cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
bridge
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: brĭj
ipa: /bɹɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɪdʒ
Forms: form: bridges
form: bridging
form: bridged
form: bridged
form: bridg
form: brigge
Etymology: From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.
Senses: examples: text: With enough cable, we can bridge this gorge.
text: On this occasion, the damage was far more serious. The sea wall was breached completely for a distance of over 50 yd., and the gap had to be bridged by a temporary timber viaduct.
ref: 1947 January and February, H. A. Vallance, “The Sea Wall at Dawlish”, in Railway Magazine, page 18:
glosses: To be or make a bridge over something.
examples: text: The two groups were able to bridge their differences.
text: The brooding, black-clad singer bridged a stark divide that emerged in the recording industry in the 1950s, as post-Elvis pop singers diverged into two camps and audiences aligned themselves with either the sideburned rebels of rock 'n' roll or the cowboy-hatted twangsters of country music.
ref: 2012, Christoper Zara, Tortured Artists: From Picasso and Monroe to Warhol and Winehouse, the Twisted Secrets of the World's Most Creative Minds, part 1, chapter 1, 28:
glosses: To span as if with a bridge.
examples: text: We need to bridge that jam into "The Eleven".
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: To transition from one piece or section of music to another without stopping.
topics: communication
communications
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To connect two or more computer buses, networks etc. with a bridge.
topics: government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
wrestling
glosses: To go to the bridge position.
qualifier: roller derby
glosses: To employ the bridge tactic. (See Noun section.)
Derived terms: bridge up
bridging ligand
bridging loan
bridging visa
bridge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: brĭj
ipa: /bɹɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɪdʒ
Forms: form: bridg
form: brigge
Etymology: From the earlier game biritch, probably from Russian бирю́ч (birjúč) or бири́ч (biríč); else from Turkish bir-üç (“one-three”).
Senses: examples: text: Bidding is an essential element of the game of bridge.
topics: card-games
games
glosses: A card game played with four players playing as two teams of two players each.
branch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: bränch
ipa: /bɹɑːnt͡ʃ/
enpr: brănch
ipa: /bɹænt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɑːntʃ
rhymes: -æntʃ
Forms: form: branches
form: branching
form: branched
form: branched
form: braunch
Etymology: From Middle English branche, braunche, bronche, from Old French branche, branke, from Late Latin branca (“footprint”, later also “paw, claw”) (whence Middle High German pranke, German Pranke (“paw”)), of unknown origin.
Perhaps of Celtic origin, from a hypothetical Gaulish *vranca, from Proto-Indo-European *wrónk-eh₂. If so, then Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rá, vró (“angle, corner”), and possibly Lithuanian rankà (“hand”), Old Church Slavonic рѫка (rǫka, “hand”), Albanian rangë (“yardwork”).
The verb is from Middle English braunchen, from the noun.
Senses: glosses: To arise from the trunk or a larger branch of a tree.
examples: text: The tree throve and branched so heavily that the windows of Lower West and the Doll's Flat were darkened.
ref: 1944, Emily Carr, “Life Loves Living”, in The House of All Sorts:
glosses: To produce branches.
glosses: To (cause to) divide into separate parts or subdivisions.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To jump to a different location in a program, especially as the result of a conditional statement.
examples: text: They cut down a young pear-tree, branch it, and carry it home.
ref: 1890, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 55:
glosses: To strip of branches.
examples: text: His staff were 'not journalists, but Communists', he maintained. Nonetheless, in 1948 his vigorous editorship took the paper's circulation to 120,000 a day. The following year, he was 'branched' by the National Union of Journalists for an intemperate attack on Fleet Street.
ref: 2003, Paul Routledge, The Bumper Book of British Lefties, page 199:
glosses: To discipline (a union member) at a branch meeting.
Related terms: branch off
branch out
curtain
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɜːtn̩/
ipa: /ˈkɜɹt(ə)n/
ipa: [ˈkʰɜɹʔn̩]
homophone: Kirton
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tən
Forms: form: curtains
form: curtaining
form: curtained
form: curtained
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English curtine, from Old French cortine, from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”), a calque from Ancient Greek.
Senses: examples: text: In a large bedroom upstairs, the window of which was thickly curtained with a great woollen shawl lately discarded by the landlady, Mrs. Rolliver, were gathered on this evening nearly a dozen persons, all seeking vinous bliss; all old inhabitants of the nearer end of Marlott, and frequenters of this retreat.
ref: 1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter IV, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), pages 40–41:
text: The window, softly curtained with dotted swiss, became the focus of my desperate hour-by-hour attention.
ref: 1985, Carol Shields, “Dolls, Dolls, Dolls, Dolls”, in The Collected Stories, Random House Canada, published 2004, page 163:
glosses: To cover (a window) with a curtain; to hang curtains.
examples: text: And, after conflict such as was supposed / The wandering prince and Dido once enjoy'd, / When with a happy storm they were surprised / And curtain'd with a counsel-keeping cave, / We may, each wreathed in the other's arms, / Our pastimes done, possess a golden slumber;
ref: 1593, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, act II, scene 2:
text: But poetry in a more restricted sense expresses those arrangements of language, and especially metrical language, which are created by that imperial faculty; whose throne is curtained within the invisible nature of man.
ref: 1840, Percy Bysshe Shelley, A Defence of Poetry:
text: He saw a rock that pierced the shifting waters / As they stilled, now curtained by the riding / Of the waves, and leaped to safety on it.
ref: 1958, Ovid [Horace Gregory], The Metamorphoses, New York: Viking, Book IV, Perseus, page 115:
english: Horace Gregory
translation: Horace Gregory
text: But bleakness still curtained the gray horizon.
ref: 2003 [2001], A. B. Yehoshua [Hillel Halkin], The Liberated Bride, Harcourt, Part 2, Chapter 17, page 115:
english: Hillel Halkin
translation: Hillel Halkin
glosses: To hide, cover or separate as if by a curtain.
Synonyms: becurtain
Related terms: blind
drape
curve
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɜːv/
ipa: [ˈkʰɜːv]
ipa: /kɚv/
ipa: [ˈkʰɚv]
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)v
Etymology: Attested since the 1690s, from Latin curvus (“bent, curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, curve, turn”) + *-wós. Doublet of curb, shrink, carcer, and cancer.
Senses: examples: text: a curve line
text: a curve surface
glosses: Bent without angles; crooked; curved.
curve
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɜːv/
ipa: [ˈkʰɜːv]
ipa: /kɚv/
ipa: [ˈkʰɚv]
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)v
Forms: form: curves
form: curving
form: curved
form: curved
Etymology: Attested since the 1690s, from Latin curvus (“bent, curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, curve, turn”) + *-wós. Doublet of curb, shrink, carcer, and cancer.
Senses: examples: text: to curve a line
text: to curve a pipe
glosses: To bend; to crook.
examples: text: to curve a ball in pitching it
glosses: To cause to swerve from a straight course.
examples: text: the road curves to the right
text: […] the shoulders not too wide above, bowing outward from the top to the breast; the back flat from shoulder to tail; the ribs extending horizontally and backwards, and then curving down barrelwise; […]
ref: 1866, The Missouri Yearbook of Agriculture: Annual Report, Missouri. State Board of Agriculture, page 31:
text: Even without mobilization of the bone, the median eyelid angle can be deplaced in the nasal direction. For this purpose, we inserted a heart-shaped cartilage implant, curved toward the caruncula.
ref: 1982, Sherrell J. Aston, Albert Hornblass, Murray A. Meltzer, et al., editors, Third International Symposium of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Eye and Adnexa, Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Co., →ISBN, page 116:
glosses: To bend or turn gradually from a given direction.
examples: text: The teacher will curve the test.
glosses: To grade on a curve (bell curve of a normal distribution).
examples: text: I was once curved three times by the same woman.
glosses: (slang) To reject, to turn down romantic advances.
Derived terms: outcurve
recurve
upcurve
coat
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /koʊt/
ipa: /kəʊt/
note: Indic
ipa: /koːʈ/
homophone: court
rhymes: -əʊt
Forms: form: coats
form: coating
form: coated
form: coated
form: cote
Etymology: From Middle English cote, coate, cotte, from Old French cote, cotte (“outer garment with sleeves”), from Latin cotta (“undercoat, tunic”), from Proto-Germanic *kuttô, *kuttǭ (“cowl, woolen cloth, coat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷewd-, *gud- (“woolen clothes”).
Cognate with Old High German kozza, kozzo (“woolen coat”) (German Kotze (“coarse woolen blanket; woolen cape”)), Middle Low German kot (“coat”), Middle Dutch cote (“coat”), Ancient Greek βεῦδος (beûdos, “woman's attire”).
Senses: examples: text: The frying pan was coated with a layer of non-stick material, making it easier to wash.
text: Door grab handles have been coated with an anti-microbial finish.
ref: 2021 January 13, “Fleet News: Final Avanti West Coast Super Voyager refurbished”, in RAIL, issue 922, page 23:
glosses: To cover with a coating of some material.
glosses: To cover like a coat.
glosses: To clothe.
Hyponyms: sense: to cover with a coating
english: using salt
translation: using salt
word: salt
sense: to cover with a coating
english: using sugar
translation: using sugar
word: candy
sense: to cover with a coating
english: using white paint
translation: using white paint
word: whitewash
sense: to cover with a coating
english: using lacquer
translation: using lacquer
word: lacquer
sense: to cover with a coating
word: luster
sense: to cover with a coating
english: with lustrous effect
translation: with lustrous effect
word: lustrate
Derived terms: coatable
coater
coat up
recoat
three-quarter coat
beautiful
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: byo͞oʹtĭ-fəl
ipa: /ˈbjuːtɪ.fəl/
ipa: /ˈbjuːtɪ.fʊl/
ipa: /ˈbju.tɪ.fəl/
ipa: [bju.ɾə.fəl]
Forms: form: beautifuls
Etymology: From Middle English bewteful, beautefull (“attractive to the eye, beautiful”), equivalent to beauty + -ful. In this sense, largely displaced Old English fæġer (whence fair).
Senses: examples: text: The man was faithful to his wife, ignoring the many blonde beautifuls who surrounded him wherever he went.
text: Hey, beautiful!
glosses: Someone who is beautiful. Can be used as a term of address.
brick
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: brĭk
ipa: /bɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Etymology: From Late Middle English brik, bryke, bricke, from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bricke ("cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch brik), ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *brekan (“to break”), whence also Old French briche and French brique (“brick”). Compare also German Low German Brickje (“small board, tray”). Related to break.
Senses: examples: text: And while the tropics are definitely the place to be when it's brick outside, rocking a snorkel on the beach only works when you're snorkeling.
ref: 2005, Vibe, volume 12, number 14, page 102:
text: He was always hanging tight with me and since he had access to a ride . . . it made traveling easier. I mean it was no biggie brain buster to take the train, but when it's brick outside . . . fuck the A train.
ref: 2014, Ray Mack, Underestimated: A Searcher's Story, →ISBN, page 89:
text: Read on for tips so you don't freeze your ass off when it's brick outside.
ref: 2017 January 18, Anthony J. Yeung, “Running During Winter Sucks. But It Doesn't Have To.”, in Esquire:
text: "It's brick cold. Could you imagine stepping on this with your bare foot?" Taylor said.
ref: 2018 January 4, Melissa Hipolit, “HUD: Creighton Court residents without heat being relocated”, in CBS 6 TV:
synonyms: word: algid
word: Arctic
word: Baltic
word: benumbed
word: bitter
word: bleak
word: bone-chilling
word: boreal
word: brass monkeys
word: brisk
word: brumal
word: chill
word: chilled
word: chilly
word: clay-cold
word: cold
word: cold as a mackerel
word: cold as a well-digger's arse
word: cold as a witch's kiss
word: cold as a witch's teat
word: cold as a witch's tit
word: cold as charity
word: cold as ice
word: cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey
word: cool
word: crisp
word: drafty
word: freezing
word: frigid
word: frosty
word: frore
word: frozen
word: gelid
word: glacial
word: hiemal
word: icy
word: inclement
word: nesh
word: nippy
word: parky
word: polar
word: shivering
word: sleety
word: snowy
word: taters
word: wintry
qualifier: African-American Vernacular
glosses: Extremely cold.
raw_tags: of weather
Related terms: brickfielder
brick it
bone marrow
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bone marrows
form: bonemarrow
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The fatty vascular tissue that fills the cavities of bones, being the place where new blood cells are produced.
cell
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɛl/
homophone: cel
homophone: sell
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: cells
form: celling
form: celled
form: celled
Etymology: From Middle English celle, selle, from Old English cell (attested in inflected forms), from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”), later reinforced by Old French cel, sele, Old French cele. Ultimately from Proto-Italic *kelnā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of cella and hall.
Senses: examples: text: Myself a recluse from the world, And celled under ground, Lest that the gould, the precious stones, And pleasures, here be found
ref: 1586, William Warner, Albion's England:
glosses: To place or enclose in a cell.
cell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɛl/
homophone: cel
homophone: sell
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: cells
Etymology: Ellipsis of cell phone, itself a clipping of cellular phone, from cellular + phone.
Senses: glosses: A cellular phone.
Synonyms: word: cell
word: cyte
Hyponyms: word: adipocyte
word: basophil
word: blood cell
word: brain cell
word: gamete
word: gametocyte
word: germ cell
word: granulocyte
word: leukocyte
word: lymphocyte
word: macrophage
word: mast cell
word: monocyte
word: myelocyte
word: neuron
word: oocyte
word: osteocyte
word: phagocyte
word: spermatocyte
word: thrombocyte
word: zygote
word: somatic cell
Meronyms: word: organelle
word: nucleus
word: cytoplasm
word: cytosol
word: vacuole
word: mitochondrion
word: vesicle
word: cytoskeleton
word: chloroplast
word: lysosome
Related terms: word: :Category:Cytology
stem cell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stem cells
Senses: examples: text: Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and to produce numerous differentiated cell types, and are directly responsible for generating and maintaining tissues and organs.
ref: 2002, Haifan Lin, “The stem-cell niche theory: Lessons from flies,”, in Nature Reviews: Genetics, volume 3, page 931:
topics: biology
cytology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A primal undifferentiated cell from which a variety of other cells can develop through the process of cellular differentiation.
Derived terms: mesenchymal stem cell
leukemia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /luːˈkiːmi.ə/
Forms: form: leukemias
form: leucaemia
form: leucemia
form: leukaemia
form: leukæmia
form: leucæmia
form: leuchaemia
form: leuchemia
form: leuchæmia
form: leukhæmia
Etymology: From German Leukämie, from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”). By surface analysis, leuk- + -emia.
Senses: examples: text: The subjects suffered from lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias.
text: In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.
ref: 2012 January 23, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 09 Sep 2014, page 87:
topics: medicine
oncology
pathology
sciences
glosses: Any of a class of types of cancer affecting the blood cells, especially the white blood cells (usually with massive leukocytosis), and the blood cell–forming (hematopoietic) tissues.
Derived terms: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
antileukemia
bovine leukemia
chloroleukemia
chronic myeloid leukemia
erythroleukemia
leukemia cutis
leukemic
leukemogenesis
leukemogenic
leukemoid
lymphoblastic leukemia
myeloleukemia
nonleukemia
preleukemia
radioleukemia
leukocyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈluːkə(ʊ)sʌɪt/
Forms: form: leukocytes
form: leucocyte
Etymology: From leuko- + -cyte.
Senses: examples: text: In disease of the spleen, especially Banti's disease or fibro-adenia of the spleen, the increase of leukocytes is absent or slight, with no relative lymphocytosis.
ref: 1923, International Medical Digest, page 316:
text: Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
ref: 2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:
topics: biology
cytology
hematology
immunology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.
Synonyms: white blood cell
WBC
Hypernyms: blood cell
hemocyte
Hyponyms: alt: and its hyponyms
word: granulocyte
alt: and its hyponyms
word: lymphocyte
word: myelocyte
Coordinate terms: erythrocyte
red blood cell
RBC
thrombocyte
platelet
Derived terms: human leukocyte antigen
interleukocyte
intraleukocyte
intraleukocytic
leukocytapheresis
leukocytemia
leukocytic
leukocytoclasia
leukocytoclastic
leukocytoid
leukocytopenia
leukocytopoiesis
leukocytopoietic
leukocytosis
leukocytospermia
leukocytotropic
leukocyturia
panleukocyte
PMN leukocyte
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
erythrocyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹɪθɹəˌsaɪt/
Forms: form: erythrocytes
Etymology: From erythro- (“red”) + -cyte (“cell”), referring to the red color of hemoglobin when oxygen is bound to it.
Senses: examples: text: The want of success of these names may be attributed to their awkwardness in sound or sense; "erythrocyte" seems the best of them, but is unfortunately four-syllabled.
ref: 1901 March 23, Ch. S. Sherrington, “The name of the red corpuscle: a suggestion”, in British Medical Journal, page 742:
text: Granular, basic, or punctate degeneration of the erythrocyte is a condition in which this cell presents fine or coarse granules that have an affinity for basic stains.
ref: 1901 September 23, C. Y. White, “Granular degeneration of the erythrocyte”, in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, volume 122, number 3:
topics: biology
cytology
hematology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A hemoglobin-containing cell, especially as found in humans but more generally present in the blood of most vertebrates, that is involved with the transport of oxygen; such cells are usually anucleate in humans and many other animals.
Synonyms: red blood cell
RBC
Hypernyms: blood cell
hemocyte
Coordinate terms: leukocyte
white blood cell
WBC
Derived terms: antierythrocyte
autoerythrocyte
erythrocytal
erythrocytapheresis
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
erythrocythemia
erythrocytic
erythrocytogenesis
erythrocytolysis
erythrocytoma
erythrocytometer
erythrocytometry
erythrocytopathy
erythrocytopenia
erythrocytosis
erythrocyturia
intraerythrocyte
microerythrocyte
nonerythrocyte
proerythrocyte
overdrew
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.dɹu/
Senses: glosses: simple past of overdraw
overdraw
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: overdraws
form: overdrawing
form: overdrew
form: overdrawn
Etymology: From over- + draw.
Senses: glosses: To withdraw more money from an account than there is credit; to make an overdraft
topics: archery
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
glosses: To use a device for shooting arrows shorter than the draw of the bow.
glosses: To exaggerate.
topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To draw over the top of existing content.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: To draw the air in through a harmonica while adjusting the mouth so that the note goes up a half tone.
Derived terms: overdrawer
overdraw the badger
overdraw
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: overdraws
Etymology: From over- + draw.
Senses: topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The process by which, during the rendering of a three-dimensional scene, a pixel is replaced by one that is closer to the viewpoint, as determined by their Z coordinates.
thyself
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Pronunciation: enpr: thī-sĕlf'
ipa: /ðaɪˈsɛlf/
rhymes: -ɛlf
Forms: form: Thyself
Etymology: From Middle English thy-selfe, thiself, thi-zelf, from Old English þīnes selfes, equivalent to thy + -self. Compare Middle English thou-self.
Senses: examples: text: Thou hast only thyself to blame.
text: Thou thyself art to blame.
text: Physician, heal thyself.
glosses: yourself (as the object of a verb or preposition or as an intensifier); reflexive case of thou
Synonyms: theeself
thineself
thysen
Derived terms: know thyself
Related terms: word: Ime
word: me
word: myselfmemysen
word: mine
word: mymineme
word: we
word: us
word: ourselvesourselfoursen
word: oursourn
word: our
word: you
word: yourselfyoursen
word: yoursyourn
word: your
word: thou
word: thee
word: thyselftheeselfthysen
word: thine
word: thythine
word: youye
word: yourselves
word: you ally'all you guys
word: y'allselves
word: all yours y'all's you guys' your guys'
word: all your y'all's your all's you guys' your guys'
word: he
word: him
word: himselfhisselfhissen
word: hishisn
word: his
word: she
word: her
word: herselfhersen
word: hershern
word: ithit
word: itselfhitself
word: itshis
word: itshishits
word: they
word: them
word: themself
word: themselves
word: theirs
word: their
word: one
word: oneself
word: –
word: one's
word: themhem
word: 'em
word: themselvestheirsen
word: theirstheirn
word: The following table shows a list of English personal pronoun
word: including archaic and dialectal forms. Dialectal and obsolete
word: archaic forms are in italics. 1 See Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns for attested neopronoun.
overeat
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌoʊvɚˈit/
ipa: /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈiːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: overeats
form: overeating
form: overate
form: overeaten
form: over-eat
Etymology: From over- + eat.
Senses: glosses: To eat too much.
examples: text: Overeat meat and you will not be flipping the genetic switches to grow a new body; instead, you will be opting for an early death even as you tone and strengthen your muscles.
ref: 2019, Alberto Villoldo, Grow a New Body, page 66:
synonyms: overconsume
glosses: To eat too much of.
examples: text: Mr. Nollekens, when he dined out of late years, always over-ate himself, particularly with the pastry and dessert.
ref: 1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson, published 1986, page 255:
text: At breakfast they overate themselves with buttered toast, and "had eaten so much that they could not learn with any pleasure," […]
ref: 1896, The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art:
glosses: To surfeit with eating.
Derived terms: overeater
Related terms: pack on the pounds
obesity
overate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈeɪt/
homophone: overrate (in some dialects)
Senses: glosses: simple past of overeat
overeaten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.it.ən/
Senses: glosses: past participle of overeat
overhang
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əʊvəˈhaŋ/
ipa: /ˈəʊvəhaŋ/
ipa: /ˈoʊvəɹˌhæŋ/
Forms: form: overhangs
form: overhanging
form: overhung
form: overhung
form: overhanged
form: overhanged
Etymology: From Old English oferhangan, corresponding to over- + hang.
Senses: examples: text: Her brow was overhung with coins of gold, / That sparkled o'er the auburn of her hair [...].
ref: 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto II, stanza 116:
text: At that time, the upper part of the tower overhanged its base by about fourteen feet.
ref: 2012, Edwin Labre, Solly Border, Freedom...At Last!, page 37:
glosses: To hang over (something).
glosses: To impend.
Derived terms: nonoverhanging
overhanger
overhang
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əʊvəˈhaŋ/
ipa: /ˈəʊvəhaŋ/
ipa: /ˈoʊvəɹˌhæŋ/
Forms: form: overhangs
Etymology: From Old English oferhangan, corresponding to over- + hang.
Senses: topics: economics
sciences
glosses: The volume that tips the balance between the demand and the supply toward demand lagging supply.
topics: architecture
glosses: That portion of the roof structure that extends beyond the exterior walls of a building.
glosses: A fatty roll of pubis flab that hangs over one's genitals; a FUPA.
examples: text: These are firstly for products which need a cool room; secondly for products which can be stored on a standard pallet without overhang; and thirdly for products known as "the uglies" which always overhang a standard pallet.
ref: 1983, Australian Transport, page 16:
glosses: Anything that overhangs or protrudes over its base, such as a wave immediately before breaking, or a protruding cliff or rock wall.
Derived terms: capability overhang
overhang seat
overhung
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊvəɹˈhʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
ipa: /ˈoʊvəɹˌhʌŋ/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overhang
overhung
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊvəɹˈhʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
ipa: /ˈoʊvəɹˌhʌŋ/
Senses: examples: text: [T]he former, is but a vacant edifice; gilded, it may be, and overhung with old votive gifts, yet useless, nay pestilentially unclean[.]
ref: 1830, Thomas Carlyle, “On History”, in Fraser's Magazine:
glosses: Covered over; ornamented with hangings.
examples: an overhung door
glosses: Suspended from above or from the top.
examples: text: Though almost engulfed by Bedford, Elstow's claim to villagedom is still maintained by two fine rows of timber-framed, overhung, black-and-white cottages and the timber and herringbone-brick Swan pub.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 174:
glosses: That hangs over; overhanging.
overhear
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚˈhɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: overhears
form: overhearing
form: overheard
form: overheard
Etymology: From Middle English overheren, from Old English oferhīeran (“to overhear, hear, disobey, disregard, neglect”), equivalent to over- + hear. Cognate with Dutch overhoren (“to hear, hear about”), German überhören (“to not hear, ignore”), Danish overhøre (“to overhear”), Icelandic yfirheyra (“to hear”), Gothic *𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*ufarhausjan, “to disregard, disobey”) (in 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ufarhauseins)).
Senses: examples: text: I was hanging clothes in the garden and I overheard the neighbours talking about Sheila's pregnancy.
glosses: To hear something that was not meant for one's ears.
Hyponyms: eavesdrop
Derived terms: overhearer
tendency
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: tĕnʹdən-sē
ipa: /ˈtɛn.dən.si/
ipa: /ʈɛɳˈɖɛnsi/
note: Sotuh India
ipa: /ˈʈɛɳɖənsi/
Forms: form: tendencies
Etymology: From Medieval Latin tendentia, from tendens, present participle of tendō.
Senses: examples: text: Denim has a tendency to fade.
text: I have a tendency to get bored after the first half an hour of a movie.
text: There's a common tendency among first-game visitors to a casino to bet overcautiously.
text: In some details, Britannia shows the trend towards American practice that was already apparent in later L.M.S.R. designs—for example, in regard to the mounting of the cab—and this tendency has been further developed in the footwalk with deep sideplating, mounted on the boiler, in place of the framing and splashers usual in British practice in the past.
ref: 1951 April, Stirling Everard, “A Matter of Pedigree”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 274:
glosses: A likelihood of behaving in a particular way or going in a particular direction; a tending toward.
examples: text: Mao launched the struggle against the vulgar materialist tendency within the party as early as 1937.
ref: 1974, James Boggs, Grace Lee Boggs, Revolution and Evolution, NYU Press, →ISBN, page 134:
text: In stark contrast to the Europeanist tendency within the party and the Suez Group, this group had a short history.
ref: 1997, S. Onslow, Backbench Debate within the Conservative Party and its Influence on British Foreign Policy, 1948-57, Springer, →ISBN, page 234:
text: It reinforced the position of the conformist tendency within the party, since the majority of the candidates were old politicians, many of them members of Papandreou's centre-left CU faction back in the mid-1960s.
ref: 2013, Richard Gillespie, Lourdes Lopez Nieto, Michael Waller, Factional Politics and Democratization, Routledge, →ISBN, page 83:
topics: government
politics
glosses: An organised unit or faction within a larger political organisation.
Synonyms: inclination
disposition
propensity
penchant
trend
Derived terms: central tendency
measure of central tendency
multitendency
Serota tendency
tendency tone
tendency writing
overheard
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ō′vər-hûrd′
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈhɜːd/
ipa: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈhɝd/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)d
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overhear
overlay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ō'və-lāʹ
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈleɪ/
enpr: ō'vər-lāʹ
ipa: /ˌoʊvɚˈleɪ/
Forms: form: overlays
form: overlaying
form: overlaid
form: overlaid
form: overlayed
form: overlayed
Etymology: From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: cover, superimpose, superpose
text: She will now overlay the crust with fruit.
text: She will now overlay fruit on top of the crust.
text: For ſo exceeding ſhone his gliſtring ray,
That Phœbus golden face it did attaint,
As when a cloud his beames doth ouer-lay
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 34, page 99:
text: By his preſcript a Sanctuary is fram'd
Of Cedar, overlaid with Gold,
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 1140–1141:
text: The hillside at this point is composed of shaly rock overlaid with a peaty loam which carries a growth of heather, and its unstable condition has resulted in two landslides in the course of the railway's history.
ref: 1943 March and April, “A British Avalanche Shelter”, in Railway Magazine, page 80:
glosses: To lay, spread, or apply (something) over or across (something else); to overspread.
examples: text: when any country is overlaid by the multitude which live upon it
ref: c. 1610?, Walter Raleigh, A Discourse of War:
glosses: To overwhelm; to press excessively upon.
examples: text: And this womans childe died in the night: because she ouerlaid it.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 3:19:
text: a heap of ashes that o'erlays your fire
ref: 1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy:
text: Prostitutes, thieves, girls who ‘overlaid’ their babies, abortionists who stuck their knitting needles into something vital – did they really need to be here?
ref: 1993, Pat Barker, The Eye in the Door (The Regeneration Trilogy), Penguin, published 2014, page 371:
glosses: To lie over (someone, especially a child) in order to smother it; to suffocate.
topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: To put an overlay on.
examples: text: […] he has 'overlaid' his book, and has not succeeded in 'getting round' by bets against the other horses.
ref: 1890, The Twentieth Century, volume 27, page 934:
topics: gambling
games
glosses: To bet too much money on.
Related terms: laminate
layer
veneer
overlay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ō'və-lāʹ
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈleɪ/
enpr: ō'vər-lāʹ
ipa: /ˌoʊvɚˈleɪ/
enpr: ō'və-lāʹ
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈleɪ/
enpr: ō'vər-lāʹ
ipa: /ˌoʊvɚˈleɪ/
Senses: glosses: simple past of overlie
overlaid
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.leɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overlay
overlie
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌoʊvɚˈlaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: overlies
form: overlying
form: overlay
form: overlain
Etymology: From Middle English overlien, overliggen, equivalent to over- + lie (“to be reclined”). Compare West Frisian oerlizze, German überliegen, Danish overligge, Swedish överligga, Norwegian overligge.
Senses: examples: text: The new sediment layers overlie the older rock formations.
glosses: To lie over or upon
glosses: To suffocate by lying upon
overlain
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.leɪn/
rhymes: -eɪn
Senses: glosses: past participle of overlie
overpay
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.peɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: overpays
form: overpaying
form: overpaid
form: overpaid
Etymology: From over- + pay.
Senses: examples: text: I think we overpaid for that old car.
text: Be careful not to overpay when buying second-hand items.
text: The customer accidentally overpaid and was refunded.
glosses: To pay too much.
glosses: To be more than an ample reward for.
Derived terms: overpayer
overpayment
overpaid
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.peɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overpay
override
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈəʊ.vəˌɹaɪd/
ipa: /ˈoʊ.vɚˌɹaɪd/
Forms: form: overrides
Etymology: From Middle English overriden, from Old English oferrīdan, equivalent to over- + ride. Cognate with Dutch overrijden, German überreiten, Danish override.
Senses: examples: text: The bill passed with 72 members voting for the override and 46 against.
ref: 2024 December 11, Arit John, “North Carolina’s GOP-controlled legislature erodes incoming Democrats’ political powers”, in CNN:
glosses: A mechanism, device or procedure used to counteract an automatic control.
glosses: A royalty.
glosses: A device for prioritizing audio signals, such that certain signals receive priority over others.
qualifier: object-oriented programming
glosses: A method with the same name and signature as a method in a superclass, which runs instead of that method, when an object of the subclass is involved.
overrode
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ō′vər-rōd′
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈɹəʊd/
ipa: /ˌoʊ.vəˈɹoʊd/
rhymes: -əʊd
Senses: glosses: simple past of override
glosses: past participle of override
overridden
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ō′vər-rĭd′n
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈɹɪd.ən/
ipa: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈɹɪd.ən/
rhymes: -ɪdən
Etymology: From Middle English overridden, from Old English oferriden, past participle of oferrīdan (“to ride over”), equivalent to over- + ridden.
Senses: glosses: past participle of override
Derived terms: nonoverridden
unoverridden
overrun
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈɹʌn/
ipa: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈɹʌn/
Forms: form: overruns
form: overrunning
form: overran
form: overrun
form: over-run
Etymology: From over- + run.
Senses: glosses: To defeat an enemy and invade in great numbers, seizing the enemy positions conclusively.
examples: text: The vine overran its trellis; the field is overrun with weeds.
text: those barbarous nations that over-ran the world
ref: 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:
text: As President Obama turns his attention once again to filling out a cabinet and writing an Inaugural Address, this much is clear: he should not expect to bask in a surge of national unity, or to witness a crowd of millions overrun the Mall just to say they were there.
ref: 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:
glosses: To infest, swarm over, flow over.
examples: text: The athlete overran the finish line and kept going.
text: One line overruns another in length.
text: Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 18:23:
text: The collision occurred when an up empty electric train travelling on the up main through line overran the inner home signal and rammed the side of the departing 6.14 p.m. Waterloo-Weymouth steam train, which was leaving platform 12 for the down main through line.
ref: 1961 March, “Talking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 138:
glosses: To run past; to run beyond.
examples: text: The aircraft didn't stop in time and overran the runway.
glosses: To run past; to run beyond.
To run past the end of.
examples: text: The performance overran by ten minutes, which caused some people to miss their bus home.
glosses: To continue for too long.
topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: To carry (some type, a line or column, etc.) backward or forward into an adjacent line or page.
examples: text: In machinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it.
text: all of these services, including mSpy, function with the same kind of predatory subscription scheme, luring you in with free trials that autorenew as abhorrently expensive monthly or yearly subscriptions. canceling the service requires reaching out to support, so users are typically unable to avoid overrunning the trial.
ref: 2024 June 9, maia arson crimew, “israeli national police found trying to purchase stalkerware”, in maia blog:
glosses: To go beyond; to extend in part beyond.
examples: text: None of them the feeble overren.
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 9:
glosses: To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon.
Derived terms: overrunner
overrun the constable
overrun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈəʊ.vəˌɹʌn/
ipa: /ˈoʊ.vɚˌɹʌn/
Forms: form: overruns
form: over-run
Etymology: From over- + run.
Senses: examples: text: Some of the stadiums being built for the World Cup soccer tournament, scheduled for next year, have also been criticized for delays and cost overruns, and have become subjects of derision as protesters question whether they will become white elephants.
ref: 2013 June 18, Simon Romero, “Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders”, in New York Times:
text: Tesla’s first decade was plagued by unmet deadlines, technical snafus and cost overruns.
ref: December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time Magazine, archived from the original on 13 Dec 2021:
glosses: An instance of overrunning.
examples: text: At least this year's overrun isn't as unmanageable as last year!
glosses: The amount by which something overruns.
examples: text: The runway has 7,000 feet of paved surface, plus a 2,000-foot grass overrun.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An area of terrain beyond the end of a runway that is kept flat and unobstructed to allow an aircraft that runs off the end of the runway to stop safely.
examples: text: If ice cream has too much overrun, it will be airy and foamy and will lack flavor.
ref: 2004, Wayne Gisslen, Professional Baking, page 497:
topics: food
lifestyle
glosses: Air that is whipped into a frozen dessert to make it easier to serve and eat.
Synonyms: runway safety area
stopway
Derived terms: buffer overrun
cost overrun
overran
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ō′vər-răn′
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈɹæn/
ipa: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈɹæn/
rhymes: -æn
Senses: glosses: simple past of overrun
oversee
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈsiː/
ipa: [ˌəʊ̯.vəˈsiː]
ipa: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈsi/
ipa: [ˌoʊ̯.vɚˈsi]
ipa: /ˌəʉ.vəˈsiː/
ipa: [ˌəʉ̯.vəˈsiː]
note: some speakers
ipa: [ˌɐʉ̯.vəˈsiː]
ipa: /ˌɐʉ.vəˈsiː/
ipa: [ˌɐʉ̯.vəˈsiː]
rhymes: -iː
homophone: oversea
Forms: form: oversees
form: overseeing
form: oversaw
form: overseen
Etymology: From Middle English overseen, ouverseen, from Old English ofersēon (“to observe, oversee; to overlook, neglect”), equivalent to over- + see.
Senses: glosses: To survey, look at something in a wide angle.
examples: text: It is congress's duty to oversee the spending of federal funds.
text: Based at BTP's London headquarters, Russell's team of three full-timers in the drone unit are responsible for overseeing the safety of drones in support of police officers.
ref: 2022 February 9, Tom Allett, “The BTP's eyes and ears in the air”, in RAIL, number 950, page 50:
text: Treasury could also ask why High Speed 2's finances are so adrift from what was promised. The answers will make for difficult DfT reading, because it can't escape the fact that it has been the government department overseeing rail spending for the past 20 years.
ref: 2024 September 4, Philip Haigh, “Can public-private partnerships be made to deliver?”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 53:
synonyms: superintend
glosses: To supervise, guide, review or direct the actions of a person or group.
examples: text: Gamekeepers oversee a hunting ground to see to the wildlife's welfare and look for poachers.
glosses: To inspect, examine
examples: text: Thereat the Elfe did blush in priuitee, / And turnd his face away; but she the same / Dissembled faire, and faynd to ouersee.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: To fail to see; to overlook, ignore.
glosses: To observe secretly or unintentionally.
Derived terms: overseer
oversight
Related terms: overhear
overlook
overwatch
oversaw
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.sɔ/
Senses: glosses: simple past of oversee
overseen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.sin/
Senses: glosses: past participle of oversee
oversell
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊ.vɚ.sɛl/
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: oversells
form: overselling
form: oversold
form: oversold
Etymology: From over- + sell.
Senses: coordinate_terms: overcommit
overpromise
glosses: To agree to sell more of something than one can supply.
antonyms: undersell
glosses: To be too eager in attempting to sell something.
examples: text: I don't want to oversell it, but [second clause]
text: I don't want to oversell it, but you've got to check out that new restaurant on Third Street.
antonyms: undersell
glosses: To praise something to excess.
examples: text: One whose beauty / Would oversell all Italy
ref: 1617, John Fletcher, “The Chances”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
glosses: To sell for a higher price than; to exceed in sale price.
Derived terms: overseller
Related terms: upsell
overshoot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈəʊ.və.ʃuːt/
ipa: /ˈoʊ.vɚˌʃut/
ipa: /ˌəʊ.vəˈʃuːt/
ipa: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈʃut/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: overshoots
Etymology: From Middle English overshoten, oversheten (“to shoot beyond, shoot past, pour down from above”), perhaps continuing Old English ofersċēotan (“to shoot down”), equivalent to over- + shoot.
Senses: examples: text: Let's see if we can predict and correct for the overshoot.
glosses: The amount by which something goes too far.
examples: text: With appropriate choice and action such uncontrolled decline could be avoided; overshoot could instead be resolved by a conscious effort to reduce humanity's demand on the planet.
ref: 2004, Donella Meadows, Jorgen Randers, Dennis Meadows, “Author's preface”, in Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update, →ISBN:
text: Population overshoot is therefore unlikely to yield to management. Rather, the usual suspects will enter the scene and do their thing: starvation, disease, […] violence […] [and] death […].
ref: 2012, James Howard Kunstler, “Where We're at”, in Too Much Magic, →ISBN:
text: Our core ecological problem is not climate change. It is overshoot, of which global warming is a symptom.
ref: 2017 August 14, Richard Heinberg, “Systemic Change Driven by Moral Awakening Is Our Only Hope”, in Ecowatch:
topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: The situation where the population of a species exceeds its environment's carrying capacity.
examples: text: The portion resting beyond the capline or baseline is called overshoot.
ref: 2019, Reece Patton, Formatting for Print:
text: The bowl of the D and the O are usually not identical, as most D forms do not have overshoot or undershoot.
ref: 2020, Karen Cheng, Designing Type, 2nd edition, page 88:
topics: arts
design
media
publishing
typography
glosses: The portion of a letter extending above the capline of other letters of the same font, or the relative degree of such extent.