cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
iconophile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: iconophiles
Etymology: From icono- + -phile.
Senses: glosses: A person who loves icons, illustrations, pictures.
Related terms: iconophilism
iconophilist
iconophily
philocrat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: philocrats
Etymology: From philo- + -crat.
Senses: glosses: A person who believes in the power of love, in governance by love.
personalism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: personalisms
Etymology: From personal + -ism.
Senses: glosses: The character of being personal.
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A doctrine of subjective idealism that regards personality as the means of interpreting reality.
perspectivism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: perspectivisms
Etymology: From perspective + -ism.
Senses: glosses: The philosophical view that all perception always takes place from a specific perspective.
Derived terms: multiperspectivism
triperspectivism
wedgie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛdʒ.i/
rhymes: -ɛdʒi
Forms: form: wedgies
Etymology: From wedge + -ie.
Senses: examples: text: Her brown wedgies squeaked with discount price defiance, as she walked redly and pinkly along the broken brick sidewalk.
ref: 1963 (date written), John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces, London: Penguin Books, published 1980 (1981 printing), →ISBN:
glosses: A wedge-heeled shoe.
examples: text: If the strippers learn that there is a bachelor party, they will often call the groom onstage and publicly embarrass him. They may tie him up, whip him, tease him, give him a wedgie, cover him in whipped cream, beat his ass with a belt, put a dog collar on him, walk him around the stage like a dog, and/or humiliate him with whatever objects are at their disposal.
ref: 2003, James Oliver Cury, The Playboy Guide to Bachelor Parties: Everything You Need to Know About Planning the Groom's Rite of Passage-From Simple to Sinful, page 228:
text: When Laura tells Bart that she can teach him to dance, Bart and Laura are suddenly transformed into Astaire and Rogers in a black-and-white fantasy sequence before Bart’s reverie is abruptly ended when Laura reverts back to bratty tomboy form and gives him a wedgie.
ref: 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: A prank in which a person's underpants are pulled up sharply from behind in order to wedge the clothing uncomfortably between the person's buttocks.
examples: text: I thought, maybe she had an uncomfortable wedgie or something and was trying to work that out. I looked away thinking how embarrassing it must be especially with people staring.
ref: 2012, Beverly Rivers, The Metamorphosis of Princess Kizziemae, page 38:
glosses: A situation where a person's underpants are stuck uncomfortably between their buttocks.
topics: ball-games
basketball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A basketball stuck between the rim and the backboard following a field goal, free throw, rebound, or block attempt.
examples: text: The white-bellied sea eagle is almost as big as a wedgie and handsomely marked in grey and white.
ref: 2003, Susannah Farfor, David Andrew, Hugh Finlay, Northern Territory, page 27:
text: Well over a century later the ‘wedgie’ continues to be persecuted, with some rural Tasmanians taking a gun to it when they can.
ref: 2024, David Owen, David Pemberton, Tasmanian Devil, Allen & Unwin, page 58:
glosses: A wedge-tailed eagle.
Synonyms: sense: prank
word: snuggie
Derived terms: atomic wedgie
frontal wedgie
Related terms: melvin
wedgie
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛdʒ.i/
rhymes: -ɛdʒi
Forms: form: wedgies
form: wedgying
form: wedgied
form: wedgied
Etymology: From wedge + -ie.
Senses: examples: text: Last year's juniors had wedgied last year's freshmen, and then each freshman victim had happily joined the patrol, its aficionados claimed.
ref: 1989, Michael Moffatt, Coming of Age in New Jersey, page 86:
glosses: To play the wedgie prank on.
mai
Language: English
Part of speech: det
Senses: topics: anime
broadcasting
comics
film
lifestyle
literature
manga
media
publishing
television
glosses: Alternative form of my (used in the expressions mai waifu and mai husbando)
Related terms: mai-baap
mai fun
mai tai
mai tu liao
siu mai
yellow mai
stalling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of stall
stalling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stallings
Senses: examples: text: repeated stallings of the car engine
glosses: The act of a person or thing that stalls.
examples: text: But hire us some fair chamber for the night, / And stalling for the horses, and return / With victual for these men, and let us know.
ref: 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Enid”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 58:
glosses: Stabling.
Derived terms: shock stalling
partay
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɑɹˈteɪ/
ipa: [ˌpʰɑɹˈtʰeɪ̯]
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: partays
Etymology: Alteration of party.
Senses: glosses: A party (organised gathering of people for dancing and having fun).
partay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɑɹˈteɪ/
ipa: [ˌpʰɑɹˈtʰeɪ̯]
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: partays
form: partaying
form: partayed
form: partayed
Etymology: Alteration of party.
Senses: glosses: To party (have a party, enjoy oneself).
ASIC
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪ.sɪk/
Forms: form: ASICs
Senses: topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Acronym of application-specific integrated circuit.
Coordinate terms: topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: FPGA
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: PLA
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: PAL
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: PIC
Related terms: topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: VHSIC
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: HSIC
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: IC
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: ULSI
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: VLSI
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: LSI
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: MSI
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: SSI
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: CPU
topics: electronics
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: DSP
ASIC
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪ.sɪk/
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A computer programming language related to BASIC.
claree
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: clarree
form: clarrey
Senses: examples: text: I drink but two thirds of a pint in the whole day, which is less than the soberest of my countrymen drink of claree at every meal.
ref: 1762 November 13, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Letter CCCLXIII, written from Bath, quoted in 1787, Letters Written by the Late Right Honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope, volume 4, edition 9, page 182
text: At this hour of the morning she drank either ypocras or claree.
ref: 2003, Peter Ackroyd, The Clerkenwell Tales, page 3:
glosses: A drink made of wine, honey, and spices.
paddle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpædl̩/
ipa: [ˈpʰæ.ɾɫ̩]
rhymes: -ædəl
Forms: form: paddles
form: paddling
form: paddled
form: paddled
form: paidle
Etymology: Partly from the verb paddle ("to splash, dabble"; see below) and partly from Middle English padell (“small spade”).
Middle English padell is from Medieval Latin padela, itself of uncertain origin: perhaps an alteration of Middle English *spaddle (see also spaddle), a diminutive of spade; or from Latin patella (“pan, plate”), the diminutive of patina, or a merger of the two. Compare Ancient Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder, steering oar”), derived from πηδόν (pēdón, “the blade of an oar; an oar”).
Senses: examples: text: as the Men were Paddling for their Lives
ref: 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC:
text: while paddling ducks the standing lake desire
ref: 1714, J[ohn] Gay, “(please specify the page number(s))”, in The Shepherd’s Week. In Six Pastorals, London: […] R. Burleigh […], →OCLC:
text: Daytimes we paddled all over the island in the canoe[…]
ref: 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter IX, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To propel something through water with a paddle, oar, hands, etc.
glosses: To row a boat with less than one's full capacity.
examples: text: Do you think we'll get paddled? They can't paddle me! I'm a girl!!
ref: 1986 January 15, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes (comic):
glosses: To spank with a paddle.
examples: text: to be paddling palms and pinching fingers.
ref: c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
glosses: To pat or stroke amorously or gently.
glosses: To tread upon; to trample.
Derived terms: backpaddle
knee-paddle
mispaddle
paddleable
paddle one's own canoe
paddling pool
paddle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpædl̩/
ipa: [ˈpʰæ.ɾɫ̩]
rhymes: -ædəl
Forms: form: paddles
form: paddling
form: paddled
form: paddled
Etymology: Recorded since 1530, probably cognate with Low German paddeln (“to tramp about”), frequentative form of padjen (“to tramp, run in short steps”), from pad (also in Dutch dialects). Compare also Saterland Frisian paddelje (“to paddle”).
Senses: glosses: To walk or dabble playfully in shallow water, especially at the seaside.
glosses: To dog paddle in water.
examples: text: […] little feet paddling round and about a man's bed and following wherever he went.
ref: 1889, J. H. Riddell, A Terrible Vengeance:
glosses: To toddle.
glosses: To toy or caress using hands or fingers.
Phillips screwdriver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Phillips screwdrivers
form: philips screwdriver
form: phillips screwdriver
Etymology: From Henry F. Phillips, the name of the inventor of the tool and the screws that it is designed to work with, and screwdriver.
Senses: hypernyms: screwdriver
<
driver#Noun
<
tool#Noun
coordinate_terms: flat-blade screwdriver
flathead screwdriver
glosses: A screwdriver having a cross-shaped tip.
Related terms: phillips head
Phillips head
phillips head screwdriver
Phillips head screwdriver
phillips-head
Phillips-head
phillips-head screwdriver
Phillips-head screwdriver
Christocentric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Christocentric
form: most Christocentric
Etymology: From Christo- + -centric.
Senses: examples: text: De Profundis is full of religiosity, whether it be Christocentric aesthetics, moral injunction, or just the usual self-castigation/reformation stuff of the Born Again variety.
ref: 1979 April 28, Gerry McNamara, “Life for Art's Sake”, in Gay Community News, page 17:
topics: Christianity
glosses: Concentrating on the teaching of Jesus Christ.
Related terms: Christcentric
Christocentricism
Christocentrism
glottogony
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡlɒˈtɒɡəni/
ipa: /ɡləˈtɒɡəni/
Etymology: From glotto- + -gony.
Senses: glosses: The genesis of language, i. e. the emergence of a system of verbal communication from proto-linguistic or non-linguistic means of communication.
examples: text: The origin of words is a question that now falls within the chapter of “glottogony”, resurrected after decades of inactivity. There are now quite a few glottogonic theories, some of which are also concerned with the origin of words as, for example, the one that argues that original words are connected with phonosymbolism, […]
ref: 1995, Werner Winter, editor, On Languages and Language […] , Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 19:
text: The topic of glottogony has long been a taboo in linguistics, for the very good reason that it attracts boundless speculation: when Darwinism was freshly en vogue in the 1860s, linguistic debate was inundated with such proposals to the point where, in 1866, the Linguistic Society of Paris banned the entire topic as a hopeless exercise […]
ref: 2020, Philipp Roelli, editor, Handbook of Stemmatology […] , Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN:
glosses: The study of language origins.
Derived terms: glottogonic
glottogonist
Related terms: glottogenetic
glottogenesis
cosmogony
bombshell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bombshells
Etymology: From bomb + shell.
Senses: synonyms: bomb[Appendix:Glossary#historical|historical]] sense>
glosses: Any grenade, mortar shell, or artillery shell (hollow metal object) containing a charge that can explode.
examples: text: Singer and Jeffreys had focused their attention on cancer risk, but the bombshell of the report was the danger to children.
ref: 2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 5, in Merchants of Doubt:
text: U.S. President Donald Trump’s bombshell proposal to take over the Gaza Strip and relocate its Palestinian inhabitants has made the forced transfer of populations – a war crime – a policy discussion, galvanizing Arab states.
ref: 2025 February 6, Taylor Luck, Ghada Abdulfattah, “How Trump’s proposed plan for Gaza has united an outraged Arab world”, in The Christian Science Monitor:
glosses: Something that is very surprising, shocking, amazing or sensational.
examples: text: Diana Dors, the 1950s blonde bombshell
text: The singer once identified by her shock of green hair has gone blonde and full bombshell, swapping her trademark sweats for a style more domme than deb: pink Gucci corset and skirt over Agent Provocateur skivvies, accessorized with latex gloves and leggings.
ref: 2021 May 4, Ruth La Ferla, “On That Bombshell Billie Eilish Cover for British Vogue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Someone who is very attractive; a sex symbol.
Derived terms: blonde bombshell
drop a bombshell
viral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: vī′rəl
ipa: /ˈvaɪɹəl/
rhymes: -aɪɹəl
Etymology: From virus + -al.
Senses: examples: text: viral DNA
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
virology
glosses: Of or relating to a biological virus.
examples: text: viral infection
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
virology
glosses: Caused by a virus.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Of the nature of an informatic virus; able to spread copies of itself to other computers.
examples: text: “Efficient way to disseminate information? I don't think.”
“But it is,” Cayce insists. “The model's viral. ‘Deep niche.’ The venues would be carefully selected—”
ref: 2003, William Gibson, Pattern Recognition (Bigend cycle; book 1), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 85:
text: Still, the movie [Ralph Breaks the Internet] manages to locate some gentle satire in our culture's love-hate relationship with the internet. At one point, Ralph must attain a certain level of viral popularity, assisted by the BuzzFeed-esque content guru Yesss (Taraji P. Henson), and the movie is savvy about how accidental spikes in fame can turn into cynical algorithm manipulation.
ref: 2018 November 14, Jesse Hassenger, “Disney Goes Viral with an Ambitious, Overstuffed Wreck-It Ralph Sequel”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 21 Nov 2019:
topics: advertising
business
marketing
glosses: Spread by word of mouth with minimal intervention, in order to create buzz and interest.
examples: text: With some minutes to kill, he checks the headlines on his phone. Yet again, something dreadful and new which he doesn't understand is going viral. Today's fad is, you paint a black vertical rectangle on the wall, or on a mirror, or over the top of a picture. And then you chant something.
ref: 2019 April 10, qntm, “CASE HATE RED”, in There Is No Antimemetics Division, →ISBN, page 135:
text: The end game of that is the GoFundMe link posted beneath a viral tweet so they can pay for their health care. Being an influencer sounds fun until it’s ‘keep producing viral content to literally stay alive.’
ref: 2021 March 24, Charlie Warzel, quoting Anil Dash, “What Are You Paying for When You Buy a GIF for $25,000?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
qualifier: social media
glosses: Circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another.
Synonyms: word: virous
Derived terms: adenoviral
alphacoronaviral
antiviral
anti-viral
astroviral
betacoronaviral
bovine viral diarrhea
bovine viral diarrhoea
cardioviral
coronaviral
cryptoviral
endogenous viral element
enteroviral
extraviral
gammacoronaviral
go viral
haloviral
herpesviral
interviral
intraviral
lipoviral
megaviral
micro-viral
microviral
multiviral
mycoviral
myoviral
myxoviral
neuroviral
nonviral
oncoviral
panviral
phleboviral
phycoviral
phytoviral
postviral
poxviral
previral
proviral
pseudoviral
retroviral
riboviral
semiviral
subviral
superviral
viral envelope
virality
viral load
virally
viral marketing
viral media
viralness
viral sex
viral vector
viral
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: vī′rəl
ipa: /ˈvaɪɹəl/
rhymes: -aɪɹəl
Forms: form: virals
Etymology: From virus + -al.
Senses: examples: 2002, Nik Lever, Flash Mx Games: ActionScript for Artists, Focal Press, page 411,
Using the Flash ActiveX control in this way allows you as a developer to create desktop characters, email virals and screensavers.
2003, Dave Chaffey, Total E-Mail Marketing, Elsevier, page 2,
[M]ost virals are not seen as profiling and data collection exercises, since that would kill the impulse of forwarding to a friend.
2005, Russell Evans, Practical DV Filmmaking, Focal Press, page 289,
Music company virals are becoming commonplace as costs of promos force labels to reconsider how to target more directly to consumers.
topics: business
marketing
glosses: A video, image or text spread by "word of mouth" on the internet or by e-mail for humorous, political or marketing purposes.
caustic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: kôs'tĭk
enpr: kŏs'tĭk
ipa: /ˈkɔːstɪk/
ipa: /ˈkɒstɪk/
rhymes: -ɔːstɪk
Forms: form: more caustic
form: most caustic
Etymology: From the Latin causticus (“burning”), from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós, “burning”), from καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) + -ικός (-ikós).
Senses: glosses: Capable of burning, corroding or destroying organic tissue.
examples: text: "How now!" said Scrooge, caustic and cold as ever.
ref: 1843, Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol:
text: The bargain was not concluded as easily as might have been expected though, for Scadder was caustic and ill-humoured, and cast much unnecessary opposition in the way
ref: 1843, Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit:
text: Madame Beck esteemed me learned and blue; Miss Fanshawe, caustic, ironic, and cynical
ref: 1853, Charlotte Brontë, Villette:
text: The Secretary and the Assistant-Secretaries would say little caustic things about him to the senior clerks, and seemed somewhat to begrudge him his new honours.
ref: 1857, Anthony Trollope, The Three Clerks:
text: this set of worthies, who were only too prone to shut up their emotions with caustic words.
ref: 1886, Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge:
text: The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again;[…]. Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
text: though he came too late / To join the martyrs, there was still a place / Among the tempters for a caustic tongue / / To test the resolution of the young / With tales of the small failings of the great
ref: c. 1930, W.H.Auden, The Quest:
glosses: Sharp, bitter, cutting, biting, and sarcastic in a scathing way.
raw_tags: of language
Synonyms: sense: capable of destroying tissue
word: acidic
sense: capable of destroying tissue
word: biting
sense: capable of destroying tissue
word: burning
sense: capable of destroying tissue
word: corrosive
sense: capable of destroying tissue
word: searing
sense: severe, sharp
word: bitchy
sense: severe, sharp
word: biting
sense: severe, sharp
word: catty
sense: severe, sharp
word: mordacious
sense: severe, sharp
word: nasty
sense: severe, sharp
word: sarcastic
sense: severe, sharp
word: scathing
sense: severe, sharp
word: sharp
sense: severe, sharp
word: spiteful
sense: severe, sharp
word: vitriolic
sense: severe, sharp
word: pungent
Derived terms: catacaustic
caustic alkali
caustically
caustic ammonia
caustic barley
caustic curve
causticise
causticism
causticity
causticize
caustic lime
causticness
caustic pencil
caustic potash
caustic soda
caustic sulphite caramel
caustic surface
caustification
diacaustic
galvanocaustic
Indian caustic barley
noncaustic
postcaustic
Related terms: cauterize
encaustic
holocaust
homocaust
hypocaust
ink
caustic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kôs'tĭk
enpr: kŏs'tĭk
ipa: /ˈkɔːstɪk/
ipa: /ˈkɒstɪk/
rhymes: -ɔːstɪk
Forms: form: caustics
Etymology: From the Latin causticus (“burning”), from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós, “burning”), from καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) + -ικός (-ikós).
Senses: glosses: Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.
topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
optics
physical-sciences
physics
sciences
glosses: The envelope of reflected or refracted rays of light for a given surface or object.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: The envelope of reflected or refracted rays for a given curve.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Caustic soda.
Derived terms: common caustic
lunar caustic
crack rock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: crack rocks
Senses: glosses: Synonym of crack cocaine.
synonyms: word: crack cocaine
Synonyms: crack
crack cocaine
rock cocaine
crack cocaine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: So named due to the crackling sound of the pieces when it is smoked.
Senses: glosses: A mixture of baking soda and cocaine in solid form that is smoked in a pipe as a narcotic.
glosses: A mixture of salt substitute, ether, and cocaine in a semi-liquid form, which is far more potent than if made with baking soda alone.
Synonyms: crack
crack rock
rock cocaine
rock
hard
candy
devil smoke
krill
caustic curve
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: caustic curves
Senses: examples: Caustic curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
optics
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A curve to which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point being in one plane.
Related terms: caustic
caustic surface
focus
caustic surface
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: caustic surfaces
Senses: examples: Caustic curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
optics
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another surface are tangents.
Related terms: caustic
caustic curve
focus
strict-sense stationary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
glosses: Of a random process X(t), having characteristics that do not change as t varies.
glute
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡluːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: glutes
Etymology: Clipping of gluteus.
Senses: examples: text: The hamstrings also get worked in a number of quad and glute moves.
ref: 2010, Adam Garett, “Fried Hams”, in Reps!, 17:23:
topics: exercise
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A gluteal muscle.
Derived terms: glute bridge
smoothie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsmuːði/
rhymes: -uːði
Forms: form: smoothies
form: smoothy
Etymology: From smooth + -ie.
Senses: examples: text: True to their reputations, Paul was a smoothie who put a public relations gloss on everything he said, and John was abrasive and sarcastic, speaking his mind and letting the chips fall where they may.
ref: 2003, Michael Lydon, Flashbacks: Eyewitness Accounts of the Rock Revolution, 1964-1974, page 7:
glosses: A smooth-talking person.
examples: text: Sometimes he brings her smoothies from his favourite place on Judd Street. He has a weakness for these glutinous confections that are supposed to extend his life.
ref: 2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 10:
glosses: A drink made from whole fruit, thus thicker than fruit juice.
examples: text: He shook his head and cleared the pentup anger and sadness that mixed his mind into a smoothie of emotions he bottled up inside, then scolded himself for allowing the outburst.
ref: 2014, J. Steven Young, Blue Screen of Death, Speedy Publishing LLC, →ISBN:
glosses: A blending of different things, a mishmash
examples: text: 1987, John Irwin (quoting Piri Thomas), The Felon
The decision to cool myself made the next two years the hardest I had done because it meant being a smoothie and staying out of trouble, which in prison is difficult, […]
text: Film Comment's David Chute described him as: "small, stringy and intense, but he's better dressed and groomed (than Ferrara), less of a punk and more of a smoothie."
ref: 1999, Nick Johnstone, Abel Ferrara: The King of New York, page viii:
text: 2011, Gerard DeGroot (quoting Brown), Seventies Unplugged
[…] mods, skins, suedes, smoothies, punks, skunks, rude boys, soul boys and headbangers […]
glosses: A member of the mod subculture who is relatively non-violent and wears expensive clothing.
examples: text: Smoothies seem much more acceptable now. Back in the "good old days" it [pubic hair] was almost essential for pics etc.
ref: 2000 April 23, Romanesque, “Shaved below”, in uk.rec.naturist (Usenet):
text: These new smoothies are everywhere. The "Body for Life" fitness program asks people to spend six weeks getting into shape and then send in before-and-after pictures. The men in the "after" shots invariably have shaved chests.
ref: 2001 September 5, Lee Gomes, “Chest Shaving Is Going Mainstream, As Magazines Show Smooth Models”, in Wall Street Journal:
text: not a wisp of pubic hair peeking out of even the tiniest thongs and bikini briefs and jockstraps. they should hire, oh, zak spears. he'd blow these smoothies off the page.
ref: 2002 December 17, Arnold Zwicky, “the UnderGear holiday catalog”, in soc.motss (Usenet):
glosses: A person with shaven body hair, especially pubic hair.
Derived terms: Bandera smoothie
fruit smoothie
green smoothie
white smoothie
Related terms: thickie
booger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈbʊɡə/
rhymes: -ʊɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: boogers
Etymology: Alteration of the English dialectal words buggard (bug + -ard), boggart or boggard. Compare bogey. Compare also Alemannic German Naaseböög (“booger”).
Senses: examples: text: Mama says you mustn't pick boogers out of your nose with your fingers; you must use your handkerchief.
ref: 1948, Publication of the American Dialect Society, page 16:
text: Now in the halls of the necro lord / Flash of fear when he sees my sword / Raped his woman, smoked his bone / Leave a booger underneath his throne!
ref: 2006, Strapping Young Lad, “Far Beyond Metal”, in The New Black:
glosses: A piece of solid or semisolid mucus in or removed from a nostril.
examples: text: The latter is discovered by Caesar, Maurice, and their compadres living in a crumbling, snow-packed ski lodge, its antler chandeliers hung with boogers of ice in a mockery of humanity’s pretensions of alpha-predator-hood.
ref: 2017 July 7, Ignatiy Vishnevetskyg, “The ambitious War For The Planet Of The Apes ends up surrendering to formula”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: Something suggestive of this material.
glosses: A thing; especially a problematic or difficult thing.
glosses: A monster, a bogey.
Synonyms: sense: mucus
word: bogey
sense: mucus
word: snot
sense: mucus
word: bogie
sense: mucus
word: boogie
sense: thing
word: bugger
Derived terms: bed booger
boogerball
booger brain
booger off
booger sandwich
booger sugar
booger up
eye booger
booger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈbʊɡə/
rhymes: -ʊɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: boogers
Etymology: From boogie board + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Watch the local boogers charge it!
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
surfing
glosses: A bodyboarder.
booger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈbʊɡə/
rhymes: -ʊɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: boogers
Senses: glosses: A performer of the booger dance.
beautify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbjuː.tɪ.faɪ/
Forms: form: beautifies
form: beautifying
form: beautified
form: beautified
Etymology: From Middle English beutifien, from Old French beaute (“beauty”), from Latin bellus (“beautiful, fine”), + -ify, from Latin facio (“make”).
Senses: examples: text: 1592, Robert Greene, Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit, London: William Wright, “Robertoes Tale”
[…] there is an vpstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tygers hart wrapt in a Players hyde, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blanke verse as the best of you:
text: And now, / This ornament [i.e. beard] / Makes me look dismal will I clip to form; / And what this fourteen years no razor touch’d, / To grace thy marriage-day, I’ll beautify.
ref: c. 1607–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, [George Wilkins?], The Late, and Much Admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: […] [William White and Thomas Creede] for Henry Gosson, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:
text: […] she was at the other end of the room, beautifying a nosegay;
ref: 1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter V, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=III or IV), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 89:
text: “[…] I’m so thankful for friendship. It beautifies life so much.”
ref: 1909, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 15, in Anne of Avonlea, Boston: L.C. Page, page 171:
text: ‘Boy, you take a big chance,’ Moses say. ‘Them pigeons there to beautify the park, not to eat. The people over here will kill you if you touch a fly.’
ref: 1954, Sam Selvon, The Lonely Londoners, London: Longman, page 109:
synonyms: adorn
decorate
ornament
prettify
antonyms: blight
deface
disfigure
mar
uglify
glosses: To make beautiful; to increase the beauty of.
examples: text: […] it must be a Prospect pleasing to God himself, to see his Creation for ever beautifying in his Eyes, and drawing nearer to him, by greater Degrees of Resemblance.
ref: 1719, Joseph Addison, “Upon the Immortality of the Soul”, in Maxims, Observations, and Reflections, London: E. Curll, page 88:
glosses: To become beautiful.
examples: text: She’d felt silly when she first put cucumbers on her eyes (to diminish puffiness), or oatmeal on her face (to cleanse the pores and absorb excess oils), or egg yolks in her hair (to make it shine). Her use of groceries had even made my mother laugh, then wonder if she should start to beautify.
ref: 2002, Alice Sebold, chapter 13, in The Lovely Bones, London: Picador, page 156:
glosses: To make oneself beautiful.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
synonyms: word: prettify
word: pretty-print
antonyms: minify
uglify
glosses: Synonym of pretty-print.
Derived terms: rebeautify
unbeautify
Related terms: beautification
beautifier
beautifiable
beautifying
argent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːdʒənt/
ipa: /ˈɑɹd͡ʒənt/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dʒənt
Forms: form: argents
form: arg.
form: a.
Etymology: From Middle English argent, from Old French argent m (“silver”), from Latin argentum n (“white money, silver”).
Senses: glosses: The metal silver.
examples: text: The metals are gold and silver, these being termed "or" and "argent".
ref: 1909, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry:
text: In the chief (top) of the arms are three wheels argent symbolising railway locomotives and rolling stock; […] The crest consists of a demi-lion rampant gules (red) holding between its paws a wheel argent similar to those included in the arms.
ref: 1957 February 24, “B.T.C. Armorial Bearings”, in Railway Magazine, page 81:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: The white or silver tincture on a coat of arms.
examples: text: The polish'd argent of her breast.
ref: 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “A Dream of Fair Women”, in Poems. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Whiteness; anything that is white.
glosses: A moth of the genus Argyresthia.
argent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːdʒənt/
ipa: /ˈɑɹd͡ʒənt/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dʒənt
Forms: form: arg.
form: a.
Etymology: From Middle English argent, from Old French argent m (“silver”), from Latin argentum n (“white money, silver”).
Senses: examples: text: Or ask of yonder argent fields above, / Why Jove's Satellites are leſs than Jove?
ref: 1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], epistle I, London: […] J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC, page 5, lines 49–50:
glosses: Of silver or silver-coloured.
examples: text: ... when the shield is argent, it is shown in an engraving by being left plain.
ref: 1889, Charles Norton Elvin, A Dictionary of Heraldry:
text: The official blazon of the arms of Perth is "Gules, a Holy Lambe passant regardant staff and cross argent, with the banner of St. Andrew proper, all within a double tressure counter-flowered of the second": […].
ref: 1956 July, Col. H. C. B. Rogers, “Railway Heraldry”, in Railway Magazine, page 480:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: of white or silver tincture on a coat of arms.
Synonyms: blanc
silver
Derived terms: argentic
argentiferous
argentine
argentite
argentous
argentum nitricum
Related terms: english: chemical symbol for silver
translation: chemical symbol for silver
word: Ag
retracement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: retracements
Senses: topics: business
finance
glosses: A reversal in the trend of the price of a stock or commodity.
Derived terms: Fibonacci retracement
offside
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒfˈsaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: more offside
form: most offside
form: off-side
Etymology: From off- + side. Compare German Abseite (“remote area, backside”), German abseits (“out of the way, apart, aside”, adverb), Dutch afzijdig (“neutral, impartial”).
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: In an illegal position ahead of the ball, puck, etc.
examples: text: [Verse 2:Kano]:On-sight, thought he was onside, innit. Saw them guys, no shots fired innit. If you ain't real then don't ride, innit. That postcode, that's offside, innit.
ref: 2016 March 4, “3 Wheel-Ups” (track 4), in Made in the Manor, performed by Kano (British musician),Giggs (rapper),Wiley (musician):
glosses: Out of bounds.
examples: an offside diner
glosses: To the side of the road, past the curb and sidewalk.
topics: bridge
games
glosses: Unfavourably located, from the point of view of the player taking a finesse.
glosses: To the side of a boat, opposite the primary side on which one paddles.
offside
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒfˈsaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: offsides
form: off-side
Etymology: From off- + side. Compare German Abseite (“remote area, backside”), German abseits (“out of the way, apart, aside”, adverb), Dutch afzijdig (“neutral, impartial”).
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: An offside play.
examples: text: My offside wing mirror got snapped off.
text: They put a stock of candle-ends into the lantern, hung the latter to the off-side of the load, and directed the horse onward, walking at his shoulder at first during the uphill parts of the way, in order not to overload an animal of so little vigour.
ref: 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 50:
glosses: The side of a road vehicle furthest from the kerb: the right side if one drives on the left of the road.
glosses: The right-hand side of a working animal such as a horse or bullock, especially when in harness.
glosses: The side of a canal opposite the towpath.
Derived terms: offside rule
Related terms: off side
off-side rule
offside trap
corrode
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈɹəʊd/
ipa: /kəˈɹoʊd/
ipa: [kəˈɹoʊ̯d]
ipa: [kɚˈ(ɹ)oʊ̯d]
rhymes: -əʊd
Forms: form: corrodes
form: corroding
form: corroded
form: corroded
Etymology: From Middle English corrōden, that borrowed from Old French corroder or directly from Latin corrōdere (“to gnaw”), from con- (“completely”) + rōdere (“to gnaw”).
Senses: glosses: To eat away bit by bit; to wear away or diminish by gradually separating or destroying small particles of, as by action of a strong acid or a caustic alkali.
examples: text: My morale is being corroded day by day.
glosses: To consume; to wear away; to prey upon; to impair.
glosses: To have corrosive action; to be subject to corrosion.
Synonyms: sense: to eat away by degrees
word: canker
sense: to eat away by degrees
word: gnaw
sense: to eat away by degrees
word: rust
sense: to eat away by degrees
word: waste
sense: to eat away by degrees
word: wear
Derived terms: corrodable
corrodible
corroding lead
corrodingly
noncorroding
Brum
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹʌm/
rhymes: -ʌm
Etymology: Clipping of Brummagem.
Senses: glosses: Nickname for Birmingham: a major city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England.
Derived terms: Brummie
chills
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪlz/
rhymes: -ɪlz
Senses: glosses: plural of chill
chills
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪlz/
rhymes: -ɪlz
Senses: examples: I get chills every time I hear that song.
That feathery touch on my neck gave me the chills.
Being under dressed for this weather has given me the chills.
When I tripped so close to the edge of the cliff, I felt chills across my whole body.
When we made eye contact, my heart fluttered and chills ran down my spine.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: A biological response to being tickled; being cold; or experiencing fear, euphoria or sexual arousal in which the person forms goose bumps.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A feeling of being cold, a symptom of many conditions.
Derived terms: cold chills
douche chills
chills
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪlz/
rhymes: -ɪlz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of chill
gluteus maximus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: glutei maximi
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin gluteus maximus.
Senses: examples: text: To power our forward motion, we have a distinctly gigantic muscle in our buttocks, the gluteus maximus.
ref: 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 205:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The largest of the muscles of each buttock.
examples: text: Look at the gluteus maximus on that woman!
glosses: The buttocks.
khakis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of khaki
Khaki-coloured/colored cotton trousers (pants).
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: plural of khaki
A khaki uniform of pants (trousers) or shorts, shirt, and hat or other head covering such as a turban.
coordinate_terms: fatigues
camos
blues
community development
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The practices and academic disciplines of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens and professionals to improve various aspects of local communities.
auricular
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɔːˈɹɪk.jʊl.ə/
ipa: /ɔˈɹɪk.jəl.ɚ/
rhymes: -ɪkjʊlə(ɹ)
Forms: form: auriculars
Etymology: Late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin auriculāris, from auricula (“the external ear; the ear”) + -āris (“-ar”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to auricle + -ar. Doublet of auricularis.
The finger is so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.
Senses: examples: text: Yet see! my glad Auricular
Redeems thee (though dissolv’d) a Star,[…]
ref: 1659, Richard Lovelace, “A Fly about a Glasse of Burnt Claret”, in Lucasta posthume poems of Richard Lovelace, London: Clement Darby, page 38:
synonyms: ear finger
fourth finger
little finger
mercurial finger
pinkie
glosses: The little finger, the outermost and smallest finger of the hand.
examples: text: A pound of dynamite
Explodes in his auriculars
It’s not a pleasant sight—
We’ll spare you the particulars.
ref: 1893, W. S. Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, Utopia, Limited, London: Chappell & Co., act I, page 6:
glosses: The ear.
arrow-finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: arrow-fingers
Senses: glosses: the forefinger
Synonyms: index finger
demonstrator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪtə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: demonstrators
Etymology: From demonstrate + -or.
Senses: glosses: One who demonstrates anything, or proves beyond doubt.
glosses: The forefinger.
glosses: One who takes part in a demonstration; a protester.
glosses: One who demonstrates products in a retail environment; a merchandiser.
examples: text: Young people have been involved in choosing which resources and educational toys are used to deliver sex and relationship education – including leaflets, videos and condom demonstrators.
ref: 2006, Ellie Lewis, Promoting the Health and Well-being of Young People in Supported Housing, page 56:
glosses: An item, particularly a vehicle, used in demonstrations to a customer or user.
glosses: An assistant to a lecturer.
glosses: One who teaches anatomy from the dissected parts.
Synonyms: index finger
Derived terms: counterdemonstrator
demonstratorship
telestrator
gold-finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gold fingers
Senses: glosses: the ring finger
Synonyms: leech-finger
marriage finger
medical finger
medicinal finger
physic finger
physical finger
physician finger
ring-man
third finger
ear finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ear fingers
form: ear-finger
form: earfinger
Etymology: From Middle English ere finger, from Old English ēarefinger (“little finger”), equivalent to ear + finger, from its use in removing wax.
Senses: glosses: The little finger.
wikipedia: JSTOR
Synonyms: auricular
fourth finger
little finger
mercurial finger
pinkie
index finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: index fingers
Etymology: Literally “pointing finger”, index being from Latin, of same origin as indicate.
Senses: glosses: the forefinger
Synonyms: word: arrow-finger
word: demonstrator
word: first finger
word: forefinger
word: index
word: index finger
word: lickpot
word: pointer
word: pointer finger
word: pointling
word: showing finger
word: teacher
word: trigger finger
Hypernyms: word: finger
leech-finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: leech-fingers
form: leechfinger
form: leech finger
form: leach-finger
Etymology: From Middle English leche fingir, læchefinger, from Old English lǣċefinger (“fourth finger, leech-finger”), equivalent to leech (“physician”) + finger. Compare Old Norse lǽknisfingr (“leech-finger”), Icelandic læknisfingur. According to medieval belief, a nerve or artery ran from this digit to the heart. It gave the finger a prominent role in medical lore and practice. Doctors would use it when applying treatments, for example.
Senses: examples: text: Sing three Our Fathers on your leechfinger, and write around the sore.
ref: 1973, Godfried Storms, Anglo-Saxon magic:
text: The Leech finger has Coll on it, the sage Hazel, who is the master physician, and is surmounted by Saille, the Willow of enchantment.
ref: 2005, Kisma Reidling, Faery Initiations:
text: Similarly, the other wound item above it, for an unknown swelling (uncufrum swyle) involves singing the Pater Noster thrice over 'your leechfinger' (ðine læcefinger, the middle finger) and writing the Latin formula around the sore as well as speaking it.
ref: 2006, Catherine E. Karkov, Sarah Larratt Keefer, Karen Louise Jolly, The Place of the Cross in Anglo-Saxon England:
text: For some, simply to stroke the ring finger over a wound was enough to heal it and it eventually became known as the healing finger or the leech finger. In parts of Europe it is still used today as the only finger suitable for scratching the skin.
ref: 2007, Desmond Morris, The Naked Woman:
text: This same document tells us that this same finger was once called the "physician finger," from the Latin digitits medicus, and that it was also called the "leech finger," since doctors were known as "leeches" before they were called "physicians.
ref: 2007, Charles Hodgson, Carnal Knowledge:
text: The fourth finger has a strange anatomical property that gives it both its ancient and modern names: the leech finger and the ring finger.
ref: 2012, Mark Forsyth, The Etymologicon:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The finger next to the little finger; ring-finger.
wikipedia: JSTOR
Synonyms: gold-finger
marriage finger
medical finger
medicinal finger
physic finger
physical finger
physician finger
ring-finger
ring-man
third finger
long finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: long fingers
Etymology: From Middle English longe fyngyr, longue finguer.
Senses: glosses: The middle finger.
glosses: A state of postponement or procrastination.
examples: text: Jim tries to look flash, but he buys everything on the long finger.
glosses: Hire purchase or credit.
Related terms: drag one's feet
marriage finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: marriage fingers
Senses: glosses: The finger on which a wedding ring is placed; the ring finger.
Synonyms: gold-finger
leech-finger
medical finger
medicinal finger
physic finger
physical finger
physician finger
ring-finger
ring-man
medical finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: medical fingers
Etymology: In ancient times, it was associated with healing and used for mixing potions.
Senses: glosses: The ring finger.
mid-finger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mid-fingers
form: midfinger
form: mid finger
Etymology: From mid- + finger.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of middle finger.