cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
caret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ət/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ət/
ipa: /ˈkɛɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkɛɹ.ət/
homophone: carat
homophone: karat
homophone: carrot (weak vowel merger)
rhymes: -æɹɪt
rhymes: -æɹət
Forms: form: carets
Etymology: From the Latin caret (“it lacks”), the third-person singular present active indicative form of careō (“I lack”).
Senses: glosses: A mark ⟨ ‸ ⟩ used by writers and proofreaders to indicate that something is to be inserted at that point.
glosses: An exponentiation symbol or operator ⟨＾⟩.
qualifier: user interface
glosses: An indicator, often a blinking line or bar and usually called a cursor, indicating where the next insertion or other edit will take place.
glosses: A circumflex ⟨ ˆ ⟩.
examples: text: […] the more conventional semivocalic j and the caret (ˇ) respectively.
ref: 1944, Maro Beath Jones, “Inclusive Uniform Alphabet for Russian, Bulgarian, Serb-Croatian, Czech, Polish”, in Claremont Slavic Series, Claremont College, page 10:
text: The caret (ˇ), háček, is used over the following consonants: c, d, n, t, r, s, and z to indicate the soft sound. The caret (ˇ) is also used over the vowel e (See Pronunciation II, b, p, v).
ref: 1948, Bohumil Emil Mikula, Progressive Czech (Bohemian) (Chicago: Czechoslovak National Council of America), 6
text: In contemporary Czech, the “hook” or caret is no longer in use for lower-case t and d when the latter are palatal; instead, an apostrophe is used (t’, d’) This development is clearly connected with the practical difficulty encountered in printing a caret over letter stems that are too thin.
ref: 1991, Michael Shapiro, The Sense of Change: Language as History, Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 58, →ISBN:
glosses: A háček ⟨ ˇ ⟩.
Hyponyms: inverted caret
Derived terms: caret notation
caretlike
caret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ət/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ət/
ipa: /ˈkɛɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkɛɹ.ət/
homophone: carat
homophone: karat
homophone: carrot (weak vowel merger)
rhymes: -æɹɪt
rhymes: -æɹət
ipa: /kəˈɹɛt/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ət/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkæɹ.ət/
ipa: /ˈkɛɹ.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈkɛɹ.ət/
homophone: carat
homophone: karat
homophone: carrot (weak vowel merger)
rhymes: -æɹɪt
rhymes: -æɹət
Forms: form: carets
Etymology: From French caret.
Senses: glosses: A kind of turtle, the hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata).
carl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɑːl/
ipa: /kɑɹl̩/
ipa: /kɑrəl/
rhymes: -ɑːl
rhymes: -ɑɹl̩
Forms: form: carls
Etymology: From Middle English carl, from Old English carl, a borrowing from Old Norse karl (“man, husband”), from Proto-Germanic *karilaz. Doublet of ceorl, churl, and karl.
Senses: examples: text: In Lent noblemen and carls alike had got into the traces and pulled the carts of stone themselves.
ref: 1974, Guy Davenport, Tatlin!:
synonyms: word: hick
word: hob
word: bogger
word: bogtrotter
word: boor
word: bucolic
word: bydlo
word: culchie
word: carl
word: churl
word: corncob
word: cornhusker
word: country bumpkin
word: country cousin
word: clodhopper
word: dubbo
word: joskin
word: hayseed
word: hillbilly
word: hick
word: hob
word: hobnail
word: hog-rubber
word: honyock
word: hunk
word: lob
word: promdi
word: provincial
word: redneck
word: rube
word: rustic
word: woolly back
word: yokel
glosses: A rude, rustic man; a churl.
synonyms: word: skinflint
word: tightwad
word: carl
word: cheapass
word: cheapie
word: cheapskate
word: cheapo
word: churl
word: clutchfist
word: el cheapo
word: last of the big spenders
word: magpie
word: miser
word: moneygrubber
word: muckworm
word: nickel nurser
word: nig
word: niggard
word: nigon
word: nipcheese
word: nipfarthing
word: penny-father
word: penny pincher
word: pickpenny
word: piker
word: pinch-commons
word: pinch-gut
word: pincher
word: pinchfist
word: pinchpenny
word: scrimp
word: scrooge
word: snudge
word: squirrel
word: skinflint
word: tight-arse
word: tightwad
glosses: A stingy person; a niggard.
Related terms: housecarl
wife-carl
carl
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɑːl/
ipa: /kɑɹl̩/
ipa: /kɑrəl/
rhymes: -ɑːl
rhymes: -ɑɹl̩
Forms: form: carls
form: carling
form: carled
form: carled
form: carle
Etymology: Uncertain.
Senses: examples: text: […] full of ache, sorrow, and grief, children again, dizzards, they carle many times as they sit, and talk to themselves, they are angry, waspish, displeased with everything […]
ref: , New York 2001, p.210
glosses: To snarl; to talk grumpily or gruffly.
Related terms: hot carl
carlin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɑː(ɹ)lɪn/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)lɪn
Forms: form: carlins
Senses: examples: text: The bedrid carlins, too, and orphan brats,
Come all on me, through his petitioning;
ref: 1836, Joanna Baillie, The Phantom, act 1:
synonyms: hag
crone
glosses: Alternative form of carline (“old woman”).
glosses: Alternative form of carling.
carney
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: carneys
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of carny.
carney
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: carneys
form: carneying
form: carneyed
form: carneyed
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of carny.
casbah
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkaz.bɑː/
ipa: /ˈkæz.bɑ/
Forms: form: casbahs
form: cusbah
form: kasbah
form: qasbah
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic قَصَبَة (qaṣaba).
Senses: glosses: The fortress in a city in North Africa or the Middle East.
examples: text: The king called up his jet fighters / He said, "You better earn your pay / Drop your bombs between the minarets / Down the casbah way"
ref: 1982, Joe Strummer, Rock the Casbah:
glosses: The medina, the older part of a city in North Africa or the Middle East.
examples: text: He gave me an earth-shattering kiss and whispered, “Come to my casbah and let me ply you with cupcakes.” […] We made good time getting to his apartment.
ref: 2021, Erin L. Jungdahl, Meet Cute Chihuahua:
glosses: A person's house or flat/apartment.
casein
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪ.siːn/
ipa: /ˈkeɪ.siː.ɪn/
ipa: /ˈkeɪ.sin/
ipa: /keɪˈsin/
ipa: /ˈkeɪ.si.ɪn/
rhymes: -eɪsiːn
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: caseins
form: caseine
Etymology: From French caséine, formed from Latin cāseus (“cheese”) + -ine.
Senses: examples: text: It’s the clumping nature of the caseins that makes possible most thickened milk products, from yogurt to cheese. The whey proteins play a more minor role; they influence the texture of casein curds, and stabilize the milk foams on specialty coffees.
ref: 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 1, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A protein present in both milk and in the seeds of leguminous plants
Synonyms: word: legumine
Derived terms: azocasein
casamino
casamino acid
caseinase
caseinate
caseinogen
caseinolysis
caseinolytic
caseose
noncasein
paracasein
vegetable casein
catkin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: catkins
Etymology: From Middle Dutch katteken (“catkin”, literally “little cat”). So named due to the resemblance of lengthier kinds to a kitten's tail, or, perhaps more probably, the fine fur found on some catkins (compare the pictures). Cognate with German Kätzchen, modern Dutch katje. By surface analysis, cat + -kin.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A type of inflorescence, consisting of an axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar.
Synonyms: ament
amentum
Coordinate terms: raceme
spike
Derived terms: catkinlike
cavils
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cavil
cavils
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cavil
cedes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /siːdz/
rhymes: -iːdz
homophone: seeds
homophone: sedes
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cede
ceil
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /siːl/
rhymes: -iːl
homophone: SEAL
homophone: seal
Forms: form: ceils
form: ceiling
form: ceiled
form: ceiled
form: ciel
Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps related to Latin cēlō (“to hide”).
Senses: examples: text: It is nearly always old and bare, built of rough boards, and neither plastered nor ceiled.
ref: 1903 June 1, W[illiam] E[dward] Burghardt Du Bois, “Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece”, in The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, 2nd edition, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., →OCLC, page 139:
glosses: To line or finish (a surface, such as a wall), with plaster, stucco, thin boards, or similar.
Derived terms: ceiler
ceiling
ceil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /siːl/
rhymes: -iːl
homophone: SEAL
homophone: seal
Forms: form: ceils
Etymology: Abbrevation of ceiling, influenced by French ciel
Senses: examples: text: […] The mossy sward / Beneath their feet, their carpet was, / An azure ceil, the sky above; […]
ref: 1890, Ambrose E. Pratt, Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary Celebration of Sandwich and Bourne, at Sandwich, Massachusetts, September 3, 1889, page 89:
glosses: A ceiling.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Abbreviation of ceiling.
Derived terms: ceil function
ceil
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /siːl/
rhymes: -iːl
homophone: SEAL
homophone: seal
Forms: form: ceils
form: ceiling
form: ceiled
form: ceiled
Etymology: Abbrevation of ceiling, influenced by French ciel
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: To set a higher bound.
ceils
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of ceil
cereus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cereuses
Etymology: Borrowed from translingual Cereus. Doublet of serge.
Senses: glosses: Any of the genus Cereus, either as currently or formerly defined, of plants of the cactus family, natives to the Americas, from California to Chile.
Derived terms: word: night-blooming cereus
taxonomic: Echinocereus spp.
word: hedgehog cereus
Related terms: cerein
ceroid
cerise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈɹiːz/
ipa: /səˈɹiːs/
rhymes: -iːz
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: cerises
Etymology: Borrowed from French cerise (mid 19th century), itself from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from Latin cerasium. Doublet of cherry and kirsch.
Senses: examples: text: Before us lay the autumn tinted woods glimmering in gold, purple, green, and cerise.
ref: 1927, Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Gay-Neck, the Story of a Pigeon, E.P. Dutton & Co., page 67:
text: His bold patterns in vivid colours predated the arrival in Paris of the Ballets Russes, though his later designs reflect the canary yellows, bright blues, jades, cerises […]
ref: 1980, Donald Pavey, Color, page 116:
glosses: A deep, bright red colour tinted with pink.
Derived terms: Hollywood cerise
cerise
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈɹiːz/
ipa: /səˈɹiːs/
rhymes: -iːz
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: more cerise
form: most cerise
Etymology: Borrowed from French cerise (mid 19th century), itself from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from Latin cerasium. Doublet of cherry and kirsch.
Senses: qualifier: especially silk
glosses: Cherry-colored; a light bright red.
raw_tags: of textiles
cervix
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɜː.vɪks/
ipa: /ˈsɝ.vɪks/
Forms: form: cervixes
form: cervices
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin cervīx (“neck”), see below.
Senses: examples: text: I put my hands on Madeleine's hot cheeks, making a prize cup of my hands and her cervix, and tilted her head to one side.
ref: 1979, Clive Sinclair, Hearts of Gold, Penguin, published 1983, page 10:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The neck.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The necklike portion of an organ or part of the body.
examples: text: Screening involves taking a small sample of cells from the cervix and looking for high-risk HPV that could develop into cancer if left untreated.
ref: 2023 January 23, Anna Bawden, The Guardian:
glosses: The cervix uteri, or lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.
Derived terms: cervical
cervicalgia
cervicectomy
cervicitis
cervix uteri
ectocervix
endocervix
exocervix
neocervix
paracervix
retrocervix
chard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɑːd/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑɹd/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d
Forms: form: chards
Etymology: From earlier card (remodelled after chardoon, obsolete form of cardoon), from Middle French carde, from Latin carduus (“thistle”). Doublet of cardoon.
Senses: topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: An edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla, with a slightly bitter taste.
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: Artichoke leaves and shoots, blanched to eat.
Synonyms: sense: leafy vegetable
word: mangold
sense: leafy vegetable
word: silverbeet
sense: leafy vegetable
word: Swiss chard
Derived terms: rainbow chard
Swiss chard
chaws
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of chaw
chaws
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of chaw
chert
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɜːt/
ipa: /t͡ʃɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: cherts
Etymology: Unknown.
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: Massive, usually dull-colored and opaque, quartzite, hornstone, impure chalcedony, or other flint-like mineral.
glosses: A flint-like tool made from chert.
Derived terms: chertification
chertified
chertify
cherty
metachert
Related terms: chalcedony
flint
jasper
quartzite
silicate
chevy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛvi/
rhymes: -ɛvi
Forms: form: chevies
form: chivy
form: chivey
Etymology: The noun is probably derived from the title of The Ballad of Chevy Chase, first published in The Complaynt of Scotland (1549); the ballad is about a hunt taking place on a chase (“large country estate where game may be hunted”) in the Cheviot Hills between Northumberland and the Scottish Borders, and is thought to allude to the Battle of Otterburn in 1388.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: examples: text: The sergeants-major were always on the watch to report us if we went out of bounds. […] The moment we saw the sergeant-major, off we scampered over hedge, ditch, bog, and ploughed land, leaving him to catch or identify us if he could! […] Of all the serjeants-major, Howe, of the C company, ran the swiftest. Howe enjoyed these chivies. He frequently omitted to report us if we gave him a good breathing.
ref: 1846, “Portfire” [pseudonym], “Shots from an Old Six-pounder”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XX, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 243:
glosses: A hunt or pursuit; a chase.
glosses: A cry used in hunting.
glosses: The game of prisoners' bars.
chic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: shēk
ipa: /ʃiːk/
ipa: /ʃik/
rhymes: -iːk
homophone: sheik
homophone: sheikh stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: chics
Etymology: Borrowed from Yucatec Maya chiʼik (“coati; buffoon”).
Senses: examples: text: the chics of Dzitas, Yucatán, if they caught a small boy, removed his clothes and rubbed gunpowder in his anus. In the Yucatec barrio of “Santiago,” the chics amuse crowds by lassoing men and fining them
ref: 1972, Sarah C. Blaffer, The Black-man of Zinacantan: A Central American Legend, Austin and London: University of Texas Press, page 51:
text: Along with them came a man of the village known for his humorous antics; he was called the chic. Riding atop the cut tree, the chic danced and performed for the people as the procession made its way back to the village.
ref: 2001, Victoria Schlesinger, Animals and Plants of the Ancient Maya: A Guide, 2nd paperback edition, Austin: University of Texas Press, published 2004, page 178:
glosses: A kind of ritual buffoon or clown in Yucatec Maya culture.
chinch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪnt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɪnt͡ʃ
Forms: form: chinches
Etymology: From Spanish chinche (“bedbug”) or Portuguese chinche, from Latin cimex (“bedbug”). Doublet of cimex.
Senses: glosses: The bedbug (Cimex lectularius).
chinch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪnt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɪnt͡ʃ
Forms: form: chinches
form: chinching
form: chinched
form: chinched
Etymology: Related to chink.
Senses: glosses: To fill up.
chit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -ɪt
Forms: form: chits
Etymology: From Middle English chitte (“a young animal, cub, whelp”), from Old English *ċytten, *ċietten, *ċitten, from Proto-West Germanic *kittīn, from Proto-Germanic *kittīną (“young animal, fawn, kid”).
Cognate with Scots chit (“chit”), Low German kitte (“young animal”), German Kitz (“fawn, kid”). See also kid.
Senses: examples: text: Madam was a little chit of a woman, not five feet in her highest headdress and shoes, and Mr. Washington a great tall man of six feet two.
ref: 1859, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Virginians, Chapter VI:
text: “These are returns,” I said, “quite fit
To me, who nursed you when a chit.
For shame, lay by this envious art;
Is this to act a sister's part?”
ref: 1922, Petronius Arbiter, translated by W. C. Firebaugh, Satyricon, Chapter 56:
text: […] he seemed to come forward from an era of sexual defiance and fighting alliances and to cast a dismissive eye over a little chit like Nick, who had never fought for anything.
ref: 2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 4, in The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:
glosses: A child or babe; a young, small, or insignificant person or animal.
examples: text: Hilda drove in silence for some time after this piece of unheard-of insolence from that chit Connie.
ref: 1928, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter XVII, in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, [Germany?]: Privately printed, →OCLC, page 305:
glosses: A pert or sassy young person, especially a young woman.
chit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -ɪt
Forms: form: chits
Etymology: From Middle English *chit, *chitte, from Old English ċīþ (“germ, seed, sprout, shoot”), from Proto-Germanic *kīþą (“sprout”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵī-, *ǵey(H)- (“to divide, part, split open, sprout”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch kiede (“sprout”), dialectal German Keid (“sprout”). Doublet of chive (etymology 2) and scion.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: shoot, sprout, seedling
text: the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes
text: The Barley after it has been couched four or five days in cold Weather will sweat a little, and begin to show the Chit or Sprit at the Root-end of the Corn,
ref: 1721, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry: Or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land, page 217:
glosses: The embryonic growing bud of a plant.
glosses: An excrescence on the body, as a wart or a pimple.
Related terms: english: small potato used as fodder
translation: small potato used as fodder
word: chat
english: ravine; fissure; originally
translation: ravine; fissure; originally
word: chine
english: to split; sprout; originally
translation: to split; sprout; originally
word: chine
english: sliver; stamen
translation: sliver; stamen
word: chive
word: scion
chit
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -ɪt
Forms: form: chits
form: chitting
form: chitted
form: chitted
Etymology: From Middle English *chit, *chitte, from Old English ċīþ (“germ, seed, sprout, shoot”), from Proto-Germanic *kīþą (“sprout”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵī-, *ǵey(H)- (“to divide, part, split open, sprout”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch kiede (“sprout”), dialectal German Keid (“sprout”). Doublet of chive (etymology 2) and scion.
Senses: examples: text: I have known it chit in seven hours after it had been thrown forth of the Cistern and within three days come enough; the Maltster being forced to stir it six, seven or eight times a day,
ref: 1721, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry: Or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land, page 217:
glosses: To sprout; to shoot, as a seed or plant.
glosses: To damage the outer layers of a seed such as Lupinus or Sophora to assist germination.
examples: text: Gardeners argue among themselves about how necessary chitting is, but I stick with tradition and do chit my seed potatoes.
ref: 2010, Geoff Stebbings, Growing Your Own Fruit and Veg For Dummies, page 173:
glosses: To initiate sprouting of tubers, such as potatoes, by placing them in special environment, before planting into the soil.
Derived terms: mini-chitted
chit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -ɪt
Forms: form: chits
Etymology: Perhaps from specialized technical use of Etymology 2, above, “a bud; an excrescence” (Hunter 1882).
Senses: examples: text: Then lastly (with their Chit) they cleave their Laths into their thicknesses, by the Quarter Grain, which is that Grain which is seen to run in strait Lines towards the Pith.
ref: 1734, The Builder’s Dictionary: Or, Architect’s Companion, volume II:
text: This should be specially selected, cut into lengths, and split by wedges into bolts, with a dowel axe into fittings, and with a chit split into laths.
ref: 1905, William Millar, Plastering, Plain and Decorative, page 90:
glosses: A small tool used in cleaving laths. Compare: froe.
chit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -ɪt
Etymology: Euphemistic variation of shit.
Senses: glosses: Shit.
chit
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -ɪt
Etymology: Euphemistic variation of shit.
Senses: glosses: Shit.
Related terms: chit-chat
chive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃaɪv/
rhymes: -aɪv
Forms: form: chives
form: cive
form: chithe
Etymology: From Middle English chive~cyve, from Old French chive~cive, from Latin cēpa (“onion”).
Senses: glosses: A perennial plant, Allium schoenoprasum, related to the onion.
examples: text: Chive herb. (attributive use)
text: What a splendid pie, pizza-pizza pie / Every minute, every second, buy, buy, buy, buy, buy / Pepperoni and green peppers, mushrooms, olive, chives
ref: 2002, “Chic 'n' Stu”, in Daron Malakian, Serj Tankian (lyrics), Daron Malakian (music), Steal This Album!, performed by System of a Down, Track 1:
glosses: The leaves of this plant used as a herb.
glosses: The spring onion; the green onion; the scallion.
Derived terms: Chinese chive
civey
garlic chive
Related terms: scallion
shallot
spring onion
chive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃaɪv/
rhymes: -aɪv
Forms: form: chives
form: chithe
form: chire
Etymology: From Middle English chive, chyve, variant of chith, chyth, from Old English ċīþ (“shoot, scion, sprout”). Doublet of chit and scion.
Senses: glosses: A piece cut off; sliver.
examples: text: 1577, Raphael Holinshed et al., The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Ireland, London: John Hunne, Book 3, Chapter 14, “Of English Saffron,”
[…] in the place wher he bled, Saffron was after found to grow, whereupon the people séeyng the color of the chiue as it stoode, (although I doubt not but it grewe there long before) adiudged it to come to the bloude of Crocus, and therefore they gaue it his name.
text: […] to abate, and allay the fulnesse of red, we doe not see white vsed (as a colour too remote) but rather yellow, and that so farre-forth as some doe grinde a Chiue of Saffron with Vermillion, to make it the more pleasant, whereas white in like proportion mixed, would dimne, and decay it […]
ref: 1610, Edmund Bolton, chapter 28, in The Elements of Armories, London: George Eld, pages 156–157:
text: The chiues or threds in the middle of the floure are ſometimes of a reddiſh, or of a blackiſh colour.
ref: 1633, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], Thomas Johnson, “Of Stitchwort”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], enlarged edition, London: […] Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers, →OCLC, book I, page 46:
text: The Saint, to which the most he prayes
And offers Incense Nights and dayes,
The Lady of the Lobster is,
Whose foot-pace he doth stroak & kisse;
And, humbly, chives of Saffron brings,
For his most cheerfull offerings.
ref: 1648, Robert Herrick, “The Temple”, in Hesperides, London: John Williams and Francis Eglesfield, pages 104–105:
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: The filament which supports the anther of a flower; stamen, especially of saffron.
Related terms: chism
chit
chive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃaɪv/
rhymes: -aɪv
Forms: form: chives
form: chieve
form: chife
form: chiv
Etymology: From Romani chive, chiv, chivvomengro (“knife, dagger, blade”).
Senses: examples: text: For when that he hath nubbed as, / And our friends tip him no cole, / He takes his chive and cuts us down, / And tips us into a hole.
ref: 1712, “A Budg and Snudg Song”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris, published 1896, page 32:
text: None of us know'd then—though the grabbing at Nan Turner's came off that very night—as Polly was the cause o' that 'ere, till it vos blown here at the Gate by some of the coves. Vell, she nammused, as you may guess, but fust poor old Madge Rhodes got a chive in her breather from Black Gil.
ref: 1841, Henry Downes Miles, chapter XXXIX, in Dick Turpin, 4th edition, London: William Mark Clark, published 1845, page 267:
text: On the Boxing Day after I came out I got stabbed in the chest by a pal of mine who had done a schooling. We was out with one another all the day getting drunk, so he took a liberty with me, and I landed him one on the conk (nose), so we had a fight, and he put the chive (knife) into me.
ref: 1879 October, J[ohn] W[illiam] Horsley, “Autobiography of a Thief in Thieves’ Language”, in Macmillan’s Magazine, volume XL, number 240, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, page 503, column 2:
text: I guyed, but the reeler he gave me hot beef, / And a scuff came about me and hollered; / I pulled out a chive but I soon same to grief, / And with screws and a james I was collared.
ref: 1888 February 12, “A Plank-Bed Ballad”, in The Referee, reprinted in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris, published 1896, page 185:
qualifier: thieves' cant
glosses: A knife.
qualifier: thieves' cant
glosses: A file.
qualifier: thieves' cant
glosses: A saw.
Derived terms: english: street seller of cutlery
translation: street seller of cutlery
word: chive fencer
english: makeshift knife
translation: makeshift knife
word: shiv
chive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃaɪv/
rhymes: -aɪv
Forms: form: chives
form: chiving
form: chived
form: chived
form: chieve
form: chife
form: chiv
Etymology: From Romani chive, chiv, chivvomengro (“knife, dagger, blade”).
Senses: examples: text: Adieu to Haul-Cly, adieu to stopping Coaches, and adieu to all the hurry-scurry of Foot-Scampering, filing, chiving, milling, and sneaking[…]
ref: 1728, James Dalton, A Genuine Narrative of all the Street Robberies committed since October last, by James Dalton and his Accomplices, page 59:
text: He was as good a man as Jacky at any weapon that could be named, and if Jacky were game for a chiving (stabbing) match, he (Kavanagh) was ready for him.
ref: 1868 May 24, Cassell's Magazine, page 80:
text: After the place got well where I was chived, me and another screwed a place at Stoke Newington
ref: 1879 October 24, Rev. John William Horsley, “Autobiography of a Thief”, in Macmillan's Magazine, volume 40, page 503:
synonyms: word: jab
word: shiv
word: chef
word: chib
word: ching
word: chive
word: enthrill
word: foin
word: gore
word: gride
word: jab
word: job
word: juke
word: kebab
word: knifecrime
word: lancinate
word: pigstick
word: pink
word: poach
word: run through
word: shank
word: shiv
word: spear
word: speet
word: splash
word: stab
word: stick
word: stob
word: stog
word: thrust
word: yerk
qualifier: thieves' cant
glosses: To stab.
synonyms: word: incise
word: snithe
word: carve
word: chive
word: cut
word: incide
word: incise
word: lacerate
word: race
word: share
word: snead
word: snick
word: slash
word: slive
word: snithe
qualifier: thieves' cant
glosses: To cut.
Derived terms: english: to cut off fetters
translation: to cut off fetters
word: chive the darbies
english: theft by cutting coach components
translation: theft by cutting coach components
word: chiving lay
english: theft by cutting women's pockets
translation: theft by cutting women's pockets
word: chiving the froe
english: to stab
translation: to stab
word: shiv
chock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃɒk/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑk/
homophone: chalk (cot–caught merger)
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: chocks
Etymology: From Middle English *chokke (possibly attested in Middle English chokkefull), from Anglo-Norman choque (compare modern Norman chouque), from an Old Northern French variant of Old French çouche, çouche (“block, log”), of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *tsukka (compare Breton soc’h (“thick”), Old Irish tócht (“part, piece”), itself borrowed from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz. Doublet of stock.
Senses: examples: text: On April 28, 1927, on Dutch Flats, below San Diego, Charles Lindbergh signaled chocks-away to those on the ground below him. A young mechanic named Douglas Corrigan nipped under the wing and pulled them away. Lindbergh gunned the plane and rolled it over the baked clay surface of the field, then gave it full throttle.
ref: 2000, Leonard Mosley, Lindbergh: A Biography, page 82:
text: Artificial anchor points are those constructed from equipment carried by the team. These are usually the chocks or pitons placed in cracks or bolts drilled in the rock.
ref: 2006, Paul Tawrell, Camping & Wilderness Survival: The Ultimate Outdoors Book:
glosses: Any object used as a wedge or filler, especially when placed behind a wheel to prevent it from rolling.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Any fitting or fixture used to restrict movement, especially movement of a line; traditionally was a fixture near a bulwark with two horns pointing towards each other, with a gap between where the line can be inserted.
Derived terms: chockablock
chockless
chocks away
chockstone
dousing-chock
chock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃɒk/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑk/
homophone: chalk (cot–caught merger)
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: chocks
form: chocking
form: chocked
form: chocked
Etymology: From Middle English *chokke (possibly attested in Middle English chokkefull), from Anglo-Norman choque (compare modern Norman chouque), from an Old Northern French variant of Old French çouche, çouche (“block, log”), of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *tsukka (compare Breton soc’h (“thick”), Old Irish tócht (“part, piece”), itself borrowed from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz. Doublet of stock.
Senses: examples: text: Gondolas with drop or hopper doors not boarded over should have lading cleated and chocked so as to prevent shifting over doors.
ref: 1915, Railway Line Clearances and Car Dimensions Including Weight Limitations of Railroads in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Cuba:
text: Alejandro jumped out and set the emergency brake (chocking the left rear wheel with a wood block he kept behind the cabina).
ref: 2010, J. C. McKenney, The Rainwoman, page 93:
glosses: To stop or fasten, as with a wedge, or block; to scotch.
examples: text: When the bells ring, the wood-work thereof shaketh and grapeth (no defect, but perfect of structure), and exactly chocketh into the joynts again; so that it may pass for the lively embleme of the sincere Christian, who, though he hath motum trepidationis, of fear and trembling, stands firmly fixt on the basis of a true faith.
ref: 1662, Thomas Fuller, Worthies of England:
glosses: To fill up, as a cavity.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To insert a line in a chock.
Derived terms: unchock
chock-a-block
chocks away
chock
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃɒk/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑk/
homophone: chalk (cot–caught merger)
rhymes: -ɒk
Etymology: From Middle English *chokke (possibly attested in Middle English chokkefull), from Anglo-Norman choque (compare modern Norman chouque), from an Old Northern French variant of Old French çouche, çouche (“block, log”), of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *tsukka (compare Breton soc’h (“thick”), Old Irish tócht (“part, piece”), itself borrowed from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz. Doublet of stock.
Senses: examples: text: Tom Hickey, our good-humored, blundering cabin-boy, decorated since poor Schubert's death with the dignities of cook, is in that little dirty cot on the starboard side; the rest are bedded in rows, Mr. Brooks and myself chock aft.
ref: 1857, Elisha Kent Kane, Arctic Explorations, page 431:
text: Merchant vessels usually hoist a little on the halyards, so as to clear the sail from the top, then belay them and get the lee sheet chock home; then haul home the weather sheet, shivering the sail by the braces to help it home, and hoist on the halyards until the leaches are well taut, taking a turn with the braces, if the wind is fresh, and slacking them as the yard goes up.
ref: 1862, Dana's Seamen's Friend: Containing a Treatise on Practical Seamanship:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Entirely; quite.
chock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃɒk/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑk/
homophone: chalk (cot–caught merger)
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: chocks
Etymology: French choquer. Compare shock (transitive verb).
Senses: glosses: An encounter.
chock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃɒk/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑk/
homophone: chalk (cot–caught merger)
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: chocks
form: chocking
form: chocked
form: chocked
Etymology: French choquer. Compare shock (transitive verb).
Senses: glosses: To encounter.
chock
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃɒk/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑk/
homophone: chalk (cot–caught merger)
rhymes: -ɒk
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: This chair, which had been purchased by a certain man as a birthday present for his wife, developed an annoying “chock, chock” noise after it had been used a few days.
ref: 1927 September 4, “Huckstering Not a Good Practice: In Neighborhood Stores It Is Calculated to Alienate Customers”, in The New York Times (section 2), volume LXXVI, number 25,425, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 09 Sep 2025, page 14, column 3:
text: With his eyes closed, Al could hear her drop the pinecone rhythmically on the tile, chock chock chock chock, the bass, her little toenails clicking a tune around it. Didn’t he deserve a really big horse?
ref: 2000 April 6, Jane Smiley, “Jack Russell”, in Horse Heaven, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 13:
text: The light is still that bright-green shining through new leaves, and from afar we hear pheasants calling: a smart chock, chock call not quite sufficiently suggestive of their epic dumbness.
ref: 2011 May 8, Emma Townshend, “Wakehurst Place: Kew's country cousin is as accessible as tricky terrains come”, in The Independent, London: Independent News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 07 Jul 2022:
glosses: Representing a dull sound.
chock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʃɒk/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑk/
homophone: chalk (cot–caught merger)
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: chocks
form: chocking
form: chocked
form: chocked
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: After some delay an apparently new chair was returned to the purchaser, and the incident seemed closed. Within forty-eight hours, however, it began to “chock” like the first chair, which it really was. The dealer had merely glued it up again and returned it.
ref: 1927 September 4, “Huckstering Not a Good Practice: In Neighborhood Stores It Is Calculated to Alienate Customers”, in The New York Times (section 2), volume LXXVI, number 25,425, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 09 Sep 2025, page 14, column 3:
text: She saw him hurry to the door, heard the bolt chock. He tried the latch.
ref: 1913, D.H. Lawrence, chapter 1, in Sons and Lovers:
glosses: To make a dull sound.
chub
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: chŭb
ipa: /t͡ʃʌb/
ipa: /t͡ʃʌb/
enpr: cho͝ob
ipa: /t͡ʃʊb/
rhymes: -ʌb
Forms: form: chubs
form: chub
Etymology: From chub (“short, thick fish species used as bait"; used metaphorically since 1558 for "lazy person”), from Middle English chubbe (“chub (the river fish)”), recorded since c.1450, probably an assibilated form of cub (“a lump, heap, mass”) and cob, from Middle English *cubbe (found only in derivative cubbel (“a block to which an animal is tethered”)), from Old Norse kubbr, kumbr (“block, stump, log”) and/or Old Norse kumben (“stumpy”), see kobbi.
Cognate with Icelandic kubbur (“block, cube”), Norwegian kubb, kubbe (“block, stump, log”), Swedish kubb (“block, log”), and perhaps to Icelandic kubba (“to hew, chop, lop”) and Russian кубышка (kubyška). More at cob, kibble.
Senses: glosses: One of various species of freshwater fish of the Cyprinidae or carp family, especially:
A European chub (Squalius cephalus, syn. Leuciscus cephalus)
glosses: One of various species of freshwater fish of the Cyprinidae or carp family, especially:
In Europe, its close relatives, notably the fallfish.
glosses: Any of various vaguely related marine or freshwater fishes.
glosses: Any of various vaguely related marine or freshwater fishes.
In North America, a black bass.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Kyphosus sectatrix
word: Bermuda chub
taxonomic: Gila elegans
word: bonytail chub
word: chub bread
word: chubby
word: chubhead
taxonomic: Scomber japonicus
word: chub mackerel
alt: Erimyzon spp.
word: chubsucker
taxonomic: Squalius cephalus
word: common chub
taxonomic: Kyphosus elegans
word: Cortez sea chub
alt: Semotilus spp.
word: creek chub
taxonomic: Squalius cephalus
word: European chub
alt: Platygobio gracilis
word: flathead chub
alt: Nocomis biguttatus
word: hornyhead chub
taxonomic: Gila cypha
word: humpback chub
alt: Couesius plumbeus
word: lake chub
taxonomic: Zacco platypus
word: pale chub
alt: Nocomis micropogon
word: river chub
taxonomic: Kyphosidae spp.
word: sea chub
taxonomic: Macrhybopsis storeriana
word: silver chub
word: Virgin chub
chub
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: chŭb
ipa: /t͡ʃʌb/
ipa: /t͡ʃʌb/
enpr: cho͝ob
ipa: /t͡ʃʊb/
rhymes: -ʌb
Forms: form: chubs
Etymology: Back-formation from chubby.
Senses: glosses: A chubby, plump, or overweight person.
examples: text: It could be any dude, as long as you really want to fuck him. It could be a... a twink, a bear, an otter, a circuit queen, a chub, a pup, a gipster, a daddy chaser, a leatherman, a ladyboy, a Donald Duck. Donald Duck's a gay guy who's been kicked out of the Navy.
ref: 2017 April 23, “Success Failure”, in Silicon Valley, season 4, episode 1, spoken by Russ Hanneman (Chris Diamantopoulos):
topics: LGBT
glosses: An overweight gay man who is part of the chubby subculture.
examples: text: I shift in my seat trying to get comfortable refusing to believe that my dick is in full chub mode right now because of the girl whose pigtails I used to pull to try to drive her crazy when she was younger.
ref: 2017, Piper Rayne, Sexy Beast:
text: The DA was a hot young woman who gave me a chub when she finally showed up in a business skirt with a slit in the side, after I had sat around waiting for her for three hours.
ref: 2018, J.R. Hamilton, Low: Charlie's Drunkalogue:
text: He briefly wondered what Carey might look like naked in his new womanly body, then realized his thoughts were in bad form, thankfully before he had a chance to get an inappropriate chub.
ref: 2019, Chad Stroup, Sexy Leper:
glosses: An erection of the penis.
examples: text: One thing that makes recovering product harder is grocery stores' and restaurants' practice of regrinding one company's lot, or "chub," of meat with those from other companies, thus making trace-back harder.
ref: 1998, Center for Public Integrity, Safety last: the politics of e. coli and other food-borne killers:
text: Chub packaging is versatile. Package sizes can range from miniature tubes up to 150-mm diameter and 1220 mm in length (6-in. diameter and 48 in. long). Virtually any pumpable paste can be filled into a chub pack
ref: 1999, Walter Soroka, Fundamentals of packaging technology:
text: A typical gelbwurst chub is 24 inches long and about 2V2 inches thick.
ref: 2001, John R. Romans, The meat we eat:
text: Once opened, use or freeze the meat within one day. Tube or chub packaging is used for fresh or frozen ground beef. Use or freeze fresh meat chubs within a day
ref: 2004, Alberta Beef Producers, I Love Alberta Beef, page 15:
text: A time/temperature history for either the product (4.5 kg chubs of coarse-ground beef) or the storage environment ... After inoculation, the surface of each 4.5-kg coarse-ground beef chub contained six samples inoculated with E. coli
ref: 2007, Greg M. Burnham, Predicting pathogen growth and death in raw meat and poultry, page 86:
glosses: A plastic or other flexible package of meat, usually ground meat or luncheon meat.
examples: text: so all this chub and lack of fitness will be something I embrace in two days when I quit my new diet and exercise plan.
ref: 2014, David Tieck, Ok, Intriguing, page 149:
glosses: Excess body fat.
Derived terms: chub rub
chubster
chub up
megachub
semi-chub
superchub
chub
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: chŭb
ipa: /t͡ʃʌb/
ipa: /t͡ʃʌb/
enpr: cho͝ob
ipa: /t͡ʃʊb/
rhymes: -ʌb
Forms: form: chubs
form: chubbing
form: chubbed
form: chubbed
Senses: examples: text: The Texas House, where, with the 140-day legislative session nearing an end, the Democratic minority "chubbed" a voter ID bill, and coincidentally more, to death.
ref: 2009 May 30, James C[ourtright] McKinley Jr., “The Talk, and the Talk, and the Talk, of Austin”, in The New York Times (Image caption section), New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 Nov 2022:
text: Did You Know? in 2009, House Democrats chubbed to death a bill to require voters to present valid ID at the polls because they feared that it would keep low-income and elderly citizens from voting.
ref: 2014, William Earl Maxwell, Texas Politics Today, Boston, M.A.: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, published 2013–2014, →ISBN, page 207:
text: In the House, as the session approached its end, Democrats "chubbed" the bill to death (a tactic similar to filibustering) – and, in the process, killed many other bills that were waiting in line behind it.
ref: 2011 January 14, Richard Whittaker, Wells Dunbar, Lee Nichols, Jordan Smith, “This Way to the Big Top!”, in The Austin Chronicle, Austin, T.X.: Austin Chronicle Corp., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 May 2022:
topics: government
politics
glosses: To stop a bill from being passed using procedural delays.
Related terms: chubbing
chuff
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃʌf/
ipa: /t͡ʃɐf/
ipa: /t͡ʃʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: chough
Forms: form: more chuff
form: most chuff
Etymology: 15th century, dialectal, from Middle English chuffe (“a rustic, boor”), in noun sense “stupid fellow”. Adjective sense “surly, displeased” from 1832.
Senses: examples: text: He refused to subscribe, he who had always given so largely to the cause; he was chuff, haughty, overbearing, and seemed bent upon antagonising every prominent suggestion that was made.
ref: 1872, Edward Spencer, “A Slight Toothache”, in The Southern Magazine, volume 11, page 86:
text: So I set out in the clear cold night, and began to think that great lords and ladies are not at all as well off as poor people thinks, with so much fine meat and drink wasted about them, and they having no wish for them; for I felt very chuff and uncomfortable, and was glad that I could not be in the same way again for six weeks and more to come.
ref: 1875, Patrick Kennedy ·, The Banks of the Boro: A Chronicle of the County of Wexford, page 106:
text: "I am afraid of Lady Frances. And Miss Audrey can be very rude. She was very chuff with me on New Year's Day.” “She won't be chuff with you in my presence,” said Evelyn.
ref: 2020, L.T Meade, A Very Naughty Girl, page 39:
text: Well, I didn't mean with my eyes, Neb; so don't be so chuff on a fellow.
ref: 2020, George Manville Fenn, Sail Ho!, page 242:
glosses: Surly; annoyed; displeased; disgruntled.
examples: text: such chuff Fellows , who would not willingly allow their Children any Pleasures
ref: 1728, Francis Gentleman, A Trip to the Moon, page 196:
text: Says Paddy , “the old one, faith, looks very chuff, though, But loves that big blackguard, I mean Lundy snuff, though;
ref: 1831, The Spouter's Album:
text: The chuff old Joe to vex has come, The Doctor—who but he?—Parnell, and all the Irish scum, Have noisy vowed to be.
ref: 1878 January 24, “The Song of Big Ben”, in Truth, volume 3, page 114:
text: Neville Custance is a very chuff Boy indeed as I ever saw, seem displeased & cross with every thing - would not eat a bit of Cake when brought to him.
ref: 1978, James Woodforde, edited by John Beresford, The Diary of a Country Parson, 1758-1802, page 387:
glosses: stupid; churlish; loutish.
Synonyms: sense: surly
word: chuffy
chuff
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃʌf/
ipa: /t͡ʃɐf/
ipa: /t͡ʃʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: chough
Forms: form: more chuff
form: most chuff
Etymology: 15th century, dialectal, from Middle English chuffe (“a rustic, boor”), in noun sense “stupid fellow”. Adjective sense “surly, displeased” from 1832.
Senses: examples: text: Macbeth when he talk'd very chuff About fighting -- how soon he got floor'd With a yard of cold steel by Macduff, And mine was that Wonderful Sword.
ref: 1842, John Labern, J. Labern's Original Comic Songs, (for 1842,), page 18:
text: I was therefore obliged, sore against my will, to apply again to Carnot, who spoke very chuff about the trouble I gave him to write a second memorandum.
ref: 1893, Theobald Wolfe Tone, Richard Barry O'Brien, The Autobiography of Theobald Wolfe Tone. 1763-1798;, page 30:
text: 'I know I spoke chuff, aye, but – she wouldn't listen. She'll never agree ...'
ref: 2016, Andrew Prentice, Jonathan Weil, Devil's Blood:
glosses: In a chuff manner.
chuff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃʌf/
ipa: /t͡ʃɐf/
ipa: /t͡ʃʊf/
rhymes: -ʌf
homophone: chough
Forms: form: chuffs
Etymology: 15th century, dialectal, from Middle English chuffe (“a rustic, boor”), in noun sense “stupid fellow”. Adjective sense “surly, displeased” from 1832.
Senses: examples: text: Hang ye, gorbellied knaves, are ye undone? / No, ye fat chuffs, I would your store were here!
ref: a. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 1, act 2, scene 2:
glosses: A coarse or stupid fellow.