cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
plywood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈplaɪwʊd/
text: Audio (US)
Forms: form: plywoods
Etymology: From ply (“sheet”) + wood.
Senses: examples: text: After the hurricane there was a severe regional shortage of plywood, especially exterior plywood.
glosses: Construction material supplied in sheets, and made of three or more layers of wood veneer glued together, laid up with alternating layers having their grain perpendicular to each other.
examples: text: We stock exterior plywoods, interior plywoods, and furniture plywoods.
glosses: A specific grade or type of this construction material.
Derived terms: nonplywood
plywoody
plywood
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈplaɪwʊd/
text: Audio (US)
Forms: form: plywoods
form: plywooding
form: plywooded
form: plywooded
Etymology: From ply (“sheet”) + wood.
Senses: glosses: To fit or block up with plywood.
Related terms: chipboard
fibreboard
particle board
forest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: fŏr′ĭst
ipa: /ˈfɒɹɪst/
enpr: fôr′ĭst
enpr: fŏr′ĭst
enpr: fôrst
ipa: /ˈfɔɹəst/
ipa: /fɔɹst/
ipa: /ˈfɑɹɪst/
ipa: /ˈfɑɹəst/
homophone: forced (US, sometimes especially in fast speech)
rhymes: -ɒɹɪst
Forms: form: forests
form: foresting
form: forested
form: forested
form: foreste
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English forest, from Old French forest, from Early Medieval Latin forestis, likely from Frankish or Proto-West Germanic *furhisti (“forest, fir-grove, wooded land”), equivalent to fir + hurst. Related to Old English fyrhþe (“forested land”), Old High German forst, forsti (“forest”), Old Norse fýri (“pine forest”). Doublet of frith.
Cognate with Dutch vorst (“copse, grove, woodland”), German Forst (“forest”).
In this sense, mostly displaced the native Middle English wode, from Old English wudu (modern English wood) and Middle English wold, wald, wæld, from Old English weald (modern English wold, weald).
Senses: examples: text: From the view-point of national economy professor Fehér communicates to us most interesting facts, which he has established in an important question now of actuality : in the subject of foresting the Great Hungarian Plains.
ref: 1937, Széchenyi Scientific Society, Report on the Work of the Széchenyi Scientific Society: Founded for the Promotion of Research in Natural Sciences in Hungary, Zeéchenyi Scientific Society, page 83
glosses: To cover an area with trees.
Related terms: afforest
reforest
bush
deforest
holt
jungle
weald
wood
woodland
woods
grove
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəʊv/
ipa: /ɡɹoʊv/
rhymes: -əʊv
Forms: form: groves
Etymology: From Middle English grove, grave, from Old English grāf, grāfa (“grove; copse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graib, *graibō (“branch, group of branches, thicket”), from Proto-Germanic *graibaz, *graibô (“branch, fork”).
Related to Old English grǣf, grǣfe (“brushwood; thicket; copse”), Old English grǣfa (“thicket”), dialectal Norwegian greive (“ram with splayed horns”), dialectal Norwegian greivlar (“ramifications of an antler”), dialectal Norwegian grivla (“to branch, branch out”), Old Norse grein (“twig, branch, limb”). More at greave.
Senses: examples: text: Religious sodomy was practised by male prostitutes in the Hebrew temple groves, which was one of the abominations of Israel that Josiah cleared away.
ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 160:
coordinate_terms: woodlot
glosses: A small forest.
examples: Near-synonym: woodland
coordinate_terms: glade
clearing#Noun
glosses: A small forest with minimal undergrowth.
glosses: An orchard of fruit trees.
topics: Wicca
lifestyle
religion
glosses: A place of worship.
glosses: A lodge of the Ancient Order of Druids.
Derived terms: Arnos Grove
ash grove
Beech Grove
Boxgrove
Buffalo Grove
Calder Grove
Cherry Grove
Cottage Grove
Council Grove
Downers Grove
Elk Grove
Elk Grove Village
Green Grove
Grove Hill
Groveland
groveless
Grove Park
Grover
grove snail
grovy
Hazel Grove
Hunts Grove
Ida Grove
Inver Grove Heights
Ladbroke Grove
Liberty Grove
Oak Grove
olive grove
orange grove
Parish Grove
Pleasant Grove
Rich Grove
Richland Grove
Rose Grove
Squaw Grove
undergrove
Villa Grove
Related terms: mangrove
nemoricole
thicket
copse
spinney
muse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: myo͞oz
ipa: /mjuːz/
ipa: /mjuz/
homophone: mews
homophone: Meuse
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: muses
Etymology: From Middle French muse, from Latin Mūsa, from Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa).
Senses: examples: text: Yoko Ono was John Lennon's wife, lover, and muse.
glosses: Of a person: a source of inspiration.
examples: text: My toung-tide Muſe in manners holds her ſtill,
While comments of your praiſe richly compil'd,
Reſerue their Character with goulden quill,
And precious phraſe by all the Muſes fil’d.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 85”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
text: So may some gentle Muse With lucky words favour my destined urn
ref: 1637, John Milton, “Lycidas”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:
glosses: A poet; a bard.
Synonyms: sense: source of inspiration
word: Pierian spring
Derived terms: bemuse
green muse
museful
museless
muselike
Related terms: museum
music
muse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: myo͞oz
ipa: /mjuːz/
ipa: /mjuz/
homophone: mews
homophone: Meuse
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: muses
form: musing
form: mused
form: mused
Etymology: From Middle English musen, from Old French muser.
Senses: synonyms: word: afterthink
word: agitate
word: bethink
word: call to mind
word: chew
word: chew over
word: chew the cud
word: cogitate
word: consider
word: contemplate
word: deliberate
word: introspect
word: mull
word: mull over
word: muse
word: ponder
word: meditate
word: quander
word: reflect
word: rethink
word: reconsider
word: revolve
word: ruminate
word: second-guess
word: think
word: think over
glosses: To become lost in thought, to ponder.
examples: For quotations using this term, see Citations:muse.
glosses: To say (something) with due consideration or thought.
examples: text: Come, then, expressive Silence, muse his praise.
ref: c. 1726, James Thomson, Hymn:
text: It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: […]; […]; or perhaps to muse on the irrelevance of the borders that separate nation states and keep people from understanding their shared environment.
ref: 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:
glosses: To think on; to meditate on.
examples: text: Muse not that I thus suddenly proceed; for what I will, I will, and there an end.
ref: c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: To wonder at.
Related terms: muser
musing
amuse
muse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: myo͞oz
ipa: /mjuːz/
ipa: /mjuz/
homophone: mews
homophone: Meuse
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: muses
Etymology: From Middle English musen, from Old French muser.
Senses: examples: text: still he sate long time astonished / As in great muse, ne word to creature spake.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: And with this Alan fell into a muse, and for a long time sate^([sic]) very sad and silent.
ref: 1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC:
text: He fell into a muse and pulled his upper lip.
ref: 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), p. 416
glosses: An act of musing; a period of thoughtfulness.
muse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: myo͞oz
ipa: /mjuːz/
ipa: /mjuz/
homophone: mews
homophone: Meuse
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: muses
Etymology: From French musse. See muset.
Senses: examples: Find a hare without a muse. (old proverb)
glosses: A gap or hole in a hedge, fence, etc. through which a wild animal is accustomed to pass; a muset.
bash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: bashes
form: bashing
form: bashed
form: bashed
Etymology: From Middle English *basshen, *basken, likely from Old Norse *baska (“to strike”), akin to Swedish basa (“to baste, whip, lash, flog”), Danish baske (“to beat, strike, cudgel”), German patschen (“to slap”)
Senses: examples: text: The thugs kept bashing the cowering victim.
text: If the engine won't start, bash it with this hammer.
text: It isn't the creature's fault that it bashed its head against a tree outside our hole.
ref: 1951, C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia:
glosses: To strike heavily.
examples: text: Don't bash into me with that shopping trolley.
text: The bulls backed apart and ran together, tusks clashing — Ed held his trunk down while Conrad curled his high over his head, out of the way of Ed's tusks as the faces bashed together.
ref: 1998, Katharine Payne, Silent Thunder, page 74:
glosses: To collide; used with into or together.
examples: text: He bashed my ideas.
text: The entertainment industry, the artistic community, and much of the educational establishment, which so profoundly influence American culture, relentlessly assault religion, promote promiscuity, encourage illegitimacy, and bash America.
ref: 1994, Richard Nixon, “America Beyond Peace”, in Beyond Peace, New York: Random House, →ISBN, page 236:
text: This is consistent with new research about to be published by Tax Justice UK that found that, when making the case for a more progressive tax system, bashing the wealthy resonated far less well with voters than specific arguments about closing loopholes and increasing particular taxes.
ref: 2020 February 16, Sonia Sodha, “Politicians should stop bashing the rich… most of us just don’t agree”, in The Observer:
glosses: To criticize harshly.
Derived terms: bashable
bash about
bashedness
bash in
bash into shape
bash out
bash someone's face in
bash someone's head
bash someone's skull
bash the bishop
bash together
bash up
fag-bash
gay bash
gay-bash
note-bash
note bash
opinion bash
queer-bash
trans bash
trans-bash
unbashed
bash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: bashes
Etymology: From Middle English *basshen, *basken, likely from Old Norse *baska (“to strike”), akin to Swedish basa (“to baste, whip, lash, flog”), Danish baske (“to beat, strike, cudgel”), German patschen (“to slap”)
Senses: examples: text: He got a bash on the head.
glosses: A forceful blow or impact.
examples: text: They had a big bash to celebrate their tenth anniversary.
text: The party level ramps up at Thornaby, where a gaggle of women on a 50th birthday bash join us.
ref: 2022 November 30, Paul Bigland, “Destination Oban: a Sunday in Scotland”, in RAIL, number 971, page 74:
glosses: A large party; a gala event.
examples: text: give something a bash
text: I'm not sure I'll be any good at this, but let me have a bash.
text: This was my first bash at macramé, so I'm quite pleased with how it's turned out.
synonyms: word: lash
glosses: An attempt at doing something.
Derived terms: bash and grab
basher
bashfest
bashless
bashment
bashtag
bashy
beer bash
bushbash
earbash
kitbash
megabash
on the bash
photobash
bash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: bashes
form: bashing
form: bashed
form: bashed
Etymology: From Middle English baschen, baissen. See abash.
Senses: examples: text: His countenance was bold and bashed not.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 37:
glosses: To abash (make ashamed)
crash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: crashes
Etymology: From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).
Senses: examples: text: The piece ended in a crescendo, building up to a crash of cymbals.
text: After the lightning came the crash of thunder.
glosses: A sudden, intense, loud sound, as made for example by cymbals.
examples: text: She broke two bones in her body in a car crash.
text: Nobody survived the plane crash.
glosses: An automobile, airplane, or other vehicle accident.
examples: text: My computer had a crash so I had to reboot it.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: abend
glosses: A malfunction of computer software or hardware which causes it to shut down or become partially or totally inoperable.
examples: text: the stock market crash
topics: business
finance
glosses: A sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures).
glosses: A comedown from a drug.
examples: text: One of my favorites among the terms of groups of creatures is a crash of rhinoceros. I can imagine an African guide saying to his client, “Shoot, dammit, shoot! Here comes the whole bloody crash of rhinoceros!”
[…] Personally, I think I’d just as soon come across a crash of rhinoceros as a knot of toad.
ref: p. 1991, Patrick F. McManus, “Nincompoopery and Other Group Terms”, in The Grasshopper Trap, Henry Holt and Company, page 103
text: The largest group of black rhinos reported was made up of 13 individuals. A group of rhinos is called a crash.
ref: 1998, E. Melanie Watt, Black Rhinos, page 19:
text: Out in the water a crash of rhinoceros-like animals browse belly deep through a bed of aquatic plants.
ref: 1999, Edward Osborne Wilson, The Diversity of Life, page 126:
text: The crash of rhinoceros at Tsavo now numbers almost 200.
ref: 2003, Claude Herve-Bazin, Judith Farr, Kenya and Tanzania, page 23:
glosses: A group of rhinoceroses.
topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: A sudden decline in any living form's population levels, often leading to extinction.
Derived terms: aircrash
anticrash
autocrash
car crash
cash for crash
crash axe
crash bar
crash barrier
crash blossom
crash boat
crash box
crash cart
crash course
crash cymbal
crash diet
crash dive
crashdump
crash dump
Crashgate
crash gearbox
crash helmet
crash hot
crash-hot
crash land
crash landing
crashless
crashlike
crash mat
crashmat
crashmate
crash out
crash pad
crash-proof
crashproof
crash scissors
crash space
crash stop
crash tackle
crash test
crash trolley
crashworthy
crash zoom
head crash
line crash
midcrash
postcrash
precrash
stock market crash
train crash
crash
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Etymology: From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).
Senses: examples: text: crash course
text: crash diet
glosses: Quick, fast, intensive, impromptu.
crash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps compare Russian крашени́на (krašenína, “coarse linen”).
Senses: examples: text: The yearly allowance of clothing on this plantation, consisted of two tow-linen shirts—such linen as the coarsest crash towels are made of[…]
ref: 1855, Frederick Douglass, chapter VI, in My Bondage and My Freedom. […], New York; Auburn, N.Y.: Miller, Orton & Mulligan […], →OCLC:
text: Unlocking the door of her bath-room she went inside, and soon emerged, bringing a rug, which she spread upon the floor of the gallery, and two huge hair pillows covered with crash, which she placed against the front of the building.
ref: 1899, Kate Chopin, The Awakening:
topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
glosses: A type of rough linen.
Derived terms: Russia crash
Russian crash
rash
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: more rash
form: most rash
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English rash, rasch (“hasty, headstrong, rash”) [and other forms], probably from Old English *ræsċ (“rash”) (found in derivatives such as ræsċan (“to move rapidly; to flicker; to flash; to glitter; to quiver”), ræsċettan (“to crackle, sparkle”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *rask, *raskī, *rasku, from Proto-Germanic *raskaz, *raskuz, *raþskaz, *raþskuz (“rash; rapid”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to run, roll”). The Middle English word was probably influenced by the cognates listed below.
The adverb is derived from Middle English rashe (“quickly, rapidly”), from rash, rasch (adjective) (see above).
Cognates
* Dutch ras, rasch (“rash”)
* Middle Low German rasch (“rash”)
* Old Danish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous”) (modern Danish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous; hasty, rash”))
* Old High German reski (“impetuous, rash”) (Middle High German rasch, resch (“agile, nimble; fast; lively; healthy, vigorous”), modern German rasch, räsch, resch (“agile, nimble; fast; hasty, rash; healthy, vigorous; of food: crisp, crusty”))
* Old Norse rǫskr (“brave; healthy, vigorous”) (Icelandic röskur (“strong; healthy, vigorous”))
* Old Swedish rasker (“agile, nimble; brave; fast; vigorous”) (modern Swedish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous”))
Senses: examples: text: Soft Gooddie Sheepe (then ſaid the Foxe) not ſoe: / Vnto the King ſo raſh ye may not goe, / He is vvith greater matter buſied, / Than a Lambe, or the Lambes ovvne mothers hed.
ref: 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:
text: VVhy do you ſpeake ſo ſtartingly and raſh?
ref: c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], page 327, column 2:
text: But the right thing 'ud be for Tulliver to go and make it up with her himself, and say he was sorry for speaking so rash.
ref: 1860, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “To Garum Firs”, in The Mill on the Floss […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book I (Boy and Girl), pages 178–179:
glosses: Synonym of rashly (“in a rash manner; hastily or without due consideration”).
synonyms: word: rashly
extra: in a rash manner; hastily or without due consideration
rash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Etymology: Uncertain; the word is similar to other words from Germanic or Romance languages listed in the table below, but the connection between the English word and those words is unclear. One suggestion is that they ultimately derive from the town of Arras in France, known for its cloth and wool industries (whence arras (“tapestry, wall hanging”)); compare German Rasch (“lightly woven silk or (usually) worsted fabric”) (said to be from Middle High German arrasch (“arras”), and ultimately from the name of the town), and the obsolete names for the fabric, Catalan drap de arraz, drap d'Arraç, Spanish paño de ras (literally “cloth of Arras”). The Oxford English Dictionary states that even if rash did not originally derive from Arras, the name of the town could have influenced the English word.
possible cognates
* Catalan ras (“smooth fabric woven from silk”) (also raç (obsolete))
* Danish rask (“thin, coarse woollen cloth usually made from worsted”) (also rasch (obsolete), derived from German)
* Dutch ras (“woven silk or (usually) worsted fabric”) (also rasch (obsolete, rare), rass (obsolete))
* Middle French ras (modern French ras (“various types of short-nap cloth”))
* German Rasch, Low German Rasch (“lightly woven silk or (usually) worsted fabric”) (archaic or historical)
* Italian raso (“smooth fabric woven from silk”), rascia (“serge”)
* Late Latin rasum (“some form of fabric”), pannus rasus (“satin”)
* Old Occitan ras (modern Occitan ras (“smooth fabric woven from silk”); also rac (obsolete))
* Spanish raso (“smooth fabric woven from silk; other types of fabric”)
* Swedish rask (“thin woollen cloth usually made from worsted; similar cloth made from silk”) (also rasch (archaic), rass (obsolete))
Senses: examples: text: cloth rash    silk rash
text: Sleeveleſſe his jerkin vvas, and it had beene / Velvet, but 'tvvas novv (ſo much ground vvas ſeene) / Become Tufftaffatie; and our children ſhall / See it plaine Raſhe avvhile, or nought at all.
ref: p. 1597, J[ohn] Donne, “[Satyres] Satyre IIII”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC, page 338:
glosses: Chiefly preceded by a descriptive word: a fabric with a smooth texture woven from silk, worsted, or a mixture of the two, intended as an inferior substitute for silk.
rash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: rashes
Etymology: Imitative.
Senses: examples: text: Look on thoſe grave plodding fellovvs, […] I'll undertake three parts of four are going to their Courtezans. I tell thee, Jack, the vvhiſking of a Silk-Govvn, and the raſh of a Tabby-Pettycoat, are as comfortable ſounds to one of theſe rich Citizens, as the chink of their Pieces of Eight.
ref: 1668 June 22 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), John Dryden, An Evening’s Love, or The Mock-Astrologer. […], In the Savoy [London]: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1671, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 3:
glosses: A soft crackling or rustling sound.
rash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: rashes
form: rashing
form: rashed
form: rashed
Etymology: From Late Middle English rashen, rassh (“to hasten, hurry, rush”) [and other forms], from Old English ræscan (“to move rapidly; to flicker; to flash; to glitter; to quiver”); see further at etymology 1.
probable cognates
* Dutch rasschen, rassen (“to hasten, hurry, rush”) (obsolete)
* Old Norse raska (“to dislodge, displace; to stir up”) (Swedish raska (“to hurry; to act carelessly or hastily”))
Senses: examples: text: Reg[an]. VVherefore to Douer ſir? / Gloſt[er, i.e., Gloucester]. Becauſe I vvould not ſee thy cruell nayles / Pluck out his poore old eyes, nor thy fierce ſiſter / In his aurynted fleſh raſh boriſh phangs, […]
ref: c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:
glosses: To forcefully move or push (someone or something) in a certain direction.
examples: text: Fair lordes sayd syre Launcelot leue your noyse and your rassyng and I shalle sette open this dore and thenne may ye doo with me what it lyketh yow.
"Fair lords, said Sir Launcelot, leave your noise and your rashing, and I shall set open this door, and then may ye do with me what it liketh you."
ref: 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XX, Chapter iv, leaf 401v:
glosses: To break (something) forcefully; to smash.
glosses: To emit or issue (something) hastily.
examples: text: Retur[n]e to the places of Peter, the one in his firſt epiſtle, the other in the latter: and ſo be you contented with this preſent anſvver raſhed up in haſte.
ref: 1610 October, John Foxe, “[Translation of a Letter of Huldricus Zuinglius, 1 September 1527 (Julian calendar)]”, in The Second Volume of the Ecclesiasticall Historie, Containing the Acts and Monuments of Martyrs, […], 6th edition, volume II, London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for the Company of Stationers, →OCLC, book VIII, page 987, column 1:
glosses: Usually followed by up: to prepare (something) with haste; to cobble together, to improvise.
glosses: To move forcefully, hastily, or suddenly; to dash, to rush.
examples: text: […] the rain rashed down - the road was battered, As with the force of billows shattered; […]
ref: 1849, William Wordsworth, The poems of William Wordsworth ... A new edition, page 133:
text: ... rain rashed down. The sound was as of a deluge, and all the parched lips of earth seemed to be drinking in the delicious moisture.
ref: 1859, The Ladies' Companion, page 182:
text: Thunder rumbled and a light rain rashed down as Bella shoveled the pile of loose dirt back into the ground.
ref: 2024 May 7, David Ciminello, The Queen of Steeplechase Park, Forest Avenue Press, →ISBN:
glosses: To fall heavily; to dash down.
raw_tags: of rain
qualifier: at; or upon; at; or upon
glosses: To collide or hit.
raw_tags: followed by against
rash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: rashes
form: rashing
form: rashed
form: rashed
Etymology: PIE word
 *wréh₂ds
Probably an aphetic form of arace (“to tear up by the roots; to draw away”) (obsolete), from Middle English aracen (“to remove (something) by force, pluck or pull out, tear out; to grab; to lacerate; to flay or skin (an animal); to erase, obliterate”) [and other forms], from Old French aracer, arachier (“to pull off (by physical force)”) [and other forms] (whence Anglo-Norman racher, aracher (“to pluck out, pull out”); modern French arracher (“to pull up, tear out, uproot; to extract, take out (a tooth); to peel, pull off, rip off; to buy, snap up; to fight over; to tear (oneself) away from”)), a variant of esrachier (“to eradicate, get rid of”), from Latin exrādīcāre, ērādīcāre (“to root out; to annihilate, extirpate”), from ē- (a variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’)) + rādīx (“root of a plant”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).
Senses: examples: text: There Marinell great deeds of armes did ſhevv; / And through the thickeſt like a Lyon flevv, / Raſhing off helmes, and ryuing plates a ſonder, / That euery one his daunger did eſchevv.
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 8, page 214:
text: His Creſt is raſh'd away; his ample Shield / Is falſify'd and round with Jav'lins fill'd.
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The Ninth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 496, lines 1094–1095:
glosses: Chiefly followed by away, down, off, out, etc.: to pluck, pull, or rip (something) violently.
rash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: rashes
form: rashing
form: rashed
form: rashed
Etymology: Probably a variant of race, raze (“to demolish; to destroy, obliterate; to scrape as if with a razor”), possibly modelled after rash (etymology 5 or etymology 6). Raze is derived from Middle English rasen, racen, rase (“to scrape; to shave; to erase; to pull; to strip off; to pluck or tear out; to root out (a tree, etc.); to pull away, snatch; to pull down; to knock down; to rend, tear apart; to pick clean, strip; to cleave, slice; to sever; to lacerate; to pierce; to carve, engrave; to dig; (figuratively) to expunge, obliterate; to alter”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman raser, rasere, rasser, Middle French, Old French raser (“to shave; to touch lightly, graze; to level off (grain, etc.) in a measure; to demolish, tear down; to erase; to polish; to wear down”), from Vulgar Latin *raso (“to shave; to scrape; to scratch; to touch lightly, graze”), from Latin rāsus (“scraped; shaved”); see further at etymology 2.
Senses: examples: text: And dravving both their ſvvords vvith rage extreme, / Like tvvo mad maſtiffes each on other flevv, / And ſhields did ſhare, & mailes did raſh, and helmes did hevv.
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 17, page 26:
text: [N]ovv he, comes violently on, and vvithall advancing his Rapier to ſtrike, […] Sir, I miſt my purpoſe in his arme, raſht his doublet ſleeue, ran him cloſe by the left cheeke, and through his haire: […]
ref: 1599 (first performance), B. I. [i.e., Ben Jonson], The Comicall Satyre of Euery Man out of His Humor. […], London: […] [Adam Islip] for William Holme, […], published 1600, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iii, signature N, recto:
glosses: To hack, slash, or slice (something).
glosses: Chiefly followed by out: to scrape or scratch (something); to obliterate.
gnash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
homophone: Nash
Forms: form: gnashes
form: gnashing
form: gnashed
form: gnashed
Etymology: From Middle English gnasten. Origin unknown; the word is probably either Germanic or onomatopoeic. Compare Old Norse gnastan, Danish gnaske ("munch", "crunch"), German knirschen, German Low German gnirschen, gnörschen (“gnash”), Swedish gnissla (“squeak; gnash”).
Senses: examples: text: gnashing your teeth
synonyms: chatter
glosses: To grind (one's teeth) in pain or in anger.
examples: text: to gnash the air in fury
text: The dog was gnashing a carpet
glosses: To grind between the teeth.
examples: text: There they were, boiling up in snowy spouts of spray, smiting and gnashing together like the gleaming teeth of hell.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
glosses: To clash together violently.
glosses: To run away.
Derived terms: gnash up
gnasher
gnashers
gnashing
gnashingly
gnashy
weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth
gnash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
homophone: Nash
Forms: form: gnashes
Etymology: From Middle English gnasten. Origin unknown; the word is probably either Germanic or onomatopoeic. Compare Old Norse gnastan, Danish gnaske ("munch", "crunch"), German knirschen, German Low German gnirschen, gnörschen (“gnash”), Swedish gnissla (“squeak; gnash”).
Senses: glosses: A sudden snapping of the teeth.
cash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kăsh
ipa: /kæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
homophone: cache
Forms: form: cashes
form: cashing
form: cashed
form: cashed
Etymology: From late Middle French caisse (“money-box”), itself borrowed from Occitan caissa, from Latin capsa (“box”), ultimately from capiō (“take, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“grasp”). Doublet of case, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja (“box”).
Senses: examples: text: My single "Lick and Move" had made it to number four on the Top Ten charts, and I had gotten a nice check from Ruthless Rap. I cashed that shit and took Muddah shopping in Midtown and told her to get any damn thing she wanted.
ref: 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 247:
glosses: To exchange (a check/cheque) for money in the form of notes/bills.
topics: card-games
poker
glosses: To obtain a payout from a tournament.
Derived terms: sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: cashability
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: cashable
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: casher
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: cash in
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: cash in on
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: cash out
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: cash up
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: recash
sense: Terms derived from the verb to cash
word: write cheques one can't cash
cash
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: kăsh
ipa: /kæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
homophone: cache
Forms: form: more cash
form: most cash
Etymology: From late Middle French caisse (“money-box”), itself borrowed from Occitan caissa, from Latin capsa (“box”), ultimately from capiō (“take, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“grasp”). Doublet of case, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja (“box”).
Senses: glosses: Great; excellent; cool.
cash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kăsh
ipa: /kæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
homophone: cache
Forms: form: cashes
form: cash
Etymology: Variant of earlier cass under influence from cash above, from Tamil காசு (kācu), ultimately from Sanskrit karsha ("weight of 1/400 tulā, तुला"). Extended to other similar forms of low-denomination coins in Southeast and East Asia following the example of cognate Portuguese cas, casse, caxa, caixa.
Senses: glosses: The low-denomination coin of southern India until 1818.
examples: text: Shentzŭ is the Chinese name for what we would call a mule litter. As this conveyance can go over almost any kind of road, I decided on it, and engaged two mules for the litter, and a donkey for the baggage: the three animals with the shentzŭ and a man cost 1300 cash per day when we travelled, and 700 cash per day when we rested from any cause.
ref: 1896, Alexander Armstrong, In a Mule Litter to the Tomb of Confucius, pages 2-3:
glosses: Any of several similar coins in Southeast and East Asia, particularly the imperial Chinese copper coin.
Coordinate terms: sense: Madras coin
word: half-dodee (5 cash)
sense: Madras coin
word: dodee (10 cash)
sense: Madras coin
word: pice (20 cash)
sense: Madras coin
word: fanam (80 cash)
sense: Madras coin
word: pagoda (3360 cash)
sense: Travancore coin
word: chakram (16 cash)
sense: Travancore coin
word: fanam (64 cash)
sense: Travancore coin
word: rupee (448 cash)
cash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kăsh
ipa: /kæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
homophone: cache
Forms: form: cashes
form: cashing
form: cashed
form: cashed
Etymology: See cashier.
Senses: examples: text: He cashed the old souldiers, and supplied their roumes with yong beginners.
ref: 1564, Arthur Golding, Abridgment of the histories of Trogus Pompeius:
glosses: To disband. To do away with, to kill.
gash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: gashes
form: garsh
Etymology: Alteration of older garsh, from Middle English garsen, from Old French garser, jarsier (Modern French gercer), from Vulgar Latin *charaxāre, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “engraver”).
Senses: examples: text: Unwittingly I slashed a gushing gash in my hand with a switchblade.
text: Then Beowulf too rallied. With his whetted dagger he slit a gash in the serpent's middle.
ref: 1961, Norma Lorre Goodrich, “Beowulf”, in The Medieval Myths, New York: The New American Library, page 46:
text: The victim of the attack, Russell Mills, suffered a head gash, a broken knee cap and a broken wrist.
ref: 1983 April 23, Sue Hyde, “Castro Bashers Jailed”, in Gay Community News, page 2:
text: Vowing that he was “never going to forget the lessons of that day,” President Bush paid tribute last night to the victims of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attack, laying wreaths at ground zero, attending a prayer service at St. Paul’s Chapel and making a surprise stop at a firehouse and a memorial museum overlooking the vast gash in the ground where the twin towers once stood.
ref: 2006, New York Times, “Bush Mourns 9/11 at Ground Zero as N.Y. Remembers”, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/11/nyregion/nyregionspecial3/11bush.html?hp&ex=1158033600&en=e468f88da52557ed&ei=5094&partner=homepage
glosses: A deep cut.
examples: text: “Oh Gertie it’s true. It’s all true. They’ve got a horrid gash instead of a thrilling thing.”
ref: 1962 [1959], William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch, New York: Grove Press, page 150:
glosses: A vulva.
examples: text: "Will you bastards quit singing the blues? You're young, and there's plenty of gash in the world, and the supply of moon goes on forever," Simonsky said.
ref: 1934, James T. Farrell, chapter 19, in The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:
glosses: A woman.
Derived terms: froth at the gash
gash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: gashes
form: gashing
form: gashed
form: gashed
form: garsh
Etymology: Alteration of older garsh, from Middle English garsen, from Old French garser, jarsier (Modern French gercer), from Vulgar Latin *charaxāre, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “engraver”).
Senses: examples: text: My leg got gashed.
glosses: To make a deep, long cut; to slash.
Derived terms: gasher
gash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: gashes
Etymology: From French gâcher (“to waste, to mess up”) or gâchis (“waste, a mess”), likely borrowed into English by ships' crews in the 19th century. Became increasingly vulgar by association with Etymology 1.
Senses: examples: text: […] each man was on 'gash duty' about once in eighteen days.
ref: 1960, David Brunt, The Royal Society International Geophysical Year Antarctic Expedition, page 17:
text: You will learn flight safety, aircraft duties, uniform, SEP, oxyCrew, gash cart, safety card, bar seals, life jacket, diagram, uplift, C209, plonky kit, Crew lounge!
ref: 2007 04, Liz And Julie, You F`Coffee Sir, BingBong Ltd, →ISBN, page 104:
text: After scradge and another mug of tea I washed up, tipping the slops into the gash tin […]
ref: 2024, Lewis Juckes, Antarctic Basalt, page 126:
qualifier: Antarctica
glosses: Rubbish, particularly on board a ship or aircraft.
examples: text: I hope you don't mind, but instead of “a load of gash” in this paragraph, could we say, “completely without merit”?
ref: 2025 July 8, Charlotte Runcie, Bring the House Down: A Novel, Penguin Group, →ISBN, page 96:
glosses: Nonsense.
examples: text: This new one he's got for free off a friend (I think), but it's absolute gash. It's huge and doesn't fit in with the deco of the room, but because he's got it for nowt he's not arsed about that.
ref: 2012, Bennyness, No New Notifications, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 172:
text: When you load up the game, the first thing you notice is that it looks like complete and utter gash. Everything is made up of ugly blocks.
ref: 2017 October 19, Arron Crascall, See Ya Later: The World According to Arron Crascall, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
text: Well, this chap's obviously just cooked a pile of rancid old gash, no?
ref: 2020, Tim Key, quoting Emily Juniper, He Used Thought as a Wife, →ISBN, page 38:
glosses: Something low quality.
glosses: Unused film or sound during film editing.
glosses: Poor-quality beer, usually watered down.
gash
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Etymology: From French gâcher (“to waste, to mess up”) or gâchis (“waste, a mess”), likely borrowed into English by ships' crews in the 19th century. Became increasingly vulgar by association with Etymology 1.
Senses: glosses: Of poor quality; makeshift; improvised; temporary; substituted.
examples: text: "All gash kit? There won't be no trouble with the books?"
ref: 1987, Simon Raven, The Sabre Squadron: A Novel, →ISBN:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Spare, extra.
gash
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: more gash
form: most gash
Etymology: From ghastful, by association with gash.
Senses: glosses: ghastly; hideous
Related terms: gashful
gashly
dash
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Etymology: From Middle English daschen, dassen, from Danish daske (“to slap, strike”), related to Swedish daska (“to smack, slap, spank”), of obscure origin. Compare German tatschen (“to grope, paw”), Old English dwǣsċan (“to quell, put out, destroy, extinguish”). See also dush.
Senses: synonyms: word: 4uck
word: ay
word: chihuahua
word: blast
word: bugger
word: bummer
word: byrlady
word: consarn it
word: crap
word: crud
word: curses
word: dammit
word: damn
word: dadgummit
word: dagnabbit
word: dang
word: dang it
word: darn
word: darn it
word: dash
word: dash it
word: dizamn
word: d'oh
word: doggone
word: doggonit
word: drat
word: fark
word: feck
word: fiddle
word: fiddlefart
word: fiddlestick
word: fiddlesticks
word: fook
word: frak
word: frick
word: fuck
word: fuck me
word: fudge
word: goddamn
word: goshdarn
word: goddammit
word: goshdarnit
word: good grief
word: gorblimey
word: hang it all
word: heck
word: hell
word: hell's bells
word: hell's bloody bells
word: hell's bloody bells and damnation
word: Holy Mother
word: Holy Mother of God
word: ish
word: Mother of God
word: nuts
word: phooey
word: piss
word: poo
word: raasclaat
word: rats
word: shit
word: shoot
word: shucks
word: son of a bitch
word: son of a gun
word: sugar
glosses: Damn!
Derived terms: dash it
Related terms: hyphen
minus sign
hash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: hăsh
ipa: /ˈhæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: hashes
Etymology: From French hacher (“to chop”), from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, from Old French hache (“axe”), from Frankish *happjā (“axe”). Compare also Old English ġehæċċa (“sausage meat”, literally “that which is hacked or chopped up”).
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: scramble
text: I had for them, after oysters, at first course, a hash of rabbits, a lamb, and a rare chine of beef.
ref: 1633, Samuel Pepys, Diary:
glosses: Food, especially meat and potatoes, chopped and mixed together.
examples: text: Oh! no, not Naylor's--the girls have made a hash there, as they do everything else; but we will settle her before they come out again.
ref: 1847, Charlotte Yonge, Scenes and Characters:
glosses: A confused mess.
topics: media
publishing
typography
synonyms: word: crunch
word: hash
word: hash mark /hashmark
word: hash sign
word: hashtag
word: number sign
word: octothorpe /octothorn
word: pound
word: pound sign
word: square
glosses: The # symbol (octothorpe, pound).
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: checksum
glosses: The result generated by a hash function.
topics: business
computing
cryptocurrencies
cryptocurrency
engineering
finance
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: One guess made by a mining computer in the effort of finding the correct answer which releases the next unit of cryptocurrency; see also hashrate.
examples: October 28, 1752, Horace Walpole, letter to Sir Horace Mann
I cannot bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session.
glosses: A new mixture of old material; a second preparation or exhibition; a rehashing.
examples: text: Most hashes are planned as family affairs, with a shorter "puppy" trail laid for the children.
ref: 1987, Susan Scott-Stevens, Foreign Consultants and Counterparts, page 81:
glosses: A hash run.
glosses: A stupid fellow.
Derived terms: blessed hash
crytographic hash
distributed hash table
geohash
hash algorithm
hashbang
hash brown
hash brownie
hash browns
hash buster
hash code
hash coding
hash collision
hash function
hash house
hashhouse
hashing
hashkey
hashlike
hashlock
hash map
hash oil
hash rocket
hash slinger
hash-slinger
hash table
hashtag
hash trail
hash-trap
hash tree
hash up
hash value
make a hash of
megahash
perceptual hash
petahash
settle someone's hash
shebang
terahash
tied hash
unblessed hash
hash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: hăsh
ipa: /ˈhæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: hashes
form: hashing
form: hashed
form: hashed
Etymology: From French hacher (“to chop”), from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, from Old French hache (“axe”), from Frankish *happjā (“axe”). Compare also Old English ġehæċċa (“sausage meat”, literally “that which is hacked or chopped up”).
Senses: examples: text: In like manner, we shall represent human nature at first to the keen appetite of our reader, in that more plain and simple manner in which it is found in the country, and shall hereafter hash and ragoo it with all the high French and Italian seasoning of affectation and vice which courts and cities afford.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:
text: I never did care for Sunday joint that was served up cold on Monday, hashed on Tuesday, rissoled on Wednesday, and re-hashed on Thursday[.]
ref: 1942 July 1, The Newcastle and Maitland Catholic Sentinel, Newcastle, NSW, page 224, column 2:
glosses: To chop into small pieces, to make into a hash.
examples: text: We need to quickly hash up some plans.
glosses: To make a quick, rough version.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To transform according to a hash function.
examples: text: [Julie Jacquette]: "All right, you've hashed it. I knew damn well you should have stayed in the other room. Now he knows he'll have to kill you too."
ref: 1966, Rex Stout, Death of a Doxy:
glosses: To make a mess of (something); to ruin.
Derived terms: hashable
hasher
hash out
hash over
rehash
unhash
hash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: hăsh
ipa: /ˈhæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Etymology: Clipping of hashish.
Senses: glosses: Hashish, a drug derived from the cannabis plant.
Derived terms: Hashbury
hashhead
hashlike
hash pipe
hashpipe
hashy
brash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: brashes
Etymology: Uncertain. Perhaps from Scots brash, brasch (“a violent onset; an attack or assault”). Perhaps also related to Dutch bars (“stern; strict”), German barsch (“harsh; unfriendly”), Danish barsk (“harsh; rough; tough”), Swedish barsk (“harsh; impetuous”).
Senses: glosses: A rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness.
glosses: A sudden burst of rain.
glosses: An attack or assault.
Derived terms: water brash
weaning brash
brash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: brashes
form: brashing
form: brashed
form: brashed
Etymology: Uncertain. Perhaps from Scots brash, brasch (“a violent onset; an attack or assault”). Perhaps also related to Dutch bars (“stern; strict”), German barsch (“harsh; unfriendly”), Danish barsk (“harsh; rough; tough”), Swedish barsk (“harsh; impetuous”).
Senses: glosses: To disturb.
brash
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: brasher
form: more brash
form: brashest
form: most brash
Etymology: Compare American English bresk, brusk (“fragile, brittle”).
Senses: examples: text: Hickory axles […] all cut from tough butt logs. Brash timber is excluded.
ref: 1886, The Lumberman's Hand Book, page 24:
text: Brash wood, when tested in bending, breaks with a short, sharp fracture instead of developing a splintering failure and absorbs a comparatively small amount of work between the elastic limit and final failure
ref: 1919, Forest Products Laboratory, Wood in Aircraft Construction:
text: […] brash timber, which is liable to snap; […]
ref: 2000, Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand, Précis of the Lectures on Architecture (page 94)
glosses: Brittle (said e.g. of wood or vegetables).
brash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: brashes
Etymology: Compare American English bresk, brusk (“fragile, brittle”).
Senses: glosses: Leaf litter of small leaves and little twigs as found under a hedge.
examples: text: Alluvium differs from the rubble or brash, just described, as being composed of sand and gravel, more or less rolled
ref: 1839, Sir Charles Lyell, Elements of Geology:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: Broken and angular rock fragments underlying alluvial deposits.
examples: text: The sea dashed in an angry surf over its inclined sides, rattling the icy fragments or “brash” against its irregular surface
ref: 1853, Elisha Kent Kane, The U. S. Grinnell Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin:
glosses: Broken fragments of ice.
Derived terms: stonebrash
brash ice
stone brash