Unrelated to cower, which is of Germanic origin.
Senses: examples: text: Cowards dye many times before their deaths, / The valiant neuer taſte of death but once: […]
ref: c. 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act II, scene ii, page 117, column 1:
text: 1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling
He tortured himself to find out how he could make his declaration to her, and always halting between the fear of displeasing her and the shame of being such a coward, he wept with discouragement and desire. Then he took energetic resolutions, wrote letters that he tore up, put it off to times that he again deferred.
glosses: A person who lacks courage.
Synonyms: word: chicken
word: scaredy pants
word: yellowbelly
word: baby
word: big baby
word: bottler
word: caitiff
word: candy-ass
word: candy-arse
word: coistril
word: coward
word: chicken liver
word: chickenshit
word: cocktail
word: cowardy custard
word: craven
word: dog
word: fraidy cat
word: funker
word: gutless wonder
word: invertebrate
word: jessie
word: lizard
word: milquetoast
word: nancy
word: niddering
word: nidering
word: nidget
word: niding
word: nithing
word: piece of crap
word: piece of shit
word: pisspants
word: pullet
word: punk
word: pussy
word: pussyhole
word: quiche-eater
word: quakebreech
word: quakebuttock
word: recreant
word: scaredy cat
word: shithouse
word: sissy
word: slag
word: sluggard
word: snool
word: sook
word: weak sister
word: wheyface
word: yellow belly
word: yellow back
Hypernyms: word: person
Hyponyms: word: cowardly lion
word: dastard
word: poltroon
word: worrier
Derived terms: cowardess
cowardice
cowardish
cowardize
cowardly
cowardness
cowardry
cowardship
cowardy
God hates a coward
Related terms: word: are you a man or a mouse
word: crybaby
word: mama's boy
word: pussy-cat
word: cowardice
word: cowardly
word: fear
word: afraid
word: milksop
word: effeminate man
coward
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: kou'əd
ipa: /ˈkaʊəd/
enpr: kou'ərd
ipa: /ˈkaʊɚd/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkawə(ɾ)d/
homophone: covered
homophone: cowered
Forms: form: more coward
form: most coward
Etymology: From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda.
The reference seems to be to an animal "turning tail", or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Displaced native Old English earg (surviving in northern dialect English argh).
Unrelated to cower, which is of Germanic origin.
Senses: examples: text: It is a coward and servile humour, for a man to disguise and hide himselfe under a maske, and not dare to shew himselfe as he is.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 17, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
text: c. 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act II, Scene 4,
He rais’d the house with loud and coward cries.
text: Invading Fears repel my Coward Joy;
And Ills foreseen the pleasant Bliss destroy.
ref: 1709, Matthew Prior, “Celia to Damon”, in Poems on Several Occasions, 2nd edition, London: Jacob Tonson, page 89:
glosses: Cowardly.
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs.
raw_tags: of a lion
coward
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kou'əd
ipa: /ˈkaʊəd/
enpr: kou'ərd
ipa: /ˈkaʊɚd/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkawə(ɾ)d/
homophone: covered
homophone: cowered
Forms: form: cowards
form: cowarding
form: cowarded
form: cowarded
Etymology: From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda.
The reference seems to be to an animal "turning tail", or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Displaced native Old English earg (surviving in northern dialect English argh).
Unrelated to cower, which is of Germanic origin.
Senses: examples: text: The first he coped with was their captain, whom / His sword sent headless to seek out a tomb. / This cowarded the valour of the rest, […]
ref: 1820, John Chalkhill, Thealma and Clearchus:
glosses: To intimidate.
lodge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɒd͡ʒ/
ipa: /lɑd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɒdʒ
Forms: form: lodges
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?
Proto-Germanic *laubą
Frankish *laub
Proto-Germanic *-jô
Frankish *-jō
Frankish *laubijābor.
Early Medieval Latin laubiader.
Old French logebor.
Middle English logge
English lodge
From Middle English logge, from Old French loge (“arbour, covered walk-way”).
See also Medieval Latin lobia, laubia; also Old High German louba (“porch, gallery”) (German Laube (“bower, arbor”)), Old High German loub (“leaf, foliage”), Old English lēaf (“leaf, foliage”). Doublet of loggia and lobby.
Senses: glosses: A building for recreational use such as a hunting lodge or a summer cabin.
examples: text: [H]e walked across Hawthorn Tree Court on his way to the porter's lodge. […] At the lodge he cleared his pigeon-hole.
ref: 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section I, page 39:
glosses: Ellipsis of porter's lodge: a building or room near the entrance of an estate or building, especially (UK, Canada) as a college mailroom.
glosses: A local chapter of some fraternities, such as freemasons.
glosses: A local chapter of a trade union.
glosses: A rural hotel or resort, an inn.
glosses: A beaver's shelter constructed on a pond or lake.
glosses: A den or cave.
glosses: The chamber of an abbot, prior, or head of a college.
topics: business
mining
glosses: The space at the mouth of a level next to the shaft, widened to permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; called also platt.
examples: text: the Maldives, a famous lodge of islands
ref: 1720, [Daniel Defoe], The Life, Adventures, and Pyracies, of the Famous Captain Singleton, London: […] J[ohn] Brotherton, […], J[ohn] Graves […], A[nne] Dodd, […], and T[homas] Warner, […], →OCLC:
glosses: A collection of objects lodged together.
glosses: An indigenous American home, such as tipi or wigwam. By extension, the people who live in one such home; a household.
examples: text: The tribe consists of about two hundred lodges, that is, of about a thousand individuals.
glosses: An indigenous American home, such as tipi or wigwam. By extension, the people who live in one such home; a household.
A family of Native Americans, or the persons who usually occupy an Indian lodge; as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from four to six persons.
Derived terms: Blue Lodge
Deer Lodge
Flodge
grand lodge
healing lodge
hunting lodge
juggler lodge
lodgeful
lodgehouse
lodgekeeper
lodge pole
lodgepole
medicine lodge
Medicine Lodge
motor lodge
plodge
porter's lodge
Red Lodge
seclusion lodge
ski lodge
sweat lodge
covetous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: kŭv'ət-əs
ipa: /ˈkʌvətəs/
Forms: form: more covetous
form: most covetous
Etymology: From Middle English coveitous, from Anglo-Norman *cuveitus, from Medieval Latin as if *cupiditosus, from Latin cupiditas (“desire”); see covet.
Senses: examples: text: Intimate as she was with Lady Anne, she would not but see how little the Misses Granard had of the ordinary pleasures of their age—but it never entered into her head to add to them—had one of their sweet faces been seen in her box at the opera, it might have attracted that attention she was feverishly covetous of engrossing.
ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, pages 125–126:
glosses: Distastefully keen or desirous, especially for something belonging to someone else; avaricious.
Derived terms: covetously
covetousness
overcovetous
uncovetous
Related terms: covet
critic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/
rhymes: -ɪtɪk
Forms: form: critics
form: critick
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French critique, from Latin criticus, from Ancient Greek κριτικός (kritikós, “of or for judging, able to discern”), from κρίνω (krínō, “I judge”).
Senses: examples: text: Following its publication, the novel received widespread acclaim from literary critics.
text: The opinion of the most skilful critics was, that nothing finer [than Goldsmith's Traveller] had appeared in verse since the fourth book of the Dunciad.
ref: 1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Oliver Goldsmith”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:
glosses: A person who appraises the works of others.
glosses: A specialist in judging works of art.
examples: text: When an author has many beauties consistent with virtue, piety, and truth, let not little critics exalt themselves, and shower down their ill nature.
ref: 1741, I[saac] Watts, The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC:
glosses: One who criticizes; a person who finds fault.
glosses: An opponent.
examples: text: Make each day a Critick on the last.
ref: 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:
glosses: Obsolete form of critique (“an act of criticism”).
examples: text: And, perhaps, if they were distinctly weighed, and duly considered, they would afford us another sort of logic and critic, than what we have been hitherto acquainted with.
ref: 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 21, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book IV, page 550:
glosses: Obsolete form of critique (“the art of criticism”).
Derived terms: anticritic
armchair critic
criticaster
criticess
criticist
criticproof
criticship
criticule
cybercritic
ecocritic
gynocritic
hypercritic
inner critic
noncritic
supercritic
technocritic
Related terms: crisis
criterion
critical
critically
critical mass
criticism
criticize
criticise
critique
critic
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/
rhymes: -ɪtɪk
Forms: form: critics
form: criticking
form: criticked
form: criticked
form: critick
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French critique, from Latin criticus, from Ancient Greek κριτικός (kritikós, “of or for judging, able to discern”), from κρίνω (krínō, “I judge”).
Senses: examples: 1607, Antony Brewer (attributed), Lingua, or the Combat of the Five Senses for Superiority
Nay, if you begin to critic once, we shall never have done.
glosses: To criticise.
crave
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: krāv
ipa: /kɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: craves
form: craving
form: craved
form: craved
Etymology: From Middle English craven, from Old English crafian (“to crave, ask, implore, demand, summon”), from Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, from Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to demand”). Cognate with Danish kræve (“to demand, require”), Swedish kräva (“to crave, demand”), Icelandic krefja (“to demand”), Norwegian kreve (“to demand”).
Senses: examples: text: to crave for peace
text: to crave after wealth
text: to crave drugs
glosses: To desire strongly, so as to satisfy an appetite; to long or yearn for.
examples: text: I humbly crave your indulgence to read this letter until the end.
text: My deeds upon my head! I crave the law,
The penalty and forfeit of my bond.
ref: c. 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, act IV scene i:
text: I crave your honour's pardon.
ref: c. 1603-04, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, act II scene ii:
text: Joseph […] went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 15:43:
glosses: To ask for earnestly; to beg or demand, as from a figure of authority.
examples: text: It is the bright day that brings forth the adder and that craves wary walking
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
glosses: To call for; to require as a course of action.
Derived terms: becrave
craveable
craver
craving
cravingly
cravingness
uncraving
crave
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: krāv
ipa: /kɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: craves
Etymology: From Middle English craven, from Old English crafian (“to crave, ask, implore, demand, summon”), from Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, from Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to demand”). Cognate with Danish kræve (“to demand, require”), Swedish kräva (“to crave, demand”), Icelandic krefja (“to demand”), Norwegian kreve (“to demand”).
Senses: qualifier: Scots law
glosses: A formal application to a court to make a particular order.
crooked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kro͝okt
ipa: /kɹʊkt/
rhymes: -ʊkt
Etymology: From crook, equivalent to crook + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of crook
crooked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: kro͝okt
ipa: /kɹʊkt/
rhymes: -ʊkt
enpr: kro͝ok'ĭd
ipa: /ˈkɹʊkɪd/
rhymes: -ʊkɪd
enpr: kro͝okt
ipa: /kɹʊkt/
rhymes: -ʊkt
Forms: form: more crooked
form: most crooked
Etymology: From Middle English croked, crokid, past participle of croken (“to crook, bend”). Cognate with Danish kroget (“crooked”). More at crook.
Senses: examples: text: We walked up the crooked path to the top of the hill.
glosses: Not straight; having one or more bends or angles.
examples: text: That picture is crooked - could you straighten it up for me?
glosses: Set at an angle; not vertical or square.
examples: text: He was trying to interest me in another one of his crooked deals.
text: During the height of Italian immigration in the United States and in New York City, gangs flourished not only because of poverty but also because of political and social corruption. Policemen and politicians were often as crooked as the gang leaders themselves.
ref: 2004, Peter Bondanella, chapter 4, in Hollywood Italians: Dagos, Palookas, Romeos, Wise Guys, and Sopranos, pages 173–174:
glosses: Dishonest or illegal; corrupt.
examples: text: I wouldn't try to talk to him just now, b'y! He's some crooked today!
glosses: ill-tempered; grumpy; cranky.
Derived terms: crooked as a barrel of fish hooks
crooked as a barrel of snakes
crooked as a dog's hind leg
Crooked Creek
crookedly
crookedness
crooked tune
hell west and crooked
cunning
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʌnɪŋ
ipa: /ˈkʌnɪŋ/
Forms: form: more cunning
form: most cunning
Etymology: From Middle English cunning, kunning, konnyng, alteration of earlier Middle English cunninde, kunnende, cunnand, from Old English cunnende, present participle of cunnan (“to know how to, be able to”), equivalent to con + -ing. Cognate with Scots cunnand (“cunning”), German könnend (“able to do”), Icelandic kunnandi (“cunning”). More at con, can.
Senses: examples: text: They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the hazard of being sincere.
ref: 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
synonyms: word: astute
word: artful
word: cautelous
word: crafty
word: cunning
word: foxlike
word: foxy
word: frood
word: guileful
word: shrewd
word: slim
word: sly
word: subtle
word: tricky
word: vulpine
word: wily
glosses: Sly; crafty; clever in surreptitious behaviour.
examples: text: Esau was a cunning hunter.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:27:
text: a cunning workman
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 38:23:
text: Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white / Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on.
ref: c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:
glosses: Skillful, artful.
examples: text: cunning work
text: Over them Arachne high did lift / Her cunning web.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 29:
glosses: Wrought with, or exhibiting, skill or ingenuity; ingenious.
examples: text: everybody gives something to the cunning little boy; his eyes are large and soft, and he wears a pointed hat, and tight breeches, and jacket
ref: 1857, Barbara H. Channing, The Sisters Abroad, Or, an Italian Journey:
text: “I shan't mind that at all, I like the little house 'cause it's got a garden, and there's a cunning room with a three-cornered closet in it that I always wanted.[…]”
ref: 1869–1870, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, chapter XV, in An Old-Fashioned Girl, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, published 1870, →OCLC:
glosses: Cute, appealing.
Derived terms: cunning folk
cunning linguist
cunning linguistics
cunningly
cunning man
cunningness
cunning woman
overcunning
uncunning
cunning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʌnɪŋ
ipa: /ˈkʌnɪŋ/
Forms: form: cunnings
Etymology: From Middle English cunning, kunnyng, partially from Old English *cunning (verbal noun), from Old English cunnan (“to know how to, be able to”); partially from Old English cunnung (“knowledge, trial, probation, experience, contact, carnal knowledge”), from cunnian (“to search into, try, test, seek for, explore, investigate, experience, have experience of, to make trial of, know”), equivalent to con + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: indeed at this very moment he's slipped away with the utmost cunning into a form that's most perplexing to investigate.
ref: 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 236d:
glosses: Practical knowledge or experience; aptitude in performance; skill, proficiency; dexterity.
examples: text: Caliban: As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer that by his cunning hath cheated me of the island.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
glosses: Practical skill employed in a secret or crafty manner; craft; artifice; skillful deceit; art or magic.
glosses: The disposition to employ one's skill in an artful manner; craftiness; guile; artifice; skill of being cunning, sly, conniving, or deceitful.
examples: text: the cunning of the fox or hare
glosses: The natural wit or instincts of an animal.
glosses: Knowledge; learning; special knowledge (sometimes implying occult or magical knowledge).
Synonyms: word: craftiness
word: foxship
word: list
word: abet
word: art
word: beguilement
word: craft
word: cunning
word: dodge
word: foxiness
word: guile
word: subtlety
word: wile
Hypernyms: word: skill
Hyponyms: word: chicanery
word: duplicity
word: evasion
word: knavery
word: magic
word: ruse
word: subterfuge
word: trickery
Derived terms: wortcunning
Related terms: word: wily
conquest
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒŋkwɛst/
ipa: /ˈkɒŋkwəst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnkwɛst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnkwəst/
ipa: /ˈkɑŋ-/
Forms: form: conquests
Etymology: From Middle English conquest, from Old French conqueste (French conquête).
Senses: examples: text: Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persians
glosses: An act or instance of achieving victory through combat; the subjugation of an enemy.
examples: text: Mankind's conquest of space
text: Three years sufficed for the conquest of the country.
ref: 1843, William H[ickling] Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico, […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Harper and Brothers, […], →OCLC:
text: The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much.
ref: 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 194:
text: Therefore, this dream of the human conquest of selfishness appeared devoid of any strong sense of the necessity of internal struggle to overcome it
ref: 2002, Merle Goldman, Leo Ou-fan Lee, An intellectual history of modern China, →ISBN, page 21:
glosses: An act or instance of gaining control of or mastery over something, overcoming obstacles.
examples: text: Wherefore rejoice? What conquest brings he home?
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
glosses: That which is conquered; possession gained by mental or physical effort, force, or struggle.
examples: text: What we call purchase, perquisitio, the feudists called conquest, conqucestus, or conquisitio
ref: 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:
qualifier: feudal law
glosses: The acquiring of property by other means than by inheritance; acquisition.
examples: text: And, crowning glory of the evening! a conquest was made, a conquest so sudden, so brilliant, and so obvious, that it was enough to give any fête at which it occurred the immortality of a season.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Chapter XVIII. The Fête.”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 134:
glosses: A person whose romantic affections one has gained, or with whom one has had sex, or the act of gaining another's romantic affections.
topics: video-games
glosses: A competitive mode found in first-person shooter games in which competing teams (usually two) attempt to take over predetermined spawn points labeled by flags.
Derived terms: anticonquest
conquest sale
counterconquest
Norman Conquest
postconquest
preconquest
reconquest
war of conquest
conquest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒŋkwɛst/
ipa: /ˈkɒŋkwəst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnkwɛst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnkwəst/
ipa: /ˈkɑŋ-/
Forms: form: conquests
form: conquesting
form: conquested
form: conquested
Etymology: From Middle English conquest, from Old French conqueste (French conquête).
Senses: topics: business
marketing
glosses: To compete with an established competitor by placing advertisements for one's own products adjacent to editorial content relating to the competitor or by using terms and keywords for one's own products that are currently associated with the competitor.
conquest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒŋkwɛst/
ipa: /ˈkɒŋkwəst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnkwɛst/
ipa: /ˈkɑnkwəst/
ipa: /ˈkɑŋ-/
Forms: form: conquests
form: conquesting
form: conquested
form: conquested
Etymology: From Middle English conquesten, from Middle French conquester, from Old French conquester, from Medieval Latin conquestō.
Senses: glosses: To conquer.
Derived terms: reconquest
conceit
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈsiːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: conceits
form: conceiting
form: conceited
form: conceited
form: conceipt
Etymology: From Middle English conceyte, formed from conceyven by analogy with pairs such as (Modern English) deceive~deceit, receive~receipt etc. Doublet of concept and concetto. Akin to Portuguese conceito.
Senses: examples: text: Those whose […] vulgar apprehensions conceit but low of matrimonial purposes.
ref: 1643, John Milton, The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce:
glosses: To form an idea; to think.
examples: ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
text: [T]his Medicine he conceits worse than the Disesase.
ref: c. 1620s, Elizabeth Cary [misattributed to Henry Cary], The History Of the most unfortunate Prince King Edward II. […] , London: A.G. and F. P., published 1680, page 36:
text: That owls and ravens are ominous appearers, and presignifying unlucky events, as Christians yet conceit, was also an augurial conception.
ref: 1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, V.23:
text: The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, are therebly rendered as inactive […] as if they really were so.
ref: 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
glosses: To conceive.
complexion
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəmˈplɛkʃən/
rhymes: -ɛkʃən
Forms: form: complexions
form: complexioning
form: complexioned
form: complexioned
form: complection
Etymology: From Middle English complexion (“temperament”), from Old French complexion (French complexion), from Medieval Latin complexiō (“complexion, constitution”), from complector, past participle complexus (“to entwine, encompass”).
Senses: examples: text: From the pale refinement of her genteel heroine to the sallow complexioning of poor white trash, Stowe colors her narrative with the hues of the body.
ref: 2003, Leland Krauth, Mark Twain & Company: Six Literary Relations, page 118:
glosses: To give a colour to.
chide
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: / t͡ʃaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: chides
form: chiding
form: chid
form: chided
form: chode
form: chid
form: chided
form: chode
form: chidden
Etymology: From Middle English chiden (“to chide, rebuke, disapprove, criticize; complain, grumble, dispute; argue, debate, dispute, quarrel”), from Old English ċīdan (“to chide, reprove, rebuke; blame, contend, strive, quarrel, complain”). Cognate with German kiden (“to sound”); Old High German kīdal (“wedge”).
Senses: examples: text: Valentine: Well, you’ll still be too forward.
Speed: And yet I was last chidden for being too slow.
ref: c. 1594, William Shakespeare, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, act 2, scene 1:
text: Whiles you chid me, I did love;
How then might your prayers move!
ref: c. 1599, William Shakespeare, As You Like It, act 4, scene 3:
text: I know too much: / I finde it, I; for when I ha liſt to ſleepe, / Mary, before your Ladiſhip I grant, / She puts her tongue alittle in her heart, / And chides with thinking.
ref: c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 24:
english: I know, [she talks] too much: / I find that, when I have desire to sleep. / Indeed, before your Ladyship I admit, / She keeps a little quiet, / And '''scolds''' me with her thoughts.
translation: I know, [she talks] too much: / I find that, when I have desire to sleep. / Indeed, before your Ladyship I admit, / She keeps a little quiet, / And '''scolds''' me with her thoughts.
text: Then she had not chidden him for the use of that familiar salutation, nor did she chide him now, though she was promised to another.
ref: 1920, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Thuvia, Maiden of Mars, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008:
glosses: To admonish in blame; to reproach angrily.
examples: text: And Jacob was wroth, and chode with Laban: and Jacob answered and said to Laban, What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after me?
ref: 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Genesis 31:36:
glosses: To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend angrily.
examples: text: Where is he living, clipp’d in with the sea
That chides the banks of England, Scotland, Wales,
Which calls me pupil, or hath read to me?
ref: c. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 1, act 3, scene 1:
text: […] though perils did
Abound, as thick as thought could make ’em, and
Appear in forms more horrid,—yet my duty,
As doth a rock against the chiding flood,
Should the approach of this wild river break,
And stand unshaken yours.
ref: c. 1612, William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, Henry VIII, act 3, scene 2:
glosses: To make a clamorous noise; to chafe.
Derived terms: bechide
chider
chidester
nicker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
homophone: knicker
homophone: nikka (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nicker
Senses: examples: text: This coat cost me 50 nicker.
text: Seems? Well, this seems to be a waste of my time. That is 900 nicker in any shop you're lucky enough to find one in. And you're complaining about 200? What school of finance did you study?
ref: 1998, Guy Ritchie, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (motion picture), spoken by Tom (Jason Flemyng):
glosses: Pound sterling.
Synonyms: sense: pound sterling
word: pound
sense: pound sterling
word: pound sterling
sense: pound sterling
word: quid
sense: pound sterling
word: sov
Derived terms: Alan Whicker
nicker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
homophone: knicker
homophone: nikka (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nickers
Etymology: Imitative; from 1774.
Senses: hypernyms: neigh#Noun
coordinate_terms: word: whinny#Noun
english: sometimes synonymous
translation: sometimes synonymous
glosses: A soft neighing sound characteristic of a horse.
glosses: A snigger or suppressed laugh.
nicker
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
homophone: knicker
homophone: nikka (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nickers
form: nickering
form: nickered
form: nickered
form: nicher
form: nigher
Etymology: Imitative; from 1774.
Senses: examples: text: Behind him, old Akthoob was grumbling loudly, saying something about the midday meal, and Haral, the black Feridoon pony, snuffing in the old, familiar scent of the green meadows of the Chaya's banks, the warm sweet smells of home, was nickering eagerly.
ref: 1971, Lin Carter, The Quest of Kadji, Wildside Press, published 1999, page 187:
text: "Nasrullah's nickerin’, Mr. Arthur. Somethin's wrong."
"Hell, he's nickered before. He nickers all the time!"
Robinson and Snow looked at each other, saying nothing for a moment, and finally Snow told Hancock that Nasrullah never nickered in the paddock.
ref: 1988, William Nack, Secretariat: The Making of a Champion, Da Capo Press, published 2002, page 58:
text: After a few minutes, the mare walked over and nickered loudly in his ear, and he immediately got to his feet and stripped the gear from the waiting horse.
ref: 2012, Jim Campbell, Bobcat, Xlibris, page 21:
hypernyms: neigh#Verb
coordinate_terms: word: whinny#Verb
english: sometimes synonymous
translation: sometimes synonymous
glosses: To make a soft neighing sound characteristic of a horse.
glosses: To produce a snigger or suppressed laugh.
nicker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
homophone: knicker
homophone: nikka (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nickers
Etymology: From nick + -er.
Senses: examples: 1713-1714, John Arbuthnot, Memoirs of Martin Scriblerus
your modern musicians want art to defend their windows from common nickers
glosses: One of the night brawlers of London formerly noted for breaking windows with halfpence.
glosses: The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the hole that is bored.
examples: text: He […] was far more interested in the fact that I was a car thief and an expert driver than that I was a bandit. […] Car nicker, are you?
ref: 1934, Eddie Browne, Road Pirate: The Confessions of a Motor Bandit, page 141:
glosses: Someone who nicks (steals) something, a thief.
nicker
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
homophone: knicker
homophone: nikka (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nickers
form: nickering
form: nickered
form: nickered
Etymology: From nick + -er.
Senses: glosses: To snatch or steal.
nicker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
homophone: knicker
homophone: nikka (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nickers
form: nikker
Etymology: From Middle English niker, from Old English nicor, from Proto-Germanic *nikwis. Cognate with German Nix (“water demon”) and German Nixe (“female water-spirit”); also related to Old Norse nykr (“water demon”) (see there for further descendants). Doublet of nix.
Senses: examples: text: And in another tale, told at Kemnitz of the Nicker, as he is there called, when he asks the midwife how much he owes her, she answers that she will take no more from him than from other people.
ref: 1891, Edwin Sidney Hartland, The Science of Fairy Tales, page 48:
glosses: A type of mythological sea creature or sea monster; also, a water sprite; a nix or nixie; a mermaid or merman.
glosses: Hippopotamus.
nicker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
homophone: knicker
homophone: nikka (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nickers
Etymology: Mispronunciation of nigger.
Senses: glosses: nigger.
Related terms: nicker bean
nicker nut
nicker tree
cheek
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: chēk
ipa: /t͡ʃiːk/
rhymes: -iːk
Forms: form: cheeks
Etymology: From Middle English cheeke, cheke, cheoke, choke, from Old English ċēce, ċēace, ċēoce (“cheek; jaw”), from Proto-West Germanic *kākā, *keukā (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-Germanic *kēkǭ, *keukǭ (“jaw; palate; pharynx”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (“to chew”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sooke (“cheek”), West Frisian tsjeak (“jaw”), Dutch kaak (“jaw; cheek”), Swedish käke (“jaw; jowl”), Norwegian kjake (“jaw”), Old Norse kók (“mouth; gullet”).
Senses: examples: text: There are some shrewd contents in yon same paper, / That steals the colours from Bassanio's cheek: / Some dear friend dead; else nothing in the world / Could turn so much the constitution / Of any constant man. What, worse and worse!— […]
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
synonyms: word: wang
glosses: The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
synonyms: arsecheek
asscheek
butt cheek
nether cheek
glosses: The lower part of the buttocks that is often exposed beneath very brief underwear, swimwear, or extremely short shorts.
examples: text: You’ve got some cheek, asking me for money!
synonyms: word: impertinence
word: impudence
word: brass neck
word: nerve
word: sass
word: chutzpah
glosses: Impudence.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: One of the genae, flat areas on the sides of a trilobite's cephalon.
examples: text: the cheeks of a vice
text: the cheeks of a gun carriage
glosses: One of the pieces of a machine, or of timber or stonework, that form corresponding sides or a similar pair.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: One of the pieces of a machine, or of timber or stonework, that form corresponding sides or a similar pair.
pump-cheek, pump-cheeks, a piece of wood cut out fork-shaped in which the brake is fastened by means of a bolt and can thus move around and move the upper box of the pump up and down
glosses: The branches of a bridle bit.
glosses: Either side of an axehead.
topics: arts
crafts
engineering
hobbies
lifestyle
metallurgy
metalworking
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The middle section of a flask, made so that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the pattern from the mould.
Derived terms: bench cheek
butment cheek
butt-cheek
cheekbone
cheek bone
cheek-bone
cheek-by-jowl
cheek by jowl
cheeked
cheeker
cheekful
cheek guard
cheekie
cheekini
cheekless
cheekpiece
cheek plate
cheek pouch
cheek to cheek
cheek to jowl
cheek-to-jowl
cheek tooth
cheeky
chock full
doorcheek
face cheek
fixed cheek
free cheek
slapped cheek syndrome
spiny-cheek sleeper
tongue firmly in cheek
tongue in cheek
tongue-in-cheek
to one's own cheek
tuftedcheek
turn the other cheek
with one's tongue in one's cheek
with tongue in cheek
Related terms: buccal
genal
cheek
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: chēk
ipa: /t͡ʃiːk/
rhymes: -iːk
Forms: form: cheeks
form: cheeking
form: cheeked
form: cheeked
Etymology: From Middle English cheeke, cheke, cheoke, choke, from Old English ċēce, ċēace, ċēoce (“cheek; jaw”), from Proto-West Germanic *kākā, *keukā (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-Germanic *kēkǭ, *keukǭ (“jaw; palate; pharynx”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (“to chew”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sooke (“cheek”), West Frisian tsjeak (“jaw”), Dutch kaak (“jaw; cheek”), Swedish käke (“jaw; jowl”), Norwegian kjake (“jaw”), Old Norse kók (“mouth; gullet”).
Senses: examples: text: Don't cheek me, you little rascal!
text: We did not like him much because he kissed us and was preachy when we cheeked pretty Tallie, who did not rule over us as Dede did […]
ref: 1942, Emily Carr, “Sunday”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:
text: We cheeked him over the fence until he chased us off, and then we went down to the Walton Road and cheeked the carters, keeping on the other side of the hedge so.
ref: 1948, George Orwell, Coming Up for Air:
text: 'Well, I do live next door,' I said, in no way antagonistically, and yet I immediately felt as if I had cheeked the headmistress.
ref: 2013, Louise Candlish, The Disappearance of Emily Marr:
glosses: To be impudent towards.
examples: text: Such horses might need to be "cheeked" for a while.
ref: 1964, John Hendrix, If I Can Do It Horseback: A Cow-Country Sketchbook, page 183:
text: Thurman caught the bridle headstall and cheeked the horse's head near his left knee when he swung aboard.
ref: 2009, Dusty Richards, The Sundown Chaser:
text: He cheeked the horse and stepped into the saddle.
ref: 2012, J. Evetts Haley, Charles Goodnight: Cowman and Plainsman:
glosses: To pull a horse's head back toward the saddle using the cheek strap of the bridle.
examples: text: The squirrel cheeked some nuts before heading back to its nest.
glosses: To put or keep something in one’s cheek.
Derived terms: cheek it out
cheek it through
cheek up
cheek up to
cheeks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃiːks/
rhymes: -iːks
Senses: glosses: plural of cheek
examples: text: I'm going to go get some cheeks at the club tonight.
glosses: Ass; sex.
Derived terms: sweetcheeks
cheeks
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃiːks/
rhymes: -iːks
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cheek
Derived terms: sweet cheeks
nikka
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪkə/
rhymes: -ɪkə
homophone: knicker
homophone: nicker (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: nikkas
form: nikkaz
form: nikkah
Etymology: Modification of nigger or nigga.
Senses: examples: text: 2004, Arar Han, John Y. Hsu, Asian American X
Then there's the wigga (wannabe nigga, to fit everyone), who will probably have all that AzN PrldE junk, yet call everyone "nigga" or "nikka" trying to be black.
text: What's crackin' my nikka?
glosses: A bowdlerization of nigga used as a reclaimed sense of nigger.
sov
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɒv
Forms: form: sovs
Etymology: Shortened from sovereign.
Senses: examples: text: That car of his has got to be worth a few sovs.
glosses: Pound sterling.
glosses: A sovereign (former gold coin).
Synonyms: sense: pound sterling
word: pound
sense: pound sterling
word: pound sterling
sense: pound sterling
word: nicker
sense: pound sterling
word: quid
carve
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɑɹv/
ipa: /kɑːv/
homophone: calve stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)v
Forms: form: carves
form: carving
form: carved
form: carved
form: carven
Etymology: From Middle English kerven, from Old English ceorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with West Frisian kerve, Dutch kerven, Low German karven, German kerben (“to notch”); also Old Prussian gīrbin (“number”), Old Church Slavonic жрѣбии (žrěbii, “lot, tallymark”), Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein, “to scratch, etch”).
Senses: examples: text: My good blade carves the casques of men, / My tough lance thrusteth sure, / My strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is pure.
ref: 1834 September (date written), Alfred Tennyson, “Sir Galahad”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza I, page 174:
glosses: To cut.
examples: text: You carve the roast and I’ll serve the vegetables.
glosses: To cut meat in order to serve it.
examples: text: to carve a name into a tree
text: The facades of the buildings fronting upon the avenue within the wall were richly carven[…].
ref: 1920, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Thuvia, Maiden of Mars, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008:
text: The half-dozen pieces […] were painted white and carved with festoons of flowers, birds and cupids. To display them the walls had been tinted a vivid blue which had now faded, but the carpet, which had evidently been stored and recently relaid, retained its original turquoise.
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter I, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
glosses: To shape to sculptural effect; to produce (a work) by cutting, or to cut (a material) into a finished work, especially with cuts that are curved rather than only straight slices.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
snowboarding
sports
glosses: To perform a series of turns without pivoting, so that the tip and tail of the snowboard take the same path.
examples: text: […] who could easily have carved themselves their own food.
ref: 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
text: The Reds carved the first opening of the second period as Glen Johnson's pull-back found David Ngog but the Frenchman hooked wide from six yards.
ref: 2010 December 29, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0 - 1 Wolverhampton”, in BBC:
glosses: To take or make, as by cutting; to provide.
examples: text: Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet.
ref: 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:
glosses: To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.
Derived terms: becarve
carvability
carvable
carveability
carveable
carved in stone
carve out
carver
carvery
carve up
carving knife
cut and carve
file carving
forcarve
overcarve
recarve
undercarve
Related terms: kerf
carve
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɑɹv/
ipa: /kɑːv/
homophone: calve stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)v
Forms: form: carves
Etymology: From Middle English kerven, from Old English ceorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with West Frisian kerve, Dutch kerven, Low German karven, German kerben (“to notch”); also Old Prussian gīrbin (“number”), Old Church Slavonic жрѣбии (žrěbii, “lot, tallymark”), Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein, “to scratch, etch”).
Senses: examples: text: ... half a carve of arable land in Ballyncore, one carve of arable land in Pales, a quarter of arable land in Clonnemeagh, half a carve of arable land in Ballyfaden, half a carve of arable land in Ballymadran, ...
ref: 1862, Calendar of the Patent and Close Rolls of Chancery in Ireland:
text: Whereof John de Ditton holds a moiety of the village for half a carve of land.
ref: 1868, John Harland (editor), Wapentake of West Derby, in Remains, Historical and Literary, Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester, (translating a Latin text c. 1320-46), page 31
glosses: A carucate.
examples: text: Give that turkey a careful carve.
glosses: The act of carving
quid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kwɪd/
ipa: [kʰw̥ɪd̥]
rhymes: -ɪd
Forms: form: quids
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin quid (“what, something”), neuter singular of quis (“who”).
Senses: glosses: The inherent nature of something.
synonyms: Quiddist
glosses: A member of a section of the Democratic-Republican Party between 1805 and 1811, following John Randolph of Roanoke. (From tertium quid.)
examples: text: […]; but what is the quo for which they ought to give the quid? you say they ought to give a quid pro quo; what is the quo? […]; did not they give you a pretty handsome quid for the quo there?
ref: 1886 May 19, Report from the Select Committee of the House of Lords on the Electric Lighting Act (1882) Amendment (No. 1) Bill [H.L.]; the Electric Lighting Act (1882) Amendment (No. 2) Bill [H.L.]; Together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendix, London: […] Henry Hansard and Son, page 208:
text: Indeed, asymmetry precludes the possibility of pointing to any particular quo that is meant to recompense the quid. […]If there exists any kind of inequity between quid and quo, then—on this line of argument—the expansive category of “friendship” emerges to account for it, siphoning the situation away from the class of objectionable quid pro quo. The claim officials here make—that for a quid to have a quo there must be some equivalency between the two—draws theoretical sustenance from the objective, exclusionary approach that critics of classical contract law apply to disproportionate exchanges.
ref: 2000, Andrew Stark, Conflict of Interest in American Public Life, →ISBN, pages 163–164:
text: Corruption, the Court declared in Buckley v. Valeo, involves a quid pro quo: an officeholder doing something in office in return for money or some other favor provided by another individual or entity (for our purposes, a corporation). The problem, however, is that in principle there can be a quid—the money or favor offered by the business to the official—and a quo—the action taken by the official that benefits the business—without any clear evidence of a pro, that is, that the two are connected.[…]The “pro,” the connection between quid and quo, might take place only inside the minds of the official and businessperson concerned.
ref: 2009, George G. Brenkert, Tom L. Beaucham, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics, Oxford University Press, page 504:
text: It is hard to pull off a quid pro quo if the holder of the quo doesn’t know about the quid.
ref: 2020, John Yoo, Defender in Chief: Donald Trump’s Fight for Presidential Power, New York, N.Y.: All Points Books, St. Martin’s Publishing Group, →ISBN:
glosses: Paired with quo, in reference to the phrase quid pro quo (“this for that”): something offered in exchange for something else.