cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
duff
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌf/
ipa: /dɐf/
ipa: /dʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
Forms: form: duffs
form: duffing
form: duffed
form: duffed
Etymology: Originally thieves' slang; probably a back-formation from duffer.
Senses: glosses: To disguise something to make it look new.
examples: text: A person once taken-in by smuggled handkerchiefs, or anything, won’t deal with a hawker again, even though there’s no deception. But ‘duffing,’ and all that is going down fast, and I wish it was gone altogether.
ref: 1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, published 1861:
glosses: To sell spurious goods, often under pretence of their being stolen or smuggled.
glosses: To alter the branding of stolen cattle; to steal cattle.
topics: golf
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To hit the ground behind the ball.
Derived terms: duff up
Related terms: duffer
duff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌf/
ipa: /dɐf/
ipa: /dʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
Forms: form: duffs
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of daf (“type of drum”).
Related terms: no duff
up the duff
duffel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌfəl/
rhymes: -ʌfəl
Forms: form: duffels
form: duffle
form: duffil
form: duffill
Etymology: From Dutch duffel, named after Duffel, a town in Belgium, itself ultimately from Latin Dubrolocus, the first particle from Gaulish dubrum.
Senses: glosses: A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze.
glosses: Outfit or supplies, collectively; kit.
Derived terms: duffel bag
duffel coat
dulse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌls/
rhymes: -ʌls
Forms: form: dulses
form: dilisk
form: dillisk
form: dilsk
form: dulce
Etymology: Borrowed from Irish duileasc, Scottish Gaelic duileasg; compare Welsh delysg.
Senses: examples: text: Then Egil said, ‘That happens if you eat dulse, it makes you even thirstier.’
ref: 1997, “Egil's Saga”, in Bernard Scudder, transl., The Sagas of Icelanders, Penguin, published 2001, page 151:
text: They worked together on their father's patch: desperately, hungrily, from dawn to nightfall; dragging up dulse from the shore to nourish the stones; [...] but nothing much grew except their own sense of separation.
ref: 2002, Joseph O'Connor, Star of the Sea, Vintage, published 2003, page 90:
glosses: A seaweed of a reddish-brown color (Palmaria palmata) which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland.
Derived terms: pepper dulse
shell dulse
duma
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdumə/
homophone: doomer
Forms: form: dumas
form: Duma
Etymology: From Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”), from Proto-Slavic *duma (“breath, spirit; word; mind, thought; advice”). The drink is named after the legislative assembly.
Senses: examples: text: Hence, while preserving his autocratic power, the Czar decrees a “Gosudarstvennaia Duma,” or State Council. The elections for this Duma will cover the whole territory of the Empire, ...
ref: 1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989
glosses: A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).
glosses: A drink mixing wine and vodka.
Derived terms: dumaist
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
Etymology: From Middle English dun, donn, dunne, from Old English dunn (“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”), from Proto-West Germanic *duʀn, from Proto-Germanic *duznaz, *dusnaz (“brown, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Old Saxon dun (“brown, dark”), Old High German tusin (“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”), Old Norse dunna (“female mallard; duck”).
Alternative etymology derives the Old English word from Brythonic (compare Middle Welsh dwnn (“dark (red)”)), from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (compare Old Irish donn and Scottish Gaelic donn (“brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (compare Old Saxon dosan (“chestnut brown”)). More at dusk.
Senses: synonyms: claybank
glosses: A brownish grey colour.
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Etymology: From Middle English dun, donn, dunne, from Old English dunn (“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”), from Proto-West Germanic *duʀn, from Proto-Germanic *duznaz, *dusnaz (“brown, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Old Saxon dun (“brown, dark”), Old High German tusin (“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”), Old Norse dunna (“female mallard; duck”).
Alternative etymology derives the Old English word from Brythonic (compare Middle Welsh dwnn (“dark (red)”)), from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (compare Old Irish donn and Scottish Gaelic donn (“brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (compare Old Saxon dosan (“chestnut brown”)). More at dusk.
Senses: examples: text: Come, thick Night,
 And pall thee in the dunneſt ſmoake of Hell,
 That my keene Knife ſee not the Wound it makes,
 Nor Heauen peepe through the Blanket of the darke,
 To cry, hold, hold.
ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 134, column 2, lines 48–49:
text: My Miſtres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,
 Currall is farre more red, then her lips red,
 If ſnow be white, why then her breſts are dun:
 If hairs be wiers, black wiers grow on her head: [...]
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 130”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
text: Red o'er the forest glows the setting sun, / The line of yellow light dies fast away / That crown'd the eastern copse, and chill and dun / Falls on the moor the brief November day.
ref: 1827, [John Keble], “Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 85:
text: Where is the nobility in these streets paved with greasy carbon and dun ash?
ref: 2007 September 25, Bungie, Halo 3, Microsoft Game Studios, Xbox 360, level/area: Terminal One (Legendary):
glosses: Of a brownish grey colour.
Derived terms: english: uncertain
translation: uncertain
word: donkey
word: dun-bar
word: dunbird
word: dun crow
word: dun diver
word: dunfish
word: dunness
word: dunnish
word: dunnock
word: dunny
word: dunsel
Related terms: bawn
durmast oak
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
Etymology: Unknown; perhaps a variant of din. Several sources suggest origin from Joe Dun, the name of a bailiff known for arresting debtors, but this is controversial.
Senses: examples: text: "The truth is, Mr. Curl, I cannot write when I am plagued about trifles; and a tiresome dun this morning put to flight every idea that I had in the world."
"Mr. Maynard," said the bookseller, in a solemn tone, "it is very wrong to run in debt."
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 162–163:
text: Look ye, gentlemen, I have lived with credit in the world, and it grieves my heart never to stir out of my doors but to be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun or other.
ref: 1889 [1712], John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull, London: Cassell & Co., →OCLC, page 71:
text: Melancholy duns came looking for him at all hours.
ref: 1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XVIII, in Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC:
text: ‘Frank's worried about duns,’ she said as the butler went away.
ref: 1970, John Glassco, Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York, published 2007, page 102:
glosses: A collector of debts, especially one who is insistent and demanding.
examples: text: Miss Hoppin received a dun for volume 9 1840–1 which Mr. James McConnell, (who now pays the above) is sure was paid.
ref: 1842, A.B.G., “Errata”, in Evangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate, volume 13, →OCLC, page 251:
glosses: An urgent request or demand of payment.
Derived terms: dun letter
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
form: dunning
form: dunned
form: dunned
Etymology: Unknown; perhaps a variant of din. Several sources suggest origin from Joe Dun, the name of a bailiff known for arresting debtors, but this is controversial.
Senses: examples: text: And hath she sent so soon to dun?
ref: 1768, Jonathan Swift, The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, London: C. Bathurst, →OCLC, Miscellanies in Verse, page 309:
text: Of all he had received from Lady Bellaston, not above five guineas remained and that very morning he had been dunned by a tradesman for twice that sum.
glosses: To ask or beset a debtor for payment.
examples: text: Rich bitches who had to be dunned for their milk bills would pay him right now.
ref: 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 107:
glosses: To harass by continually repeating e.g. a request.
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
Etymology: Uncertain; likely from the color.
Senses: examples: text: Also, duns are dull and generally sober colored, whilst spinners are more brightly colored and shining and their wings are clear and transparent.
ref: 1966, John Harris, An Angler's Entomology, New York: Barnes, →OCLC, page 16:
glosses: A newly hatched, immature mayfly; a mayfly subimago.
examples: text: We have besides for this Month a little Dun call'd a whirling Dun (though it is not the whirling Dun indeed, which is one of the best Flies we have) and for this the dubbing must be of the bottom fur of a Squirrels tail and the wing of the grey feather of a Drake.
ref: 1676, Charles Cotton, The Compleat Angler. Being Instructions how to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream, London: Richard Marriott, and Henry Brome, →OCLC, March, page 59:
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: A fly made to resemble the mayfly subimago.
Synonyms: subimago
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
form: doon
form: dún
Etymology: From Irish dún or Scottish Gaelic dùn, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“fortress”). Cognate with Welsh dinas (“city”). Doublet of town.
Senses: examples: text: Pampedun, or Pandon, was probably a place of residence from the earliest times; its sheltered situation for boats, and proximity to the ancient way over the river, protected perhaps by a dun or camp, on the height above [...] possibly gave origin to the ancient name of the place, Pampedun, from the British pant, a hollow, and dun, a fort or camp, Pant-y-dun.
ref: 1858, Henry MacLauchlan, Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1852-1854, London: Printed for private circulation, →OCLC, page 9:
glosses: An ancient or medieval fortification; especially a hill-fort in Scotland or Ireland.
examples: text: Smaller than the broch was the dun, another type of stone-built 'roundhouse'.
ref: 2013, T.J. Clarkson, The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings, Edinburgh: Birlinn, →ISBN:
topics: archaeology
history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: A structure in the Orkney or Shetland islands or in Scotland consisting of a roundhouse surrounded by a circular wall; a broch.
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Etymology: See do.
Senses: examples: text: Now, ya dun it!
text: ...a wise old lady exclaimed, "Why Mrs. M. warn't you orful skeerd wunst when you seed a dog fight? [...] an that ere big yaller dog bit orf your baby's hand that minit; in cors he dun it, so now that settles it."
ref: 1895 May 24, S.L.N. Foote, “Correspondence”, in International Journal of Medicine and Surgery, volume 8, retrieved 13 Oct 2016, page 194:
text: “Oh, Because I want their dollar.
 I don't want Anything they've not got. I never dun.
 I'm there, and they can pay me if they like.
 I go nowhere on purpose: I happen by.
Sorry there is no cup to give you a drink.[…]
ref: 2001 April 1, Robert Frost, Poems by Robert Frost: A Boy's Will and North of Boston, Penguin, →ISBN, →OCLC:
glosses: Eye dialect spelling of done: past participle of do.
examples: text: Fwhere's he come from, I dun'no'. French or English, I dun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know.
ref: 1901, Gilbert Parker, The Right of Way, New York and London: Harper, →OCLC:
glosses: Pronunciation spelling of don't: contraction of do not.
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
form: dunning
form: dunned
form: dunned
Etymology: Likely from the color of fish so prepared.
Senses: examples: text: Dun-fish are of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish for dunning are caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.
ref: 1832, James Thacher, History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832, Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, →OCLC, page 317:
glosses: To cure, as codfish, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with saltgrass or a similar substance.
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
Etymology: See dune.
Senses: glosses: A mound or small hill.
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Etymology: Imitative.
Senses: examples: text: How would you deal with that power? (Dun, dun, DUN! Insert dramatic music here.)
ref: 2009, Carrie Tucker, I Love Geeks: The Official Handbook, Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media, →ISBN:
text: Dun, dun! Dun, dun! As the music continues, the long shot of Griff's walk is broken down into repeating tight shots of his face, his legs, and his shifting point of view of Brockie.
ref: 2015, Lisa Dombrowski, The Films of Samuel Fuller: If You Die, I’ll Kill You, page 113:
text: 'DUN DUN DUN DUN-DUN-DUN-DUN! DUN DUN DUN DUNDUN-DUN-DUN... PRESSURE!' By 2.05 a.m. I am Very Awake Indeed and the catastrophising continues.
ref: 2016, Helen Russell, Leap Year: How small steps can make a giant difference:
text: Whenever that iconic riff in the score cued up—Dun dun ... dun dun ... dun dun dun dun dun-dun-dun-dun ... —Jack's heart would race, and she'd feel the fear on her skin.
ref: 2020, Spencer Hamilton, The Fear: A Pandemic Horror Novel:
glosses: Imitating a deep bass note, such as that found in suspenseful music.
Derived terms: dun dun dun
dun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʌn/
ipa: /dʊn/
rhymes: -ʌn
homophone: done
homophone: Donn
homophone: Donne
homophone: Dunn
homophone: Dunne
Forms: form: duns
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindustani दून (dūn) / دُون (dūn). False cognate of dun (sense 4) / doon, and dun (sense 7) / dune
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of dhoon (“Himalayan valley”).
Related terms: sense: etymologically unrelated terms
word: dun comma
sense: etymologically unrelated terms
word: dun dun
dunker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ʌŋkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: dunkers
Etymology: From dunk + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (patient suffix).
Senses: glosses: Someone who dunks.
topics: ball-games
basketball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A person tasked with performing or training others in slam dunks.
glosses: A biscuit that is suitable for dunking in a cup of tea.
glosses: Any snack food suitable for dunking in sauce.
examples: text: Active sonar, for aircraft purposes still largely associated with dunking, suffers less variability but often has less range. […] Development of both dunkers and sonobuoys continues towards lower frequencies, implying bigger arrays, and deeper deployments.
ref: 1986, Jane's Defence Weekly, volume 6, page 1285:
text: Then they drop the dunker into the water and spin it around a few times so you end up upside-down.
ref: 2013, Philip Kaplan, Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying, page 179:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A kind of sonobuoy.
dunner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ʌnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: dunners
Etymology: From dun + -er.
Senses: glosses: One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.
dyadic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪˈæ.dɪk/
ipa: [daɪˈæ.ɾɪk]
rhymes: -ædɪk
Forms: form: dyadics
Etymology: From dyad + -ic. The mathematics sense was coined by American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs in 1884 in the second half of his book Elements of Vector Analysis.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: The sum of two or more dyads
dyer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaɪɚ/
ipa: /ˈdaɪə/
rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
homophone: dire
Forms: form: dyers
Etymology: From dye + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who dyes, especially one who dyes cloth etc. as an occupation.
Synonyms: word: dyester
word: litster
Derived terms: dyster
dexter
Related terms: dyer’s broom
dyer’s rocket
dyer’s weed
dynamo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/
Forms: form: dynamos
Etymology: A shortening of dynamo-electric machine. The element dynamo- is ultimately from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”).
Senses: examples: text: "As usual, it isn't telling the truth about it or you. But your body is. I can feel its vitality like the pulse of a dynamo."
ref: 1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 176:
topics: electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: An electricity generator; a dynamo-electric machine.
topics: astrophysics
glosses: The mechanism by which a celestial body, such as the Earth or a star, generates a magnetic field.
examples: text: That new Vice President of Marketing is a real dynamo; sales have already gone up this quarter.
glosses: An energetic person.
Derived terms: dynamo theory
dynamo torch
dynostarter
geodynamo
Related terms: dynamics
dynast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈdaɪnæst/
Forms: form: dynasts
Etymology: From Late Latin dynastēs, from Ancient Greek δυνάστης (dunástēs, “lord, ruler”), from δύναμαι (dúnamai, “to be powerful”).
Senses: examples: text: Now the dynasts who rule each country are cementing political ties.
ref: 2011 July 30, “Embraceable you”, in The Economist:
glosses: A ruler or governor, especially a hereditary ruler or someone who founded or is part of a dynasty.
Related terms: dynastic
dynasty
dyne
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dīn
ipa: /dʌɪn/
ipa: /daɪn/
rhymes: -aɪn
homophone: dine
Forms: form: dynes
Etymology: From the French dyne, from the Ancient Greek δῠ́νᾰμῐς (dŭ́nămĭs, “force”).
Senses: glosses: A unit of force in the CGS system; the force required to accelerate a mass of one gram by one centimetre per second per second. Symbol: dyn.
Derived terms: microdyne
millidyne
kilodyne
megadyne
aerodyne
earing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪəɹɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɪəɹɪŋ
Forms: form: earings
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
synonyms: head earing
glosses: A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the yard or gaff.
examples: text: You've forgot to pass the tack-earing, but wid time and help ye'll larn. There's good and just reason for ivry rope aboard, or else 'twould be overboard. D'ye follow me?
ref: 1897, Rudyard Kipling, Captains Courageous:
topics: nautical
transport
synonyms: reef earing
glosses: A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging or stanchions.
topics: business
manufacturing
glosses: A manufacturing defect in which the edges of sheet metal form a wave pattern during deep drawing.
examples: text: For these two yeeres hath the famine bene in the land: and yet there are fiue yeeres, in the which there shall neither be earing nor haruest.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 45:6:
text: Sixe dayes thou shalt worke, but on the seuenth day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in haruest thou shalt rest.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 34:21:
glosses: A ploughing of land.
examples: text: Gustave. (Gets up.) What? I believe you are wearing my earings yet!
ref: 1910, August Strindberg, translated by Francis Joseph Ziegler, The Creditor, page 96:
glosses: An earring.
earing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪəɹɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɪəɹɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of ear
Related terms: earring
eclat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: eclats
Etymology: From French éclat. More at éclat.
Senses: examples: text: There is an elegy of Propertius which paints better than any other writing of antiquity, this dignity of females among the Romans, more imposing, more pure than the eclat which they enjoyed during the age of chivalry.
ref: 1807, [Germaine] de Staël Holstein, translated by D[ennis] Lawler, “Book V. The Tombs, the Churches, and the Palaces. Chapter I.”, in Corinna; or, Italy. […], volume I, London: […] Corri, […]; and sold by Colburn, […], and Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 244:
glosses: Alternative spelling of éclat.
eddy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛd.i/
rhymes: -ɛdi
Forms: form: eddies
Etymology: From Middle English eddy, from Old English edēa, from ed- (“turning, back, reverse”) + ēa (“water”), equivalent to ed- + ea. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁é, and, consequently, cognate with Latin et. Related also to Danish ide (“eddy”), Swedish eda (“eddy”), Norwegian ida, ia, ea (“eddy”), Icelandic iða (“eddy”).
Senses: examples: text: In the bow old Dobbs fought the stream cunningly, twisting the nose into eddies and backwaters, taking advantage when he could of set of current, and when he could not, paddling doggedly, not so powerfully, perhaps, as his partner, but with equal steadiness.
ref: 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:
glosses: A current of air or water running back, or in an opposite direction to the main current.
examples: text: And smiling eddies dimpled on the main.
ref: 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):
text: Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play.
ref: 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 6:
text: It was as though the room were instantly flooded with water. After a moment’s hesitation first one couple, then another, leapt into mid-stream, and went round and round in the eddies.
ref: 1915, Virginia Woolf, The Voyage Out, London: Duckworth & Co., […], →OCLC:
glosses: A circular current; a whirlpool.
Derived terms: eddy current
eddy kinetic energy
eddyline
eddy root
Mediterranean eddy
Related terms: countercurrent
dust devil
stream pool
eddy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛd.i/
rhymes: -ɛdi
Forms: form: eddies
form: eddying
form: eddied
form: eddied
Etymology: From Middle English eddy, from Old English edēa, from ed- (“turning, back, reverse”) + ēa (“water”), equivalent to ed- + ea. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁é, and, consequently, cognate with Latin et. Related also to Danish ide (“eddy”), Swedish eda (“eddy”), Norwegian ida, ia, ea (“eddy”), Icelandic iða (“eddy”).
Senses: examples: text: Eddying round and round they sink.
ref: 1815, William Wordsworth, The Kitten and falling Leaves:
text: Neither in his voiceless cabin, fragrant with planks of new-cut pine, nor along the lake, nor in the sunset clouds which presently eddied behind the lavender-misted mountains, could Babbitt find the spirit of Paul as a reassuring presence.
ref: 1922, Sinclair Lewis, “Chapter 25”, in Babbitt:
text: It’s a uniquely American news story, one that eddies until it surges, and then, after it has mostly receded from view, surges again.
ref: 2023, Clayton Collins, quoted in: Clayton Collins, Jingnan Peng, Right to arms, right to peace? Our writer explored a balance., in: The Christian Science Monitor, December 1, 2023
glosses: To form an eddy; to move in, or as if in, an eddy; to move in a circle.
eddy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛd.i/
rhymes: -ɛdi
Forms: form: eddies
form: eddys
Etymology: Clipping of edible.
Senses: examples: text: I never really was into weed until recently. On my "Chrissy Chaos" podcast on Patreon, I do a segment every Friday called the "Chris and Eddy Show" 'cause I call edibles "eddys,' so I take an eddy and I do a show.
ref: 2022 April 30, Chris Distefano (quoted), Angela Barbuti, “NYC comic Chris Distefano laughs off woke culture in Netflix special”, in New York Post:
text: These eddies are made with both fruits and veggies, and weed of course, with cozy flavor profiles like honey lemon and apple pie.
ref: 2022 June 25, Amelia Williams, “America's yummiest THC gummies of summer 2022”, in Leafly:
text: If you do end up bringing a couple eddies with you, try removing them from any packaging and passing them off as regular candy. Think ahead of time what dosage of edibles you’d like to bring and how high you’re trying to get.
ref: 2022 August 26, Nadir Pearson, “The ultimate stoner’s guide to weed at festivals”, in Leafly:
glosses: A marijuana edible.
eft
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛft/
rhymes: -ɛft
Forms: form: efts
Etymology: From Middle English evete, from Old English efete, of unknown origin.
Senses: examples: text: Only these marishes and myrie bogs, / In which the fearefull ewftes do build their bowres, / Yeeld me an hostry mongst the croking frogs […].
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: How did he like it when the live creatures
Tickled and toused and browsed him all over,
And worm, slug, eft, with serious features
Came in, each one, for his right of trover?
ref: 1844, Robert Browning, "Garden Fancies," II. Sibrandus Schafnaburgennis
glosses: A newt, especially a smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris, syn. Triturus punctatus), of Europe.
eft
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛft/
rhymes: -ɛft
Etymology: From Middle English eft, from Old English eft, æft, from Proto-West Germanic *afti, from Proto-Germanic *aftiz. Cognate with Old Saxon eft, aft, eht (“again, afterwards”), Middle Low German echt (“again, afterward”). Compare English after, aft.
Senses: examples: text: And when they were all gone, / And the dim moon doth eft withhold the light,[…]
ref: 1557, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, The Fourth Book of Virgil:
glosses: Again; afterwards
Derived terms: eftsoons
egger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛɡə/
rhymes: -ɛɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: eggers
Etymology: From egg + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who gathers eggs.
Related terms: butter-and-egger
egger-on
ham-and-egger
pace-egger
egger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛɡə/
rhymes: -ɛɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: eggers
Etymology: Unknown
Senses: glosses: An eggar moth; any of various species of family Lasiocampidae, especially the oak eggar-moth, Lasiocampa quercus.
eider
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪdə/
ipa: /ˈaɪdɚ/
rhymes: -aɪdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: eiders
Etymology: From Icelandic æðar, genitive of æðr, probably reaching English via Swedish eider (now ejder), from a North Germanic root.
Senses: synonyms: eiderduck
glosses: Any of the species of Somateria spp. and Polysticta stelleri or of the seaduck subfamily Merginae, which line their nests with fine down (taken from their own bodies).
Derived terms: taxonomic: Somateria mollissima
word: common eider
word: eiderdown
taxonomic: Somateria mollissima
word: eider goose
taxonomic: Somateria spectabilis
word: king eider
taxonomic: Somateria fischeri
word: spectacled eider
taxonomic: Polysticta stelleri
word: Steller's eider
elan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: elans
Senses: glosses: Uncommon spelling of élan.
eland
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈiːlənd/
rhymes: -iːlənd
Forms: form: eland
form: elands
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans eland, from Dutch eland (“elk”), from Middle Dutch elant, from obsolete early modern German elend, from Middle High German elen, see German Elen for more. Doublet of elk.
Senses: examples: text: As a matter of fact, however, I had never seen an eland in a wild state before.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
text: You almost forget you're in Africa. But suddenly you remember when a big eland goes trudging off from beside the road.
ref: 1966, Bruce Brown, director, The Endless Summer:
glosses: A genus of large South African antelope (Taurotragus), valued both for its hide and flesh.
Synonyms: word: Oreas
word: Oreas canna
elate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈleɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: elates
form: elating
form: elated
form: elated
Etymology: From Middle English elat, elate, from Latin ēlātus (“exalted, lofty”), perfect passive participle of efferō (“bring forth or out; raise; exalt”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: That happy minute would elate me, / End all my sorrow, grief, and cares; / Then do not frown, altho' you hate me, / But smile and dissipate my fears: […]
ref: 1749, The Universal Magazine, volume 4, page 321:
synonyms: word: cheer up
word: hearten
word: beatify
word: begladden
word: blissen
word: bright
word: cheer
word: cheer up
word: content
word: delight
word: elate
word: enbliss
word: exhilarate
word: fain
word: gay
word: gladden
word: gladden someone's heart
word: gratify
word: happify
word: happy
word: hearten
word: jollify
word: laetificate
word: light up
word: make someone's day
word: perk up
word: please
word: raise someone's spirits
word: rejoice
word: turn the frown upside down
word: upcheer
word: warm someone's heart
word: warm the cockles of someone's heart
glosses: To make joyful or proud.
glosses: To lift up; raise; elevate.
Derived terms: elatement
elater
unelating
elate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈleɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Etymology: From Middle English elat, elate, from Latin ēlātus (“exalted, lofty”), perfect passive participle of efferō (“bring forth or out; raise; exalt”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: Oh thoughtless Mortals! ever blind to Fate,
 Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate.
ref: 1714, Alexander Pope, “The Rape of the Lock”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC, canto III:
text: Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress.
ref: 1895, Helen Hunt Jackson, The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, volume 28:
glosses: Elated; exultant.
examples: c. 1707, Elijah Fenton, a letter to the Knight of the Sable Shield
with upper lip elate
a. 1794, William Jones, an ode in imitation of Alcaeus
And sovereign law, that State's collected will, / O'er thrones and globes, elate, / Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill.
glosses: Lifted up; raised; elevated.
Related terms: elated
elation
efferent
elegy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛlɪd͡ʒi/
Forms: form: elegies
Etymology: From Middle French elegie, from Latin elegīa, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐλεγείᾱ (elegeíā), ellipsis of ἐλεγείᾱ ᾠδή (elegeíā ōidḗ, “an elegiac song”).
Senses: examples: text: funeral elegy
text: pastoral elegy
text: solemn elegy
text: He composed an elegy for his late friend.
glosses: A mournful or plaintive poem; a funeral song; a poem of lamentation.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A composition of mournful character.
glosses: A classical poem written in elegiac meter
Synonyms: dirge
Coordinate terms: english: prose
translation: prose
word: jeremiad
word: poem but with more emphasis on bitterness and impending doom
english: a piece of music played at a mass for the dead
translation: a piece of music played at a mass for the dead
word: requiem
Derived terms: elegiac
elegiast
elegiographer
elegist
elegize
elfin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛlfɪn/
rhymes: -ɛlfɪn
Forms: form: elfins
Etymology: From Middle English elven, from Old English elfen, ælfen (“nymph, spirit, fairy”), feminine of elf, ælf (“elf”), equivalent to elf + -in. Cognate with Middle High German elbinne (“a fairy, nymph”).
Senses: examples: text: It was quite an expedition that Ida met, a kind of elfin's rout it looked in the moonlight, children and animals and a fairy-like presence with a face like a moon-lily, all scampering and squealing and whoofing and miauling in a merry game they were making of their progress.
ref: 1961, Xavier Herbert, Soldiers' Women, Netley, SA: Fontana Books, published 1978, page 291:
glosses: An elf; an inhabitant of fairy-land.
glosses: A little urchin or child.
glosses: Any of the butterflies in the subgenus Incisalia of the North American lycaenid genus Callophrys.
elfin
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛlfɪn/
rhymes: -ɛlfɪn
Forms: form: more elfin
form: most elfin
Etymology: Partly from attributive use of Etymology 1, but reanalysed by Edmund Spenser as if equivalent to elf + -in. Compare elven (adjective), elvan.
Senses: examples: text: The Elf-bolt is associated with many rustic fancies not yet altogether eradicated from the popular mind. It occupied no unimportant part among the paraphernalia of Scottish witches of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; and the occurrence of any sudden disease amongst cattle was ascribed until a comparatively recent period, to their having been shot by the fairies with Elfin arrows.
ref: 1851, Daniel Wilson, The Archæology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox, page 125:
text: She was one of those elfin, rather precocious little girls, quick coloured, with dark hair, naturally curling dusky hair that was sometimes astray over her eyes, and eyes that were sometimes impishly dark, and sometimes a clear brown yellow.
ref: 1908, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Of Bladesover House, and My Mother; and the Constitution of Society”, in Tono-Bungay […], Toronto, Ont.: The Macmillan Company of Canada, Ltd., →OCLC, 1st book (The Days before Tono-Bungay was Invented), page 32:
text: Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with […] on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.
ref: 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter I (Anarchy), pages 377–378:
text: He’s forced to travel back to 1969 to prevent an evil alien (a shockingly effective, nearly unrecognizable Jemaine Clement of Flight Of The Conchords, playing sort of a psychotic extraterrestrial-biker serial killer) from destroying the world by killing Brolin. Smith is aided in his quest by an elfin, time-jumping alien with psychic powers played by another Coen brothers veteran, A Serious Man star Michael Stuhlbarg.
ref: 2012 May 24, Nathan Rabin, “Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club:
text: Nhung Ngo had nearly the shortest legs at Site-43. She was one of the shortest members of staff, though seven inches above beneath the positively elfin Delfina Ibanez, and yet Lillian found her inexplicably difficult to shake.
ref: 2022 September 22, HarryBlank, “Mind Over Matter”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 23 May 2024:
glosses: Relating to or resembling an elf or elves, especially in tiny size or features.
Synonyms: list in elven
Derived terms: elfinfolk
elfin myzomela
elfin saddle
elfin safety
elfinwood
elfin wood
Williams elfin facies syndrome
elide
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈlaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: elides
form: eliding
form: elided
form: elided
Etymology: From Latin ēlīdō (“I strike out”).
Senses: examples: text: Graham Hough's apparently objective assertion that 'Ozymandias' is 'extremely clear and direct', for example, elides the question of 'to whom?'.
ref: 1995, Andrew Bennett, Nicholas Royle, An introduction to literature, criticism and theory:
glosses: To leave out or omit (something).
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable.
examples: text: As Ms Shafak summarises, “the state is privileged, all-powerful and yet paradoxically safeguarded as if it were a fragile entity in need of protection.” Between it and its citizens a gulf looms; conversely, officials elide its interests with their own.
ref: 2014 July 10, “Because we’re worth it”, in The Economist:
glosses: To conflate; to smear together; to blur the distinction between.
Derived terms: elidible
unelided
Related terms: collide
elidable
elision
ellipsis
ell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛl/
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: ells
Etymology: From Middle English elle, elne, from Old English eln (“the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger; a unit of measure”), from Proto-West Germanic *alinu, from Proto-Germanic *alinō, from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l-én-eh₂, from *Heh₃l- (“elbow, forearm”).
Cognate with Dutch el (“ell”), German Low German Ell (“ell”), German Elle (“ell”), Swedish aln (“cubit; ell”), Icelandic alin (“cubit; ell”), Latin ulna (“forearm”).
Senses: examples: text: At certain times in the ice-mountains of Switzerland there happen cracks which have shewn the great thickness of the ice, as some of these cracks have measured three or four hundred ells deep.
ref: 1791, Erasmus Darwin, The Economy of Vegetation, J. Johnson, page 51:
text: A homely proverb recognises the existence of a troublesome class of persons who, having an inch conceded them, will take an ell.
ref: 1841, Charles Dickens, chapter XXX, in Barnaby Rudge:
text: Berkhyas is described as being a mountain in size, his face black, his body covered with hair, his neck like that of a dragon, two boar's tusks from his mouth, his eyes wells of blood, his hair bristling like needles, his height 140 ells, his breadth 17, pigeons nestling in his snaky locks.
ref: 1850, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, London: H.G. Bohn, page 19:
text: If he had imputed to them conditions it was all his own doing: it came from his inveterate habit of abysmal imputation, the snatching of the ell wherever the inch peeped out, without which where would have been the tolerability of life?
ref: 1910, Henry James, The Finer Grain:
glosses: A measure of length. An English ell was 1¼ yards (45 inches or 114 cm), a Scottish ell was about 37 inches (94 cm), a Flemish ell was ¾ yard (27 inches or 69 cm), while certain European ells were less than 50 cm.
Derived terms: elbow
ellwand
give them an inch and they'll take an ell
ell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛl/
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: ells
form: el
Etymology: From the name of the letter L.
Senses: examples: text: I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
ref: 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:
glosses: The name of the Latin-script letter L/l. (more commonly el)
examples: text: I could hear them snapping and tearing around, and then one managed to get on the roof by jumping from the low ell.
ref: 1931, H. P. Lovecraft, chapter 4, in The Whisperer in Darkness:
glosses: An extension usually at right angles to one end of a building.
glosses: Something that is L-shaped.
Derived terms: effell
eluate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: eluates
Etymology: From Latin ēluō + -ate (noun-forming suffix, of participial origin). On the other hand, elute has been borrowed directly from the perfect passive participle of ēluō, ēlūtus.
Senses: coordinate_terms: eluent
glosses: A liquid solution that results from elution.
Related terms: autolysate
condensate
diffusate
distillate
exudate
filtrand
filtrate
filtride
hemolysate
leachate
lysate
eluate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: eluates
form: eluating
form: eluated
form: eluated
Etymology: From Latin ēluō + -ate (verb-forming suffix, of participial origin), see etymology 1.
Senses: glosses: To subject or be subjected to elution.
Derived terms: electroeluate
embank
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈbæŋk/
rhymes: -æŋk
Forms: form: embanks
form: embanking
form: embanked
form: embanked
form: imbank
Etymology: From en- + bank.
Senses: glosses: to put up a bank so as to confine or to defend
glosses: to protect by a bank of earth or stone
Derived terms: embanker
embankment
emmer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛmə/
ipa: /ˈɛmɚ/
rhymes: -ɛmə(ɹ)
Forms: form: emmers
Etymology: First used in 1908; borrowed from German Emmer (compare the obsolescent related German synonym Amelkorn, whence English amelcorn).
Senses: examples: text: Emmer Wheat or Farro Emmer wheat, T. turgidum dicoccum, was probably the second wheat to be cultivated. It grew in warmer climates than einkorn, and became the most important cultivated form from the Near East through northern Africa and Europe until early Roman times, when it was superseded by durum and bread wheats. But pockets of emmer cultivation survived in parts of Europe, and emmer is now widely available under its Italian name, farro.
ref: 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 9, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:
synonyms: far
farro
hypernyms: hulled wheat
coordinate_terms: spelt
einkorn wheat
glosses: Any of species Triticum dicoccum, one of a group of hulled wheats that are important food grains.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Triticum dicoccoides
alt: a hybrid of Triticum urartu and a wild goatgrass, such as Aegilops searsii or Aegilops speltoides
word: wild emmer)
enol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: enols
Senses: examples: text: 1996, Ludvik Labler, August Rüttimann, Alfred Giger, Chapter 2: Coupling Reactions: Part I: Enol Ether and Aldol Condensations, George Britton, Synnove Liaaen-Jensen, Hanspeter Pfander (editors), Carotenoids, Volume 2: Synthesis, Springer (Birkhäuser), page 27,
Since research on the total synthesis of carotenoids began, the enol ether and the aldol condensations have been frequently used for the formation of carbon-carbon double bonds.
text: A solution to the use of the thermodynamic ketone enolate lies in the selective formation and reaction of silyl enol ethers.
ref: 2004, J. E. Carruthers, W. Carruthers, Iain Coldham, Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th edition, Cambridge University Press, page 29:
text: It is interesting to note that relative enol stability (pK_E) plays little or no role in the relative acidity of enols for example, as in the case of 45 and 45’²⁴³.
ref: 2009, Jason Eames, “8: Acid-base properties of enols and enolates”, in Jacob Zabicky, editor, The Chemistry of Metal Enolates, Part 1, Wiley, page 421:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which is doubly bonded to another carbon atom.
Synonyms: sense: compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which is doubly bonded to another carbon
word: alkenol
Derived terms: cis-enol
enolboration
enolic
enolized
epoprostenol
haloenol
phosphoenol
tetraenol
trans-enol
Related terms: enolase
enolate
enolization
enolize
aldol
keto
tautomerism
epoxy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ĭ-pŏkʹsē
ipa: /ɪˈpɒk.si/
enpr: ĭ-pŏkʹsē
ipa: /ɪˈpɑk.si/
rhymes: -ɒksi
Etymology: From epi- + -oxy.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Derived from an epoxide.
Derived terms: diepoxy
eplerenone
epoprostenol
epostane
epoxysilane
epoxy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ĭ-pŏkʹsē
ipa: /ɪˈpɒk.si/
enpr: ĭ-pŏkʹsē
ipa: /ɪˈpɑk.si/
rhymes: -ɒksi
Forms: form: epoxies
Etymology: From epi- + -oxy.
Senses: glosses: A thermosetting polyepoxide resin used chiefly in strong adhesives, coatings and laminates; epoxy resin.
epoxy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ĭ-pŏkʹsē
ipa: /ɪˈpɒk.si/
enpr: ĭ-pŏkʹsē
ipa: /ɪˈpɑk.si/
rhymes: -ɒksi
Forms: form: epoxies
form: epoxying
form: epoxied
form: epoxied
form: epoxyed
form: epoxyed
Etymology: From epi- + -oxy.
Senses: glosses: To glue with epoxy.
Derived terms: unepoxied
ere
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛə/
ipa: /ɛː/
ipa: /ɛɚ/
ipa: /eː/
note: without the cheer–chair merger
ipa: /eə/
note: New Zealand, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /iə/
ipa: /eɹ/
note: Lancashire, fair–fur merger
ipa: /ɜː(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
homophone: air
homophone: Ayr
homophone: eyre
homophone: heir
homophone: are (“unit of measurement”)
homophone: e'er (US)
homophone: ear (cheer–chair merger)
homophone: err (fair–fur merger)
Forms: form: yer
Etymology: From Middle English er, from Old English ǣr (adverb, conjunction, and preposition), from Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz, comparative of Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyeri (“day, morning”) (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭 (ayar, “day”), Gk. ἠέριος (ēérios, “at daybreak”), see also era, Albanian herët (“early in the morning, at daybreak”) ). The adverb erstwhile retains the Old English superlative ǣrest (“earliest”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eer (“before”), Dutch eer (“before, sooner than”), German ehe (“before”).
Senses: examples: text: Thys is he of whome I ſpake / he that cõmeth after me / was befoꝛe me be cauſe he was yer thẽ I.
ref: 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John j:[30], folio cxix, verso:
english: This is he of whom I spoke; he that comes after me was before me because he was earlier than I.
translation: This is he of whom I spoke; he that comes after me was before me because he was earlier than I.
bold_translation_offsets: 80
87
glosses: At an earlier time.