cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
videotape
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: videotapes
Etymology: From video + tape, a trademark of media company Ampex.
Senses: glosses: A relatively wide magnetic tape used for recording visual images and sounds (as of a television production) for subsequent playback or broadcasting.
Derived terms: file videotape
videotape
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: videotapes
form: videotaping
form: videotaped
form: videotaped
Etymology: From video + tape, a trademark of media company Ampex.
Senses: glosses: to make a recording of something on videotape
glosses: To visually record (activity, or a motion picture) in general, with or without sound.
videocassette recorder
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: videocassette recorders
Senses: glosses: An electronic device for recording and playing back television programs and movies (featuring visual images and sound) on a videocassette that can be attached to a television set.
Synonyms: word: VCR
word: VHS player
videodisc
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: videodiscs
Etymology: From video + disc.
Senses: glosses: An optical disc containing a video recording that can be viewed on a television receiver.
Related terms: DVD
Laserdisc
viewer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvjuːə/
ipa: /ˈvju.ɚ/
Forms: form: viewers
Etymology: From Middle English vewer; equivalent to view + -er.
Senses: examples: text: This sensation of an object becoming alive is a characteristic that, I believe, seizes all viewers of a van Gogh. The Bible goes beyond being a simple still-life object to become a living thing, an expression of strength, an existence that emanates from itself, beyond the painting surface to participate in our very lives.
ref: 2010, Antonio Saggio, A Secret van Gogh: His Motif and Motives, →ISBN, page 11:
text: It’s clear why enterprising people make the videos, but what compels so many viewers to watch an amateur video of some stranger they don’t know opening a box? What would compel a viewer to subscribe to the all-coffee channel and binge-watch a guy unpacking coffee makers?
ref: 2014 February 13, Heather Kelly, “The bizarre, lucrative world of ‘unboxing’ videos”, in CNN:
glosses: Someone who views a spectacle; an onlooker or spectator.
glosses: Someone who watches television.
glosses: Any optical device used to view photographic slides.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A program that displays the contents of a file.
glosses: An appointed inspector or examiner
topics: business
mining
glosses: An appointed inspector or examiner:
The manager of a colliery, who directs its workings and ventilation.
Derived terms: check viewer
fence viewer
game viewer
remote viewer
solar viewer
televiewer
underviewer
viewfinder
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvjuːfaɪndə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: viewfinders
Etymology: From view + finder.
Senses: glosses: A device on a camera that shows what will appear in the field of view of the lens; it helps the user target a subject, zoom and focus the image.
viewpoint
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvjuː.pɔɪnt/
Forms: form: viewpoints
form: view-point
Etymology: From view + point.
Senses: examples: text: From the top of the hill you get a good viewpoint of the town.
glosses: The position from which something is observed or considered
examples: text: It is my personal viewpoint that veganism should be not only accepted, but actively encouraged by those in power.
synonyms: spin
glosses: An angle, outlook or point of view.
Derived terms: multiviewpoint
Miami
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /maɪˈæmi/
ipa: /maɪˈæmə/
rhymes: -æmi
Etymology: From Mayaimi, one of only ten words recorded from the language of the now-extinct Mayaimi people, meaning "big water", referring to the large lake on whose shores they lived, alternately called Lake Miami, Lake Mayimi, Lake Maymi, Lake Maimi; now called Lake Okeechobee. The Florida city is named for the Miami River. The river is named for its source, Lake Miami.
Senses: synonyms: Mayaimi
Maimi
Mayimi
Maymi
glosses: Alternative form of Mayaimi.
An extinct indigenous people of Florida.
synonyms: Mayaimi
Maimi
Mayimi
Maymi
glosses: Alternative form of Mayaimi.
An extinct language spoken by those people.
examples: text: It may get even busier in town when a sleek train service called the Brightline debuts this summer, shuttling travelers between nearby West Palm Beach and Miami.
ref: 2017 March 1, Hannah Seligson, “Where to get hip in Palm Beach”, in CNN:
text: Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International and Palm Beach International are solid choices if your final destination is north of Miami city limits.
ref: 2020 January 7, Rebecca Wallwork, “Which South Florida airport should I fly into?”, in CNN:
glosses: A placename:
A city, the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida.
glosses: A placename:
A city, the county seat of Ottawa County, Oklahoma.
glosses: A placename:
A small city, the county seat of Roberts County, Texas.
glosses: A placename:
A number of townships in the United States, including five in Ohio, listed under Miami Township.
glosses: A placename:
Ellipsis of Lake Miami, former name of Lake Okeechobee: a lake in Florida, the source of the Miami River.
synonyms: Lake Mayaimi
Lake Maimi
Lake Mayimi
Lake Maymi
glosses: A placename:
A river in Miami-Dade County, Florida, flowing past the city of Miami; in full, Miami River.
synonyms: Mayaimi River
Maimi River
Mayimi River
Maymi River
Derived terms: Lake Miami
Miami Beach
Miami County
Miami-Dade
Miami-Dade County
Miami English
Miami Gardens
Miami River
North Miami
North Miami Beach
Miami
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /maɪˈæmi/
ipa: /maɪˈæmə/
rhymes: -æmi
Forms: form: Miamis
form: Miami
Etymology: From Miami Myaamia, the endonym for the tribe in Miami-Illinois, an Algonquian language.
Senses: glosses: A member of an indigenous North American people of Algonquian stock.
glosses: Miami University.
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Miami terms
playback
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: playbacks
Etymology: From play + back.
Senses: glosses: The replaying of something previously recorded, especially sound or moving images.
qualifier: non-native speakers' English
glosses: Lip-syncing.
Derived terms: playback singer
animate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ăn'ĭmət
ipa: /ˈæn.ɪ.mət/
enpr: ăn'əmət
ipa: /ˈæn.ə.mət/
Forms: form: more animate
form: most animate
Etymology: From Middle English animat(e), from Latin animātus, perfect passive participle of animō (“to fill with breath, quicken, encourage, animate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from anima (“soul, spirit, breath”); see anima. The verb derives from the adjective, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: synonyms: word: alive
word: living
word: vital
word: above ground
word: alive
word: alive and kicking
word: alive and well
word: animate
word: animated
word: extant
word: kicking
word: live
word: lively
word: livesome
word: living
word: quick
word: still with us
word: surviving
word: undeceased
word: vital
word: vitalic
antonyms: word: inanimate
word: lifeless
word: alive
glosses: That lives.
synonyms: word: dynamic
word: kinetic
word: motile
word: afoot
word: animate
word: astir
word: cursory
word: dynamic
word: in motion
word: mobile
word: moving
word: on the move
word: on the wing
word: under sail
word: unstill
word: ambulatory
word: animate
word: kinetic
word: mobile
word: motile
word: motive
word: movable
word: vagile
antonyms: word: inanimate
word: sessile
word: static
word: in motion
word: movable
glosses: Possessing the quality or ability of motion.
examples: text: She is an engaging and animate speaker.
synonyms: word: lively
word: perky
word: vivacious
word: active
word: dynamic
word: energetic
word: abuzz
word: agile
word: airy
word: alive
word: animate
word: animated
word: brisk
word: busy
word: busy as a bee
word: buxom
word: buzzing
word: diligent
word: driven
word: driving
word: dynamic
word: eager
word: effervescent
word: energetic
word: enthusiastic
word: expeditious
word: frisky
word: gay
word: glowing
word: happy
word: hearty
word: impetuous
word: industrious
word: keen
word: kinetic
word: lively
word: merry
word: mobile
word: motivated
word: moving
word: nimble
word: peppy
word: perky
word: restive
word: snappy
word: spirited
word: sprightly
word: sprunt
word: spry
word: vibrant
word: vigorous
word: vivacious
word: vivid
word: zealous
word: zestful
word: zippy
antonyms: word: quiescent
word: sedentary
word: static
word: active
word: in action
glosses: Dynamic, energetic.
examples: text: Nouns can be singular or plural, and one of two genders, animate or inanimate.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: having a referent that is considered alive (this generally includes humans, animals and deities, sometimes also plants, spirits, etc.)
raw_tags: of a noun or pronoun
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
antonyms: inanimate
glosses: Inflected to agree with an animate noun or pronoun.
Derived terms: animacy
animately
animateness
animatism
animatist
inanimate
interanimate
non-animate
reanimate
semianimate
subanimate
transitive animate
Related terms: exanimate
animate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ăn'ĭmāt
ipa: /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/
enpr: ăn'əmāt
ipa: /ˈæn.ə.meɪt/
note: Indic
enpr: ə-nĭ-māt'
ipa: /ənɪˈmeʈ/
note: Indic
Forms: form: animates
form: animating
form: animated
form: animated
Etymology: From Middle English animat(e), from Latin animātus, perfect passive participle of animō (“to fill with breath, quicken, encourage, animate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from anima (“soul, spirit, breath”); see anima. The verb derives from the adjective, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: If we animate the model, we can see the complexity of the action.
synonyms: word: get going
word: impel
word: animate
word: actuate
word: drive
word: force
word: get going
word: impel
word: motivate
word: press
word: propel
word: put in motion
word: set in motion
antonyms: word: halt
word: stop
word: stay
word: accelerate
word: continue
word: go
word: move
word: proceed
word: set in motion
glosses: To impart motion or the appearance of motion to.
examples: text: The more to animate the people, he stood on high […] and cried unto them with a loud voice.
ref: 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:
synonyms: word: enliven
word: vitalise
word: animate
word: arouse
word: awaken
word: beghast
word: leaven
word: bright
word: brighten
word: cheer
word: energize
word: enliven
word: enthuse
word: exalt
word: excite
word: fire up
word: ginger
word: ginger up
word: inflame
word: invigorate
word: inspire
word: inspirit
word: jazz
word: kindle
word: liven
word: liven up
word: perk up
word: quicken
word: spice
word: spice up
word: stimulate
word: vitalise
word: animate
word: awaken
word: electrify
word: enflame
word: enkindle
word: enthrill
word: exagitate
word: excite
word: exhilarate
word: exsuscitate
word: fillip
word: fire
word: fire the blood
word: galvanize
word: gin up
word: ignite
word: inflame
word: intoxicate
word: kindle
word: quicken
word: rouse
word: send
word: set fire to
word: set on fire
word: sharpen
word: stir the blood
word: suscitate
word: thrill
word: vitalise
word: wake
word: warm the blood
word: whet
word: wind up
word: work up
word: yerk
glosses: To give spirit or vigour to; to stimulate or enliven; to inspirit.
Derived terms: animatable
animated cartoon
animated oat
animative
animatography
animator
animater
animatrix
deanimate
disanimate
interanimate
overanimate
reanimate
transanimate
Related terms: animation
animatrice
inanimate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈænɪmət/
Forms: form: more inanimate
form: most inanimate
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English inanimat(e), from Late Latin inanimātus, from Latin in- + animātus (“animated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). By surface analysis, in- + animate. The noun was derived by substantivization from the adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: The love of the inanimate is a general feeling. True, it makes no return of affection, neither does it disappoint it; its associations are from our thoughts and emotions.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 172:
synonyms: word: immobile
word: motionless
word: fixed
word: immobile
word: immotile
word: immovable
word: inanimate
word: inert
word: lifeless
word: sessile
word: static
word: rigid
word: stationary
word: stuck
word: unmovable
word: unmoveable
word: at rest
word: dull
word: impassive
word: inanimate
word: lifeless
word: motionless
word: sedent
word: sedentary
word: stationary
word: still
word: stock-still
word: torpid
word: unmoved
word: unmoving
glosses: Lacking the quality or ability of motion; as an inanimate object.
examples: text: I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body.
ref: 1818, Mary Shelley, chapter 5, in Frankenstein, archived from the original on 31 Oct 2011:
synonyms: non-animate
lifeless
insentient
insensate
glosses: Not being, and never having been alive, especially not like humans and animals.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
antonyms: animate
glosses: Not animate.
Derived terms: inanimacy
inanimately
inanimateness
inanimation
Related terms: deanimate
inanimate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈænɪmət/
Forms: form: inanimates
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English inanimat(e), from Late Latin inanimātus, from Latin in- + animātus (“animated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). By surface analysis, in- + animate. The noun was derived by substantivization from the adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).
Senses: glosses: Something that is not alive.
inanimate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈænɪmət/
ipa: /ɪnˈænɪmeɪt/
ipa: /ɪnˈænɪmət/
Forms: form: inanimates
form: inanimating
form: inanimated
form: inanimated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin inanimātus, the perfect passive participle of inanimō (“to animate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in, into”) + animō (“to animate”); by surface analysis, in- + animate.
Senses: examples: text: For there's a kind of world remaining still, Though shee which did inanimate and fill
ref: 1621, John Donne, An Anatomy of the World: The First Anniversary:
glosses: To animate.
farthing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɑː(ɹ).ðɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)ðɪŋ
Forms: form: farthings
Etymology: From Middle English ferthing, from Old English fēorþing, fēorþung (“a quarter, fourth part, farthing”), from fēorþa (“fourth”), from Proto-Germanic *fedurþungaz (“a quarter”), probably influenced by Old Norse fjórðungr (“a fourth part, quarter”). Equivalent to fourth + -ing; compare English riding (“third part”).
Senses: examples: text: "Nay, Heaven forbid, indeed," quoth Robin, "that I should take from such as thee, jolly fellow! Not so much as one farthing would I take from thee, for I love a fair Saxon face like thine right well—more especially when it cometh from Locksley Town, and most especially when the man that owneth it is to marry a bonny lass on Thursday next. But come, tell me for what price thou wilt sell me all of thy meat and thy horse and cart."
ref: 1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:
text: We must keep them to the fact that the duty is one and three quarter farthings, or nearly a half-penny in the pound and no more, and any one who tries to work it out any other way is not acting fairly in the matter.
ref: 1895, Parliament of Western Australia, Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly VIII, page 163
text: I had never defrauded a man of a farthing, nor called him knave behind his back. But now the last rag that covered my nakedness had been torn from me. I was branded a blackleg, card-sharper, and murderer.
ref: 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter II, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
glosses: Former British unit of currency worth one-quarter of an old penny; or a coin representing this.
examples: text: That period of infatuation was not unrelieved by a certain amount of self-introspection on my part. I kept account of every farthing I spent, and my expenses were carefully calculated. Every little item such as omnibus fares or postage or a couple of coppers spent on newspapers, would be entered, and the balance struck every evening before going to bed. That habit has stayed with me ever since, and I know that as a result, though I have had to handle public funds amounting to lakhs, I have succeeded in exercising strict economy in their disbursement, and instead of outstanding debts have had invariably a surplus balance in respect of all the movements I have led.
ref: 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xvi
synonyms: jot
shred
whit
glosses: A very small quantity or value; the least possible amount.
glosses: A division of land.
Derived terms: brass farthing
chuck-farthing
farthingdale
farthing dip
farthingland
farthingless
farthing loaf
Farthing Street
farthingsworth
half farthing
Harrington farthing
nipfarthing
not worth a brass farthing
penny farthing
pitch-farthing
quarter farthing
third farthing
three farthings
unofficial farthing
Related terms: riding
not worth a brass farthing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: One's own private knowledge of a man's character is not worth a brass farthing as legal evidence.
ref: 1915, Sax Rohmer, chapter 24, in The Yellow Claw:
text: 2005, Jeremy Page, "Russia is now ripe for freedom revolution, warns Solzhenitsyn," timesonline.com (UK), 7 Jun. (retrieved 29 Sep. 2008),
Democracy is not worth a brass farthing if it is being installed by bayonets.
glosses: Worth nothing or next to nothing.
Synonyms: sense: worth nothing or almost nothing
word: good for nothing
word: not worth a plug nickel
word: rubbish
word: worthless
Related terms: brass farthing
psalmwriter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: psalmwriters
Etymology: From psalm + writer.
Senses: glosses: A writer of psalms, such as the biblical King David.
Related terms: Psalms
playback singer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: playback singers
Senses: topics: broadcasting
cinematography
film
media
television
qualifier: singing
glosses: A singer whose songs are pre-recorded for use in films, especially Bollywood musicals, where actors lip-sync them.
Psalms
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɑːmz/
ipa: /sɑmz/
ipa: /sɑlmz/
ipa: /sɔmz/
ipa: /sɔlmz/
ipa: /sæmz/
rhymes: -ɑːmz
rhymes: -ɑːlmz
Forms: form: the Psalms
form: Psalm
Senses: topics: biblical
lifestyle
religion
synonyms: word: Book of Psalms
word: Ps.
word: Pss.
glosses: A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.
wikipedia: Book of Psalms
beer mat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: beer mats
form: beermat
Senses: glosses: A small square, circular or differently shaped cardboard mat, often with an advertisement for a brewery on it, that is used to rest one's glass on, and to protect the surface of a table or a bar in a pub.
Synonyms: word: coaster
vigil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪd͡ʒəl/
rhymes: -ɪdʒəl
Forms: form: vigils
Etymology: From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of Wigilia. See also wake and vigor, from the same root.
Senses: examples: text: I saw her head drooped upon her hand; her whole attitude expressing that profound depression, whose lonely vigil wastes the midnight in a gloomy watch, which yet hopes for nothing at its close.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 149:
text: Eventually the body trade grew so reckless that relatives took to holding graveside vigils, lest their loved ones disappear in the night.
ref: 2016, Colson Whitehead, The Underground Railroad, Fleet (2017), page 165:
text: A vigil was held for Ms. Cheptegei on Wednesday night, Ms. Indimuli said, with many women praying that she would survive.
ref: 2024 September 5, Isabella Kwai, John Yoon, “Rebecca Cheptegei, Olympic Runner From Uganda, Dies After Gasoline Attack”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 13 Sep 2024:
text: Mortenson, who asked to use a pseudonym for this story, says she has been attending rallies and vigils in her home state to regain her optimism, but she’s finding it tough.
ref: 2025 March 3, Nico Lang, ““Simply Trying to Exist”: How Trans Americans Are Navigating the Confusion and Chaos of Trump’s Passport Policy”, in Them, archived from the original on 13 Mar 2025:
glosses: An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.
examples: text: His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.
glosses: A period of observation or surveillance at any hour.
glosses: The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.
examples: text: The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.
glosses: A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.
Synonyms: sense: watch, especially at night
word: lookout
sense: watch, especially at night
word: look-out
sense: watch, especially at night
word: qui vive
sense: watch, especially at night
word: watch
Derived terms: candlelight vigil
coma vigil
keep vigil
Related terms: vigilance
vigilant
vigilation
vigilous
vigil
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪd͡ʒəl/
rhymes: -ɪdʒəl
Forms: form: vigils
form: vigiling
form: vigilling
form: vigiled
form: vigiled
form: vigilled
form: vigilled
Etymology: From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of Wigilia. See also wake and vigor, from the same root.
Senses: examples: text: As the arrested painters and their supporters waited out their "day in court," other activists distributed Hiroshima information leaflets, vigiled silently with placards and banners, and marched 500-strong through downtown Boston to a rally at City Hall Plaza.
ref: 1985 August 17, Loie Hayes, “Lesbian 'Shadow Painters' Join in Nuclear Protest”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 6, page 1:
glosses: To participate in a vigil.
vigorously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪɡəɹəsli/
Forms: form: more vigorously
form: most vigorously
form: vigourously
Etymology: From vigorous + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The lawyer vigorously defended her client.
text: He knocked vigorously on the door.
text: The tender roared along vibrating vigorously; braking had resulted in "flats" on most of its tyres.
ref: 1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 706:
text: For some writers, the flowering of chamber music around 1910 represents a reaction against the gargantuanism cultivated so vigorously in the previous century.
ref: 2004, Stephen Hefling, Nineteenth-Century Chamber Music:
text: Recently, the Supreme Court justices Sonia Sotomayor and Amy Coney Barrett spoke together publicly about how members of the court speak civilly to one another while disagreeing, sometimes vigorously, about the law.
ref: 2024 April 3, Stephen Breyer, “Stephen Breyer: The Supreme Court I Served On Was Made Up of Friends”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 06 Apr 2024:
text: “As soon as I am inaugurated, I will direct the Justice Department to vigorously pursue the death penalty to protect American families and children from violent rapists, murderers, and monsters. We will be a Nation of Law and Order again!” Trump wrote on Truth Social, echoing his long-standing advocacy for use of the death penalty, which was part of his tough-on-crime rhetoric during the 2024 campaign.
ref: 2024 December 24, Aaron Pellish, quoting Donald Trump, “Trump says he will direct Justice Department to ‘vigorously pursue the death penalty’”, in CNN:
synonyms: energetically
forcefully
powerfully
antonyms: unvigorously
glosses: With intense energy, force or vigor
beer belly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: beer bellies
form: beerbelly
Senses: glosses: A protruding belly caused by excess fat stored in the abdomen and colloquially attributed to the consumption of beer.
Synonyms: sense: paunch attributed to beer
word: beer baby
sense: paunch attributed to beer
word: beer gut
sense: paunch attributed to beer
word: beer muscles
sense: paunch attributed to beer
word: German goiter
sense: paunch attributed to beer
word: Molson muscle
Derived terms: beer-bellied
vilification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: vilifications
Senses: glosses: slanderous or malicious defamation; character assassination
Derived terms: co-vilification
Related terms: vilify
villainous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪlənəs/
Forms: form: more villainous
form: most villainous
form: villanous
Etymology: From Middle English vileinous, from Old French vileneus. By surface analysis, villain + -ous.
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, or appropriate to a villain.
examples: text: Tuc[ca]. […] Can thy Author doe it impudently enough? / Hiſt[rio]. O, I warrant you, Captaine: and ſpitefully inough too; he ha's one of the moſt ouerflowing villanous wits, in Rome. He will ſlander any man that breathes; If he diſguſt him. / Tucca. I'le know the poor, egregious, nitty Raſcall; and he haue ſuch commendable Qualities, I'le cheriſh him: […]
ref: 1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act III:
text: Bah! to this toilet for the villainous boredom of church.
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 9:
glosses: Wicked, offensive, or reprehensible in nature or behaviour; nefarious.
Synonyms: villainly
villainy
Derived terms: villainously
villainousness
villainy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: villainies
form: vilanie
form: vilany
form: villany
form: vilanie
form: vilany
form: villany
Etymology: From Middle English vileinie, vileynye, from Anglo-Norman vilenie, from Old French vilanie.
Senses: examples: text: Mos Eisley spaceport- you will never find a more wretched hive of scum and villainy. We must be cautious.
ref: 1977, Star Wars, spoken by Obi-Wan Kenobi (Alec Guinness):
glosses: Evil or wicked character or behaviour.
examples: text: He drew from his pocket a pistol, which, devoid of principle or honour, with an assassin-like assault, he instantly aimed at the breast of Lord Deloraine, but which, in the struggle that ensued, as if by retributive justice, went off unexpectedly and lodged its contents in the body of Melliphant,—thus doomed to receive his punishment by his own hand, and by the very weapon he had carried for his own defence in the perpetration of his villanies.
ref: 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 292–293:
glosses: A wicked or treacherous act.
glosses: Ill-treatment, indignity, degrading or shameful treatment of someone.
glosses: Disgrace, ignominy.
glosses: The state of being a villein or serf, and by extension servitude or low estate in life.
glosses: Boorishness, rudeness, bad cultivation or manners.
Synonyms: word: atrociousness
word: awfulness
word: badness
word: corruption
word: corruptness
word: criminality
word: dacoity
word: depravity
word: enormity
word: evil
word: evilness
word: immorality
word: knavery
word: nefariousness
word: rascality
word: savagery
word: scoundrelry
word: scumminess
word: turpitude
word: vileness
word: villainhood
word: villainousness
word: villainry
word: villainy
word: wickedness
Hyponyms: word: mischief
villainy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more villainy
form: most villainy
form: vilanie
form: vilany
form: villany
form: vilanie
form: vilany
form: villany
Etymology: From villain + -y.
Senses: examples: text: We are all villainy— very villainy, as I am a Christian man.
ref: 1839, Robert Folkestone Williams, The Youth of Shakspeare:
text: Apparently, in both domestic and foreign movies, you can't get too villainy to displease an audience.
ref: 1993, William Froug, Screenwriting Tricks of the Trade, page 51:
text: Yet here, actual reality offers you the worst villain ever and you say, sorry, he is too villainy.
ref: 2019, Greg Gutfeld, The Gutfeld Monologues, page 166:
glosses: Characteristic of a villain.
Synonyms: villainly
villainous
villiform
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Latin villus (“hair”) + -iform.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Having villi; having the shape of villi or small hairs.
mich
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: miches
form: miching
form: miched
form: miched
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of mitch.
Derived terms: micher
villus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪləs/
rhymes: -ɪləs
Forms: form: villi
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin villus (“shaggy hair”).
Senses: examples: text: where a villus comes next to a gland the short cubical cells of the gland may be traced into the columnar cells of the villus , the hyaline border becoming more marked
ref: 1880, Arthur Gamgee, A Text-book of the physiological chemistry […] :
text: Studies of the viable blood cells with phase contrast microscopy showed peculiar cells that had numerous short villi and were arbitrarily called “hairy cells.”
ref: 1966 February 24, Robert Schrek, ““Hairy” Cells in Blood in Lymphoreticular Neoplastic Disease and “Flagellated” Cells of Normal Lymph Nodes”, in Blood, volume 27, number 2, page 199:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: A small projection from a membrane, particularly those found in the mucous membranes of the intestines.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: One of the fine soft hairs on fruits, flowers, and other parts of plants.
Derived terms: chorionic villus sampling
Related terms: extravillous
intervillar
intervillous
intravillous
macrovillus
microvillus
perivillous
velour
velvet
villar
villiform
villitis
villonodular
villosity
villous
amour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈmʊə/
ipa: /aˈmʊə/
ipa: /əˈmʊɹ/
ipa: /ɑˈmʊɹ/
ipa: /-ˈmoɹ/
rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)
Forms: form: amours
form: amor
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English amour, from Middle French amour, from Old French amor, from Latin amor.
The modern pronunciation is due to continual French influence; the expected development would be /ˈæmə(ɹ)/, as seen in enamour, enamoured.
Senses: examples: text: Perhaps Daisy never went in for amour at all—and yet there's something in that voice of hers….
ref: 1925, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter 4, in The Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1953, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 78–79:
glosses: Courtship; flirtation.
examples: text: Jones had mentioned the Fact of his Amour, and of his being the Rival of Blifil, but had cautiously concealed the Name of the young Lady.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, “A Dialogue between Mr. Jones and the Barber”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VIII, page 180:
text: The amours of the greater scaup are, if anything, even more varied.
ref: 1990 October 26, Jerry Sullivan, “Field & Street”, in Chicago Reader:
glosses: A love affair.
examples: text: ‘Dulce, will you go to the masquerade-ball to night?’ said I to my lesser-half, on a bright evening during the gayest part of the ‘carnival season.’ / ‘No, my amor,’ answered she; ‘I am ill this evening; do n’t go out to-night, but stay by my side, and let your cheering presence save a doctor’s fee.’
ref: 1845 April, Ned Buntline, “A Night-Adventure in Cuba”, in The Knickerbocker, or New-York Monthly Magazine, volume XXV, number 4, New York, N.Y.: […] John Allen, […], page 326:
text: Makes you wonder how they were able to see their amours, or their hands...
ref: 2000 December 29, James McManus, “The Winter Casino”, in Chicago Reader:
glosses: A lover.
glosses: Love, affection.
Derived terms: amourist
Related terms: amorous
amourette
amour propre
d'Amour
enamour
metamour
paramour
amoureux
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: amoureux
Etymology: From the French. Doublet of amoroso and amorous.
Senses: examples: text: Ogier, thinking it is the Virgin Mary, commences an Ave; but the lady tells him she is Morgue la faye, who at his birth had kissed him, and retained him for her loyal amoureux, though forgotten by him.
ref: 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 78:
text: "Yet your mother," Rowland objected, "told me just now that you say you don't care a button for him." "Very likely! I meant as an amoureux. One does n't want a lover one pities, and one does n't want - of all things in the world - a husband who's a picturesque curiosity."
ref: 1907, Henry James, Roderick Hudson, page 408:
glosses: A lover; a romantic partner.
tes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of te
vindication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: vindications
form: vindicat.
Etymology: From vindicate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act of vindicating or the state of being vindicated.
glosses: Evidence, facts, statements, or arguments that justify a claim or belief.
Related terms: vindicate
vindictiveness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv.nəs/
ipa: /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv.nɪs/
Forms: form: vindictivenesses
Etymology: From vindictive + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Lord Avonleigh was an angry rather than a vindictive man. Vindictiveness requires more energy of character than he possessed. Indeed, it may be questioned whether he would of himself have taken the violent measures of the preceding evening.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXXIX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 326:
synonyms: vindictivity
glosses: The condition of being vindictive; a malevolent desire for revenge.
vinegar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪnəɡə/
ipa: /ˈvɪnəɡɚ/
rhymes: -ɪnəɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: vinegars
Etymology: From Middle English vynegre, from Old French vinaigre from Old French vyn egre, based on Latin vīnum (“wine”) + Latin ācer (“sour”). Displaced Old English æċed (survived in Middle English eced).
Senses: examples: text: In Persia, newly married couples were presented with sheep's trotters steeped in vinegar as a love enticement.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 220:
glosses: A sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid.
examples: text: a range of herb-flavoured vinegars
glosses: Any variety of vinegar.
examples: text: You full of vinegar now, but you 'bout through / We gonna get a steam drill to do your share of driving / Then what's all them muscles gonna do? Huh, John Henry? / Gonna take a little bit of vinegar out of you.
ref: 1962, “The Legend of John Henry's Hammer”, performed by Johnny Cash:
glosses: Vigor; vitality.
Derived terms: age like vinegar
apple cider vinegar
aromatic vinegar
balsamic vinegar
cane vinegar
champagne vinegar
chili vinegar
Chinese red vinegar
Chinkiang vinegar
cider vinegar
coconut vinegar
drinking vinegar
four thieves' vinegar
fruit vinegar
full of piss and vinegar
herb vinegar
honey catches more flies than vinegar
horticultural vinegar
it is better to be preserved in vinegar than to rot in honey
malt vinegar
Marseilles vinegar
mint vinegar
mother of vinegar
palm vinegar
piss and vinegar
pith and vinegar
pyroligneous vinegar
quick vinegar
radical vinegar
raspberry vinegar
rice vinegar
rose vinegar
salt and vinegar
sherry vinegar
spiced vinegar
spirit vinegar
spit and vinegar
sugar-vinegar
sweetened vinegar
tarragon vinegar
thieves' vinegar
toilet vinegar
vinegar beer
vinegar Bible
vinegar car
vinegar eel
vinegar-eel
vinegar essence
vinegarette
vinegar-field
vinegar fly
vinegar-fly
vinegarish
vinegarist
vinegar lamp
vinegar mother
vinegar pie
vinegar plant
vinegar-plant
vinegar-railing
vinegarrette
vinegar rice
vinegar stick
vinegar stroke
vinegar strokes
vinegar syndrome
vinegar tree
vinegar-tree
vinegar valentine
vinegar weed
vinegarweed
vinegar worm
vinegary
vinegar-yard
white vinegar
wine vinegar
wish one at vinegar
wood vinegar
you attract more flies with honey than vinegar
you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar
you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar
you catch more flies with honey than vinegar
you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar
Zhenjiang vinegar
Related terms: vinagrous
vinaigrette
vinaigrous
vinegaroon
vinegarroon
non-brewed condiment
vinegar
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪnəɡə/
ipa: /ˈvɪnəɡɚ/
rhymes: -ɪnəɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: vinegars
form: vinegaring
form: vinegared
form: vinegared
Etymology: From Middle English vynegre, from Old French vinaigre from Old French vyn egre, based on Latin vīnum (“wine”) + Latin ācer (“sour”). Displaced Old English æċed (survived in Middle English eced).
Senses: examples: text: Accordingly, after a vast amount of moaning and crying up-stairs, and much damping of foreheads, and vinegaring of temples, and hartshorning of noses, and so forth […]
ref: 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 19.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To season or otherwise treat with vinegar.
Derived terms: vinegared
vinegaring
jobsworth
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɒbzwɜːθ/
ipa: /-wəθ/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɑbzˌwɝθ/
Forms: form: jobsworths
Etymology: A compound of job + -s- + worth, derived from the phrase “It’s more than me job’s worth” or “... my job’s worth” as used in denial of a request by a functionary, chiefly popularized by Jeremy Taylor's 1973 song “Jobsworth” and the 1973–1994 BBC television series That’s Life! which focused on consumer affairs and gave a “Jobsworth of the Week” award to “a startling tale of going by the book”.
Senses: examples: text: The usual council jobsworths came down to tell them to stop playing football.
text: For many people, however, the stress of not having the correct ticket for a train or bus journey can lead to a particularly uncomfortable feeling … fear that they might encounter a jobsworth. […] Someone who has been caught out by a jobsworth, will probably accuse them of being an embittered, mean-spirited inadequate who are using their status to give themselves faux importance, justifying their actions by their twin mantras of "Rules is rules" and, inevitably, "It's more than my job's worth."
ref: 2000 January 10, “Your job’s worth more than you are”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 15 Feb 2020:
text: Everyone knows a jobsworth. They are in our offices: the keeper of the stationery cupboard and the grumpy security guard. They add crucial extra minutes to the daily commute: the traffic warden who stands waiting for the time to tick over, the bus driver who drives past as you sprint for the bus stop.
ref: 2007 July 16, Matt Keating, “Hug a jobsworth and spread a little happiness”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 05 Oct 2014:
text: But as within the rest of the civil service, competent, bright and ambitious staff who work long hours and often juggle multiple roles co-exist with the old-school jobsworths who punch-out the instant their daily seven hours 12 minutes are up.
ref: 2014 April 16, “anonymous civil servant”, “The old-school jobsworths in the civil service are still not pulling their weight”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 21 Oct 2015:
glosses: A person who upholds trivial rules unnecessarily and obstructively in order to exercise their (typically minor) authority.
wikipedia: BBC
BBC News
Related terms: by the book
computer says no
officialism
dour
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʊə/
ipa: /ˈdaʊə/
ipa: /ˈdʊ˞/
ipa: /ˈdaʊɚ/
ipa: /ˈdaʊ.ɚ/
ipa: /ˈdur/
rhymes: -aʊə(ɹ)
rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)
homophone: Daur
homophone: doer
homophone: door
homophone: dower (depending on speaker) The traditional Scottish pronunciation of this originally Scottish word is doer.
Forms: form: dourer
form: more dour
form: dourest
form: most dour
Etymology: Borrowed from Scots dour, possibly from Latin dūrus (“hard, stern”), via Middle Irish dúr.
Compare French dur, Catalan dur, Italian duro, Portuguese duro, Romanian dur, Spanish duro. Doublet of dure.
Senses: examples: text: The principal reason is that, in competition with modern road vehicles running over motorways, B.R. has a dour struggle to match the performance of its rivals cost-wise.
ref: 1961 October, “Editorial: The importance of the "Roadrailer"”, in Trains Illustrated, page 577:
text: I was reminded of the dour priests and salesmen of the nineteenth century who believed that the plebs wouldn’t be able to handle getting the vote, or a decent wage, or, least of all, leisure, and who backed the seventy-hour workweek as an efficacious instrument in the fight against liquor.
ref: 2017, chapter 6, in Elizabeth Manton, transl., Utopia for Realists, Kindle edition, Bloomsbury Publishing, translation of Gratis geld voor iedereen by Rutger Bregman, page 149:
text: Hayek had contributed the foreword, in which he declared that “he got so fascinated” by the book—high praise from the dour Viennese sage—that he read it from start to finish in one sitting.
ref: 2022, Gary Gerstle, chapter 4, in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order […] , New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, Part II. The Neoliberal Order, 1970–2020:
text: Tuchel arrived in Belgrade insisting England were ready to improve and show their quality after the dour victories that have characterised their World Cup qualification campaign.
ref: 2025 September 9, Phil McNulty, “Serbia 0-5 England”, in BBC Sport:
synonyms: forbidding
harsh
severe
stern
glosses: Stern, harsh and forbidding.
synonyms: stubborn
glosses: Unyielding and obstinate.
synonyms: dejected
gloomy
melancholic
sullen
glosses: Expressing gloom or melancholy.
Derived terms: dourly
dourness
dour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʊə/
ipa: /ˈdaʊə/
ipa: /ˈdʊ˞/
ipa: /ˈdaʊɚ/
ipa: /ˈdaʊ.ɚ/
ipa: /ˈdur/
rhymes: -aʊə(ɹ)
rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)
homophone: Daur
homophone: doer
homophone: door
homophone: dower (depending on speaker) The traditional Scottish pronunciation of this originally Scottish word is doer.
Forms: form: dours
Senses: examples: text: The detachment that went out the day before yesterday on a dour have not returned: the party consisted of 200 Highlanders and 100 Sikhs, also twenty horsemen.
ref: 1857, Allen's Indian Mail and Register of Intelligence, page 545:
glosses: Alternative form of daur.
prime factor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: prime factors
Senses: examples: text: Hence, the prime factors of 100 are 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, and 1 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 = 100. From the above illustration, we derive the following rule for finding all the prime factors of any composite number.
ref: 1847, James Robinson, The American Arithmetic, John P. Jewett & Co., page 91:
text: Theorem 5.5 Dickman's Theorem. The probability of a number N chosen at random having a prime factor between N#92;alpha and N#123;#92;alpha(1#43;#92;delta)#125; is approximately #61;#92;delta, independent of the magnitude of #92;alpha, if #92;delta is small.
ref: 1994, Hans Riesel, Prime Numbers and Computer Methods for Factorization, Springer, page 161:
text: If any subset of the set of prime factors of a be taken, then the product of the elements of this subset is a factor of a.
For example, 12 is a factor of 60 and the set of prime factors of 12 is {2, 2, 3}, which is a subset of {2, 2, 3, 5}, which is the set of prime factors of 60.
ref: 2003, Gary R. Jensen, Arithmetic for Teachers: With Applications and Topics from Geometry, American Mathematical Society, page 180:
topics: mathematics
number-theory
sciences
glosses: A factor of a given integer which is also a prime number.
examples: text: It became apparent to me that Mr. Genthner's open profession of being gay was the prime factor in his conviction and sentencing.
ref: 1989 February 12, anonymous author, “Innocent Man In Prison Because He Is Gay”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 30, page 5:
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see prime, factor.
prime factor
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: prime factors
form: prime factoring
form: prime factored
form: prime factored
Senses: examples: text: Any composite number can be prime factored; that is, it can be written as a product of prime numbers (excluding 1) in one and only one way.[…]When prime factoring numbers, it is standard to rearrange the factors so that the numbers are in increasing order.
ref: 2004, Fred N. Grayson, CliffsTestPrep Military Flight Aptitude Tests, Wiley, page 39:
text: For example, the number 30, which is not prime, can be prime factored as 2 x 3 x 5.
ref: 2008, Phil Pine, Peterson's Master the SAT 2009, page 322:
text: Another variation of the technique for changing radicals to simplest form is to prime factor the radicand and then to look for perfect squares in exponential form.
ref: 2009, Jerome E. Kaufmann, Karen L. Schwitters, Elementary Algebra, 9th edition, Cengage Learning, page 386:
glosses: To reduce an integer to its set of prime factors.
Related terms: prime factorization
factorization
prime decomposition
prime element
prime number
unique factorization ring
logophile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: logophiles
Etymology: From logo- + -phile.
Senses: synonyms: lexophile
word lover
;
wordie
antonyms: logophobe
hypernyms: linguaphile
glosses: One who loves words; a word buff.
Related terms: logophilia
logophilic
philologist
philology