cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
neat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈniːt/
rhymes: -iːt
homophone: NEET
Forms: form: neats
form: neat
Etymology: From Middle English nete, neat, from Old English nēat (“animal, beast, ox, cow, cattle”), from Proto-West Germanic *naut, from Proto-Germanic *nautą (“foredeal, profit, property, livestock”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with Dutch noot (“cow, cattle”, in compounds), dialectal German Noß (“livestock”), Alemannic German Nooss (“young sheep or goat”), Swedish nöt (“cattle”), Icelandic naut (“cattle, bull”) and Faroese neyt (“cattle”). More at note.
Senses: examples: text: Who both by his calfe, & his lambe wil be known, / may well kill a neate and a shepe of his owne. / And he that wil reare up a pyg in his house, / hath cheaper his bacon, and sweter his souse.
ref: 1557 February 13 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Tusser, “Januarye”, in A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie, London: […] Richard Tottel, →OCLC; republished London: […] Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, →OCLC, stanza 54:
text: Thanks, i'faith; for silence is only commendable / In a neat's tongue dried.
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
text: […] he’s a present for any emperor that ever trod on neat’s leather.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
text: Sturdy he was, and no less able, / Then Hercules to clense a Stable; / As great: Drover, and as great / A Critick too, in Hog or Neat,
ref: 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 51:
text: […] I sat down by this water in the shade to dine, on a neat’s tongue I had got from good Mrs. Price […]
ref: 1756, Thomas Amory, chapter 28, in The Life of John Buncle, Esq., London: J. Noon, page 165:
text: Five were proper slender youths, the eldest of whom had not yet beard full grown, black-browed and great of jaw; the sixth, huge as a neat, topped them by half a head.
ref: 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 17:
glosses: A bull or cow.
neat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈniːt/
rhymes: -iːt
homophone: NEET
Etymology: From Middle English nete, neat, from Old English nēat (“animal, beast, ox, cow, cattle”), from Proto-West Germanic *naut, from Proto-Germanic *nautą (“foredeal, profit, property, livestock”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with Dutch noot (“cow, cattle”, in compounds), dialectal German Noß (“livestock”), Alemannic German Nooss (“young sheep or goat”), Swedish nöt (“cattle”), Icelandic naut (“cattle, bull”) and Faroese neyt (“cattle”). More at note.
Senses: examples: text: From thence into the open fields he fled, / Whereas the Heardes were keeping of their neat / And shepheards singing to their flockes, that fed,
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 467:
text: And yet the steer, the heifer, and the calf / Are all call’d neat.
ref: c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
text: There on a Hillock thou mayſt ſing / Unto a handſome Shepardling; / Or to a Girle (that keeps the Neat) / VVith breath more ſvveet then Violet.
ref: 1648, Robert Herrick, “To his Muse”, in Hesperides: Or, The Works both Humane & Divine […], London: […] John Williams, and Francis Eglesfield, and are to be sold by Tho[mas] Hunt, […], →OCLC, page 2:
synonyms: word: nolt
glosses: Cattle collectively.
Derived terms: neatbeast
neatherd
neathouse
neatfoot
neatsfoot
neatish
Related terms: geneat
neb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /nɛb/
rhymes: -ɛb
Forms: form: nebs
form: nib
Etymology: From Middle English neb, from Old English nebb (“beak, nose, face”), from Proto-Germanic *nabją (“beak, nose”). Cognate with Danish næb, Dutch neb, German Schnabel, Old Norse nef, Swedish näbb, Swedish regional näv.
Senses: related: word: nib
synonyms: bill
pecker
glosses: A bird's beak.
glosses: A person's mouth.
glosses: A person's nose.
glosses: The peak of a flat cap.
glosses: The nose or snout of an animal, now especially of a fish.
examples: text: In Acorns the nebb dilating splitteth the two sides, which sometimes lye whole, when the Oak is sproated two handfuls.
ref: 1658, Sir Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society, published 2007, page 183:
glosses: A projecting extremity; a point or sharp projection.
glosses: A nib, as of a pen.
Derived terms: word: nebby
word: nebbie
Related terms: nib
nipple
neb-neb
neb-nose
needs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /niːdz/
ipa: /nidz/
rhymes: -iːdz
Etymology: From need + -s.
Senses: glosses: plural of need
needs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /niːdz/
ipa: /nidz/
rhymes: -iːdz
Etymology: From need + -s.
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of need
nightfall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnaɪt.fɔl/
ipa: /ˈnaɪt.fɑl/
ipa: /niːt.fɑːl/
Forms: form: nightfalls
form: night-fall
Etymology: From night + fall. Cf. dewfall.
Senses: examples: text: at nightfall
synonyms: word: dusk
word: evening
word: sundown
word: sunset
word: cockshut
word: crepusculum
word: dark
word: dimmity
word: duckish
word: dusk
word: evenfall
word: mirkning
word: night
word: nightfall
word: sun
word: sundown
word: sunset
word: vespers
glosses: The close of the day; the coming of night.
glosses: Nocturnal emission.
Derived terms: night-falling
Related terms: darkfall
smokefall
noisy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɔɪzi/
ipa: /ˈnɔːɪzɪ/
rhymes: -ɔɪzi
Forms: form: noisier
form: noisiest
form: noisey
Etymology: From noise + -y.
Senses: examples: text: the noisy crowd.
text: For obvious reasons the percussion is normally arranged along the back of the platform, whether centrally or to one side, and sometimes also in two tiers, the heavy, noisier instruments behind, and the pitched, agile instruments such as vibraphone, marimba, etc. in front. An outstanding exception, however, exists in Roberto Gerhard's Epithalamion where the composer expressly desired that the all-important kitchen department be spread out in front of the strings and hence nearest the audience.
ref: 1981, Norman Del Mar, Anatomy of the Orchestra:
synonyms: clamorous
vociferous
turbulent
boisterous
glosses: Making a noise, especially a loud unpleasant sound
examples: text: a noisy bar
text: This market is the noisiest and swarmiest centre of noisy and swarming Florence, and I always like to pass through it on that account.
ref: 1871, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Passages from the French and Italian note-books:
glosses: Full of noise.
examples: text: noisy clothes
glosses: Unpleasant-looking and causing unwanted attention
examples: text: Looked at more carefully, and over a longer time period, the relationship between the economy and the incumbent’s performance is positive, but noisy. “The incumbent wins when the economy is good” is a useful, weak prior, but not an iron law, and one that historically has had many exceptions.
ref: 2024 March 28, Nate Silver, “How culture trumps economic class as the new political fault line”, in Silver Bulletin:
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technical
glosses: Accompanied by or introducing random fluctuations that obscure the real signal or data
Synonyms: word: blaring
word: blasting
word: booming
word: cacophonous
word: clangorous
word: clamorous
word: clattering
word: deafening
word: dinsome
word: earsplitting
word: loud
word: noisy
word: obstreperous
word: piercing
word: rackety
word: raucous
word: resounding
word: roisterous
word: rowdy
word: strepitous
word: strident
word: thundering
word: tumultuous
word: uproarious
word: vociferous
Hypernyms: word: boisterous
word: turbulent
Hyponyms: word: talkative
Derived terms: noisily
noisiness
noisy miner
noisy pitta
noisy scrubbird
shallow brooks are noisy
unnoisy
nominee
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/
rhymes: -iː
Forms: form: nominees
Etymology: From nomin(ate) + -ee.
Senses: glosses: A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.
examples: text: The Supreme Court confiscated half of Thaksin Shinawatra's fortune after finding that, while being Prime Minister, he held shares in commercial companies through nominees.
glosses: A person or organisation in whose name a security is registered though true ownership is held by another party, called nominator, especially for the purpose of concealing the identity of the nominator.
glosses: A person to whom the holder of a copyhold estate surrenders their interest.
Synonyms: nominatee
Derived terms: conominee
nominee interest
nomineeism
nominee purchase
nonchalance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɒnʃələns/
ipa: /ˌnɑːnʃəˈlɑːns/
Forms: form: nonchalances
Etymology: Borrowed from French nonchalance.
Senses: synonyms: word: acedia
word: accedie
word: apathy
word: boredom
word: carefreeness
word: carelessness
word: coolness
word: disinterest
word: disregard
word: doldrums
word: ennui
word: heedlessness
word: indifference
word: insouciance
word: languor
word: lassitude
word: lethargy
word: listlessness
word: malaise
word: melancholia
word: melancholy
word: unconcern
word: unease
word: weltschmerz
glosses: Indifference, unconcern; carelessness; coolness; disregard, detachment.
Related terms: nonchalant
nonsensical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more nonsensical
form: most nonsensical
form: nonsensic
form: non-sensical
Etymology: From nonsense + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: Well, her very foolish grandmother has mixed herself up in some nonsensical correspondence with the court of St. Germains; or, rather, has let herself be made a tool by Mr. Trevanion, who, I am happy to say, is not Ethel's husband; they arrested him just in time.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Prudence in Politics”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 179:
text: President Donald Trump’s presidential memorandum ordering an investigation of Joe Biden’s cognitive decline and his use of the autopen […] is also nonsensical fan service, amplifying addled MAGA conspiracy theories that contend, with a straight face, that Biden was really a robotic clone.
ref: 2025 June 7, Paul Rosenzweig, “The Biden Investigation Is a Path to Even Greater Lawlessness”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 07 Jun 2025:
text: Conspiracy theories have become so mainstream that they are even prompting nonsensical legislation. Earlier this month, Louisiana lawmakers sent a bill to the state’s governor seeking to ban “chemtrails” – which don’t actually exist.
ref: 2025 June 17, Arwa Mahdawi, “What SJP’s selfie trick tells us about the terrifying rise of conspiracy theories”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
synonyms: meaningless
unmeaning
absurd
foolish
irrational
preposterous
antonyms: comprehensible
commonsensical
logical
rational
sensible
sensical
glosses: Without sense; absurd.
Derived terms: nonsensicality
nonsensically
nonsensicalness
seminonsensical
unnonsensical
Related terms: nonsense
nonsensible
senseless
sensical
notebook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnəʊtˌbʊk/
ipa: /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/
Forms: form: notebooks
form: note book
Etymology: From note + book.
Senses: examples: text: For Caſſius is a-weary of the World: / Hated by one he loues, brau'd by his Brother, / Check'd like a bondman, all his faults obſeru'd, / Set in a Note-booke, learn'd, and con'd by roate / To caſt into my Teeth.
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], page 125, column 1:
text: With an unquenchable enthusiasm for locomotives and their work, at an early age I had commenced to keep engine and traffic-recording notebooks, compiled in a schoolboy's round hand.
ref: 1946 March and April, R. A. H. Weight, “Euston to the North-West”, in Railway Magazine, page 69:
synonyms: notepad
by-book
rough book
writing pad
glosses: A book in which notes or memoranda are written.
examples: text: We have found the use of Jupyter notebooks to be a convenient way of sharing work and code in a compact and reproducible manner. Jupyter notebooks are easy to update and adapt over time compared to a static CD-ROM.
ref: 2016, David Ming, David Glasser, Diane Hildebrandt, Attainable Region Theory, page 317:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A kind of user interface in literate programming, allowing calculations to be interspersed with human-readable comments, diagrams, etc.
examples: text: Over time, the difference in size between laptops and notebooks became a matter of no more than an inch or two in length and width, and a fraction of an inch in thickness.
ref: 2006, Corey Sandler, Upgrading and Fixing Laptops For Dummies, page 8:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Ellipsis of notebook computer (“laptop computer”).
Derived terms: composition notebook
desknote
MacBook
notebinder
notebooker
notebookful
notebookish
notebookless
notebooklike
subnotebook
nourish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: note: Received Pronunciation, New York City, other accents without the "Hurry-furry" merger
ipa: /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/
ipa: /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/
ipa: /ˈnɝ.ɪʃ/
note: hypercorrection
ipa: /ˈnʊɹ.ɪʃ/
rhymes: -ʌɹɪʃ
rhymes: (hypercorrection) -ʊɹɪʃ
Forms: form: nourishes
Etymology: From Middle English norischen, from Old French nouriss-, stem of one of the conjugated forms of norrir, from Latin nutriō (“to suckle, feed, foster, nourish, cherish, preserve, support”).
Senses: glosses: A nurse.
novelette
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /nɒvəˈlɛt/
ipa: /nɒvl̩ˈɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: novelettes
Etymology: From novel + -ette.
Senses: topics: literature
media
publishing
synonyms: novella
coordinate_terms: short story
novella
novel
glosses: A short novel, synonymous with novella.
examples: text: Best novella was Nnedi Okorafor’s African-flavoured space opera Binti (Tor), while best novelette was Folding Beijing by Hao Jingfang, translated by Ken Liu.
ref: 2016 November 30, Adam Roberts, “The best SF and fantasy books of 2016”, in The Guardian:
text: Nebula Awards® will be made in the following categories […] Novelette: at least 7,500 words but less than 17,500 words[…]
ref: 2023 December 1, Nebula Awards, “Nebula Rules”, in Nebula Awards website:
topics: literature
media
publishing
coordinate_terms: short story
novella
novel
glosses: A story longer than a short story, but shorter than a novella.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A short piece of lyrical music, especially one for the piano.
Derived terms: novelettish
novelettist
noveletty
nullification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌnʌlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: nullifications
Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin nullificatio, from nullifico, equivalent to null + -ification.
Senses: examples: text: Mason and I had an entirely civil debate about the merits of nullification versus an official "apology" for what had been done to Oppenheimer. I argued that an apology was not sufficient and that nullification was required precisely to restore the integrity of the security-review system.
ref: 2023 July 7, Kai Bird, “Oppenheimer, Nullified and Vindicated”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 20 Aug 2023:
glosses: The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or no legal effect.
examples: text: He infused the threat with credibility, and the nullification movement fizzled, though Jackson also helped craft a compromise reduction in tariff rates to somewhat mollify South Carolinians.
ref: 2016 October 19, Robert W. Merry, “America's History of Protectionism”, in The National Interest, Washington, D.C.: Center for the National Interest, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Jul 2025:
glosses: The nullification crisis in U.S. history, confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832–33 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832.
examples: text: Surgeons talk about procedures that result in bodies that don't exist in nature: those with both sets of genitals – the "phallus-preserving vaginoplasty"; double mastectomies that don't have nipples; "nullification" surgery, where there are no genitals at all, just smooth skin.
ref: 2024 March 9, Hannah Barnes, “Why disturbing leaks from US gender group WPATH ring alarm bells in the NHS”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 Apr 2024:
glosses: Surgical removal of genitals (and sometimes nipples) as a form of body modification.
Derived terms: jury nullification
nullificationist
Related terms: english: person who has undergone nullification
translation: person who has undergone nullification
word: nullo
nurture
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃə(ɹ)
Forms: form: nurtures
form: nouriture
form: nutriture
Etymology: From Middle English norture, noriture, from Old French norriture, norreture, from Late Latin nutritura (“nourishment”), from Latin nutrire (“to nourish”).
Senses: synonyms: upbringing
raising
education
training
glosses: The act of nourishing or nursing; tender care
examples: text: Other great houses there bee of the English in Ireland, which thorough licentious conversing with the Irish, or marrying, or fostering with them, or lacke of meete nurture, or other such unhappy occasions, have degendred from their auncient dignities, and are now growne as Irish, as O-hanlans breech, as the proverbe there is.
ref: 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC, page 110:
glosses: That which nourishes; food; diet.
examples: text: A Deuill, a borne-Deuill, on whoſe nature / Nurture can neuer ſticke :
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 15:
text: […]a man neither by nature nor by nurture wiſe.
ref: 1649, J[ohn] Milton, “Upon His Retirement from ’’Westminster’’”, in ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC, page 59:
glosses: The environmental influences that contribute to a person’s development (as opposed to "nature").
examples: text: The problem is aggravated by the fact that much of the gay sub-culture is not conducive to the nurture of the radical ego integrity of which Erikson speaks.
ref: 1976 February 7, Philip Gambone, “Coming Out: The Gay Identity Process”, in Gay Community News, volume 3, number 32, page 4:
glosses: The act or process of encouraging the growth or development of something.
Derived terms: nature vs nurture
nurtural
nurturant
nurtureless
nurturement
nurtureship
nurturist
nurture
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃə(ɹ)
Forms: form: nurtures
form: nurturing
form: nurtured
form: nurtured
form: nouriture
form: nutriture
Etymology: From Middle English norture, noriture, from Old French norriture, norreture, from Late Latin nutritura (“nourishment”), from Latin nutrire (“to nourish”).
Senses: examples: text: Look where he would, some heap of ruins afforded him rich promise of a working off; the whole town appeared to have been ploughed, and sown, and nurtured by most genial weather; and a goodly harvest was at hand.
ref: 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 70.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 344:
glosses: To nourish or nurse.
examples: 2009, UNESCO, The United Nations World Water Development Report – N° 3 - 2009 – Freshwater and International Law (the Interplay between Universal, Regional and Basin Perspectives), page 10, →ISBN
The relationships between universal norms and specific norms nurture the development of international law.
glosses: To encourage, especially the growth or development of something.
Synonyms: word: encourage
word: foster
word: feed
word: grow
word: nurture
word: promote
word: raise
Derived terms: misnurture
nurturable
nurturer
unnurtured
Related terms: nourish
nourishment
nurse
nursery
nurturance
nutrient
nutriment
nutrition
nutritional
nutritious
nutritive
official
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈfɪʃəl/
rhymes: -ɪʃəl
Forms: form: more official
form: most official
Etymology: From Middle English official, from Old French official, from Latin officiālis, from Latin officium (“duty, service”), by surface analysis, office + -ial.
Senses: examples: text: official duties
glosses: Of or about an office or public trust.
examples: text: an official statement or report
glosses: Derived from the proper office or officer, or the appropriate authority; made or communicated by authority
examples: text: The Official Strategy Guide
glosses: Approved by authority; authorized.
examples: text: Despite these testimonies, "accidental asphyxiation" remains his official cause of death.
glosses: Approved by authority; authorized.
Dubious but recognized by authorities as the truth or canon.
qualifier: Of a statement
examples: text: an official drug or preparation
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: Sanctioned by the pharmacopoeia; appointed to be used in medicine; officinal.
examples: text: the stomach and other parts official unto nutrition
ref: 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Discharging an office or function.
glosses: Relating to an office, especially a subordinate executive officer or attendant.
glosses: Relating to an ecclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, etc., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction.
examples: text: Well, it's official: you lost your mind!
glosses: True, real, beyond doubt.
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: Listed in a national pharmacopeia.
Synonyms: word: approved
word: recognized
word: sanctioned
word: decreed
Derived terms: antiofficial
co-official
counterofficial
ex-official
extraofficial
Facebook official
inofficial
nonofficial
non-official
official at-bat
officialate
official cover
official gazette
Official IRA
officialise
-ize
-isation
-ization
officialism
officialist
officiality
official language
officially
official mark
officialness
official passport
official scorer
preofficial
semi-official
subofficial
Related terms: word: office
word: officer
word: officiate
word: ruler
offshoot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔf.ʃuːt/
ipa: /ˈɒf.ʃuːt/
Forms: form: offshoots
Etymology: From off- + shoot.
Senses: examples: text: the offshoots of a tree
glosses: Something which shoots off or separates from a main stem or branch of a plant.
examples: text: an offshoot of a criminal organization
text: The reason is that the Berks & Hants Railway Company, under the powers of which the line was built, also included the Reading-Basingstoke section. The company was an offshoot of the G.W.R., which absorbed it before any section was opened.
ref: 1945 September and October, “Notes and News: The "Berks & Hants" Line”, in Railway Magazine, page 299:
glosses: Something which develops from something else.
Synonyms: spin-off
spinoff
onslaught
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒn.slɔːt/
ipa: /ˈɑn.slɔt/
ipa: /ˈɑn.slɑt/
Forms: form: onslaughts
form: anslaight
Etymology: From on- + slaught. Formed after Middle Dutch aenslag, aenslach, equivalent to aen + slag, although slaught corresponds to Middle Dutch slacht; slag is cognate with the English weaving term sley. Compare Dutch aanslag and German Anschlag.
Senses: synonyms: onrush
glosses: A fierce attack.
examples: text: They opened the doors and prepared for the onslaught of holiday shoppers.
text: The inevitable Baggies onslaught followed as substitute Simon Cox saw his strike excellently parried by keeper Bunn, with Cox heading the rebound down into the ground and agonisingly over the bar.
ref: 2010 December 28, Kevin Darling, “West Brom 1 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC:
glosses: A large number of people or things resembling an attack.
Derived terms: onslaughter
Related terms: slew
operant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more operant
form: most operant
Etymology: From Middle English operant, from Latin operāns.
Senses: examples: text: thy most operant poison
text: I tell you frankly, if Paul Aubry is guilty I hope is convicted and punished; but if one of the others is guilty I hope he—or she—is punished, and if I knew anything operant to that end I certainly would not withhold it.
ref: 1955, Rex Stout, "When a Man Murders...", in Three Witnesses, October 1994 Bantam edition, page 117
glosses: That operates to produce an effect.
Synonyms: operative
Derived terms: inoperant
operancy
operant conditioning
operantly
operant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: operants
Etymology: From Middle English operant, from Latin operāns.
Senses: glosses: An operative person or thing.
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: Any of a class of behaviors that produce consequences by operating (i.e., acting) upon the environment.
Related terms: Skinner box
ophidian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊˈfɪdi.ən/
rhymes: -ɪdiən
Forms: form: ophidians
Etymology: From Latin ophidia (from Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis, “snake”)) + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: Vertebral structure is critical for the identification of fossil snakes, because vertebrae are among the most easily fossilized parts of ophidians.
ref: 1997, Olivier Rieppel, “chapter 2: The Lepidosauromorpha: an overview with special emphasis on the Squamata”, in Nicholas C. Fraser, Hans-Dieter Sues, editors, In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, page 31:
text: It has long been known that ophidians have lost not only their front legs but also every embryonic trace of these limbs and their associated shoulder girdle (to such a degree that we cannot determine how many cervical vertebrae they have).
ref: 2011, Didier Marchand, “Chapter 11: The Logic of Forms in the Light of Developmental Biology and Palaeontology”, in Paul Bourgine, editor, Morphogenesis, page 205:
text: Siamese or double monsters are well known in saurians, chelonians, and ophidians, as are bicephalic, two-tailed and conjoined bodies (thoracodymus, ischiodymus, etc.).
ref: 2012, Bruce M. Rothschild, Hans-Peter Schultze, Rodrigo Pellegrini, Herpetological Osteopathology: Annotated Bibliography of Amphibians and Reptiles, page 226:
glosses: Any species of the suborder Serpentes; a snake or serpent.
Derived terms: antiophidian
ophidian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊˈfɪdi.ən/
rhymes: -ɪdiən
Forms: form: more ophidian
form: most ophidian
Etymology: From Latin ophidia (from Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis, “snake”)) + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: The ophidian beast began to glow eerily, and Aaron could discern a fine webwork of veins and capillaries running throughout the creature's body.
ref: 2009, Thomas E. Sniegoski, The Fallen, Simon Pulse, published 2003, →ISBN, page 115:
text: A less obvious asset of snakes is their very light and supple jaws, which arose in the course of ophidian evolution to permit the ingestion of extraordinarily large meals (at maximum, more than 100% of their body mass).
ref: 2009, Rosemary G. Gillespie, D. A. Clague, editors, Encyclopedia of Islands, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 843:
text: Another ophidian deity recognizable in Classic reliefs is the Feathered Serpent, known to the Maya as Kukulcán (and to the Toltecs and Aztecs as Quetzalcóatl).
ref: 2011, Kathleen Kuiper, editor, Pre-Columbian America: Empires of the New World, Britannica Educational Publishing, →ISBN, page 62:
glosses: Of or pertaining to the suborder Serpentes; of, related to, or characteristic of a snake or serpent.
Synonyms: anguine
originate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/
Forms: form: originates
form: originating
form: originated
form: originated
Etymology: From Medieval Latin orīginātus, perfect passive participle of orīginō (“to begin, give rise to”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more), from orīgō (orīgin- in compounds) + -ō. Compare Italian originare and Spanish originar.
Senses: examples: text: At Putney Bridge the train description transmissions for eastbound trains must be originated as there is no manned signal cabin on the London Transport system beyond this point; [...].
ref: 1960 December, “More L.T. progress with programme machines”, in Trains Illustrated, page 758:
text: For the first time since Douglas Fairbanks Sr. originated the role in the 1920 silent "The Mark of Zorro," the hero will be played by a Hispanic actor.
ref: 1998 July 12, James Hebert, “Banderas puts his mark on 'Zorro'”, in San Diego Union-Tribune:
text: The financial backers who originated the Encyclopédie project in 1745 had no idea about what they were getting into.
ref: 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 171:
text: Some of the most beautiful and thus appealing physical theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, have been dogged for decades by infinities that erupt when theorists try to prod their calculations into new domains. Getting rid of these nagging infinities has probably occupied far more effort than was spent in originating the theories.
ref: 2012 January 24, Michael Riordan, “Tackling Infinity”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 30 Apr 2013, page 86:
glosses: To cause (someone or something) to be; to bring (someone or something) into existence; to produce or initiate a person or thing.
examples: text: The scheme originated with the governor and council.
text: The idea of fitting a crane to an engine for shunting duties, primarily in works yards, appears to have originated with the North London Railway engine in 1872.
ref: 1951 October, H. C. Casserley, “Crane Engines”, in Railway Magazine, page 660:
glosses: To come into existence; to have origin or beginning; to spring, be derived (from, with).
Synonyms: sense: to bring into existence
word: begin
word: initiate
word: begin
sense: to come into existence
word: spring to life
word: take shape
word: come into being
sense: to make or fabricate
word: coin
Derived terms: nonoriginating
originating summons
self-originated
unoriginate
unoriginated
Related terms: origin
original
origination
originator
originate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/
Etymology: From Medieval Latin orīginātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more. By surface analysis, origin + -ate.
Senses: examples: text: My Testimony to and Abhorrence of every Invasion..against Christs Royal prerogative,..Originate upon and derivate from that which they call the Supremacy
ref: 1679, John Kid, The last speeches of the two ministers Mr. John King, and Mr. John Kid, [brace] at the place of execution at Edenburgh on the 14th day of August, 1679, page 23:
glosses: Founded on, having its origin in (something).
raw_tags: with 'upon'
outmanoeuvre
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: outmanoeuvres
form: outmanoeuvring
form: outmanoeuvred
form: outmanoeuvred
form: outmaneuver
form: outmanoeuver
form: outmanœuvre
form: outmanœuver
Etymology: From out- + manoeuvre.
Senses: glosses: To perform manoeuvres or movements more successfully or better than; to surpass or get the advantage of in manoeuvring; to outgeneral.
outplay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊtˈpleɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: outplays
form: outplaying
form: outplayed
form: outplayed
Etymology: From out- + play.
Senses: examples: text: We were outplayed at tennis, but we outplayed them at football.
text: When Littlefinger really starts to bare his teeth, talking about a game he plays where he assumes the worst of people’s intentions, I started to hope the producers had outplayed us one last time, and that he was aware they were trying to play him.
ref: 2017 August 27, Brandon Nowalk, “Game Of Thrones slows down for the longest, and best, episode of the season (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: To excel or defeat in a game; to play better than.
outpray
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -eɪ
Forms: form: outprays
form: outpraying
form: outprayed
form: outprayed
Etymology: From out- + pray.
Senses: glosses: To exceed or surpass in prayer.
outstay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: outstays
form: outstaying
form: outstayed
form: outstayed
Etymology: From out- + stay.
Senses: examples: text: Podson stayed till after five, though he handsomely apologized for outstaying a call. "The fact is, I never think of the time, when I get talking to a really intelligent woman..."
ref: 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 149:
glosses: To stay beyond or longer than.
Derived terms: outstayer
outstay one's welcome
outspoken
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more outspoken
form: most outspoken
Etymology: From outspeak, equivalent to out- + spoken.
Senses: examples: text: an outspoken man
text: an outspoken rebuke
text: Critics were vehemently outspoken; but while they fretted about looks, they missed the cleverer points in the design itself.
ref: 1954 November, Frank Hewitt, “The First Decade of British 4-6-0 Locomotives—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 752:
text: Transmission: An Alliance officer named Major Kyle has set up a small compound in the Hawking Eta cluster. He's attracted a number of followers. Mostly biotics.
Transmission: He's become an outspoken critic of the Alliance, and we believe he's mentally unstable. This could be trouble, Shepard.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-1:
text: Safdar constantly chews a betel nut derivative, which has a stimulant effect – a common habit among drivers in Pakistan. He is outspoken and talks a million miles a minute, his rapid hand movements expressing a range of emotions.
ref: 2017 April 6, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, in the Guardian:
text: The late Professor Pat White was an outspoken critic. In his 1986 book Forgotten Railways, he dismissed as smoke and mirrors the oft-used argument that 33% of rail routes carried only 1% of the traffic, as it ignores the fact that a third of the national road network also only carried 2% of cars and lorries. But unlike rail, road got away with it because no mention was made of how much it cost the taxpayer to keep them usable.
ref: 2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 53:
glosses: Speaking, or spoken, freely, openly, or boldly; vocal; frank.
Derived terms: outspokenly
outspokenness
unoutspoken
outspoken
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From outspeak, equivalent to out- + spoken.
Senses: glosses: past participle of outspeak.
outwards
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaʊtwɚdz/
ipa: /ˈaʊtwədz/
ipa: /ˈæotwɘdz/
Forms: form: more outwards
form: most outwards
Etymology: From Middle English outwardes, from Old English ūtweardes; equivalent to outward + -s or out + -wards. Cognate with German auswärts.
Senses: examples: text: Light falling on them is not reflected outwards.
ref: 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:
glosses: From the interior toward the exterior; in an outward direction.
examples: text: Wo be to you scrybes, and pharises ypocrites, for ye are lyke unto paynted tombes which appere beautyfull outwardes: but are within full off deed mens bones and of all fylthynes.
ref: 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:
glosses: Outwardly; (merely) on the surface.
Synonyms: outward
outweigh
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: outweighs
form: outweighing
form: outweighed
form: outweighed
Etymology: From out- + weigh.
Senses: examples: text: The King your brother is now hard at hand,
Meete with the foole, and rid your royall ſhoulders
Of ſuch a burden, as outweighs the ſands
And all the craggie rockes of Caſpea.
ref: c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:
glosses: To exceed in weight or mass.
examples: text: The advantage […] was so great that it would have taken a lot of failures to outweigh it.
ref: 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
text: The trials have revealed that the advantage of extra seating capacity is more than outweighed by slower station working, as the double-deck train affords one door for 22 seats, compared with 10 or 12 in ordinary compartment stock.
ref: 1951 January, “Notes and News: Double-Deck Train Trials Results”, in Railway Magazine, page 66:
text: A few trains, mostly at peak periods, will still terminate at Barnsley because the convenience to workpeople of their current times outweighs the advantages of through working.
ref: 1960 April, “Talking of trains: The new link at Barnsley”, in Trains Illustrated, page 197:
text: Flores said the images’ negative impact outweighs their historical and artistic value.
ref: 2019 May 20, Walter Thompson, “A school's mural removal: should kids be shielded from brutal US history?”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To exceed in importance or value.
Related terms: outnumber
overlook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈəʊ.vəˌlʊk/
ipa: /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/
ipa: /ˈo.vəɹ.lʉk/
Forms: form: overlooks
Etymology: From Middle English overloken; equivalent to over- + look.
Senses: examples: text: Normally a visitor does not participate in one activity to the exclusion of others. One main activity, such as swimming, will be supplemented by other activities and use of other facilities, such as picnicking, hiking, stopping at an overlook, and so forth.
ref: 1980, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (N.R.A.), General Management Plan:
glosses: A vista or point that gives a view down toward something else.
overpaint
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -eɪnt
Forms: form: overpaints
form: overpainting
form: overpainted
form: overpainted
Etymology: From over- + paint.
Senses: examples: text: OK, you've painted me a picture well enough; you don't need to overpaint it.
glosses: To color or describe too strongly.
glosses: To apply the final layers of paint over underpainting.
examples: text: This antique chair's inlays have been overpainted, but we can restore its finish.
hypernyms: overcoat#Verb
coordinate_terms: overdye#Verb
glosses: To paint over (something).
examples: text: This antique chair has been overpainted to the point that you can't discern the carved details.
coordinate_terms: overdye#Verb
glosses: To paint too much: with too thick a coating of paint.
topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To erase by drawing graphics over the top.
Coordinate terms: whitewash
mask
Related terms: paintover
topcoat
undercoat
overstay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: overstays
form: overstaying
form: overstayed
form: overstayed
Etymology: From over- + stay.
Senses: glosses: To remain present after the agreed or appropriate departure time.
examples: text: He overstayed his welcome.
text: "[H]e had overstayed his three-score and ten years by something like twenty years. He must have been ninety, if he was a day!"
ref: 1911, Bram Stoker, chapter 16, in The Lair of the White Worm, London: William Rider and Son, […], →OCLC, page 152:
text: Thailand’s Constitutional Court ruled Wednesday that Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha must suspend his active duties while the court decides whether he has overstayed his legal term in office.
ref: 2022 August 24, Tassanee Vejpongsa, Grant Peck, “Thai court suspends PM Prayuth pending ruling on term limit”, in The Washington Post, retrieved 24 Aug 2022:
glosses: To remain present beyond the limits of.
Derived terms: overstayal
overstayer
overstay one's welcome
overstay
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: overstays
Etymology: From over- + stay.
Senses: examples: text: For example, if USCIS approves a change of status or extension of stay for a nonimmigrant, the alien may be authorized to remain in the country beyond his or her original period of admission without qualifying as an overstay.
ref: 2011, Richard M. Stana, Overstay Enforcement:
glosses: The act of staying too long.
oyster
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔɪstə/
ipa: /ˈɔɪstəɹ/
ipa: /ˈɔɪst͡ʃəɹ/
rhymes: -ɔɪstə(ɹ)
Forms: form: more oyster
form: most oyster
form: erster
form: oister
form: oystre
Etymology: From Middle English oystre, from Old English ostre, reinforced or superseded by Anglo-Norman oistre, which is from Old French oistre, uistre (compare modern French huître); both lines (Old English and Old French) from Latin ostrea, from Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon). Doublet of ostro (“a purple dye”).
Senses: glosses: Of a pale beige colour tinted with grey or pink, like that of an oyster.
oyster
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔɪstə/
ipa: /ˈɔɪstəɹ/
ipa: /ˈɔɪst͡ʃəɹ/
rhymes: -ɔɪstə(ɹ)
Forms: form: oysters
form: oystering
form: oystered
form: oystered
form: erster
form: oister
form: oystre
Etymology: From Middle English oystre, from Old English ostre, reinforced or superseded by Anglo-Norman oistre, which is from Old French oistre, uistre (compare modern French huître); both lines (Old English and Old French) from Latin ostrea, from Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon). Doublet of ostro (“a purple dye”).
Senses: examples: text: Most Fishneck watermen oystered in winter, using the same small skiffs from which they potted crabs in summer. Sometimes two men oystered from the same boat or took along a son or younger brother to cull oysters (separate those of legal size from undersized ones and shell).
ref: 1986, Carolyn Ellis, Fisher Folk: Two Communities on Chesapeake Bay, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, page 77:
glosses: To fish for oysters.
Related terms: astragalus
bluepoint
carpetbag steak
clam
lungwort
mussel
Ostreidae
salsify
spat
packer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpækɚ/
ipa: /ˈpækə/
rhymes: -ækə(ɹ)
Forms: form: packers
Etymology: From Middle English pakker, pakkere, packare, equivalent to pack + -er.
Senses: examples: text: He works as a pork packer.
text: a household goods packer
text: When his back problems kept him from lifting furniture, his skill as a packer kept him employed.
glosses: A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation
glosses: A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation
Clipping of meatpacker.
examples: text: Many times, the malware authors will use packers and even encryption tools to disguise their software […]
ref: 2009, Harlan Carvey, Windows Forensic Analysis DVD Toolkit:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A software program that compresses code or data.
glosses: A ring of packing or a special device to render gastight and watertight the space between the tubing and bore of an oil well.
glosses: An artificial penis or similar object worn by a drag king, trans man, etc., inside the trousers.
glosses: An object inserted to hold a space open for the purpose of alignment; a spacer or shim.
glosses: A kind of trunk for luggage.
glosses: A packhorse.
glosses: A dustpan.
Derived terms: copacker
cultipacker
fudge packer
meatpacker
pamper packer
pick packer
shit packer
star packer
woolpacker
pallor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpælɚ/
ipa: /ˈpælə/
rhymes: -ælə(ɹ)
Forms: form: pallors
form: pallour
Etymology: From Middle English pallour, from Old French palor (“paleness, pallor”), from Latin pallor, from palleō (“to look pale, blanch”).
Senses: examples: text: pallor of the complexion
text: ‘Sir,’ said the butler, turning to a sort of mottled pallor, ‘that thing was not my master, and there’s the truth. My master’—here he looked round him and began to whisper—‘is a tall fine build of a man, and this was more of a dwarf.’
ref: 1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Last Night”, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 76:
text: For the rest, his ears were pale, and at the tops extremely pointed; the chin was broad and strong, and the cheeks firm though thin. The general effect was one of extraordinary pallor.
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, “Jonathan Harker’s Journal—continued”, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC, chapter II, page 20:
text: Over those seamed cheeks there was a certain pallor, a grayness caught from many a vigil
ref: 1900 April, Willa Sibert Cather, “Eric Hermannson’s Soul”, in The Cosmopolitan, volume XXVIII, number 6, New York, N.Y.: John Brisben Walker, →OCLC, page 633:
text: Catch-22 is defined by the sickly pallor of its visual palette (a jaundiced tint that at least goes with Yossarian’s point of view and phony liver pains) and the way it makes the slog of its characters’ deployment a little too literal.
ref: 2019 May 16, Erik Adams, “A potent satire has its wings clipped in Catch-22”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 01 Sep 2019:
synonyms: pallidity
wanness
glosses: Unnatural paleness, especially as a sign of sickness or distress.
pappy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæpi/
rhymes: -æpi
Forms: form: pappier
form: pappiest
Etymology: From pap + -y.
Senses: glosses: Like pap; soft; mushy.
Derived terms: pappily
pappiness
pappy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæpi/
rhymes: -æpi
Forms: form: pappies
Etymology: From papa + -y.
Senses: glosses: A father.
glosses: A grandfather.
Derived terms: godpappy
grandpappy