Hansard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhænsəd/
ipa: /ˈhænsɚd/
Forms: form: Hansards
Etymology: PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Middle English hansard (“merchant or citizen of a Hanseatic town; member of a merchant guild; a surname”), from hanse, hansze, hanze, haunse (“merchant guild; the Hanseatic League; member of the Hanseatic League; membership fee for a merchant guild; payment in general”) + -ard (suffix forming adjectives and nouns). Hanse is derived from Old French hanse (“merchant guild; membership fee for a merchant guild”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“beside, by; with; along”) + *sed- (“to sit”). The English word is analysable as Hanse (“merchant guild; the Hanseatic League”) + -ard (suffix forming agent nouns, especially pejorative ones).
Senses: examples: text: The cloſe of the thirteenth century appears to been have a remarkable era in the commercial hiſtory of London. In 1296, the company of merchant-adventurers was firſt incorporated by Edward I. The Hanſards, or Hanſe merchants, also received conſiderable privileges about the ſame time.
ref: 1819, Abraham Rees, “LONDON”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume XXI, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:
text: The merchants of the Hanse Towns, or Hansards, as they were then commonly termed, were established in London at a very early period, and their factory here was of considerable magnitude and importance.
ref: 1871, J[ohn] R[amsay] M‘Culloch, “HANSEATIC LEAGUE”, in Hugh G. Reid, editor, A Dictionary Practical, Theoretical, and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. […], new revised and corrected edition, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 672, column 1:
text: The earlier commercial fisheries of the northern Atlantic waters were mainly of herring and mackerel, taken by nets in the North and Norwegian seas and marketed abroad by Hansard merchants.
ref: 1975, Carl Ortwin Sauer, “Early Sixteenth Century (1501–1518)”, in Sixteenth Century North America: The Land and the People as Seen by Europeans, 1st paperback edition, Berkeley; Los Angeles, Calif.; London: University of California Press, →ISBN, part I (The Atlantic Coast as Known to Midcentury), page 11:
text: Discussions concerning economic activities of the Hansards often immediately turn to kontors and outposts. [...] At these junctions in the European trade network, the economic sphere, partly dominated by the Hansards, connected various trade regions with different economic and social cultures, goods, and customs.
ref: 2015, Mike Burkhardt, “Kontors and Outposts”, in Donald J[ames] Harreld, editor, A Companion to the Hanseatic League (Brill’s Companions to European History), Leiden; Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, part 2 (Themes in Hanse History), page 127:
text: Festering antagonism between English and Hanseatic merchants was rooted in the principle of reciprocity. The Hansards enjoyed extensive trading privileges in England, especially at the Steelyard in London, yet they offered their English counterparts no such commercial concessions in their own markets.
ref: 2015, Charles D. Stanton, “The German Hanse: Martial Merchants of the Baltic”, in Medieval Maritime Warfare, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime, Pen & Sword Books, →ISBN, part II (Northern Europe – The North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the English Channel), page 282:
glosses: A member of a Hanse (“merchant guild”), or a resident of a Hanse town.