cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
alkaline air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Private individuals in England, France, and Italy knew of Priestley's discovery before he made it public with a paper on alkaline air read to the Royal Society on 3 March 1774.
ref: 2004, Robert E Schofield, The Enlightened Joseph Priestley, Pennsylvania State University, published 2004, page 94:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Ammonia.
fire air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: oxygen
fixed air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Coined by Scottish chemist Joseph Black in 1756 because it can be absorbed, or fixed, by strong bases.
Senses: examples: text: The wild gas, the fixed air is plainly broke loose: but we ought to suspend our judgement until […] we see something deeper than the agitation of a troubled and disturbed surface.
ref: 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Oxford, published 2009, page 8:
text: Lavoisier then elucidated the exchange of gases in the lungs: the air inhaled was converted into Black's fixed air, whereas the nitrogen (‘azote’) remained unchanged.
ref: 1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 246:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Carbon dioxide; carbonic acid.
fluoro acid air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: silicon tetrafluoride
hepatic air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: hydrogen sulfide
inflammable air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Mr. Cavendish has shewn, that the gas called inflammable air, is at least ten times lighter than common air; Mr. Lavoisier contends, that it is one of the component parts of water, and is by him called hydrogene.
ref: 1791, Erasmus Darwin, The Economy of Vegetation, J. Johnson, page 11:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Hydrogen.
mephitic air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of various gases considered noxious to humans, including carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
nitrous air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Air thought to be charged with nitre.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Nitric oxide, NO.
phlogisticated air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: nitrogen gas
Synonyms: phlogisticated gas
Derived terms: dephlogisticated air
pure air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: oxygen
vital air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: oxygen
vitriolic acid air
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From vitriolic acid + air.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Sulfur dioxide.
artifical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of artificial.
shakes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃeɪks/
rhymes: -eɪks
Senses: glosses: plural of shake
shakes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃeɪks/
rhymes: -eɪks
Forms: form: the shakes
Senses: glosses: Delirium tremens; typically due to alcohol withdrawal.
examples: [Recovering video game addicts] also have sleep disorders, the shakes and numbness in their hands. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/05/china_net_addicts/
When researchers either stopped the diet or administered an opioid blocker, the rats showed signs common to drug withdrawal, such as teeth-chattering and the shakes. http://apu.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_sugarAddiction
glosses: A pattern of behavior including twitches, tics and spasms typical of withdrawal from addiction.
examples: text: "I remember having the shakes sometimes and thinking 'why am I doing this?', and then remembering the vision. Very few of us were extroverts and happy to go on stage.
ref: 2022 January 12, Adeline Ginn talks to Stefanie Foster, “A fantastic pool of female talent”, in RAIL, number 948, page 33:
glosses: A fit of trembling or shivering.
Derived terms: wet dog shakes
shakes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃeɪks/
rhymes: -eɪks
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of shake
butter of antimony
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: antimony trichloride
butter of arsenic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The compound arsenic trichloride.
segments
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of segment
segments
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of segment
butter of tin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: tin tetrachloride pentahydrate
butter of zinc
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Because of its oily texture.
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: zinc chloride
short leash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: short leashes
Senses: examples: text: The employee was put on probation after her latest mistakes and given a short leash.
text: Their supervisors keep the workers on a short leash.
text: That's Don Pianta's daughter, Francesca. She's head-over-heels for Frankie. Seems like she's got Frankie on a pretty short leash, but... Hey they're happy, right?
ref: 2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America, Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Rogueport:
glosses: A strict set of rules, or great scrutiny or oversight which limit one's freedom of action.
Related terms: give 'em enough rope
dog's life
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dogs' lives
Etymology: First use appears c. 1528. See cite below.
Senses: examples: text: Mr. Ford afterwards had a dogs life among them.
ref: 1528, J. Strype, Fox Manuscripts, page 174:
glosses: A miserable, wretched existence.
glosses: A life of indolence where the individual may do as they please, just like a pampered dog.
spit the dummy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: spits the dummy
form: spitting the dummy
form: spat the dummy
form: spat the dummy
form: spit the dummy
form: spit the dummy
Etymology: Referring to a baby having a tantrum and spitting out its dummy.
Senses: examples: text: He'll really spit the dummy when he hears that he's not going on that trip.
glosses: To overreact (as an adult) to a situation, in an angry and childish manner.
Synonyms: throw a tantrum
throw one's toys out of the pram
Related terms: dummy spit
have a cow
hissy fit
monotheistically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From monotheistic + -ally.
Senses: glosses: In a monotheistic manner.
valorous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvælərəs/
Forms: form: more valorous
form: most valorous
form: valourous
Etymology: From Old French valeureux.
Senses: examples: text: c. 1490, William Caxton (translator), The Boke of Eneydos, Westminster, Preface,
this present booke compyled by virgyle ryght subtyl and Ingenyous oratour & poete Intytuled Eneydos hath be translated oute of latyn in to comyn langage In whiche may alle valyaunt prynces and other nobles see many valorous fayttes of armes.
text: […] he esteems himself happy that he hath fallen into the hands of one, as he thinks, the most brave, valorous, and thrice-worthy signieur of England.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:
text: […] I shall be at York—at the head of my daring and valorous fellows, as ready to support any bold design as thy policy can be to form one.
ref: 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:
text: He held up the glass. ‘To your valorous wounds. To the silver medal. […]’
ref: 1929 May–October, Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, 1st British edition, London: Jonathan Cape […], published 1929, →OCLC, book I, page 75:
text: There are many valorous stories told of her, which enthral grown men as well as children.
ref: 2004, Andrea Levy, chapter 12, in Small Island, London: Review, page 139:
text: For all its pragmatic public-health spade work, the foundation has also served as a kind of valorous abstraction — the seeming embodiment of “the Golden Rule,” in a phrase that Bill Gates likes to use, and the face of an increasingly anachronistic era of elite optimism.
ref: 2025 May 8, David Wallace-Wells, “Bill Gates Explains His Plans to Close the Gates Foundation in 2045”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Having or displaying valour.
Synonyms: valiant
Derived terms: valorously
Hertford
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɑːtfəd/
ipa: /ˈhɑːfəd/
ipa: /ˈhɑɹtfɚd/
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English Hertford, from Old English Heorotford, from heorot (“stag”) + ford (“ford”), equivalent to hart + ford.
Senses: glosses: A town and civil parish (with a town council) in East Hertfordshire district, and the county town of Hertfordshire, England (OS grid ref TL3212).
glosses: A town, the county seat of Perquimans County, North Carolina, United States.
qualifier: Oxford University
glosses: Ellipsis of Hertford College, Oxford.
Derived terms: Hertford County
Hertfordshire
regretful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more regretful
form: most regretful
Etymology: From regret + -ful.
Senses: glosses: Full of feelings of regret, indulging in regrets.
glosses: Sorrowful about what has been lost or done.
Synonyms: sense: full of regret
word: repining
sense: full of regret
word: rueful
sense: full of regret
word: sorrowful
word: regretful
word: sorry
Hyponyms: word: remorseful
word: penitent
Derived terms: regretfully
regretfulness
unregretful
Related terms: word: sad
Valladolid
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌvaɪ.ə.dəˈliːd/
Senses: glosses: A city in Castile and León, Spain.
glosses: A province in Castile and León, Spain.
glosses: A municipality of Negros Occidental, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Loboc, Bohol, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Carcar, Cebu, Philippines.
recurrent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈkʌɹənt/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkɝənt/
rhymes: -ʌɹənt
Etymology: From Latin recurrens, present participle of recurrere. Morphologically recur + -ent.
Senses: examples: text: The patient complained of recurrent chest pain.
synonyms: word: perennial
word: repetitious
word: monotonous
word: perennial
word: recurrent
word: recurring
word: repeating
word: repetitional
word: repetitionary
word: repetitious
word: repetitive
glosses: Recurring; happening time after time.
topics: mathematics
sciences
synonyms: persistent
antonyms: transient
qualifier: stochastic processes
glosses: Non-transient.
raw_tags: of a state
examples: text: a recurrent nerve or artery
topics: anatomy
biology
botany
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
antonyms: precurrent
glosses: Running back toward its origin.
topics: biology
entomology
natural-sciences
glosses: Turned back toward the base.
Derived terms: nonrecurrent
null recurrent
positive recurrent
quasirecurrent
recurrent aborter
recurrent laryngeal nerve
recurrently
recurrent neural network
recurrent nova
recurrent slope linea
Related terms: recurrence
Pretoria
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəˈtɔːɹi.ə/
Etymology: Named after Andries Pretorius (1798–1853).
Senses: examples: text: Following the health department’s findings, the company temporarily closed the factory, located in the city of Polokwane north of Johannesburg, as well as two other sites in Germiston and Pretoria. It also recalled its ready-to-eat meat products, pledging to address any “valid claims which may be made against it in due course.”
ref: 2025 January 25, Hanna Ziady, “‘Our innocent kids are struggling.’ Victims of massive listeriosis outbreak say those responsible must ‘do the right thing’”, in CNN:
coordinate_terms: Bloemfontein
Cape Town
glosses: The administrative capital of South Africa.
glosses: the South African government
Magdeburg
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: enpr: măgʹdə-bûrg
ipa: /ˈmaɡdəbɜːɡ/
ipa: /ˈmæɡdəbɝɡ/
Etymology: From German Magdeburg, from Middle Low German Māgedeborch, Mēgedeborch. Since the Middle Ages interpreted as “maiden-borough”, sometimes specifically related to the Virgin Mary. However, the first component may originally have been the plant name “mayweed”, compare Middle Low German mēgede(blōme) and Old English mæġþe.
Senses: glosses: The capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on the River Elbe.
examples: text: Since the reign of Charlemagne, this country is divided into High and Low Germany... the provinces of Lower Germany towards the north conſiſt of the Low Country of the Rhine, Triers, Cologn, Mentz, Weſtphalia, Heſſe, Brunſwic, Miſnia, Luſatia, High Saxony upon the Elbe, Low Saxony upon the Elbe, Mecklenburg, Lauenburg, Brandenburg, Magdeburg, and Pomerania.
ref: 1759, George Sale et al., The Modern Part of an Universal History, volume XXIX: History of the German Empire, page 2:
glosses: The historic German realm centered on the city.
Derived terms: Magdeburgian
Magdeburg hemisphere
screeches
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of screech
screeches
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of screech
disputatious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪspjʊˈteɪʃəs/
ipa: /ˌdɪspjəˈteɪʃəs/
Forms: form: more disputatious
form: most disputatious
Etymology: From disputation, equivalent to disputati(on) + -ous.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to something that is in question as to its intent or value.
examples: text: He was followed by a disputatious gentleman, who had the temerity to maintain before the royal misocapnist (the Counterblast had not as yet issued from the monarch's lips, but his anti-nicotian prejudices were well known,) the thesis, that "tobacco must needs be good;" proceeding to his proof "by enumeration or induction, because Kings, Princes, Nobles, Earles, Lords, Knights, Gentlemen of all Countries and Nations, reckoning a number, loved it."
ref: 1864, “Visit of King James to Oxford in 1605: Tobacologia: Date of ‘Macbeth’”, in Notes and Queries, page 301:
text: Certainly there have been bitterly contested elections in this country before. Party spirit is always rife, and in such vivid, excitable, disputatious communities as ours are, and I trust always will be, it is the very soul of freedom.
ref: 1868 October 20, John Lothrop Motley, Four Questions for the People, at the Presidential Election: Address of John Lothrop Motley, before the Parker Fraternity, at the Music Hall, October 20, 1868, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 4:
synonyms: word: argumentative
word: contentious
word: quarrelsome
word: agonistic
word: argumentative
word: bangsome
word: bellicose
word: belligerent
word: contentious
word: debateful
word: discordant
word: disputatious
word: factious
word: fractious
word: fratchety
word: fratchy
word: litigious
word: logomachic
word: pettifogging
word: quarrelous
word: quarrelsome
word: rantankerous
word: squabbly
word: strifeful
word: unpacific
antonyms: conciliatory
pacific
peaceable
glosses: Inclined to argue or debate; provoking debate.
Derived terms: disputatiously
disputatiousness
undisputatious
low blows
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of low blow
alehouse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: alehouses
form: ale-house
Etymology: From Middle English alehous, alehuse from Old English ealuhūs. By surface analysis, ale + house.
Senses: examples: text: Find him in a pulpit but twiſe in the yeare,
And Ile find him fortie times in the ale-houſe taſting ſtrong beare.
ref: 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
text: But go to—carry thy roisterers elsewhere—to the alehouse if they list, and there are crowns to pay your charges—make out the day’s madness without doing more mischief, and be wise men to-morrow—and hereafter learn to serve a good cause better than by acting like ruffians.
ref: 1820, [Walter Scott], chapter XV, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 326:
text: Mention has been already made more than once, of a certain Dragon who swung and creaked complainingly before the village ale-house door.
ref: 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, chapter 3, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 19:
synonyms: beer parlour
beer bar
brewpub
pub
saloon
glosses: A business, such as an inn or tavern, where ale is sold.
Derived terms: alehouse keeper
hedge alehouse
Malaga
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæləɡə/
ipa: /məˈlɑːɡə/
Forms: form: Malagas
form: Málaga
Etymology: From Spanish Málaga, from Arabic مَالَقَة (Mālaqa), from Latin Malaca, from Phoenician 𐤌𐤋𐤊 (Málaka or Malake) of uncertain origin but possibly derived from Proto-West Semitic *milḥ- (“salt”). The American places are from the Spanish city. The surname is also sometimes derived via Polish Malaga.
Senses: glosses: A port city, the capital of the province of Malaga, Andalusia, Spain.
glosses: A province of Andalusia, Spain, around the city.
glosses: A place in the United States:
A census-designated place in Fresno County, California.
glosses: A place in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey.
glosses: A place in the United States:
A census-designated place in Eddy County, New Mexico.
glosses: A place in the United States:
A township and unincorporated community therein, in Monroe County, Ohio.
glosses: A place in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Chelan County, Washington.
glosses: A suburb of Perth in the City of Swan, Western Australia.
glosses: A surname.
Derived terms: Malagan
southerner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: southerners
Etymology: From southern + -er.
Senses: antonyms: northerner
glosses: A native or inhabitant of the south of a region (or of the world as a whole), such as the United Kingdom.
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Southerner (someone from one of the southeastern United States).
Synonyms: southron
darkling
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ/
note: Etymology 3
ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)k(ə)lɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English derkelyng. By surface analysis, dark + -ling.
Senses: examples: text: So, out went the candle, and we were left darkling.
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:
text: As the wakeful bird sings darkling.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
text: I had a dream, which was not all a dream. / The bright sun was extinguish'd, and the stars / Did wander darkling in the eternal space, / Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth / Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air;
ref: 1816, Lord Byron, Darkness:
glosses: In the dark; in obscurity.
darkling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ/
note: Etymology 3
ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)k(ə)lɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ
Etymology: Coined by Irish poet Mary Tighe in 1805, likely as an extension of the adverbial sense, and popularized by John Keats.
Senses: examples: text: She still pursued its flight, with all the speed / Her fainting strength had hitherto supplied: / What pathless wilds she crossed ! What forests darkling wide !
ref: 1805, Mary Tighe, Canto III, in Psyche, or the legend of love, Stanza 13, line 9:
text: May thine autumn calm, serene, / Never want some lingering flower, / Which Affection's hand may glean, / Though the darkling mists may lower !
ref: 1812, Mary Tighe, Written for her niece S.K., in B. George Ulizio, editor, Psyche: with other poems, Stanza 4:
text: And we are here as on a darkling plain
Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,
Where ignorant armies clash by night
ref: 1867, Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach::
text: The air is cool and it’s darkling, / And calmly flows the Rhine; / The mountain tops are sparkling / In sunset’s parting shrine.
ref: 1876, Heinrich Heine, translated by Thomas Selby Egan, Atta Troll and Other Poems, London: Chapman and Hall, […], page 165:
text: To us and to an observer about Ripley it would have had precisely the same effect the Martians seemed in solitary possession of the darkling night, lit only as it was by the slender moon, the stars, the after-glow of the daylight[.]
ref: 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 140:
glosses: Dark; growing dark; darkening.
glosses: Obscure; taking place unseen, as if in the dark.
darkling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ/
note: Etymology 3
ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)k(ə)lɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ
Etymology: From darkle + -ing, darkle itself a backformation from Tighe's adjectival sense.
Senses: examples: text: She carried some rugs for me through the shrubbery in the darkling. "They'll think we've gone mooning," she said, jerking her head at the household. "I wonder what they make of us – criminals."
ref: 1909, H.G. Wells, Chapter the First: The Stick of the Rocket, in Tono-Bungay, Book the Fourth: The Aftermath of Tono-Bungay:
glosses: Darkness.
darkling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ/
note: Etymology 3
ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)k(ə)lɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ
Etymology: From darkle + -ing, darkle itself a backformation from Tighe's adjectival sense.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of darkle
darkling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ/
note: Etymology 3
ipa: /ˈdɑː(ɹ)k(ə)lɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)klɪŋ
Forms: form: darklings
Etymology: From dark + -ling.
Senses: glosses: A child of darkness; someone dark by nature or who has grown dark in character.
topics: fantasy
glosses: A creature that lives in the dark.
glosses: A demon.
senorita
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -iːtə
Forms: form: senoritas
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of señorita, the character ñ being very rarely used in English.
Lizzy
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Lizzie
Senses: examples: text: And upon Elizabeth's seeming really, with vexed and embarrassed looks, about to escape, she added, “Lizzy, I insist upon your staying and hearing Mr. Collins.”
ref: 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XIX, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 242:
glosses: A diminutive of the female given name Elizabeth.
aftershock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæftɜɹʃɔk/
Forms: form: aftershocks
Etymology: From after- + shock.
Senses: examples: text: It was not a peace that brought joy – it was one that created an oppressive tension like the calm between a major earthquake and the aftershock.
ref: 2011, Raymond Gordon, The Ecclesiastical Chronicles, Volume Two: The Society, →ISBN, page 278:
text: As aftershocks of 3.0 magnitude or higher continued to rock the area, rescuers transported over 50,000 people from the hardest-hit Luding county, according to local media
ref: 2022 September 6, “China earthquake death toll jumps to 65 as aftershocks rattle Sichuan”, in EFE, archived from the original on 06 Sep 2022:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
seismology
synonyms: afterquake
glosses: An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake (the "mainshock").
examples: text: The collapse of the financial market sixty days later was the aftershock.
ref: 2011, Jeremy Rifkin, The Third Industrial Revolution, →ISBN:
text: Set in the 1950s, Badlands looks back to that period of malaise in American culture which was defined by the aftershock of world war, the fears engendered by the Cold War, and the questioning of both cultural and individual identity.
ref: 2012, Hannah Patterson, The Cinema of Terrence Malick, →ISBN, page 26:
text: On the other hand, in a global economy, many governments are seeking to limit their social costs in order to attract global corporations to invest in their countries, while also grappling with the aftershock of the banking crisis which has seen state financial support to the banking sector amount to L850 billion of guarantees and loans (National Audit Office, 2011).
ref: 2014, Lester Parrott, Social work and poverty, →ISBN, page 35:
text: The Republican president is making a major political bet that his actions will not worsen inflation, cause financial aftershocks that could destabilize the worldwide economy or provoke a voter backlash.
ref: 2025 February 1, Josh Boak, “Trump’s tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China could mean higher inflation and economic disruption”, in Associated Press:
glosses: By extension, any result or consequence following a major event.
examples: text: Far from being an emotional aftershock following an event that upsets our whole world, horror is what first discloses to us the upsetting possibility that our world as a whole can cease to be.
ref: 1992, Jerome A. Miller, In the Throe of Wonder, →ISBN, page 129:
text: Aftershock is my own term for post-traumatic reactions experienced by activists.
ref: 2007, Pattrice Jones, Aftershock: Confronting Trauma in a Violent World, →ISBN:
text: "I meant, how are you doing with the aftershock?" "Aftershock? I keep thinking there must have been something I could have done."
ref: 2013, Anne Hillerman, Spider Woman's Daughter, →ISBN, page 221:
text: He wavered on his feet from adrenaline aftershock, blood loss, and from the fact that he was ruined.
ref: 2013, Kris Schnee, Everyone's Island, →ISBN, page 119:
glosses: Emotional and physical distress following a traumatic event.
couché
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Borrowed from French couché, past participle of coucher (“to lay, to lay down”). Doublet of couchant and collocate.
Senses: examples: text: Azure, semé of tratti or billets couché or, two lions passant in pale of the same.
ref: 1866, The Herald and Genealogist, page 77:
text: 3rd, to sinister—on a shield couché a lion rampant within a bordure charged with eight roses, behind the shield a pastoral staff in pale, for Bishop Columba de Dunbar, being his arms and "baculum pastorale." […] Sir David Dunbar of Cockburn, said to be a son or grandson of George, tenth Earl. Seal, 12th December 1452,—on a shield couché, a lion rampant within a bordure charged with eight roses or stars; […]
ref: 1881, Robert Riddle Stodart, Scottish Arms: Being a Collection of Armorial Bearings, A.D. 1370-1678, Reproduced in Fascimile from Contemporary Manuscripts, page 11:
text: Argent, semé of billets couches azure, a lion rampant gules, crowned or, Lordship of GEROLDSECK.
ref: 1896, John Woodward, A Treatise on Heraldry, British and Foreign: With English and French Glossaries, page 114:
text: Andrew, Lord Avandale, bore on his seal a shield couché quartered : 1st , a lion rampant within a royal tressure […]
ref: 1909, James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom, page 519:
text: A heater - shield of Savoy (Gules, a cross argent) couché, with helm, mantling, and crest of a lion's head between two wings;
ref: 1916, Francis Pierrepont Barnard, The Casting-counter and the Counting-board: A Chapter in the History of Numismatics and Early Arithmetic, page 123:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: Inclined at an angle.
examples: text: A chevron couché is one which emerges from one side of the escutcheon and has its apex on the opposite side, or at the fess point.
text: Gules, a chevron couché (or issuant from the dexter flank) argent, is the coat of MARSCHALCK. (Plate VII., fig. 5.) Gules , a chevron reversed argent, is the coat of the Bavarian Barons RUMLINGEN DE BERG; and of[…]
ref: 1896, John Woodward, A Treatise on Heraldry, British and Foreign: With English and French Glossaries, page 148:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: Couched: issuing from the side of the shield rather than the bottom or top.
raw_tags: of a chevron
in bed
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Senses: examples: text: Reading in bed and breakfasting in bed are two of my three favorite activities.
qualifier: literal
glosses: While on a bed.
examples: text: She wasn't kind or smart, attractive or even funny. Her only redeeming feature was that she was fantastic in bed.
glosses: Regarding sexual activities.
examples: text: You've been in bed with the opposite party all year and that's why you keep saying we need to compromise.
glosses: Regarding sexual activities.
Cooperating with, as if for an illicit reward; in league with.
Synonyms: sense: lying in bed
word: abed
topics: sex
sexuality
lifestyle
word: in the sack
Derived terms: in bed with
respirer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: respirers
Etymology: respire + -er
Senses: glosses: An organism that respires.
xxx
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: [written on a letter]
Dear Chip —
See you tonight.
Love
xxxx
Clarice
ref: 1952, “Two Chips and a Miss”, in Chip 'n' Dale:
glosses: An abbreviation for kisses, usually placed at the end of a letter or text message, often alongside ooo (hugs).
Related terms: xoxo
couchant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkaʊtʃənt/
Etymology: From Middle English couchant, from Middle French couchant.
Senses: examples: text: The dogs, with eager yelp, / Are struggling to be free; / The hawks in frequent stoop / Token their haste for flight; / And couchant on the saddle-bow, / With tranquil eyes, and talons sheath’d, / The ounce expects his liberty.
ref: 1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC:
text: There were the tawny rocks, like lions couchant, defying the ocean, whose waves incessantly dashed against and scoured them with vast quantities of gravel.
ref: 1865, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “The Shipwreck”, in [Sophia Thoreau; William Ellery Channing], editors, Cape Cod, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 14:
text: Two figures faced each other, large, austere; / A couchant sphinx in shadow to the breast, / An angel standing in the moonlight clear; […]
ref: 1880, James Thomson, chapter XX, in The City of Dreadful Night and Other Poems, London: Reeves and Turner, […], →OCLC:
text: Or again, have you ever watched fine collie dogs couchant at twenty yards' distance?
ref: 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:
glosses: Lying with belly down and front legs extended; crouching.
raw_tags: of an animal
examples: text: His crest was covered with a couchant Hownd, / And all his armour seem'd of antique mould […]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: Represented as crouching with the head raised.
Derived terms: couchant and levant
counter-couchant
levant and couchant
prevailing parties
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of prevailing party
troubler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: troublers
Etymology: From trouble + -er.
Senses: examples: text: They are the troublers, they are the dividers of unity, who neglect and permit not others to unite those dissever'd peeces which are yet wanting to the body of Truth.
ref: 1644, John Milton, Areopagitica:
glosses: One who, or that which, troubles; a disturber.
Yellowstone
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈjɛləʊstəʊn/
Etymology: From yellow + stone.
Senses: examples: text: Yellowstone itself remains the biggest headache, with noncamping accommodations limited to a handful of pricey lodges or cookie-cutter cabins...
ref: 2008, Bradley Mayhew, Carolyn McCarthy, Yellowstone & Grand Teton National Parks, page 258:
text: Everything about China is super-sized: The five new parks, which in some cases stitched together an older patchwork of conservation zones, sprawl across more than 88,800 square miles of territory—a protected area more than 25 times the size of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
ref: 2022 November 17, Paul Salopek, “A ‘Slow Storytelling’ Writing and Photography Workshop Boosts Conservation in China”, in National Geographic:
glosses: A national park of the USA, located in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming.
glosses: A river that rises in the park before flowing through Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota, where it empties into the Missouri River.
glosses: A nickname for the 2-8-8-4 locomotive configuration.
Derived terms: Yellowstone County
Yellowstone cutthroat trout
evil laugh
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: evil laughs
Senses: synonyms: evil laughter
glosses: A signature laugh associated with villains in films and acting, sometimes represented as muahahaha or bwahaha.
evil laughter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: There was evil laughter coming from the villain's lair as he was contemplating how he was going to defeat his heroic foe.
synonyms: evil laugh
glosses: The stereotypical laughter produced by a villain, frequently represented as muahahaha or bwahaha.
mache
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The ballotine[…] came bathed in a light dill cream and garnished with mache leaves and arugula.
ref: 1988 May 27, Sondra Rosenberg, “Restaurant Tours: a bargain verging on a steal”, in Chicago Reader:
glosses: Alternative spelling of mâche.
mache
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From German Mache, surname of Heinrich Mache.
Senses: glosses: A former unit of volumic radioactivity: the quantity of radon (ignoring its daughters) per litre of air which ionizes a sustained current of 0.001 esu.
mache
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: matse
Etymology: Compare Tagalog matse, Cebuano masi, Kapampangan mutsi (“moche”). See also buchi, muah chee, Hokkien 麻糍 (môa-chî).
Senses: glosses: Glutinous rice balls flavoured with coconut and pandan.
cesser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cessers
Etymology: From cess + -er.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: termination or cessation.
topics: law
glosses: A neglect of a tenant to perform services, or make payment, for two years.
Related terms: cessavit
ooo
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: glosses: hugs (usually placed at the end of a letter or in text messaging, sometimes alongside xxx meaning kisses)
Related terms: xoxo
JV
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: JVs
Senses: examples: text: "This new JV complements our wider commercial development programme, which will see us deliver thousands of new and affordable homes in London, develop our estate to support small businesses, and train the next generation entering the construction industry," said TTLP Head of Property Development Scott Anderson.
ref: 2023 March 8, “Network News: Preferred bidder for TfL office sites”, in RAIL, number 978, page 14:
glosses: Initialism of joint venture.
glosses: Initialism of junior varsity.
auxiliaries
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of auxiliary
Athenians
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /əˈθiː.ni.ənz/
Senses: glosses: plural of Athenian
call center
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: call centers
form: call centre
Senses: topics: business
communications
electrical-engineering
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
telecommunications
telephony
synonyms: contact center
glosses: A communications facility where phone calls are handled; especially, a commercial one for customer service, sales and telemarketing.
forgiveth
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: He it is who accepteth repentance from his servants, and forgiveth their sins and knoweth your actions. Sura XLII.
glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of forgive
bogosity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bogosities
Etymology: From bogus (“fake, phony”) + -osity.
Senses: examples: text: When they both had commented sourly and at length about the inflated bogosity of tourist hotel food and particularly the mendacious misuse of the English language to describe materials which had certainly been in various deep-freezes for at least six months, they settled down on the balcony to discuss Bond’s findings of the morning.
ref: 1961, Ian Fleming, Thunderball:
glosses: The state or degree of being bogus.
glosses: Something that is bogus.
Derived terms: bogotic
Related terms: bogon
wiener roast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wiener roasts
form: weenie roast
form: wienie roast
Senses: examples: text: The campers decided to have a wiener roast before singing songs around the campfire.
glosses: An activity in which people use a ground fire (e.g., a campfire) to cook hot dogs.
quick time
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A fast marching pace of 120 thirty-inch steps per minute.
Related terms: double time
Lidia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Ancient Greek, a less common spelling of Lydia.
Grenoble
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəˈnoʊbəl/
ipa: /ɡɹəˈnəʊbəl/
Etymology: From French Grenoble.
Senses: glosses: A commune in the French Alps in Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.
Yvonne
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /iːˈvɒn/
ipa: /ɪˈvɒn/
rhymes: -ɒn
Etymology: From the French feminine form of Yvon, variant of Yves, from a Germanic root for "yew" (see Old English iw). It might have originally been used of an archer, since yew wood was used to make bows.
Senses: examples: text: In your mother's apple orchard
When the world was left behind:
You were shy, so shy, Yvonne!
But your eyes were calm and kind.
ref: 1896, Ernest Christopher Dowson, Yvonne of Brittany:
glosses: A female given name from French borrowed from France, in regular use since the twentieth century.
sayeth
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: saith
form: seith
form: says
Etymology: say + -eth
Senses: examples: text: Love thy neighbor, sayeth the Lord.
glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of say
Valenciennes
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/
ipa: /ˌvælənsiˈɛnz/
ipa: /vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn/
Senses: glosses: A town in Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
Valenciennes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/
ipa: /ˌvælənsiˈɛnz/
ipa: /vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn/
Senses: examples: text: For morning fetes is worn with this dress a small white muslin paletot, without sleeves, split up the back, trimmed with two gauffred frills, edged with Valenciennes, and a narrow puffing, lined with satin ribbon.
ref: 1870, The Ladies' Treasury and Treasury of Literature, page 93:
text: Rosamond contented herself without the very highest style of embroidery and Valenciennes.
ref: 1872, George Eliot, Middlemarch, Book IV, chapter 36:
glosses: A fine bobbin lace having the design made with the ground and of the same thread.
where'er
Language: English
Part of speech: conj
Senses: examples: text: Yet a tailor might scratch her where'er she did itch.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
text: As flowers beneath her footstep waken, / As stars from night's loose hair are shaken, / As waves arise when loud winds call, / Thoughts sprung where'er that step did fall.
ref: 1819 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Masque of Anarchy. A Poem. […], London: Edward Moxon […], published 1832, →OCLC, stanza XXXI, page 16:
text: 'Where'er the sun shakes out his spears, and the lonesome waters mirror up the moon, where'er storms roll, and Heaven's painted bows arch in the sky - from the pure North clad in snows, across the middle spaces of the world, to where the amorous South, lying like a bride upon her blue couch of seas, breathes in sighs made sweet with the odour of myrtles - there shall thy power pass and thy dominion find a home.'
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
text: And where'er ye go
That we'll never know
ref: 2008, Paul Weller, Where'er Ye Go (song), on 22 Dreams (album)
glosses: Contraction of wherever.
Related terms: e'er
RICE
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The care manager greeted Beth and Jim as they prepared to leave, […] and offered to give them brochures about RICE and physical therapy […] After the RICE therapy, Dr. Meredith recommended rehab for strengthening the ankle so that Beth could return to her physical fitness […]
ref: 2017, Ida Critelli Schick, edited by Laurinda Beebe Harman and Frances H. Cornelius, Ethical Health Informatics: Challenges and Opportunities, 3rd edition, Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning, →ISBN, page 277:
text: The RICE method is a simple self-care technique that aims to reduce swelling, ease pain, and speed up healing.
ref: 2024 April 24, Amy Gopal, Shelly Shepard, “RICE Method for Injuries”, in WebMD:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Acronym of rest, ice, compression, elevation (“a treatment method for soft-tissue injuries”).
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Acronym of rest, immobilization, cold, elevation (“a treatment method for soft-tissue injuries”).
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Acronym of reaction, initial, change, equilibrium (“a tabular system for keeping track of changing concentrations in an equilibrium reaction”).
topics: business
energy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Acronym of reciprocating internal combustion engine.
Related terms: PRICE
RICE box
RICE chart
RICE table
couldn't care less
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: couldn't have cared less
form: could not care less
Senses: examples: text: I used to be so careless / As if I couldn't care less
ref: 1987, Gary Clark, “Mary's Prayer”, performed by Danny Wilson:
text: Less than 48 hours after Kirk was shot in broad daylight on the campus of Utah Valley University, Trump replied: “I tell you something that is going to get me in trouble, but I couldn’t care less.”
ref: 2025 September 12, Ed Pilkington, quoting Donald Trump, “Trump declines to call for unity after Charlie Kirk killing in stunning move”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: To not care at all; to have no interest or concern; to be apathetic.
Synonyms: word: could care less
word: not give a tinker's damn
word: not give a tinker's cuss
couldn't care less
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more couldn't care less
form: most couldn't care less
form: could not care less
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of couldn't-care-less.
swordsman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: swordsmen
form: swordman
Etymology: From sword + -s- + man.
Senses: examples: text: He is a remarkable swordsman.
glosses: A person skilled at using swords in sport or combat; a fencer.
examples: text: Archers attempted to take down an unknown swordsman.
glosses: A person who fights with a sword.
examples: text: Jennifer Aniston is in control . . . and getting what she needs from a notorious swordsman eight years her junior.
ref: 2008 December 16, Mark Kirby, “Lordy, Lordy, This Woman is 40”, in GQ, retrieved 21 Dec 2008:
glosses: A man who is a skillful or enthusiastic practitioner of sexual intercourse.
Synonyms: sense: person who wields a sword
word: swordfighter
sense: person who wields a sword
word: swordsperson
sense: person who wields a sword
word: swordster
sense: skillful or enthusiastic practitioner of sexual intercourse
word: womanizer
Hyponyms: sense: person who wields a sword
word: swordstress
sense: person who wields a sword
word: swordswoman
deadliest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: The black mamba is one of the deadliest snakes.
glosses: superlative form of deadly: most deadly
May-September romance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: May-September romances
Etymology: From the metaphor of a year being the lifespan of a person, May being a time of relative youth and September being late in maturity.
Senses: examples: text: The 40-year-old man and his 20-year-old girlfriend were involved in a May-September romance.
text: And, any hope for nurturing a May to September-style romance at my age would require me to stalk a geriatric ward.
ref: 2025 May 24, Jo Ellison, “The exquisite cringe of the age-gap romance”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 21:
glosses: A romantic relationship where one partner is significantly older than the other.
Synonyms: May-December romance
Related terms: autumn romance
December bride
drunkards
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of drunkard
dwellings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dwelling
dénouement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /deˈnuːmɑ̃/
ipa: /ˌdeɪ.nuˈmɑnt/
ipa: /ˌdeɪ.nuˈmɑ̃/
Forms: form: dénouements
form: denouement
form: dénoûment
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French dénouement (“resolution”, literally “unknotting”).
Senses: examples: text: Emily was a great favourite with him; and he had always viewed the attachment, at whose dénouement between her and Lorraine, Lady Mandeville meant to preside, as a somewhat foolish romance.
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIX, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 271:
text: At last this affair is moving towards the explosive dénouement he has been craving — the revelation, the release of tension, that will shake the universe in one fierce convulsion, and then allow everything to fall back into its rightful place, restored to normality!
ref: 2002, Michel Faber, The Crimson Petal and the White, Canongate Books (2010), page 830:
topics: authorship
broadcasting
communications
film
journalism
literature
media
publishing
television
writing
glosses: The conclusion or resolution of a plot; unravelling.