cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
hectogon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hectogons
Etymology: From hecto- + -gon.
Senses: topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A polygon having a hundred sides.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: An individual processor in some parallel processing systems.
Synonyms: 100-gon
hectagon
heptadecagon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: heptadecagons
Etymology: From heptadeca- + -gon.
Senses: examples: text: The regular 17-sided polygon (heptadecagon) can be constructed with the help of a compass and a ruler.
ref: 2001, Kunihiko Kasahara, Amazing Origami, New York, N.Y.: Sterling Publishing, →ISBN:
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A polygon with seventeen sides and seventeen angles.
Synonyms: 17-gon
septadecagon
Related terms: heptadecagonal
icosagon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: icosagons
Etymology: From Ancient Greek εἰκοσάγωνος (eikoságōnos, “having twenty sides”), from εἴκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + γωνία (gōnía, “angle”). Equivalent to icosa- + -gon.
Senses: examples: 1993 The upper half of a regular icosagon frame is folded. - author? - Space Structures 4
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A polygon with twenty sides and twenty angles.
Synonyms: 20-gon
Related terms: icosagonal
reservist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reservists
Etymology: From reserve + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: One of the men there, a reservist he said he was, told my brother he had seen the heliograph flickering in the west.
ref: 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:
glosses: A soldier who is assigned as reserved: after training, no longer on full active duty.
Synonyms: weekend warrior
Related terms: reservism
infrequent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more infrequent
form: most infrequent
Etymology: From in- + frequent.
Senses: examples: text: Such was the station provided for the infrequent services of 1852, when suburban traffic was unheard of, and Hornsey, Colney Hatch & Southgate, Barnet, and Potters Bar were the only intermediate stations on the 17¾ miles between London and Hatfield.
ref: 1952 October, C. A. Johns, “One Hundred Years at Kings Cross—1”, in Railway Magazine, pages 650-651:
glosses: Not frequent; not happening frequently.
Synonyms: scarce
uncommon
unfrequent
rare
Derived terms: infrequency
infrequently
constitutions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of constitution
myriagon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɪɹɪəɡɒn/
ipa: /ˈmiɹiəɡɑn/
Forms: form: myriagons
Etymology: From myria- + -gon.
Senses: examples: text: For it differs in no way from the representation I should form if I were thinking of a myriagon, or any figure with very many sides.
ref: 1998, Réné Descartes, translated by Desmond M. Clarke, Meditations, Penguin, published 2003, page 58:
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A polygon with 10,000 sides.
Synonyms: 10000-gon
pentadecagon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɛntəˈdɛkəɡən/
Forms: form: pentadecagons
Etymology: From pentadeca- + -gon.
Senses: examples: text: In ⊙ O, draw chord AB equal to r. Draw chord AC equal to Vt (which is the side of a regular decagon). CB is now one side of the regular pentadecagon.
ref: 2003, Steven Atiyah, Essentials of Geometry, Trafford, published 2003, page 357:
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A polygon with fifteen sides.
Synonyms: 15-gon
quindecagon
Related terms: pentadecagonal
inradius
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inradii
Etymology: From in- + radius.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: the radius of the largest circle that will fit inside any given geometric shape, especially inside a regular polygon
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: the radius of the largest sphere that will fit inside any given polyhedron
Related terms: circumradius
circumradius
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: circumradii
Etymology: From circum- + radius.
Senses: examples: text: The circumradius of the unit square is one-half the square root of two.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: For a given geometric shape, the radius of the smallest circle or sphere into which it will fit.
Related terms: circumdiameter
circumscribe
inradius
sorbitan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sorbitans
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: a dehydration product of sorbitol having a tetrahydrofuran ring and four hydroxy groups; it is used in the manufacture of emulsifiers
Related terms: polysorbate
tetrahydrofuran
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tetrahydrofurans
Etymology: From tetra- + hydro- + furan.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A heterocyclic ether having a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen; it is a colourless liquid with an ether-like smell, and is used as a polar solvent.
Synonyms: oxolane
oxacyclopentane
THF
Derived terms: bromotetrahydrofuran
chlorotetrahydrofuran
polytetrahydrofuran
vicarism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The production of different species due to isolation.
polyoxyethylene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: polyoxyethylenes
Etymology: From poly- + oxy- + ethylene.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: any polymer of ethylene glycol having a general formula HO-(CH₂CH₂O)ₙ-H; they are used in the manufacture of emulsifiers
Related terms: polysorbate
stearate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈstɪəɹeɪt/
Forms: form: stearates
Etymology: From stearic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any salt or ester of stearic acid.
Synonyms: octadecanoate
Derived terms: lithium stearate
sodium stearate
oleate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: oleates
Etymology: From oleic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any salt or ester of oleic acid.
Derived terms: dioleate
hexaoleate
monooleate
nitrooleate
trioleate
palmitate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: palmitates
Etymology: From palmitic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any salt or ester of palmitic acid.
Derived terms: dipalmitate
isopalmitate
monopalmitate
sodium palmitate
tripalmitate
Related terms: palm
palmitic
ageing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪdʒɪŋ
Forms: form: aging
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of age
ageing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪdʒɪŋ
Forms: form: ageings
form: aging
Senses: glosses: UK, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa standard spelling of aging.
Derived terms: accelerated ageing
ageing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪdʒɪŋ
Forms: form: aging
Senses: examples: text: "The Tees Valley has ageing diesel trains that predate any form of emission control.
ref: 2020 May 20, Paul Clifton, “A hydrogen solution to decarbonisation?”, in RAIL, page 54:
text: These two events have exposed the road haulage industry as being reliant on a poorly paid and ageing workforce, dependent on employees recruited from low-wage countries in Europe.
ref: 2021 October 20, Industry Insider, “The wheels turn slowly”, in RAIL, number 942, page 68:
glosses: UK, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa standard spelling of aging.
Derived terms: unageing
prostanoid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: prostanoids
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of the prostaglandins and related compounds
Derived terms: isoprostanoid
proteome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹəʊtɪəʊm/
Forms: form: proteomes
Etymology: Blend of protein + genome or proteo- + -ome.
Senses: examples: text: Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis allows the separation of thousands of proteins, and provides the means for separating the proteome (the PROTEin complement expressed by a genOME) of a simple species, or the protein component of a complex tissue.
ref: 1996 January 24, Marc R. Wilkins, “From Proteins to Proteomes: Large Scale Protein Identification by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Amino Acid Analysis”, in Nature Biotechnology, volume 14, page 61:
text: So now the quest is to crack the human proteome – a concept so novel that the term proteome didn't even exist a decade ago.
ref: 2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 367:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
genetics
medicine
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The complete set of proteins encoded by a particular genome.
Hyponyms: secretome
phosphoproteome
Derived terms: acetylproteome
antiproteinase
endoproteinase
epiproteome
exoproteome
immunoproteome
leukoproteinase
lipoproteinase
melanoproteinase
metalloproteinase
miniproteinase
multiproteinase
panproteinase
phosphoproteome
selenoproteome
subproteome
Related terms: proteomics
proteomic
pseudourea
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pseudoureas
Etymology: From pseudo- + urea.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: isourea
pyranose
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pyranoses
Etymology: From pyran + -ose.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: any cyclic hemiacetal form of a monosaccharide having a six-membered ring (based on tetrahydropyran)
Derived terms: fructopyranose
fucopyranose
galactopyranose
glucopyranose
heptopyranose
idopyranose
ketopyranose
mannopyranose
pyranoid
rhamnopyranose
ribopyranose
xylopyranose
Related terms: pyran
pyranosyl
furanose
water clock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water clocks
form: waterclock
Senses: glosses: A device for measuring time using water, typically by measuring water flowing in or out of a basin of known size at a known rate.
Synonyms: word: clepsydra
Hypernyms: clock and chronometer
tetrahydropyran
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tetrahydropyrans
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A six-membered heterocyclic ether having five carbon atoms and one oxygen; the core structure of pyranose sugars.
Synonyms: oxane
pentamethylene oxide
file shredder
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: file shredders
Etymology: Analogous to a paper shredder
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A software program designed to overwrite the contents of a data file (or other space on a disk) to prevent recovery of the file contents.
Related terms: overwriter
eraser
high-water mark
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: high-water marks
head_nr: 1
form: Antonym: low-water mark
head_nr: 2
Senses: examples: text: This imposing structure, which not only carries the single track branch line but also the gas main supplying the Forest of Dean area, cost £200,000 when it was built in 1879, and at its highest point is 70ft above the high-water mark.
ref: 1961 January, “Talking of Trains: The Severn Bridge disaster”, in Trains Illustrated, page 5:
text: Madocks built his model town on land partly reclaimed from the sea, and was justifiably proud of the fact that it stood well below what was still the official high-water mark. Until then, the surrounding area was largely marshland.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 385, about Tremadog:
head_nr: 2
qualifier: literal
glosses: A mark, such as a line of seaweed, showing the highest level reached by a body of water.
examples: text: The Gettysburg campaign was the high-water mark of the Confederacy's invasions of the North.
head_nr: 2
glosses: The peak, apex or acme of something; the maximum level; the furthest or highest point.
quinarene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quinarenes
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any mancude assembly of three carbocyclic rings having a six-membered quinonoid ring bonded (in the 1,4 positions) to two odd-membered rings whose size differs by two.
mancude
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: See mancude-ring system.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Describing a mancude-ring system.
carbocyclic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From carbo- + cyclic.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: describing a ring, all of whose atoms are carbon
Derived terms: -cavir
quinonoid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From quinone + -oid.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Of, relating to, or having the structure of a quinone
quinonoid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quinonoids
Etymology: From quinone + -oid.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any compound that resembles a quinone but in which the >C=O groups are replaced by carbon-to-carbon double bonds
ichthyoses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ichthyosis
acrobatics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ætɪks
Etymology: From acrobat + -ics.
Senses: glosses: The art of performing acrobatic gymnastic feats.
examples: text: […] he performs linguistic acrobatics, bringing a new sense of language into the theatre, combining lexiconic esoterica with street speech.
ref: 2000, The Cambridge History of American Theatre, →ISBN, page 218:
glosses: A spectacular display of agility.
Derived terms: Acroyoga
aerobatics
aquabatics
mental acrobatics
sport acrobatics
aimlessly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪmləsli/
Forms: form: more aimlessly
form: most aimlessly
Etymology: From aimless + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: He wandered aimlessly through the crowd.
text: Half a dozen deserted boats pitched aimlessly upon the confusion of the waves.
ref: 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 103:
text: But now, as I strolled out on the lawn, still nursing a grudge against my friend’s high-handedness, I saw Lawrence on the croquet lawn, aimlessly knocking a couple of very ancient balls about, with a still more ancient mallet.
ref: 1920, Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, London: Pan Books, published 1954, page 120:
text: The player is free to create their own narrative within a much larger set of possible designed narrative options, or, given the geographic and dialogical openness of Morrowind, to refuse the creation of any narrative but their own and wander aimlessly through the game.
ref: 2015, Angus Slater, “Prophecy, Pre-destination, and Free-form Gameplay: The Nerevarine Prophecy in Bethesda’s ‘Morrowind’”, in Online: Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, volume 7, →DOI, page 175:
glosses: Without an aim, purpose or direction; in an aimless manner.
clenching
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of clench
clenching
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: clenchings
Senses: examples: text: Many of the clenchings [of muscles] were uncoordinated, and one would guess that they occurred more and more as the sleep synchronized.
ref: 1965, Edward J. Murray, Sleep, dreams, and arousal, page 151:
glosses: The act by which something (a fist, a jaw, etc.) is clenched.
clenching
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more clenching
form: most clenching
Senses: examples: text: Possibly I might be blamed a bit for my truantry, but the recapture of the Hispaniola was a clenching answer, and I hoped that even Captain Smollett would confess I had not lost my time.
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
glosses: Alternative form of clinching (“that settles something definitely”).
grimacing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of grimace
grimacing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grimacings
Senses: examples: text: The next morning Oswald stopped short in the middle of his shaving, which in his case involved the most tortuous deflections and grimacings.
ref: 1918, H. G. Wells, Joan and Peter:
glosses: The act of making a grimace.
numbly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more numbly
form: most numbly
Etymology: From numb + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a numb manner; without feeling.
raki
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹækə/
ipa: /ɹæˈkɜː/
ipa: /ˈɹæki/
rhymes: -æki
Forms: form: rakis
form: rakee
Etymology: From Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı), from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq, “arrack, arak”), literally, “sweat”, “condensate,” which refers to an ouzo-like liqueur made of raisins. Doublet of rakija.
Senses: glosses: A Turkish liqueur flavored with anise.
Related terms: rakija
arrack
arak
hinted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɪntɪd/
rhymes: -ɪntɪd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of hint
ensued
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of ensue
deformed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfɔːmd/
Forms: form: more deformed
form: most deformed
Senses: examples: text: Most foreland fold and thrust belts are linear or arcuate belts of folds and thrust faults that form a marginal part of an orogenic belt between an undeformed craton and a more intensely deformed inner zone.
ref: 1980, B. C. Burchfiel, “Foreland Fold and Thrust Belts—Review”, in AAPG Bulletin, volume 64, number 5, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, →DOI, page 684:
glosses: Unusual of shape; misshapen.
Synonyms: malformed
misproportioned
misshapen
Derived terms: deformedly
deformedness
deformed wing virus
hyperdeformed
megadeformed
nondeformed
predeformed
retrodeformed
superdeformed
super deformed
undeformed
deformed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfɔːmd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of deform
healed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /hiːld/
homophone: heeled
rhymes: -iːld
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of heal
Derived terms: unhealed
legions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of legion
downy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaʊni/
rhymes: -aʊni
homophone: Downie
Forms: form: downier
form: downiest
Etymology: From down + -y.
Senses: examples: text: The chick's downy coat of feathers formed almost immediately to keep it warm.
glosses: Having down, covered with a soft fuzzy coating as of small feathers or hair.
examples: text: The right hon. Gentleman has much more claim to the adjective downy than I have, but he really cannot catch me with that one.
ref: 1947, Sir David Maxwell Fyfe, Speech in UK House of Commons, 10th November 1947
text: I’m not clever, p’raps: but I am rather downy; and partial friends say I know what’s o’clock tolerably well.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 10, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
glosses: Sharp-witted, perceptive.
glosses: Low-spirited; down in the mouth.
Derived terms: downily
downiness
downy birch
downy rattlesnake
downy willow
downy woodpecker
undowny
downy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaʊni/
rhymes: -aʊni
homophone: Downie
Forms: form: downies
Etymology: From down + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Went to bed with 2 downies on the bed, but the heat finally kicked in and ended with one cover and my feet sticking out.
ref: 2013, Dorothy M. Jensen, The Little Girl From 311 Travis Street, page 246:
glosses: A blanket filled with down; a duvet.
examples: text: to do the downy (i.e. lie in bed)
text: "Lord love you, Mr. Scott, I've a deal to do before I get to my downy; and I don't like those doctored tipples. Good night, Mr. Scott; I wishes you good night, sir;" and making another slight reference to his hat, which had not been removed from his head during the whole interview, Mr. Manylodes took himself off.
ref: 1857, Anthony Trollope, The Three Clerks, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, page 181:
glosses: A bed.
Derived terms: downy mildew
downy oak
daub
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɔːb/
ipa: /dɔb/
ipa: /dɑb/
rhymes: -ɔːb
Forms: form: daubs
Etymology: From Middle English daub (noun), from Middle English dauben (“to plaster or whitewash; cover with clay; bespatter”, verb), from Old Northern French dauber (“to whitewash; plaster”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Latin dealbāre (“to whiten thoroughly”).
Senses: glosses: Excrement or clay used as a bonding material in construction.
glosses: A soft coating of mud, plaster, etc.
examples: text: Ah, but what if he penned what in the art schools they call an 'artist's statement' wherein he explained the relation of his gibberish or his daubs to the mainstream of art or writing?
ref: 2008, Joseph Agassi, Ian Charles Jarvie, A Critical Rationalist Aesthetics, page 16:
glosses: A crude or amateurish painting.
Derived terms: wattle and daub
Related terms: sense: dab
word: dab
sense: dab
word: pat
sense: dab
word: splat
conflicts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of conflict
conflicts
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of conflict
bathtub
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɑːθtʌb/
ipa: /ˈbæθtʊb/
ipa: /ˈbæθtʌb/
note: Dublin
ipa: /ˈbaːtːʊb/
Forms: form: bathtubs
Etymology: From bath + tub.
Senses: glosses: A large container for holding water in which a person may bathe (take a bath).
Synonyms: sense: large container for water
word: bath
sense: large container for water
word: lavatory
sense: large container for water
word: tub
Derived terms: bathtubby
bathtub cockpit
bathtub curve
bathtubful
bathtub gin
bathtub racing
bathtub ring
bathtub theorem
recklessness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: recklessnesses
form: rechlessness
form: retchlessness
Etymology: From Middle English reklesnes, reklesnesse, rekelesnesse (also assibiliated as rechelesnes, reccheleesnesse), from Old English rēcelēasnes (“recklessness, carelessness, negligence”), equivalent to reckless + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: His recklessness repeatedly put him in danger.
text: At such times, how we marvel at our usual recklessness, and pause, as it were, shrinking from the busy and inevitable current which is hurrying us on to eternity!
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXI, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 228:
text: Partly because of the heavy burden of government debt built up during his stewardship, and the uncurbed recklessness of the country’s banks, Britain’s recession is already the harshest in Western Europe.
ref: 2009 March 29, John F. Burns, “Anglo-American Capitalism on Trial”, in The New York Times:
glosses: The state or quality of being reckless or heedless, of taking unnecessary risks.
surrendered
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of surrender
vanquished
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: We were the cause of the recovery of all the enemy people in Eastern Europe, and North and Southeast Asia. It's an unusual situation, an unusual program because the victor hardly ever helps the vanquished to recover. We did just that.
ref: 1964, Harry S. Truman, 3:12 from the start, in MP2002-479 Former President Truman Recalls Negotiating With DeGaulle and France after WWII, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:
text: HSTs continued to provide sterling service during these years, so much so that when Virgin and Midland Mainline brought their new wave of high-speed diesel electric multiple units [...] on stream, many preferred the ride and comfort of the vanquished to the ride and comfort of the vanquisher.
ref: 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, page 53:
glosses: Defeated.
vanquished
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of vanquish
roughness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: roughnesses
Etymology: From Middle English roughnes, roughnesse, equivalent to rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”).
Senses: examples: text: The roughness of the road made me wonder if my car would fall apart.
glosses: The property of being rough, coarseness.
examples: text: A variety of suitable methods for surface inspection are available to detect topographical defects induced by surface roughnesses such as scratches, digs, inclusions and spatters.
ref: 2003, Klaus Bange, “Surfaces of Substrate Glasses”, in Thin Films on Glass, Springer Science & Business Media, page 101:
glosses: Something that is rough; a rough spot.
examples: text: With this latter implement, the corn stalk fodder, shucks, oats, hay and other "roughness" may be finely cut up […]
ref: 1855, Southern Cultivator, volume 13, page 258:
glosses: Roughage; coarse fodder.
glosses: Abundance, especially of food.
examples: text: The surface roughness was low.
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface
Derived terms: macroroughness
microroughness
nanoroughness
roughness length
coarseness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coarsenesses
Etymology: From coarse + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The property of being coarse, roughness or primitiveness, unrefined or unpolished.
examples: text: coarseness of food, texture, manners, or language
text: All this was extraordinarily distasteful to Churchill. It was ugly, gross. […] Never before had he felt such repulsion when the vicar displayed his characteristic bluntness or coarseness of speech. In the present connection—[…]—such talk had been distressingly out of place.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, pages 198–199:
glosses: The quality or state of being coarse
examples: text: This sketch is rather coarse, but probably it is as little exaggerated as could be expected from Walpole. The society which it illustrates abounded with such coarsenesses. Princesses were not expected to exhibit much propriety—nor Duchesses to be overburthened with delicacy.
ref: 1851, Eliot Warburton, “Walpole in Paris”, in Memoirs of Horace Walpole and His Contemporaries; […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 304:
text: Hogarth does not refrain from introducing a sign in his engraving “Noon,” of 1738, showing the Baptist’s head on a charger, with the cynical inscription “Good Eating.” Whether such coarsenesses were actually perpetrated, even under the lax régime of Charles II in England, when frivolity reigned after the fall of Cromwell, it is hard to decide.
ref: 1916 November, Fritz Endell, “Ecclesiastical Hospitality and Its Signs”, in Old Tavern Signs: An Excursion in the History of Hospitality, [Boston, Mass.]: Houghton Mifflin Company, →OCLC, pages 73–74:
text: In fact, Angela Lansbury’s bawdy, chattering, equivocal Granny—a super opportunity glintily grasped—is as likely to entertain young Rosaleen with such coarsenesses as ‘. . . and she found another husband not too shy to piss into a pot’ as to scare her with warnings about men whose eyebrows meet: […]
ref: 1984 September 21, John Coleman, “Films”, in New Statesman, volume 108, London, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 41, column 3:
glosses: Something that is coarse.
excuses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of excuse
excuses
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of excuse
prized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪzd/
rhymes: -aɪzd
homophone: prised
Forms: form: more prized
form: most prized
Senses: examples: text: His prized possession was his child.
glosses: Highly valued, cherished.
Derived terms: unprized
prized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪzd/
rhymes: -aɪzd
homophone: prised
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of prize
wisest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of wise: most wise
huts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hʌts/
rhymes: -ʌts
Senses: glosses: plural of hut
huts
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /hʌts/
rhymes: -ʌts
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of hut
transactions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of transaction
misdeed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈdiːd/
rhymes: -iːd
Forms: form: misdeeds
Etymology: From Middle English misdede, from Old English misdǣd (“misdeed”), from Proto-West Germanic *missadādi, from Proto-Germanic *missadēdiz (“misdeed”); equivalent to mis- + deed. Cognate with Scots misded (“misdeed”), West Frisian misdied (“misdeed”), Dutch misdaad (“misdeed”), German Missetat (“misdeed”), Swedish missdåd (“misdeed”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌸𐍃 (missadēþs, “misdeed”).
Senses: examples: text: The petty misdeeds of his youth came back to haunt him when he ran for political office and his character was smeared.
text: These [putting feet on seats and leaving rubbish behind] are officially among the worst habits revealed by staff working on Northern's trains and at stations. Other bugbears include playing music through loudspeakers, not giving way to passengers getting off the train and actually illegal activities such as fare evasion and vaping in enclosed spaces. The list of misdeeds was released by the operator on March 3 to coincide with Employee Appreciation Day.
ref: 2023 March 22, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 979, page 71:
glosses: That which was done that should not have been, ranging from any sin or moral offense to various degrees of crime.
Synonyms: misdemeanor
misdoing
Derived terms: misdeedy
Related terms: misdo
misdoer
mischief
reigning
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹeɪnɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪnɪŋ
homophone: raining
homophone: reining
Senses: examples: text: The reigning world heavyweight champion said he'd defend his title once more and then retire even if he won.
text: The reigning monarch, King George VI, is commemorated by two express engines—G.W.R. "King" 4-6-0 No. 6028 and L.M.S.R. streamlined Pacific No. 6244—[…].
ref: 1945 July and August, “Notes and News: Duplicate Locomotive Names”, in Railway Magazine, page 235:
glosses: Currently ruling or holding a position.
Synonyms: regnant
reigning
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹeɪnɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪnɪŋ
homophone: raining
homophone: reining
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of reign
chilled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪld/
rhymes: -ɪld
Forms: form: more chilled
form: most chilled
Etymology: From Middle English chilled, chylled, equivalent to chill + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: The chilled beer was refreshing on the hot day.
text: In the northern hemisphere, June 21 has the most daylight hours. Pack a picnic—a chilled bottle of Sancerre, cheese, olives, and a nice baguette—and hit the grassy knoll.
ref: 2008 January–February, Matt Bean, “Your cultural calendar: 7 things to look forward to this year”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 135:
glosses: Cooled.
glosses: Having chills, filled with an uncomfortable sense of fear, dread, or alarm.
glosses: Chilled out; relaxed.
Derived terms: nonchilled
prechilled
superchilled
chilled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪld/
rhymes: -ɪld
Etymology: From Middle English chilled, chylled, equivalent to chill + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past of chill
jointly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From joint + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: They jointly raised the child, even though they were no longer married.
text: Interlaken East station is jointly owned with the standard gauge Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon Railway from Bern and Thun and the Swiss Federal Railways metre-gauge Brünig line from Lucerne, but is managed and staffed by the Bernese Oberland group.
ref: 1960 December 24, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 750:
text: As a result of that Ministerial, the four Attorneys General – of the United States, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras – have jointly pledged to target MS-13.
ref: 2017 April 18, “DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FACT SHEET ON MS-13”, in United States Department of Justice, page 2:
glosses: Together, acting as one; collectively.
Synonyms: word: collectively
word: en masse
word: mutually
word: aggregately
word: collaboratively
word: conjointly
word: generally
word: jointly
word: together
Derived terms: jointly and severally
ribs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪbz/
rhymes: -ɪbz
Senses: glosses: plural of rib
ribs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪbz/
rhymes: -ɪbz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of rib
showers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of shower
showers
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of shower
seawater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: seawaters
form: sea water
Etymology: From Middle English seewater, se water, from Old English sǣwæter (“seawater”), equivalent to sea + water. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Seewoater (“seawater”), West Frisian seewetter (“seawater”), Dutch zeewater (“seawater”), Icelandic sjóvatn (“seawater”).
Senses: glosses: The saltwater of a sea or ocean.
Hypernyms: water
seawater
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: sea water
Etymology: From Middle English seewater, se water, from Old English sǣwæter (“seawater”), equivalent to sea + water. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Seewoater (“seawater”), West Frisian seewetter (“seawater”), Dutch zeewater (“seawater”), Icelandic sjóvatn (“seawater”).
Senses: examples: The continual seawater splashes corroded our equipment
glosses: Consisting of seawater.
examples: The sharks in the aquarium had to be kept in a seawater tank
Aboard the ship we needed seawater soap for washing our clothes
Though it was a nuisance to arrange them, we found the seawater showers very refreshing
glosses: Associated in some way with seawater, or intended for dealing with seawater.
bathed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /beɪðd/
rhymes: -eɪðd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of bathe
bathed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /beɪðd/
rhymes: -eɪðd
Forms: form: more bathed
form: most bathed
Senses: glosses: clean after having bathed
Derived terms: unbathed
bathed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /beɪðd/
rhymes: -eɪðd
ipa: /bæθt/
ipa: /bɑːθt/
rhymes: -æθt
rhymes: -ɑːθt
ipa: /beɪðd/
rhymes: -eɪðd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of bath
Augusta
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɡʌstə/
Etymology: From Latin Augusta, feminine of Augustus. The places are mostly named for British royalty.
Senses: examples: text: August, Charis named her, because that's when she was born. Warm breezes, baby powder, languorous heat, the smell of mown hay. Such a soft name. Too soft for her daughter, who has added an a. Augusta, she is now — a very different resonance. Marble statues, Roman noses, tight-lipped commanding mouths.
ref: 1993, Margaret Atwood, Robber Bride, Virago Press, published 2013, →ISBN, page 48:
glosses: A female given name from Latin.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city, the county seat of Woodruff County, Arkansas.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city, the county seat of Richmond County, in east-central Georgia; also see Disgusta.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Illinois.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city in Butler County, Kansas.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city in Kentucky.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
The capital city of Maine, United States and the county seat of Kennebec County.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Michigan.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Carver County, Minnesota.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city in Missouri.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A census-designated place in Montana.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Sussex County, New Jersey.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in New York.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Hampshire County, West Virginia.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city in Wisconsin.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A number of townships in the United States, listed under Augusta Township.
glosses: A township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, eastern Ontario, Canada.
glosses: A town in Sicily, Italy.
glosses: A town in the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River, Western Australia.
glosses: A habitational surname from Italian, from the town in Sicily.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname or place name.
Derived terms: Augusta County
Augusta-Margaret River
Augusta Springs
Gussie
New Augusta
Port Augusta
fetters
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of fetter
fetters
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of fetter
intestines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of intestine
unwillingness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: unwillingnesses
Etymology: From unwilling + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: In the second extract, the teacher formulated Anna's resistance as reported by Tonie as a prewillingness rather than unwillingness. She constructed Anna's prewillingness as founded in her precompetence, rather than incompetence.
ref: 2005, Helena Austin, Bronwyn Dwyer, Peter Freebody, Schooling the Child: The Making of Students in Classrooms:
glosses: The property of being unwilling.
pursuer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pursuers
Etymology: From pursue + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who pursues.
examples: text: On his area the pursuer built a dwelling-house, of which the gable and garden-wall were mutual with his neighbour Smith […]
ref: 1809, Faculty of Advocates (Scotland), Decisions of the Court of Sessions, from 1752 to 1808, page 216:
qualifier: Scots law
glosses: The party who initiates a lawsuit; a plaintiff.
newness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈn(j)uːnəs/
rhymes: -uːnəs
Forms: form: newnesses
Etymology: From Middle English newnesse, from Old English nīewnes (“newness, novelty”), equivalent to new + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: The newness of the car meant it still had that funny smell.
text: Surprised and rejoiced thus far at the unanticipated newness, and the sweet lucidness and simplicity of Isabel’s narrating, […] Pierre now, in handing the instrument to Isabel, could not entirely restrain something like a look of half-regret, accompanied rather strangely with a half-smile of gentle humor.
ref: 1852, Herman Melville, Pierre; or The Ambiguities:
glosses: The property of being new; novelty; recency.
Related terms: brand-newness
fairness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɛə.nəs/
ipa: /ˈfɛɚ.nəs/
ipa: /ˈfeː.nəs/
note: without the cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈfeə.nəs/
note: New Zealand, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈfiə.nəs/
ipa: /ˈfeɹ.nəs/
note: Lancashire, fair–fur merger
ipa: /ˈfɜː(ɹ).nəs/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)nəs
Forms: form: fairnesses
Etymology: From Middle English fairness, fæȝernesse, from Old English fæġernes (“fairness; beauty; pleasantness”), equivalent to fair + -ness. Cognate with Old High German fagarnessi (“fairness”).
Senses: examples: text: Some questioned the fairness of the new laws.
text: The reason why fairness in taxation matters is institutionalized unfairness rots society from the inside, and the social order and economy eventually collapse.
ref: 2024 January 28, Charles Hugh Smith, Our Tax System Is an Unfair Mess: Here's How to Fix It:
glosses: The property of being fair or equitable.
synonyms: fairhood
beauty
glosses: The property of being fair or beautiful.
Derived terms: fairness doctrine
in all fairness
in fairness
max-min fairness
unfairness
beliefs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of belief
blindly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈblaɪndli/
rhymes: -aɪndli
Forms: form: more blindly
form: most blindly
Etymology: From Middle English blindly, blyndly, from Old English blindlīċe (“in a blind manner; blindly; rashly”), equivalent to blind + -ly. Cognate with Swedish blindligt (“blindly”), Icelandic blindlega (“blindly”). Compare also West Frisian blindich (“blindly”), Dutch blindelings (“blindly”), German blindlings (“blindly”).
Senses: examples: text: I stumbled blindly through the forest, branches whipping at my face.
synonyms: eyelessly
sightlessly
glosses: In a blind manner; without sight.
examples: text: 1940 March 19, Albert Einstein, letter to Morris Raphael Cohen
The mediocre mind is incapable of understanding the man who refuses to bow blindly to conventional prejudices and chooses instead to express his opinions courageously and honestly.
text: Human,
"To hate blindly is as dangerous as to trust blindly." An old angaran proverb, one of many I have forgotten somewhere along the way.
ref: 2017, BioWare, quoting Akksul, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: No Subject:
synonyms: unthinkingly
coordinate_terms: carelessly
rotely
glosses: Without consideration or question.
diamond crossover
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: diamond crossovers
Etymology: Named after the diamond crossing in its center.
Senses: examples: text: "In 15 is illustrated the diamond crossover, one of the many kinds in common use."
ref: 1916, Lee O. Kellogg, editor, Details of Practical Mining, page 458:
text: "It travelled on until the bogie fouled a diamond crossover at the north end of the station where derailment became complete."
ref: 1955, L.T.C. Rolt, Red for Danger: A History of Railway Accidents and Railway Safety Precautions, page 104:
text: "Increased height is necessary when scales or a double hump lead with diamond crossover is placed on the descending slope of the hump."
ref: 1956, Robert William Abbett, American Civil Engineering Practice, page 2:
text: "A diamond crossover provides each track with access to the entire yard."
ref: 1958, S. Kip Farrington, Railroads of the Hour, page 230:
text: "Each chamber contains a diamond crossover designed for 60 km/h running."
ref: 1995, Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain), The Channel Tunnel, →ISBN, page 20:
text: "The closed-deck ballasted bridge is double-tracked and opens up to a third track through a combination diamond-crossover and double-slip switch before it reaches the bulkhead on the Hoboken side."
ref: 2002 August, Paul Jannotti, “Thinking outside the box on light rail: Hudson-Bergen project”, in Railway Track and Structures:
text: 2004 — U.S. Federal Register, v. 69 #101, May 25, 2004, p. 29780.
"The reason given for the proposed changes is that the crossover and switches were installed to replace a diamond crossover. The BNSF is taking their north connecting track out of service, so the control point with the crossover is no longer needed."
text: ~2005 — Robert Ferreira, "North Springs Branch", in "MARTA North Springs and Doraville Branches", http://world.nycsubway.org/us/atlanta/marta-northbranches.html.
"In December, 1999 a new diamond crossover interlocking was placed into service at Medical Center."
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: superimposed pair of railway crossovers, resembling a letter X, permitting to travel in either direction between a pair of parallel tracks
Synonyms: scissors crossover
scissor crossover
Hypernyms: double crossover
roadside
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹəʊdsaɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹoʊdsaɪd/
Etymology: From road + -side.
Senses: examples: text: The roadside stand did a good business just selling products to people who merely wanted directions.
text: I was rather impressed with the neat and tidy appearance of these roadside stations, many of which had their name boards painted in the blue and white colours of the Scottish Region.
ref: 1950 January, Arthur F. Beckenham, “With British Railways to the Far North”, in Railway Magazine, pages 5–6:
text: The roadside section of the tramway is limited to 12 m.p.h., except over the oblique road crossings, where speed is restricted to 4 m.p.h., with a compulsory stop immediately before.
ref: 1951 May, R. K. Kirkland, “The Cavan & Leitrim Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 344:
text: David Cameron has said the government will "look carefully" at the use of heavily armoured vehicles after three British soldiers were killed in Afghanistan by a roadside bomb while travelling in a Mastiff troop carrier.
ref: 2013 May 1, Nicholas Watt, Nick Hopkins, The Guardian:
qualifier: noun modifier
glosses: Located beside a road (or railway).
Derived terms: roadside assist
roadside bomb
roadside Romeo
roadside thistle
roadside verbena
roadside
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹəʊdsaɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹoʊdsaɪd/
Forms: form: roadsides
Etymology: From road + -side.
Senses: examples: text: I pulled over to the roadside to check the map.
synonyms: side of the road
glosses: The area on either side of a road.
Derived terms: roadside hawk
enraged
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ĕn-rājd′
ipa: /ɛnˈɹeɪ̯d͡ʒd/
ipa: /ɛnˈɹeɪ̯d͡ʒd/
ipa: /ɛnˈɹed͡ʒd/
ipa: /ɛnˈɾeːd͡ʒɖ/
rhymes: -eɪdʒd
Forms: form: more enraged
form: most enraged
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English [Term?]. By surface analysis, enrage + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: an enraged judge
text: he was enraged
text: Supported by an enraged and desperate public, this new alliance set out to achieve two goals.
text: For quotations using this term, see Citations:enraged.
glosses: Angered, made furious, made full of rage.
examples: text: Of thirty bare yeares haue I
twice twenty bin enraged,
& of forty bin three tymes fifteene
in durance soundlie caged,
On yͤ lordlie loftes of Bedlam
with stubble softe & dainty,
braue braceletts Strong, sweet whips ding dong
with wholesome hunger plenty
ref: c. 1620, anonymous, “Tom o’ Bedlam’s Song” in Giles Earle his Booke (British Museum, Additional MSS. 24, 665)
glosses: Insane, mad.
Derived terms: enragedly
unenraged
enraged
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ĕn-rājd′
ipa: /ɛnˈɹeɪ̯d͡ʒd/
ipa: /ɛnˈɹeɪ̯d͡ʒd/
ipa: /ɛnˈɹed͡ʒd/
ipa: /ɛnˈɾeːd͡ʒɖ/
rhymes: -eɪdʒd
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English [Term?]. By surface analysis, enrage + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of enrage
Republic of Djibouti
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Republic of Djibouti
Senses: glosses: Official name of Djibouti: a country in East Africa.