cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
West Indies
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From west + Indies. From being lands called the Indies, of the West. From being mistaken for the East Indies (aka, the Indies).
Senses: glosses: The islands of the Caribbean sea.
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A Federation of Caribbean states which, together with Guyana, play Test matches as if they were a single nation.
Meronyms: Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles
Lucayan Archipelago
Derived terms: Spanish West Indies
Related terms: West Indian
East Indies
Windies
border
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɔə.də/
ipa: /ˈbɔː.də/
ipa: /ˈbɔɹ.dɚ/
ipa: [ˈbo̞ɹ.dɚ]
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)də(ɹ)
homophone: boarder (horse–hoarse merger)
note: rhotic
ipa: /ˈbɔːɹ.dɚ/
note: non-rhotic
ipa: /ˈbɔː.də/
Forms: form: borders
form: bordering
form: bordered
form: bordered
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English bordure, from Old French bordeure, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bord, equivalent to modern French bord (“a border”) + -er.
Akin to Middle High German borte (“border, trim”), German Borte (“ribbon, trimming”). Doublet of bordure. More at board.
Further cognate to English board, Old Norse barð (“edge”), Swedish bård (“edge”), also English beard, German Bart (“beard”) (edge of the face) etc.
Senses: glosses: To put a border on something.
glosses: To form a border around; to bound.
examples: text: Denmark borders Germany to the south.
glosses: To lie on, or adjacent to, a border of.
examples: text: Connecticut borders on Massachusetts.
glosses: To touch at a border (with on, upon, or with).
examples: text: Wit which borders upon profaneness […]deserves to be branded as folly.
ref: 1671, John Tillotson, “Sermon II. The Folly of Scoffing at Religion. 2 Pet[er] III. 3.”, in The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury: […], London: […] B. Aylmer, […]; [a]nd W. Rogers, […], published 1696, →OCLC:
glosses: To approach; to come near to; to verge (with on or upon).
Derived terms: border on
cross-border
Related terms: board
boarder
bord
bored
dense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɛns/
rhymes: -ɛns
Forms: form: denses
Etymology: From Middle French dense, from Latin dēnsus, from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“thick, dense”) (whence also Ancient Greek δασύς (dasús)).
Senses: glosses: A thicket.
district
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭs′trĭkt
ipa: /ˈdɪstɹɪkt/
rhymes: -ɪstɹɪkt
enpr: dēs′trĭkt
ipa: /ˈdiːstɹɪkt/
Forms: form: districts
Etymology: From French district, from Medieval Latin districtus (“a district within which the lord may distrain, also jurisdiction”), from Latin districtus, past participle of distringere (“to draw asunder, compel, distrain”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringere (“to draw tight, strain”). Doublet of Detroit.
Senses: examples: text: ‘I understand that the district was considered a sort of sanctuary,’ the Chief was saying. ‘An Alsatia like the ancient one behind the Strand, or the Saffron Hill before the First World War.[…]’
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
text: the Soho district of London
glosses: An administrative division of an area.
examples: the Lake District in Cumbria
glosses: An area or region marked by some distinguishing feature.
examples: South Oxfordshire District Council
glosses: An administrative division of a county without the status of a borough.
topics: business
mining
glosses: A specific, usually named area of the coalface where particular seams are worked.
Derived terms: burned-over district
business district
Capital Regional District
central business district
congressional district
district attorney
district cooling
district heating
districthood
District I
District II
District III
District IV
districtlike
district manager
district nurse
District of Columbia
District of Criminals
districtwide
districtwise
Doddington and District
ecodistrict
electoral district
federal district
financial district
gay district
historic district
interdistrict
intradistrict
Lake District
Marbury and District
microdistrict
minidistrict
multidistrict
Northern District
on the district
out-district
Peak District
red-light district
rural district
rural sanitary district
sanitary district
school district
settled district
Shocklach Oviatt and District
Stainland and District
subdistrict
Tattenhall and District
urban district
urban sanitary district
Yeovilton and District
Related terms: districtual
district
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭs′trĭkt
ipa: /ˈdɪstɹɪkt/
rhymes: -ɪstɹɪkt
enpr: dēs′trĭkt
ipa: /ˈdiːstɹɪkt/
Forms: form: districts
form: districting
form: districted
form: districted
Etymology: From French district, from Medieval Latin districtus (“a district within which the lord may distrain, also jurisdiction”), from Latin districtus, past participle of distringere (“to draw asunder, compel, distrain”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringere (“to draw tight, strain”). Doublet of Detroit.
Senses: glosses: To divide into administrative or other districts.
Derived terms: redistrict
district
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭs′trĭkt
ipa: /ˈdɪstɹɪkt/
rhymes: -ɪstɹɪkt
enpr: dēs′trĭkt
ipa: /ˈdiːstɹɪkt/
Forms: form: more district
form: most district
Etymology: From French district, from Medieval Latin districtus (“a district within which the lord may distrain, also jurisdiction”), from Latin districtus, past participle of distringere (“to draw asunder, compel, distrain”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringere (“to draw tight, strain”). Doublet of Detroit.
Senses: examples: text: punishing with the rod of district severity
ref: 1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC:
glosses: rigorous; stringent; harsh
publication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: publications
Etymology: From Middle English publicacioun, from Old French publicacion, from Latin pūblicātiō. By surface analysis, public + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: The publication of these papers was not owing to our folly, but that of others.
ref: 1727, Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, “Preface”, in Miscellanies in Prose:
text: Owing to the time lag which must occur between the dates of closing for press and publication, it sometimes happens that items of news are out of date, or inaccurate, by the time they reach readers.
ref: 1947 January and February, “Notes and News: Steamer Services on the Clyde”, in Railway Magazine, page 50:
glosses: The act of publishing printed or other matter.
glosses: An issue of printed or other matter, offered for sale or distribution.
examples: text: His jealousy ... attends the business, the recreations, the publications, and retirements of every man.
ref: 1651–1653, Jer[emy] Taylor, ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1655, →OCLC:
glosses: The communication of information to the general public etc.
Derived terms: abstract publication
copublication
depublication
e-publication
micropublication
nanopublication
nonpublication
overpublication
postpublication
prepublication
publication bias
republication
salami publication
vertical publication
weblication
supply
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: səplīʹ
ipa: /səˈplaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: supplies
form: supplying
form: supplied
form: supplied
Etymology: From Middle English supplien, borrowed from Old French soupleer, souploier, from Latin suppleo (“to fill up, make full, complete, supply”).
The Middle English spelling was modified to conform to Latin etymology.
Senses: examples: text: to supply money for the war
synonyms: fulfill
glosses: To provide (something), to make (something) available for use.
examples: text: to supply a furnace with fuel; to supply soldiers with ammunition
glosses: To furnish or equip with.
examples: text: Rivers are supplied by smaller streams.
glosses: To fill up, or keep full.
examples: text: It was objected against him that he had never experienced love. Whereupon he arose, left the society, and made it a point not to return to it until he considered that he had supplied the defect.
ref: 1881, Robert Louis Stevenson, Virginibus Puerisque:
glosses: To compensate for, or make up a deficiency of.
examples: text: Burning ships the banished sun supply.
ref: 1666, Edmund Waller, Instructions to a Painter:
text: The sun was set, and Vesper, to supply
 His absent beams, had lighted up the sky.
ref: 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To serve instead of; to take the place of.
glosses: To act as a substitute.
examples: text: to supply a pulpit
glosses: To fill temporarily; to serve as substitute for another in, as a vacant place or office; to occupy; to have possession of.
Synonyms: provision
Derived terms: possession with intent to supply
supplier
supply up
Related terms: suppletion
supply
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: səplīʹ
ipa: /səˈplaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: supplies
Etymology: From Middle English supplien, borrowed from Old French soupleer, souploier, from Latin suppleo (“to fill up, make full, complete, supply”).
The Middle English spelling was modified to conform to Latin etymology.
Senses: examples: text: supply and demand
glosses: The act of supplying.
examples: text: A supply of good drinking water is essential.
text: She said, "China has always had a freshwater supply problem with 20 percent of the world’s population but only 7 percent of its freshwater".
glosses: An amount of something supplied.
glosses: Provisions.
examples: text: to vote supplies
glosses: An amount of money provided, as by Parliament or Congress, to meet the annual national expenditures.
glosses: Somebody, such as a teacher or clergyman, who temporarily fills the place of another; a substitute.
Derived terms: blood supply
bulk supply
confidence and supply
furnish and supply
high on one's own supply
in short supply
line of supply
loss of supply
money supply
narcissistic supply
perfectly elastic supply
perfectly inelastic supply
power supply
price elasticity of supply
self-supply
supply and demand
supply chain
supply chain visibility
supply curve
supply depot
supply line
supply network
supply priest
supply shock
supply-side
supply side
supply-side economics
supply-sider
supply teacher
supply vessel
uninterruptible power supply
water supply
supply
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: səplīʹ
ipa: /səˈplaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
enpr: sŭpʹlē
ipa: /ˈsʌp.li/
enpr: səplīʹ
ipa: /səˈplaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: more supply
form: most supply
form: supplely
Etymology: From supple + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: His voice was playful and full; his back was bent supply.
ref: 1906, Ford Madox Ford, The fifth queen: and how she came to court, page 68:
text: […] the rain struck on her head as she bent supply to the movements of the pony, while it scrambled up the bank to the sheltering trees. For a couple of miles the path ran through woods alive with the varied voices of the rain, […]
ref: 1938, David Leslie Murray, Commander of the mists:
text: She swayed slightly in the gusts, bent supply to them and seemed at one with the force which Straup found so hostile.
ref: 1963, Johanna Moosdorf, Next door:
text: Grigory hesitantly took her in his arms to kiss her, but she held him off, bent supply backwards and shot a frightened glance at the windows.
'They'll see!'
'Let them!'
'I'd be ashamed—'
ref: 1988, Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Шо́лохов (Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov), Quiet flows the Don (translated), volume 1, page 96
glosses: Supplely: in a supple manner, with suppleness.
construction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈstɹʌkʃən/
rhymes: -ʌkʃən
Forms: form: constructions
Etymology: From Middle English construccioun, construction, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere.
Morphologically construct + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: Construction is underway on the new bridge.
glosses: The process of constructing.
examples: text: The engineer marvelled at his construction.
glosses: Anything that has been constructed.
examples: text: He had worked in construction all his life.
glosses: The trade of building structures.
examples: text: The office was a construction of steel and glass.
glosses: A building, model or some other structure.
examples: text: "Construction in string and clockwork" took first prize.
topics: art
arts
glosses: A (usually non-representational) structure, such as a collage etc.
examples: text: A thing of simple construction.
text: Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins like a veteran army that had marched down to drink, only to be stricken motionless at the water’s edge.
ref: 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:
glosses: The manner in which something is built.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A group of words arranged to form a meaningful phrase.
examples: text: American conservatives tend to favor strict construction of the Constitution.
glosses: The act or result of construing the meaning of something.
examples: text: He had considered sending Lucille away to stay with relations. But then people might have put the worst construction on it – might believe she had done something she shouldn't have.
ref: 1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, published 2007, page 95:
glosses: The meaning or interpretation of a text, action etc.; the way something is viewed by an observer or onlooker.
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A geometric figure of arcs and line segments that is drawable with a straightedge and compass.
Synonyms: building
construal
Derived terms: autoconstruction
ba construction
bioconstruction
Cayley-Dickson construction
coconstruction
constructional
construction barrel
construction battalion
construction grammar
construction helmet
constructionism
constructionist
constructionistic
construction paper
construction permit
construction point
construction site
construction soldier
construction unit
construction worker
deconstruction
Kantor-Koecher-Tits construction
loose construction
malconstruction
megaconstruction
metaconstruction
midconstruction
misconstruction
narrow construction
nonconstruction
postconstruction
preconstruction
pregnant construction
reconstruction
rule of strict construction
strict construction
turn construction unit
under construction
visuoconstruction
Wythoff construction
poetaster
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəʊɪtæstə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -æstə(ɹ)
Forms: form: poetasters
Etymology: Learned borrowing from New Latin poētaster. By surface analysis, poet + -aster.
Senses: examples: text: Where the personal feelings were not engaged, it was also an agreeable pastime to follow his destructive feats; see him annihilate a poetaster, or insinuate away the pretensions of a book-wright.
ref: 1853, Henry Theodore Tuckerman, “Mental Portraits; Or, Studies of Character”, in The Reviewer: Lord Jeffrey, page 219:
text: Innumerable poetasters of the early eighteenth century enjoyed fame in their day and some possessed talent; but the obscure and trivial style of the age from which they could not free themselves deprived them of any chance of enduring fame.
ref: 1913, Elijah Clarence Hills, S. Griswold Morley, editors, Modern Spanish Lyrics:
glosses: An unskilled poet.
Derived terms: poetasterism
poetastery
poetastric
poetastrical
Related terms: criticaster
logicaster
mathematicaster
philosophaster
poetastress
politicaster
not in Kansas anymore
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: not in Kansas any more
Etymology: From the film The Wizard of Oz (1939), in which Dorothy states, “Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.”
Senses: examples: text: As soon as I walked into that party I thought, "I'm not in Kansas anymore."
text: John Crosbie? A Tory government? You could be forgiven if your first reaction was the feeling that you weren't in Kansas anymore.
ref: 1986 April, Gerald Hannon, “Leaving Kansas”, in The Body Politic, number 125, Pink Triangle Press, page 8:
text: The police action is rough and raw, like Hill Street Blues. But when a courtroom jury, asked for its verdict, breaks into song, we know we're not in Kansas anymore.
ref: 1990 October 1, “Critics' Voices”, in Time, archived from the original on 05 Mar 2013:
text: C++ meets all three of these classic criteria of object-orientedness, but once you really start to take advantage of them in your programs, you'll find you're definitely not in Kansas anymore.
ref: 1991 July, Ray Duncan, “Power Programming”, in PC Magazine, page 444:
glosses: No longer in quiet and comfortable surroundings.
wikipedia: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
Synonyms: out of one's depth
Related terms: you can't go home again
'n'
Language: English
Part of speech: conj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ən/
ipa: [ən]
ipa: [n̩]
Senses: glosses: Contraction of and; used mainly in a few set phrases such as rock 'n' roll.
Derived terms: dead 'n' buried
death 'n' roll
drag 'n' drop
drill 'n' bass
drum 'n' bass
fish 'n' chips
good 'n' ready
hook 'n' kill
kiss 'n' ride
mac 'n' cheese
mint 'n' chip
mint 'n' choc
mom 'n' pop
park 'n' ride
pick 'n' mix
pork 'n' beans
Posh 'n' Becks
rake 'n' scrape
rock 'n' roll
salt 'n' shake
shake 'n' bake
notice
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnəʊtɪs/
ipa: /ˈnoʊtɪs/
ipa: [ˈnoʊɾɪs]
note: Indic
ipa: /no.ʈis/
rhymes: -əʊtɪs
Forms: form: notices
form: noticing
form: noticed
form: noticed
form: not.
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French notice, from the Latin nōtitia. Doublet of notitia.
Senses: examples: text: Numberless are the arguments […] that men have used morally and physically, to degrade the sex. I must notice a few.
ref: 1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1792, →OCLC:
glosses: To remark upon; to mention.
examples: text: Did you notice the flowers in her yard?
text: So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?
ref: 1991, Gregory Widen, Backdraft:
text: [The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across. Such pits are about the size of a bacterial cell. Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, […].
ref: 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
glosses: To become aware of; to observe.
examples: text: She would notice her; she would improve her; she would detach her from her bad acquaintance, and introduce her into good society; she would form her opinions and her manners.
ref: 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 3, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:
glosses: To lavish attention upon; to treat (someone) favourably.
examples: text: The blackness didn't notice so much when she was born; but it's unmistakeable now.
ref: 1954, Barbara Comyns, Who Was Changed And Who Was Dead, Dorothy, published 2010, page 9:
glosses: To be noticeable; to show.
Synonyms: recognize
Derived terms: noticeability
noticer
unnotice
unnoticed
unnoticing
fault
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːlt/
ipa: /fɒlt/
ipa: /fɔlt/
ipa: /fɑlt/
ipa: [fɒːlt]
rhymes: -ɔːlt
rhymes: -ɒlt
Forms: form: faults
form: faulting
form: faulted
form: faulted
Etymology: From Middle English faute, faulte, from Anglo-Norman faute, Old French faute, from Vulgar Latin *fallita (“shortcoming”), feminine of *fallitus, in place of Latin falsus, perfect passive participle of fallō (“deceive”). Displaced native Middle English schuld, schuild (“fault”) (from Old English scyld (“fault”)), Middle English lac (“fault, lack”) (from Middle Dutch lak (“lack, fault”)), Middle English last (“fault, vice”) (from Old Norse lǫstr (“fault, vice, crime”)). Compare French faute (“fault, foul”), Portuguese falta (“lack, shortage”) and Spanish falta (“lack, absence”). More at fail, false.
Senses: examples: text: For that, says he, I ne'er will fault thee / But for humbleness exalt thee.
ref: a. 1723, unknown author, The Devonshire Nymph:
text: "There will a team over there [he waves towards York's Rail Operating Centre] like flight engineers, maintaining it and faulting it from a ROC rather than a van by the side of the track."
ref: 2024 May 29, Philip Haigh, “The digital revolution and the switch to in-cab signalling”, in RAIL, number 1010, page 29:
glosses: To criticize, blame or find fault with something or someone.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: To fracture.
glosses: To commit a mistake or error.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To undergo a page fault.
Derived terms: faultable
faulter
gentle
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒɛntl̩/
enpr: jĕn′tl
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/
ipa: [ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ɾ̃l̩]
rhymes: -ɛntəl
Forms: form: gentler
form: more gentle
form: gentlest
form: most gentle
Etymology: From Middle English gentil (“courteous, noble”), from Old French gentil (“high-born, noble”), from Latin gentilis (“of the same family or clan”), from gens (“[Roman] clan”). Doublet of gentile, genteel, and jaunty.
Senses: examples: text: Stuart is a gentle man; he would never hurt you.
glosses: Tender and amiable; of a considerate or kindly disposition.
examples: text: I felt something touch my shoulder; it was gentle and a little slimy.
text: Here the stripped panelling was warmly gold and the pictures, mostly of the English school, were mellow and gentle in the afternoon light.
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 3, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
text: Raj took a deep breath, and reached out to give Armitage the gentlest little stroke. “It’s nippy out. Let’s take him inside.”
ref: 2012, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Ratburger, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:
text: As for daytime sun protection, Dr. Bowe said mineral sunscreens made with zinc oxide may be gentler on sensitized skin than chemical formulas.
ref: 2023 December 6, Jessica DeFino, “Too Many Products Can Stress Out Your Skin. Here’s How to Scale Back.”, in The New York Times:
glosses: Soft and mild rather than hard or severe.
examples: text: We had a gentle swim in the lake.
text: a gentle horse
glosses: Docile and easily managed.
examples: text: The walks in this area have a gentle incline.
glosses: Gradual rather than steep or sudden.
examples: text: He gave me a gentle reminder that we had to hurry up.
glosses: Polite and respectful rather than rude.
examples: text: "You are of gentle blood," she said […]
ref: 1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:
text: 1893-1897, Charles Kendall Adams (editor), Johnson's Universal Encyclopedia
British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or simple.
text: the studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their time
ref: [1644], [John Milton], Of Education. To Master Samuel Hartlib, [London: […] Thomas Underhill and/or Thomas Johnson], →OCLC:
glosses: Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble.
Synonyms: word: friendly
word: kind
word: polite
word: respectful
Derived terms: flower-gentle
gentilly
gentle and simple
gentle as a lamb
gentlebeing
gentle craft
gentlefolk
gentlefolks
gentle giant
gentlegirl
gentle-handed
gentlehearted
gentle-hearted
gentle-heartedly
gentle-heartedness
gentlehood
gentleman
gentle murder paradox
gentleness
gentle nor simple
gentle or simple
gentle sex
gentleship
gentlesome
gentlethem
gentlewoman
gently
go gentle into that good night
overgentle
tercel gentle
ungentle
gentle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒɛntl̩/
enpr: jĕn′tl
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/
ipa: [ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ɾ̃l̩]
rhymes: -ɛntəl
Forms: form: gentles
form: gentling
form: gentled
form: gentled
Etymology: From Middle English gentil (“courteous, noble”), from Old French gentil (“high-born, noble”), from Latin gentilis (“of the same family or clan”), from gens (“[Roman] clan”). Doublet of gentile, genteel, and jaunty.
Senses: examples: text: “She's experienced a horrific and nasty scare and is in a state of shock, but otherwise she's relatively okay.” Conrad replied, his tone at first grim (as he recalled what he'd seen in the family room) and then it gentled to a more doctorial tone as he directed his next comments to his patient.
ref: 2013, Kathryn L.M. Reynolds, Garland Roses, Kathryn L.M. Reynolds, →ISBN, page 226:
glosses: To become gentle.
examples: text: […] For he to-day that sheds his blood with me / Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, / This day shall gentle his condition […]
ref: c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
glosses: To ennoble.
examples: text: Yakima could have tried to catch him, gentle him as Wolf had been gentled, but having two stallions in his cavvy would lead to a different kind of trouble.
ref: 2008, Frank Leslie, The Killing Breed, Penguin, →ISBN:
qualifier: animal husbandry
glosses: To break; to tame; to domesticate.
examples: text: A hornist, his playing gentled by perspective, is out of sight within the woods, but his notes are heard through or over the murmuring mix of bird song and breeze in leaves.
ref: 1996, William C. Loring, An American Romantic-realist Abroad: Templeton Strong and His Music, Scarecrow Press, →ISBN, page 201:
glosses: To soothe; to calm; to make gentle.
gentle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒɛntl̩/
enpr: jĕn′tl
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/
ipa: [ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ɾ̃l̩]
rhymes: -ɛntəl
Forms: form: gentles
Etymology: From Middle English gentil (“courteous, noble”), from Old French gentil (“high-born, noble”), from Latin gentilis (“of the same family or clan”), from gens (“[Roman] clan”). Doublet of gentile, genteel, and jaunty.
Senses: examples: text: Gentles, methinks you frown.
ref: c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
text: While actual medieval societies were full of lots of peasants and a few rich and noble gentles, SCA personas tend to be nobles rather than commoners.
ref: 2012, Lizzie Stark, Leaving Mundania: Inside the Transformative World of Live Action Role-Playing Games, Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, page 43:
glosses: A person of high birth.
examples: text: Pooh! the whole thing is as alive and wrigging as an angler's box of gentles
ref: 1846, Douglas William Jerrold, “The History of St. Giles and St. James”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
text: Years ago, on Victoria's Port Phillip Bay, the recognised bait for garfish were `gentles', a genteel word for maggots, which were especially grown for gar fishermen.
ref: 1983, The Fisherman Who Laughed, page 67:
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: A maggot used as bait by anglers.
glosses: A trained falcon, or falcon-gentil.
hoon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /huːn/
ipa: /hun/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: hoons
Etymology: Uncertain; used initially as a general term of abuse. It first appeared in print in Capricornia (1938) by Australian writer Xavier Herbert (1901–1984); in a 1941 letter Herbert stated he had heard the term in his youth.
Senses: examples: text: 'You flash hoon,' he went on, 'Kiddin' you're white, eh?[…].'
ref: 1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia: A Novel, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, →OCLC:
glosses: A worthless person; a hooligan or lout.
examples: text: When the girls were sick, the hoons would beat the shit out of them and put them back on the street.
ref: 2009, Adam Shand, The Skull: Informers, Hit Men and Australia's Toughest Cop, Melbourne: Black Inc., ISBN 978-1-86395-438-9; republished Melbourne, Black Inc., 2010, ISBN 978-1-86395-482-2, page 85
glosses: A pimp.
examples: text: Police have impounded an average of 10 cars a day since hoon laws were introduced by the State Government in June 2006. Hoon related offences include burnouts, doughnuts, drag racing, repeated driving while disqualified and high-level speeding. Offences are detailed in section 84C of the Road Safety Act 1986.
ref: 2008 July 30, “Hoon Laws”, in Victoria Police, archived from the original on 15 May 2009:
text: The hoons piled out of the wreck brimming with righteous road rage, and were settling to the task of beating the shit out of Wozza, Mutton and the hapless wheelman when they discovered the plastic bag.
ref: 2009, Damien Broderick, Rory Barnes, I'm Dying Here: A Comedy of Bad Manners, New York, N.Y.: Point Blank, →ISBN, page 29:
text: [T]here is an overwhelming sense of youth as a social group with nowhere to go and nothing to do. […] Predictably, this has produced a series of strategies among young people through which to counter the boredom and frustration they often experience. One of the more spectacular – and illegal – examples of this is "hooning" (a localized term for dangerous driving) by young males. […] [H]oons transform the quiet, often sleepy streets of neighborhoods on the Gold Coast into playscapes of their own. […] Equally salient in the context of the present discussion is the random night-time appropriation by hoons of particular streets and neighborhoods on the Gold Coast in which to enact the collective rituals that give the hoon culture both internal cohesion and local notoriety.
ref: 2012, Sarah Baker, Andy Bennett, Patricia Wise, “Living ‘The Strip’: Negotiating Neighborhood, Community, and Identity on Australia's Gold Coast”, in Chris Richardson, Hans A[rthur] Skott-Myhre, editors, Habitus of the Hood, Bristol; Chicago, Ill.: Intellect, →ISBN, pages 109–110:
glosses: A person who drives excessively quickly, loudly or irresponsibly; a street drag racer often driving heavily customized cars.
examples: text: The stars of Happytime Murders give Kiwi slang a hoon
ref: 2018 August 28, “stars give kiwi slang a hoon”, in The Rock (radio station):
text: Havin' a hoon on TVNZ's new OnDemand platform
ref: 2015 February 13, “TVNZ OnDemand platform”, in TVNZ Ondemand:
glosses: An attempt or go at something.
Derived terms: hoonish
hoon
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /huːn/
ipa: /hun/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: hoons
form: hooning
form: hooned
form: hooned
Etymology: Uncertain; used initially as a general term of abuse. It first appeared in print in Capricornia (1938) by Australian writer Xavier Herbert (1901–1984); in a 1941 letter Herbert stated he had heard the term in his youth.
Senses: examples: text: […] you've hooned off – it's fair to say hooned off – at quite a high speed.
ref: 2003, Western Australian Reports: Authorized Law Reports of the Supreme Court of Western Australia, volume 28, Sydney: Published for the Council of Law Reporting of Western Australia by Butterworths, →ISSN, page 249:
text: Cruising, hooning and street machining all involve the social use of public space where young people can exert agency by independently engaging with their surroundings. Young people use public space to meet their needs, and not always in the way a specific space was designed for. One example is that an industrial area may be used as a prime site for hooning and street racers to congregate because it is less frequently under the gaze of authorities.
ref: 2012, Rob White, “The Making, Shaking and Taking of Public Spaces”, in Carol Jones, Elaine Barclay, Rob [I.] Mawby, editors, The Problem of Pleasure: Leisure, Tourism and Crime, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:
text: Any Smokey in his Pig-pen within fifty kilometres had hooned up and down the streets towards the chase, sirens and tyres screaming, whether they could get into the actual pursuit or not, and all the criminals were glued to their TV's for the endless repeats of the demise of the gunmen in a mid-air ball of fire, […]
ref: 2015 November 20, Jim Ore, Crime is Everywhere (Solaris Saga; 4), Worcestershire: C. Bosley Publishing, →ISBN, page 244:
synonyms: hoon it
glosses: To drive excessively quickly, loudly or irresponsibly.
Derived terms: hoonigan
hoon
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /huːn/
ipa: /hun/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: hoons
form: hooning
form: hooned
form: hooned
Etymology: Unknown; perhaps imitative.
Senses: examples: text: All this time, every night, and sometimes most of each night, the hooning whistling of the Room was intolerable. It was as if an intelligence there knew that steps were being taken against it, and piped and hooned in a sort of mad, mocking contempt.
ref: 1910, William Hope Hodgson, “The Whistling Room”, in The Idler: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, London: Chatto & Windus, OCLC 34617117, page 606; republished in Carnacki the Ghost-Finder, London: Eveleigh Nash, 1913, OCLC 13117415
text: Black flashing storms, the lowings and bellowings of the old sanded forest, the whistling and hooning of nameless birds, the lonesome moons, the weird fifteen-foot stone dwellers of the Old Priory, soft grassy slopes on which lovers lay, […]
ref: 1966, Christina Stead, Dark Places of the Heart, New York, N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, →OCLC, page 278:
text: Zeven let loose a hooning howl of approval.
ref: 2012, Traci Harding, The Light-Field (Triad of Being; book 3), Sydney: HarperCollins, →ISBN:
glosses: To make a hooting or howling sound.
hoon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /huːn/
ipa: /hun/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: hoons
Etymology: Borrowed from Hokkien 分 (hun). Doublet of fen and fan.
Senses: examples: text: This abovementioned Chandoo or prepared opium for smoking is retailed by them [the East India Company] at 5 pice per hoon, equal to 8000 Spanish dollars per chest, and on the opposite or Queda shore the hoon is sold at 6 pice or 9,600 dollars, […]
ref: 1838, N[athaniel] Wallich, “XVII.—A Few Brief Notices on the State of the Population of Prince of Wales' Island, and of the Price at which Opium is Retailed in that Colony”, in Transactions of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India, volume I, Calcutta: Re-printed at the Baptist Mission Press, Circular Road, →OCLC, page 57:
text: Visited in company with the agent of the Opium farmer 4 Opium shops, found them filled with Chinese except one which had in addition 7 Malays and natives of India. Amongst these were 3 tailors; one woman 30 years old, was there smoking her pipe,—she had been in the habit of doing so for 3 years at the rate of 3 hoons daily,—before she commenced the habit of smoking had children but none since,—thinks that it is owing to the bad habit,—would like much to give up but is frightened.
ref: 1848 January, R. Little, “On the Habitual Use of Opium in Singapore”, in J[ames] R[ichardson] Logan, editor, The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, volume II, number I, Singapore: Printed at the Mission Press, →OCLC, page 23:
text: Examined thirty-one men. Their average consumption was six hoons. The greatest daily consumption by one man was fifteen hoons; the smallest, two. The average number of years they had been addicted to the smoking of opium was seven years and some odd months.
ref: 1860, A chaplain in H. M. Indian Service [pseudonym; James Aberigh Mackay], “An Explanation of the Peiho Massacre”, in From London to Lucknow: With Memoranda of Mutinies, Marches, Flights, Fights, and Conversations. To which is Added, An Opium-smuggler's Explanation of the Peiho Massacre. By a Chaplain in H. M. Indian Service. In Two Volumes, volume II, London: James Nisbet & Co., 21 Berners Street, →OCLC, page 553:
text: Chinese Catty = 1.33 lb (605 g) / = 16 Tahil (liang or tael). / 1 Tahil = 10 Chee (chandu measures) / = 100 Hoon (fen).
ref: 1999, Carl A. Trocki, “Weights and Measures”, in Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade 1750–1950, Abingdon, Oxon.; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page x:
text: The average smoker used only four hoons, leaving him 36 hoons, nearly half an ounce, to sell on the black market.
ref: 2005, Derek Mackay, “Retail Monopoly”, in Eastern Customs: The Customs Service in British Malaya and the Hunt for Opium, London: The Radcliffe Press, →ISBN, page 141:
glosses: A unit of weight (about 0.378125 of a gram, or 0.0133 of an ounce) used to measure opium in British-controlled parts of Asia; a candareen.
hoon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /huːn/
ipa: /hun/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: hoons
form: hon
form: hun
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi हून (hūn, “pagoda, a gold coin of Southern India”), from Sanskrit हून (hūna, “a kind of gold coin from a particular kingdom”).
Senses: examples: text: The plaintiff in his plaint states, that the first and second defendants' elder brother, Soobbiya Shetty, on the 8th Ashweeja Bahoola of the year Veya, mortgaged to him, for 2½ hoons, his two slaves, viz. a female Dher, named Honnoo, and a male Pardeshey, together with their offspring, and made them over to him; that while they were in his possession, Soobba Shetty died, and the first and the second defendants succeeding to his (Soobba Shetty's) property, they further executed a document to him for hoons 4-8-12, on account of a balance against themselves of rice, &c., making a total mortgage on the slaves of hoons 7-3-12.
ref: 1835 July 29, “Decree Passed by the Barcoor Moonsif, in Original Cause, No. 126 of 1835, on the 29th July 1835: Hossamunay Manddawanna Shetty, residing in the Hondady Village, and Brumawhar Mogany, in the Barcoor Talook, versus Sheevy Shetty, his younger brother, Honniya, both nephews of Hossamunay Pomma Shetty, and younger brothers of Soobbiya Shetty, residing in the said Hondady Village, and Bennaycoodra Krooshna Shetty”, in Slavery (East Indies). Return to an Order of the Honourable The House of Commons Dated 22 April 1841;—for, Copy of the Despatch from the Governor-General of India in Council to the Court of Directors of the East India Company, Dated the 8th Day of February 1841 (No. 3), with the Report from the Indian Law Commissioners, dated the 15th Day of January 1841, and its Appendix Enclosed in that Despatch, on the Subject of Slavery in the East Indies, [London]: Ordered, by the House of Commons, to be printed, published 26 April 1841, →OCLC, appendix IX, page 505:
glosses: A pagoda, a type of gold coin.
Related terms: bee hoon
mee hoon
hyper-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhaɪpə/
ipa: /ˈhaɪpəɹ/
ipa: /ˈhaɪpəɹ/
ipa: [ˈhʌɪpɚ]
ipa: /ˈhɑɪpə/
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”) (English over), from *upo (“under, below”) (whence English up). Doublet of over-, super-, sur-, and uber-.
Senses: glosses: Forms augmentative forms of the root word.
over, above
glosses: Forms augmentative forms of the root word.
much, more than normal
examples: hyper- → hyperactive
glosses: Forms augmentative forms of the root word.
excessive
glosses: Forms augmentative forms of the root word.
intensely, extremely, exceptional
glosses: Forms augmentative forms of the root word.
big, huge, giant
examples: hyper- → hypersonic
glosses: Used to create forms that are found beyond the root.
beyond
examples: hyper- → hyperspace
topics: mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
sciences
glosses: Used to create forms that are found beyond the root.
existing in more than three spatial dimensions
examples: hyper- → hypertext
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Used to create forms that are found beyond the root.
linked non-sequentially
Synonyms: sense: above
word: on-
sense: above
word: en-
sense: above
word: epi-
sense: above
word: super-
sense: above
word: supra-
sense: above
word: sur-
sense: beyond
word: trans-
sense: beyond
word: para-
sense: beyond
word: ultra-
sense: beyond
word: out-
sense: beyond
word: extra-
sense: beyond
word: preter-
word: over-
word: ultra-
word: ana-
word: super-
word: supra-
word: ultra-
word: uber-
word: macro-
word: arch-
word: over-
word: mega-
word: maxi-
word: giga-
word: -zilla
word: grand
Derived terms: hyper
Katyusha
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -uːʃə
Forms: form: Katyushas
form: katyusha
form: Katiusha
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian and Ukrainian Катю́ша (Katjúša) diminutive of Ка́тя (Kátja, “Katya”), in turn diminutive of Екатери́на (Jekaterína, “Katherine”), named after a popular wartime song.
Senses: glosses: A transliteration of the Russian or Ukrainian female given name Катюша (Katjuša)
examples: text: The Russian Katyusha is a multiple rocket thrower of which nothing is known except what can be seen on released photographs.
ref: 1944, Willy Ley, Rockets: The Future of Travel Beyond the Stratosphere, Viking Press, page 77:
synonyms: multiple rocket launcher
Grad
Stalin's organ
glosses: A type of artillery rocket launcher consisting of an array of rockets mounted on a truck, originated in the Soviet Union.
examples: text: The development of these projectors was spurred During World War II, the Soviet Union fired Katyusha rockets from the ground or truck mounted racks. The standard Katyushas were 6 feet long, weighed 92.5 pounds, and had a range of 3 miles.
ref: 1966, Wernher Von Braun, Frederick Ira Ordway, History of Rocketry & Space Travel, Crowell, page 88:
text: A curfew was clamped down on December 21 upon the Arab village of Battir, south of Jerusalem, near where security forces on December 20 found the rocket launchers from which two Katyushas were earlier fired into a Jerusalem residential area.
ref: 1970, Muʼassasat al-Dirāsāt al-Filasṭīnīyah, The Arabs under Israeli occupation, Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, p 24
synonyms: Grad
glosses: A type of rocket which can be launched from a Katyusha.
Panzer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Panzers
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of panzer.
girt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɜːt/
ipa: /ɡɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
homophone: gurt
homophone: gert
Forms: form: girts
Etymology: Alteration of girth (“belt, circumference, brace”).
Senses: examples: text: There are various ways of tying rafters to sidewalls, and the choices may vary depending on roof pitch. One of the most common is the use of “birdsmouths” cut into the rafter. A notch is cut into the rafter so that the rafter bears down flat upon the doubled top plate of stick framing, or upon the girt in heavy timber framing.
ref: 2013, Rob Roy, “Basic Timber Frame Structure”, in Timber Framing for the Rest of Us: A Guide to Contemporary Post and Beam Construction, Gabriola Island, B.C.: New Society Publishers, →ISBN:
glosses: A horizontal structural member of post and beam architecture, typically attached to bridge two or more vertical members such as corner posts.
Related terms: girder
girt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɜːt/
ipa: /ɡɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
homophone: gurt
homophone: gert
Forms: form: girts
form: girting
form: girted
form: girted
Etymology: From Middle English girten (“gird, encircle”).
Senses: glosses: To gird.
glosses: To bind horizontally, as with a belt or girdle.
glosses: To measure the girth of.
Derived terms: engirt
seagirt
ungirt
girt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɜːt/
ipa: /ɡɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
homophone: gurt
homophone: gert
Senses: examples: text: Eighty Poles, each of one Foot high, were erected for this purpoſe, and very ſtrong Cords of the bigneſs of Packthread were faſtned by Hooks to many Bandages, which the Workmen had girt round my Neck, my Hands, my Body, and my Legs.
ref: 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Gives Some Account of Himself and Family, His First Inducements to Travel. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), page 20:
glosses: simple past and past participle of gird
girt
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɜːt/
ipa: /ɡɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
homophone: gurt
homophone: gert
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Bound by a cable; used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide.
girt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɜːt/
ipa: /ɡɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
homophone: gurt
homophone: gert
Forms: form: girts
form: girting
form: girted
form: girted
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: to capsize because of forces in the cable attaching it to another vessel.
girt
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɜːt/
ipa: /ɡɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
homophone: gurt
homophone: gert
Etymology: From Middle English girt, gert, a metathetic variant of gret (“great”). More at great.
Senses: qualifier: rural dialect
glosses: Alternative spelling of gurt in the sense 'great'.
Panzerfaust
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Panzerfausts
form: panzerfaust
Etymology: From German Panzerfaust.
Senses: examples: text: Apparently the air raid had caught the Volkssturm soldier in the village as he was transporting a supply of six panzerfausts in a handcart to another unit. Klemment wished he would hand over the panzerfausts to them, because he knew the Americans had tanks, and Klemment's unit had nothing in their arsenal to stop the metal monsters.
ref: 2014, Leo Barron, Patton at the Battle of the Bulge, Penguin, →ISBN:
glosses: A light, single-shot anti-tank grenade launcher developed in Germany in the latter stages of the Second World War.
purlin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: [ˈpɜːɹlɪn]
Forms: form: purlins
form: purline
Etymology: Uncertain. Information on the etymology is scant at best. According to Websters it comes from 15th-century English. According to the Oxford Concise Dictionary, it is "Middle English, perhaps of French origin". Other sources reference Middle English or 15th-century English.
Senses: examples: text: The loft was broad and high, with splendid rough-cut oak purlins and three large Veluxes.
ref: 2018, R. S. Holt, Modern Magic: Stories of the Overbury Shops:
glosses: A longitudinal structural member bridging two or more rafters of a roof.
Hyponyms: sense: longitudinal structural member of a roof
word: purlin plate
sense: longitudinal structural member of a roof
word: principal purlin
sense: longitudinal structural member of a roof
word: common purlin
Derived terms: back through purlin
butt purlin
clasped purlin
clasped through purlin
common purlin
principal purlin
purlin plate
staggared butt purlin
tenoned butt purlin
threaded butt purlin
through purlin
trenched through purlin
Kessel
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Kessels
form: Kessell
Senses: glosses: A surname.
glosses: A placename
glosses: A placename
An unincorporated community in Hardy, West Virginia, United States.
Related terms: Castle
SMERSH
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian СМЕРШ (SMJeRŠ), an acronym of «Смерть шпионам!» («Smertʹ špionam!», “Death to spies!”).
Senses: glosses: Counter-intelligence organisation attached to Russian army units during World War II.
freezer burn
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: freezer burns
Etymology: The term first appears c. 1929 in the scientific journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.
Senses: glosses: A condition that occurs when frozen food has been damaged by dehydration and oxidation due to air reaching the food.
wikipedia: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research