cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
bolster
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɒlstə/
ipa: /ˈbəʊlstə/
ipa: [ˈbɒʊlstə]
ipa: /ˈboʊlstɚ/
Forms: form: bolsters
form: bolstering
form: bolstered
form: bolstered
form: boulster
form: bowster
form: bouster
form: boster
Etymology: From Middle English bolster, bolstre, from Old English bolster (“pillow”), from Proto-West Germanic *bolstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”). Cognate with Scots bowster (“bolster”), West Frisian bulster (“mattress”), Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”), German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”), Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”), Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”).
Senses: examples: text: Puget also teamed up with Matt Hyde (Deftones, Slayer) to co-produce the record, which was another smart move: Together, the pair ensures that AFI (The Blood Album)'s arrangements are streamlined, but bolstered by just the right amount of atmospheric texture.
ref: 2017 January 20, Annie Zaleski, “AFI sounds refreshed and rejuvenated on its 10th album, AFI (The Blood Album)”, in The Onion AV Club:
text: However, once the bi-modes come on stream this [the power supply] will need to be bolstered by a feed at Braybrooke, just south of Market Harborough, for which reason the Department for Transport has supported the extension of overhead electrification from Kettering to Market Harborough.
ref: 2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line upgrade presses on”, in Modern Railways, page 62:
text: At the outbreak of the Second World War, the number of locomotives at the depot was bolstered by the loan of several tank engines from the GWR, usually fitted with the distinctive "balloon" spark arrestors.
ref: 2022 January 12, Chris Hegg, “The secret railway in the woods”, in RAIL, number 948, page 36:
text: On a trip aimed at bolstering often-frayed ties with Riyadh, Sullivan also held joint talks with the crown prince, UAE national security adviser Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed al-Nahyan and India national security adviser Ajit Doval "to advance their shared vision of a more secure and prosperous Middle East region interconnected with India and the world," the White House said.
ref: 2023 May 8, Matt Spetalnick, “Top Biden aide discusses Yemen peace efforts with Saudi crown prince”, in Reuters:
glosses: To brace, reinforce, secure, or support.
Derived terms: bolsterer
bolsterment
bolster up
embolster
rebolster
unbolster
OTOO
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: glosses: Initialism of on the order of.
stumps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of stump
Derived terms: pull up stumps
draw stumps
stumps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: England still have a chance of winning tomorrow if they can get India out before stumps today.
text: Australia were 488-6 at stumps against India.
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: close of play (when the stumps are pulled out of the ground by the umpires)
stumps
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of stump
Pancake Day
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: coordinate_terms: Waffle Day
glosses: Shrove Tuesday, when pancakes are traditionally made; in some traditions the day for pancake races for charity.
Synonyms: word: Pancake Tuesday
word: Shrove Tuesday
pancake landing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pancake landings
Senses: glosses: An emergency landing in which an aircraft drops flat from a low altitude with no wheels deployed.
Related terms: belly landing
Shrove Tuesday
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Shrove Tuesdays
Etymology: The second element is Tuesday; the first element may be a reflex of Old English *scrāf “confession” (related to the modern verb shrive), from the medieval practice of priests hearing confessions on this day.
Senses: examples: text: Observe when the Moon is new in February, the next Tuesday after is Shrove-tuesday: but if it change on Tuesday, then the next Tuesday following is Shrove-tuesday
ref: 1712, Erra Pater, A Prognostication for Ever, Made by Erra Pater, page 7:
text: The day appointed for this extraordinary hunting-party was Shrove Tuesday. The Protestants of Paisley, in whose neighbourhood this story may be said to have originated, cannot discern the difference betwixt Shrove Tuesday and any other Tuesday; but if a Roman Catholic Princess, even in our free times, should be invited to a hunting-match on Shrove Tuesday, she would be shocked at the profane invitation.
ref: 1779, David Dalyrymple, Annals of Scotland From the Accenssion of Robert I, page 283:
coordinate_terms: Fat Thursday
glosses: The day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday.
Synonyms: Mardi Gras
Fat Tuesday
Pancake Day
Pancake Tuesday
Carnival
Related terms: Shrovetide
IMDb
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: IMDB
Senses: examples: text: Documentary filmmaker Cristina Ibarra is among the 25 fellows. Ibarra is known for creating narratives about Latino families living in borderland communities, the MacArthur website said. Her latest film, “The Infiltrators,” tells the story of young immigrants who get arrested by Border Patrol and detained in a for-profit detention center, according to the movie’s summary on IMDb.
ref: 2021 September 28, Amir Vera, “An anti-racist author, a documentary filmmaker and a computational virologist are among the 2021 MacArthur Foundation ‘genius grant’ winners”, in CNN:
glosses: Initialism of Internet Movie Database, a website that documents movies and television shows.
Related terms: urls: http://www.imdb.com/
word: Internet Movie Database
IMDB
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of IMDb.
bureaucracy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bjʊəˈɹɒk.ɹə.si/
note: of Canada
ipa: /bjʊˈɹɑ.kɹə.si/
note: of Canada
ipa: /bjɝɹɑ.kɹə.si/
note: of the US
ipa: /bjʊˈɹɒ.kɹə.si/
note: of the US
ipa: /bjɝɹɒ.kɹə.si/
ipa: /bjʊəˈɹɔk.ɹə si/
ipa: /bjʊəˈɹɒk.ɹə.si/
ipa: [bjʊəˈɹɔ̟k.ɹə.si]
rhymes: -ɒkɹəsi
Forms: form: bureaucracies
form: bureaucratie
form: bureau-ocracy
form: burocracy
Etymology: From bureau + -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”).
Senses: examples: text: However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.
ref: 2021 December 29, Philip Haigh, “Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, in RAIL, number 947, page 25:
glosses: Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
examples: text: At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.
text: Each of the most provocative selections is facing criticism that they lack the expertise and experience to run the vast, specialized bureaucracies that would be under their control.
ref: 2024 November 18, Stephen Collinson, “Trump doubles down on provocative Cabinet picks as their fates hang in the balance”, in CNN:
topics: business
qualifier: organizational theory
glosses: A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.
examples: raw_tags: apocryphal quip
text: The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)
glosses: The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government.
examples: text: The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.
text: "If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.
ref: 2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail, page 35:
text: “If you have rule of the bureaucrat — if the bureaucracy is in charge, then what meaning does democracy actually have?” Musk said during his 30-minute appearance with Trump, where he rebuffed critics who said he’s the one undermining democratic institutions.
ref: 2025 February 14, Marshall Cohen, “The almighty Musk: How the world’s richest man became Washington’s most powerful bureaucrat”, in CNN:
glosses: Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour.
Synonyms: sense: rule through excessive regulation
word: papyrocracy
Derived terms: antibureaucracy
bureaucrat
bureaucratese
bureaucratic
bureaucratically
bureaucratize
bureaucrazy
bureaupathology
Eurocracy
technobureaucracy
Related terms: adhocracy
food pipe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: food pipes
Senses: glosses: The esophagus/oesophagus.
Synonyms: esophagus
oesophagus
gullet
effectively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈfɛktɪvli/
Forms: form: more effectively
form: most effectively
Etymology: From effective + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The nightclubs generally provide liquor (at a price), pretty girls who are clad diaphanously but extremely effectively, a tiny space in which to dance [...] and food[.]
ref: 1946, George Johnston, Skyscrapers in the Mist, page 89:
text: A state ideology, mixing nationalism, and basic Marxist economics, going under the name "Juche", was constructed, and Kim Il-sung effectively silenced, disposed of and cleared away any opposition, isolating the country and exercising an iron grip on the military, the state media and the government and party organs.
ref: 2011 December 19, Kerry Brown, “Kim Jong-il obituary”, in The Guardian:
glosses: In an efficient or effective manner; with powerful effect.
examples: text: On paper, the answer seems to be yes, but, effectively, the answer is no.
text: A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.
ref: 2012 March 24, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:
glosses: Essentially, in effect, for all practical purposes.
Derived terms: isoeffectively
Related terms: cost-effectively
water park
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water parks
Senses: glosses: An amusement park featuring waterplay areas, such as water slides and splash pads.
glosses: A public park featuring water features.
Synonyms: aquadrome
aquapark
splash park
water pipe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔːtə(ɹ)ˌpaɪp/
Forms: form: water pipes
form: waterpipe
Etymology: From Middle English waterpype. By surface analysis, water + pipe.
Senses: glosses: A pipe that is a conduit for water; an essential element of plumbing.
glosses: A device for smoking, such as a hookah or bong, in which the smoke is drawn through a container of water before inhaling.
Synonyms: sense: device for smoking
word: See: hookah
Related terms: bong
hookah
hubbly bubbly
narghile
shisha
water bong
water power
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water powers
form: waterpower
Senses: examples: text: Advantage has been taken of the abundant natural water-power resources (which compensate, to a large extent, for the absence of coal) and some 660 route miles have been electrified with overhead conductors.
ref: 1952 January, “Electrification Progress in Norway”, in Railway Magazine, page 54:
glosses: Mechanical or electrical energy derived from running or falling water; originally obtained from a waterwheel immersed in a stream; modern hydroelectric power is obtained from turbines fed from reservoirs.
glosses: A site capable of generating power or the right to use a site to generate power.
examples: text: Fire trucks were parked everywhere: a new arrival was being carefully backed around the stacked pallets to add some new waterpower.
ref: 1988 October 14, Bill Wyman, “Fire and Water”, in Chicago Reader:
glosses: The capacity to shoot water, as from a fire hose or squirt gun
Hyponyms: sense: mechanical or electrical power derived from water
word: hydropower
Related terms: hydropowered
water-powered
water engine
watermill
water mill
hydroelectricity
waterpower
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: waterpowers
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of water power.
water wheel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water wheels
form: waterwheel
form: water-wheel
Senses: examples: text: "Yes, yes, I'll tell you the road directly, it's it's straight on through the wood till you come to the big water-wheel!"
ref: 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 278:
text: Turbines have been around for a long time—windmills and water wheels are early examples. The name comes from the Latin turbo, meaning vortex, and thus the defining property of a turbine is that a fluid or gas turns the blades of a rotor, which is attached to a shaft that can perform useful work.
ref: 2013 July-August, Lee S. Langston, “The Adaptable Gas Turbine”, in American Scientist:
coordinate_terms: turbine
glosses: A wheel, propelled by running or falling water, used to power machinery.
coordinate_terms: Archimedes' screw
glosses: A wheel with buckets used to raise water.
Synonyms: sense: wheel with buckets
word: noria
waterwheel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: waterwheels
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of water wheel.
presidential
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹɛzɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l/
Forms: form: more presidential
form: most presidential
form: Presidential
Etymology: From president + -ial.
Senses: examples: text: Take the New Right's full-throated embrace of protectionism and industrial policy. This romance with protectionism started in the 1990s with former GOP presidential candidate Pat Buchanan, gained enormous traction under former President Donald Trump, and is still going strong today.
ref: 2024 March 20, Veronique de Rugy, “The Political Right Has Luxury Beliefs, Too”, in Reason:
glosses: Pertaining to a president or presidency.
glosses: Presiding or watching over.
examples: text: I feel my age and supposed status mean I am permanently required to be in presidential mode. And I mean this in the old sense of “presidential”, meaning magnanimous, patient and generous, rather than in the modern sense of presidential, meaning being a corrupt, pussy-grabbing racist.
ref: 2016 November 20, Stewart Lee, “No more schmoozing with the enemy on TV shows”, in The Guardian:
glosses: With the bearing or composure that befits a president; stately, dignified.
examples: text: These prayers are addressed to God in the name of the entire holy people and all present, by the priest who presides over the assembly in the person of Christ. It is with good reason, therefore, that they are called the "presidential prayers."
ref: 2002, General Instruction of the Roman Missal, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc., §30
topics: Catholicism
Christianity
Roman-Catholicism
glosses: (of prayers) addressed to God on behalf of the congregation by the presiding priest
Derived terms: nonpresidential
postpresidential
prepresidential
presidentiality
presidential letter
presidentially
presidential memorandum
presidentialness
presidential palace
presidential republic
semi-presidential
unpresidential
vice presidential
undershot
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌn.də(ɹ)ˌʃɒt/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of undershoot
undershot
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌn.də(ɹ)ˌʃɒt/
Senses: glosses: Powered by water flowing from below. (of a water wheel)
examples: text: His blunt undershot mouth curved in a smile that was somewhat ingratiating.
ref: 1931, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 3, in The Glass Key, New York: Vintage, published 1972, page 50:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Having the lower incisor teeth projecting beyond the upper ones, as in the bulldog.
undershot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌn.də(ɹ)ˌʃɒt/
Forms: form: undershots
Senses: glosses: An undershot water wheel.
Related terms: overshot
dc
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: We used a low-pressure (0.1 mbar) hydrogen-argon mixture (10% H 2 ) with dc plasma ignited between two aluminum electrodes.
ref: 2009 January 30, D. C. Elias et al., “Control of Graphene's Properties by Reversible Hydrogenation: Evidence for Graphane”, in Science:
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of DC.
qualifier: crochet
glosses: Initialism of double crochet.
Patrick
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpætɹɪk/
ipa: [ˈpʰæ.t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪk̚]
rhymes: -ætɹɪk
Forms: form: Patricks
Etymology: From Middle English Patrick, from Latin Patricius (“patrician”), the name of an early Irish saint. Doublet of Paddy.
Senses: examples: text: Yes, by Saint Patrick, but there is, Horatio,
And much offence, too.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:
text: - Are unusual names nice?
- Yes.
- Then why am I called Patrick?
She laughed but only for a little bit. She smiled at me, I think to make sure that I knew she wasn't laughing at me.
- Because your daddy's called Patrick, she said.
I liked that, being called after my da.
- There are five Patricks in our class, I said.
- Is that right?
- Patrick Clarke. That's me. Patrick O'Neill. Patrick Redmond. Patrick Genocci. Patrick Flynn.
- That's a lot, she said. - It's a nice name. Very dignified.
- Three of them are called Paddy, I told her. - One Pat and one Patrick.
ref: 1993, Roddy Doyle, Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha, page 138:
glosses: A male given name.
glosses: An English surname originating as a patronymic.
glosses: A placename
A village in Queensland, Australia; named for Patrick Creek, itself for Patrick, an Aboriginal assistant to Frederick Walker, Commandant of the Native Police.
glosses: A placename
A parish of the sheading of Glenfaba, Isle of Man.
glosses: A placename
A town in South Carolina, United States; named for railroad official John T. Patrick.
glosses: A placename
An unincorporated community in Nevada, United States; named for rancher Patrick McCarran.
glosses: A placename
Ellipsis of Patrick County.
Derived terms: word: Paddy
word: Pat
word: Patsy
word: Paterson
word: Patrick County
word: Patricksburg
word: Pattinson
word: Pattison
word: Portpatrick
word: Preston Patrick
word: St Patrick's Isle
Related terms: word: Patrice
word: Patricia
btw
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of between.
btw
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of BTW (“by the way”).
water ski
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water skis
form: water-ski
form: waterski
Senses: glosses: A broad ski used for water skiing.
water ski
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: water skis
form: water skiing
form: water skied
form: water skied
form: water-ski
form: waterski
Senses: coordinate_terms: aquaplane#Verb
glosses: To ride on water skis.
water skiing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water-skiing
form: waterskiing
Senses: glosses: The sport of riding on water skis, whilst being towed by a motorboat.
Related terms: wakeboarding
water skiing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: water-skiing
form: waterskiing
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of water ski
water-skiing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of water skiing.
waterspout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔː.tə spaʊt/
note: without the cot–caught merger
ipa: /ˈwɔ.təɹ spaʊt/
ipa: /ˈwɑ.təɹ spaʊt/
Forms: form: waterspouts
Etymology: From water + spout.
Senses: synonyms: cataract
glosses: A whirlwind that forms over water, not associated with a mesocyclone of a thunderstorm (contrary to a true tornado).
glosses: A true tornado that passes over a body of water.
examples: text: Basically, the problem was actually the British had too many ships! The Grand Fleet wasn't half bad with its gunnery, but there was so many battleships throwing fire at the battlecruisers and battleships of the High Seas Fleet that it was actually very difficult to tell "Is that splash from us? Is that splash from that ship? Is that splash from a ship in another division? We don't know!", so a lot of incorrect estimates and measures were taken, which lead to an awful lot of waterspouts going up, but not anywhere near the number of hits that you would otherwise expect[…]
ref: 2021 May 2, Drachinifel, 3:59:19 from the start, in The Drydock - Episode 144, archived from the original on 26 Sep 2022:
glosses: A plume of water rising from the surface of a body of water as the result of an explosion or impact.
glosses: A channel through which water is discharged, especially from the gutters of a roof.
Hypernyms: whirlwind
Coordinate terms: dust devil
Derived terms: tornadic waterspout
Related terms: landspout
fire whirl
gargoyle
water tower
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water towers
form: water-tower
Senses: glosses: A large tank of water, in an elevated position, acting as a local reservoir; water is pumped into the tank and fed by gravity to the consumers.
glosses: A large metal pipe made to be extended vertically by sections, and used for discharging water upon burning buildings.
water works
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water works
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of waterworks.
have the blues
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: has the blues
form: having the blues
form: had the blues
form: had the blues
Senses: examples: text: I've had the blues ever since my sweetheart left.
glosses: To be depressed; to have low morale; to feel sad.
cafard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cafards
Etymology: From French cafard.
Senses: examples: text: That's the worst trouble with the soldiers in the trenches — nothing to do. It gives them the cafards, the black butterflies, the blue devils, the jimjams, the hump.
ref: 1918, Elizabeth Frazer, Old Glory and Verdun, page 169:
text: At such times when the cafard of the city seized her, I was at my wits' end to devise a means of rousing her.
ref: 1957, Lawrence Durrell, Justine:
glosses: Depression; melancholy.
purify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpjʊəɹɪfaɪ/
ipa: /ˈpjɔːɹɪfaɪ/
ipa: /ˈpjʊɹɪfaɪ/
ipa: /ˈpjɝɪfaɪ/
Forms: form: purifies
form: purifying
form: purified
form: purified
Etymology: From Middle English purifien, purifyen, from Old French purifier, purifiier, from Latin pūrificō, pūrificāre, from pūrus (“pure; clean”).
Senses: examples: text: The modern arts deviate from the standards set forth by the divine—art should be used to purify one’s heart and improve one’s morality.
ref: 2020 May 4, “Young Practitioners Should Carefully Read “How the Specter of Communism Is Ruling Our World””, in Minghui:
glosses: To cleanse, or rid of impurities.
glosses: To free from guilt or sin.
glosses: To become pure.
Synonyms: alt: esp. by lustration
word: lustrate
word: luster
Derived terms: copurify
Related terms: puritan
cleanse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /klɛnz/
rhymes: -ɛnz
Forms: form: cleanses
form: cleansing
form: cleansed
form: cleansed
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English clensen, from Old English clǣnsian, from Proto-West Germanic *klainisōn, from Proto-West Germanic *klaini (“clean”). Cognate with archaic Dutch kleinzen (“to clean; to purify”).
Senses: examples: text: An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
ref: 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):
glosses: To free from dirt; to clean, to purify.
examples: text: [T]he famous Ganges: whoſe vnknowne head, pleaſant ſtreames, and long extent, haue amongſt thoſe Heathen Inhabitants, (by the Tradition of their Forefathers) gained a beliefe of clenſing all ſuch ſinnes, as the bodies of thoſe that waſh therein brought with them: [...]
ref: 1626, William Methold [i.e., William Methwold], “Relations of the Kingdome of Golchonda, and Other Neighbouring Nations within the Gulfe of Bengala, Arreccan, Pegu, Tennassery, &c. […]”, in [Samuel] Purchas, Purchas His Pilgrimes. […], 5th part, London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, page 993:
glosses: To spiritually purify; to free from guilt or sin; to purge.
glosses: To remove (something seen as unpleasant) from a person, place, or thing.
Derived terms: cleansable
cleanser
recleanse
uncleanse
cleanse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klɛnz/
rhymes: -ɛnz
Forms: form: cleanses
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English clensen, from Old English clǣnsian, from Proto-West Germanic *klainisōn, from Proto-West Germanic *klaini (“clean”). Cognate with archaic Dutch kleinzen (“to clean; to purify”).
Senses: examples: text: I regularly visit the spa for a massage and a facial cleanse.
synonyms: cleansing
glosses: An act of cleansing; a purification.
watersport
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: watersports
form: water sport
Etymology: From water + sport.
Senses: synonyms: aquatic sport
glosses: Any sport played on or in water; such as swimming or water skiing.
glosses: Synonym of watersports (“sexual practice involving urine”).
synonyms: word: watersports
extra: sexual practice involving urine
watery
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔːtəɹi/
ipa: /ˈwɔːtɹi/
ipa: /ˈwɔtəɹi/
ipa: /ˈwɑtəɹi/
rhymes: -ɔːtəɹi
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɔːtɹi
rhymes: (cot–caught merger) -ɑtəɹi
Forms: form: waterier
form: wateriest
form: watry
Etymology: From Middle English watery, wattry, from Old English wæteriġ (“watery”), from Proto-West Germanic *watarīg. Equivalent to water + -y.
Senses: examples: text: The prop also gave a good watery sound to those early radio rainstorms.
ref: 2005, Robert L. Mott, Radio Sound Effects:
glosses: Resembling or characteristic of water.
examples: text: European adventurers found themselves within a watery world, a tapestry of streams, channels, wetlands, lakes and lush riparian meadows enriched by floodwaters from the Mississippi River.
ref: 2013 January 24, Nancy Langston, “The Fraught History of a Watery World”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 22 Jan 2013, page 59:
glosses: Wet, soggy or soaked with water.
glosses: Diluted or having too much water.
glosses: Thin and pale therefore suggestive of water.
raw_tags: of light
examples: text: When the album succeeds, such as on the swaggering, Queen-esque “Nothing’s Gonna Stop Us,” it does so on The Darkness’ own terms—that is, as a random ’80s-cliché generator. But with so many tired, lazy callbacks to its own threadbare catalog (including “Love Is Not The Answer,” a watery echo of the epic “I Believe In A Thing Called Love” from 2003’s Permission To Land), Hot Cakes marks the point where The Darkness has stopped cannibalizing the golden age of stadium rock and simply started cannibalizing itself. And, despite Hawkins’ inveterate crotch-grabbing, there was never that much meat there to begin with.
ref: 2012 August 21, Jason Heller, “The Darkness: Hot Cakes (Music Review)”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: Weak and insipid.
examples: text: I took my cat to the vet because I was worried about his watery eyes.
glosses: Discharging water or similar substance as a result of disease etc.
glosses: Tearful.
examples: text: The good stuff in High Tide is the visual loveliness, maybe too lovely for the supposedly depressed seaport of Eden, the film's southern Australia locale. High Tide is laden with luscious pastels, watery vistas and quirky, weather-beaten clam joints.
ref: 1988 April 16, Elizabeth Pincus, “Taming Upstart Women”, in Gay Community News, page 7:
glosses: Containing many bodies of water.
Synonyms: word: aqueous
word: aquose
sense: characteristic of water
word: waterish
sense: soaked with water
word: drenched
word: moist
word: waterlogged
word: wet
sense: having too much water
word: wishy-washy
sense: insipid
word: bland
word: flavorless
word: insipid
Derived terms: unwatery
wateriness
Related terms: milk-and-watery
wattage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wattages
Etymology: From watt + -age.
Senses: glosses: An amount or power (especially electric), expressed in watts, kilowatts etc.
glosses: The power requirement of some electric appliance.
Related terms: amperage
voltage
waveband
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wavebands
Etymology: From wave + band.
Senses: examples: text: Since stomiids are sensitive to the far-red bioluminescence produced by their suborbital photophores, which other animals in the deepsea cannot sea, they have what could be regarded as a private waveband.
ref: 2013, Friedrich G. Barth, Ecology of Sensing:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A range of electromagnetic wavelengths or frequencies; for example shortwave or mediumwave radio.
waxwing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwæksˌwɪŋ/
Forms: form: waxwings
Etymology: From wax + wing.
Senses: examples: text: I was the shadow of the waxwing slain
By the false azure in the windowpane;
I was the smudge of ashen fluff—and I
Lived on, flew on, in the reflected sky.
ref: 1962, Charles Kinbote [pseudonym; Vladimir Nabokov], Pale Fire, New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, published November 1985, →ISBN:
glosses: Any of several songbirds of the genus Bombycilla, having crested heads, and red tips to the wings.
Derived terms: American waxwing
Bohemian waxwing
cedar waxwing
Japanese waxwing
crested
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɛstɪd/
rhymes: -ɛstɪd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of crest
crested
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɛstɪd/
rhymes: -ɛstɪd
Forms: form: cresteds
Senses: examples: text: Fourth, impure cresteds (with one of each alleles) will produce the crests on the heads of live birds, and it is these birds which are exhibited as Balis or Crested Ducks.
ref: 2000, Fancy Fowl, volumes 20-21:
text: Although the cresteds were the least numerous of the trio, they were certainly not uncommon.
ref: 2005, Country Life, volume 199, page 161:
glosses: Any of various creatures having a crest.
Hindu
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɪnduː/
Forms: form: Hindoo
Etymology: Derived from Classical Persian هِنْدُو (hindū, “Indian, Hindu”), from Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”), from hnd (Hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).
Senses: examples: text: Hindu American organizations, including the Hindu American Foundation and the Coalition of Hindus in North America, advocated for the law.
ref: 2025 October 7, Deepa Bharath, “California makes Diwali an official statewide holiday”, in KCRA:
glosses: Of, or relating to Hinduism, or to Hindus and their culture.
Synonyms: Dharmic
Derived terms: anti-Hindu
Hindudom
Hinduisation
Hinduise
Hinduism
Hinduization
Hinduize
Hindumisia
Hindumisic
Hinduness
Hindu numeral
Hinduphobe
Hinduphobia
Hinduphobic
Hindu push-up
Hindu Rashtra
Hindu squat
Related terms: Hindutva
Hindutvavadi
Hindu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɪnduː/
Forms: form: Hindus
form: Hindoo
Etymology: Derived from Classical Persian هِنْدُو (hindū, “Indian, Hindu”), from Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”), from hnd (Hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).
Senses: examples: text: Hindu American organizations, including the Hindu American Foundation and the Coalition of Hindus in North America, advocated for the law.
ref: 2025 October 7, Deepa Bharath, “California makes Diwali an official statewide holiday”, in KCRA:
glosses: A person adhering to the Hindu religion (Hinduism).
glosses: Any native inhabitant of Hindustan.
topics: government
military
politics
war
qualifier: North-West Frontier Province of British India
glosses: A bunnia (merchant or trader) with a company of soldiers.
glosses: A person of Indian religion and race.
Synonyms: word: Sanatani
english: revivalist, conservative
translation: revivalist, conservative
word: Sanatanist
english: a devotee; may sometimes be derogatory
translation: a devotee; may sometimes be derogatory
word: bhakt
Hypernyms: religionist
Related terms: word: Saiva
english: a worshipper of Shiva
translation: a worshipper of Shiva
word: Saivite
english: a worshipper of the goddess Shakti
translation: a worshipper of the goddess Shakti
word: Sakta
english: a worshipper of Vishnu
translation: a worshipper of Vishnu
word: Vaishnava
plastic arts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of plastic art
sculpture
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/
ipa: /ˈskʌlptj(ʊ)ə/
ipa: /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃə/
Forms: form: sculptures
Etymology: From Middle English sculpture, from Old French sculpture, from Latin sculptūra (“sculpture”), from sculpō (“to cut out, to carve in stone”).
Senses: examples: text: There, too, in living sculpture, might be seen / The mad affection of the Cretan queen.
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: A three-dimensional work of art created by shaping malleable objects and letting them harden or by chipping away pieces from a rock (sculpting).
glosses: More generally (since modernism), a three-dimensional work of art of any material or of mixed materials, whether sculpted, assembled, found, constructed or created using multiple techniques.
glosses: Works of art created by sculpting, as a group.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: The three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface of a shell.
examples: text: Whereas upon the humble Requeſt of Our Truſty and Wel-beloved Servant, JOHN OGILBY, Eſquire, We were Graciouſly pleaſed by Our Warrant of the 25. of May, in the ſeventeenth Year of Our Reign, to grant him the ſole Privilege and Immunity of Printing in fair Volumes, Adorned with Sculptures, Virgil Tranſlated, Homer's Iliads, Æſop Paraphraſed, and Our Entertainment in Paſſing through Our City of London, and Coronation, together with Homer's Odyſſes, and his fore-mentioned Æſop with his Additions and Annotations in Folio, with a Prohibition, that none ſhould Print or Re-print the ſame in any Volumes, without the Conſent and Approbation of him, the ſaid John Ogilby, his Heirs, Executors, or Aſſigns, within the term of Fifteen Years next enſuing the Date of Our ſaid Warrant;[…]
ref: 1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-126081-3026/page/n10/:
text: Both are Tranſlated into Engliſh, Illuſtrated with Sculptures, and Printed about two Years ago.
ref: 1690, “Preface to the Reader”, in A Full and True Relation of the Great and Wonderful Revolution That Hapned Lately in the Kingdom of Siam in the East-Indies, London: Randal Taylor, page i:
glosses: A printed picture, such as an engraving.
Derived terms: anonymous sculpture
involuntary sculpture
kinetic sculpture
liposculpture
living sculpture
macrosculpture
microsculpture
morphosculpture
photosculpture
resculpture
sculpturable
sculptural
sculpturer
sculpturesque
sculpturist
soft sculpture
ultrasculpture
sculpture
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/
ipa: /ˈskʌlptj(ʊ)ə/
ipa: /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃə/
Forms: form: sculptures
form: sculpturing
form: sculptured
form: sculptured
Etymology: From Middle English sculpture, from Old French sculpture, from Latin sculptūra (“sculpture”), from sculpō (“to cut out, to carve in stone”).
Senses: glosses: To fashion something into a three-dimensional figure.
glosses: To represent something in sculpture.
glosses: To change the shape of a land feature by erosion etc.
Related terms: sculpt
sculptor
sculptureless
sculpturelike
disincentive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪsɪnˈsɛntɪv/
rhymes: -ɛntɪv
Forms: form: disincentives
Etymology: From dis- + incentive.
Senses: examples: text: CDC guidelines issued in July called for voluntary HIV testing of all health care workers, but also recommended that those who are found HIV positive go before a local board that could advise them not to perform a list of "exposure-prone" procedures. AIDS activists and health care workers decried the guidelines, arguing that they served as a disincentive for health workers to seek HIV testing. They also charged that the recommendations legitimized public fear about HIV transmission during surgical or dental procedures.
ref: 1991 December 8, Jacob Smith Yang, “'Invasive Procedures' Dropped?”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 21, page 1:
glosses: That which discourages a particular behaviour; a deterrent.
Derived terms: disincentivize
Related terms: deterrent
disinformation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
ipa: /dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Etymology: Composed of dis- + information. Attested in the sense “intentional misinformation” in English from 1939. A different usage of disinformation occurred earlier, as early as 1887, as a simple synonym of misinformation.
Senses: glosses: False information intentionally disseminated to deliberately confuse or mislead; intentional misinformation.
examples: text: Moreover, Trump’s use of obvious disinformation — the amateurish video he showed Ramaphosa, and his accompanying statements about the “over a thousand” killings of white farmers — to try and make his case has uprooted whatever U.S. credibility had survived over the last several months.
ref: 2025 May 27, Thomas Carothers, “A new low on US democracy support”, in POLITICO:
glosses: Fabricated or deliberately manipulated content; intentionally created conspiracy theories or rumors.
Derived terms: disinformational
disinformation drive
disinformationist
disinfotainment
disinformation
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
ipa: /dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: disinformations
form: disinformationing
form: disinformationed
form: disinformationed
Etymology: Composed of dis- + information. Attested in the sense “intentional misinformation” in English from 1939. A different usage of disinformation occurred earlier, as early as 1887, as a simple synonym of misinformation.
Senses: examples: text: A country cannot disinformation its way out of fallen soldiers.
glosses: To use disinformation.
Related terms: dezinformatsiya
disinform
malinformation
misinformation
propaganda
undelete
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: undeletes
form: undeleting
form: undeleted
form: undeleted
Etymology: From un- + delete.
Senses: examples: text: To undelete (that's un-delete, not undulate — don't get excited) something that you deleted by accident, press Ctrl+Z. You have to do this immediately, like cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or you lose the patient.
ref: 1998, David C. Kay, Microsoft Works 4.5 for Windows For Dummies, page 87:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To recover (a file, record, etc.) from a deleted state; restore.
Related terms: undeletion
backup
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækˌʌp/
Forms: form: backups
form: back-up
Etymology: Deverbal from back up.
Senses: examples: text: If the goalkeeper is injured, we have a backup.
glosses: A reserve or substitute.
examples: text: After the power failure, we had to restore the database from backup.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A copy of a file or record, stored separately from the original, that can be used to recover the original if it is damaged or destroyed.
examples: text: The accident caused a mile-long backup on the highway.
text: The blockage caused a backup in the plumbing.
glosses: An accumulation of material caused by a (partial) obstruction or (complete) blockage of the flow or movement of the material, or an accumulation of material that causes an overflow due to the flow being greater than the maximum possible flow.
examples: text: He's got a gun! You'd better send for backup.
text: Shaman: My patience is tested, but Uvenk invokes correctly. Grunt, who is your krantt? Your allies willing to kill and die on your behalf?
Shepard: How is a candidate tested if he brings backup on his Rite of Passage?
Shaman: Not every krogan can be the strongest warrior, but each must inspire his peers to battle at his side.
Shaman: If the ones who know you best can find nothing worthy in you, you should wander the wastes and die alone before you weaken my clan.
ref: 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Tuchanka:
topics: government
law-enforcement
glosses: Reinforcements.
coordinate_terms: backstop#Noun
glosses: Any support or extra help.
examples: text: Debbie Ahn, on piano, provided some mesmerizing back-up and many fiery, on-target solos.
ref: 1984 April 21, Pam Gordon, “'There's Always Cost': Ferron's Boston Concert”, in Gay Community News, page 17:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Accompaniment.
examples: text: Pg. 206 on Yudit's comments on the feminists of Tel Aviv, "... and now they are translating Our Bodies Ourselves into Hebrew, leaving out the section on gays" was misinformed, a statement made without authoratative ^([sic]) backup in 1979 about a book first published in 1982.
ref: 1982 December 4, Ilana Weinstock, “Letters From My Aunt”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 20, page 4:
glosses: Corroboration.
Synonyms: sense: reserve
word: reserve
sense: reserve
word: stand-in
sense: reserve
word: spare
sense: reserve
word: substitute
sense: accumulation of material caused by an obstruction of flow
word: tailback
sense: accumulation of material caused by an obstruction of flow
english: of cars
translation: of cars
word: line
backup
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækˌʌp/
Forms: form: back-up
Etymology: Deverbal from back up.
Senses: examples: text: I am only a backup player.
glosses: Standby, reserve or extra.
examples: text: Make a backup copy of that file.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: That is intended as a backup.
glosses: Supporting, reinforcing; (music) of or related to accompaniment
Synonyms: sense: reserve
word: extra
sense: reserve
word: reserve
sense: reserve
word: spare
sense: reserve
word: standby
sense: supporting
word: backing
Derived terms: autobackup
backup beeper
backup camera
backup copy
backup vocalist
backup vocals
incremental backup
rolling backup
backup
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækˌʌp/
Forms: form: backups
form: backupping
form: backupped
form: backupped
form: back-up
Etymology: Deverbal from back up.
Senses: examples: text: We have two methods for backupping: the first one is writing the contents of disks onto magnetic tapes and the other is making a copy of the contents of disks on the disk of the mainframe computers of the laboratory.
ref: 1989, CERN, page 235:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Alternative form of back up.
gluten
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡluːtən/
ipa: /ˈɡluːtn̩/
rhymes: -uːtən
Forms: form: glutens
Etymology: From Middle French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).
Senses: examples: text: The Radicall or innate, is dayly ſupplied by nouriſhment, which ſome call Cambium, and make thoſe ſecundary Humors of Ros and Gluten to maintaine it: […]
ref: 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Division of the Body. Humors, Spirits.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 2, page 20:
glosses: Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the "animal humours").
examples: text: [T]he Fly suspends it self very firmly and easily, without the access or need of any such Sponges fill'd with an imaginary gluten, as many have, for want of good Glasses, perhaps, or a troublesome and diligent examination, suppos'd.
ref: 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, XXXVII:
text: The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.
ref: 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
glosses: Any gluey, sticky substance.
examples: text: Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.
ref: 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:
text: Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results […]
ref: 2010 June 10, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
cooking
food
lifestyle
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread.
examples: text: Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.
ref: 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 669:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc.
Derived terms: antigluten
glutard
glutelin
gluten bread
gluten casein
gluten fibrin
gluten-free
glutenfree
glutenin
glutenless
gluteny
glutinoid
nongluten
Related terms: gluta-
glutamic
glutinaceous
glutinous
gliadin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡlaɪədɪn/
ipa: /ˈɡlaɪəˌdiːn/
ipa: /ˈɡlaɪədɪn/
ipa: /ˈɡlaɪədən/
Forms: form: gliadins
Etymology: From Italian gloiodina, coined by G. Taddei in 1819 along with zymome. Compare glio- and gloeo-.
Senses: examples: text: Most of the gluten proteins, the gliadins and the glutenins, are around a thousand amino acids long. The gliadin chains fold onto themselves in a compact mass, and bond weakly with each other and with the glutenin proteins.
ref: 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:
synonyms: glutin
coordinate_terms: glutenin
glosses: A minor protein (along with gluten and glutelin) in wheat; it may cause a toxic reaction in some people.
Derived terms: antigliadin
glutin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -uːtɪn
Etymology: From French glutine.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of gliadin.
synonyms: word: gliadin
Derived terms: semiglutin
glutelin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɡluː.tə.lɪn/
Forms: form: glutelins
Etymology: Blend of gluten + globulin.
Senses: glosses: A minor protein (along with gluten and gliadin) in wheat.
Derived terms: proglutelin