cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
ensure
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: note: pour–poor merger
ipa: /ɪnˈʃɔː(ɹ)/
note: without the pour–poor merger
ipa: /ɪnˈʃʊə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ɪnˈʃʊɹ/
ipa: /ɪnˈʃɝ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)
Forms: form: ensures
form: ensuring
form: ensured
form: ensured
Etymology: From Middle English ensuren, from Anglo-Norman enseurer, from Old French seur (“sure”). Doublet of insure.
Senses: examples: text: I use an alarm clock to ensure that I get up on time.
text: British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
ref: 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
glosses: To make sure or certain of something (usually some future event or condition).
examples: text: Thenne he cryed hym mercy and sayd Faire knyght for goddes loue slee me not / and I shall ensure the neuer werre ageynst thy lady / but be alwey toward her / Thenne Bors lete hym be
ref: 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xvj”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XVI:
glosses: To make a pledge to (someone); to promise, guarantee (someone of something); to assure.
Derived terms: ensurer
Related terms: assure
inshore
insure
enswathe
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛnˈsweɪð/
rhymes: -eɪð
Forms: form: enswathes
form: enswathing
form: enswathed
form: enswathed
form: inswathe
Etymology: From en- + swathe.
Senses: examples: text: Sooner Earth / Might go round Heaven, and the strait girth of Time / Inswathe the fulness of Eternity, / Than language grasp the infinite of Love.
ref: 1827–1879 (date written), Alfred Tennyson, “Part I”, in The Lover’s Tale, London: C[harles] Kegan Paul & Co., […], published 1879, →OCLC, pages 34–35:
glosses: To swathe or envelop (someone or something), as in swaddling clothes.
Derived terms: enswathement
enswather
enthusiastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk/
ipa: /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/
rhymes: -æstɪk
Forms: form: more enthusiastic
form: most enthusiastic
form: enthusiastick
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐνθουσιαστικός (enthousiastikós), from either ἐνθουσιασμός (enthousiasmós) or ἐνθουσιάζω (enthousiázō) + -τικός (-tikós).
Senses: examples: text: an enthusiastic lover of art
text: a young man […] of a visionary and enthusiastic character
ref: 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:
glosses: With zealous fervor; excited, motivated.
glosses: Relating to enthusiasm, or divine possession.
Synonyms: word: animated
word: ardent
word: avid
word: big [⇒ thesaurus] [on]
word: bubbly
word: eager
word: earnest
word: ebullient
word: energetic
word: enthusiastic
word: excited
word: exhilarated
word: fanatic
word: fanatical
word: fervent
word: fervid
word: feverish
word: gassed
word: geeked
word: gung ho
word: hearty
word: high-spirited
word: impassioned
word: juiced
word: keen
word: lit up
word: lively
word: mad
word: motivated
word: passionate
word: raring
word: rip-roaring
word: souped-up
word: stimulated
word: thrilled
word: torrid
word: vehement
word: vibrant
word: vivacious
word: wild
word: worked up
word: wrought-up
word: zealous
word: zestful
Hypernyms: word: emotional
Hyponyms: word: ablaze
word: agitated
word: delirious
word: febrile
word: fever-pitched
word: highwrought
word: impetuous
word: intoxicate
word: jazzed
word: nervicited
word: overamped
word: overexcited
word: overwrought
word: perfervid
word: psyched
word: psyched up
word: pumped
word: pumped up
word: stoked
word: wired
Derived terms: antienthusiastic
enthusiastical
enthusiastically
hyperenthusiastic
nonenthusiastic
overenthusiastic
pseudoenthusiastic
superenthusiastic
ultraenthusiastic
unenthusiastic
Related terms: word: enthusiasm
word: enthusiast
word: champ at the bit
word: faunch at the bit
word: fit to burst
word: exciting
word: active
entreat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈtɹiːt/
ipa: /ɛn-/
ipa: /ɪnˈtɹit/
ipa: /ɛn-/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: entreats
Etymology: The verb is derived from Late Middle English entreten (“to deal with (someone) in a specified way; to concern oneself with (something); to deal with or give an account of (a topic); to engage in negotiation; to intercede for (someone); to plead with (someone)”), from Anglo-Norman entraiter, entretier (“to concern oneself with (something); to deal with (someone) in a specified manner; to have a conversation with (someone); to negotiate (with someone, or about something)”), Middle French entraiter, entraictier, and Old French entraictier (“to have a conversation with (someone); to concern oneself with (something)”), from en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’) + traiter (“to be concerned with (something); to treat (someone) in a specified way”) (from Latin tractāre, the present active infinitive of tractō (“to handle, manage; to drag, haul”), from trahō (“to drag, pull; etc.”) (see that entry for the further etymology) + -tō (frequentative suffix)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English entrete (“agreement; negotiation; treatment of a subject in discourse”), from the verb.
Senses: examples: text: Let my entreats of Love prevail ſo far, / VVhen for your happineſſe they ſpoken are: / Be not a Captive to the vvorld, but be / One unto Heav'n, and that is to be free.
ref: 1661, S[amuel] P[ordage], [John Pordage?], “The Second Part”, in Mundorum Explicatio: Or, The Explanation of an Hieroglyphical Figure: Wherein are Couched the Myasteries of the External, Internal, and Eternal Worlds, […], London: […] T. R. for Lodowick Lloyd, […], page 149:
text: […] I began a little chat with my fair companion, who remained standing, notwithstanding my repeated entreates that she would be seated.
ref: 1817 March, Censor [pseudonym], “The Gossiper, No. XXV”, in The Ladies’ Monthly Museum, volume V, London: [Vernor & Hood?], →OCLC, page 124:
text: In the Muslim world, the most compelling and decisive books are those full of confessions written on the flesh of victims, and the most earnest prayers are the entreats for mercy screamed in pain and anguish at the tormentors and flesh and thought.
ref: 2006, Khaled Abou El Fadl, The Search for Beauty in Islam: A Conference of the Books, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 236:
glosses: Synonym of entreaty (“an act of asking earnestly or begging for something”); an appeal, a plea.
synonyms: word: entreaty
extra: (“an act of asking earnestly or begging for something”); an appeal, a plea
enumeration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
ipa: /ɪˌnjuːməˈɹeɪʃən/
ipa: /ɪˌnuːməˈɹeɪʃən/
Forms: form: enumerations
Etymology: From Middle French énumeration (French énumération). By surface analysis, enumerate + -ion.
Senses: synonyms: word: listing
word: numbering
word: telling
word: counting
word: enumeration
word: numbering
word: numeration
word: telling
glosses: The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting.
glosses: A detailed account, in which each thing is specially noticed.
examples: text: using the serial comma in enumerations
glosses: A list; especially, a numbered list.
glosses: A recapitulation, in the peroration, of the heads of an argument.
examples: text: In Ada, enumeration literals are allowed to appear in more than one declaration in the same referencing environment.
ref: 2010, Robert W. Sebesta, Concepts of Programming Languages, Addison-Wesley Longman, page 261:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
synonyms: enum
glosses: A data type that allows variables to have any of a predefined set of values.
Derived terms: scoped enumeration
underenumeration
Related terms: enumerate
enunciation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˌnʌn.sɪˈeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɪˌnʌn.ʃɪˈeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ɪˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: enunciations
Etymology: From Latin ēnuntiātiō.
Senses: examples: text: It was time for the enunciation of an important truth.
glosses: The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making known; open attestation; declaration.
examples: text: She speaks with an impressively clear enunciation.
glosses: The mode of utterance or pronunciation, especially with regards to the fullness and distinctness of articulation.
synonyms: announcement
statement
glosses: That which is enunciated or announced; words in which a proposition is expressed; formal declaration
Derived terms: misenunciation
nonenunciation
overenunciation
Related terms: diction
enwreathe
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: enwreathes
form: enwreathing
form: enwreathed
form: enwreathed
Etymology: From en- + wreathe.
Senses: examples: text: The ivy, clinging round that side of the old church, shone with its broad green leaves, which caught a double radiance from the moon and from the small diamond panes of the Gothic windows which the long drooping branches enwreathed.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXXVIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 313:
glosses: Alternative form of inwreathe.
equalization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: equalizations
form: equalisation
Etymology: From equalize + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.
topics: diving
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
underwater-diving
glosses: Maneuvers to balance the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes.
topics: business
finance
glosses: Repayment to an investor in a unit trust or OEIC of an increase in the unit price to cover the seller’s entitlement to income received from the underlying investments but not yet distributed to unit holders, repaid as part of the first distribution of income to that investor.
Derived terms: disequalization
equalization payment
misequalization
Related terms: equalize
equalizer
equally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈiːkwəli/
ipa: /ˈiːkəli/
Forms: form: more equally
form: most equally
form: æqually
Etymology: From equal + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: All citizens are equally taxed.
text: The pie was divided equally among the guests.
text: They shared equally in the spoils.
text: And when their ſcattered armie is ſubdu’d:
And you march on their ſlaughtered carkaſſes,
Share equally the gold that bought their liues,
And liue like Gentlmen in Perſea, […]
ref: c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:
text: You have to give them credit, rarely does a character appeal equally to four-year-old children and middle-aged aunts posting tepid jokes and fake Oscar Wilde quotes on their timelines.
ref: 2019 December 31, AJ Willingham, “All the trends we loved and hated in the 2010s”, in CNN:
topics: manner
glosses: In an equal manner; in equal shares or proportion; with equal and impartial justice; evenly
examples: text: The gas stations are equally far from the highway.
text: The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track.[…]Their example was followed by others at a time when the master of Mohair was superintending in person the docking of some two-year-olds, and equally invisible.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, pages 58–59:
qualifier: degree
glosses: In equal degree or extent; just as.
examples: text: John suffered setbacks at his job. Equally, Frank's business slowed.
glosses: Used to link two or more coordinate elements
Synonyms: word: equally
word: equivalently
word: evenly
word: mutually
Derived terms: equally as
nonequally
semi-equally
equator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈkweɪ.tə/
ipa: /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/
ipa: /iˈkweɪ.tɚ/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: equators
form: æquator
form: equatour
Etymology: From Late Latin (circulus) aequator (diei et noctis).
Senses: examples: text: Baishui is about as close to the equator as Tampa, Florida.
ref: 2018, VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns:
topics: geography
natural-sciences
qualifier: often “the Equator”
glosses: An imaginary great circle around Earth, equidistant from the two poles, and dividing earth's surface into the northern and southern hemispheres.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A similar great circle on any sphere, especially on a celestial body, or on another reasonably symmetrical three-dimensional body.
examples: text: Slice the onion through the equator.
glosses: The midline of any generally spherical object, such as a fruit or vegetable, that has identifiable poles.
glosses: The celestial equator.
Derived terms: celestial equator
equatorial
Equatorial Guinea
equatorial telescope
equatorward
equatorwards
magnetic equator
palaeoequator
paleoequator
Related terms: Ecuador
equal
equi-
equitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: equitations
Etymology: From French équitation.
Senses: synonyms: equestrianism
horsemanship
glosses: The art, practice or act of horseriding.
equivocal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈkwɪvəkəl/
ipa: /ɪˈkwɪvək(ə)l/
Forms: form: more equivocal
form: most equivocal
form: æquivocal
Etymology: From Late Latin aequivocus + -al, from aequus + vocō. By surface analysis, equi- + vocal.
Senses: examples: text: equivocal words
text: an equivocal sentence
text: For the beauties of Shakespeare are not of so dim or equivocal a nature as to be visible only to learned eyes.
ref: 1817, William Hazlitt, Characters of Shakespeare's Plays:
synonyms: ambiguous
indeterminate
antonyms: unequivocal
univocal
glosses: Having two or more equally applicable meanings; capable of double or multiple interpretation.
examples: text: His actions are equivocal.
text: equivocal repentances
ref: 1649, J[ohn] Milton, ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of signifying opposite feelings, purposes, or characters; deserving to be suspected.
examples: text: How equivocal a test.
ref: 1796, Edmund Burke, A Letter from the Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks Made upon Him and His Pension, […], London: […] J. Owen, […], and F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC:
synonyms: uncertain
doubtful
incongruous
antonyms: certain
glosses: Uncertain, as an indication or sign.
Derived terms: equivocal generation
equivocality
equivocally
equivocalness
Related terms: equivocation
equivoque
equivocal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈkwɪvəkəl/
ipa: /ɪˈkwɪvək(ə)l/
Forms: form: equivocals
form: æquivocal
Etymology: From Late Latin aequivocus + -al, from aequus + vocō. By surface analysis, equi- + vocal.
Senses: examples: text: Some equivocals are merely ambiguous. Sharp is an example. It is equivocal since it is appropriate to call different types of things 'sharp' though what it is for them to be sharp differs.
ref: 2012, Deborah Achtenberg, Cognition of Value in Aristotle's Ethics:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
synonyms: double entendre
equivoque
glosses: A word or expression capable of different meanings; an ambiguous term.
equivocation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn̩/
ipa: /əˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: equivocations
form: æquivocation
Etymology: c. 1380, from Middle English equivocacion, from Old French equivocation, from Medieval Latin aequivocātiō, from aequivocō, from Late Latin aequivocus (“ambiguous, equivocal”), from Latin aequus (“equal”) + vocō (“call”); a calque of Ancient Greek ὁμωνυμία (homōnumía).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A logical fallacy resulting from the use of multiple meanings of a single expression.
examples: text: Federal courts have mostly ruled against the executive branch in such cases. The equivocation that has characterized the [Trump] administration’s legal responses to date is turning into objection and refusal.
ref: 2025 April 18, Henry Gass, “Amid deportation dispute, Trump and courts square off on who has last word”, in The Christian Science Monitor:
glosses: The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, possibly intentionally and with the aim of misleading.
Related terms: amphiboly
evasion
evasiveness
prevarication
equivoque
eradication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: eradications
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin ērādīcātiō, from ērādīcō + -tiō, from ē- (“out”) + rādīx (“root”) + -ō. Equivalent to eradicate + -ion or e- (“without”) + radication.
Senses: glosses: The act of plucking up by the roots; an uprooting or rooting out; extirpation; utter destruction.
glosses: The state of being plucked up by the roots.
Derived terms: eradicational
eradicationism
Related terms: eradicate
Erse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
Etymology: From Scots Erse (“Irish”), from earlier Ersche, Ersch, a contraction of Erisch, Erische (“Irish”), from Middle English Erische, Irische, Irisch (“Irish”). Doublet of Irish. Compare also Scots Irisch.
Senses: examples: text: Two points which appeal to the writer are that the stations of origin and of destination are printed (in Erse and English) once only and then are summarised at the foot, [...]. [...] Clar Chloinne Mhuiris is the Erse original of Claremorris, and Dublin appears as Baile Atha Cliath.
ref: 1940 May, G. W. J. Potter, “Tickets of the Great Southern Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 292:
text: Now he's just sung in his mother tongue, the ancient Irish Erse, and cleared the pub completely by the forty-second verse!
ref: 1993, “Plastic Paddy”, in Mirrors, performed by Eric Bogle:
glosses: Either of the Gaelic languages of Ireland and Scotland.
Erse
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
Etymology: From Scots Erse (“Irish”), from earlier Ersche, Ersch, a contraction of Erisch, Erische (“Irish”), from Middle English Erische, Irische, Irisch (“Irish”). Doublet of Irish. Compare also Scots Irisch.
Senses: glosses: Connected with Ireland or the Highlands of Scotland, or to the Gaelic languages spoken in those places.
esplanade
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛspləˌneɪd/
ipa: /ˌɛspləˈnɑːd/
ipa: /ˈɛspləˌneɪd/
ipa: /ˈɛspləˌnɑd/
rhymes: -eɪd
rhymes: -ɑːd
Forms: form: esplanades
Etymology: 1590s, from French esplanade (“clear, level space”), from Spanish esplanada (explanada), form of esplanar (“to flatten, to make level”), from Latin explānāre, from which English explain; see also plain (“level area, to flatten”), and Italian spianata, from spianare.
Senses: glosses: A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town.
glosses: The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country.
glosses: A grass plat; a lawn.
glosses: Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; especially, a terrace by the seaside.
glosses: Grassy strips between two divided highway lanes; a traffic island.
Synonyms: sense: public walk
word: promenade
Derived terms: esplanaded
Related terms: explain
plain
espy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈspaɪ/
ipa: /ɛ-/
ipa: /əˈspaɪ/
ipa: /ɛ-/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: espies
Etymology: From Middle English aspie, espie (“covert investigation or observation, scouting, spying; information obtained through spying; secret and treacherous plan, plot; treachery; a scout or spy”) [and other forms],
from Anglo-Norman espie, Old French espie, from espier (verb): see further at etymology 1.
Cognates
* Italian spia
* Spanish espia
Senses: examples: text: Howe the right and lawes of the land / Were execute, and who durſt take in hand / To diſobey his ſtatutes and decrees, / If they were well kept in all countrees: / Of theſe he made ſubtile inueſtigation / Of his owne eſpie, and other mens relation.
ref: 1599, Richard Hakluyt, “After the Chapitles of Commodities of Diuers Lands, Sheweth the Conclusion of Keeping of the Sea Enuiron, by a Storie of King Edgar, and Two Incidents of King Edward the Third, and King Henrie the Fifth”, in The Principal Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation, […], 2nd edition, London: […] George Bishop, Ralph Newberie, and Robert Barker, →OCLC, page 203:
text: When as the Eagle, Ioves great bird, did ſee her enemy, / Sharpe warre in th' ayre with beake ſhe did prepare / Gainſt Serpent feeding in the wood, after eſpy / Cauſe it her egges and young fiercely in peeces tare.
ref: 1608, Edward Topsell, “Of the Winged Dragon”, in The Historie of Serpents. Or, The Second Booke of Liuing Creatures: […], London: […] William Jaggard, →OCLC, page 168:
glosses: An act of finding out or observing by spying or looking; an espial or espying.
examples: text: Hobomak as confidently aſſured vs it was falſe, and ſent his vvife as an eſpy to ſee; […]
ref: 1624, Iohn Smith, “Here Followeth a Briefe Discourse of the Trials of New England, with Certaine Obseruations of the Hollanders Use and Gaine by Fishing, and the Present Estate of that Happy Plantation, Begun but by Sixtie Weake Men, in the Yeere of Our Lord 1620. and How to Build a Fleet of Good Ships to Make a Little Nauy Royall, by the Former Author”, in The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, →OCLC, book 6; reprinted in The Generall Historie of Virginia, … (Bibliotheca Americana), Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1966, →OCLC, page 235:
glosses: A scout or spy.
glosses: The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means; espionage.
ethology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /iːˈθɒl.ə.dʒi/
ipa: /ɪˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/
ipa: /iˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/
rhymes: -ɒlədʒi
Forms: form: ethologies
Etymology: From the Latin ēthologia (“the art of depicting or imitating character”), from the Ancient Greek ἠθολογία (ēthología, “painting of character, especially by mimic gestures”), from ἠθολόγος (ēthológos, “painting character by mimic gestures”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, especially moral character”). Equivalent to etho- + -logy.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
holonyms: zoology
glosses: The scientific study of animalian behavior, especially that of nonhuman animals.
glosses: The study of the human ethos.
Derived terms: ecoethology
ethologic
neuroethology
palaeoethology
paleoethology
Related terms: ethologist
entomology
ethnology
etiology
aetiology
etymology
etch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɛtʃ
Forms: form: etches
form: etching
form: etched
form: etched
Etymology: From Dutch etsen (“to etch”), from German ätzen (“to etch”), from Old High German azzon (“to cause to bite or feed”), from Proto-Germanic *atjaną, causative of *etaną (“to eat”) (whence also English eat).
Senses: glosses: To cut into a surface with an acid or other corrosive substance in order to make a pattern. Best known as a technique for creating printing plates, but also used for decoration on metal, and, in modern industry, to make circuit boards.
glosses: To engrave a surface.
examples: text: The memory of 9/11 is etched into my mind.
glosses: To make a lasting impression.
examples: text: There are many such empty terms to be found in some learned writers, to which they had recourse to etch out their system.
ref: a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC:
glosses: To sketch; to delineate.
Derived terms: cryoetch
etchable
etcher
etchplain
etchplanation
microetch
overetch
photoetch
piranha etch
self-etch
total-etch
underetch
Related terms: etchant
etching
etch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɛtʃ
Senses: examples: text: Black Oats are commonly sown upon an Etch Crop, or on a Lay which they plow up in January, when the Earth is moist, taking care to turn the Turf well, and to lay it even and flat.
ref: 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:
glosses: Obsolete form of eddish.
SubGenius
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: SubGeniuses
form: SubGenii
Etymology: From sub- + genius.
Senses: glosses: A member of the Church of the SubGenius parody religion.
etiquette
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛt.ɪˌkɛt/
ipa: /ˈɛt.ɪ.kɪt/
ipa: /ˌɛt.ɪˈkɛt/
Forms: form: etiquettes
form: étiquette
Etymology: 1740, from French étiquette (“property, a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a label, ticket”), from Middle French estiquette (“ticket, memorandum”), from the Old French verb estechier, estichier, estequier (“to attach, stick”), (compare Picard estiquier (“to stick, pierce”)), from Frankish *stekan, *stikkjan (“to stick, pierce, sting”), from Proto-Germanic *stikaną, *stikōną, *staikijaną (“to be sharp, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab”).
Akin to Old High German stehhan (“to stick, attach, nail”) (German stechen (“to stick”)), Old English stician (“to pierce, stab, be fastened”).
The French Court of Louis XIV at Versailles used étiquettes (literally “little cards”) to remind courtiers to keep off of the grass and similar rules. More at stick (verb) and stitch. Doublet of ticket.
Senses: examples: text: 20 May 2018, Hadley Freeman in The Guardian, Is Meghan Markle the American the royals have needed all along?
Much shock was expressed in the British press about the Palace’s utter failure to control the Markles and the Markles’ lack of etiquette.
text: Whenever Root would put his elbows on the table or clatter his dishes or commit any other breach of etiquette, the Professor would gently correct him.
ref: 2003, Yoko Ogawa, The Housekeeper and the Professor:
glosses: The manners or decent behaviour to be observed in social or professional life; conventional decorum; the ceremonial code of polite society.
examples: text: Cycling's complex etiquette contains an unwritten rule that riders in contention for a race win should not be penalised for sheer misfortune.
ref: 2012 July 15, Richard Williams, Tour de France 2012: Carpet tacks cannot force Bradley Wiggins off track, Guardian Unlimited:
glosses: The customary behavior of members of a profession, business, law, or sports team towards each other.
glosses: A label used to indicate that a letter is to be sent by airmail.
Derived terms: chatiquette
cyberetiquette
etiquettal
hatiquette
jetiquette
netiquette
petiquette
reddiquette
textiquette
twetiquette
weediquette
wikiquette
Related terms: ethics
eugenics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /juːˈd͡ʒɛnɪks/
Etymology: Coined by Francis Galton in 1883. From ἐΰς (eǘs, “good”) + γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “breeding”), “well-bred”, “good in stock”. Parallel to Eugene. By surface analysis, eugenic + -s.
Senses: examples: text: In keeping with the goals of the new eugenics movement, McCulloch was claiming to offer scientific evidence of the incorrigibility of poor rural whites.
ref: 2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 77:
text: The eugenics mania that swept the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries led to forced sterilizations and the passage of laws in 27 states designed to limit the numbers of those considered genetically unfit: immigrants, Jews, African-Americans, the mentally ill and those deemed “morally delinquent.”
ref: 2018 October 16, John Blake, “When Americans tried to breed a better race: How a genetic fitness ‘crusade’ marches on”, in CNN:
topics: biology
human-sciences
natural-sciences
sciences
social-science
sociology
glosses: A social philosophy or practice which advocates the improvement of human hereditary qualities through selective breeding, either by encouraging people with superior genetic qualities to reproduce (positive eugenics), or discouraging people with inferior genetic qualities from reproducing (negative eugenics), or by technological means.
Derived terms: antieugenics
consumer eugenics
eugenic
eugenically
eugenicide
eugenicist
eugenocide
in vitro eugenics
liberal eugenics
negative eugenics
neo-eugenics
new eugenics
positive eugenics
stealth eugenics
techno-eugenics
Related terms: human enhancement
reprogenetics
stirpiculture
evacuate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/
Forms: form: evacuates
form: evacuating
form: evacuated
form: evacuated
Etymology: First attested in 1526; borrowed from Latin ēvacuātus, the perfect passive participle of ēvacuō (“to empty out, evacuate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: The soldiers evacuated the fortress.
text: The firefighters told us to evacuate the area as the flames approached.
text: The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country.
ref: 1757, Edmund Burke, The Abridgement of the History of England:
glosses: To leave or withdraw from; to quit; to retire from.
examples: text: The firefighters decided to evacuate all the inhabitants from the street.
text: Early the next morning I set off on the long and hazardous trek through jungles and hills into Assam, and regretfully said "good-bye" to the gallant little Burma Railways, which had functioned to the last and played a big part in evacuating many thousands of refugees and wounded soldiers in the path of the rapidly advancing Japanese.
ref: 1943 November and December, G. T. Porter, “The Lines Behind the Lines in Burma”, in Railway Magazine, page 327:
glosses: To cause (or help) to leave or withdraw from.
examples: text: The scientist evacuated the chamber before filling it with nitrogen.
glosses: To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of, including to create a vacuum.
examples: text: Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important doctrines.
ref: 1825, James Marsh, Preliminary Essay to Aids to Reflection:
glosses: To make empty; to deprive.
examples: text: In the living state, the body is observed to receive aliment; to assimilate a part; to evacuate what is redundant or useless; [...]
ref: 1822, John Barclay, chapter I, in An Inquiry Into the Opinions, Ancient and Modern, Concerning Life and Organization, Edinburgh; London: Bell & Bradfute; Waugh & Innes; G. & W. B. Whittaker, section I, page 1:
glosses: To remove; to eject; to void; to discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bladder or the bowels (to stool).
examples: text: to evacuate a contract or marriage
text: it would not evacuate a marriage after cohabitation and actual consummation
ref: 1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:
glosses: To make void; to nullify; to vacate.
Derived terms: ejaculate and evacuate
evacuative
evacuator
evacuatory
self-evacuate
Related terms: word: evacuation
evacuation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: evacuations
Etymology: From Middle English evacuacioun, from Old French evacuation, from Late Latin ēvacuātiō. Equivalent to evacuate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: The peak of the record-breaking month came during the fourth week, when the railways were called upon to handle the transport side of the official evacuation from the London area. During the first seven days of this evacuation, 175 special trains left the main London termini carrying mothers and children to the safety of the countryside.
ref: 1944 September and October, “A Busy Month”, in Railway Magazine, page 259:
glosses: The act of evacuating; leaving a place in an orderly fashion, especially for safety.
examples: text: The operating difficulties of this evacuation movement were further intensified by the fact that Sunday, June 2, saw the movement of nearly 48,000 children in 70 trains from Kentish and other East Coast towns, and 32 of these trains originated on the Southern Railway. [...] Moreover, during the period of intensive B.E.F. evacuation, the British railways also carried some 20,000,000 passengers and over 6,000,000 tons of freight.
ref: 1940 July, “Notes and News: A Magnificent Transport Achievement”, in Railway Magazine, page 420:
glosses: Withdrawal of troops or civils from a town, country, fortress, etc.
glosses: The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or discharging, including creating a vacuum.
examples: text: A large evening meal, deep sleep in a better bed than hers, a full evacuation, a hot bath (her own house had only a cold shower), a breakfast of bacon and eggs and sausages from Crabbe's boy — these had smoothed and restored her.
ref: 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 561:
glosses: Voidance of any matter by the natural passages of the body or by an artificial opening; defecation; urination; also, a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means.
examples: text: The Abſcess being broken an Ulcer is left behind, which may be known by the Evacuation of Matter by Vomit and Stool
ref: 1685, John Pechey, The Storehouse of Physical Practice:
glosses: That which is evacuated or discharged; especially, a discharge by stool, urine or other natural means.
examples: text: evacuation of all Romish ceremonies
ref: 1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
glosses: Abolition; nullification.
Derived terms: CASEVAC
evac
Evacuation Day
intact dilation and evacuation
med-evac
noncombatant evacuation operations
nonevacuation
self-evacuation
tactical aeromedical evacuation
voice evacuation
Related terms: evacuee
evacuate
evacuation slide
evaluation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: evaluations
Etymology: From Middle French évaluation. Morphologically evaluate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: The result of the semestral evaluation will go towards your final score.
glosses: An assessment, such as an annual personnel performance review used as the basis for a salary increase or bonus, or a summary of a particular situation.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A completion of a mathematical operation; a valuation.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: Determination of the value of a variable or expression.
Derived terms: bioevaluation
evaluational
function-evaluation routine
lazy evaluation
McCarthy evaluation
metaevaluation
minimal evaluation
misevaluation
nonevaluation
overevaluation
partial evaluation
program evaluation and review technique
program evaluation review technique
project evaluation and review technique
project evaluation review technique
re-evaluation
reevaluation
self-evaluation
short-circuit evaluation
Related terms: evaluate
revaluation
valuation
evangelization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: evangelizations
Etymology: From evangelize + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Their cooperation was really anticipated and their middle position gave evangelization a more disposing tone as the message could be given from native evangelizers too.
ref: 2001, Nkem Hyginus M. V. Chigere, Foreign Missionary Background and Indigenous Evangelization in Igboland, page 288:
glosses: The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized.
evaporation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: evaporations
Etymology: From French évaporation, from Latin evaporatio. Morphologically evaporate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The process of a liquid converting to the gaseous state.
glosses: The process in which all or a portion of liquid (in a container) is turned into vapour, in order to increase the concentration of solid matter in the mixture.
glosses: That which is evaporated; vapor.
Derived terms: coevaporation
evapocondensation
evaporational
evapotranspiration
hyperevaporation
nonevaporation
pervaporation
photoevaporation
reevaporation
rotoevaporation
Related terms: word: vaporization
english: the process of a solid converting directly to a gaseous state
translation: the process of a solid converting directly to a gaseous state
word: sublimation
punitive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpju.nɪ.tɪv/
Forms: form: more punitive
form: most punitive
Etymology: From Middle French punitif, from Medieval Latin pūnitīvus, from pūniō (“I punish”).
Senses: examples: text: Beijing imposed punitive sanctions on Canada.
text: The jury awarded $10,000 in punitive damages.
topics: government
law
military
politics
war
synonyms: word: punitory
glosses: Inflicting punishment; punishing.
Derived terms: punitive damages
punitively
punitive populism
Related terms: punishment
evisceration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: eviscerations
Senses: examples: text: The evisceration of the animal was accomplished with a single blow of the knife.
glosses: A disemboweling; the removal of viscera.
examples: text: The critic delivered another evisceration of the latest movie.
text: If you were a Belgian, it was pretty and what you would have expected from your boys. If you were a Scot it was painful, an evisceration of McLeish's notion that his team were good enough to go "toe-to-toe" with the third best team in the world. Delusional.
ref: 2018 September 7, Tom English, “Scotland 0-4 Belgium”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: A vigorous verbal or physical assault.
Synonyms: exenteration
Derived terms: abdominal evisceration
evocation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: evocations
Etymology: From Middle French évocation.
Senses: examples: text: Schepisi makes it clear that the outlandish rules, the strict self-discipline, the body hatred, and erotophobia is destructive; it is doing no one any good. But since he is also presenting a (somewhat) loving evocation of his own past, this measure gets soft peddled.
ref: 1982 February 13, Michael Bronski, “Boys from Catholic School”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 29, page 12:
text: a stunningly atmospheric evocation of urban ennui
ref: 2012, The Onion Book of Known Knowledge, page 10:
glosses: The act of calling out or forth, or evoking.
Derived terms: evocationism
Related terms: evoke
invocation
exact
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪɡˈzækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: exacter
form: more exact
form: exactest
form: most exact
Etymology: From Latin exāctus (the verb via Middle English exact), perfect passive participle of exigō (“demand, claim as due; measure by a standard, weigh, test”), from ex (“out”) + agō (“drive”).
Senses: examples: text: The clock keeps exact time.
text: He paid the exact debt.
text: an exact copy of a letter
text: exact accounts
glosses: Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect.
examples: text: a man exact in observing an appointment
text: In my doings I was exact.
text: I see thou art exact of taste.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
text: During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant[…]
ref: 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond:
glosses: Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise; accurate; methodical; punctual.
examples: text: An exact command,
 Larded with many several sorts of reason.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
glosses: Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict.
qualifier: homological algebra
glosses: Such that the kernel of each morphism is the image of the preceding one.
raw_tags: of a sequence of morphisms in an abelian category
hypernyms: left exact
right exact
qualifier: homological algebra
glosses: Such that it preserves short exact sequences.
raw_tags: of a functor of abelian categories
Synonyms: sense: precisely agreeing
word: perfect
sense: precisely agreeing
word: true
sense: precisely agreeing
word: correct
sense: precisely agreeing
word: precise
sense: precisely or definitely conceived or stated
word: strict
word: spot on
Derived terms: exactamundo
exact change
exact cover
exactification
exactify
exactly
exactment
exactness
exact rhyme
exact same
exact science
exact sequence
long exact sequence
nonexact
overexact
same exact
short exact sequence
superexact
unexact
exact
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪɡˈzækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: exacts
form: exacting
form: exacted
form: exacted
Etymology: From Latin exāctus (the verb via Middle English exact), perfect passive participle of exigō (“demand, claim as due; measure by a standard, weigh, test”), from ex (“out”) + agō (“drive”).
Senses: examples: text: to exact tribute, fees, or obedience from someone
text: He said into them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 3:13:
text: Their goal is retributive: to exact a price from Palestinian civilians (and in some cases left-wing Israeli Jews, Christians, and Israeli security forces) for actions Israeli authorities take against the settlers, usually building enforcement in illegally built settlements.
ref: 2018, Edo Konrad, “Living in the constant shadow of settler violence”, in +972 Magazine:
text: She was a superb judge who gave her best and exacted the best from each of us, whether in agreement or disagreement.
ref: 2020 September 19, statement of Clarence Thomas on the death of Ruth Bader Ginsburghttps://www.scotusblog.com/2020/09/statements-from-supreme-court-justices-on-the-death-of-justice-ginsburg/
text: […] a generic, strikingly universal, deity, “ha-elohim,” who tests, who exacts and extracts, and who is the object of fear […]
ref: 2020, Kristine Henriksen Garroway, John W. Martens, Children and Methods, page 139:
glosses: To demand and enforce the payment or performance of, sometimes in a forcible or imperious way.
examples: text: I vvait, Madam, / To knovv vvhat your commands are; my deſignes / Exact me in another place.
ref: c. 1621–1623 (date written), Philip Massinger, The Maid of Honour. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1632, →OCLC, Act IIII, scene iv, signature I, verso:
glosses: To make desirable or necessary.
examples: text: to exact revenge on someone
glosses: To inflict; to forcibly obtain or produce; to visit.
Derived terms: exactable
exacter
exacting
exaction
exactor
unexacted
exact
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪɡˈzækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: more exact
form: most exact
Etymology: From Latin exāctus (the verb via Middle English exact), perfect passive participle of exigō (“demand, claim as due; measure by a standard, weigh, test”), from ex (“out”) + agō (“drive”).
Senses: examples: text: She's wearing the exact same sweater as I am!
glosses: exactly
Synonyms: sense: error-free manner
word: accurately
word: just
word: precisely
word: exactly
exaggeration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exaggerations
Etymology: From Latin exaggerātiō.
Senses: glosses: The act of heaping or piling up.
examples: text: They say he's a millionnaire, but that's a massive exaggeration.
glosses: The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth, reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement.
glosses: A representation of things beyond natural life, in expression, beauty, power, vigor.
Synonyms: overstatement
hyperbole
Derived terms: counterexaggeration
nonexaggeration
overexaggeration
exasperation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: exasperations
Senses: examples: text: Alone between the sheets / only brings exasperation
ref: 1983, Men At Work, “Overkill”, in Cargo:
glosses: The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger.
glosses: Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation.
except
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈsɛpt/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɛpt/
ipa: /ɪkˈsɛpt/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /əkˈsɛpt/
homophone: accept stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
rhymes: -ɛpt
Forms: form: excepts
form: excepting
form: excepted
form: excepted
form: excepte
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French excepter, from Latin exceptus.
Senses: examples: text: I find most people annoying — present company excepted, of course!
text: But this [ban on circumcision] must have been a provocation, as the emperor Antoninus Pius later acknowledged by excepting the Jews.
ref: 2007, Glen Bowersock, “Provocateur”, in London Review of Books, 29:4, page 17:
glosses: To exclude; to specify as being an exception.
examples: text: to except to a witness or his testimony
text: Except thou wilt except against my love.
ref: c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:
text: Yea, but methinks I hear some man except at these words […].
ref: , vol.1, New York Review Books 2001, p.312
text: The Athenians might fairly except against the practise of Democritus to be buried up in honey; as fearing to embezzle a great commodity of their Countrey
ref: 1658, Sir Thomas Browne, Urne-Burial, Penguin, published 2005, page 23:
text: he was a great lover of music, and perhaps, had he lived in town, might have passed for a connoisseur; for he always excepted against the finest compositions of Mr Handel.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To take exception, to object (to or against).
Related terms: exception
excipient