cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Renuka
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Sanskrit रेणुका (reṇukā).
Senses: glosses: Name of the wife of Jamadagni and mother of Parasurama (she was the daughter of रेणु) in Mahabharata.
glosses: A female given name from Sanskrit commonly used in India.
Synonyms: Yellamma
Mariamma
Chaniamma
Gangamma
Kariyamma
Marter
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Marters
Etymology: A nickname from Middle English martren (“marten”).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Middle English.
ground pine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ground pines
form: ground-pine
Senses: glosses: Any of several plants, none of which are true pines:
Ajuga, a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; also, specifically
glosses: Any of several plants, none of which are true pines:
Ajuga, a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; also, specifically:
Ajuga chamaepitys (yellow bugle), native to Europe, the eastern part of the Mediterranean, and North Africa
glosses: Any of several plants, none of which are true pines:
Diphasiastrum complanatum (syn. Lycopodium complanatum) (northern running-pine), a species of clubmoss native to dry coniferous forests throughout the holarctic region.
glosses: Any of several plants, none of which are true pines:
Lycopodium, a genus of clubmosses in the family Lycopodiaceae, a family allied to the ferns, specifically:
Lycopodium obscurum (princess pine), native to eastern North America
glosses: Any of several plants, none of which are true pines:
Lycopodium, a genus of clubmosses in the family Lycopodiaceae, a family allied to the ferns, specifically:
Lycopodium clavatum (stag's-horn clubmoss, running clubmoss)
Asatrian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Asatrians
Etymology: Variant of Asatryan.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Armenian.
Asian black bear
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Asian black bears
Senses: examples: text: The Auvergne bear, Ursus minimus, was similar to, but a little smaller than, the Asian black bear.
ref: 2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 140:
glosses: A bear of the species Ursus thibetanus (previously known as Selenarctos thibetanus).
Synonyms: Asiatic black bear
moon bear
white-chested bear
glomerulonephropathy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: glomerulonephropathies
Etymology: From glomerulo- + nephropathy.
Senses: examples: text: Samples from 102 adult Dogue de Bordeaux dogs (47 non-proteinuric [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio≤0.2], 20 borderline-proteinuric [0.2 0.5]) were used, of which 2 were suffering from familial glomerulonephropathy.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Characterization of Proteinuria in Dogue de Bordeaux Dogs, a Breed Predisposed to a Familial Glomerulonephropathy: A Retrospective Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: Any disease of the renal glomeruli
hemosideroses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: hemosiderin + -oses
Senses: examples: text: The liver is the main site of iron storage in humans, and the liver iron concentration (LIC) correlates closely with total body iron stores in healthy persons as well as patients with genetic hemochromatosis and secondary hemosideroses such as thalassemia major and sickle cell disease [7 ].
ref: 2015 July 17, “Reassessment of Iron Biomarkers for Prediction of Dialysis Iron Overload: An MRI Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of hemosiderosis
uptaker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: uptakers
Etymology: From uptake + -er.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A speech act that takes up a topic raised by a previous speaker.
uptakers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of uptaker
allis shad
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: allis shad
form: allice shad
Etymology: Allis (see alose) + shad
Senses: glosses: A herring-like fish (Alosa alosa), of the eastern Atlantic that migrates to fresh water to spawn.
e-newspaper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: e-newspapers
Etymology: From e- + newspaper.
Senses: hyponyms: online newspaper
glosses: A newspaper published in electronic form.
e-newspapers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of e-newspaper
geocultural
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From geo- + cultural.
Senses: glosses: Relating to geoculture
Derived terms: geoculturally
hexacosanol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hexacosanols
Senses: examples: text: The primary form of wax in the Lactuca genus was the C26 alcohol, hexacosanol.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Influence of Epicuticular Physicochemical Properties on Porcine Rotavirus Adsorption to 24 Leafy Green Vegetables and Tomatoes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of very many isomeric aliphatic alcohols having 26 carbon atoms, but especially the unbranched primary alcohol 1-hexacosanol.
infillings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: At the contact to sediment infillings, fungi produced haustoria that penetrated and scavenged on the remains of fragmented marine organisms.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Zygomycetes in Vesicular Basanites from Vesteris Seamount, Greenland Basin – A New Type of Cryptoendolithic Fungi”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of infilling
hosemonkeys
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hosemonkey
micromolecule
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: micromolecules
Etymology: From micro- + molecule.
Senses: glosses: A molecule that has a relatively small molecular weight and contains relatively few atoms
Related terms: macromolecule
micromolecules
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: As found for chlorophyll most of the other micromolecules identified were found in lower concentration in the cells of chlorotic cultures.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Persistence of Only a Minute Viable Population in Chlorotic Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 Cultures Obtained by Nutrient Limitation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of micromolecule
great bustard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: great bustards
Senses: glosses: A bird of the species Otis tarda, native to Iberia, but found at least seasonally in many parts of Eurasia.
monocomponent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From mono- + component.
Senses: examples: text: In contrast, the examined one- or two-component ACVs prevented only between 59% and 75% of typical whooping cough, however, a new Danish monocomponent ACV, containing only Ptx toxoid, was recently shown to achieve excellent 93% efficacy against severe pertussis requiring hospitalisation [3 ].
ref: 2015 July 17, “Genetic Variation of Bordetella pertussis in Austria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Having a single component
monocomponent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: monocomponents
Etymology: From mono- + component.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A single component usually administered with another
Herderian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Herder + -ian.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic.
translinguistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From trans- + linguistic.
Senses: glosses: Across languages.
nephroangiosclerosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nephroangioscleroses
Etymology: From nephro- + angiosclerosis.
Senses: examples: text: The recorded causes of kidney disease were as follows: diabetic nephropathy (in 21% of the patients), nephroangiosclerosis and glomerulonephritis (18%), interstitial nephropathy (7%), hypertensive nephropathy (5%), polykystosis (5%) and other recorded diagnoses (hereditary disease, solitary kidney, dysglobulinemia, and systemic disease) (22%).
ref: 2015 July 17, “The Addition of Vascular Calcification Scores to Traditional Risk Factors Improves Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: sclerosis of the renal arterioles
Raggastani
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Raggastanis
form: raggastani
Etymology: See ragga and -stan.
Senses: examples: text: Raggastanis spoke a strange mix of Jamaican patois, Bengali, Gujarati and English.
ref: 2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 231:
text: People’re always tryin to stick a label on our scene. That’s the problem with havin a fuckin scene. First we was rudeboys, then we be Indian niggas, then rajamuffins, then raggastanis, Britasians, fuckin Indobrits.
ref: 2006, Gautam Malkani, Londonstani, HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 5:
glosses: One who adopts elements of both Caribbean and South Asian language and culture.
Raggastanis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Raggastani
common ling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: common lings
Senses: glosses: A fish of the species Molva molva, of eastern Atlantic waters, especially the North Sea.
Synonyms: sense: Molva molva
word: ling
schizotexts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of schizotext
oxazaphosphorine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: oxazaphosphorines
Etymology: From oxaza- + phosphorine.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any saturated six-membered heterocycle containing three carbon atoms and one each of oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, especially one in which the phosphorus atom is linked to both the nitrogen and oxygen atoms
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Any of a family of anticancer drugs that contain this structure
oxazaphosphorines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: For example, Waxman et al. reported the use of oxazaphosphorines as CYP inducers that effectively activate anticancer prodrugs [29 ].
ref: 2015 July 17, “The Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytochrome P450-Mediated Prodrug Activation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of oxazaphosphorine
gurudwara
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gurudwaras
Senses: examples: text: But the other worshipers at the temple, known as a gurudwara, were a bit perplexed by the prayer the guru offered for Balbir Singh’s household.
ref: 2015 July 29, Nida Najar, “N.B.A. Pick From India Makes Entire Village Feel 7 Feet Tall”, in New York Times:
glosses: Alternative form of gurdwara.
gurudwaras
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of gurudwara
pairwisely
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From pairwise + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Computation and visualization were achieved using heatmap.plus package in R. Differentially expressed gene identification By using Cufflinks and cuffdiff, we identified pairwisely differentially expressed genes (DEG) based on the following criteria: fold change ≥2 (or log2 fold ≥ 1) and FDR ≤ 0.05.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Abraxane, the Nanoparticle Formulation of Paclitaxel Can Induce Drug Resistance by Up-Regulation of P-gp”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of pairwise.
moralisers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of moraliser
carpenter bee
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: carpenter bees
Senses: glosses: A bee of the subfamily Xylocopinae, that burrows in dead wood.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Xylocopa californica
word: California carpenter bee
taxonomic: Xylocopa virginica
word: eastern carpenter bee
taxonomic: Xylocopa virginica
word: great carpenter bee
taxonomic: Ceratina spp.
word: small carpenter bee
taxonomic: Xylocopa micans
word: southern carpenter bee
taxonomic: Xylocopa varipuncta
word: valley carpenter bee
taxonomic: Xylocopa violacea
word: violet carpenter bee
ganglords
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ganglord
polyglycine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: polyglycines
Etymology: From poly- + glycine.
Senses: examples: text: Glycine loops are characterized by polyglycine repeats punctuated intermittently (every 3–6 residues in the head domain) by aromatic residues [46 ].
ref: 2015 July 17, “Complete Structure of an Epithelial Keratin Dimer: Implications for Intermediate Filament Assembly”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Multiple glycine residues linked together as part of a polypeptide
aldosidic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From aldoside + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: No peaks with two Kdo residues were found, since the ketosidic bond is much more acid-labile than the common aldosidic bonds.
ref: 2015 July 22, Angela Casillo et al., “Structural Investigation of the Oligosaccharide Portion Isolated from the Lipooligosaccharide of the Permafrost Psychrophile Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to aldosides.
predenaturation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Etymology: From pre- + denaturation.
Senses: examples: text: Amplification conditions were as following: predenaturation at 94°C for 3 min, 32 cycles of amplification (94°C for 30s, 45°C-72°C for 30s and 72°C for 30s) and a final extension at 72°C for 5 min.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Identification of Laying-Related SNP Markers in Geese Using RAD Sequencing”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: preliminary denaturation
bihormonal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From bi- + hormonal.
Senses: examples: text: The underlying pathological aberrations comprise insulin resistance and bihormonal dysfunction of the pancreatic α- and β-cells.
ref: 2015 April 10, Xiaoping Chen, Wenying Yang, “Branched-chain amino acids and the association with type 2 diabetes”, in Journal of Diabetes Investigation, volume 6, →DOI:
glosses: Involving two hormones.
aldoside
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: aldosides
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any glucoside of an aldose.
Derived terms: aldosidic
aldosides
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of aldoside
choledochoduodenal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From choledocho- + duodenal.
Senses: examples: text: Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients in whom a diagnosis was made with ERCP of benign peripapillary choledochoduodenal fistula between January 2009 and August 2014.
ref: 2015 May 15, Dong Shao, Jian Ping Chen, “Comparison of endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation with conventional endoscopic sphincterotomy for peripapillary choledochoduodenal fistula with bile duct stones”, in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, volume 8:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Relating to the common bile duct and the duodenum.
preflush
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: preflushes
Etymology: From pre- + flush.
Senses: examples: text: The animals were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA; JT Baker, JTS898-7), after a saline preflush of 50mL that was used to remove the blood.
ref: 2015 July 17, “High-Throughput Method of Whole-Brain Sectioning, Using the Tape-Transfer Technique”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: A preliminary flush
cotranscribe
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: cotranscribes
form: cotranscribing
form: cotranscribed
form: cotranscribed
Etymology: From co- + transcribe.
Senses: examples: text: The microRNA-143/-145 (miR-143 and miR-145) encoding genes are located in close proximity with each other on human chromosome 5 and are believed to be cotranscribed in the same bicistronic transcript.
ref: 2015 June 28, Wang Zhao, Shui-Ping Zhao, Yu-Hong Zhao, “MicroRNA-143/-145 in Cardiovascular Diseases”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: To transcribe simultaneously.
cotranscribing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of cotranscribe
cotranscribes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cotranscribe
cotranscribed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of cotranscribe
dermoscopic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɒpɪk
Etymology: From dermo- + -scopic.
Senses: examples: text: In this case, it was possible to correlate the dermoscopic findings with the reflectance confocal microscopy and histopathological findings.
ref: 2015, Silvia Arroyo Rstom, Lorena Silva Libório, Francisco Macedo Paschoal, “Reflectance confocal microscopy of cutaneous melanoma. Correlation with dermoscopy and histopathology*”, in Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, volume 90, →DOI:
glosses: dermatoscopic
Derived terms: dermoscopically
teledermoscopic
difeconazole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Munkvold and O’Mara (2002) reported that fludioxonil was more effective in promoting rapid maize root growth compared with the fungicides captan and difeconazole.
ref: 2015 March 31, Tatiana de Á. Miguel et al., “Effect of fungicide on Fusarium verticillioides mycelial morphology and fumonisin B 1 production”, in Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, volume 46, →DOI:
glosses: A particular fungicide.
galeterone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From [Term?] + -terone (“antiandrogen”).
Senses: topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: A steroidal antiandrogen under development for the treatment of prostate cancer.
progametangium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: progametangia
Etymology: From pro- + gametangium.
Senses: topics: biology
mycology
natural-sciences
glosses: The structure, in some fungi, that develops into the gametangium.
Related terms: progametangial
progametangia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Note how the zygophores are tightly appressed parallel to each other while fusing to form the progametangia.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Zygomycetes in Vesicular Basanites from Vesteris Seamount, Greenland Basin – A New Type of Cryptoendolithic Fungi”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of progametangium
orteronel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A non-steroidal antiandrogen that was investigated as a cancer treatment but later dropped.
progametangial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to the progametangium.
pseudogenome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pseudogenomes
Etymology: From pseudo- + genome.
Senses: examples: text: Yet, our preliminary experiments with adding reverse-complemented reads to the generated sequence resulted in rather moderate improvement in the pseudogenome length (e.g., shorter by about 15%), while handling the queries requires significant changes in the used data structures (and possibly more space needed for them).
ref: 2015 July 17, “Indexing Arbitrary-Length k -Mers in Sequencing Reads”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A collection of genes that is only an incomplete genome
pseudogenomes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: When the pseudogenome is small (up to 300 Mbases) we cache the answers for all k ≤ 10, and for larges pseudogenomes for all k ≤ 11.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Indexing Arbitrary-Length k -Mers in Sequencing Reads”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of pseudogenome
etoricoxib
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˌtɔɹ.əˈkɑk.sɪb/
Etymology: From etori- (of unknown origin) + -coxib (“cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor”).
Senses: examples: text: A selective COX-2 inhibitor, etoricoxib, was reported to reduce the expression of NF-κB protein and inhibit DMH-induced colon ACF in rats.
ref: 2015 July 14, Li Zhang, Handong Wang, Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati, “Multiple Mechanisms of Anti-Cancer Effects Exerted by Astaxanthin”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: A synthetic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic, analgesic, and potential antineoplastic properties.
coxib
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coxibs
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any COX-2 selective inhibitor.
coxibs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of coxib
scoracious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: The seafloor there is composed of scoracious lava decorated with small sponge-crinoid mounds and featuring minor accumulations of sandy mud in small depressions [19 ].
ref: 2015 July 17, “Zygomycetes in Vesicular Basanites from Vesteris Seamount, Greenland Basin – A New Type of Cryptoendolithic Fungi”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of scoriaceous.
glucostatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Supporting the glucostatic hypothesis, in vivo studies have demonstrated destroying selected hypothalamic nuclei or regions, including the VMH, induces hyperphagia and obesity, while the ablation of the LHA, leads to hypophagia and loss of bodyweight.
ref: 2015 June 17, Roberto Elizondo-Vega et al., “The role of tanycytes in hypothalamic glucosensing”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 19, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to glucostasis.
dung heaps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dung heap
sandwich tern
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sandwich terns
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Sandwich tern.
glucurolactone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: A 9-year-old boy received a rifampicin-isoniazid-ethambutol regimen for suspected extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, and glucurolactone and vitamin B6 to provide liver protection and decrease neurotoxicity associated with isoniazid.
ref: 2015 May 15, Caihong Qu et al., “Successful diagnosis of hyperpyrexia induced by isoniazid in a child with suspected extra-pulmonary tuberculosis”, in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, volume 8:
glosses: Synonym of glucuronolactone.
synonyms: word: glucuronolactone
heterodisomic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From hetero- + disomic.
Senses: examples: text: In heterodisomic UPD, two distinct homologous chromosomes are received from one parent, indicating that an error took place during meiosis I.
ref: 2015 July 21, Jiawei Xu et al., “Genome-wide uniparental disomy screen in human discarded morphologically abnormal embryos”, in Scientific Reports, volume 5, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to heterodisomy.
isodisomic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From isodisomy + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to isodisomy.
slender sea lettuce
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: slender sea lettuces
Senses: glosses: Any of the algae of the genus Monostroma
Gabriel synthesis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Gabriel syntheses
Etymology: Named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines, traditionally by means of potassium phthalimide.
triploidization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From triploid + -ization.
Senses: examples: text: In these other populations, the preference of triploid females towards type I males is probably high enough to promote triploidization and counter the effect of the assortative mating occurring among the tetraploid genomotype (Fig 5 ).
ref: 2015 July 17, “Mate Choice Drives Evolutionary Stability in a Hybrid Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The conversion of a diploid or tetraploid organism into a triploid one
hyfrecation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Eyelid specific treatments for hidrocystomas have included carbon dioxide vaporization, electrosurgery, hyfrecation, botulinum toxin, and intralesional tricholoroacetic acid injection.
ref: 2015 January 13, Lucieni B. Ferraz et al., “Three Adult Cases of Orbital Hidrocystoma Presenting with Blepharoptosis”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:
glosses: The use of a hyfrecator.
hypophagia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From hypo- + -phagia.
Senses: examples: text: Supporting the glucostatic hypothesis, in vivo studies have demonstrated destroying selected hypothalamic nuclei or regions, including the VMH, induces hyperphagia and obesity, while the ablation of the LHA, leads to hypophagia and loss of bodyweight.
ref: 2015 June 17, Roberto Elizondo-Vega et al., “The role of tanycytes in hypothalamic glucosensing”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 19, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: undereating
tryptophanate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tryptophanates
Etymology: From tryptophan + -ate (“salt or ester”).
Senses: examples: text: The excipient of Abraxane is human albumin solution containing albumin, sodium, sodium caprylate and N-acetyl tryptophanate.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Abraxane, the Nanoparticle Formulation of Paclitaxel Can Induce Drug Resistance by Up-Regulation of P-gp”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any salt or ester of tryptophan.
inoscavin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inoscavins
Senses: examples: text: In this study, we found that inoscavin A and flavonoid were enriched in AcOEt and EtOH extracts, and we showed that these extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity in our studies.
ref: 2015 June 28, Wen-Han Wang et al., “Hypoglycemic Effect of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Extract of Phellinus baumii Fruiting Body in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Any of a group of bioactive compounds made by Phellinus linteus.
inoscavins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of inoscavin
sand lance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sand lances
form: sandlance
Senses: glosses: Any of the slender fish of the family Ammodytidae.
Synonyms: sense: Ammodytidae
word: sand eel
sense: Ammodytidae
word: launce
intertest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From inter- + test.
Senses: examples: text: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes or type 2 diabetics who were inadequately controlled with diet and exercise or had taken oral antidiabetic medication irregularly (treatment duration shorter than 6 months) and had stopped treatment for more than 1 month; (ii) two consecutive FBG tests in 1 week with a level of 8.0–13.5 mmol/L and an intertest difference of <1.8 mmol/L; and (iii) male, aged 18–75 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of ≤40 kg/m 2 .
ref: 2015 January 16, Long Wong et al., “Effects of sulfonylurea as initial treatment on testosterone of middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes: A 16-week, pilot study”, in Journal of Diabetes Investigation, volume 6, →DOI:
text: Despite its proven value as a screening tool, the BeLT, like most cell culture–radiolabel incorporation assays, is associated with some intratest, intertest, and interlaboratory variability and provides only a semiquantitative estimate of T cell activity, even when we optimize the methodology. Further methodologic refinements may enhance the test's reliability and predictive value.
ref: 1994, Lee S. Newman, “Beryllium lung disease: the role of cell-mediated immunity in pathogenesis”, in Jack H. Dean, Michael I. Luster, Albert E. Munson, Ian Kimber, editors, Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology (Target Organ Toxicology Series), 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 389:
glosses: Between or among tests (as with intertest variability or intertest scatter).
Related terms: interobserver
interrater
intertester
intraobserver
intrarater
intratest
intratester
isodisomies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of isodisomy
ketosidic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From ketoside + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: To identify the Kdo, the sample was then treated for the reduction of the carboxymethyl groups with sodium boro deuteride NaBD 4, mildly hydrolyzed (0.1 M trifluoroacetic acid TFA, 100 °C, 30 min) to cleave ketosidic linkages, followed by a reduction (NaBD 4) of hemiketal group.
ref: 2015 July 22, Angela Casillo et al., “Structural Investigation of the Oligosaccharide Portion Isolated from the Lipooligosaccharide of the Permafrost Psychrophile Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to ketosides.
underpacking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: underpackings
Etymology: From under- + packing.
Senses: examples: text: In the first case (c1), a ray hits the surface pocket before reaching the ligand: this indicates underpacking in the protein-ligand interface.
ref: 2015 July 17, “DARC 2.0: Improved Docking and Virtual Screening at Protein Interaction Sites”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Insufficient, or less than the usual amount of packing
underpacking
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From under- + packing.
Senses: examples: text: Before underpacking and lifting, showing depth to which No. 60056 had sunk
ref: 1955 March, “Rerailing a Pacific near Hitchin”, in Railway Magazine, page 183, photo caption:
glosses: present participle and gerund of underpack
leukoencephalomalacia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From leuko- + encephalo- + malacia.
Senses: glosses: A neurotoxic disease of horses.
agamy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: agamies
Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄγαμος (ágamos, “unmarried, single (of men)”). From a- (“not”) + -gamy (“marriage”).
Senses: examples: text: Cichlids exhibit monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, and agamy. […] In agamous relationships, there is no bond formed at all. They separate from each other immediately after spawning.
ref: 2012, David Oconner, Cichlid Fish: The Fascinationg World of Cichlid Care, David Oc, →ISBN, page 28:
coordinate_terms: monogamy
polygamy
glosses: Absence or nonrecognition of marriage, or absence of a pair bond.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Asexual reproduction.
Derived terms: agamist
Related terms: agamic
agamous
pneumotoxic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more pneumotoxic
form: most pneumotoxic
Etymology: From pneumo- + toxic.
Senses: glosses: Having a toxic effect on the lungs
Related terms: pneumotoxicity
pneumotoxin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pneumotoxins
Etymology: From pneumo- + toxin.
Senses: glosses: Any pneumotoxic substance.
ketoside
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ketosides
Etymology: From ketose + -ide.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any glycoside of a ketose
Derived terms: ketosidic
pneumotoxins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pneumotoxin
ketosides
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ketoside
agamies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of agamy
melanophage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: melanophages
Etymology: From melano- + -phage.
Senses: glosses: A phagocyte that engulfs melanin
Related terms: melanophagic
melanophagy
melanophages
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of melanophage
zygophore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: zygophores
Etymology: From zygo- + -phore.
Senses: topics: biology
mycology
natural-sciences
glosses: A specialized hyphal branch giving rise to isogametes that unite to produce a zygospore
zygophores
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Note how the zygophores are tightly appressed parallel to each other while fusing to form the progametangia.
ref: 2015 July 17, “Zygomycetes in Vesicular Basanites from Vesteris Seamount, Greenland Basin – A New Type of Cryptoendolithic Fungi”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of zygophore
midiprep
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: midipreps
Etymology: Shortening.
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: midipreparation
leucoencephalomalacia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of leukoencephalomalacia.
mislocalisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mislocalisations
Etymology: From mis- + localisation.
Senses: examples: text: In contrast, the RHO mutant iPSC-rod precursors had mislocalisation of the rhodopsin protein and increased expression of ER stress markers, which might be explained by the accumulation of unfolded rhodopsin.
ref: 2014 December 19, Fred K. Chen et al., “iPS Cells for Modelling and Treatment of Retinal Diseases”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 3, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of mislocalization.
mislocalisations
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mislocalisation
myonuclei
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of myonucleus
neogenetic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From neo- + genetic.
Senses: examples: text: To support this contention, Yoneda et al . 10 recently found a high frequency of insulin-positive duct cells, and an increased density of small neogenetic islets in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, but not any more in long-standing type 2 diabetic patients.
ref: 2014 October 18, Soroku Yagihashi, Hiroki Mizukami, Wataru Inaba, “Quo vadis: Where have the β-cells gone?”, in Journal of Diabetes Investigation, volume 6, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to neogenesis.
nonavalent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From nona- + -valent.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Having an atomic valence of 9.
examples: text: The Merck nonavalent HPV vaccine that is currently being tested would be better than both of these, because it protects from infection from 9 HPV types but would still not impact on all HPV types.
ref: 2015 April 2, Anna-Lise Williamson, Jane Grant-Kels, “The Interaction between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Papillomaviruses in Heterosexuals in Africa”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Having a vaccine valence of 9.
noninfarcted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + infarcted.
Senses: examples: text: Levels of miR-126 were increased in the noninfarcted zone at 6 h after coronary artery occlusion and at 24 h following a 30-minute ischemic insult.
ref: 2015 June 28, Mario Notari, Julián Pulecio, Ángel Raya, “Update on the Pathogenic Implications and Clinical Potential of microRNAs in Cardiac Disease”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Not infarcted.
nonstudy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + study.
Senses: examples: text: Change in acceptance of feedback by adding information based on qualitative analysis p =0.956: comparison of study group and nonstudy group within after routine feedback.
ref: 2015 July 6, Seilin Uhm et al., “Impact of tailored feedback in assessment of communication skills for medical students”, in Medical Education Online, volume 20, →DOI:
glosses: Not relating to an academic study.
odanacatib
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Evaluation of circulating levels of bone turnover markers (urinary N -telopeptide) demonstrated that odanacatib was equally effective in suppressing bone turnover markers as zoledronic acid in this short-term study and was well-tolerated.
ref: 2013 August 19, Demetrios Simos et al., “Bone-Targeted Agents for the Management of Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 2, →DOI:
glosses: An inhibitor of cathepsin K, being investigated as a treatment for osteoporosis and bone metastasis.
perimarginal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From peri- + marginal.
Senses: examples: text: Eccrine hidrocystoma, in contrast, are usually small (1–3 mm), located exclusively in the periorbital and lateral canthal area and they are absent at either the upper or lower eyelid margins or in the perimarginal skin, but may be rarely present in the dermis typically at the mid-level of the upper eyelid pretarsal skin, or in the lower eyelid skin near the inferior pole of the lower eyelid tarsus.
ref: 2015 January 13, Lucieni B. Ferraz et al., “Three Adult Cases of Orbital Hidrocystoma Presenting with Blepharoptosis”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:
glosses: Around a margin.
perifoveal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From peri- + foveal.
Senses: glosses: Around the fovea.
perifornical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From peri- + fornical.
Senses: glosses: Around the fornix.
opsonophagocytotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From opsono- + phagocytotic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to opsonophagocytosis.
oligosaccharidic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From oligosaccharide + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: After centrifugation, the supernatant containing the core oligosaccharidic portion of the LOS was separated from a precipitate constituted by the lipid A.
ref: 2015 July 22, Angela Casillo et al., “Structural Investigation of the Oligosaccharide Portion Isolated from the Lipooligosaccharide of the Permafrost Psychrophile Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to oligosaccharides.
nonectodermal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + ectodermal.
Senses: examples: text: In our lab, definitive neural progenitor cells were recently generated from piggy-Bac transposon iPSCs, and by inducing the NOTCH signaling pathway, we enhanced NPC generation with reduced expression of pluripotency and nonectodermal markers.
ref: 2014 December 29, Mohamad Khazaei et al., “The Potential for iPS-Derived Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Spinal Cord Injury: Opportunities and Challenges”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:
glosses: Not ectodermal.
damask rose
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: damask roses
form: Damascus rose
form: Damask rose
Senses: glosses: A cultivated rose of the hybrid species Rosa × damascena, derived from Rosa gallica, Rosa moschata, and Rosa fedtschenkoana.
Synonyms: sense: Rosa × damascena
word: rose of Castile
polypharmacological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From poly- + pharmacological.
Senses: glosses: Relating to polypharmacology.
Janus kinase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Janus kinases
Etymology: Shortened from just another kinase (being part of a large number of discoveries at the time); see Janus.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
synonyms: word: JAK
glosses: Any of a family of intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK-STAT pathway.
Janus kinases
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Janus kinase
ruxolitinib
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: For example, Gallipoli et al. reported that combination of nilotinib with ruxolitinib could induce apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells through inhibiting JAK-2/STAT-5 signaling pathway.
ref: 2015 July 14, Li Zhang, Handong Wang, Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati, “Multiple Mechanisms of Anti-Cancer Effects Exerted by Astaxanthin”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:
text: The first jakinib to enter clinical trials, initially for renal transplantation, was tofacitinib, which inhibits JAK1/JAK2/JAK3; however, ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, was the first agent to receive approval, as a treatment for myeloproliferative neoplasms that often exhibit gain-of-function JAK2 mutations.
ref: 2021 December, Christine Liu, Jacqueline Kieltyka, Roy Fleischmann, Massimo Gadina, John J. O’Shea, “A Decade of JAK Inhibitors: What Have We Learned and What May Be the Future?”, in Arthritis & Rheumatology, volume 73, number 12, →DOI, page 2168:
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: A medication belonging to the class of Janus kinase inhibitors, used for the treatment of several diseases including myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera.
siphoviral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to siphoviruses.
siphovirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sī′-fō-vī′-rəs
ipa: /ˈsaɪ.foʊˌvaɪ.ɹəs/
Forms: form: siphoviruses
Etymology: Back-formation of translingual Siphoviridae.
Senses: examples: text: Among the siphoviruses, there was no significant difference in those expressed that were homologous to Firmicute viruses […]
ref: 2015 July 28, Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez et al., “Transcriptome analysis of bacteriophage communities in periodontal health and disease”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
virology
glosses: Any of the viruses of the family Siphoviridae.
Related terms: Siphoviridae
siphoviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of siphovirus
styrylpyrones
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of styrylpyrone
toxigenicity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: toxigenicities
Etymology: From toxigenic + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: This strain was selected based on previous studies of toxigenicity performed in corn cultures […]
ref: 2015 March 31, Tatiana de Á. Miguel et al., “Effect of fungicide on Fusarium verticillioides mycelial morphology and fumonisin B 1 production”, in Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, volume 46, →DOI:
glosses: Quality or degree of being toxigenic.
toxigenicities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of toxigenicity
unpermeabilised
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + permeabilised.
Senses: examples: text: It is therefore likely that the N-terminal region of E7 is accessible and extracellularly-exposed since we could detect E7 in unpermeabilised SiHa cells.
ref: 2015 June 26, Özlem Cesur et al., “The Subcellular Localisation of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 Protein in Cervical Cancer Cells and Its Perturbation by RNA Aptamers”, in Viruses, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of unpermeabilized.
bibliometrically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From bibliometric + -ally.
Senses: examples: text: We find significant differences among nations in terms of efficiency in turning (financial) input into bibliometrically measurable output, and we confirm that growth of international collaboration positively correlate with scientific success, with significant benefits brought by EU integration policies.
ref: 2015, Giulio Cimini, Andrea Zaccaria, Andrea Gabrielli, “Investigating the interplay between fundamentals of national research systems: performance, investments and international collaborations”, in arXiv:
glosses: In terms of or by means of bibliometrics.
finite elements
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of finite element
isogeometric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From iso- + geometric.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to the integration of finite element analysis into conventional NURBS-based computer-aided design tools.
microservice
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: microservices
Etymology: From micro- + service.
Senses: examples: text: We concluded that microservices is not a one-fit-all solution as it introduces new complexities to the system, and many factors, such as distribution complexities, should be considered before adopting this style.
ref: 2015, Armin Balalaie, Abbas Heydarnoori, Pooyan Jamshidi, “Migrating to Cloud-Native Architectures Using Microservices: An Experience Report”, in arXiv:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
hypernyms: service#Noun
;
process#Noun
glosses: A small independent process that communicates with other processes, used to break down a complex task into many simpler components.
Related terms: applet
trustlet
utility
worklet
preduals
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of predual
predual
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: preduals
Etymology: From pre- + dual.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: An object whose dual space is some other specified object.
polymatrix
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From poly- + matrix.
Senses: examples: text: We study the price of anarchy in a class of graph coloring games (a subclass of polymatrix common-payoff games).
ref: 2015, Lasse Kliemann, Elmira Shirazi Sheykhdarabadi, Anand Srivastav, “Price of Anarchy for Graph Coloring Games with Concave Payoff”, in arXiv:
glosses: Of or relating to more than one matrix.
multimatrix
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From multi- + matrix.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to more than one matrix.
quasiuniform
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From quasi- + uniform.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Having some but not all of the characteristics of a uniform structure.
sofic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Coined by mathematician Benjamin Weiss in 1973, based on Hebrew סופי (“finite”).
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Whose Cayley graph is an initially subamenable graph.
raw_tags: of a group
examples: a sofic subshift
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Whose forbidden words form a regular language.
Markov partition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Markov partitions
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A tool used in dynamical systems theory, allowing the methods of symbolic dynamics to be applied to the study of hyperbolic systems. By using a Markov partition, the system can be made to resemble a discrete-time Markov process, with the long-term dynamical characteristics of the system represented as a Markov shift.
Markov partitions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Markov partition
bourgeonal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: It is known to respond to bourgeonal and is suppressed by undecanal (Table 9).
ref: 2015 July 30, “Computational Approaches for Decoding Select Odorant-Olfactory Receptor Interactions Using Mini-Virtual Screening”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: An aromatic aldehyde with a floral fragrance, used in perfumery.
carbonatogenesis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From carbonate + -o- + -genesis.
Senses: examples: text: This further indicates that positive effects may then result from fungi-mediated carbonatogenesis on stone buildings, although this subject has received little attention, and requires to be clarified urgently, in order to shed light on the understanding of the process.
ref: 2015 July 30, “Molecular Tools for Monitoring the Ecological Sustainability of a Stone Bio-Consolidation Treatment at the Royal Chapel, Granada”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: formation of carbonate
carbonatogenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From carbonate + -o- + -genic.
Senses: examples: text: Currently, the use of carbonatogenic bacteria, which are able to precipitate CaCO 3 on stone, has proven to be effective in stone conservation and two main approaches have emerged.
ref: 2015 July 30, “Molecular Tools for Monitoring the Ecological Sustainability of a Stone Bio-Consolidation Treatment at the Royal Chapel, Granada”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: That forms carbonate.
microservices
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of microservice