cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Kerguelen cabbage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Kerguelen cabbages
Etymology: From being a plant related to the common cabbages, a Brassicaceae, that looks like a cabbage, found in the Kerguelen Islands.
Senses: glosses: The edible, wind-pollinated flowering plant Pringlea antiscorbutica..
unicolor
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: unicolour
Etymology: From uni- + color.
Senses: glosses: Of one color; monochromatic.
Derived terms: unicolored
shottie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shotties
Etymology: From shot + -ie.
Senses: glosses: A shotgun.
examples: text: […] this bong had a garden hose funnel and Coke-can cone for the 'smoking matter', while also demonstrating the correct water levels and 'shottie'.
ref: 2016, Christian Manning, An Accessed Life:
glosses: A kind of bong.
feebly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfiːbli/
Forms: form: more feebly
form: most feebly
Etymology: From Middle English febly; equivalent to feeble + -ly, euphonically blending -le and -ly. Compare nimbly, nobly, and Latinate -ably and -ibly.
Senses: examples: text: Feebly ſhe ſhriekt, but ſo feebly indeed / That Britomart heard not the ſhrilling ſound.
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 4, page 95:
text: The hurt nigger moaned feebly somewhere nearby, and then fetched a deep sigh that made me mend my pace away from there.
ref: 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 215:
glosses: In a feeble manner.
Buffyverse
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʌfiˌvɝs/
Forms: form: the Buffyverse
Etymology: From Buffy + -verse.
Senses: examples: text: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (BtVS) is a televisual artifact that contains apocalyptic rhetoric in most episodes—apocalyptic in the sense that something is about to end in the Buffyverse, and rhetorical in the sense that something is going to change in the Buffyverse.
ref: 2009, Kylo-Patrick R. Hart, Annette Holba, Media and the Apocalypse, page 77:
text: 2009, Kevin K. Durand, It's All about Power, in Kevin K. Durand (editor), Buffy Meets the Academy: Essays on the Episodes and Scripts as Text, Part I: Power and the Buffy Canon, page 46,
In the Buffyverse, we encounter a true representation of shared power, of partnered power. Further, the “bad guys” are not the only paradigms of patriarchy in the Buffyverse that are overcome.
text: We can hardly be surprised when Buffy and Satsu find what warmth they can, as Willow does with her demon lover, in an intercut sex scene of the kind which typically precedes an apocalypse in the Buffyverse (#15, p. 26). Scenes like this confirm Em McAvan's point that the Buffyverse associates bisexuality with kink (paragraph 15).
ref: 2010, Lewis Call, “Slaying the Heteronormative: Representations of Alternative Sexuality in Buffy Season Eight Comics”, in Erin B. Waggoner, editor, Sexual Rhetoric in the Works of Joss Whedon: New Essays, page 115:
topics: lifestyle
glosses: The fictional world, or universe, which serves as the setting for the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Synonyms: Buffydom
Hypernyms: Whedonverse
Hyponyms: Wishverse
trifoliate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: trīfōʹlĭət
ipa: /tɹaɪˈfəʊlɪət/
Etymology: tri- (“three”) + Latin foliātus (“leaved”) Doublet of tréflé.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
coordinate_terms: unifoliate
bifoliate
quadrifoliate
glosses: Having or comprising three leaves, or (loosely) trifoliolate (with three leaflets) or having leaves with three parts, as the clover plant.
glosses: Comprising, abounding with, or featuring trefoils.
Derived terms: trifoliated
trifoliate orange
Related terms: word: trefoil
topics: botany
biology
natural-sciences
word: trifoliolate
word: trifolium
topics: botany
biology
natural-sciences
english: genus
translation: genus
word: Trifolium
word: trilobar
word: trilobular
trifoliate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: trīfōʹlĭət
ipa: /tɹaɪˈfəʊlɪət/
Forms: form: trifoliates
Etymology: tri- (“three”) + Latin foliātus (“leaved”) Doublet of tréflé.
Senses: glosses: A trifoliate plant
circumcised
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
urology
glosses: Of a man, having had the foreskin of the penis excised.
topics: medicine
sciences
urology
glosses: Of a woman, having had the clitoris, prepuce, or labia excised.
Synonyms: sense: of a man
word: circumcised
word: circed
word: clipped
word: cut
word: flayed
word: foreskinless
word: ringbarked
word: snipped
word: unbonneted
word: unforeskinned
Derived terms: noncircumcised
uncircumcised
Related terms: word: penis
circumcised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of circumcise
circumcised
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: circumciseds
Senses: examples: text: From far to near from near to far the circumciseds' sistrum
ref: 2017, The Complete Poetry of Aimé Césaire: Bilingual Edition:
text: 2018 Michael Burteaux, Academia.Edu and ResearchGate.Net
It also indicates some protection of the circumciseds against syphilis and gonorrhoea but they are more prone to genital warts.
glosses: A circumcised person.
excise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: excises
form: excize
Etymology: From Middle Dutch excijs, altered under the influence of Latin excisus (“cut out, removed”), from earlier accijs (“tax”), from Old French acceis (“tax, assessment”) (whence modern French accise), from Vulgar Latin *accensum, ultimately from Latin ad + census (“tax, census”).
Senses: examples: text: Andrew Houſtoun and Adam Muſhet, being Tackſmen of the Excize, did Imploy Thomas Rue to be their Collector, and gave him a Sallary of 30. pound Sterling for a year.
ref: 1668 July 3rd, James Dalrymple, “Thomas Rue contra Andrew Houſtoun” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 547
text: 1755, Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, "excise",
A hateful tax levied upon commodities, and adjudged not by the common judges of property, but wretches hired by those to whom Excise is paid.
text: 1787, Constitution of the United States of America, Article I, Section 8,
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts […] of the United States;
glosses: A tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to customs duties, charged on goods from outside the country).
Synonyms: excise tax
Derived terms: central excise
customs and excise
excise duty
excise glass
excise house
exciseman
excise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: excises
form: excising
form: excised
form: excised
form: excize
Etymology: From Middle Dutch excijs, altered under the influence of Latin excisus (“cut out, removed”), from earlier accijs (“tax”), from Old French acceis (“tax, assessment”) (whence modern French accise), from Vulgar Latin *accensum, ultimately from Latin ad + census (“tax, census”).
Senses: glosses: To impose an excise tax on something.
Derived terms: excisability
nonexcised
unexcised
excise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
ipa: /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/
ipa: /əkˈsaɪz/
ipa: /əkˈsaɪz/
ipa: /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: excises
form: excising
form: excised
form: excised
Etymology: From French exciser, from Latin excisus, past participle of excīdō (“cut out”), from ex (“out of, from”) + caedō (“cut”).
Senses: examples: text: [T]hey [warts] may be lifted up with the forceps, and excised with a knife or scissors, and the wound touched with nitrate of silver.
ref: 1846, William Youatt, The Dog:
text: 1901, Andrew Lang, Preface to the second edition of Myth, Ritual, and Religion,
In revising the book I […] have excised certain passages which, as the book first appeared, were inconsistent with its main thesis.
text: In the opposite direction the allowance of 103 min. for the 83.8 miles from Waterloo to Salisbury, which has remained untouched since the worst period in the war, when it included a Woking stop that long since has been excised, was another timing that left drivers completely nonplussed at times as to how to fill it out.
ref: 1949 July and August, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 257:
text: Insanity can be cured. Personality disorders are so inextricably entwined with the heart and mind and soul that it is well-nigh impossible to excise them.
ref: 1987, Ann Rule, Small Sacrifices, page 442:
text: A person is guilty of an offence if he excises, infibulates or otherwise mutilates the whole or any part of a girl’s labia majora, labia minora or clitoris.
ref: 2003, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Section 1(1)”, in Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003, →ISBN, page 14:
glosses: To cut out; to remove.
Derived terms: excisable
excisor
unexcised
Related terms: excision
exodus
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛksədəs/
ipa: /ˈɛɡzədəs/
Forms: form: exoduses
form: exodusing
form: exodused
form: exodused
Etymology: From Latin exodus, from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos, “expedition, procession, departure”). Doublet of exodos.
From late Old English only as a proper noun, Exodus, the biblical book; use as a common noun is from the early 17th century.
Senses: glosses: To depart from a place in a large group.
Related terms: exodist
exodust
thunk
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /θʌŋk/
rhymes: -ʌŋk
Etymology: By analogy with past tenses and past participles ending in "-unk", such as drunk and sunk.
Senses: examples: text: Who would have thunk those guys would have a problem with a little lie?
text: A skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk, but the stump thunk that the skunk stunk.
text: I could think of things I never thunk before ...
ref: 1939, “If I Only Had a Brain”, Harold Arlen (music), E.Y. Harburg (lyrics) (music), performed by Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, from The Wizard of Oz:
text: “Do you think I could have a minute to think about it?” “The prisoner needs a moment to think about it.” “It's ok. I thought about it.” “He's thunk about it.” “Okay. And I agree.”
ref: 2021 September 2, Paul Simms, “The Prisoner” (19:09 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 3, episode 1, spoken by Colin Robinson (Mark Proksch):
glosses: past participle of think
Derived terms: who would have thunk it
thunk
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /θʌŋk/
rhymes: -ʌŋk
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: glosses: Representing the dull sound of the impact of a heavy object striking another and coming to an immediate standstill, with neither object being broken by the impact.
thunk
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /θʌŋk/
rhymes: -ʌŋk
Forms: form: thunks
form: thunking
form: thunked
form: thunked
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: I was thunked on the head by his stick.
glosses: To strike against something, without breakage, making a "thunk" sound.
thunk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /θʌŋk/
rhymes: -ʌŋk
Forms: form: thunks
Etymology: Said by the inventors to be from the irregular jocular past tense of think (see Etymology 1), being coined when they realised that the type of an argument in ALGOL 60 could be predetermined at compile time (with a little compile-time “thought”).
Senses: examples: text: Not surprisingly, a thunk is more expensive to store than a single number[…].
ref: 2009, Bryan O'Sullivan, John Goerzen, Donald Bruce Stewart, Real World Haskell, O'Reilly, page 97:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
coordinate_terms: closure
qualifier: functional programming
glosses: A delayed computation.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: In the Scheme programming language, a function or procedure taking no arguments.
examples: text: If the provider of these DLLs has not updated the code to a 32-bit environment, you will have to switch to a new 32-bit library or write thunks between your 32-bit code and the 16-bit DLL.
ref: 1995 October 10, PC Mag, volume 14, number 17, page 326:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A specialized subroutine that one software module uses to execute code in another module.
Related terms: word: thunking
thunk
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /θʌŋk/
rhymes: -ʌŋk
Forms: form: thunks
form: thunking
form: thunked
form: thunked
Etymology: Said by the inventors to be from the irregular jocular past tense of think (see Etymology 1), being coined when they realised that the type of an argument in ALGOL 60 could be predetermined at compile time (with a little compile-time “thought”).
Senses: examples: text: Not surprisingly, a thunk is more expensive to store than a single number, and the more complex the thunked expression, the more space it needs. For something cheap such as arithmetic, thunking an expression is more computationally expensive than calculating it immediately.
ref: 2009, Bryan O'Sullivan, John Goerzen, Donald Bruce Stewart, Real World Haskell, O'Reilly, page 97:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
qualifier: functional programming
glosses: To delay (a computation).
examples: text: This efficiency is offset by the fact that some of the calls made by Win32 apps must now be thunked down to 16 bits, something that isn't necessary in Windows NT and OS/2.
ref: 1995 May 16, Andrew Schulman, “DOS is Dead? Look Again”, in PC Mag, volume 14, number 9, page 150:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To execute (code) by means of a thunk.
metamorphosise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: metamorphosises
form: metamorphosising
form: metamorphosised
form: metamorphosised
Senses: examples: text: In The Way of the Shaman, Michael Harner describes how dancing, accompanied by drumming, was a very common method (...) in traditional societies for a person to metamorphosise into a bird or other animal.
ref: 2002, Gini Graham Scott, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Shamanism, Alpha Books, published 2002, page 134:
text: It was funny to consider what things in life inspired a person to suddenly metamorphosise into something else.
ref: 2004, Elizaveta Ristrova, Taking Off My Sweater, Xlibris, published 2004, page 247:
glosses: Non-Oxford British English spelling of metamorphosize.
metamorphosize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: metamorphosizes
form: metamorphosizing
form: metamorphosized
form: metamorphosized
form: metamorphosise
Etymology: From metamorphose + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: "Sitting in the darkness and waiting doesn't come naturally for us even though we "sat" for nine months in our mother's womb, a development which is as mysterious and marvelous as that of a caterpillar metamorphosizing into a butterfly."
ref: 1995, Joyce Rupp, Little Pieces of Light...: Darkness and Personal Growth, page 36:
glosses: To undergo the process of metamorphosis; to metamorphose.
ghost imaging
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The process of creating a ghost image of all the contents of a hard drive as a backup that may be stored and later retrieved if needed.
Pleiades
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈplaɪ.əˌdiːz/
ipa: /ˈpliː.əˌdiz/
ipa: /ˈpleɪ.əˌdiz/
ipa: /ˈplaɪ.əˌdiz/
Etymology: From Latin Pleiades, from Ancient Greek Πλειάδες (Pleiádes). In the astronomical sense, displaced Old English seofonstierre (literally “the seven stars”).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The "seven sisters", companions of Artemis and daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: An open cluster of hot blue stars in the constellation Taurus, and the most easily visible such cluster from Earth.
Synonyms: Seven Sisters
Derived terms: Pleiadean
Related terms: Pleiad
Pleiadian
Hyades
Pollux
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Latin Pollūx, from Ancient Greek Πολυδεύκης (Poludeúkēs).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: One of the Dioscuri, son of Zeus and Leda, brother of Castor.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A star in the constellation Gemini; beta (β) Geminorum.
Derived terms: pollucite
polluxite
Related terms: Castor
kos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: koses
form: kos
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of coss.
executrix
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɹɪks/
Forms: form: executrices
form: executrixes
form: execx
form: exrx
form: exx
form: Ex'x
Etymology: From Middle English executrice, executrix, from Anglo-Norman and Medieval Latin execūtrīx. By surface analysis, execute + -trix.
Senses: examples: text: ‘That would be difficult, you know, Chettam, as she is an executrix, and she likes to go into these things—property, land, that kind of thing.’
ref: 1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 49, in Middlemarch […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book V, page 100:
text: His widow, Painter Georgia O'Keeffe, has carried on his educational work as executrix of his will by dividing Stieglitz' brilliant art collection and his own even more brilliant photographs among six widely spaced institutions […].
ref: 1949 November 14, “Art: Many Ways”, in Time, archived from the original on 07 Mar 2016:
text: One summer afternoon Mrs Oedipa Maas came home from a Tupperware party whose hostess had put perhaps too much kirsch in the fondue to find that she, Oedipa, had been named executor, or she supposed executrix, of the estate of one Pierce Inverarity […].
ref: 1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 1:
topics: law
glosses: A female executor; a woman appointed to execute a will.
Derived terms: coexecutrix
executrixship
Iain
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: -iːən
Forms: form: Ian
Etymology: From Scottish Gaelic. Cognate of John, see there for more.
Senses: glosses: A male given name from Scottish Gaelic, equivalent to English John.
Adigoppula
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A village in Palnadu district, India.
ice kachang
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From ice + Malay kacang (“red bean”), the latter spelled in pre-1972 spelling.
Senses: examples: text: ONE ICE KACHANG FIVE SPOONS PLEASE
Ice Kachang is something children in Singapore love, especially to cool off in the hot humid weather of Singapore. It is made up of ice shavings and boiled sweetened red beans and green jelly and sweet syrup drips on the mountain of ice shavings.
ref: 2021 September 20, Suchitthra Shreiyaa Lakshmi Vasu, The Divine Awakening and Miracles, Partridge Publishing Singapore, →ISBN:
text: Another favourite is 'Ice Kachang' (a dessert made from ice shavings combined with various syrups and fruits). The ice kachang man would wait outside schools with his push cart and the contraption which could shave the ice blocks.
ref: 2007, June Meyer, Memories of Malaya, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 183:
text: Li-Ching's favourite treats was the ice ball, a predecessor of ice kachang. Made of shaved ice moulded into the shape of a ball and drizzled with syrups of different flavours, children in the 1950s and 1960s loved the ice ball.
ref: 2012 August 3, Jaime Koh, Singapore Children Society, Singapore Childhood, World Scientific, →ISBN, page 92:
glosses: A dessert made from crushed ice with syrup and jelly poured on top.
ice milk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice milks
Senses: glosses: A dessert that resembles ice cream but is made of milk rather than cream.
Synonyms: word: iced milk
word: low-fat ice cream
word: milk ice
Related terms: sherbet
sorbet
yogurt
ice needle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice needles
Senses: glosses: a small crystal of ice floating in the high atmosphere; a constituent of snow mist
Antares
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ænˈtɛəɹ.iːz/
ipa: /ænˈtɑːɹ.iːz/
ipa: /ænˈtɛɹ.iz/
ipa: /ænˈtɑɹ.iz/
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin Antares, from Ancient Greek Ἀντάρης (Antárēs, “rival to Ares”).
Senses: glosses: Alpha Scorpii (α Sco), the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. It is a M type red giant, and is a binary with a B type companion visible in greenish.
ice nucleus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice nuclei
Senses: glosses: a small atmospheric particle, around which an ice crystal grows
ice-out
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice-outs
Etymology: From ice + out.
Senses: glosses: The annual thawing of winter ice on a body of water.
Alrisha
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic الرِّشَاء (ar-rišāʔ, literally “the cord, rope”).
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A binary star in the constellation Pisces; alpha (α) Piscium.
ice pack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice packs
Senses: glosses: A large floating mass of ice; pack ice.
glosses: A pack of crushed ice applied to the body in order to reduce pain or inflammation.
glosses: A plastic sac of silicone that can be cooled in a freezer and then used in a cool bag, cool box or cooler; a freezer block.
Synonyms: sense: plastic sac
word: slicka pad
Zubenelgenubi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˌzuːbənˌɛl.d͡ʒəˈnu.bi/
Etymology: From Arabic الزُّبَانَى الْجَنُوبِيّ (az-zubānā l-janūbiyy, “the Southern Claw”).
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A binary star in the constellation Libra; alpha (α) Librae.
Related terms: Zubeneschamali
Zubeneschamali
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˌzuːbənˌɛʃəˈmeɪli/
Etymology: Arabic الزُّبَانَى الشَّمَالِيّ (az-zubānā š-šamāliyy, “the Northern Claw”).
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: The brightest star in the constellation Libra; beta (β) Librae.
Related terms: Zubenelgenubi
East Indies
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: East-Indies
Etymology: From east + Indies, a qualification added to distinguish the original lands and islands of "India" (inclusive of areas from Subsaharan Africa to Indonesia and Japan) from the "West Indies".
Senses: glosses: Southeast Asia, especially Island Southeast Asia or Indonesia, but also including India, Indochina, Malaya and the Malay Archipelago, from the Philippines to Indonesia.
Derived terms: Dutch East Indies
Spanish East Indies
East Indian
East Indiaman
Related terms: West Indies
East India
Indies
East Indies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: East-Indies
Senses: glosses: plural of East Indie
interplant distance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: interplant distances
Senses: examples: text: The optimum interplant distance for crops depends on the species.
glosses: Standard distance between individual plants placed in an ordered garden or field.
ecologic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɒdʒɪk
Forms: form: more ecologic
form: most ecologic
form: œcologic
Etymology: From eco- + -logic.
Senses: synonyms: ecological
bionomic
bionomical
glosses: Relating to ecology, the interrelationships of organisms and their environment.
Derived terms: palaeoecologic
paleoecologic
Ruritania
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: -eɪniə
Etymology: Used by Anthony Hope as a setting for his novels.
Senses: glosses: A fictional kingdom in Central Europe.
glosses: A place of adventure, romance, and intrigue.
Derived terms: Ruritanian
rupia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹuːpi.ə/
rhymes: -uːpiə
Forms: form: rupias
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ῥυπία (rhupía), from ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”).
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: An ulcer due to syphilis.
Derived terms: rupial
rupia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹuːpi.ə/
rhymes: -uːpiə
Forms: form: rupias
Senses: glosses: The former currencies of Italian Somaliland and Portuguese India.
Related terms: rupee
rupiah
freaky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiː.ki/
rhymes: -iːki
Forms: form: freakier
form: freakiest
Etymology: From freak + -y.
Senses: synonyms: freakish
freaksome
glosses: Resembling a freak.
examples: text: I've heard the props and costumes in this play are quite freaky.
synonyms: word: aberrant
word: abnormal
word: alien
word: anomalous
word: as queer as Dick's hatband
word: bizarre
word: curious
word: deviant
word: discrepant
word: eerie
word: eldritch
word: errant
word: exceptional
word: extraordinary
word: fey
word: forby
word: freak
word: freakish
word: freaky
word: fremd
word: funny
word: heteroclite
word: hinky
word: incongruous
word: incongruitous
word: irregular
word: kooky
word: monstrous
word: nonstandard
word: odd
word: outlandish
word: out of the ordinary
word: outré
word: peculiar
word: quaint
word: queer
word: queer as a clockwork orange
word: queer as a nine bob note
word: queer as a three dollar bill
word: queer as a coot
word: queer as Dick's hatband
word: rare
word: rum
word: rummy
word: selcouth
word: seld
word: singular
word: strange
word: trippy
word: uncanny
word: uncommon
word: unconventional
word: unearthly
word: unexpected
word: unreasonable
word: unusual
word: unwonted
word: weird
word: weirdsome
word: yampy
glosses: Odd; bizarre; unusual.
examples: text: Have you met the freaky new guy who moved in next door?
synonyms: word: affreux
word: alarming
word: spine-tingling
word: appalling
word: awful
word: buggish
word: butt-clenching
word: buttock-clenching
word: dismayful
word: dreadful
word: fearful
word: flaysome
word: flesh-crawling
word: formidable
word: freaky
word: frightening
word: frightensome
word: frightful
word: ghastly
word: ghostly
word: grisly
word: hair-curling
word: hair-raising
word: horrible
word: horrid
word: horrific
word: horrifying
word: horripilating
word: pulse-pounding
word: scaring
word: scary
word: shocking
word: skin-crawling
word: terrible
word: terrifying
word: terrorsome
glosses: Scary; frightening.
examples: text: The things she asked me to do were too freaky for me.
text: GCN was prevented from covering the hearing by a police officer outside the building, who said that he would not allow representatives of "freaky" press inside.
ref: 1980 August 2, Denise Sudell, “Two Gay Men Arrested At Anti-Draft Demo”, in Gay Community News, page 1:
synonyms: kinky
perverted
glosses: Sexually deviant.
Derived terms: freakily
freakiness
freaky-deaky
get freaky
unfreaky
Related terms: freakish
get one's freak on
Hyades
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈhaɪ.ədiːz/
Etymology: From Middle English Hyades, Yades, from Latin Hyades, from Ancient Greek Ὑάδες (Huádes), nominative and vocative plural of Ὑ̄̆ᾰ́ς (Hū̆ắs, “one of the Hyades”).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Daughters of the Titan Atlas and sisters of the Pleiades.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: An open cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus, and the nearest visible such cluster to Earth.
Related terms: Pleiades
stave off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: staves off
form: staving off
form: staved off
form: staved off
form: stove off
form: stove off
Senses: examples: text: He drank plenty of orange juice, hoping to stave off the cold making the rounds at the office.
text: [Enid] answer'd with such craft as women use, / Guilty or guiltless, to stave off a chance / That breaks upon them perilously, […]
ref: 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Enid”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 64:
text: LANCE: Only through my training as a sex machine am I able to stave off genital turgidity.
ref: 2011, Jamie Noguchi, Yellow Peril: The View:
text: So it was perhaps political backlash from the trebling of public transport times between Harlech to Porthmadog if buses took over that staved off immediate talks of closure and the release of a £241,000 subsidy (2020: £3.8m).
ref: 2020 April 8, Howard Johnston, “East-ended? When the ECML was at risk”, in Rail, page 69:
glosses: To prevent something from happening; to obviate or avert.
DS
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: D. S.
form: D.S.
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
antonyms: DR
glosses: Initialism of drug susceptible or drug sensitive.
DS
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: DSs
form: DSes
form: D. S.
form: D.S.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Initialism of double strength.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Initialism of Down syndrome.
glosses: Initialism of Douglas Score (point ranking for deer antlers).
topics: government
law-enforcement
glosses: Initialism of detective sergeant; a police rank used in Commonwealth countries.
examples: text: It's been rumored for months, but Square Enix finally made it official: Kingdom Hearts is coming to DS.
ref: 2007 December 24, “Big in Japan”, in Nintendo Power, volume 222, page 16:
topics: video-games
glosses: Clipping of Nintendo DS.
topics: automotive
transport
vehicles
glosses: Clipping of DS Automobiles.
glosses: Initialism of directing staff.
examples: text: Let ‘F’ stand for the state of affairs that consists in finite persons possessing and exercising free will. Let ‘p’ stand for ‘God exists’; ‘q’ for ‘F obtains’; ‘r’ for ‘F poses a serious risk of evil’; and ‘s’ for ‘There is no option available to God that counters F.’ With this in place, the argument may be formalized as follows:
(1) [(p & q) & r] → s Premiss
(2) ~s Premiss
(3) ~[(p & q) & r] 1, 2 MT
(4) ~(p & q) v ~r 3 DM
(5) r Premiss
(6) ~(p & q) 4, 5 DS
(7) ~p v ~q 6 DM
(3) follows from the conjunction of (1) and (2) by modus tollens; De Morgan’s law applied to (3) yields (4); (4) and (5) together lead to (6) by disjunctive syllogism; and another application of De Morgan’s law takes us from (6) to the final conclusion, according to which either God exists or there is free will (but not both).
ref: 2004 August, J. L. Schellenberg, “The Atheist’s Free Will Offence”, in International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, volume 56, № 1, pages 11-12:
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Initialism of disjunctive syllogism.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Initialism of dal segno.
examples: text: You can get the general idea from a recent comment in response to a request from a mother for advice on where to send her DS (Darling Son) to school.
ref: 2011 March 17, Toby Young, “Mumsnet isn't representative of the 'squeezed middle'. It's just a bunch of Guardian-reading, laptop-wielding harpies”, in The Telegraph, archived from the original on 20 Mar 2011:
glosses: Initialism of dear/darling son.
topics: BDSM
lifestyle
sexuality
glosses: Alternative form of D/s.
topics: sciences
glosses: Initialism of decision science.
Derived terms: topics: pathology
medicine
sciences
word: DS-TB
Related terms: sense: policing
word: DCI
sense: policing
word: DI
sense: policing
word: DC
sense: policing
word: supt.
sense: policing
word: PC
sense: policing
word: WPC
DS
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: D. S.
form: D.S.
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of Discord.
directeur sportif
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: directeurs sportifs
Etymology: Borrowed from French directeur sportif.
Senses: glosses: The manager of a cycle racing team.
pochtecatl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pochteca
Etymology: From Classical Nahuatl pōchtēcatl (“merchant, trader”).
Senses: glosses: A trader in the Aztec Empire.
feed zone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: feed zones
form: feedzone
Senses: topics: cycling
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A designated place along the course of a bicycle race where it is permitted for the riders to receive food and energy drinks from their team support personnel.
examples: text: Thus the base of the effective reservoir is placed at 1500m depth, the actual location of the deepest major feed zone.
ref: 2012, R. Bowen, Geothermal Resources, page 105:
text: Pressure readings are taken downhole next to the feed zone and the total flow is measured on the surface using a separator.
ref: 2015, Ronald DiPippo, Geothermal Power Plants:
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The portion of a device in which material that is input through a feed tube or other portal accumulates before processing.
Proto-Greek
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Protogreek
Etymology: From proto- + Greek.
Senses: synonyms: protohellenic
glosses: The earliest form of the Greek language, the common ancestor of the Greek dialects, including Mycenaean and the classical Greek dialects.
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Proto-Hellenic terms
Protogreek
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Proto-Greek.
protohellenic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From proto- + Hellenic.
Senses: glosses: Proto-Greek.
common ancestor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: common ancestors
Senses: examples: text: The monarchs of Spain and the UK have a common ancestor namely Queen Victoria.
text: The chimpanzee and the gorilla have a common ancestor.
text: The theory of evolution states that all life on Earth has a common ancestor.
glosses: An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common.
Derived terms: last common ancestor
ice palace
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice palaces
Senses: synonyms: ice castle
glosses: A temporary structure, similar to a small palace or castle, made from blocks of ice.
ice pick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice picks
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of icepick.
ice plant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice plants
form: ice-plant
form: iceplant
form: icicle plant
Senses: glosses: A succulent annual, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, of the fig marigold family, having pale pink flowers and fleshy leaves covered with glistening water vesicles.
glosses: Any of several plants in fig marigold family, Aizoaceae, which were formerly classified in the genus Mesembryanthemum along with Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.
glosses: Any of several plants in fig marigold family, Aizoaceae, which were formerly classified in the genus Mesembryanthemum along with Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.
Especially, Carpobrotus edulis.
Synonyms: sense: Aizoaceae
word: fig marigold
sense: Aizoaceae
word: pebble plant
sense: Caprobrotus edulis
word: Hottentot fig
ice racing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: the sport of racing cars or other vehicles on frozen lakes or rivers
ice rink
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice rinks
form: icerink
Senses: synonyms: ice skating rink
skating rink
glosses: A specially frozen surface of water on which people skate or play ice hockey; the building that houses such a surface.
icerink
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: icerinks
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of ice rink.
ice scour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice scours
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A narrow ditch on a seabed, formed by the movement of pack ice.
pack ice
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pack ices
Senses: examples: text: Pack ice, at times mounting to a height of 35 ft., snow, fog, and floating mines all played their part in the disorganisation of railway services, and most of the train ferry services were completely suspended for a month or more; [...].
ref: 1940 May, “Overseas Railways: Icebound Denmark”, in Railway Magazine, page 302:
text: […] the sea ices: pack ices, ice floes, ice rinds, ice hummocks ...; the coastal ices, fast ice, shore ices, glacial-ice, tongues, ice piedmonts; […]
ref: 1986, Stephen Pyne, The Ice, page 4:
synonyms: hummocky ice
ice pack
glosses: A large consolidated mass of floating sea ice.
sea ice
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sea-ice
Senses: glosses: Frozen seawater.
Hyponyms: drift ice
fast ice
pack ice
in common
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Senses: examples: text: My cousin and I have a grandfather and grandmother in common.
glosses: Shared with one or more others.
glosses: Held in joint possession.
examples: text: I hate being alone with my boss as we have nothing in common.
text: Brittany is a relatively barren and sparsely populated land, and had it not been for tourists, the fishing and the cultivation of potatoes, the life of the people would have been hard indeed. It has, in fact, much in common with Western Ireland.
ref: 1957 February 24, P. B. Whitehouse, “Narrow Gauge from St. Brieuc”, in Railway Magazine, page 85:
text: The closest affinities of the Jubulaceae are with the Lejeuneaceae. The two families share in common: (a) elaters usually 1-spiral, trumpet-shaped and fixed to the capsule valves, distally[…]
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 4:
text: You'll say, we've got nothing in common
No common ground to start from
And we're falling apart
ref: 1993 October 13, Todd Pipes, “Breakfast at Tiffany's”, in Home, performed by Deep Blue Something, published 11 July 1995:
text: Shepard: No, you were right. There is something between us.
Liara: I knew it! And I knew you felt it, too. But... does this not seem rather strange? Why do I feel so close to you?
Liara: We have only known each other a short time. We are from two different species. We have almost nothing in common. This makes no sense!
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-1:
glosses: Possessing similar or identical qualities.
ice scraper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice scrapers
Senses: glosses: a handheld tool for removing ice from car windows etc
rickettsiae
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of rickettsia
sycomore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪkəmɔː(ɹ)/
homophone: sycamore
Forms: form: sycomores
Etymology: Obsolete spelling of sycamore that hearkens closer to the word's Greek roots. Some writers have used the more Hellenic sycomore when referring to the Biblical tree to distinguish it from other trees now called sycamore.
Senses: examples: text: And the king made siluer to be in Ierusalem as stones, and Cedars made he to be as the Sycomore trees, that are in the vale for abundance.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 10:27:
text: The Sycomore was and is one of the common trees of Egypt, and its wood was employed for the manufacture of mummy cases, and for doors, boxes, and all articles of furniture. […] So valuable was this tree that David appointed a special overseer “over the olive trees and sycomore trees that were in the low plains” (1 Chron. xxvii. 28) […]
ref: 1873, Henry Baker Tristram, The Natural History of the Bible, page 398:
glosses: A type of fig, Ficus sycomorus, native to the Middle East; the sycamore tree of the Bible.
Synonyms: fig-mulberry
sycamore fig
sycomore fig
Related terms: sycamore
rickettsia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rickettsias
form: rickettsiae
Etymology: Borrowed from translingual Rickettsia (genus name), from Howard Taylor Ricketts, equivalent to Ricketts + -ia.
Senses: glosses: Any of a group of gram-negative bacteria, of the genus Rickettsia, carried as parasites by ticks, fleas and lice, that cause typhus and other diseases.
glosses: Any bacterium of the order Rickettsiales.
Derived terms: rickettsial
rickettsialpox
rickettsiology
Related terms: english: genus
translation: genus
word: Rickettsia
english: tribe
translation: tribe
word: Rickettsieae
english: family
translation: family
word: Rickettsiaceae
english: order
translation: order
word: Rickettsiales
petabyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛtəbaɪt/
Forms: form: petabytes
Etymology: From peta- + byte.
Senses: glosses: One quadrillion (10¹⁵, or 1,000,000,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 terabytes.
examples: text: As we moved along that progression, we went from the folder analogy to the file cabinet analogy to the library analogy to — well, at petabytes we ran out of organizational analogies.
ref: 2008 June 23, Chris Anderson, “The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete”, in Wired, →ISSN:
text: The Hadron Collider has gone from producing 320 terabytes of data a week to a petabyte a second. In short, it has been said that the total amount of data created worldwide in 2011 was about one zetabyte^([sic]) (or 1,000,000 petabytes) and that this figure will increase by 50%–60% in each subsequent year.
ref: 2017, Jeffrey R. Di Leo, Higher Education under Late Capitalism, Springer, →ISBN, page 82:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A pebibyte.
Synonyms: PB
Coordinate terms: sense: Previous
word: terabyte
sense: Next
word: exabyte
Derived terms: multipetabyte
Related terms: pebibit
pebibyte
petabit
Nicolaitanism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Nicolaitan + -ism.
Senses: glosses: The beliefs of the Nicolaitans, an early Christian group or sect.
sociology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sō-shē-ŏl′-əjē
ipa: /ˌsəʊsiːˈɒləd͡ʒiː/
ipa: /ˌsəʊʃiːˈɒləd͡ʒiː/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˌsoʊʃiˈɑləd͡ʒi/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˌsoʊsiˈɒləd͡ʒi/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˌsoʊʃiˈɒləd͡ʒi/
ipa: /ˌsəʉsiːˈɔləd͡ʒiː/
ipa: /ˌsəʉʃiːˈɔləd͡ʒiː/
ipa: /ˌsɐʉsiːˈɒləd͡ʒiː/
ipa: [ˌsɐʉsiːˈɔ̟ləd͡ʒiː]
ipa: /ˌsɐʉʃiːˈɒləd͡ʒiː/
ipa: [ˌsɐʉʃiːˈɔ̟ləd͡ʒiː]
Forms: form: sociologies
Etymology: From French sociologie, coined by Auguste Comte in 1834, itself a combination of Latin socius (“companion, fellowship”) and the Greek suffix Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía), itself from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “word, knowledge”), from socio- + -logy.
Previous mentions of the field in English usually referred to it as social physics.
Senses: examples: text: Maisie says that Danny entered the manosphere through the realm of self-help, which Cynthia Miller-Idriss, a sociology professor at American University who specializes in extremism, says is “a great example of how radicalization works.”
ref: 2024 November 20, Fortesa Latifi, “How These Men Left the Manosphere — and Why Some May Never”, in Teen Vogue:
glosses: A social science that studies society, human social interaction, patterns of social relationships, and the interactions of culture. Through both theory and applied research, it engages subject matters across a range of microanalysis, mesoanalysis, and macroanalysis.
Synonyms: word: sociology
Meronyms: word: political science
Derived terms: anthroposociology
biosociology
cow sociology
cybersociology
ethnosociology
formal sociology
historical sociology
macrosociology
mathematical sociology
metasociology
microsociology
neurosociology
nonsociology
phytosociology
pseudosociology
psychosociology
sociologese
sociologist
sociologistic
sociologize
xenosociology
zoosociology
Related terms: word: anthropology
word: psychology
word: macroanalysis
word: mesoanalysis
word: microanalysis
word: society
word: :Category:Sociology
Nicholaitan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Nicholaitans
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Nicolaitan.
quaere
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɪəɹi/
rhymes: -ɪəɹi
Forms: form: quaeres
form: quaereing
form: quaered
form: quaered
form: quære
Etymology: From Latin quaere, second-person singular present active imperative of quaerō (“seek, look for; ask”).
Senses: examples: text: Suppose then the cube and sphere placed on a table, and the blind man be made to see: quaere, whether by his sight, before he touched them, he could now distinguish and tell which is the globe, which the cube?
ref: 1689, John Locke, An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding:
text: Now, she cannot express her emotions fully: Quaere: will she feel them fully?
ref: 1970, Patrick O'Brian, Master and Commander:
qualifier: archaic outside of law
glosses: To ask or query; used imperatively to introduce a question or signify doubt.
quaere
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɪəɹi/
rhymes: -ɪəɹi
Forms: form: quaeres
form: quære
Etymology: From Latin quaere, second-person singular present active imperative of quaerō (“seek, look for; ask”).
Senses: examples: text: Had ten dozen of hornets stung him behind in so many places all at one time,—he could not have […] started half so much, as with one single quære of three words unseasonably popping in full upon him.
ref: 1761, Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume 3, Penguin, published 2003, page 216:
glosses: A question or query.
heretike
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: heretikes
Senses: examples: text: The examination of Iohn Iackeson, had before Doct. Cooke, the xi. day of March. Anno.1556. FIrst when I came before him, he rayled on me, and called me heretike. I aunswered and saide: I am no heretike.
ref: 1563, John Foxe, Foxe's Book of Martyrs:
text: nicholaitan, (g) an heretike, like Nicholas, who helde that wiues ſhould bee common to all alike.
ref: 1604, Robert Cawdrey, “nicholaitan”, in A Table Alphabeticall, […]:
text: "I speake out of perfect knowledge, because presently after this Popes death I my selfe was in Rome: and as Honorius Pope, was by three generall Councels accounted a Monothelite Heretike for his hereticall and doctrinall Epistles, which he wrote to Sergius Patriarke, and by him to the East Churches with divers other Popes, whose erroneous doctrinall Epistles cannot bee denied, nor by any meanes excused from errour or heresie, unlesse by some such a Golias, who will adventure after the censure of three Generall councels, and divers Popes to defend Honorius from being an Heretike," Ref The Christian History Institute.
ref: 1611, Theophilus Higgons, Reasons proving the lawfulness of the Oath of Allegiance:
glosses: Archaic spelling of heretic.
Nicolaitan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /nɪ.kəˈleɪ.ɪ.t(ə)n/
Forms: form: Nicolaitans
form: Nicholaitan
Etymology: From Nicolaite + -an.
Senses: examples: text: nicholaitan, (g) an heretike, like Nicholas, who helde that wiues ſhould bee common to all alike.
ref: [1604, Robert Cawdrey, “nicholaitan”, in A Table Alphabeticall, […]:
text: But this thou hast, that thou hatest the deeds of the Nicolaitans, which also I hate....So hast thou also them that hold to the doctrine of the Nicolaitans.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 2:6:
glosses: A member of an early Christian sect (Nicolaism), said to participate in certain pagan ceremonies.
Derived terms: Nicolaitanism
Pinkerton
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɪŋkətən/
ipa: /ˈpɪŋkɚtən/
Forms: form: Pinkertons
Etymology: Habitational surname from a place near Dunbar, from an unexplained first element + Old English tūn (“enclosure”). This surname is well established in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Senses: glosses: A habitational surname from Old English.