cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
cram
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹæm/
rhymes: -æm
Forms: form: crams
form: cramming
form: crammed
form: crammed
Etymology: From Middle English crammen, from Old English crammian (“to cram; stuff”), from Proto-West Germanic *krammōn, from Proto-Germanic *krammōną, a secondary verb derived from *krimmaną (“to stuff”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to assemble; collect; gather”). Compare Old English crimman (“to cram; stuff; insert; press; bruise”), Icelandic kremja (“to squeeze; crush; bruise”).
Senses: examples: text: to cram fruit into a basket; to cram a room with people
text: Are we to blame Livingstone for Tube overcrowding? In part, yes, but as Sir John Eliot had observed in 1955, while Chairman of the London Transport Executive: 'They're not crammed in. They cram themselves in.'
ref: 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 244:
text: The storm has passed when I arrive at Southampton Central, but more fun is to come. The station platforms and waiting rooms are crammed with people, many toting enormous amounts of baggage as they have just come off a cruise liner.
ref: 2022 November 16, Paul Bigland, “From rural branches to high-speed arteries”, in RAIL, number 970, page 55:
glosses: To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrusting one thing into another; to stuff; to fill to superfluity.
examples: text: The boy crammed himself with cake
glosses: To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.
examples: text: A pupil is crammed by his tutor.
glosses: To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination.
glosses: To study hard; to swot.
glosses: To eat greedily, and to satiety; to stuff oneself.
glosses: To lie; to intentionally not tell the truth.
glosses: To make (a person) believe false or exaggerated tales.
Derived terms: cramdown
cram-full
cram it
crammable
crammer
cram school
cram session
cram together
overcram
uncram
uncrammed
cram
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹæm/
rhymes: -æm
Forms: form: crams
Etymology: From Middle English crammen, from Old English crammian (“to cram; stuff”), from Proto-West Germanic *krammōn, from Proto-Germanic *krammōną, a secondary verb derived from *krimmaną (“to stuff”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to assemble; collect; gather”). Compare Old English crimman (“to cram; stuff; insert; press; bruise”), Icelandic kremja (“to squeeze; crush; bruise”).
Senses: examples: text: But Billy Bunter was only the first in the field. As the news spread, there was a crowd, not to call it a cram, in No. 7 Study: […]
ref: 1952, Frank Richards, Billy Bunter and the Blue Mauritius:
glosses: The act of cramming (forcing or stuffing something).
examples: text: a cram from an examination
glosses: Information hastily memorized.
topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
weaving
glosses: A warp having more than two threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.
examples: text: It is awful, an old un like that telling such crams as she do.
ref: 1864, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, Uncle Silas:
text: Shut up, and don't tell crams.
ref: 1894, Talbot Baines Reed, Tom, Dick, and Harry, page 107:
synonyms: word: alternative fact
word: anti-fact
word: invention
word: bluff
word: bollocks
word: bullshit
word: canard
word: cap
word: chin
word: clanker
word: contradiction
word: cram
word: disinformation
word: fabrication
word: falsehood
word: falsification
word: fib
word: flam
word: goof
word: hoax
word: hummer
word: inveracity
word: inverity
word: jive
word: lie
word: mendacity
word: misinformation
word: mistruth
word: nonsense
word: nontruth
word: pork pie
word: porker
word: porky
word: prevarication
word: red flag
word: rubbish
word: story
word: swack-up
word: tall tale
word: terminological inexactitude
word: untruism
word: untruth
word: whopper
word: wisker
word: yanker
word: yed
glosses: A lie; a falsehood.
glosses: A mathematical board game in which players take turns placing dominoes horizontally or vertically until no more can be placed, the loser being the player who cannot continue.
examples: text: Regular friendship books had a variety of variations, such as slams, crams, and decos.
ref: 2017, Mark Duffett, Fan Identities and Practices in Context: Dedicated to Music, page 194:
text: Pen pals also make and pass around friendship books, slams and crams. In recent years, pen pal correspondence with prison inmates has gained acceptance on the Internet.
ref: 2019, Manjit Bal, Lovingly Yours - Penpals:
glosses: A small friendship book with limited space for people to enter their information.
Related terms: cram-cram
cranky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹæŋki/
rhymes: -æŋki
Forms: form: crankier
form: crankiest
Etymology: From crank + -y. Compare Middle Low German krankich (“sickly, unwell”).
Senses: examples: text: We had seven canoes, all of them dugouts. One was small, one was cranky, and two were old, waterlogged, and leaky. The other three were good.
ref: 1914, Theodore Roosevelt, Through the Brazilian Wilderness: The River of Doubt:
text: Margaret Cerullo gave a rousing speech, despite the pesky interruptions of a cranky sound system.
ref: 1987 December 6, Kris Kleindienst, “Sex On The Table”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 21, page 6:
synonyms: shaky
glosses: Not in good working condition; defective, faulty.
raw_tags: of a machine
examples: text: He got home from a long day at work tired and cranky.
glosses: Grouchy, grumpy, irritable; easily upset.
examples: text: Uncle Esau is as cranky as hell, and a peculiar old duck, but I think he'll like a fine upstanding young man as big as you be.
ref: 1934 December, Robert E. Howard, “The Road to Bear Creek”, in Action Stories:
glosses: Not in perfect mental working order; eccentric, peculiar.
examples: text: a cranky vessel
glosses: Synonym of crank (“of a ship: liable to capsize because of poorly stowed cargo or insufficient ballast”).
synonyms: word: crank
extra: of a ship: liable to capsize because of poorly stowed cargo or insufficient ballast
glosses: Full of spirit; spirited.
glosses: Weak, unwell.
Derived terms: crankily
crankiness
cranny
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹæni/
rhymes: -æni
Forms: form: crannies
Etymology: From Middle English crany, crani (“cranny”), apparently a diminutive of *cran (+ -y), from Old French cran, cren (“notch, fissure”), a derivative of crener (“to notch, split”), from Medieval Latin crenō (“split”, verb), from Vulgar Latin *crinō (“split, break”, verb), of obscure origin.
Despite a spurious use in Pliny, connection to Latin crēna is doubtful. Instead, probably of Germanic or Celtic origin. Compare Old High German chrinna (“notch, groove, crevice”), Alemannic German Krinne (“small crack, channel, groove”), Low German karn (“notch, groove, crevice, cranny”), Old Irish ara-chrinin (“to perish, decay”).
Senses: examples: text: Down thro the Cranies of the living Walls / The Crystal Streams descend in murm'ring Falls
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 208, line 237:
text: [H]e peep'd into every Cranny; ſometimes he admir'd the Beauty of the Architecture, and the vaſt Solidity of the Maſon's VVork; at other Times he commended the Symmetry and Proportion of the Rooms.
ref: 1733, Humphry Polesworth [pseudonym; John Arbuthnot], Alexander Pope, compiler, “Law is a Bottomless Pit. Or, The History of John Bull. […]. The Second Part. Chapter XXII. Of the Great Joy that John Express’d when He Got Possession of Ecclesdown.”, in Miscellanies, 2nd edition, volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, page 170:
text: What a pity they didn’t stop up the chinks and the crannies though, and thrust in a little lint here and there.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter II, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 10:
glosses: A small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice, or chink, as in a wall, or other substance.
glosses: A tool for forming the necks of bottles, etc.
Related terms: any nook or cranny
every nook and cranny
nook and cranny
nook or cranny
cranny
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹæni/
rhymes: -æni
Forms: form: crannies
form: crannying
form: crannied
form: crannied
Etymology: From Middle English crany, crani (“cranny”), apparently a diminutive of *cran (+ -y), from Old French cran, cren (“notch, fissure”), a derivative of crener (“to notch, split”), from Medieval Latin crenō (“split”, verb), from Vulgar Latin *crinō (“split, break”, verb), of obscure origin.
Despite a spurious use in Pliny, connection to Latin crēna is doubtful. Instead, probably of Germanic or Celtic origin. Compare Old High German chrinna (“notch, groove, crevice”), Alemannic German Krinne (“small crack, channel, groove”), Low German karn (“notch, groove, crevice, cranny”), Old Irish ara-chrinin (“to perish, decay”).
Senses: examples: text: The ground did cranie everie where and light did pierce to hell.
ref: 1567, Arthur Golding: Ovid's Metamophoses; Bk. 2, line 333
glosses: To break into, or become full of, crannies.
examples: text: All tenantless, save to the crannying wind.
ref: 1812–1818, Lord Byron, “(please specify |canto=I to IV)”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. , London: John Murray,, (please specify the stanza number):
glosses: To haunt or enter by crannies.
cranny
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹæni/
rhymes: -æni
Forms: form: crannies
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindustani किरानी (kirānī) / کِرانِی (kirānī).
Senses: glosses: A clerk writing English.
glosses: A member of the East Indians, or mixed-race people, from among whom English copyists were chiefly recruited.
crape
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: krāp
ipa: /kɹeɪp/
homophone: crepe
homophone: crêpe
rhymes: -eɪp
Forms: form: crapes
Etymology: Alteration of French crepe, from Middle French crespe (“curly”), from Latin crispus. Doublet of crisp and crepe.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of crepe (“a thin fabric, paper, or pancake”).
glosses: Mourning garments, especially an armband or hatband.
Derived terms: word: Canton crape
taxonomic: Leptopteris superba
word: crape fern
word: crapefish
word: crapehanger
word: crapehanging
taxonomic: Tabernaemontana divaricata
word: crape jasmine
word: crapelike
taxonomic: Tillandsia usneoides
word: crape moss
taxonomic: Lagerstroemia spp.
word: crape myrtle
taxonomic: Scandix pecten-veneris
word: crape needle
word: crapy
word: Victoria crape
crape
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: krāp
ipa: /kɹeɪp/
homophone: crepe
homophone: crêpe
rhymes: -eɪp
Forms: form: crapes
form: craping
form: craped
form: craped
Etymology: Alteration of French crepe, from Middle French crespe (“curly”), from Latin crispus. Doublet of crisp and crepe.
Senses: examples: a machine for craping silk
July 24, 1786, Frances Burney (aka Madame d'Arblay), diary
the hour for curling and craping the hair
glosses: To form into ringlets; to curl or crimp.
glosses: To clothe in crape.
crapy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -eɪpi
Forms: form: crapier
form: crapiest
Etymology: From crape + -y.
Senses: glosses: Resembling crape.
Synonyms: crapelike
crass
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹæs/
ipa: /kɹɑːs/
rhymes: -æs
Forms: form: crasser
form: crassest
Etymology: From Middle English cras, craas, from Old French cras, from Latin crassus (“dense, thick, gross, fat, heavy”). Doublet of grease.
Senses: examples: text: You guys would rather be with someone else who’s equal to your status in life. Tiger Woods, or somebody. I comes across as crass, a Neanderthal, a babbling idiot sometimes. I like to show you that person. I like that person.
ref: 2002, Mike Tyson to the Media:
antonyms: delicate
sensitive
refined
glosses: Coarse; crude; unrefined or insensitive; lacking discrimination or taste.
glosses: Materialistic.
glosses: Physically dense or thick.
examples: text: 8. They require that crass stupidities shall not be played upon the reader as “the craft of the woodsman, the delicate art of the forest,” by either the author or the people in the tale.
ref: 1895 July, Mark Twain, “Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses”, in North American Review:
text: One may very easily fall into mistakes and errors when one is searching into the hidden causes of things, in the absence of real experiments, and this is easily apparent from the crass error of Cardan; who deems himself to have discovered the distances of the centres of the cosmos and of the earth through a variation of the magnetick iron of 9 degrees.
ref: 1900, William Gilbert, chapter 11, in On the Magnet:
text: The Albanians have a world ranking of 58, but even a side of fairly modest talents would surely have taken advantage of the kind of crass mistakes that Scotland made on Friday.
ref: 2018 September 7, Tom English, “Scotland 0-4 Belgium”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: Lacking finesse; crude and obvious.
Derived terms: crassly
crassness
crate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹeɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: crates
Etymology: From Dutch krat (“crate, large box, basket”), from Middle Dutch cratte (“basketware, mold”), from Old Dutch *kratta, *kratto (“basket”), from Proto-Germanic *kratjô, *krattijô (“basket”), from Proto-Indo-European *gretH- (“plaiting, wicker, basket, cradle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bind, twist, wind”).
Cognate with West Frisian kret (“wheelbarrow”), German Krätze (“basket”), Old English cræt, ceart (“cart, wagon, chariot”), Old Norse kartr (“wagon”), modern English cart. Wider cognates include Sanskrit ग्रन्थ (grantha, “a binding”).
Alternatively from Latin crātis (“wickerwork”), perhaps from the same PIE root.
Senses: synonyms: packing case
glosses: A large open box or basket, used especially to transport fragile goods.
examples: text: They shook the head of the unconscious pilot and when the latter opened his eyes, blinking wildly, the other members of the family lifted up the tail of the overturned crate sufficiently high enough to enable the dazed pilot, after releasing his belt, to fall out of the cockpit head first and disengage himself from the crack-up.
ref: 1936 November, Joseph R. James, “More Gates Air Circus Antics”, in Popular Aviation:
text: I will make this box of electronics and computer chips fly like no other spaceship has ever flown. Mission Control wanted to see what this crate could do.
ref: 2010, Gillian Coleby, Knocking on the Moonlit Door, page 99:
synonyms: word: banger
word: beater
word: bucket of bolts
word: bucket of rust
word: clunker
word: crate
word: crock
word: flivver
word: hooptie
word: jalopy
word: junker
word: lemon
word: old banger
word: rattletrap
word: rustbucket
word: shed
word: shitbox
word: shitpot
word: shitcan
word: shitbucket
word: tin Lizzie
word: wreck
glosses: A vehicle (car, aircraft, spacecraft, etc.) seen as unreliable.
examples: text: And Rust never compiles modules separately, even if they're in separate files: when you build a Rust crate, you're recompiling all of its modules.
ref: 2017, Jim Blandy, Jason Orendorff, Programming Rust: Fast, Safe Systems Development, "O'Reilly Media, Inc.", →ISBN, page 166:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: In the Rust programming language, a binary or library.
Derived terms: bottle crate
crate-dig
cratedigger
crate-digger
crate engine
crateful
crateload
cratemaker
cratemaking
crate motor
crate shy of a load
crate training
decrate
eggcrate
egg-crate
egg crate
gestation crate
loot crate
milkcrate
milk crate
prize crate
recrate
uncrate
veal crate
crate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹeɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: crates
form: crating
form: crated
form: crated
Etymology: From Dutch krat (“crate, large box, basket”), from Middle Dutch cratte (“basketware, mold”), from Old Dutch *kratta, *kratto (“basket”), from Proto-Germanic *kratjô, *krattijô (“basket”), from Proto-Indo-European *gretH- (“plaiting, wicker, basket, cradle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bind, twist, wind”).
Cognate with West Frisian kret (“wheelbarrow”), German Krätze (“basket”), Old English cræt, ceart (“cart, wagon, chariot”), Old Norse kartr (“wagon”), modern English cart. Wider cognates include Sanskrit ग्रन्थ (grantha, “a binding”).
Alternatively from Latin crātis (“wickerwork”), perhaps from the same PIE root.
Senses: examples: text: Then, in 1941, decision was reached between the Chungking and American authorities to transport these fossils to the United States for safekeeping, and they were crated and moved to a warehouse in Ch’in-huang-tao, a small port city northeast of Peking, into the custody of the U.S. Marines.
ref: 1968, Kwang-chih Chang, The Archaeology of Ancient China, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 51:
glosses: To put into a crate.
glosses: To keep in a crate.
crater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: craters
Etymology: First coined 1613, from Latin crātēr (“basin”), from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixing-bowl, wassail-bowl”).
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
synonyms: astrobleme
glosses: A hemispherical pit created by the impact of a meteorite or other object.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: The basin-like opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a geyser, about which a cone of silica is often built up.
examples: text: But signalman Bridges was never to answer driver Gimbert's desperate question. A deafening, massive blast blew the wagon to shreds, the 44 high-explosive bombs exploding like simultaneous hits from the aircraft they should have been dropped from. The station was instantly reduced to bits of debris, and the line to a huge crater.
ref: 2022 January 12, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, in RAIL, number 948, page 43:
glosses: The pit left by the explosion of a mine or bomb.
glosses: Any large, roughly circular depression or hole.
examples: text: The people of those parts lived in underground houses - more of dug-outs - along with their goats and sheep and they had great craters full of wine, barley-wine, that they drank through reeds.
ref: 1941, Louis MacNeice, The March of the 10,000:
glosses: Alternative spelling of krater (“vessel for mixing water and wine”).
Hyponyms: bomb crater
caldera
explosion crater
impact crater
maar crater
pit crater
subsidence crater
volcanic crater
Derived terms: bomb crater
crateral
crater face
craterform
crateriform
craterization
craterkin
crater lake
craterless
craterlet
craterlike
crater of eternal darkness
craterous
cratery
Endeavour Crater
Gale Crater
impact crater
intercrater
intracrater
microcrater
Nemo Crater
parking crater
Pirx Crater
pseudocrater
retarc
Revati Crater
Sadko Crater
subsidence crater
Sunset Crater
Related terms: machtesh
caldera
crater
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: craters
form: cratering
form: cratered
form: cratered
Etymology: First coined 1613, from Latin crātēr (“basin”), from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixing-bowl, wassail-bowl”).
Senses: glosses: To form craters in a surface.
examples: text: Yup, John McCain said to me the economy “is about to crater.” You folks worried about the economy? Whoo! Not me.
ref: 2008 November 25, David Letterman, quoting John McCain, “‘The Economy Is Exploding’”, in NYTimes blog:
text: Uber said on Thursday that its ride-hailing business had cratered in the second quarter as people traveled less in the pandemic.
ref: 2020 August 6, Kate Conger, “Uber’s Revenue Craters, as Deliveries Surge in Pandemic”, in New York Times:
text: The potential agreement comes after months of disputes that have created existential challenges for Twitter, cratering its share price, demoralizing its employees and spooking the advertisers it relies on for revenue.
ref: 2022 October 4, Kate Conger, Lauren Hirsch, “Elon Musk Suggests Buying Twitter at His Original Price”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
synonyms: implode
hollow out
tank
glosses: To collapse catastrophically; to become devastated or completely destroyed.
examples: text: He cratered into that snow bank about five seconds after his first lesson.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
snowboarding
sports
glosses: To crash or fall.
topics: video-games
glosses: To die from fall damage.
crater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
ipa: /ˈkɹeː.təɹ/
ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: craters
Senses: examples: text: I then had the two best tarriers beneath the canopy; this poor crater is their daughter," and he patted the dog's head affectionately.
ref: 1843, William Hamilton Maxwell, Wild Sports of the West: With Legendary Tales, and Local Sketches, R. Bentley, page 77:
text: She is a charming crater; I would venture to say that, if I was not her father.
ref: 1772, David Garrick, “The Irish Widow”, in The British Drama: A Collection of the Most Esteemed Tragedies, Comedies ..., published 1859, page 611:
text: ‘Then why not stop for fellow-craters—going to thy own father’s house too, as we be, and knowen us so well?’
ref: 1872, [Thomas Hardy], “I. Mellstock-Lane”, in Under the Greenwood Tree: A Rural Painting of the Dutch School, volume I, London: Tinsley Brothers, →OCLC, part I, page 6:
glosses: Alternative form of creature.
craze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹeɪz/
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: crazes
form: crase
form: craise
form: craize
Etymology: From Middle English crasen (“to crush, break, break to pieces, shatter, craze”), from Old Norse *krasa (“to shatter”), ultimately imitative.
Cognate with Scots krass (“to crush, squeeze, wrinkle”), Icelandic krasa (“to crackle”), Norwegian krasa (“to shatter, crush”), Swedish krasa (“to crack, crackle”), Danish krase (“to crack, crackle”), Faroese kras (“small pieces”).
Senses: glosses: A strong habitual desire or fancy.
examples: text: Winemaking was a huge craze in the 1970s, when affordable package holidays to the continent gave people a taste for winedrinking, but the recession made it hard to afford off-license prices back home.
ref: 2012, Alan Titchmarsh, The Complete Countryman: A User's Guide to Traditional Skills and Lost Crafts:
glosses: A temporary passion or infatuation, as for some new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; a fad.
topics: ceramics
chemistry
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A crack in the glaze or enamel caused by exposure of the pottery to great or irregular heat.
examples: text: ‘A poor fellow with a craze, sir,’ said Mr. Dick, ‘a simpleton, a weak-minded person […] may do what wonderful people may not do. […]’
ref: 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:
glosses: Craziness; insanity.
Derived terms: becraze
crazeless
craze line
crazen
crazy
witch craze
Related terms: fad
trend
craze
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹeɪz/
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: crazes
form: crazing
form: crazed
form: crazed
form: crase
form: craise
form: craize
Etymology: From Middle English crasen (“to crush, break, break to pieces, shatter, craze”), from Old Norse *krasa (“to shatter”), ultimately imitative.
Cognate with Scots krass (“to crush, squeeze, wrinkle”), Icelandic krasa (“to crackle”), Norwegian krasa (“to shatter, crush”), Swedish krasa (“to crack, crackle”), Danish krase (“to crack, crackle”), Faroese kras (“small pieces”).
Senses: examples: text: till length of years / And ſedentary numneſs craze my limbs
ref: 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 39, lines 571–572:
glosses: To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit.
examples: text: any man […] that is crazed and out of his wits
ref: 1664, John Tillotson, “Sermon I. The Wisdom of Being Religious. Job XXVIII. 28.”, in The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury: […], London: […] B. Aylmer, […]; [a]nd W. Rogers, […], published 1696, →OCLC:
text: Grief hath crazed my wits.
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
glosses: To derange the intellect of; to render insane.
examples: text: And if Robin should be cast / Sudden from his turfed grave, / And if Marian should have / Once again her forest days, / She would weep and he would craze: [...]
ref: 1820, John Keats, “Robin Hood”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 135:
glosses: To be crazed, or to act or appear as one that is crazed; to rave; to become insane.
examples: text: God looking forth will trouble all his Hoſt / And craze thir Chariot wheels:
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 1100–1101:
glosses: To break into pieces; to crush; to grind to powder. See crase.
glosses: To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.
craziness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: crazinesses
Etymology: From crazy + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being crazy; madness; derangement
examples: the craziness of a ship, or of the limbs
glosses: The state of being broken down or weakened
glosses: The result or product of being crazy.
creak
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: krēk
ipa: /kɹiːk/
homophone: creek
rhymes: -iːk
Forms: form: creaks
form: crik
Etymology: From Middle English creken, criken, metathesis of Old English cearcian (“to chatter, creak, crash, gnash”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn (“to crash, crack, creak”), from Proto-Germanic *krakōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of imitative origin.
Compare also Old English crǣccettan, crācettan (“to croak”), Albanian grykë (“throat”). More at crack.
Senses: glosses: The sound produced by anything that creaks; a creaking.
Derived terms: creakless
creak
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: krēk
ipa: /kɹiːk/
homophone: creek
rhymes: -iːk
Forms: form: creaks
form: creaking
form: creaked
form: creaked
form: crik
Etymology: From Middle English creken, criken, metathesis of Old English cearcian (“to chatter, creak, crash, gnash”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn (“to crash, crack, creak”), from Proto-Germanic *krakōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of imitative origin.
Compare also Old English crǣccettan, crācettan (“to croak”), Albanian grykë (“throat”). More at crack.
Senses: examples: text: Then when the four ropes were arranged the coffin was placed upon them. He watched it descend; it seemed descending for ever. At last a thud was heard; the ropes creaked as they were drawn up.
ref: 1856, Eleanor Marx-Aveling (translator), Gustave Flaubert (author), Madame Bovary, Part III, Chapter 10
text: He heard the creaking of the bolt as it came slowly back, and at the same moment he found the monkey's paw, and frantically breathed his third and last wish.
ref: 1901, W. W. Jacobs, The Monkey's Paw:
glosses: To make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances.
examples: text: Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry.
ref: c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
text: I miss the polished brass, the powerful black horses,
The drivers creaking the seats of the baroque hearses, […]
ref: 1941, Theodore Roethke, “On the Road to Woodlawn”, in Open House, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →OCLC; republished in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke, London: Faber and Faber […], 1968, →OCLC, page 21:
glosses: To produce a creaking sound with.
examples: text: Fascinating though this high-minded re-reading was, certain crucial joints of the play creaked a good deal under the strain.
ref: 2002, Stanley Wells, Shakespeare Survey, volume 39, page 205:
text: The whole basis of feudalism, especially in the more intensively farmed champion arable landscapes of the Midlands, was starting to creak.
ref: 2007, Francis Pryor, Britain in the Middle Ages: An Archaeological History, page 232:
glosses: To suffer from strain or old age.
Derived terms: acreak
a creaking door hangs longest
a creaking door hangs long on its hinges
creaker
creakingly
creaky
crease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹiːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: creases
Etymology: From earlier English creast, from Middle English crest (“ridge, crest”). More at crest.
Senses: examples: text: His pants had a nice sharp crease.
text: His shirt was brand new with visible creases from its store fold.
synonyms: rumple
glosses: A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, however produced.
examples: text: DRS showed he was out of the crease in a controversial run out review.
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: One of the white lines drawn on the pitch to show different areas of play; especially the popping crease, but also the bowling crease and the return crease.
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lacrosse
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The circle around the goal, which no offensive players may enter during play, unless after scoring.
topics: ball-games
games
handball
hobbies
ice-hockey
lifestyle
skating
sports
synonyms: goal crease
glosses: The area in front of each goal.
examples: text: (To Ali G): My skin is so dry. So for being a bad boy, I want you to rub oil into me, paying special attention to my breasts and my batty crease.
ref: 2002, Mark Mylod, Ali G Indahouse, Naomi Campbell as herself
glosses: A crack.
Synonyms: sense: handball: goal crease
word: zone
Derived terms: anticrease
creaseless
creaseproof
creaser
creasy
cut crease
noncrease
precrease
referee's crease
simian crease
crease
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹiːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: creases
form: creasing
form: creased
form: creased
Etymology: From earlier English creast, from Middle English crest (“ridge, crest”). More at crest.
Senses: glosses: To make a crease in; to wrinkle.
glosses: To undergo creasing; to form wrinkles.
examples: text: The bullet just creased his shoulder.
glosses: To lightly bloody; to graze.
examples: text: I can't breathe, I'm creasing so hard.
text: He creases at his own joke.
glosses: To laugh.
Derived terms: creasable
creased
crease up
noncreasing
recrease
uncrease
crease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹiːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: creases
Senses: examples: text: the cursed Malayan crease, and battle-clubs / From the isles of palm
ref: 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:
text: While the crew and some of the natives were taking in the pepper, Samuel Page Pierson noticed that some of the other Malays aboard ship were receiving their creases from the natives in the boat.
ref: 1960, Essex Institute Historical Collections, volume 96, page 128:
glosses: Archaic form of kris.
crease
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹiːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: creases
form: creasing
form: creased
form: creased
Senses: examples: text: Then a Malay creased Richard Hunt, who escaped for a moment up the ropes.
ref: 1960, Essex Institute Historical Collections, volume 96, page 128:
glosses: Archaic form of kris.
creel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹiːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Forms: form: creels
Etymology: Inherited from Northern Middle English crele, possibly from an Old French root *creille, variant of greille (compare French grille), from Latin crāticula.
Senses: examples: text: Return with a creel of trout for supper.
ref: 1895, R. D. Blackmore, Slain By The Doones, Dodd, Mead and Company, page 6:
text: Her great creel forehead-slung, she wanders nigh,
 Easing the heavy strap with gnarled, brown fingers
ref: 1897, William Henley, In Fisherrow:
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
synonyms: wick
glosses: A woven basket, especially a wicker basket.
An osier basket that anglers use to hold fish.
synonyms: wick
glosses: A woven basket, especially a wicker basket.
Such a basket slung as a backpack for cargo, especially in times and places with limited or nonexistent wheeled transport, as for example among peasants in mountainous regions.
synonyms: wick
glosses: A woven basket, especially a wicker basket.
Such a basket slung as a backpack for cargo, especially in times and places with limited or nonexistent wheeled transport, as for example among peasants in mountainous regions.
Such a basket slung on a pack animal; a pannier.
qualifier: textile making
glosses: A bar or set of bars with skewers for holding paying-off bobbins, as in the roving machine, throstle, and mule.
Derived terms: creeler
creelman
encreel
creel
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹiːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Forms: form: creels
form: creeling
form: creeled
form: creeled
Etymology: Inherited from Northern Middle English crele, possibly from an Old French root *creille, variant of greille (compare French grille), from Latin crāticula.
Senses: glosses: To place (fish) in a creel.
Related terms: skep
skip
creel
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹiːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Forms: form: creels
form: creeling
form: creeled
form: creeled
Etymology: Unclear. The English Dialect Dictionary has cites of a British dialectal verb creel "crouch, bend the body" from 1897.
Senses: examples: text: For aught that appears in the record, plaintiff's fall was due entirely to the fact that his foot "creeled," and no one can say that his injuries were not due to the fall, but to the fact that he rolled down the embankment. […] he stepped around, and in doing so "creeled his foot in some way" and fell down the embankment, […]
ref: 1916, The South Western Reporter, pages 883-884:
text: […] a "creeled foot " strapped to relieve strained muscles, […]
ref: 1975, Marjorie Chalmers, Better I Stay, page 34
text: He creeled his ankle when he jumped off the porch. […] Vinegar was a key ingredient in many remedies for a creeled ankle.
ref: 2014 July 25, Anthony Cavender, Folk Medicine in Southern Appalachia, UNC Press Books, →ISBN, pages 114-115:
glosses: To wrench or sprain.
cremation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɪˈmeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: cremations
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin cremātiō, cremātiōnis; equivalent to cremate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: Cremation removes a significant amount of "closure" from the process of death.
glosses: A burning; especially the act or practice of cremating the dead, burning a corpse.
Synonyms: incineration
Derived terms: aquamation
autocremation
biocremation
cremationism
cremationist
precremation
water cremation
Related terms: cremate
cremating
crematorium
crematory
crepitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: crepitations
Senses: examples: text: When she returned the room was silent again, save for the faint crepitation of his chair and the occasional clink of a bottle.
ref: 1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:
text: Silence again, save for the crepitation of the flames, the fall of an ember, the murmur of the current.
ref: 1923, George Allan England, The Thing from—"Outside":
glosses: The act of crepitating or crackling.
glosses: A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together, or by pressing upon cellular tissue containing air.
glosses: A crepitant rale.
Related terms: crepitate
crepitant
crepitus
crest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɛst/
rhymes: -ɛst
Forms: form: crests
form: cresting
form: crested
form: crested
Etymology: From Middle English creste, from Old French creste (modern French crête) and perhaps continuing Old English cræsta (“crest, tuft, plume”); both ultimately from Vulgar Latin *cresta, from Latin crista. Doublet of crista.
The informal meaning “design, logo” (sense 11) stems from a misinterpretation of the heraldic sense 4, which specifically refers to the object placed on top of the helm.
Senses: glosses: Particularly with reference to waves, to reach a peak.
examples: text: the land rolls gently, so that, upon cresting a low rise or passing a copse of wind turbines, you suddenly spot a lot full of lorries or a complex of gigantic sheds.
ref: 2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To reach the crest of (e.g. a hill or mountain).
examples: text: His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm / Crested the world.
ref: c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
text: groves of clouds that crest the mountain's brow
ref: 1815, William Wordsworth, Extracts from An Evening Walk:
glosses: To furnish with, or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for.
examples: text: Like as the shining skie in summers night, / What time the dayes with scorching heat abound, / Is creasted all with lines of firie light
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 13:
glosses: To mark with lines or streaks like waving plumes.
crier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹaɪɚ/
ipa: /ˈkraɪə/
rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: criers
form: cryer
Etymology: From Middle English criour, cryour, crier, from Old French crieor (Modern French crieur), derived from the verb crier. By surface analysis, cry + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Once again she had been stricken, beaten down, so violated that to give utterance to her feelings might have outshrilled all the criers in hell.
ref: 1967, Richard M. Elman, The 28th day of Elul, page 94:
glosses: One who cries.
glosses: An officer who proclaims the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice by loud proclamation, such as a town crier.
Derived terms: aim-crier
speech-crier
crore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹoɹ/
ipa: /kɹɔː/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /kɹo(ː)ɹ/
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /kɹoə/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
homophone: craw (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: crore
form: crores
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindustani करोड़ / کروڑ (karoṛ).
Senses: examples: text: Meronym: lakh
text: The population of Gujarat is 3.39 crores.
text: The state estimates that the construction project will cost about two crores.
text: Following the ban, the government stands to lose ₹30 crore annually, sources said.
ref: 2003 July 2, Araving Gowda, “Karnataka to do away with revenue stamps”, in India Times:
text: According to K.M. Subramanian, president of the Tiruppur Exporters Association, Tiruppur ships garments worth ₹12,000-15,000 crore to the U.S. each year, which makes up 32–35% of its total exports. […] Subramanian, who has seven factories in Tiruppur district, explains how the situation changed for the worse over the last few months. […] When the U.S. imposed 25% tariffs, buyers discussed sharing the costs of orders already placed with exporters, since competing countries faced similar duties. But with tariffs now at 50%, most buyers no longer want the goods […] “We fear that Tiruppur may lose ₹3,000 crore-5,000 crore worth of annual business that involves core products as buyers can easily source them from other countries,” says Subramanian. Displaying some of the garments for children that he has made for a brand based in the U.S., he says he also has stocks worth nearly ₹18 crore that were made for the US buyers.
ref: 2025 September 6, M. Soundariya Preetha, “Trump tariff effect: Tamil Nadu's apparel hubs are unravelling at the seams. From August 27, the United States has levied a 50% tariff on Indian goods exported to them, disrupting business for thousands of micro, small and medium-scale enterprises in India in sectors such as textiles, garments, and jewellery”, in The Hindu:
text: Tamil Nadu is the second biggest market for small business credit, accounting for 9.3% of the national total, as per a joint report by Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and credit bureau CRIF High Mark. As of June 30, 2025, Tamil Nadu had an outstanding small business credit portfolio of about ₹4.21 lakh crore, up 15.7% from ₹3.64 lakh crore as of June 30 2024, the report said. Maharashtra remained the largest market with ₹6.0 lakh crore in outstanding credit, while Tamil Nadu, Gujarat (₹3.69 lakh crore), Uttar Pradesh (₹3.61 lakh crore), and Karnataka (₹3.18 lakh crore) round out the top five by portfolio size. Uttar Pradesh registered highest outstanding portfolio growth of 20.7% on a year-on-year basis. The report defines "Small Business" as those businesses that have an aggregated credit exposure not exceeding ₹5 crore from the formal lending system.
ref: 2025 September 8, Sanjay Vijayakumar, “Tamil Nadu second biggest market for small business credit: study”, in The Hindu:
glosses: ten million (10⁷): 10,000,000, that is, with Indian digit grouping, 1,00,00,000.
Derived terms: multicrore
Related terms: kror
krore
₹
rupees
cross-examination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cross-examinations
form: cross examination
Etymology: From cross- + examination.
Senses: examples: text: It is impossible to bring them here for cross-examination; one simply has to conduct one's defence and argue one's case against an invisible opponent, […]
ref: 1954, Plato, translated by Hugh Tredennick, “Socrates on Trial: The Apology”, in The Last Days of Socrates (Penguin Classics), Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, →OCLC, pages 20–21:
text: When Horsley finished his testimony, Richardson began the cross-examination, which was to last for twenty-six hours over the course of an entire week.
ref: 1999, Patrick J. Gallo, The American Paradox: Politics and Justice, page 62:
topics: law
synonyms: cross-exam
cross-questioning
glosses: The interrogation or questioning of a witness by the party against whom they have been called and examined, in an attempt to prove or reveal something false or untold during direct examination.
glosses: Any intense period of questioning, especially if hostile.
Related terms: cross-examine
direct examination
crouch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹaʊt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -aʊtʃ
Forms: form: crouches
form: crouching
form: crouched
form: crouched
Etymology: From Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”), variant of croken (“to bend, crook”), from crok (“crook, hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”). Compare Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”). More at crook.
Senses: examples: text: We crouched behind the low wall until the squad of soldiers had passed by.
text: Archer and Jacob jumped up from behind the mound where they had been crouching with the intention of springing upon their mother unexpectedly, and they all began to walk slowly home.
ref: 1922, Virginia Woolf, chapter 2, in Jacob's Room:
synonyms: huddle
glosses: To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear.
examples: text: kings ſhall crouch vnto our conquering ſwords,
And hoſtes of Souldiers ſtand amazd at vs,
When with their fearfull tongues they ſhall confeſſe
Theſe are the men that al the world admires,
ref: c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
text: Must I stand and crouch
 Under your testy humour?
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
text: a crouching purpose
ref: 1816, William Wordsworth, Thanksgiving Ode:
glosses: To bend servilely; to bow in reverence or humility.
crouch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹaʊt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -aʊtʃ
Forms: form: crouches
Etymology: From Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”), variant of croken (“to bend, crook”), from crok (“crook, hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”). Compare Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”). More at crook.
Senses: examples: text: The cat waited in a crouch, hidden behind the hedge.
glosses: A bent or stooped position.
Derived terms: croucher
crouchy
semicrouch
uncrouch
crouch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹaʊt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -aʊtʃ
Forms: form: crouches
Etymology: From Middle English crouche, cruche, from Old English crūċ (“cross”). Compare Old Saxon krūci (“cross”), Old High German krūzi (“cross”). Doublet of cross and crux.
Senses: glosses: A cross.
Derived terms: Crouch End
crouch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹaʊt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -aʊtʃ
Forms: form: crouches
form: crouching
form: crouched
form: crouched
Etymology: From Middle English crouche, cruche, from Old English crūċ (“cross”). Compare Old Saxon krūci (“cross”), Old High German krūzi (“cross”). Doublet of cross and crux.
Senses: glosses: To sign with the cross; bless.
Related terms: word: crouch ware
english: etymologically unrelated
translation: etymologically unrelated
word: crouchware