cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
monument
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑnjʊmənt/
ipa: /ˈmɑnjəmənt/
ipa: /ˈmɒnjʊmənt/
Forms: form: monuments
Etymology: From Middle English monument, from Old French monument, from Latin monumentum (“memorial”), from monēre (“to remind”).
Senses: examples: text: There is a monument on the town green to the soldiers who died in World War I.
glosses: A structure built for commemorative or symbolic reasons, or as a memorial; a commemoration.
glosses: An important site owned by the community as a whole.
glosses: a registered archaeological site or other structure, deemed historic or otherwise worthy of protection.
examples: text: The cab pulled up in front of a tumbledown cheap ‘villa’ in an unfinished cheap neighbourhood, — the whole place a living monument of the defeat of the speculative builder.
ref: 1897, Richard Marsh, The Beetle:
text: The line became a monument to his drive and imagination — and a hard training course for the future chief of the Great Central.
ref: 1961 October, “Talking of Trains: Last of the M.S.W.J.R.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 586:
glosses: A sign of exceptional achievement.
glosses: An important burial vault or tomb.
glosses: Any grave marker.
glosses: A legal document.
glosses: A surveying reference point marked by a permanently fixed marker (a survey monument).
glosses: A pile of stones left by a prospector to claim ownership of ore etc. found in a mine.
topics: geography
natural-sciences
surveying
glosses: A natural or artificial object used as a reference point.
examples: text: This linguistic fragment, rough as it may appear, is of the highest interest; for it is the first written monument of the French language, eleven hundred years old.
ref: 1896, Auguste Brachet, Paget Toynbee, A Historical Grammar of the French Language (Clarendon Press series), Clarendon Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 15:
text: Czech was long used as a written language also by the Slovaks; the earliest existing Slovak monument is the Žilina Town Book from the late 15ᵗʰ century
ref: 2018 June 11, Jared Klein, Brian Joseph, Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK]), Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN, →OCLC:
glosses: A surviving record.
topics: cycling
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Alternative spelling of Monument (“prestigious one-day race”).
Hyponyms: cenotaph
headstone
obelisk
vault
Derived terms: ancient monument
megamonument
Monument Hills
monumentless
monumentlike
monumentous
monument plant
monument sign
Monument Valley
national monument
natural monument
remonumentation
survey monument
Related terms: monumental
monumentally
monument
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑnjʊmənt/
ipa: /ˈmɑnjəmənt/
ipa: /ˈmɒnjʊmənt/
Forms: form: monuments
form: monumenting
form: monumented
form: monumented
Etymology: From Middle English monument, from Old French monument, from Latin monumentum (“memorial”), from monēre (“to remind”).
Senses: glosses: To mark or memorialize with a monument.
examples: text: Enter the year the marker was monumented. If the year cannot be determined , enter " UNK " .
ref: 1985, Input Formats and Specifications of the National Geodetic Survey Data Base, pages 3-8:
text: Having chosen and monumented the initial point, the surveyor established the "principal meridian" by traversing north and south from the initial point.
ref: 2009, Stephen V. Estopinal, A Guide to Understanding Land Surveys, page 91:
text: The first-order network is usually monumented on the roofs of buildings; ground stations are used only in suburban districts.
ref: 2012, T. J. Blachut, A. Chrzanowski, J. H. Saastamoinen, Urban Surveying and Mapping, page 69:
glosses: To place a surveyor's monument at.
lean-to
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈliːnˌtuː/
Forms: form: lean-tos
form: leanto
Etymology: First attested 1461.
Senses: examples: text: Now we was in the lean-to, and heard trampings close by outside. So we crept to the door, and Tom stopped us there and put his eye to the crack, but couldn't make out nothing, it was so dark
ref: 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:
text: His shirt, an ordinary Crimean flannel, was exquisitely clean, and outside the "lean-to" another was drying on a bush.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 161:
text: Philander went into the next room, which was just a lean-to hitched on to the end of the shanty, and came back with a salt mackerel that dripped brine like a rainstorm. Then he put the coffee pot on the stove and rummaged out a loaf of dry bread and some hardtack.
ref: 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
glosses: A shelter with a sloped roof; also a building with a similar construction attached to the side of a building as an extension.
Derived terms: Adirondack lean-to
negatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɛɡəˌtɔɹi/
ipa: /ˈnɛɡət(ə)ɹi/
Etymology: From Medieval Latin negātōrius (possibly via Middle French negatoire), from Latin negātus.
Senses: examples: text: negatory prefix
text: No negative Words are necessary here, because the qualifying Words will be absolutely negatory, if they do not imply an Exclusion of the superior Courts.
ref: 1768, Lord Chief Baron Parker, A Report of the Proceedings, Particularly on the Commission in Error, in the Cause of, Thomas Harrison, … against John Alexander…, pages 198–199:
text: In any case, a negatory action may be brought only for a single instance of violation.
ref: 2011, Wolfgang Faber, Brigitta Lurger, Acquisition and Loss of Ownership of Goods, page 1244:
glosses: Negative, negating.
negatory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɛɡəˌtɔɹi/
ipa: /ˈnɛɡət(ə)ɹi/
Etymology: From Medieval Latin negātōrius (possibly via Middle French negatoire), from Latin negātus.
Senses: examples: text: Ah, you wanna give me a 10-9 on that, Pig Pen?
Negatory, Pig Pen, you're still too close.
Yeah, them hogs is startin' to close up my sinuses.
Mercy sake's, you better back off another ten.
ref: 1975, “Convoy”, in C.W. McCall, Chip Davis (lyrics), Black Bear Road, performed by C. W. McCall:
text: Dolores... was asking if he had crossed the Penobscot River in Medway yet. "That's a negatory on that one, Darlin'."
ref: 1991, Rick Hautala, Cold Whisper, page 421:
topics: government
military
politics
war
qualifier: CB slang
glosses: No.
Related terms: negate
negator
cay
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kiː/
ipa: /keɪ/
rhymes: -iː
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: cays
form: cayes
form: key
Etymology: ]
From Spanish cayo, from Taíno.
Senses: glosses: A small, low island largely made of sand or coral.
Derived terms: Bellamy Cay
Big Ambergris Cay
Big Cay
Cas Cay
Cinnamon Cay
Congo Cay
Cotton Cay
Dellis Cay
Diamond Cay
Dragon Cay
Elbow Cay
Fort George Cay
French Cay
Frenchman's Cay
Gibbs Cay
Grass Cay
Green Cay
Henley Cay
Hope Cay
Joe Grant Cay
Kalkun Cay
Little Ambergris Cay
Little Cay
Long Cay
Lovango Cay
Mangrove Cay
Marina Cay
McCartney Cay
Mingo Cay
Nanny Cay
Parrot Cay
Pine Cay
Plandon Cay
Protestant Cay
Ramgoat Cay
Round Cay
Salt Cay
Sandy Cay
Scilly Cay
Silly Cay
Steven Cay
Thatch Cay
Trunk Cay
Turtledove Cay
Water Cay
Waterlemon Cay
Whistling Cay
Related terms: isle
islet
island
cay
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kiː/
ipa: /keɪ/
rhymes: -iː
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: cays
Etymology: See quay.
Senses: examples: text: But (by your leave) I had a hard welcome in my landing, for bidding farewell to the Turkes, who had kindly used me three dayes, in our passage from the Castles, the Master of the boate saying adio Christiano: There were foure French Runnagates standing on the Cay; who hearing these words, fell desperatly upon me blaspheming the Name of Jesus, and throwing me to the ground, beate me most cruelly: […]
ref: 1640, William Lithgow, The Totall Discourse, of the rare Adventures, and painefull Peregrinations of long nineteene yeares Travailes […], page 130:
text: But to return to our Enemies: being disembarked, they began to form a Squadron of 1500. men upon the Cay, which was nearest to the Town; […]
ref: 1666, A Relation of the Defeating Card. Mazarine & Oliv. Cromwel’s Design […], page 128:
glosses: Obsolete spelling of quay (“structure for loading vessels”).
Related terms: vay-cay
jury-rig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒʊə.ɹi ɹɪɡ/
ipa: /ˈdʒʊɹ.i ɹɪɡ/
ipa: /ˈdʒɛɹ.i ɹɪɡ/
Forms: form: jury-rigs
form: jury-rigging
form: jury-rigged
form: jury-rigged
form: jury rig
Etymology: From jury (“for temporary use, makeshift”, adjective) + rig. Likely modelled after jury-mast.
The phrase 'jury-rigged' has been in use since at least 1788. The adjectival use of 'jury', in the sense of makeshift or temporary, has been said to date from at least 1616, when according to the 1933 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary|Oxford Dictionary of the English Language, it appeared in John Smith's A Description of New England. It appeared in Smith's more extensive The General History of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles published in 1624.
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To build an improvised rigging or assembly from whichever materials are available.
examples: text: Tech behemoths are jury-rigging AI features into their products to avoid being disrupted—but these rollouts, and Apple’s in particular, have been disastrous, giving dangerous health advice, butchering news summaries, and generally crowding and slowing user experiences.
ref: 2025 May 22, Matteo Wong, “OpenAI’s Ambitions Just Became Crystal Clear”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: To create a makeshift, ad hoc solution from resources at hand.
Synonyms: word: jerry-rig
word: kludge out
word: MacGyver
word: nigger-rig
Derived terms: jury-rigged
Related terms: cobble together
knock together
jury-rig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒʊə.ɹi ɹɪɡ/
ipa: /ˈdʒʊɹ.i ɹɪɡ/
ipa: /ˈdʒɛɹ.i ɹɪɡ/
Forms: form: jury-rigs
form: jury rig
Etymology: From jury (“for temporary use, makeshift”, adjective) + rig. Likely modelled after jury-mast.
The phrase 'jury-rigged' has been in use since at least 1788. The adjectival use of 'jury', in the sense of makeshift or temporary, has been said to date from at least 1616, when according to the 1933 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary|Oxford Dictionary of the English Language, it appeared in John Smith's A Description of New England. It appeared in Smith's more extensive The General History of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles published in 1624.
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: An improvised rigging.
Related terms: MacGyver
hack
jury-rig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒʊə.ɹi ɹɪɡ/
ipa: /ˈdʒʊɹ.i ɹɪɡ/
ipa: /ˈdʒɛɹ.i ɹɪɡ/
Forms: form: jury-rigs
form: jury-rigging
form: jury-rigged
form: jury-rigged
form: jury rig
Etymology: See jury, rig.
Senses: glosses: To rig a jury; to engage in jury tampering, to improperly influence jurors, or the selection of jurors, such that they deliver a certain verdict.
Derived terms: jury rigging
jury-rigged
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of jury-rig
jury-rigged
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more jury-rigged
form: most jury-rigged
Senses: glosses: Improvised from whichever material is available.
Related terms: duck tape
duct tape
jerry-built
jury rig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: jury rigs
form: jury rigging
form: jury rigged
form: jury rigged
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of jury-rig.
jury rig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jury rigs
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of jury-rig.
excerpt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛɡzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ɛɡˈzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ˈɛksɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ˈɛɡzɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ɛɡˈzɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ˈɛksɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ˈeɡzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /eɡˈzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ekˈsɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ˈeksɜː(p)t/
Forms: form: excerpts
Etymology: From Latin excerptus, past participle of excerpere (“to pick out”), from ex (“out”) + carpere (“to pick, pluck”).
Senses: glosses: A clip, snippet, passage or extract from a larger work such as a news article, a film, or a literary composition.
Derived terms: excerpt from police record
excerptive
excerptor
excerpt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛɡzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ɛɡˈzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ˈɛksɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ˈɛɡzɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ɛɡˈzɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ˈɛksɝ(p)t/
ipa: /ˈeɡzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /eɡˈzɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ekˈsɜː(p)t/
ipa: /ˈeksɜː(p)t/
Forms: form: excerpts
form: excerpting
form: excerpted
form: excerpted
Etymology: From Latin excerptus, past participle of excerpere (“to pick out”), from ex (“out”) + carpere (“to pick, pluck”).
Senses: examples: text: out of which we have excerpted the following remarkable particulars
ref: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The History of Waltham Abbey:
glosses: To select or copy sample material (excerpts) from a work.
athodyd
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: athodyds
Etymology: Shortened form of aerothermodynamic duct.
Senses: glosses: A simple jet engine consisting essentially of a tube with a means of delivering fuel and ignition into the tube. The engine can only be started in a fast airflow. This type of engine is expected to be able to provide cruising speeds at Mach numbers of around 5 to 7 (5 to 7 times the speed of sound).
secretariat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɛk.ɹəˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/
ipa: /ˌsɛk.ɹəˈtɛɚ.i.ət/
Forms: form: secretariats
form: secretariate
Etymology: From French secrétariat.
Senses: glosses: The office or department of a government secretary.
topics: Catholicism
Christianity
Roman-Catholicism
glosses: A kind of dicastery within the Roman Curia.
qualifier: chiefly non-native speakers' English
glosses: A subdivision within an organisation or a company that deals with office management and/or administrative tasks such as handling correspondence and telephone calls, scheduling appointments, administering invoices, etc., often attached to specific executives or specific departments
Related terms: secretary
secretariate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: secretariates
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of secretariat.
Katherine
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæθ(ə)ɹɪn/
Forms: form: Kathy
form: Kath
form: Kate
Senses: examples: text: SAVAGE (HENRY) - - - His aim was to appear great in little things, and the gravity with which he discusses the origin, derivation, &c of the name Katherine, whether it should be spelt with a K or a C, at which time the letter k was introduced, and the double l in Balliol, is truly wonderful. - - - By his wife, Lady Mary Sandys, he left issue Henry, Edwin, John, Katherine, and Thomas
ref: 1816, Alexander Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, page 186:
text: During her childhood she was a romanticized Katherine, dressed by her misty-eyed, fussy mother in dresses that looked like ruffled pillowcases. By high school she'd shed the frills and emerged as a bouncy, round-faced Kathy - - - At university she was Kath, blunt and no-bullshit in her Take-Back-the-Night jeans and checked shirt - - - When she ran away to England, she sliced herself down to Kat. It was economical, street-feline, and pointed as a nail.
ref: 1991, Margaret Atwood, Wilderness Tips, →ISBN, page 36:
text: The county’s top prosecutor, Katherine Fernandez Rundle, accused Artiles at a news conference on Thursday afternoon of paying an old friend almost $45,000 to mount a fake candidacy intended to illegally sway the election.
ref: 2021 March 18, Scott Glover, Curt Devine and Audrey Ash, “Former Florida state senator charged in spoiler candidate scheme”, in CNN:
glosses: A female given name from Ancient Greek, a popular spelling variant of Catherine.
glosses: A town and local government area (the Town of Katherine) in the Northern Territory, Australia.
glosses: A river in the Northern Territory, which gave its name to the town.
glosses: A census-designated place in Mohave County, Arizona, United States.
Related terms: Catherine
secretarial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɛk.ɹəˈtɛəɹi.əl/
ipa: /ˌsɛk.ɹəˈtɛɹi.əl/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiəl
Forms: form: more secretarial
form: most secretarial
Etymology: From a Latin-type formation *sēcrētāriālis, from Medieval Latin sēcrētārius + Latin -ālis. By surface analysis, secretary + -al.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to a secretary.
glosses: Connected with a secretary's work.
Synonyms: secretarian
verisimilar
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌvɛɹɪˈsɪmələ/
ipa: /ˌvɛɹɪˈsɪməlɚ/
ipa: /ˌvɛɹəˈsɪməlɚ/
Forms: form: more verisimilar
form: most verisimilar
Etymology: From Latin vērisimilis, prop. vērī similis (“having the appearance of truth”), from vērī (genitive of vērus (“true”)) + similis (“like, similar”); see very and similar.
Senses: examples: text: Joyce's objection was founded in [...] a reaction to the doggedly linear, heavily patterned artifice of the nineteenth-century novel, the verisimilar credentials of which existed – so, at any rate, the argument runs – in inverse proportion to the conventionality of its narrative style.
ref: 2012, Matthew Adams, “Losing It”, in Literary Review, section 401:
glosses: Appearing to be true or real; probable; likely.
topics: fiction
literature
media
publishing
glosses: Faithful to its own rules; internally consistent.
Related terms: verisimilitude
verisimilarity
verisimilitudinous
verisimilous
terra-cotta
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: terra-cottas
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of terracotta.
terra-cotta
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: We began the trip at the ancient capital of Xi'an, where the Chinese put on an elaborate and beautiful welcoming ceremony. The next day we had the opportunity to walk among the rows of the famous terra-cotta warriors, and to have a roundtable discussion with Chinese citizens in the small village of Xiahe.
ref: 2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 434:
glosses: Alternative form of terracotta.
timberwolf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: timberwolves
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of timber wolf.
titian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪʃən/
rhymes: -ɪʃən
Forms: form: titians
Etymology: Named after Titian (Italian Tiziano), the Italian painter who made frequent use of this colour.
Senses: glosses: A bright auburn colour, tinted with gold.
titian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪʃən/
rhymes: -ɪʃən
Forms: form: more titian
form: most titian
Etymology: Named after Titian (Italian Tiziano), the Italian painter who made frequent use of this colour.
Senses: glosses: Of a bright auburn colour, tinted with gold, especially in reference to hair.
agita
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈæ.d͡ʒɪ.tə/
Etymology: From Italian (southern dialectal pronunciation of) acido (“acid, heartburn”). The non-medical sense, upset of the mind rather than the stomach, developed under the influence of agitation. Doublet of acid.
Senses: glosses: dyspepsia
examples: text: Why should any of the products of culture matter when the current political moment is rife with agita and rage, precluding progress or even respectful discussion?
ref: 2020, Susan E. Kirtley, editor, With Great Power Comes Great Pedagogy: Teaching, Learning, and Comics:
glosses: mental aggravation; annoyance
septic shock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: A life-threatening condition caused by infection and sepsis, often after surgery or trauma.
QA/QC
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of quality assurance/quality control (“various process management procedures employed to preserve and enhance the quality of products or services”).
breathtaking
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹɛθˌteɪ.kɪŋ/
Forms: form: more breathtaking
form: most breathtaking
Etymology: From breath + taking.
Senses: examples: text: He went to the Grand Canyon and spent a week taking in the breathtaking scenery all around him.
text: One day this old gentleman took me for a tour of the incomparable snowscapes in Chung Nan Hai Park.* Arrayed along the eastern shore of Chung Nan Lake stood a row of linked pavilions that seemed to be floating on the surface of the water. That day, strands of snowflakes sparkled like gems where they had collected between the humps of the enameled roof tiles. The breathtaking beauty of this vista made my soul turn somersaults.
ref: 2008 [1990], John Blofeld, “The Place I Love Most of All—Peking”, in Daniel Reid, transl., My Journey in Mystic China: Old Pu's Travel Diary, Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 65–66:
glosses: stunningly beautiful; amazing
examples: text: breathtaking stupidity or rudeness
text: The network was established with breathtaking speed in the 1840s, when more than 250,000 navvies were furiously building our railways.
ref: 2019 December 18, Nigel Harris, “180 years of tragedy and progress”, in Rail, page 62:
glosses: Very surprising or shocking; to such a degree as to cause astonishment.
Derived terms: breathtakingly
breathtakingness
honky-tonk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɒŋkiˌtɒŋk/
ipa: /ˈhɑŋkiˌtɑŋk/
Forms: form: honky-tonks
form: honky tonk
form: honkytonk
Etymology: From honk-a-tonk (“a cheap nightclub”), possibly imitative.
Senses: examples: text: But I made a vow to the moon and stars / That I'd search the honky-tonks and bars / And kill that man who gave me that awful name
ref: 1969, Shel Silverstein, “A Boy Named Sue”, performed by Johnny Cash:
text: Talking 'bout in Mexico (Mexico) / In a honky-tonk down in Mexico
ref: 1975, James Taylor, “Mexico”, in Gorilla, →OCLC:
text: New honky-tonks have been popping up across the nation, even in blue states.
ref: 2025 May 5, Spencer Kornhaber, “Is This the Worst-Ever Era of American Pop Culture?”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:
glosses: A bar or nightclub that caters to Southern patrons and provides country music for entertainment.
glosses: Any cheap nightclub.
glosses: The type of music typically played in such a club.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A style of country music emphasizing traditional country instruments (e.g., guitar, steel guitar and fiddle); a rough, nasal vocal style; and tragic themes such as heartbreak, infidelity and alcoholism often associated with patrons of honky-tonks.
Derived terms: honky tonk-like
honky-tonker
honky-tonk
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɒŋkiˌtɒŋk/
ipa: /ˈhɑŋkiˌtɑŋk/
Forms: form: more honky-tonk
form: most honky-tonk
form: honky tonk
form: honkytonk
Etymology: From honk-a-tonk (“a cheap nightclub”), possibly imitative.
Senses: examples: text: There is a method for creating the 'Honky-Tonk' effect via tuning. However, there is no agreement about exactly how it should be accomplished. One point of agreement is that the effect is created by shifting the pitch of one string per note in the entire tri-chord section by 2-5 Hz, which causes a very noticeable 'twanging' sound.
ref: 2001 April 28, John A. Tuttle, “Tuning the Piano for "That Honky-Tonk Sound"”, in Mechanical Music Digest Archives:
text: In the Lost and Found (honky Bach): The beginning of the song, which seems to be played on a tiny toy-piano delivering a piercing honky-tonk sound, surprised everybody and made critics cringe (Pitchfork hated it), although it gives an upbeat feeling to the song which progressively evolves into a bigger and more symphonic sound in the middle, then crashes into a guitar loop (‘the roost’) which serves as a transition for the next song.
ref: 2010, Alyson Camus, “Elliott Smith Reviews Reposted”, in Rock NYC:
text: The freebie piano bundle features Yamaha, Steinway and Baldwin pianos, with an additional prepared piano sample library, an intimate piano sample pack, and a honky-tonk piano instrument library.
ref: 2014 March 11, Tomislav Zlatic, “Free Piano Collection For NI Kontakt 5 Released By Bigcat Instruments”, in Bedroom Producers Blog:
synonyms: honky tonk-like
glosses: Having a timbre or tone that is tinny or nasal, said especially of a honky-tonk piano.
raw_tags: of sound
Related terms: honky
honky tonk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: honky tonks
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of honky-tonk.
honkytonk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: honkytonks
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of honky-tonk.
jubilate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒuːbɪleɪt/
Forms: form: jubilates
form: jubilating
form: jubilated
form: jubilated
Etymology: Either a back-formation from jubilation, or borrowed from Latin iūbilātus, perfect passive participle of iubilō (“to shout for joy”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: glosses: To show elation or triumph; to rejoice.
jubilate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒuːbɪleɪt/
Forms: form: jubilates
Etymology: Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin jūbilāte (“rejoice!, shout ye!”), second-person plural present active imperative of jūbilō, the first word of the psalm in Latin.
Senses: topics: Christianity
glosses: the hundredth psalm (ninety-ninth in the Vulgate); the music to which it is set.
examples: text: They […] would ſpeedily be with us in a joint jubilate on the banks of the Avon.
ref: 1769, [Henry] Brooke, “XVII [The Three Estates in Parliament.]”, in The Fool of Quality; or, The History of Henry Earl of Moreland, volume III:
glosses: A call to rejoice, outburst of joyous triumph.
Related terms: Miserere
hallucinate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /həˈl(j)uːsɪneɪt/
Forms: form: hallucinates
form: hallucinating
form: hallucinated
form: hallucinated
Etymology: First attested in 1604; borrowed from Latin hallūcinātus, alternative form of alūcinātus, perfect active participle of alucinor (“to dream”); see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: synonyms: imagine
see things
glosses: To seem to perceive things (with one or more of one's senses) which are not really present; to have visions; to experience a hallucination.
examples: text: In case you were wondering, the yahoo url above doesn’t actually exist, the model just hallucinated it.
ref: 2015 May 21, Andrej Karpathy, “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks”, in Andrej Karpathy blog:
text: Despite maintaining plausible general linguistic capabilities, dialogue models are still unable to fully discern facts and may instead hallucinate factually invalid information.
ref: 2021 September 14, Nouha Dziri, Andrea Madotto, Osmar Zaiane, Avishek Joey Bose, “Neural Path Hunter: Reducing Hallucination in Dialogue Systems via Path Grounding”, in arXiv:2104.08455 [cs], →DOI:
text: Rankin sanctioned Ayala $3,000 and kicked him off the lawsuit after the lawyer admitted incorporating the hallucinated AI-generated cases in the brief. Morgan and Goody were sanctioned $1,000 each.
ref: 2025 February 10, Debra Cassens Weiss, “No. 42 law firm by head count sanctioned over fake case citations generated by AI”, in ABA Journal:
qualifier: artificial intelligence
glosses: To produce information that is not supported by the model's training data.
raw_tags: of a model
Derived terms: hallucinatingly
hallucination
hallucinative
hallucinator
hallucinatory
nonhallucinated
nonhallucinating
Related terms: hallucinant
hallucinaut
hallucinogen
hallucinogenic
hallucinosis
haplology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hæˈplɒləd͡ʒi/
rhymes: -ɒlədʒi
Forms: form: haplologies
form: haplogy
Etymology: From haplo- + -logy.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonology
sciences
hypernyms: syncope
glosses: The process of deleting one of two almost identical syllables within a word.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonology
sciences
hypernyms: syncope
glosses: An instance of said process.
Derived terms: haplologic
haplological
haplologize
Related terms: glossary entry on haplology
brain surgery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: brain surgeries
Senses: glosses: Surgery on any part of the nervous system, especially the brain; neurosurgery.
examples: text: It's not brain surgery. Just screw in the bulb and flip the switch.
synonyms: rocket science
glosses: Something that is overly complex, detailed or confusing.
raw_tags: in the negative
Synonyms: sense: something complex and confusing
word: rocket science
Derived terms: rocket surgery
chiack
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃaijæk/
ipa: /t͡ʃaijæk/
Forms: form: chiacks
form: chiacking
form: chiacked
form: chiacked
form: chyack
Etymology: From chi-ike.
Senses: examples: text: Jack soon learnt that it was not politic to attack big snakes, which included the adult black, brown, and the death-ader, though he might "chiack" them to his heart's content.
ref: 1912 March 1, Edward S. Sorenson, “The Biography of a Kookaburra”, in The Lone Hand, volume 10, page 366:
text: They were cheerful enough, liked a bit of chiacking, and the women enjoyed the bawdy undertones of their jokes.
ref: 1987, Sheila Anderson, “End of the Season”, in Anna Gibbs, Alison Tilson, editors, Frictions, An Anthology of Fiction by Women, page 45:
text: Will you look at us by the river! The whole restless mob of us on spread blankets in the dreamy briny sunshine skylarking and chiacking about for one day, one clear, clean, sweet day in a good world in the midst of our living.
ref: 1991, Tim Winton, 'Cloudstreet', Picador UK Paperback edition 1992 (Chapter 1, at page 1: the book's opening lines)
text: Most poignantly of all, though, when I get fed up with working alone, I remember Victorian high school staffrooms of the sixties and seventies: the rigid hierarchy with its irritations, but also the chiacking, the squabbles, the timely advice from some old stager with a fag drooping off his lip.
ref: 2008, Helen Garner, “The Art of the Dumb Question”, in True Stories: Selected Non-Fiction, page 13:
text: We believed Melbourne′s two most extraordinary institutions were those of chiacking – taking the piss – and larrikinism. Although the latter would develop derogatory connotations, and chiacking was already beginning to die a slow death, sometimes perceived as offensive in its more alcoholic forms, especially by the women in our group.
ref: 2008, Graeme Blundell, The Naked Truth: A Life in Parts, published 2011, unnumbered page:
glosses: To taunt or tease.
Synonyms: hound
taunt
jeer
chiack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃaijæk/
ipa: /t͡ʃaijæk/
Forms: form: chyack
Etymology: From chi-ike.
Senses: examples: text: Indeed, the man was less brute than boor; he also spoke the truth. He had not seriously exceeded the limits of legitimate “chiack.”
ref: 1900 May, E. W. Hornung, “The Jackeroo on G-Block”, in The Strand Magazine, volume 19, number 113, page 368:
text: I felt as if I couldn't go that fur, An' start to sling off chiack like I used...
ref: 1915, C.J. Dennis, The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke, page 16:
text: It was, Janet thought, a symbol of male religion: there they all were, yappings stilled as they attended League mass, quaffing their communion Tooheys, joining in the votive prayers of groan, chiack, cheer.
ref: 1999, Thea Astley, Drylands:
text: Dennis captured the speech rhythms and humour of ordinary Australians, their gift of 'chiack', and their deflection of adversity with a ready joke.
ref: 2004, Eugene Benson, L.W. Conolly, Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English:
text: I took some chiack from the drivers: Was that the schottische you was dancing on them logs?
ref: 2007, Les A. Murray, Fredy Neptune, page 76:
glosses: Taunting or teasing.
referent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛf(ə)ɹənt/
ipa: /ˈɹɛfəɹənt/
Forms: form: referents
Etymology: From refer + -ent.
Senses: examples: For quotations using this term, see Citations:referent.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
semantics
glosses: The specific entity in the world that a word or phrase identifies or denotes: what it refers to.
glosses: That which is referenced.
Derived terms: absent referent
Related terms: refer
reference
referential
referral
referrer
antecedent
tow-colored
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of a pale yellow colour, like that of flax.
Related terms: towhead
spense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spenses
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of spence.
Related terms: spenser
Spenser
Turkey red
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Turkey reds
Etymology: From the origin of the red dye in the Ottoman Empire ("Turkey").
Senses: glosses: A durable red dye originally obtained from madder and later prepared chemically.
glosses: A vibrant shade of red similar to the dye.
Synonyms: Turkey
Turkey color
Related terms: Turkey blue
Turkey red
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Turkey red
form: most Turkey red
Etymology: From the origin of the red dye in the Ottoman Empire ("Turkey").
Senses: glosses: Dyed with Turkey red.
glosses: Coloured Turkey red or (inexact) a similarly vibrant red.
Synonyms: Turkey
Turkey color
colored
Related terms: Turkey blue
affricate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kət/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹə.kət/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/
note: Indic
ipa: /əfːrɪˈkeʈ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈafrɪkeʈ/
Forms: form: affricates
Etymology: From Latin affricātus.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
synonyms: affricative
hypernyms: obstruent
glosses: A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative.
Derived terms: nonaffricate
Related terms: friction
affricate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kət/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹə.kət/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/
ipa: /ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/
note: Indic
ipa: /əfːrɪˈkeʈ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈafrɪkeʈ/
Forms: form: affricates
form: affricating
form: affricated
form: affricated
Etymology: From Latin affricātus.
Senses: glosses: To produce (a plosive) as an affricate.
Derived terms: affrication
affricatize
unaffricated
denier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dənyā'
enpr: dənî(r)'
ipa: /dəˈnɪə(ɹ)/
note: r
enpr: dĕn'yə
ipa: /ˈdɛnɪə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈdɛnɪeɪ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: deniers
Etymology: From Old French denier, from Latin dēnārius. Doublet of denar, denarius, dinar, diner, dinero, and dinheiro.
Senses: examples: text: A bronze denier bearing the inscription CONRADUS around a central cross, was minted in Lugdunum.
ref: 2011, Norman Davies, Vanished Kingdoms, Penguin, published 2012, page 117:
glosses: An old French coin worth one-twelfth of a sou.
examples: text: Upstairs she rummaged through her chest of drawers, finally unearthing an unopened pack of ten denier barely blacks.
ref: 2002, Jill Mansell, Staying at Daisy's:
glosses: A unit of linear density which indicates the fineness of fiber or yarn, equal to one gram per 9000 meters, used especially to measure or indicate the fineness of hosiery. Originally equal to the weight of a denier coin per 9600 aunes.
Related terms: tex
denier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dənyā'
enpr: dənî(r)'
ipa: /dəˈnɪə(ɹ)/
note: r
enpr: dĕn'yə
ipa: /ˈdɛnɪə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈdɛnɪeɪ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
note: r
enpr: dĭnī'ə
ipa: /dɪˈnaɪə(ɹ)/
enpr: dənyā'
enpr: dənî(r)'
ipa: /dəˈnɪə(ɹ)/
note: r
enpr: dĕn'yə
ipa: /ˈdɛnɪə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈdɛnɪeɪ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: deniers
Etymology: From deny + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Also, visitation deniers don't always get off with a slap on the wrist.
ref: 2003, ABA Journal, volume 89:
glosses: One who denies or forbids something.
examples: text: Holocaust denier
text: global warming denier
text: AIDS denier
text: These are all false and misleading statements taken from a handful of thousands of YouTube videos analyzed by the nonprofit Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH), which has identified a stark change in the tactics of climate deniers over the past few years.
ref: 2024 January 16, Rachel Ramirez, “What is ‘new denial?’ An alarming wave of climate misinformation is spreading on YouTube, watchdog says”, in CNN:
text: “Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. is not an environmentalist. He is a dangerous conspiracy theorist and science denier whose agenda would be a disaster for our communities and the planet,” the letter reads.
ref: 2024 April 19, Aaron Pellish, “RFK Jr.’s onetime allies in environmental advocacy call for him to drop out”, in CNN:
glosses: One who denies the existence of something.
Derived terms: climate denier
self-denier
Related terms: denialism
denialist
Venetian red
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Venetian reds
Senses: glosses: A brownish red colour.
glosses: A pigment producing this colour, derived from nearly pure ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) of the hematite type. jeweller's rouge.
Venetian red
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Venetian red
form: most Venetian red
Senses: glosses: Of a brownish red colour.
violet red
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: violet reds
Senses: glosses: A deep purplish pink colour, like that of some violets.
violet red
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of a deep purplish pink colour, like that of some violets.
wheaten
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwiːtən/
note: without the wine–whine merger
ipa: /ˈʍiːtən/
rhymes: -iːtən
Forms: form: more wheaten
form: most wheaten
Etymology: From Middle English wheten, from Old English hwǣten (“wheaten”); equivalent to wheat + -en.
Senses: examples: text: wheaten bread
text: wheaten flour
text: Then, too, it should be remembered that large quantities of wheaten flour and other preparations of wheat reach this country from abroad.
ref: 1880, Arthur Herbert Church, Food: Some Account of Its Sources, Constituents and Uses, London: Chapman and Hall, page 60:
glosses: Of, pertaining to, or made from wheat.
glosses: Of a pale yellow-beige colour, like that of wheat.
Derived terms: wheaten terrier
wheaten
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwiːtən/
note: without the wine–whine merger
ipa: /ˈʍiːtən/
rhymes: -iːtən
Etymology: From Middle English wheten, from Old English hwǣten (“wheaten”); equivalent to wheat + -en.
Senses: glosses: A pale yellow or beige colour, like that of wheat.
Related terms: Wheatish
morpho-syntax
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From morpho- + syntax.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of morphosyntax.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Grammar.
ditransitive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From di- + transitive.
Senses: examples: text: So far, we have considered only transitive Verbs which take a single NP Complement. However, there are a subset of transitive Verbs (known as ditransitive Verbs) which can take two NP Complements, as illustrated in (16) below (where the NP Complements are bracketed):
 (16) (a) John gave [Mary] [a present]
 (16) (b) The postman handed [me] [a parcel]
 (16) (c) He showed [her] [his credentials]
 (16) (d) He sent [his mother] [some flowers]
 (16) (e) Never promise [anyone] [anything]
 The relevant subcategorisation frame for Verbs used in this construction will be [— NP NP], indicating that they can take two NP Complements.
ref: 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 7, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 344:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Of a class of verbs which take both a direct and an indirect object. An example is 'give', which entails a giver (subject), a gift (direct object) and a receiver (indirect object).
Synonyms: doubly transitive
Hypernyms: transitive
Derived terms: ditransitively
ditransitivity
Related terms: ambitransitive
intransitive
transitive
ditransitive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ditransitives
Etymology: From di- + transitive.
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A verb that takes both an object and an indirect object.
xanthic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈzænθɪk/
Etymology: From xanth- + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of a yellowish colour.
Derived terms: hydroxanthic
xanthic acid
ditransitive verb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ditransitive verbs
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A verb that requires (in the unmarked form) both a direct object and an indirect object so as to be grammatical.
grammatical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: grəmăt'ĭkəl
ipa: /ɡɹəˈmætɪkəl/
note: Indic
ipa: /ɡrəˈmaʈɪkəl/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈɡraməʈɪkəl/
Forms: form: more grammatical
form: most grammatical
Etymology: From Middle French grammatical, from Latin grammaticālis.
Senses: examples: text: Your writing in English is not grammatical enough for publication, so we will hire an editor to fix it where necessary while preserving the intended meaning.
text: These unidiomatic utterances are easily comprehensible but are not grammatical.
synonyms: grammatic
antonyms: ungrammatical
agrammatical
ungrammatic
coordinate_terms: idiomatic
glosses: Not breaching any constraints of the grammar, or morpho-syntax, of the relevant language.
examples: text: The writing was measured for both grammatical complexity and accuracy factors.
synonyms: grammatic
glosses: Of or pertaining to grammar.
Derived terms: antegrammatical
antigrammatical
cryptogrammatical
grammatical alternation
grammatical aspect
grammatical case
grammatical category
grammatical gender
grammaticality
grammaticalization
grammaticalize
grammatically
grammatical mood
grammaticalness
grammatical person
grammatical word
historical-grammatical
historico-grammatical
hypergrammatical
lexicogrammatical
metagrammatical
neogrammatical
nongrammatical
paragrammatical
subgrammatical
ungrammatical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more ungrammatical
form: most ungrammatical
Etymology: From un- + grammatical.
Senses: examples: text: My Greek is not the tongue of Homer or Aeschylus but a sloppy ungrammatical sabir lacking Attic salt and tending to a saccharinity which sets my teeth on edge.
ref: 1985, Anthony Burgess, Kingdom of the Wicked:
text: That comment seemed to anger Ingraham, who called James’ view a “barely intelligible, not to mention ungrammatical take on President Trump.”
ref: 2018 February 17, Devan Cole, “LeBron James: ‘I am more than an athlete’”, in CNN:
text: While adopting the pronoun as a nonbinary description is vastly preferable for some, Merriam-Webster says, there has also been some debate that it is ungrammatical.
ref: 2019 September 17, Kendall Trammell, “Merriam-Webster adds the nonbinary pronoun ‘they’ to its dictionary”, in CNN:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: agrammatical
ungrammatic
antonyms: grammatical
glosses: In violation of one or more of the rules and conventions of a language as defined by the grammar, resulting in unacceptable or incorrect usage.
Derived terms: ungrammaticality
ungrammatically
Related terms: ungrammaticalized
succede
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: succedes
form: succeding
form: succeded
form: succeded
Senses: glosses: Dated form of succeed.
snowball's chance in hell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: a snowball's chance in hell
Senses: examples: text: That small boat has a snowball's chance in hell of surviving the hurricane.
text: Trudeau, who this week said there was not “a snowball’s chance in hell” that Canada would become part of the US, reiterated to CNN that Ottawa would impose countermeasures if Trump made good on this threat.
ref: 2025 January 9, Justin Trudeau, quotee, “Trudeau: Trump threatened to annex Canada to distract from tariffs impact”, in The Guardian, sourced from Reuters, →ISSN:
synonyms: snowball's chance
snowball's chance in an oven
glosses: Almost no chance at all of an occurrence or success.
Related terms: snowball in hell
a cat in hell's chance
a cold day in Hell
a snowflake's chance in hell
Chinaman's chance
Chinaman's chance in hell
first of never
snowball's chance in heck
when Hell freezes over
when pigs fly
roll out the red carpet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: rolls out the red carpet
form: rolling out the red carpet
form: rolled out the red carpet
form: rolled out the red carpet
Senses: examples: text: The mayor of the little town rolled out the red carpet for new businesses by calling on them personally.
glosses: To extend the utmost hospitality; to treat someone as an honored guest; to welcome or host, especially in a showy or extravagant manner.
link doping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The practice of embedding a large number of hyperlinks on a website in exchange for return links, intended to inflate the apparent popularity of the website.
Occam's razor
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Ockham's razor
Etymology: Named after the English Franciscan theologist William of Occam, an advocate of the law of parsimony, and the idea of a razor as a tool that trims or shaves.
Senses: examples: text: Bugger, bugger, bugger dumb the last of academe / Occam's razor makes the cutting clean / Shaven like a banker, Lilac Vegeta
ref: 2005, “Burning Beard”, performed by Clutch:
topics: epistemology
human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
synonyms: law of parsimony
principle of parsimony
glosses: The principle of preferring the simplest of competing theories.
Related terms: Hanlon's razor
Hitchens' razor
Newton's flaming laser sword
Occam's broom
when you hear hoofbeats, think of horses, not zebras