cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
misinform
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ɔː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: misinforms
form: misinforming
form: misinformed
form: misinformed
Etymology: From mis- + inform.
Senses: examples: text: It is clear that the politician misinformed the public on the issue.
text: Captain Renault: The waters? What waters? We're in the desert.
Rick: I was misinformed.
ref: 1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca:
text: Absences and silences can misinform readers just as effectively as more obvious devices.
ref: 2007, Ian Eyres, English for Primary and Early Years, page 188:
synonyms: misguide
mislead
deceive
glosses: To give or deliver false, fake, or misleading information to.
Related terms: misinformant
misinformation
misinformer
disinform
reuse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈjuːs/
rhymes: -uːs
Forms: form: reuses
form: re-use
Etymology: From re- + use.
Senses: glosses: The act of salvaging or in some manner restoring a discarded item to yield something usable.
examples: text: Code reuse can save programmers a lot of typing.
glosses: The act of using again, or in another place.
Derived terms: adaptive reuse
composite reuse principle
reuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: reuses
form: reusing
form: reused
form: reused
form: re-use
Etymology: From re- + use.
Senses: examples: text: The students reused empty plastic bottles in their science experiment.
glosses: To use again something that is considered past its usefulness (usually for something else).
examples: text: The estimated 2.7 million cubic metres of chalk and flint excavated from each tunnel (and then mixed with water to create slurry) will be treated and then reused to landscape the site and create a 127-hectare chalk grassland habitat.
ref: 2021 July 14, Paul Stephen, “A portal into the future”, in RAIL, number 935, page 52:
glosses: To use again, or in another place.
Derived terms: reuser
adaptive intelligence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The human mind model, in that human intelligence as represented by the brain/mind model will tend to change (adapt) toward positive modes of survival.
glosses: A branch of artificial intelligence dealing with training neural networks using not only the statistical estimation of data, but combining it with specific domain knowledge.
glosses: A branch of artificial intelligence where the objective is to program how the system is to interpret information and react rather than to program how a system solves specific problems (example: Knowledge Enhanced Electronic Logic: KEEL Technology).
maxed out
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: I have maxed out my savings account.
glosses: simple past and past participle of max out
maxed out
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: The maxed out mother fell asleep almost immediately.
glosses: Alternative spelling of maxed-out.
maximize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæksəmaɪz/
Forms: form: maximizes
form: maximizing
form: maximized
form: maximized
form: maximise
Etymology: From Latin maximus + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: I need to maximize performance.
text: Strive to maximize your potential.
glosses: To make as large as possible.
examples: text: Since I only have one window open, I maximized the window so that the desktop is not visible.
topics: computing
engineering
graphical-user-interface
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To expand (a window) to fill the main display area.
Derived terms: maximand
maximizable
maximization
maximizer
-maxx
unmaximize
unmaximized
Related terms: word: max out
non-threatening
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more non-threatening
form: most non-threatening
Senses: glosses: Not posing a threat.
Synonyms: sense: not posing a threat
word: unthreatening
sustained yield
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sustained yields
Senses: topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: The continuing yield of a biological resource by controlled periodic harvesting
glosses: The quantity of a resource harvested in this manner
hand-holding
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of handholding.
African lily
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: African lilies
Senses: examples: text: African Lily Agapanthus umbellatus full fl.
The African Lily is a beautiful blue umbelled liliaceous flower, having long contorted roots, and blowing in July.
ref: 1828, Thomas Ignatius M. Forster, Circle of the Seasons, and Perpetual Key to the Calendar and Almanack, page 204:
text: As Gene and I began to really look at our backyard, we discovered tall, magnificent lilac-colored African lilies, and, to my surprise, our yard displayed its own vibrant orange, white, and blue birds of paradise.
ref: 2003, Beth Moore, A Woman and Her God, page 215:
text: But not just ordinary roses or tulips, she had majestic African lilies and exotic oriental orchids.
ref: 2010, Avionne Anthony, The Witness, page 146:
glosses: Any of certain flowering plants of the genus Agapanthus, especially Agapanthus umbellatus.
Hypernyms: sense: some in Agapanthus
word: agapanthus
Coordinate terms: sense: some in Agapanthus
word: lily of the Nile
African violet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: African violets
Senses: glosses: Any perennial plant of section Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (formerly genus Saintpaulia), especially Streptocarpus ionantha, with fine haired round leaves and velvety petals.
Synonyms: saintpaulia
Amaryllis
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Latin or Ancient Greek.
Gregorian calendar
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Gregorian calendar
Etymology: Named after Pope Gregory XIII who decreed it should be used.
Senses: glosses: The calendar currently used in the western world. It replaced the Julian calendar and was devised to halt the slow drift of the vernal equinox towards earlier in the year.
Synonyms: Christian calendar
western
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛstɚn/
ipa: /ˈwɛstən/
rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)n
Forms: form: Western
Etymology: From Middle English westerne, from Old English westerne, from Proto-Germanic *westrōnijaz.
By surface analysis, west + -ern.
Senses: examples: text: the western approaches
text: Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: Of, facing, situated in, or related to the west.
glosses: Blowing from the west; westerly.
raw_tags: of a wind
examples: text: Japanese is traditionally written downwards (tategaki) and you begin reading from the top right of a page. This means that books are opened from what we would consider to be the back. Nowadays, however, books, newspapers and magazines are often written western style, in horizontal lines (yokogaki) from left to right and, in these cases, the book is opened from our (western) understanding of the front.
ref: 2008, Helen Gilhooly, chapter 1, in Complete Japanese, →ISBN, page 31:
glosses: Occidental.
Derived terms: word: Mid-Western
word: pale western cutworm
word: pro-Western
word: scrumpy and western
word: South Western Slopes
word: western action shooting
word: western Asia
word: Western Australia
word: western barn owl
word: western black-eared wheatear
word: Western Bloc
word: western blot analysis
word: Western Bug
word: Western Canadian Select
word: Western Cape
word: western capercaillie
word: western cattle egret
word: Western chess
word: western chinquapin
word: western diamondback rattlesnake
word: Western Downs
word: western duck sickness
word: westerner
word: Western European Time
word: western fence lizard
word: Western Ghats
word: western gorilla
word: western gray kangaroo
word: Western Greece
word: western grey kangaroo
word: western hemisphere
word: western marsh harrier
word: western mastiff bat
word: Western Mound
word: Western New Guinea
word: Western Norway
word: western olivaceous warbler
word: western omelet
word: western Orphean warbler
word: western osprey
word: Western Palearctic
word: Western Palestine
word: Western parotia
word: Western pattern diet
word: western pleasure
word: western plum
word: western poison ivy
word: western poison oak
word: western prickly juniper
word: western pygmy blue
word: western rat snake
word: western redbud
word: western red lily
word: Western Region
word: western roe deer
word: western sandpiper
word: western slaty antshrike
taxonomic: Spindalis zena
word: western spindalis
word: western spinebill
word: western spotted skunk
word: western spruce budworm
word: western subalpine warbler
word: western sulphur
word: western taipan
word: western tanager
word: western world
word: western xenica
word: western yellow pine
word: western yellow wagtail
western
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛstɚn/
ipa: /ˈwɛstən/
rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)n
Forms: form: westerns
Etymology: From Middle English westerne, from Old English westerne, from Proto-Germanic *westrōnijaz.
By surface analysis, west + -ern.
Senses: topics: broadcasting
film
media
television
synonyms: horse opera
oater
coordinate_terms: northern
glosses: A film, or some other dramatic work, set in, the historic (c. 1850–1910) American West (west of the Mississippi river) focusing on conflict between whites and Indians, lawmen and outlaws, ranchers and farmers, or industry (railroads, mining) and agriculture.
Derived terms: kangaroo Western
meat-pie Western
spaghetti western
Related terms: northern
eastern
southern
north-eastern
south-eastern
south-western
north-western
circumflex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɜː.kəmˌflɛks/
ipa: /ˈsɝ.kəmˌflɛks/
Forms: form: circumflexes
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin circumflexus (“bent about”), calqued from Ancient Greek περισπώμενος (perispṓmenos, “drawn around”).
Senses: synonyms: circumflex accent
glosses: A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.
Derived terms: inverted circumflex
circumflex
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɜː.kəmˌflɛks/
ipa: /ˈsɝ.kəmˌflɛks/
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin circumflexus (“bent about”), calqued from Ancient Greek περισπώμενος (perispṓmenos, “drawn around”).
Senses: examples: ê is e circumflex.
glosses: Having a circumflex mark.
examples: The circumflex coronary artery
glosses: Curving around.
circumflex
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɜː.kəmˌflɛks/
ipa: /ˈsɝ.kəmˌflɛks/
Forms: form: circumflexes
form: circumflexing
form: circumflexed
form: circumflexed
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin circumflexus (“bent about”), calqued from Ancient Greek περισπώμενος (perispṓmenos, “drawn around”).
Senses: examples: text: to circumflex a syllable
text: those words […]circumflexed on the last syllabe
ref: 1791, John Walker, Critical Pronouncing Dictionary:
glosses: To mark or pronounce with a circumflex.
examples: text: A venerable old man sitting in a chaire, with a severe aspect, wrinkled forehead, circumflex't eie-browes, great white curled beard.
ref: 1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 105:
glosses: To arch.
argonaut
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑː(ɹ).ɡəˌnɔːt/
ipa: /ˈɑɹ.ɡəˌnɔt/
ipa: /ˈɑɹ.ɡəˌnɑt/
Forms: form: argonauts
Etymology: Generalised use of Argonaut.
Senses: examples: text: Amazingly, it wasn’t until 2010 that scientists experimentally understood how argonauts use their shell constructions to float in the water column and control buoyancy.
ref: 2018 March 27, Mark Carnall, The Guardian:
glosses: Any of several species of shelled octopods of the family Argonautidae (of which only the genus Argonauta is not extinct).
glosses: An adventurer on a dangerous but rewarding quest.
glosses: A 49er, a person who took part in the California Gold Rush of 1849.
Derived terms: greater argonaut
jargonaut
pelagic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈlæd͡ʒɪk/
ipa: /pɛˈlæd͡ʒɪk/
rhymes: -ædʒɪk
Forms: form: more pelagic
form: most pelagic
Etymology: From Latin pelagicus (and possibly pelagus); from Ancient Greek πελαγικός (pelagikós), from πέλαγος (pélagos, “sea”).
Senses: examples: text: Besides, seeing a shark in an aquarium tank is not the same as seeing a shark in the wild, in its natural, pelagic habitat.
ref: 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 13:
text: The main fish species in freshwater ponds in China are silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, common carp, crucian carp, black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella), etc. According to their live habitat, they can be divided relatively into pelagic and benthic fish.
ref: 2023 April 4, Shuang-Lin Dong, Xiang-Li Tian, Qin-Feng Gao, Yun-Wei Dong, Aquaculture Ecology, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 342:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Living in the open sea rather than in coastal or inland waters.
examples: text: Drifting idly around a broad oceanic arc, the bottle collides softly with tens of thousands of pelagic plastics all colonized by hard-shelled organisms, including barnacles, coralline algae, foraminifera and bivalve molluscs.
ref: 2020, David Farrier, “The Bottle as Hero”, in Footprints, 4th Estate, →ISBN:
glosses: Of or pertaining to oceans.
Hypernyms: marine
Hyponyms: photic
aphotic
neritic
oceanic
planktonic
epipelagic
mesopelagic
bathypelagic
abyssopelagic
hadopelagic
benthic
Derived terms: abyssalpelagic
abyssopelagic
allopelagic
archipelagic
bathypelagic
benthopelagic
biopelagic
chimopelagic
cryopelagic
epipelagic
eupelagic
hadalpelagic
hadopelagic
hemipelagic
holopelagic
mesopelagic
micropelagic
nonpelagic
nyctipelagic
pelagically
pelagic trawl
pelagic zone
semipelagic
pelagic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈlæd͡ʒɪk/
ipa: /pɛˈlæd͡ʒɪk/
rhymes: -ædʒɪk
Forms: form: pelagics
Etymology: From Latin pelagicus (and possibly pelagus); from Ancient Greek πελαγικός (pelagikós), from πέλαγος (pélagos, “sea”).
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Any organism that lives in the open sea rather than in coastal or inland waters.
close of play
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
synonyms: stumps
glosses: The end of a day's play.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
tennis
glosses: The end of the final game (not to be confused with set or match) during a day at the Wimbledon Championships.
examples: text: In fact, in our global financial institution, close of play was taken to be 1615 EST with all subsequent trades going on to the next day
ref: 2005, Karin Knorr-Cetina, Alex Preda, “Managing Dispersed”, in The sociology of financial markets, →ISBN, page 246:
text: Ask yourself this question: If you delegate, will the task be done: [...] Sooner (completing the task earlier, e.g. this project will finish close of play Thursday if I delegate; if I do not, close of play Friday)
ref: 2006, Martin Richardson, “Delegation and Coaching”, in The People Management Clinic: Answers to Your Most Frequently Asked Questions, →ISBN, page 120:
text: Your mother can be buried at the Smolensky graveyard on Vadilevsky, which is, I understand, in accordance with her wishes. That’s official as of close of play today.
ref: 2008, Edward Docx, Pravda, →ISBN, page 119:
glosses: The end of the working day.
close the face
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: closes the face
form: closing the face
form: closed the face
form: closed the face
Senses: topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To turn the face of the bat inwards, in order to hit the ball to the leg side.
arena
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹiːnə/
rhymes: -iːnə
Forms: form: arenas
form: arenae
form: arenæ
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin arēna (“sand, arena”), from an earlier *hasēna (compare Sabine fasēna), possibly from Etruscan.
Senses: examples: text: A large crowd filled the seats of the arena.
glosses: An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America).
examples: text: The arena is grey with white beams.
glosses: The building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.
examples: text: The gladiators entered the arena.
glosses: The sand-covered centre of an amphitheatre where contests were held in Ancient Rome.
examples: text: The company was a player in the maritime insurance arena.
text: But transects have also been utilised in a large variety of arenas, including surveying the contents of Amerindian earthen mounds, determining levels of anti-rabies vaccinations in village dogs, and examining ecological factors under the canopy of trees growing in agricultural areas.
ref: 2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 4:
text: To Musk, his vast fortune is a mere side effect of his ability not just to see but to do things others cannot, in arenas where the stakes are existential.
ref: December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time:
glosses: A realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.
Derived terms: arena football
arenaful
arena ice
arenalike
arena rock
arenic
descend into the arena
Point Arena
subarena
amphitheatre
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæmfɪˌθiːətə/
ipa: /ˈæmfɪˌθɪətə/
ipa: /ˈæmfiˌθiːətə/
ipa: /ˈæm.pəˌθi.(j)ə.tɚ/
ipa: /ˈæm.fəˌθi.(j)ə.tɚ/
Forms: form: amphitheatres
form: amphitheater
Etymology: From Latin amphitheatrum, from Ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphithéatron) from ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”) + θέᾱτρον (théātron, “theatre”).
Senses: examples: text: Ancient Roman amphitheatres were mostly oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium.
text: We had previously visited the building prepared for the assemblage, which was a vast pentagonal semicircular amphitheatre of painted wood and canvas work, ...
ref: 1816, John Cam Hobhouse Baron Broughton, The Substance of Some Letters, page 192:
text: The dry quarry in Shrewsbury [was] in use from at least 1445-6 [...until] 1568-9 (and perhaps beyond)[. ...] Location of this as the site of a semicircular amphitheatre [used in the 1400s and 1500s] is confirmed by the evidence, published in total for the first time in the present volume.
ref: 1994, J. A. B. Somerset, Shropshire, University of Toronto Press, →ISBN, page 388:
glosses: An open, outdoor theatre (which may be a theatre in the round, or have a stage with seating on only one side), especially one from the classical period of ancient Greece or Rome, or a modern venue of similar design.
examples: text: The difference between the approach to Baylen from the west and from the east, is that on the former side the traveller reaches the town through a semicircular amphitheatre of upland, while by the latter he comes up a V-shaped valley ...
ref: 1902, Charles Oman, A History of the Peninsular War, page 188:
text: Brecon or Aberhonddu, a typical Welsh town of 5,350 inhabitants, stands in a grand amphitheatre of hills and mountains at the confluence of the rivers Usk, Honddu, and Tarell.
ref: 1939 September, A. F. N. Barnsdale, “The Neath & Brecon Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 188:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A natural formation of a similar shape, where a steep mountain or slope or particular rock formation forms a partial or complete bowl, especially one used as a performance space (and possibly modified by carving out seats, etc) because the slopes naturally amplify or echo sound.
Derived terms: amphitheatred
amphitheatric
amphitheatrical
oval
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈəʊvəl/
ipa: /ˈoʊvəl/
rhymes: -əʊvəl
Forms: form: ovals
Etymology: From Late Latin ovalis, from ovum; cognate with French and Italian ovale, Dutch ovaal. From 1570.
Senses: glosses: An elongated round shape resembling an egg or ellipse.
glosses: A thing having such a shape, such as an arena.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: In a projective plane, a set of points such that no three are collinear and there is a unique tangent line at each point.
glosses: A sports field, typically but not exclusively oval in shape.
Derived terms: Cassinian oval
Cassini oval
flat oval
hyperoval
oval of Cassini
oval squid
oval window
roval
tri-oval
oval
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈəʊvəl/
ipa: /ˈoʊvəl/
rhymes: -əʊvəl
Forms: form: more oval
form: most oval
Etymology: From Late Latin ovalis, from ovum; cognate with French and Italian ovale, Dutch ovaal. From 1570.
Senses: glosses: Having the shape of an oval.
examples: text: oval conceptions
text: Every congenital abnormality is doubtless due to a peculiarity in the sperm or oval elements or in their mingling, or to some disturbance in their early development.
ref: 1901, Havelock Ellis, Sexual inversion, page 187:
glosses: Of or pertaining to an ovum.
Synonyms: ovular
ovate
ovoid
ovaline
elliptical
egg-shaped
Derived terms: bioval
circumoval
monoval
nonoval
oboval
ovalescent
ovaliform
ovaline
ovalisation
ovalish
ovality
ovalization
ovalize
ovallike
ovalling
ovally
ovalness
ovalocyte
ovaloid
oval-shaped
perioval
plurioval
semioval
squoval
suboval
trioval
unioval
Related terms: ovoid
ovum
anemone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈnɛm.ə.ni/
rhymes: -ɛməni
ipa: /əˈnɛn.ə.mi/
note: proscribed but common
ipa: /əˈmɛn.ə.mi/
Forms: form: anemones
Etymology: From Latin anemōnē, from Ancient Greek ἀνεμώνη (anemṓnē), from ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”) + matronymic suffix -ώνη (-ṓnē, “daughter of”).
Or from Phoenician *𐤍𐤏𐤌𐤍 (*nʿmn), akin to Arabic شَقَائِق اَلنُّعْمَان (šaqāʔiq an-nuʕmān, “anemones”) and Hebrew (Isaiah Scroll) נִטְעֵי נַעֲמָנִים (nit'ei na'amanim, “plants of pleasantness”).
Senses: examples: text: Here (it was said) every year the youth Adonis was again wounded to death, and the river ran red with his blood, while the scarlet anemone bloomed among the cedars and walnuts.
ref: 1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 23:
text: Then walking slowly forward he read the letter again, murmuring here and there a word. Angry tulips with you darling manflower punish your cactus if you don’t please poor forgetmenot how I long violets to dear roses when we soon anemone meet all naughty nightstalk wife Martha’s perfume. Having read it all […]
ref: 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 5]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
text: Among herbs that have traditionally been considered to possess aphrodisiac virtue are, maidenhair, navelwort, anemone, wild poppy, valerian, cyclamen, male fern, pansy, periwinkle.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 115:
text: The engagement photos were set in a leafy bower festooned with pink and white roses, anemones, lilies and delphinium, like something straight out of an enchanted garden.
ref: 2025 August 27, Vanessa Friedman, “The Ralph Lauren Look of Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce’s Engagement Photos”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 Aug 2025:
glosses: Any plant of the genus Anemone, of the Ranunculaceae (or buttercup) family, such as the windflower.
glosses: A sea anemone.
Derived terms: alpine anemone
ANDRILL anemone
anemonefish
anemone fish
anemonin
anemonol
buttercup anemone
Chinese anemone
clown anemone
false plum anemone
hell's fire anemone
Japanese anemone
jewel anemone
narcissus-flowered anemone
rue anemone
sea anemone
sun anemone shrimp
tree anemone
wood anemone
yellow anemone
yellow wood anemone
yellow woodland anemone
Related terms: Actiniaria
buttercup
cnidarian
coral
Ranunculaceae
begonia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bəˈɡəʊniː.ə/
ipa: /bəˈɡoʊni.ə/
ipa: [bəˈɡoʊn.jə]
rhymes: -əʊniə
Forms: form: begonias
Etymology: Borrowed from translingual Begonia (genus of plants), named after Michel Bégon (1638–1710), French governor of Saint-Domingue.
Senses: glosses: Any plant of the large genus of Begonia.
wikipedia: Michel Bégon
Saint-Domingue
Derived terms: New Zealand begonia
star begonia
strawberry begonia
black-eyed Susan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: black-eyed Susans
Senses: glosses: The flowering annual plant Rudbeckia hirta; the state flower of Maryland, United States.
glosses: Various other flowering plants:
Certain other members of the genus Rudbeckia.
glosses: Various other flowering plants:
Hibiscus trionum in the family Malvaceae.
glosses: Various other flowering plants:
The black-eyed Susan vine, Thunbergia alata, in the family Acanthaceae.
glosses: Various other flowering plants:
Some members of the Australian plant genus Tetratheca, particularly Tetratheca hirsuta, members of the family Elaeocarpaceae
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: A kind of boiled pudding with currants.
Related terms: brown-eyed Susan
Busy Lizzie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Busy Lizzies
Senses: glosses: A common flowering plant, Impatiens walleriana.
California poppy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: California poppies
Senses: glosses: A popular flowering garden plant, Eschscholzia californica, native to the south-western United States, and other similar plants in genus Eschscholzia.
polity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɒl.ɪ.ti/
ipa: /ˈpɑ.lə.ti/
ipa: [ˈpɑ.lə.ɾi]
ipa: /ˈpɔl.ə.ti/
ipa: [ˈpɔl.ə.ɾi]
Forms: form: polities
Etymology: From Middle French politie, from Latin polītīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “polity, policy, the state”). Doublet of policy and police.
Senses: examples: text: Church polity was a topic of fierce dispute in 17th-century Britain.
text: Once exposed, Confucianism was to become a political issue, an alternative among other contending ideologies which threatened to change the polity of the empire.
ref: 1979, Jerome Ch’en, China and the West: Society and Culture, 1815–1937, page 270:
text: The utopian community at Ephrata flourished for forty years, and the last celibates at Ephrata died after the turn of the century. It had continuing influences reaching far into the nineteenth century, and in some measure anticipated Mormon polity and cosmology.
ref: 1994, John L. Brooke, The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN, page 42:
text: Of course, other visions of Buddhist polity and its relationship to monastic life have occurred throughout the Buddhist world. For example in the seventeenth century Tibetan Buddhists successfully established a theocracy under the guidance of monks […]
ref: 2011, Jason A. Carbine, Sons of the Buddha: Continuities and Ruptures in a Burmese Monastic Tradition, →ISBN, page 9, note 26:
topics: government
lifestyle
politics
religion
coordinate_terms: policy
glosses: Organizational structure and governance, especially of a state or a religion.
examples: text: New polities emerged in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire.
topics: political-science
social-sciences
glosses: A politically organized unit, especially a nation of people, a class or ingroup that governs it, or the state ruled thereby.
Derived terms: divine polity
interpolity
subpolity
Related terms: police
policy
politic
political
politician
politicize
politics
camellia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈmiːli.ə/
ipa: /kəˈmɛli.ə/
Forms: form: camellias
Etymology: From New Latin Camellia, named after Moravian botanist Joseph Kamel (‘Camellus’) (1661–1706). The Czech surname Kamel is a variant of Kamil.
Senses: examples: text: Palms towered majestically over the heads of the lower shrubs, and camellias, stephanotis, and many other semi-tropical flowers were growing luxuriantly in the open air.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 22:
text: I already hinted at the problem of sea eutrophication (where excess nutrients cause algae to flourish) due to the phosphates that used to be added to washing powder, and, surely, it is not pleasant for plants to find underfoot (or, better, "underroot") those surfactants we use daily at home (please, never pour your dishwater on the roots of a magnificent camellia, even if it is blooming in the garden of a next-door neighbor you cannot stand).
ref: 2011, Roberto Piazza, Soft Matter: The stuff that dreams are made of, page 130:
glosses: Any plant of the genus Camellia, shrubs and small trees native to Asia; Camellia japonica is the most popular as a garden plant; Camellia sinensis is the tea plant.
Derived terms: deciduous camellia
oil-seed camellia
tea oil camellia
Yunnan camellia
chrysanthemum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɪˈsænθəməm/
ipa: /kɹəˈsænθəmʌm/
Forms: form: chrysanthemums
form: chrysanthema
Etymology: From Latin chrȳsanthemum from Ancient Greek χρῡσάνθεμον (khrūsánthemon, “Persian buttercup”).
Senses: glosses: Any of many flowering perennial plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to China, that have showy radiate heads.
Synonyms: word: mum
Derived terms: azaleamum
chrysanthemin
chrysanthemumed
chrysanthemumlike
Chrysanthemum Throne
garland chrysanthemum
Indian chrysanthemum
max chrysanthemum
clematis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklɛmətɪs/
Forms: form: clematises
form: clematis
Etymology: From Latin clēmatis, from Ancient Greek κληματίς (klēmatís), from κλῆμα (klêma, “vine, branch with vines”).
Senses: examples: text: He came slowly up to the open door, which was all hung round with clematis and roses; and then peeped in, half afraid.
ref: 1863, Charles Kingsley, The Water Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby:
text: Noiselessly she laid the clematis and wattle on her bed, then stood near the covered face, and, looking down at her untied bootlaces, sighed an impatient sigh always well known and understood by this now unresponsive father.
ref: 1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 127:
text: Jim is a nurseryman, specialising in clematis, and he has built up a business exporting 150 varieties to countries all over the world.
ref: 1980, Robert Dougall, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 379:
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Any plant of the genus Clematis, vigorous climbing lianas found throughout the temperate zones.
columbine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒləmˌbaɪn/
ipa: /ˈkɑləmˌbaɪn/
Forms: form: columbines
Etymology: From the Latin colombina herba (“dove-like plant”), the flower being likened to five clustered pigeons.
Senses: glosses: Any plant of the genus Aquilegia, having distinctive bell-shaped flowers with spurs on each petal.
Derived terms: columbinic
common columbine
eastern columbine
columbine
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒləmˌbaɪn/
ipa: /ˈkɑləmˌbaɪn/
Forms: form: more columbine
form: most columbine
Etymology: From Middle English columbyne, from Old French columbin (French colombin), from Latin columbinus, from columba (“dove, pigeon”).
Senses: examples: text: It is not possible to join serpentine wisdom with the columbine innocency, except men know exactly all the conditions of the serpent.
ref: 1605, Francis Bacon, “(please specify |book=1 or 2)”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Pertaining to a dove or pigeon.
cowslip
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkaʊ.slɪp/
Forms: form: cowslips
form: couslip
form: cowslippe
Etymology: From Middle English cowslyppe, from Old English cūslyppe (“cowslip”), from cū (“cow”) + slyppe (“paste, viscid substance”), related to Old English slūpan (“to slip, glide, move softly”). Compare oxlip.
Senses: examples: text: Where the bee sucks, there suck I: / In a cowslip's bell I lie;
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
text: Here is spring were celandine, marsh marigold, wind-flower, primrose, cowslip and dog's violet.
ref: 1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 13:
glosses: A low-growing plant, Primula veris, with yellow flowers.
glosses: Any of several other plants related or similar in appearance
Primula deorum, a flowering plant known as God's cowslip and rila cowslip
glosses: Any of several other plants related or similar in appearance
Primula florindae, a flowering plant known as giant cowslip and Tibetan cowslip
glosses: Any of several other plants related or similar in appearance
Primula sikkimensis, a flowering plant known as Himalayan cowslip and Sikkim cowslip
glosses: Any of several other plants related or similar in appearance
marsh marigold, Caltha palustris, a plant in the buttercup family, growing in wet, boggy locations.
glosses: Any of several other plants related or similar in appearance
Pulmonaria angustifolia, blue cowslip or narrow-leaved lungwort
glosses: Ellipsis of cowslip tea: a kind of green tea; an herbal tea made with cowslip flowers.
Synonyms: sense: Primula veris
word: paigle
sense: Primula veris
word: herb Peter
sense: Caltha palustris
word: marsh marigold
sense: Caltha palustris
word: kingcup
sense: Caltha palustris
word: mayflower
sense: Caltha palustris
word: mollyblobs
sense: Caltha palustris
word: pollyblobs
sense: Caltha palustris
word: horse blob
Derived terms: cowslipped
Virginia cowslip
cranesbill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹeɪnz.bɪl/
Forms: form: cranesbills
Etymology: First attested in the 1500s. Calque of Dutch craenhals; cognate with German Kranichhals and Middle Low German kraneshals, all likely derived from Latin geranium, from Ancient Greek γέρᾰνος (gérănos, “crane”).
By surface analysis, crane + -s- + bill. The flowering plant is so called because of the lengthened appendage of the seed vessel.
Senses: examples: text: Sometimes called cranesbills, geraniums make up a large and widely used genus, greatly loved by gardeners from England to the United States to Australia.
ref: 2007, Holly Kerr Forsyth, The Constant Gardener, The Miegunyah Press, →ISBN, page 93:
synonyms: geranium
glosses: Any flowering plant of the genus Geranium found throughout the temperate zone.
glosses: A pair of long-beaked forceps.
Derived terms: Carolina cranesbill
pencilled cranesbill
spotted cranesbill
crocus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹəʊ.kəs/
ipa: /ˈkɹoʊ.kəs/
rhymes: -əʊkəs
Forms: form: crocuses
form: croci
form: crocus
form: crocusses
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin crocus, from Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos, “crocus”), from an ancient Semitic language.
Senses: examples: text: Other foreign terms have become so thoroughly Anglicised as to adopt English plurals, and it is sometimes difficult to decide whether the English or the original foreign form is the more correct. None but a pedant would speak of ‘the chori of an opera,’ ‘the croci in a garden,’ or ‘the dogmata of the church;’ […]
ref: [a. 1881, William B[allantyne] Hodgson, “Noun”, in Errors in the Use of English, Edinburgh: David Douglas, published 1881, part II (Accidence), page 70:
text: Nothing is more short-lived than the erection; like the crocus of spring, it is there for a moment, and then it is gone; one moment the penis is small, soft, and insignificant, and then in the next it is hard, rigid, and three and four times its previous size.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 128:
glosses: A perennial flowering plant (of the genus Crocus in the Iridaceae family). Saffron is obtained from the stamens of Crocus sativus.
glosses: Any of various similar flowering plants, such as autumn crocus and prairie crocus.
topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A deep yellow powder, the oxide of some metal (especially iron), calcined to a red or deep yellow colour.
glosses: A fraudulent doctor; a quack.
Derived terms: autumn crocus
crocin
crocused
crocuslike
crocus of Mars
crocus of Venus
prairie crocus
saffron crocus
sand crocus
crocus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹəʊ.kəs/
ipa: /ˈkɹoʊ.kəs/
rhymes: -əʊkəs
Senses: examples: text: a crocus bag
glosses: Burlap.
dahlia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdeɪ.li.ə/
ipa: /ˈdɑː.li.ə/
ipa: /ˈdæl.jə/
ipa: /ˈdɑl.jə/
ipa: /ˈdeɪl.jə/
rhymes: -eɪliə
rhymes: -ɑːliə
rhymes: -æliə
Forms: form: dahlias
Etymology: Named 1791 after Anders Dahl, by Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles.
Senses: glosses: Any plant of the genus Dahlia, tuberous perennial flowering plants native to Mexico.
wikipedia: Anders Dahl
Derived terms: dahlin
sea dahlia
digitalis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪdʒɪˈtɑːlɪs/
ipa: /dɪd͡ʒɪˈtælɪs/
ipa: /dɪd͡ʒɪˈteɪlɪs/
Forms: form: digitalises
Etymology: Modern Latin, from Latin digitālis (“of the fingers”) (named in reference to the German common name for the plant, Fingerhut (“thimble”)). Doublet of digital.
Senses: examples: text: 11. Delphiniums and digitalises.
ref: 1834, James Moore, “Gardens of the Misses Garnier”, in The Gardener’s Magazine, and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement, volume 19, page 210:
text: At the Medico-Botanical Society on Tuesday, Dr. Morries, made some some observations on opium, digitales, conium, and hyoscyamus, and exhibited specimens of oils obtained from the latter plants.
ref: 1836, Joseph Harrison, The Floricultural Cabinet, and Florists’ Magazine, volume 4, page 133:
text: Polemoniums of various species, aubretias, dwarf phloxes, delphiniums, digitalises, gerums, erigerons and a number of other things have bloomed a second time […]
ref: 1903, American Florist, volume 19, page 555:
glosses: Any plant of the genus Digitalis (herbaceous plants of the Plantaginaceae family, including the foxglove, Digitalis purpurea).
examples: text: ‘You very nearly died. I had to give you digitalis three times.’
ref: 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 188:
text: The ancient remedy digitalis, extracted from the foxglove plant, for example, acts by blocking sodium channels in heart muscle, preventing potentially dangerous overactivity.
ref: 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 25:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A medical extract of Digitalis purpurea prescribed for heart failure etc.
Derived terms: digitalin
digitaloid
digitoxin
Related terms: digitalize
bluebell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbluˌbɛl/
Forms: form: bluebells
Etymology: From blue + bell.
Senses: glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In genus Hyacinthoides
common bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta)
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In genus Hyacinthoides
Spanish bluebell (Hyacinthoides hispanica)
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In genus Hyacinthoides
Italian bluebell (Hyacinthoides italica)
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In other genera
grape hyacinth (Muscari)
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In other genera
Virginia bluebell (Mertensia virginica)
examples: text: The cutting sides were gay with heather in bloom, and masses of dainty Scots bluebells, while patches of clear sky overhead were bringing life and colour to the sea.
ref: 1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, in Railway Magazine, page 9:
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In other genera
Scottish bluebell (harebell) (Campanula rotundifolia)
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In other genera
Australian royal bluebell (Wahlenbergia gloriosa)
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In other genera
Texas bluebell (Eustoma russellianum)
glosses: Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
In other genera
desert bluebell or California bluebell (Phacelia campanularia)
Derived terms: bluebell creeper
bluebelled
bluebell of Scotland
English bluebell
Riverina bluebell
sea bluebell
opulence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒp.jʊl.əns/
rhymes: -ɒpjʊləns
Forms: form: opulences
Etymology: From French opulence, from Latin opulentia.
Senses: glosses: Wealth.
glosses: Abundance, bounty, profusion.
examples: text: There in full Opulence a Banker dwelt,
Who all the Joys and Pangs of Riches felt;
His Side-board glitter’d with imagin’d Plate;
And his proud Fancy held a vaſt Eſtate.
ref: 1721, John Gay, “A Panegyrical Epiſtle to Mr. Thomas Snow, Goldſmith, near Temple-Bar; Occaſion’d by his Buying and Selling the Third South-Sea Subſcriptions, taken in by the Directors at a Thouſand per Cent”, in Miſcellanies, volume 3, published 1733, page 239:
text: The most meritorious persons have always … been removed from opulence.
ref: C. J. Fox
glosses: Ostentatious display of wealth and luxury; plushness.
Related terms: opulent
boogeyman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊɡiˌmæn/
ipa: /ˈbuɡiˌmæn/
Forms: form: boogeymen
Etymology: By alteration from bogeyman.
Senses: examples: text: [Screams .]
 Bogeyman! You nail the windows shut.
 I'll get the gun.
 [ Grunts .]
 Bart, I don't want to alarm you but there may be a bogeyman or bogeymen in the house.
ref: 2009 May 11, “$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)”, in The Simpsons, season 5, episode 10, spoken by Homer Simpson (Dan Castellaneta), via Fox:
glosses: Alternative form of bogeyman.
bogeyman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbəʊ.ɡɪˌmæn/
ipa: /ˈbəʊ.ɡiˌmæn/
ipa: /ˈboʊ.ɡiˌmæn/
ipa: /ˈbʊɡ.iˌmæn/
ipa: /ˈbu.ɡiˌmæn/
ipa: /ˈbu.ɡiˌmæn/
Forms: form: bogeymen
form: bogieman
form: bogyman
form: boogieman
form: boogeyman
form: boogyman
form: buggerman
Etymology: From bogey + -man.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: bogeyperson, bogeywoman
text: Lay your head down child
I won't let the boogeyman come
Counting bodies like sheep
To the rhythm of the war drums
Pay no mind to the rabble
Pay no mind to the rabble
Head down, go to sleep
To the rhythm of the war drums
ref: 2003, “Pet”, performed by A Perfect Circle:
synonyms: bogey
bug-a-boo
bugaboo
bugbear
coordinate_terms: goblin
glosses: A menacing, ghost-like monster in children's stories.
examples: text: Near-synonyms: bug-a-boo, bugaboo, chimera
text: The bogeyman of a Halloween-candy poisoner behind every door has animated occasional moral panics against trick-or-treating.
text: With no original ideas or solutions, they've now resorted to bringing out a tried-and-tested bogeymen in a last-ditch attempt to derail much-needed legislation.
ref: 2009 November 11, Anthony Tarricone, “Blaming lawyers a bogeyman to stop health reform”, in CNN:
text: Before the Internet it was television. And, if not that, it was radio, films, or games. All have taken their turn as the popular bogeyman, blighting the minds of the young.
ref: 2013, Frances Booth, The Distraction Trap:
text: If there’s a down side to the film, it’s that “Soros” probably doesn’t devote enough time to the way its subject has become a favorite bogeyman to conservatives that paint him as the guiding hand behind grassroots campaigns by those intent on discrediting them.
ref: 2020 November 18, Brian Lowry, “‘Soros’ looks at the life and activism of the right’s favorite bogeyman”, in CNN:
glosses: Any make-believe threat, especially one used to intimidate or distract; a real threat greatly exaggerated for those purposes.
bogyman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bogymen
Etymology: From bogy + -man.
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of bogeyman.
misspeak
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈspiːk/
rhymes: -iːk
Forms: form: misspeaks
form: misspeaking
form: misspoke
form: misspoken
Etymology: From Middle English misspeken, mispeken, mysspeken, from Old English *misspecan, missprecan (“to murmur”), equivalent to mis- + speak.
Senses: examples: text: Either I misspoke or you misheard.
text: The president’s comments on Wednesday came after Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina, the chamber’s only Black Republican, said that “white supremacy should be denounced at every turn. I think he misspoke, I think he should correct it. If he doesn’t correct it I guess he didn’t misspeak.”
ref: 2020 September 30, “Trump Faces Torrent of Criticism From Fellow Republicans After Failing to Denounce White Supremacy”, in New York Times:
text: In July, both Labour leader Sir Kier Starmer and Shadow Chancellor Rachel Reeves appeared to contradict the commitment to public ownership - but then subsequently said they had misspoken.
ref: 2022 October 5, Conrad Landin, “Network News: Labour resolves to put rail "in the hands of the public"”, in RAIL, number 967, page 16:
synonyms: mistalk
glosses: To fail to pronounce, utter, or speak correctly.
glosses: To speak insultingly or disrespectfully.
Derived terms: misspeaker
Related terms: misphrase
misstate
misword
niglet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪɡ.lət/
ipa: /ˈnɪɡ.lɪt/
Forms: form: niglets
form: nigglet
Etymology: From nig(ger) + -let. Modelled after piglet.
Senses: synonyms: niggerling
coordinate_terms: niglette
glosses: A black child.
Related terms: nigfant
teenaper
teenigger
turdler
misrule
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈɹuːl/
ipa: /mɪsˈɹʉl/
rhymes: -uːl
Forms: form: misrules
Etymology: From Middle English mysrule; equivalent to mis- + rule.
Senses: examples: text: They followed their leader in regular procession, and the motley characters, which had waited his arrival, now crowded into the church in his train, shouting as they came,—“A hall, a hall! for the venerable Father Howleglas, the learned Monk of Misrule, and the Right Reverend Abbot of Unreason!”
ref: 1820, [Walter Scott], chapter XIV, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 300:
text: Before and after the revolution, in the several states and in the country at large, pressing emergencies have occurred, periods of danger, trouble and dismay have arisen, when the community was full of misrule, and a particular state or the nation, seemed to be upon the brink of some fearful and disastrous change—yet the danger passed quickly away.
ref: 1838, Samuel K[irkland] Lothrop, A Sermon Preached Before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, at the Close of a Second Century from Their Charter Incorporation, Boston, June 4, 1838, Being the Occasion of Their CCth Anniversary, Boston, Mass.: Weeks, Jordan and Company. […], page 29:
glosses: The state of being ruled badly; disorder, lawlessness, anarchy.
examples: text: But in the recent past, there had been plenty of accusations and instances of Henry's oppressive misrule, of which the execution of the earl of Warwick, Suffolk's cousin, was the most recent and emphatic example.
ref: 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 52:
glosses: Misgovernment; bad or unjust government.