cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
outgoing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈaʊtˌɡəʊɪŋ/
Forms: form: outgoings
Etymology: From outgo + -ing, out + going.
Senses: examples: text: the outgoings of the morning and evening
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 65:8:
text: […] any present thirstings for God, or ardent outgoings of their souls after divine objects […]
ref: 1749, Jonathan Edwards, An Account of the Life of the Late Rev. David Brainerd:
text: It was noted by them that kenned best that her cantrips were at their worst when the tides in the Sker Bay ebbed between the hours of twelve and one. At this season of the night the tides of mortality run lowest, and when the outgoing of these unco waters fell in with the setting of the current of life, then indeed was the hour for unholy revels.
ref: 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:
glosses: The act of leaving or going out; exit, departure.
glosses: Money that leaves one's possession; expenditure, outlay, expense.
examples: text: The outgoings of the border were at the north bay of the salt sea, at the south end of Jordan.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 18:19:
glosses: The extreme limit; the place of ending.
Synonyms: outgang
outgoing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈaʊtˌɡəʊɪŋ/
Etymology: From outgo + -ing, out + going.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of outgo
apocalyptic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪk/
Forms: form: apocalyptics
Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκαλυπτικός (apokaluptikós, “revelatory”), from ἀποκάλυψις (apokálupsis, “revelation”), from ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalúptō, “I reveal, uncover”).
Senses: glosses: One who predicts apocalypse.
Synonyms: apocalypticist
doomsayer
yaks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /jæks/
rhymes: -æks
homophone: yacks
Senses: glosses: plural of yak
shorter
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɔːtə/
ipa: /ˈʃɔɹtɚ/
ipa: [ˈʃɔɹɾɚ]
ipa: /ˈʃoːtə/
ipa: [ˈʃoːɾə]
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
Senses: examples: text: There are two routes to get there. We're in a rush so we'll take the shorter one.
text: Basingstoke-Exeter will test this. From Salisbury westwards, it's largely single-track since British Rail downgraded it in 1967. There's a ten-mile loop between Templecombe and Yeovil, as well as shorter loops at Chard, Axminster and Honiton.
ref: 2025 February 5, Philip Haigh, “Where track and train integration will be put to the test”, in RAIL, number 1028, page 51:
glosses: comparative form of short: more short.
Related terms: shortest
shorter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɔːtə/
ipa: /ˈʃɔɹtɚ/
ipa: [ˈʃɔɹɾɚ]
ipa: /ˈʃoːtə/
ipa: [ˈʃoːɾə]
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
Forms: form: shorters
Senses: glosses: A short, a short seller: one who engages in short selling.
examples: text: My grandfather, as I said before, was connected with a gang of shorters, and sometimes shortened money, […]
ref: 1858, George Borrow, The Romany Rye, volume 2, page 128:
glosses: One who makes a dishonest profit by clipping and filing coins.
shortest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɔːtɪst/
ipa: /ˈʃɔɹtɪst/
ipa: [ˈʃɔɹɾɪst]
ipa: /ˈʃoːtɪst/
ipa: [ˈʃoːɾɪst]
Senses: examples: text: The two-word poem "Fleas", by Ogden Nash, is arguably the shortest poem in the English language.
glosses: superlative form of short: most short; Least in stature, length or height.
canvass
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkænvəs/
ipa: /ˈkænvəs/
ipa: [ˈkɛənvəs]
ipa: /ˈkænvəs/
ipa: /ˈkɛnvəs/
homophone: canvas
Forms: form: canvasses
Etymology: A variant of canvas (noun).
Senses: examples: text: The double desire of being able to overtake a weaker flying enemy, or to escape when pursued by a stronger, has induced the owners to overmast their cruisers, and to spread too much canvass; and the great number of men, many of them not seamen, who being upon deck when a ship heels suddenly are huddled down to leeward, and increase by their weight the effect of the wind.
ref: 1785 August, Benjamin Franklin, “On Improvements in Navigation”, in Jared Sparks, editor, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Benjamin Franklin, […], volume III, London: […] [Abraham John Valpy] for Henry Colburn, […], published 1818, →OCLC, part IV (Philosophical Subjects), page 525:
glosses: Obsolete spelling of canvas.
cartographer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cartographers
Etymology: From cartography + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who makes maps or charts.
Synonyms: cartographist
mapmaker
Derived terms: cybercartographer
Related terms: cartography
chequered
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of chequer
chequered
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: The trees lay on one side the road in a rich depth of shadow; on the other the golden light seemed to rain through the chequered boughs: a subtle fragrance floated on the air, and the carols of a thousand birds rose distinct above the deep murmur of the city that they had left behind.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Changes in London”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 232:
text: The history of cast iron in railway bridges is much more grimly chequered. Brunel's misgivings were proved prudent, tragically, in the 1879 failure of Thomas Bouch's Tay bridge (once a monument to cast iron, now a memorial to many lives lost).
ref: 2025 March 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Remembering Brunel's timber viaducts”, in RAIL, number 1030, page 60:
glosses: Alternative spelling of checkered.
Derived terms: chequeredness
green-white-chequered
unchequered
cherubic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɪˈɹuː.bɪk/
/t͡ʃəˈɹuː.bɪk/
Forms: form: more cherubic
form: most cherubic
Etymology: From cherub + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.
ref: 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 96:
text: the flyaway pale curls and his round, cherubic face
ref: 2019, pukner, A Nanny? In MY Summoning Circle?, ArchiveOfOurOwn:
text: “Hey, sweet-cheeks! Can you take my order real quick?” “Hi. Sure thing.” “Sorry--” “What can I get you?” “Uh, mixed green salad, and we'll do the garlic zoodles.” “Zoodles. Good choice.” “Thank you.” “(inhales deeply) "Good choice."” (indistinct chatter) “Zoodles are zucchini noodles.” “"Sweet cheeks"? Seriously, dude?” “She had cherubic cheeks. It's a compliment.” “"Sweet cheeks" is your butt.” “No, it's not.” “It is. It's like calling somebody, I don't know, "sugar tits."” “That's totally inappropriate.”
ref: 2022 January 13, James Gunn, “A Whole New Whirled” (26:41 from the start), in Peacemaker, season 1, episode 1, spoken by Peacemaker (John Cena):
synonyms: cherubical
cherublike
antonyms: uncherubic
glosses: Of, or relating to a cherub; angelic.
glosses: Of, or like a baby; infantile
Derived terms: cherubically
uncherubic
clement
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklɛmənt/
Forms: form: more clement
form: most clement
Etymology: From Old French, from Latin clēmēns (“merciful”). Equivalent to clīnō + participial suffix -menos.
Senses: examples: text: I know you are more clement than vilde^([sic – meaning vile]) men, / Who of their broken Debtors take a third, / A ſixt, a tenth, letting them thriue againe / On their abatement; […]
ref: 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv], page 393, column 2:
text: Your clement sentence they would account pusillanimous.
ref: 1888–1891, Herman Melville, “[Billy Budd, Foretopman.] Chapter [HTTP://GUTENBERG.NET.AU/EBOOKS06/0608511H.HTML 18].”, in Billy Budd and Other Stories, London: John Lehmann, published 1951, →OCLC:
glosses: Lenient or merciful; charitable.
examples: text: The weather is clement, though there was a downpour yesterday and I was obliged to take precautions.
ref: 1984, Edna O'Brien, “The Bachelor”, in A Fanatic Heart, New York: Plume, page 66:
text: The earth was still dry and the air was perfectly clement.
ref: 1992, A. B. Yehoshua, translated by Hillel Halkin, Mr. Mani, New York: Doubleday, pages 314–5:
glosses: Mild (said of weather and similar circumstances).
Synonyms: lenient
merciful
mild
Derived terms: clemently
Related terms: clemency
construe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈstɹuː/
ipa: /ˈkɒnstəɹ/
Forms: form: construes
form: conster
Etymology: From Middle English construen, from Late Latin construo, construere (“to relate grammatically”), from Latin construo (“pile together”); doublet of construct.
Senses: examples: text: Prayers and calling-over seemed twice as short as usual, and before they could get construes of a tithe of the hard passages marked in the margin of their books, they were all seated round, and the Doctor was standing in the middle, talking in whispers to the master.
ref: 1857, Thomas Hughes, Tom Brown's School Days:
glosses: A translation.
glosses: An interpretation.
construe
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈstɹuː/
ipa: /ˈkɒnstəɹ/
Forms: form: construes
form: construing
form: construed
form: construed
form: conster
Etymology: From Middle English construen, from Late Latin construo, construere (“to relate grammatically”), from Latin construo (“pile together”); doublet of construct.
Senses: examples: text: Bru[tus]. […] But let not therefore my good Friends be greeu'd
(Among which number Cassius be you one)
Nor conſtrue any further my neglect,
Then that poore Brutus with himſelfe at warre,
Forgets the ſhews of Loue to other men.
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 110, column 1:
text: The world must construe according to its wits; this court must construe according to the law.
ref: 1954, Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons:
glosses: To understand (something) as meaning, to take to mean.
examples: text: This is a new fashionable proverb, which I must construe to you.
ref: 1750, “To [Sir Horace Mann], Feb. 25. — Ministerial quarrels […] ”, in The Letter of Horace Walpole, Earl of Oxford, volume II, London: Richard Betley, New Burlington Street, published 1840, page 319:
glosses: To interpret (something) to another or publicly, explain the meaning of (something, usually language).
examples: text: Thus, in a sentence such as:
 (113) John considers [_S Fred to be too sure of himself]
 the italicised Reflexive himself can only be construed with Fred, not with John: this follows from our assumption that non-subject Reflexives must have an antecedent within their own S. Notice, however, that in a sentence such as:
 (114) John seems to me [_S — to have perjured himself]
 himself must be construed with John.
ref: 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 8, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 436:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: To analyze the grammatical structure of a clause or sentence; to parse.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: To admit of grammatical analysis.
glosses: To translate.
glosses: To infer.
examples: text: Bru[tus]. […] Portia go in a while,
And by and by thy boſome ſhall partake
The ſecrets of my Heart.
All my engagements, I will construe to thee,
All the Charractery of my ſad browes.
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 116, column 2:
glosses: To explain.
Derived terms: construable
construal
construance
construction
construer
deconstrue
misconstrue
reconstrue
unconstrued
conman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: conmen
form: con man
Etymology: From con + -man.
Senses: synonyms: see Thesaurus:deceiver
coordinate_terms: conwoman
con woman
glosses: A confidence trickster.
Derived terms: conmanship
climates
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of climate
debauch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈbɔːt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɔːtʃ
Forms: form: debauches
form: debosh
Etymology: 1590s, from Middle French desbaucher (“entice from work or duty”), from Old French desbauchier (“to lead astray”), from des- + bauch (“beam”), from Frankish *balkō, from Proto-Germanic *balkô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”); latter origin of balk.
Evolution of sense unclear; may be literally “to shave/trim wood to make a beam” or may be “to leave/lure someone from a workshop”, Frankish *balkō perhaps also meaning “workshop”.
Possible corruption by way of Anglicised French term bord (“edge, curb”): curb crawling as a synonym for prostitution. Parallels in modern German: Bordsteinschwalbe (“prostitute”, literally “Curb-stone-swallow”). English words bawd, bawdiness may be similarly connected.
Senses: examples: text: [E]v'ry twentieth pace / Conducts the unguarded noſe to ſuch a whiff / Of ſtale debauch forth-iſſuing from the ſtyes / That law has licenſed, as makes temp'rance reel.
ref: 1785, William Cowper, “Book IV. The Winter Evening.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 161:
text: I rose by candle-light, and consumed, in the intensest application, the hours which every other individual of our party wasted in enervating slumbers, from the hesternal dissipation or debauch.
ref: 1828, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter XX, in Pelham; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 196:
text: As I supported him towards his lodgings I could see that he was not only suffering from the effects of a recent debauch, but that a long course of intemperance had affected his nerves and his brain.
ref: 1884, Arthur Conan Doyle, John Barrington Cowles:
text: Greene died of a debauch; and Marlowe, the gracer of tragedians, perished in an ignominious brawl.
ref: 1902, Thomas Ebenezer Webb, The Mystery of William Shakespeare: A Summary of Evidence, page 242:
text: [T]he room probably was one which he actually used for opium debauches.
ref: 1913, Sax Rohmer, chapter 25, in The Insidious Dr. Fu Manchu:
glosses: An individual act of debauchery.
examples: text: The flowers, oppressive to the eyes, blazed with not a petal stirring, in a debauch of sun.
ref: 1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC; republished as chapter 2, in Burmese Days (ebook no. 0200051h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, November 2015:
text: [T]here were always the gay and silly sensual young girls that Yossarian had found and brought there and those that the sleepy enlisted men returning to Pianosa after their own exhausting seven-day debauch had brought there.
ref: 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, chapter 13, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC:
glosses: An orgy.
debauch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈbɔːt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɔːtʃ
Forms: form: debauches
form: debauching
form: debauched
form: debauched
form: debosh
Etymology: 1590s, from Middle French desbaucher (“entice from work or duty”), from Old French desbauchier (“to lead astray”), from des- + bauch (“beam”), from Frankish *balkō, from Proto-Germanic *balkô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”); latter origin of balk.
Evolution of sense unclear; may be literally “to shave/trim wood to make a beam” or may be “to leave/lure someone from a workshop”, Frankish *balkō perhaps also meaning “workshop”.
Possible corruption by way of Anglicised French term bord (“edge, curb”): curb crawling as a synonym for prostitution. Parallels in modern German: Bordsteinschwalbe (“prostitute”, literally “Curb-stone-swallow”). English words bawd, bawdiness may be similarly connected.
Senses: examples: text: But the Devil had met with too much Success in his first Attempts, not to go on with his general Resolution of debauching the Minds of Men, and bringing them off from God.
ref: 1727, Daniel Defoe, chapter 9, in The History of the Devil:
glosses: To morally corrupt (someone); to seduce.
examples: text: Those who with nine months toil had spoil’d a Play,
In hopes of Eating at a full Third day,
Justly despairing longer to sustain
A craving Stomach from an empty Brain,
Have left Stage-Practice, chang’d their old Vocations,
Atoning for bad Plays, with worse Translations,
And like old Sternhold with laborious spite,
Burlesque what nobler Muses better write:
Thus while they for their Causes only seem
To change the Channel, they corrupt the Stream.
So breaking Vintners to increase their Wine,
With nauseous Drugs debauch the generous Vine:
So barren Gipsies for recruit are said,
With Strangers Issue to maintain the Trade;
But lest the fair Bantling should be known,
A daubing Walnut makes him all their own.
ref: 1685, Matthew Prior, “A Satyr on the modern Translators”, in H. Bunker Wright, Monroe K. Spears, editors, The Literary Works of Matthew Prior, Second edition, volume I, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1971, page 19:
text: [S]aving of all kinds is pointless when interest is microscopic and state-sponsored inflation is debauching the currency.
ref: 2014 March 23, Peter Hitchens, “We're being dragged into a new Cold War by a puffed-up bullfrog (and I don't mean President Putin)”, in Peter Hitchens's Blog at The Mail on Sunday (UK):
glosses: To debase (something); to lower the value of (something).
glosses: To indulge in revelry.
Derived terms: debauchee
debaucher
debauchery
debauchment
debauchness
Related terms: balk
defalcate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: [ˈdɛfəɫkeɪt]
Forms: form: defalcates
form: defalcating
form: defalcated
form: defalcated
Etymology: First attested in the 1530s, in the sense “to lop off”; borrowed from Medieval Latin dēfalcātus, perfect passive participle of dēfalcō (“to cut or lop off”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from Latin dē (“off”) + falx (“sickle, scythe, pruning hook”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: glosses: To misappropriate funds; to embezzle.
glosses: To cut off (a part of something).
examples: text: One would have thought the natural method in a plan of reformation vvould be, to take the preſent exiſting eſtimates as they ſtand; and then to ſhevv vvhat may be practicably and ſafely defalcated from them.
ref: 1769, [Edmund Burke], Observations on a Late State of the Nation, London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 42:
glosses: To deduct or take away (a part of income, money, rents, etc.).
Derived terms: defalcation
defalcator
undefalcated
Related terms: falcate
lop
deferential
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: [ˌdɛfəˈɹɛnʃəɫ]
Forms: form: more deferential
form: most deferential
Etymology: From deference (or its Latin type *dēferentia) + -al; compare essence, essential; prudence, prudential, etc. Coined by Scottish novelist, poet and playwright Walter Scott.
Senses: examples: text: In A v. UK, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights held that Part 4 of the 2001 Act was not a strictly necessary response to the acknowledged emergency evidenced by the attacks in the USA and that the detention of the applicants was in breach of Article 5. This conclusion is noteworthy given that the European Court has in the past adopted a deferential if not supine approach when assessing the legality of derogations under Article 15.
ref: 2009, Mark Elliott, “Torture, Deportation and Extra-Judicial Detention: Instruments of the “War on Terror””, in Cambridge Law Journal, volume 68, number 2, pages 245–246:
text: The oscillations were getting so severe that painters on the bridge learned to tie down their tins before a train passed. They found holes and rents in the iron but never reported them as they were never asked, and it wasn't their job. These were deferential times, and few wanted to talk out of turn.
ref: 2020 September 23, Paul Bigland, “The tragic tale of the Tay Bridge disaster”, in Rail, page 81:
antonyms: derogative
derogatory
glosses: Respectful and considerate; showing deference.
glosses: Based on deference; based on the doctrine, ideology, or wishes of others rather than one's own conclusions.
Derived terms: deferentialism
deferentially
nondeferential
undeferential
Related terms: defer
deference
deferent
deferential
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: [ˌdɛfəˈɹɛnʃəɫ]
Etymology: From French déférentiel, from déférent + -iel.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to the vas deferens.
Derived terms: epididymodeferential
dereliction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɛɹ.ɪˈlɪk.ʃən/
rhymes: -ɪkʃən
Forms: form: derelictions
Etymology: From Latin dērelictiō (“neglect, abandonment”), from dērelinquō (“I neglect, abandon”), from dē- + re- + linquō (“I leave”).
Senses: examples: text: The new soldier did not clean his cabin and was scolded for dereliction and disobedience.
text: What he did was a terrible dereliction of duty.
text: And his final act—leaving the Watch to accompany Tormund and the Wildlings back into the woods North of the wall—no longer seems like a dereliction of duty. It’s the recovery of duty, found by a man who feels he betrayed his queen, who thinks there’s no longer a place for him in these lands.
ref: 2019 May 19, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 22 May 2019:
glosses: Willful neglect of one's duty.
examples: text: To this we must contend with prayer , with actual dereliction and seposition of all our other affairs
ref: 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:
text: There is much sad evidence, too, of the spoliation and dereliction of vanished industry: tips, slag-heaps and derelict colliery-screens among which the ubiquitous, nomad mountain sheep graze unconcernedly.
ref: 1955 July, D. S. Barrie, “Railways of the Bridgend District”, in Railway Magazine, page 449:
text: After years of unsympathetic commercial use and dereliction, nothing of note remained inside, which accordingly has been reconfigured with modern amenities such as underfloor heating.
ref: 2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The Network Rail Community Award: Saltash and Stow”, in RAIL, number 946, page 58:
glosses: The act of abandoning something, or the state of being abandoned.
glosses: Land gained from the water by a change of water-line.
Related terms: derelict
relinquish
despondency
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈspɒndənsi/
Forms: form: despondencies
Etymology: From Latin dēspondentia, from dēspondēns + -ia. Equivalent to despondent + -ency.
Senses: examples: text: Not everyone succumbed to such nostalgia and despondency. Some saw the existential threat to Scots as a call to document what remained.
ref: 2023, Clive Young, “chapter three: From Union to Devolution”, in Unlocking Scots: The Secret Life of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Luath Press Limited, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 93:
synonyms: word: despair
word: desperation
word: despair
word: desperation
word: despond
word: despondency
word: hopelessness
word: unhope
word: wanhope
glosses: The loss of hope or confidence; despair or dejection.
examples: text: He kissed her brow, and left her. She watched him unconsciously, till the winding walk hid him from her sight, and then sank back on her seat, every nerve relaxing from its high-strained excitement into utter and still despondency.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 127:
synonyms: word: melancholy
word: sorrow
word: blueness
word: mirthless
word: blues
word: crestfallenness
word: dejection
word: depression
word: despondency
word: distress
word: dolefulness
word: downheartedness
word: drearihead
word: forlornness
word: grief
word: heartsore
word: ill-being
word: infelicity
word: melancholia
word: melancholy
word: misery
word: mishappiness
word: mourn
word: prosternation
word: regret
word: rue
word: ruth
word: sadness
word: sorrow
word: sorrowfulness
word: tristfulness
word: undelight
word: unhappiness
word: woe
word: woefare
word: wretchedness
glosses: A feeling of depression or disheartenment.
rongeur
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rongeurs
Etymology: From French rongeur, from ronger (“to gnaw”).
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: An instrument with a sharp-edged, scoop-shaped tip, for gouging out bone.
diffidence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪfɪdəns/
Forms: form: diffidences
Etymology: From Latin diffīdentiam (“distrust”), from diffīdere (“to mistrust”), from dis- and fīdere (“to trust”). Attested since ∼1400. The original sense was antonymous with confidence, and the modern sense of ‘distrusting oneself’ dates from the 1650s.
Senses: examples: text: Without scruple—without apology—without much apparent diffidence, Mr. Elton, the lover of Harriet, was professing himself her lover.
ref: 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume I, chapter 15:
text: I have the same diffidence in my feelings that most public speakers have, and am apt to think that others can speak better and more edifying than I can.
ref: 1857, Brigham Young, Journal of Discources: Attention and Reflection Necessary to An Increase of Knowledge, etc.:
text: "I was passing by," he began to stammer, trembling with his diffidence, "I—happened to be passing along this way, and so—er—as I was passing this way, I says to myself, says I, 'I'll just stop into the shop a minute.'
ref: 1897, José María de Pereda, translated by William Henry Bishop, Cleto's Proposal to Sotileza (an excerpt from Sotileza)
text: And Rick with unwonted diffidence had accepted his exclusion. Now with the same diffidence he came, looking trim and loving and mysteriously humble.
ref: 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:
glosses: The state of being diffident, timid or shy; reticence or self-effacement.
examples: text: [Charles, King of France]: We have been guided by thee hitherto,
And of thy cunning had no diffidence:
One sudden foil shall never breed distrust.
ref: 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:
text: [...] [H]ee had brought the Parliment into ſo juſt a diffidence of him, as that they durſt not leave the Public Armes to his diſpoſal [...]
ref: 1649, J[ohn] Milton, chapter XII, in ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC, page 122:
text: I have no diffidence of your abilities—only be constant to one roguery at a time
ref: 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, V.Scene the Last
glosses: Mistrust, distrust, lack of confidence in someone or something.
disparity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈpæɹɪti/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /dɪsˈpæɹɪti/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /dɪsˈpɛɹɪti/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: [dɪsˈpɛɹɪɾi]
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /dɪsˈpeɹɪti/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger, weak vowel merger
ipa: /dɪsˈpɛɹəti/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger, weak vowel merger
ipa: [dɪsˈpɛɹɾi]
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger, weak vowel merger
ipa: /dɪsˈpeɹəti/
ipa: /dɪsˈpæɹɪti/
ipa: [dɪsˈpæɹɪɾi]
Forms: form: disparities
Etymology: From Middle French disparité.
Senses: examples: text: With no great disparity between them in point of years, they were, in every other respect, as unlike and far removed from each other as two men could well be. The one was soft-spoken, delicately made, precise, and elegant; the other, a burly square-built man, negligently dressed, rough and abrupt in manner, stern, and, in his present mood, forbidding both in look and speech.
ref: 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 12.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 301:
text: There was a disparity of view over the use of diesel or electric motive power for the route south of Crewe, and the Prime Minister even felt a modern design of steam locomotives would be the best solution.
ref: 2020 April 8, David Clough, “How the West Coast wiring war was won”, in Rail, page 58:
glosses: The state of being unequal; difference.
glosses: Incongruity.
Synonyms: unalikeness
Derived terms: stereodisparity
stock cube
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stock cubes
Senses: glosses: A bouillon cube.
disallowed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -aʊd
Senses: glosses: forbidden
glosses: invalid
disallowed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -aʊd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of disallow
faker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfeɪkɚ/
rhymes: -eɪkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: fakers
Etymology: From fake + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who fakes something.
examples: text: The ordinary Christian will read the claims of the New Thought fakers with contempt; but have I not shown the Catholic Church publishing long lists of money-miracles?
ref: 1917, Upton Sinclair, The Profits of Religion […] :
text: Sonic: I found you, faker!
ref: 2001 June 23, Sonic Team USA, Sonic Adventure 2, Sega, published 2001:
glosses: An impostor or impersonator.
examples: text: faker: A friendly track acting as a hostile for exercise purposes. (STANAG 1241)
ref: 2011, APP-6C: NATO Joint Military Symbology, page 555:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A friendly unit (usually aircraft) that acts as a hostile unit in a military exercise.
glosses: A thief.
examples: text: He has been lagged for beaker hunting, was a mushroom faker [umbrella seller], has been on the steel for snamming a wedge sneezer; […]
ref: 1859, Snowden's Magistrates Assistant, page 497:
glosses: A peddler of petty things.
examples: text: Yet the faker is not an unpopular visitor to the country fair. On the contrary, a country fair at which was not heard the stentorian shouts of the faker to "come on, boys; here's the chance to make your fortune," would be considered a dismal failure.
ref: 1906, Clifton Rodman Wooldridge, The Grafters of America: Who They are and how They Work, page 248:
text: All the doctor has to do nowadays is to read the labels on the bottles and boxes of samples the faker brings him.
ref: 1909 May, G. Frank Lydston, “Honor to Whom Honor is Due”, in The Medical Standard, volume 32, page 248:
text: Business interests citizens against the food adulterator are severely hampered and injured and the "patent-medicine” faker.
ref: 1912 June, Locomotive Engineers Journal, volume 46, number 6, page 535:
glosses: A snake oil salesman; one who makes exaggerated claims about a product he sells.
Derived terms: bit-faker
clyfaker
flue-faker
mugfaker
nature faker
poodle-faker
Related terms: fakir
faker
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfeɪkɚ/
rhymes: -eɪkə(ɹ)
Etymology: From fake + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The name sounds faker than fake.
ref: 2016, Laura Stampler, Little Black Dresses, Little White Lies, page 147:
text: He returns my smile, although his is probably faker than mine.
ref: 2018, Jessica Brody, Better You Than Me, page 7:
text: She's faker than the plastic food in the pictures on the McDonald's menu.
ref: 2022, Amanda Elliot, Sadie on a Plate, page 155:
glosses: comparative form of fake: more fake.
impostor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpɒstə/
ipa: /ɪmˈpɑstɚ/
rhymes: -ɒstə(ɹ)
Forms: form: impostors
form: imposter
form: impostour
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French imposteur, respelled in the Latin manner; ultimately from Latin impositor, agent form of Latin imponere (“to impose”).
Senses: examples: text: "It were dishonour in me to yield. I will not play the part of an impostor, whom my uncle must despise even while he screens. No; these estates are his right: let him take them; I will not buy them with his daughter's hand."
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Consent”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 153:
text: Then again these figures take no account of the thousands of beggars who travel free in India. Many of these are religious "Sadhus", dressed often in nothing but a loin-cloth, or even less, and their bodies smeared with ashes. A large number of these men are nothing but impostors, but the Hindu railway staff usually are afraid to interfere with them.
ref: 1953 November, 'Erca', “Ticket Frauds in the East”, in Railway Magazine, page 778:
text: “I said he had a criminal face.” “He can't help his face.” “He can help being a crook and an impostor. Calls himself a butler, does he? The police could shake that story. He's no more a butler than I am.”
ref: 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XX, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:
glosses: Someone who attempts to deceive by using an assumed name or identity.
topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
coordinate_terms: billboard
glosses: A sprite or animation integrated into a three-dimensional scene to look like part of the 3D world.
examples: text: Interestingly, Wang shows that Chinese allows the appearance of an indexical pronoun alongside the imposter, as in (31).
ref: 2014, Daniel Kaufman, “The Syntax of Indonesian Imposters”, in Chris Collins, editor, Cross-Linguistic Studies of Imposters and Pronominal Agreement, →ISBN, page 105:
text: One possibility is that mothers of HR [higher-risk] infants frequently use non-pronoun forms in place of pronouns, as in the impostor uses noted above.
ref: 2018, Angela Xiaoxue He, Rhiannon Luyster, Sudha Arunachalam, “Personal pronoun usage in maternal input to infants at high vs. low risk for autism spectrum disorder”, in First Language, volume 38, number 5, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A term referenced in an unusual grammatical person.
Synonyms: impersonator
Hyponyms: quack
Derived terms: imposterous
impostorism
impostor phenomenon
impostorship
impostor syndrome
impostress
impostrix
supernova impostor
rumble
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹʌm b(ə)l/
rhymes: -ʌmbəl
Forms: form: rumbles
form: rummle
form: rommle
Etymology: From Middle English rumblen, romblen, rummelyn, frequentative form of romen (“to roar”), equivalent to rome + -le. Cognate with Dutch rommelen (“to rumble”), Low German rummeln (“to rumble”), German rumpeln (“to be noisy”), Danish rumle (“to rumble”), all of imitative origin.
Senses: examples: text: The rumble from passing trucks made it hard to sleep at night.
glosses: A low, heavy, continuous sound, such as that of thunder or a hungry stomach.
glosses: A street fight or brawl.
glosses: A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or polished by friction against each other.
examples: text: Kit, well wrapped, […] was in the rumble behind.
ref: 1840-1841, Charles Dickens, Master Humphrey's Clock:
text: "I never was so sorry for any thing as for Mr. Glentworth's death," said Isabella Granard, endeavouring to screen her face from a small, sharp rain, to which her place in the rumble of a travelling carriage left her quite exposed.
ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 2:
glosses: A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage.
Synonyms: word: beating
word: drumming
word: grumbling
word: rataplan
word: rubadub
word: rumble
word: rumbling
Hypernyms: word: clatter
Hyponyms: word: drumbeat
word: tattoo
Derived terms: headset rumble
rumble seat
rumble strip
rumble-tumble
Related terms: word: humming
word: reverberation
rumble
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹʌm b(ə)l/
rhymes: -ʌmbəl
Forms: form: rumbles
form: rumbling
form: rumbled
form: rumbled
form: rummle
form: rommle
Etymology: From Middle English rumblen, romblen, rummelyn, frequentative form of romen (“to roar”), equivalent to rome + -le. Cognate with Dutch rommelen (“to rumble”), Low German rummeln (“to rumble”), German rumpeln (“to be noisy”), Danish rumle (“to rumble”), all of imitative origin.
Senses: examples: text: If I don't eat, my stomach will rumble.
text: I could hear the thunder rumbling in the distance.
glosses: To make a low, heavy, continuous sound.
examples: text: The police is going to rumble your hideout.
glosses: To discover deceitful or underhanded behaviour.
examples: text: The truck rumbled over the rough road.
text: As the train rumbled slowly over the Forth Bridge, the western sky was aflame with a particularly gorgeous sunset, and lights were twinkling from the small craft riding at anchor on the calm waters of the firth.
ref: 1950 January, Arthur F. Beckenham, “With British Railways to the Far North”, in Railway Magazine, page 8:
text: Henderson, beginning a mini-run in the team with David de Gea on paternity leave, threw out to the left flank and Shaw had only one thought – to rumble upfield.
ref: 2021 March 7, David Hytner, “Manchester United catch City cold as Fernandes and Shaw end winning run”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To move while making a rumbling noise.
glosses: To fight; to brawl.
topics: video-games
glosses: To provide haptic feedback by vibrating.
raw_tags: of a game controller
glosses: To cause to pass through a rumble, or polishing machine.
examples: text: The trembling streams which wont in channels clear
To rumble gently down with murmur soft,[…]
ref: c. 1580, Edmund Spenser, “The Tears of the Muses”, in Complaints, published 1591:
glosses: To murmur; to ripple.
Derived terms: rumble on
rumble
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹʌm b(ə)l/
rhymes: -ʌmbəl
Forms: form: rummle
form: rommle
Etymology: From Middle English rumblen, romblen, rummelyn, frequentative form of romen (“to roar”), equivalent to rome + -le. Cognate with Dutch rommelen (“to rumble”), Low German rummeln (“to rumble”), German rumpeln (“to be noisy”), Danish rumle (“to rumble”), all of imitative origin.
Senses: glosses: An onomatopoeia describing a rumbling noise
morale
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈɹɑːl/
ipa: /məˈɹæl/
rhymes: -æl
Forms: form: morales
Etymology: Borrowed from French morale.
Senses: examples: text: After the layoffs, morale was at an all time low; the staff were so dispirited nothing was getting done.
text: Morale is an important quality in soldiers. With good morale they'll charge into a hail of bullets; without it they won't even cross a street.
text: A morale-boosting exercise
text: Proponents of the race — notably Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Mary Wittenberg, director of the marathon — said the event would provide a needed morale boost, as well as an economic one.
ref: 2012 November 2, Ken Belson, New York Times, retrieved 02 Nov 2012:
glosses: The capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others.
Synonyms: esprit de corps
Derived terms: morale-booster
morale-boosting
morale patch
dispirited
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈspɪɹɪtəd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of dispirit
dispirited
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈspɪɹɪtəd/
Forms: form: more dispirited
form: most dispirited
Senses: examples: text: So dispirited were the troops after the loss of their beloved commander that they moped about and could barely be bothered to eat let alone load their guns.
text: The shift in the balance of power online has allowed anyone to publish to the world, from dispirited teenagers in south London to an anonymous cyber-dissident in a Middle East autocracy.
ref: 2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in the Guardian:
glosses: Without energy, gusto or drive, enervated, without the will to accomplish, disheartened.
Derived terms: dispiritedly
dispiritedness
disheartened
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more disheartened
form: most disheartened
Senses: examples: text: He refused to get disheartened, even when all 50 writers polled by Newsweek predicted he would lose.
ref: 2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:
synonyms: word: dejected
word: dispirited
word: down in the mouth
word: sad
word: down in the dumps
word: downhearted
word: atrabiliary
word: atrabilious
word: blitheless
word: dispirited
word: blue
word: bummed out
word: chapfallen
word: cheerless
word: chopfallen
word: crestfallen
word: cut up
word: damp
word: dejected
word: depressed
word: despondent
word: disgruntled
word: disconsolate
word: disheartened
word: dismal
word: doleful
word: dolesome
word: down
word: down in the dumps
word: down in the mouth
word: downcast
word: downhearted
word: downsome
word: dull
word: elegiac
word: elegious
word: forlorn
word: gloomy
word: glum
word: grief-stricken
word: grieving
word: heavy-hearted
word: heartsore
word: heartsick
word: inconsolable
word: infelicitous
word: jawfallen
word: joyless
word: lachrymose
word: lamentful
word: low
word: low-spirited
word: lugubrious
word: lumpish
word: melancholic
word: melancholy
word: miserable
word: moody
word: mopey
word: morose
word: mournful
word: passionate
word: plaintive
word: querulous
word: sad
word: saddened
word: saturnine
word: shattered
word: solemn
word: sombre
word: sorrowful
word: sorrow-ridden
word: sorrowsome
word: spiritless
word: sullen
word: threnetic
word: threnetical
word: triste
word: tristful
word: uncheerful
word: uncheery
word: unconsolable
word: unhappy
word: unlively
word: wistful
word: woe
word: woebegone
word: woeful
word: wretched
glosses: Discouraged, despairing.
Derived terms: disheartenedly
undisheartened
disheartened
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of dishearten
hearten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɑːtn̩/
ipa: /ˈhɑɹtn̩/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tən
Forms: form: heartens
form: heartening
form: heartened
form: heartened
Etymology: From heart + -en.
Senses: examples: text: hearten the crowd
text: News of the recovery helped to hearten the family.
text: The soldiers were heartened by the general’s speech.
synonyms: word: cheer up
word: happify
word: beatify
word: begladden
word: blissen
word: bright
word: cheer
word: cheer up
word: content
word: delight
word: elate
word: enbliss
word: exhilarate
word: fain
word: gay
word: gladden
word: gladden someone's heart
word: gratify
word: happify
word: happy
word: hearten
word: jollify
word: laetificate
word: light up
word: make someone's day
word: perk up
word: please
word: raise someone's spirits
word: rejoice
word: turn the frown upside down
word: upcheer
word: warm someone's heart
word: warm the cockles of someone's heart
antonyms: dishearten
glosses: To give heart to; to encourage, urge on, cheer, give confidence to.
Derived terms: dishearten
enhearten
heartener
rehearten
eviscerator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: eviscerators
Etymology: From eviscerate + -or.
Senses: examples: text: The eviscerators stand between three and five feet apart; quality control people sit further apart, between about every fourth or fifth eviscerator.
ref: 1993, David Craig Griffith, Jones's Minimal: Low-Wage Labor in the United States:
glosses: Someone who eviscerates, whether physically or metaphorically.
examples: text: Module eviscerators have devices which remove the crop, the viscera package, and lungs in one step.
ref: 2002, Donald D. Bell, William D. Weaver, Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production:
glosses: A device for eviscerating something.
Related terms: disembowel
entrails
stubbornness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstʌbən(n)əs/
ipa: /ˈstʌbɚn(n)əs/
Forms: form: stubbornnesses
Etymology: From stubborn + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: [H]appy is your Grace / That can tranſlate the ſtubbornneſſe of fortune / Into ſo quiet and ſo ſweet a ſtile.
ref: c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 190, column 1:
text: Brant Rios and Eos Parish have been dating five years and experienced their state’s stubbornness firsthand Friday when they were the first couple to arrive at the Ouachita Parish Courthouse to be wed – and were the first to be turned away.
ref: 2015 June 30, Eliott C. McLaughlin, “Despite same-sex marriage ruling, spasms of resistance persist”, in CNN:
synonyms: word: obstinacy
word: doggedness
word: conviction
word: insistence
word: pertinacity
word: recalcitrance
word: resolve
word: stubbornness
word: temerity
word: tenacity
word: vehemence
word: intransigence
word: pigheadedness
glosses: The state of being stubborn.
doggedness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɔɡɪdˌnəs/
Forms: form: doggednesses
Etymology: From dogged + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: At one time it looked as though he could not live more than a few hours, and I am convinced that it was only through the Dutchman's doggedness that he pulled through.
ref: 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 26”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:
glosses: The state of being dogged; persistence; perseverance; tenacity; stubbornness.
glosses: sullenness; moroseness
Synonyms: tenacity
synecological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From synecology + -ical.
Senses: topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: Relating to synecology
synecologically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From synecological + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Regarding synecology.
synecologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: synecologists
Etymology: From synecology + -ist.
Senses: glosses: Someone who practises or supports synecology.
phosphorescently
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From phosphorescent + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a phosphorescent manner.
phosphorescence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfɒs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/
ipa: /ˌfɑs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/
homophone: phosphorescents
Forms: form: phosphorescences
Etymology: From phosphorescent. Morphologically phosphoresce + -ence.
Senses: examples: text: We saw a round red sun rise over the City, paint the glassy towers with phosphorescence and, as it brightened and lost its shape, sprinkle across the sky feathers of pink and lilac.
ref: 2002, Barbara Vine, Grasshopper, page 138:
glosses: The emission of light without any perceptible heat; the quality of being phosphorescent.
Derived terms: electrophosphorescence
hyperphosphorescence
photophosphorescence
Related terms: luminescence