cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
fringed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɪnd͡ʒd/
rhymes: -ɪndʒd
Etymology: From Middle English frenged; equivalent to fringe + -ed.
Senses: glosses: Possessing a fringe.
Derived terms: word: fringed filefish
word: fringed gecko
word: fringed lavender
taxonomic: Dianthus superbus
word: fringed pink
word: fringed rue
word: fringed sole
word: unfringed
word: white-fringed pyrausta moth
fringed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɪnd͡ʒd/
rhymes: -ɪndʒd
Etymology: From Middle English frenged; equivalent to fringe + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of fringe
carport
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɑː(ɹ).pɔːt/
Forms: form: carports
Etymology: From car + port, coined by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1936 and modeled on the French porte cochère (literally “coach entrance”).
Senses: examples: text: Franklin decided to improve his carport by walling in the sides and turning it into a garage.
glosses: A roofed structure for automobile storage, usually attached to a house and not fully enclosed like a garage but with at least one side open to the outdoors.
carports
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of carport
caseload
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: caseloads
Etymology: From case + load.
Senses: examples: text: As a public defender, Jonas had a crushing caseload and never felt that he could prepare his clients' defenses properly.
glosses: The workload of a person or group that handles cases; the relative volume of cases expected to be worked upon.
glosses: The set of persons whose cases are being handled by such a worker or group.
caseloads
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of caseload
shogi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃoʊɡiː/
rhymes: -əʊɡiː
Etymology: From Japanese 将棋 (shōgi). Doublet of janggi.
Senses: glosses: Japanese chess; a board game similar to chess, invented and traditionally played in Japan.
Synonyms: Japanese chess
Derived terms: chu shogi
hexshogi
Kyoto shogi
okisaki shogi
tori shogi
trishogi
tsume shogi
yari shogi
Related terms: goita
xiangqi
janggi
imputed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of impute
imputed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Attributed to another person.
Derived terms: imputed liability
imputedly
nonimputed
unimputed
xiangqi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈʃɑːŋ.t͡ʃi/
Etymology: Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 象棋 (xiàngqí). Doublet of shogi.
Senses: examples: text: What I have tried to do here is to draw a consistent frame which could explain most characteristics of both Xiangqi and Chess ludic structures.
ref: 2001, Jean-Louis Cazaux, “Is Chess a Hybrid Game?”, in netcologne.de, archived from the original on 27 Oct 2005, page 12:
glosses: Chinese chess; a board game similar to chess, invented and traditionally played in China.
Synonyms: Chinese chess
Related terms: shogi
janggi
Reformation
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: The religious movement initiated in the 16th century against the Roman Catholic Church.
Derived terms: Counter-Reformation
Related terms: word: reform
word: reformation
word: reformed
word: Reformed
word: reformer
word: Reformer
word: reformist
word: Catholicism
word: Roman Catholicism
topics: Christianity
english: Gentile Christianity
translation: Gentile Christianity
word: Christianity
word: Eastern Orthodoxy
word: Messianic Judaism
word: Protestantism
goodnight Irene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: good night, Irene
form: good night Irene
form: goodnight, Irene
Etymology: From the blues/folk song Goodnight Irene first popularized by Huddie "Leadbelly" Ledbetter.
Senses: examples: text: What the bleedin' 'ell? We were havin' a right rip snorter 'ere, and then this piker shows up, and just like that it's "Good night, Irene"!
ref: 2011 February 21, “Stop! Celebrate and Witness, Goku's Back From 100X Fitness!” (4:59 from the start), in Dragon Ball Z Abridged, season 2, episode 11, spoken by Jeice (GanXingba), TeamFourStar; distributed by YouTube:
glosses: An involuntary departure.
wikipedia: Goodnight Irene
Leadbelly
Related terms: goodnight Vienna
cariogenesis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From cario- + -genesis.
Senses: glosses: The formation of dental caries
Related terms: cariogenic
caries
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɛə.ɹiːz/
ipa: /ˈkɛ.ɹiz/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiz
homophone: carries
homophone: karris (Mary–marry–merry merger, happy-tensing)
Forms: form: caries
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin cariēs.
Senses: glosses: The progressive destruction of bone or tooth by decay.
examples: Near-synonym: cavity
glosses: The progressive destruction of bone or tooth by decay.
Ellipsis of dental caries (“tooth decay”).
Derived terms: cariology
carious
dental caries
caries
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɛə.ɹiːz/
ipa: /ˈkɛ.ɹiz/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiz
homophone: carries
homophone: karris (Mary–marry–merry merger, happy-tensing)
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cary
infinite recursion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: infinite recursions
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: Any recursion that continues without end.
bussing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of bus
glosses: present participle and gerund of buss
bussing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of busing.
Derived terms: antibussing
busing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˈbʌsɪŋ/
Forms: form: bussing
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of bus
busing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbʌsɪŋ/
Forms: form: bussing
Senses: glosses: The transportation of schoolchildren, by bus, to schools in other neighbourhoods in order to alleviate social inequalities or to achieve racial integration.
Derived terms: antibusing
secedes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of secede
whined
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: wīnd
ipa: /waɪnd/
rhymes: -aɪnd
homophone: wined (wine–whine merger)
homophone: wind (wine–whine merger, verb)
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of whine
wined
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: wīnd
ipa: /waɪnd/
rhymes: -aɪnd
homophone: wind (verb)
homophone: whined (wine–whine merger)
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of wine
Beat Generation
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Beat Generation
form: beat generation
Etymology: Often attributed to Herbert Huncke, from beat (“exhausted”), with Jack Kerouac later claiming it derived from beatific instead.
Senses: glosses: A group of countercultural American writers who came to prominence in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Their most important works are Jack Kerouac's On the Road (1957), Allen Ginsberg's Howl (1956), and William S. Burroughs' Naked Lunch (1959).
wikipedia: Herbert Huncke
Jack Kerouac
time and tide
Language: English
Part of speech: proverb
Senses: glosses: Ellipsis of time and tide wait for no man.
skylarking
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈskʌɪlɑːkɪŋ/
Etymology: From skylark + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of skylark
skylarking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈskʌɪlɑːkɪŋ/
Forms: form: skylarkings
Etymology: From skylark + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: […] those gods and men whose titles to eminence are secure, seldom worry themselves about the seditious gossip of old apple-women, and the skylarkings of funny little boys in the street.
ref: 1852, Herman Melville, Pierre; or, The Ambiguities:
glosses: Playing around; frolicking; originally, running about the rigging of a vessel for fun; horseplay.
turn the page
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: turns the page
form: turning the page
form: turned the page
form: turned the page
Senses: examples: text: You've been divorced for three years. It's time to turn the page and start looking for somebody else.
glosses: To move on to new involvements or activities; to make a fresh start.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: To proceed to the next page in a book.
Synonyms: turn over a new leaf
Related terms: page-turner
change the channel
sex machine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sex machines
Senses: examples: text: I said do the bump, huh, I said shake your rump / And stay on the scene like a sex machine
ref: 1970, “Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine”, performed by James Brown:
glosses: Someone with considerable sexual prowess.
examples: text: The typical scenario, Archibald says, is a married guy “who likes building things.” He comes across someone else's sex machine, is fascinated, decides to build one himself.
ref: 2009, Mary Roach, Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 55:
glosses: Any machine that is used for sexual pleasure.
Related terms: fucking machine
love machine
sex bomb
lots of love
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: glosses: An informal formula to end a letter to relatives, close friends or romantic partners, etc.
Related terms: dear
love
yours faithfully
yours sincerely
xoxo
sex object
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sex objects
Senses: examples: text: The National Organization for Women, denouncing the campaign for what it considered to be the depiction of women as sex objects, demonstrated outside F. William Free & Company, confronting Mr. Free with placards reading, “I'm Bill — Fire Me.”
ref: 2003 January 8, Stuart Lavietes, “F. William Free, 74, Ad Man Behind 'Fly Me'”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A person seen primarily or solely as sexually attractive.
sex offender
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sex offenders
Senses: examples: text: She then became a domestic and after a year was a sex offender for the first time. She had known the man for 2 years. Her sister discovered her relations with this man 8 months later and had her sent to the House of Good Shepherd.
ref: 1916, Clara Jean Weidensall, The Mentality Of The Criminal Woman, A Comparative Study Of The Criminal Woman, The Working Girl, And The Efficient Working Woman, In A Series Of Mental And Physical Tests, page 294:
text: Soon after our case, another convicted sex offender was released back into our community and was accepted as if nothing had happened.
ref: 2014 August 29, Ruzwana Bashir, “The untold story of how a culture of shame perpetuates abuse. I know, I was a victim”, in The Guardian:
text: Epstein, the deceased financier, sex offender and friend to the rich and famous, has been at the heart of a sprawling conspiracy theory about child sex-trafficking and the global elite since he killed himself in jail six years ago — a suicide that was reaffirmed by the FBI this month.
ref: 2025 July 10, Jesus Mesa, “'We've Been Played': MAGA Faces Its Own Disappointment With Trump”, in Newsweek:
coordinate_terms: sexual predator
glosses: Somebody who has committed a crime of a sexual nature.
sex appeal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: He may be as thick as a plank, but he sure has some sex appeal.
text: But when she goes on to remark that “it is the height of folly to say that woman, who has been taught by the uncounted ages that her strongest hold on man is because of her sex, can throw off or disregard the knowledge that her sex appeal is the strongest weapon she has” then I am appalled at the extreme illogic of the lady!
ref: 1913 May 15, Elizabeth Newport Hepburn, quoting Josephine Jewell Dodge, “A Question Not of Sex Appeal; But of Prevailing Mode.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: "I can't talk to you when you're in a daze of admiration over your own sex appeal."
ref: 1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 3:
text: Samara: She impresses with sophistication and sex appeal. Then she strikes. The hunt interests her as much as the conquest.
ref: 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Omega (Samara: The Ardat-Yakshi):
glosses: Sexual attractiveness.
in goal
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Senses: examples: text: After Chelsea had two goalkeepers injured in one match, their captain went in goal for the last few minutes.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: As a goalkeeper.
shot on goal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shots on goal
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A shot at the opponent's goal.
4-4-2
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: 4-4-2s
Etymology: In each sense, from a grouping of things in sets of four, four, and two: in football, players in certain positions; on locomotives, wheels in certain positions; in the car model, four barrels (of carburetion), four gears (of the manual transmission), and dual exhausts.
Senses: examples: text: They fielded an imposing 4-4-2.
text: England's formation was a rigid 4-4-2 against a Norway side of surprisingly limited ambition and on one of the rare occasions James Milner got in the action he forced a save from Jarstein.
ref: 2012 May 26, Phil McNulty, “Norway 0-1 England”, in BBC Sport:
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
hypernyms: formation#Noun
glosses: A popular football formation with 4 defenders, 4 midfielders and 2 strikers.
examples: text: Down the high iron sped a huffing 4-4-2.
text: While not, perhaps, the handsomest of 4-4-2 tanks, as they had a rather large proportion of their driving wheels exposed, they proved very useful locomotives, doing yeoman work on suburban trains around London and Birmingham, and later on numerous rural routes.
ref: 1951 March 24, David R. Webb, “British 4-4-2 Tank Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 152:
text: This group of 30 0-8-0’s came from Baldwin between July and October 1948 and were given road numbers 255 to 284 (C/N 74024 to 74053) pushing aside several 4-4-2’s in the 275-284 bracket in the process.
ref: 1965, Philip Shuster, Eugene L. Huddleston, Alvin F. Staufer, C & O power: steam and diesel locomotives of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, 1900-1965, page 16:
synonyms: Atlantic#Noun
hypernyms: locomotive#Noun
coordinate_terms: 4-4-0
;
more at Whyte notation § Wheel arrangement names
glosses: Under the Whyte notation system, a type of steam locomotive that has a two-axle leading truck, two powered driving axles and a one-axle trailing truck; any instance of that type.
examples: text: Down the drag strip screamed a custom-tuned 4-4-2.
hypernyms: Oldsmobile#Noun
;
muscle car
<
car
automobile
<
vehicle
glosses: A model of the former Oldsmobile make; any instance of that model.
corner flag
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: corner flags
Senses: examples: text: Wilkinson was struggling, sending the re-start straight into touch and flinging a pass the same way, and France then went close to the first try of the contest as Clerc took a long pass out on the left and was just bundled into touch by the corner flag.
ref: 2011, Tom Fordyce, Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Each of the flags that denotes the corner of the field of play.
subs' bench
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: subs' benches
Senses: topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: substitutes' bench
final whistle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfaɪnl̩ wɪsl̩/
ipa: /-ʍɪsl̩/
ipa: /ˌfaɪn(ə)l wɪs(ə)l/
ipa: /-ʍɪs(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɪsəl
Forms: form: final whistles
Etymology: From final (adjective) + whistle.
Senses: examples: text: Before the next [tennis] game begins, the players in each court change partners: and the same routine is followed until the time agreed upon has elapsed, when the final whistle is sounded, scores are added up, and prizes awarded.
ref: 1888 July, “Chat”, in Demorest’s Monthly Magazine, volume XXIV, number 9 (number CCCI overall), New York, N.Y.: W[illiam] Jennings Demorest, →OCLC, page 583, column 2:
text: Only fifteen minutes now remained before the referee would blow the final whistle, and both teams exerted every effort to gain the mastery.
ref: 1910 January 15, Bernard Finch, “The Outside Right: A Football Story”, in The Boy’s Own Paper, volume XXXII, number 16 (number 1618 overall), London: “Boy’s Own Paper” Office, […], →OCLC, page 255, column 2:
text: On December 14 Cornell's green, soph-laden basketball team tasted its first defeat as it fell before an experienced Niagara five. […] The second half Niagara jumped into the lead and held it until the final whistle.
ref: 1949, “Basketball”, in The 1949 Cornellian, Ithaca, N.Y.: The 1949 Cornellian Board for the students of Cornell University, →OCLC, page 313, column 2:
text: It ended 1–0 to West Ham, and at the final whistle their players were going mad, knowing they were staying up [i.e., not being relegated].
ref: 2006, Wayne Rooney, “Introduction”, in Wayne Rooney: The Way It Is, London: HarperSport, HarperCollinsPublishers, published 2007, →ISBN, page 3:
text: The final whistle prompted a pitch invasion – although there appeared to be an unwanted incident when a supporter seemed to punch Stevenage's Scott Laird, who subsequently fell to the ground.
ref: 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3 – 1 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 01 Jan 2023:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
antonyms: starting whistle
coordinate_terms: checkered flag
chequered flag
glosses: The blow of the whistle by the referee or other adjudicator signifying the end of a match.
Related terms: green flag
starter pistol
starting gun
starting pistol
playmaker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: playmakers
Etymology: From play + maker.
Senses: glosses: A playwright.
examples: text: It’s one of Foden’s curiosities that, 74 games into his City career, we still don’t really know what his best position will be. He is played as a wing-back and a deep-lying playmaker for England age-group sides.
ref: 2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A sportsman who leads attacks for his team and creates chances to score.
Related terms: shotmaker
uphill battle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: uphill battles
Senses: examples: text: I would argue that flight attendants had a greater uphill battle in establishing their job as a profession, experience more disorienting time and space patterns, juggle a larger number of sometimes conflicting roles, and have a greater sense of occupational identity than any other group of women workers.
ref: 2007, Drew Whitelegg, Working the Skies, page 25:
text: “It is an uphill battle,” said Dr. Uzma Syed, an infectious disease specialist in Jericho, N.Y., on Long Island, who for months has been giving vaccine education talks to national and international groups.
ref: 2021 October 11, Jan Hoffman, quoting Uzma Syed, “Boosters Are Complicating Efforts to Persuade the Unvaccinated to Get Shots”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A highly difficult task or problem that requires a great amount of effort and determination.
Related terms: Sisyphean labour
fight to the death
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: fights to the death
form: fighting to the death
form: fought to the death
form: fought to the death
Senses: glosses: To take part in a battle in which the winner is the sole survivor.
fight to the death
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fights to the death
Senses: synonyms: fight to the finish
glosses: A fight in which there is only one winner, the survivor.
till death do us part
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: till death us do part
form: till death us depart
Etymology: Originates from the 1549 Book of Common Prayer, with the original wording being "till death us depart" (using the obsolete “to separate, part” sense of depart).
Senses: glosses: Until death separates us; a common phrase stated between the bride and the groom at a Christian wedding, indicating a commitment to their union.
wikipedia: Book of Common Prayer (1549)
Related terms: till death do you part
handy-dandy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of handy dandy.
handy-dandy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Middle English handy dandy.
Senses: glosses: A children's game in which one child guesses in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong.
handy dandy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more handy dandy
form: most handy dandy
form: handy-dandy
Senses: examples: text: She always comes up with great ideas for handy dandy new tools.
glosses: Handy; helpful or useful, as due to some clever trick or design.
Coorgs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Coorg
mordacious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more mordacious
form: most mordacious
Etymology: From Latin mordax (“given to biting, corrosive”) (from mordere (“to bite, sting”)) + -ious.
Senses: glosses: Biting, causing a physical bite or sting; corrosive
glosses: sharp or caustic in style or tone.
examples: text: Not gyved with connubial relations, I entered upon my migration entirely isolated, with the exception of a canine quadruped whose mordacious, latrant, lusorious, and venatic qualities, are without parity.
ref: 1856, Samuel Klinefelter Hoshour, Letters to Squire Pedant, in the East, page 13:
glosses: Prone to biting, aggressive (of an animal etc.).
glosses: Sharp in intent, sarcastic
Derived terms: mordaciously
mordacity
Related terms: mordant
mordancy
casus belli
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈkeɪ.səs ˈbɛl.aɪ/
/ˌkɑː-/
/-ˈbɛl.i/
Forms: form: casus belli
form: casus bellis
Etymology: From Latin cāsus (“occasion”) + bellī (“for war”, literally “of war”).
Senses: examples: text: In ancient times, repeatedly failing to pay tribute by a vassal state was often used as a casus belli by the patron.
text: The Executive, however, can do many acts which would constitute a casus belli, and thus indirectly result in war; but this does not imply in the Executive a concurrent power to declare war, and the war which would result would be one declared by a foreign power.
ref: 1897, Congressional Record, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 664:
text: Algiers seethed, and this was the casus belli for the ‘ultras’ to attempt a general strike.
ref: 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 309:
text: Furthermore, if the French had airily waved away one potential casus belli, more than enough causes of potential conflict remained embedded in the Aix-la-Chapelle Treaty.
ref: 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 138:
text: Had Saddam taken only the Rumaila oil field and the Bubiyan and Warba islands, there would have been no casus belli.
ref: 2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic, published 2011, page 290:
text: And Washington needs to communicate clearly with not only its allies but also the American public on the risks involved if spillover from Ukraine into Article 5 territory verges on a casus belli — an event that provokes a war.
ref: 2022 March 1, Mary Elise Sarotte, “I’m a Cold War Historian. We’re in a Frightening New Era.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: An act seen as justifying or causing a war; an act of war.
cloisonne
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cloisonnes
form: cloisonné
Etymology: From French cloisonné (“partitioned”).
Senses: examples: text: Cloisonne is sometimes seen as a cheaper alternative to jewelled encrustation or filigree.
text: Zoë wore a pair of cloisonne earrings she had bought in France.
glosses: A decorative technique for metalwork, especially brass, whereby colored enamel is baked in partitions (cloisons) between raised ridges of the metal.
examples: text: The museum had a fine collection of medieval Italian cloisonne.
glosses: Objects decorated by this technique collectively.
rankly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more rankly
form: most rankly
Etymology: From Middle English rankli, ronkly, from Old English ranclīċe (“showily; boldly”), equivalent to rank + -ly. Cognate with Icelandic rakklega (“boldly; valiantly”).
Senses: examples: text: Certainly no pages could seem to the censor more rankly blasphemous.
ref: 1907, James George Frazer, Adonis, Attis, Osiris, page 22:
glosses: In a rank manner.
readership
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: readerships
Etymology: From reader + -ship.
Senses: examples: text: The village newspaper has a readership of only 200 people.
glosses: The collected readers of a publication.
examples: the Nora Chadwick Readership in Celtic Studies
glosses: The role or office of a reader.
rearmost
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From rear + -most.
Senses: examples: text: The rearmost member of the strike team walked backward to guard them from a surprise attack from behind.
text: As I tramped along, the rearmost of the four, I could not help smiling at the appearance of my three companions in front.
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
glosses: Furthest to the rear.
ruthlessness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ruthlessnesses
Etymology: From ruthless + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Five minutes into the game the Black Cats were facing a mountain, partly because of West Brom's newly-found ruthlessness in front of goal but also as a result of the home side's defensive generosity.
ref: 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2 - 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: The property of being ruthless.
Synonyms: mercilessness
mercilessness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɜː(ɹ)sɪləsnəs/
Forms: form: mercilessnesses
Etymology: From merciless + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The property of being merciless.
Synonyms: ruthlessness
unmercy
ruthlessly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹuːθ.ləs.li/
ipa: /ˈɹuːθ.lɪs.li/
Forms: form: more ruthlessly
form: most ruthlessly
Etymology: From ruthless + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Standing on the mountain above Caerphilly, one may reflect upon the gap where once stood Llanbradach Viaduct, and look near at hand upon the restored ruins of Caerphilly Castle; man labours to rebuild the mediaeval whilst he ruthlessly scraps the modern.
ref: 1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 165:
text: Southgate's side kept their nerve and discipline in the unsettling, intimidating surroundings of Budapest, with the behaviour of Hungary's fans leaving much to be desired, to turn up the heat and punish their opponents ruthlessly once they had gone ahead.
ref: 2021 September 2, Phil McNulty, “Hungary 0-4 England”, in BBC:
glosses: In a ruthless manner; with cruelty; without pity or compassion.
Synonyms: sense: in a ruthless manner
word: cruelly
sense: in a ruthless manner
word: pitilessly
rustproof
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more rustproof
form: most rustproof
Etymology: From rust + -proof.
Senses: examples: text: This is supposed to be a rustproof trashcan, but it can't handle the salt they use on our roads.
synonyms: nonrusting
stainless
glosses: Resistant to rust, oxidation and corrosion.
glosses: Resistant to the rust fungus.
rustproof
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: rustproofs
form: rustproofing
form: rustproofed
form: rustproofed
Etymology: From rust + -proof.
Senses: examples: text: We'll rustproof the metal with a good coat of paint and then we'll be able to leave it outdoors for years without damage.
glosses: To make resistant to rust, such as by applying a coating.
rumormonger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rumormongers
form: rumor-monger
form: rumor monger
form: rumourmonger
form: rumour-monger
form: rumour monger
Etymology: Compound of rumor + monger.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: gossipmonger, newsmonger, scandalmonger; blabbermouth, talebearer, telltale; gossip, gossiper; see also Thesaurus:gossiper
text: Then the Seventh moved to Fort Ord and practiced—although without full equipment—amphibious landings. The hot poop of the rumor mongers became, “Southwest Pacific for us, fellows.” But when the convoy sailed from San Francisco on April twenty-fourth, the ships turned north.
ref: 1947, Murray Morgan, Bridge To Russia: Those Amazing Aleutians, New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, page 161:
synonyms: rumorer
rumourer
glosses: A person who spreads rumors.
Related terms: english: and its derivatives
translation: and its derivatives
word: monger
rumormonger
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: rumormongers
form: rumormongering
form: rumormongered
form: rumormongered
form: rumor-monger
form: rumor monger
form: rumourmonger
form: rumour-monger
form: rumour monger
Etymology: Compound of rumor + monger.
Senses: glosses: To spread rumors and gossip.
rumor monger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rumor mongers
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of rumormonger.
rumor-monger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of rumormonger.
rower
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹəʊ.ə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -əʊə(ɹ)
Forms: form: rowers
Etymology: From Middle English rower, rowere, roware, equivalent to row + -er. Cognate with Dutch roeier (“rower”), Danish roer (“rower”), Norwegian roer (“rower”). Compare also Old English rōwend (“rower”).
Senses: examples: text: It had been a sort of race hitherto, and the rowers, with set teeth and compressed lips, had pulled stroke for stroke.
ref: 1874, Marcus Clarke, chapter VI, in For the Term of His Natural Life:
text: Upon her deck were rowers with dream-made oars, and the rowers were the people of men’s fancies, and princes of old story and people who had died, and people who had never been.
ref: 1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 89:
glosses: One who rows.
examples: text: Aerobic and weight training sessions should also complement each other. For example, on a day you work your upper body with weights, you can use a rower for aerobics.
ref: 1988, Richard Allen Winett, Ageless athletes, page 65:
glosses: A rowing machine.
Related terms: back-rower
front-rower
rotundness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From rotund + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The property of being rotund. fatness, largeness.
round-the-clock
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: They are protected by round-the-clock guards.
text: My correspondent should enquire what it is that prompts the continuous building, even in Great Britain, with the disadvantage of imported fuel, of diesel shunters: it is, of course, continuous "round-the-clock" availability.
ref: 1950 January, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:
synonyms: around-the-clock
glosses: Continuous; incessant; without interruption; all day long, 24 hours per day; nonstop: from the concept that it happens while the hands of the clock go all the way around.
rowboat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹəʊbəʊt/
Forms: form: rowboats
form: rowing boat
Etymology: From row + boat.
Senses: hypernyms: boat
<
watercraft
vessel
<
vessel
coordinate_terms: sailboat
motorboat
glosses: A small open boat propelled by oars (by rowing).
rowboat
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹəʊbəʊt/
Forms: form: rowboats
form: rowboating
form: rowboated
form: rowboated
form: rowing boat
Etymology: From row + boat.
Senses: glosses: To row a boat of this kind.
routinize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: routinizes
form: routinizing
form: routinized
form: routinized
form: routinise
Etymology: From routine + -ize.
Senses: glosses: To make routine, to make common by repetition.
rumblings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of rumbling
rudderless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more rudderless
form: most rudderless
Etymology: From rudder + -less.
Senses: glosses: Without a rudder.
examples: text: Their deaths were sobering not merely because of the searingly unbearable wrench of losing those two wonderful people, but because it left me exposed as rudderless.
ref: 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 23:
text: As Christian Wolmar said in RAIL 990, our railway is "leaderless and rudderless", and drifting inexorably towards the rocks of total chaos.
ref: 2023 September 6, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Leaderless and rudderless”, in RAIL, number 991, page 3:
glosses: Lacking guidance or direction.
Derived terms: rudderlessly
rudderlessness
Related terms: even keel
unsteerable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unsteerable
form: most unsteerable
Etymology: From un- + steerable.
Senses: glosses: Not capable of being steered.
runner-up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɹʌn.əˈɹʌp/
ipa: /ˌɹʌn.ɚˈʌp/
Forms: form: runners-up
form: runner-ups
form: runner up
Senses: examples: text: Remember, if the winner cannot complete the duties, the runner-up will take over.
glosses: The person who finishes second, or in any position after the first.
examples: text: For years, Twitter was a runner-up social media company. It never grew to the size and scale of a Facebook or an Instagram. It simply muddled along.
ref: 2022 July 11, Kate Conger, Mike Isaac, “How Elon Musk Damaged Twitter and Left It Worse Off”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Second favourite.
runners-up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of runner-up
runner up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: runners up
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of runner-up.
herringbone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛɹɪŋˌboʊn/
Forms: form: herringbones
form: herring-bone
Etymology: From herring + bone.
Senses: examples: text: The prosperity of Amsterdam was then so great that it was said that Amsterdam was "founded on herring-bones."
ref: 1884, Samuel Smiles, Men of Invention and Industry:
glosses: A bone of a herring.
examples: text: 'The best path of life is but a herring-bone pattern.'
ref: 1861, Charlotte Yonge, The Young Step-Mother:
text: Mr Bloom walked behind the eyeless feet, a flatcut suit of herringbone tweed.
ref: 1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
text: Though almost engulfed by Bedford, Elstow's claim to villagedom is still maintained by two fine rows of timber-framed, overhung, black-and-white cottages and the timber and herringbone-brick Swan pub.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 174:
glosses: A zigzag pattern, especially made by bricks, on a cloth, or by stitches in sewing.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
skiing
sports
glosses: A method of climbing a hill by pointing the skis outward in a V-shape to keep from sliding backwards.
examples: text: For some strange and elusive reason, the staid, prosaic herringbones have angled themselves into a position of fashion prominence.
ref: 1963, Men's Wear, volume 147, page 39:
topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
glosses: Twilled fabric woven in rows of parallel sloping lines.
Derived terms: herringbone gear
herringbone stitch
Related terms: fishbone
herringlike
herringbone
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛɹɪŋˌboʊn/
Forms: form: herringbones
form: herringboning
form: herringboned
form: herringboned
form: herring-bone
Etymology: From herring + bone.
Senses: glosses: To stitch in a herringbone pattern.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
skiing
sports
glosses: To climb a hill by pointing the skis outward in a V-shape to keep from sliding backwards.
Derived terms: word: herringboned
runners up
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of runner up
herring-bone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: herring-bones
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of herringbone.
antimonopoly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: anti-monopoly
Etymology: From anti- + monopoly.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: Usually with respect to laws or policies: in opposition to the creation or continuance of a monopoly.
Related terms: antimonopolism
antimonopolist
antitrust
interleaf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪntəliːf/
enpr: ĭnʹtər-lēf
ipa: /ˈɪntɚliːf/
ipa: /ɪntəˈliːf/
enpr: ĭn-tər-lēfʹ
ipa: /ɪntɚˈliːf/
Forms: form: interleaves
Etymology: From inter- + leaf.
Senses: glosses: A leaf, often of tissue paper or other thin paper, inserted between the pages of a book to protect illustrations.
examples: If you stack high columns of these boxes without using interleafs they'll fall apart.
glosses: A sheet of paper or cardboard, placed between layers on a pallet to create a cohesive structure.
interleaf
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪntəliːf/
enpr: ĭnʹtər-lēf
ipa: /ˈɪntɚliːf/
ipa: /ɪntəˈliːf/
enpr: ĭn-tər-lēfʹ
ipa: /ɪntɚˈliːf/
Forms: form: interleafs
form: interleafing
form: interleafed
form: interleafed
Etymology: From inter- + leaf.
Senses: glosses: Same as interleave
synonyms: word: interleave
Derived terms: interleafed
interleaf friction
interleafing
cabinetmaker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cabinetmakers
form: cabinet maker
Etymology: From cabinet + maker.
Senses: examples: text: He waited and waited, in the faith that Schinkel was dealing with them in his slow, categorical Teutonic way, and only objurgated the cabinetmaker for having in the first place paltered with his sacred trust. Why hadn't he come straight to him—whatever the mysterious document was—instead of talking it over with French featherheads?
ref: 1886, Henry James, The Princess Casamassima, London: Macmillan and Co.:
coordinate_terms: furnituremaker
glosses: A skilled woodworker who makes high-quality wooden cabinets and furniture.
Related terms: cabinetmaking
cabinetry
furnituremaking
carpenter
joiner
cabinetmaking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cabinet making
Etymology: From cabinet + making.
Senses: synonyms: cabinetry
hypernyms: carpentry
coordinate_terms: furnituremaking
glosses: The art of the cabinetmaker.
cabinet making
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of cabinetmaking.
cabinetwork
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From cabinet + -work.
Senses: glosses: Cabinets and furniture made by a cabinetmaker.
glosses: Synonym of cabinetmaking.
synonyms: word: cabinetmaking
Synonyms: sense: both senses
word: cabinetry
Related terms: sense: both senses
word: woodwork
sense: both senses
word: woodworking
calamine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: calamines
Etymology: From French calamine, from Medieval Latin calamīna, from Latin cadmīa, ultimately from Ancient Greek Κᾰδμείᾱ (Kădmeíā), from Κάδμος (Kádmos, “Cadmus”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming related substances”). Doublet of cadmia, calaminaris, and lapis calaminaris.
Senses: examples: text: Poison Ivy, Lord,'ll make you itch
You're gonna need an ocean
Of calamine lotion
You'll be scratchin' like a hound
The minute you start to mess around
ref: 1959, “Poison Ivy”, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller (lyrics), performed by The Coasters:
text: For Secret Santa two years before, she had gifted him a bottle of calamine lotion.
ref: 2022, Ling Ma, “Tomorrow”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:
topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Synonym of smithsonite, a pink form of zinc oxide (mainly zinc carbonate ZnCO₃) formed as a byproduct of zinc sublimation, now used in skin lotions.
synonyms: word: smithsonite
extra: a pink form of zinc oxide (mainly zinc carbonate ZnCO₃) formed as a byproduct of zinc sublimation, now used in skin lotions
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Synonym of hemimorphite, an orthorhombic-pyramidal mineral containing zinc.
synonyms: word: hemimorphite
extra: an orthorhombic-pyramidal mineral containing zinc
Synonyms: sense: pink form of zinc oxide
word: calaminaris
sense: pink form of zinc oxide
word: lapis calaminaris
Derived terms: calamine brass
calamine
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: calamines
form: calamining
form: calamined
form: calamined
Etymology: From French calamine, from Medieval Latin calamīna, from Latin cadmīa, ultimately from Ancient Greek Κᾰδμείᾱ (Kădmeíā), from Κάδμος (Kádmos, “Cadmus”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming related substances”). Doublet of cadmia, calaminaris, and lapis calaminaris.
Senses: glosses: To coat or treat with calamine.
zinc oxide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An amorphous solid, ZnO, white when pure but often pale yellow, used in pigments and cosmetics.
Synonyms: flowers of zinc
Hyponyms: sense: pink
word: calamine
sense: pink
word: calaminaris
sense: pink
word: lapis calaminaris
sense: pink
word: cadmia
sense: white
word: zinc white
sense: white
word: Chinese white
sense: white
word: nill
sense: white
word: nihil album
sense: white
word: white snow
sense: white
word: philosopher's wool
calciferous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kælˈsɪfəɹəs/
rhymes: -ɪfəɹəs
Forms: form: more calciferous
form: most calciferous
Etymology: From calci- + -ferous.
Senses: glosses: Yielding or containing calcium, calcium carbonate or calcite.
Derived terms: calciferol
calciferous gland
calciferous sandstone
noncalciferous
Related terms: calcareous
earths
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɝθs/
ipa: /ɜːθs/
Senses: glosses: plural of earth
earths
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɝθs/
ipa: /ɜːθs/
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of earth
earthing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˈɜː(ɹ)θɪŋ/
Etymology: From earth + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of earth
earthing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɜː(ɹ)θɪŋ/
Forms: form: earthings
Etymology: From earth + -ing.
Senses: glosses: The act or process of placing (something) in the earth; planting; burying
glosses: The process of connecting with the earth's energy, usually through bodily contact (e.g. walking barefoot), supposed to achieve health and vitality.
Related terms: grounding
calcimine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: calcimines
form: calsomine
Etymology: Alteration of kalsomine, after Latin calcis, genitive of calx (“lime”).
Senses: examples: text: If a ceiling is peeling (from using the wrong paint over calcimine, probably; it's an old house), how do you remove all the paint down to the plaster all over the ceiling?
ref: 1983 August 6, Stephanie St. John, “Advice Needed”, in Gay Community News, page 18:
glosses: A form of whitewash (inexpensive white paint) made from calcium carbonate, glue and water, used to coat wooden or plaster surfaces.
Synonyms: kalsomine
calcimine
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: calcimines
form: calcimining
form: calcimined
form: calcimined
form: calsomine
Etymology: Alteration of kalsomine, after Latin calcis, genitive of calx (“lime”).
Senses: glosses: To coat with this substance.
Derived terms: calciminer
calciminer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: calciminers
Etymology: From calcimine + -er.
Senses: glosses: A person who calcimines.
calculi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kăl′kyə-lī′
ipa: /ˈkal.kjəˌlaɪ̯/
ipa: /ˈkal.kjəˌlʌi̯/
ipa: /ˈkal.kjəˌləi̯/
note: conservative Received Pronunciation; General American, Canada
ipa: /ˈkæl.kjəˌlaɪ̯/
ipa: /ˈkæl.kjəˌlʌɪ̯/
ipa: /ˈkæl.kjəˌlɑe̯/
ipa: /ˈkɛl.kjəˌlaɪ̯/
ipa: /ˈkal.kjuˌlaj/
rhymes: -ælkjəlaɪ
Senses: glosses: plural of calculus
postal authority
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: postal authorities
Senses: examples: text: Many postal authorities are affiliated with the UPU.
glosses: An organisation charged by the governing body of a country or region with the provision of postal services within that region.
cytogenetic band
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cytogenetic bands
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Any of the subregions of a chromosome that are visible under a microscope after staining
assagai
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: assagais
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of assegai.
assagai
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: assagais
form: assagaiing
form: assagaied
form: assagaied
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of assegai.
calyces
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈkæ.lɪ.siːs/
/ˈkeɪ.lɪ.siːz/
Senses: glosses: plural of calyx
capstone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæpˌstoʊn/
Forms: form: capstones
Etymology: From Middle English capston; equivalent to cap + stone.
Senses: glosses: Any of the stones making up the top layer of a wall; a coping stone.
examples: text: “You see, I’ve never had a girl friend,” I added, by way of topping the obelisk of silliness with the capstone of fatuity.
ref: 1904, Guy Wetmore Carryl, Far from the Maddening Girls, chapter 5:
text: Success of the Apollo program has been the capstone to a series of significant accomplishments for the United States in space in a broad spectrum of manned and unmanned exploration missions and in the application of space techniques for the benefit of man.
ref: 1969, The Post-Apollo Space Program: Directions for the Future, NASA:
glosses: A crowning achievement, culmination or finishing touch.
Synonyms: capestane
copestone
Derived terms: capstone project
capstone
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæpˌstoʊn/
Forms: form: capstones
form: capstoning
form: capstoned
form: capstoned
Etymology: From Middle English capston; equivalent to cap + stone.
Senses: examples: text: Capstoning a decade's worth of linked short stories, The Quiet War (2008) was a vivid and tense novel about a solar system sliding into conflict.
ref: 2012, Keith Brooke, Strange Divisions and Alien Territories, page 23:
glosses: To complete as a crowning achievement; to top off.
examples: text: “Capstoned” units are now able to train and plan in peacetime with the command with which they will fight in wartime.
ref: 1981, Army Reserve Magazine, volumes 27-28, page 24:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: To train in the Capstone Military Leadership Program.
Related terms: caprock
keystone
carpi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of carpus
cascara
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cascaras
Etymology: From Spanish cáscara (“bark" or "husk”).
Senses: glosses: A North American buckthorn (Frangula purshiana, syn. Rhamnus purshiana) whose bark is used as a laxative.
examples: text: "That's as bitter as a dose of cascara."
ref: 1972, John O'Grady, It's Your Shout, Mate, Ure Smith, page 60:
glosses: A laxative drug or preparation based on this plant.
glosses: Dried coffee cherry fruit used in teas and other drinks.
Derived terms: cascara amarga
cascara sagrada
caseharden
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: casehardens
form: casehardening
form: casehardened
form: casehardened
form: case harden
Etymology: From case + harden.
Senses: glosses: To harden the surface of iron or steel by infusing carbon into the surface layer.
glosses: To make insensitive to hardship.