cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
succumb
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈkʌm/
rhymes: -ʌm
Forms: form: succumbs
form: succumbing
form: succumbed
form: succumbed
form: succame
form: succame
Etymology: From Old French succomber, from Latin succumbō.
Senses: examples: text: succumb to temptation
text: succumb under misfortunes
text: Thai culture as in many other Asian cultures, is succumbing to the influence of westernization.
text: Jones was called into action to deny Ruiz with a fine tackle before succumbing to his injury.
ref: 2011 December 21, Tom Rostance, “Fulham 0 - 5 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:
text: Sadly, the independent bookshop that occupied a room in the southern station building has succumbed to closure, due to the pandemic.
ref: 2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Grange-over-Sands”, in RAIL, number 948, page 28:
glosses: To yield to an overpowering force or overwhelming desire.
glosses: To give up, or give in.
examples: text: succumb to pneumonia
text: Upon returning to his flat, he discovered much to his dismay, that his ficus benjamina had succumbed.
ref: 1976 December 25, “Untitled cartoon”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 26, page 5:
glosses: To die.
examples: text: He has not allowed the burn and his subsequent injury to succumb him, but to make him forever different but also, I think, forever better.
ref: 2012, Scott M. Garrett, Forever Different, →ISBN:
text: She had run away with Chiwi to San Jose when he was a year and half old; only to succumb him to the abuse of his aunt.
ref: 2014, Gideon C Mekwunye, Tear Drops - Part 2, →ISBN, page 455:
text: Known to be genuinely cheerful, every few months an unseen shadow would nevertheless succumb him, delivering a two-week melancholic stew of resentment and depression.
ref: 2015, David Marlett, Fortunate Son: A Novel of the Greatest Trial in Irish History, →ISBN:
glosses: To overwhelm or bring down.
auricularly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From auricular + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an auricular manner.
ravage
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹævɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ævɪd͡ʒ
Forms: form: ravages
form: ravaging
form: ravaged
form: ravaged
Etymology: From French ravage (“ravage, havoc, spoil”), from ravir (“to bear away suddenly”), from Latin rapere (“to snatch, seize”), akin to Ancient Greek ἁρπάζω (harpázō, “to seize”).
Senses: examples: text: Already Cæſar
Has ravaged more than half the Globe, and ſees
Mankind grown thin by his deſtructive Sword:
Should he go further, Numbers would be wanting
To form new Battels, and ſupport his Crimes.
ref: 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 1:
text: But the most important service which Probus rendered to the republic was the deliverance of Gaul, and the recovery of seventy flourishing cities oppressed by the barbarians of Germany, who, since the death of Aurelian, had ravaged that great province with impunity.
ref: 1776, Edward Gibbon, chapter XII, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, pages 334–335:
text: Now Azaēlos, the king of Syria, made war on the Israelites and their king Jehu, and ravaged the eastern parts of the country across the Jordan […] spreading fire everywhere and plundering everything and inflicting violence on all who fell into his hands.
ref: 1937, Josephus, Ralph Marcus, transl., chapter VIII, in Josephus: With an English Translation (Loeb Classical Library), volume VI (Jewish Antiquities), London: William Heinemann Ltd.; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, published 1958, →OCLC, book IX, paragraph 1, page 87:
glosses: To devastate, destroy or lay waste to something.
glosses: To pillage or plunder destructively; to sack.
glosses: To wreak destruction.
glosses: To have vigorous sexual intercourse with.
glosses: To rape.
Related terms: rapid
ravage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹævɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ævɪd͡ʒ
Forms: form: ravages
Etymology: From French ravage (“ravage, havoc, spoil”), from ravir (“to bear away suddenly”), from Latin rapere (“to snatch, seize”), akin to Ancient Greek ἁρπάζω (harpázō, “to seize”).
Senses: examples: text: Would one think 'twere possible for love / To make such ravage in a noble soul!
ref: 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, page 2:
glosses: Grievous damage or havoc.
examples: text: the ravages of fire or tempest
text: the ravages of an army
text: the ravages of time
text: the ravage of a lion
text: The villages on either side of the Meyn, which were plentifully stored with corn and cattle, felt the ravages of an invading army.
ref: 1781, Edward Gibbon, chapter XIX, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 172:
text: […]and another Swedish naturalist remarks, that so great are the powers of propagation of a single species, even of the smallest insects, that each can commit, when required, more ravages than the elephant.
ref: 1835, Charles Lyell, chapter VIII, in Principles of Geology […] , 4th edition, volume III, London: John Murray, Book III, page 114:
glosses: Depredation or devastation.
vigour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪɡə/
ipa: /ˈvɪɡɚ/
rhymes: -ɪɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: vigours
form: vigor
form: vygour
Etymology: From Middle English vigour, from Old French vigour, from vigor, from Latin vigor, from vigeō (“thrive, flourish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be lively”).
Related to vigil, vegetable, vajra, and waker.
Senses: examples: text: The vigour of this arm was never vain
ref: 1717, John Dryden (tr.), Metamorphoses By Ovid, Book the Twelfth:
text: A compound of eggs boiled with myrrh, pepper, and cinnamon, taken on several successive days, is recommended by Arabs for strengthening amorous vigor.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 162:
text: Mr. Elliot's frank statement that "sloth and untidiness are indefensible" is a sign that the task will be tackled with vigour.
ref: 1953 April, “Arrears of Station Maintenance”, in Railway Magazine, page 217:
synonyms: vim
glosses: Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; energy.
examples: A plant grows with vigour.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Strength or force in animal or vegetable nature or action.
examples: text: But in the fruithful earth: there first receiv'd / His beams, unactive else, their vigour find.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: Strength; efficacy; potency.
Derived terms: envigorate
hybrid vigor
hybrid vigour
vigorous
vim and vigour
Related terms: vegetable
vigil
beneath
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈniːθ/
rhymes: -iːθ
Forms: form: beneathe
form: neath
Etymology: From Middle English benethe, from Old English bineoþan (“beneath, under, below”), equivalent to be- + neath. Cognate with Low German benedden (“beneath”), Dutch beneden (“beneath, under, down”), obsolete German benieden (“below”).
Senses: examples: text: Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.
ref: 2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 80:
glosses: Below or underneath.
beneath
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈniːθ/
rhymes: -iːθ
Forms: form: beneathe
form: neath
Etymology: From Middle English benethe, from Old English bineoþan (“beneath, under, below”), equivalent to be- + neath. Cognate with Low German benedden (“beneath”), Dutch beneden (“beneath, under, down”), obsolete German benieden (“below”).
Senses: examples: text: Our country sinks beneath the yoke.
ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
text: 1718, Alexander Pope, epitaph to Nicholas Rowe
Beneath a rude and nameless stone he lies.
text: Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: Below.
examples: text: Their despicable behaviour is beneath contempt.
text: He will do nothing that is beneath his high station.
ref: a.''' 1730, Francis Atterbury, in The Grub-Street Journal, Volume 1
glosses: In a position that is lower in rank, dignity, etc.
glosses: Covered up or concealed by something.
Derived terms: bag beneath one's eye
bag beneath the eye
beneath contempt
beneathness
beneath the surface
silent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪlənt/
rhymes: -aɪlənt
Forms: form: silents
form: scilent
Etymology: From Latin silēns (“silent”), present participle of sileō (“be silent”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyl- (“still, windless, quiet, slow”). Related to Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (anasilan, “to cease, grow still, be silent”), Old English sālnes (“silence”).
Senses: examples: text: Deep night, dark night, the silent of the night.
ref: 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:
glosses: That which is silent; a time of silence.
examples: text: More than 40 films will be shown spanning the past seventy-five years, including early silents and talkies, contemporary productions, foreign and American films, documentaries, underground works and television shows.
ref: 1978 April 22, “The Celluloid Closet”, in Gay Community News, page 2:
glosses: A silent movie
equipment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/
Forms: form: equipments
Etymology: From equip + -ment, or from French équipement.
Senses: examples: text: The equipment of the fleet was therefore hastened by de Witt ; in hopes that , by striking at first a successful blow , he might inspire courage into the dismayed States
ref: 1756-1761, David Hume, The History of England:
glosses: The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition.
examples: text: We need more gardening equipment if we want to properly landscape our yard, not just a rake and some gloves.
text: The sports shop sells different kits of famous clubs, and equipment from all kind of sports.
text: Tompkins is considered a hero in the deep ecology movement and works hand in hand with his wife Kris, the former CEO of the outdoor clothing and equipment company Patagonia.
ref: 2013 July 11, Jo Confino, “How technology has stopped evolution and is destroying the world”, in The Guardian:
text: Armed and dight, In the equipments of a knight.
ref: 1851, Henry Longfellow, The Golden Legend:
glosses: Any items used in equipping something or someone, for example things needed for an expedition or voyage.
examples: text: The segment advises the reader matter-of-factly that “the penis [of a whale] should be tucked inside the body and when needed enlarged into an erection”. At the very least, the statement sounds odd. At most, it could make human penis owners consider that their equipment might not represent the highest evolutionary ideal.
ref: 2018, Nicole Seymour, Bad Environmentalism, page 93:
glosses: The male genitalia.
Synonyms: gear
kit
rigging
tackle
appurtenances
Derived terms: accessory equipment
capital equipment
data terminal equipment
durable medical equipment
equipmentman
heavy equipment
personal protective equipment
play equipment
reequipment
squipper
Related terms: equip
tinkle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪŋkəl/
rhymes: -ɪŋkəl
Forms: form: tinkles
form: tinkling
form: tinkled
form: tinkled
Etymology: From Middle English tinclen, equivalent to tink + -le (frequentative suffix).
Senses: examples: text: The glasses tinkled together as they were placed on the table.
text: The sprightly horse / Moves to the music of his tinkling bells.
ref: 1753, Robert Dodsley, Agriculture:
text: With a sound like tinkling bells, far off in a land of shepherds hidden by some hill, the waters of many fountains turned again home.
ref: 1906, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], Time and the Gods, London: William Heineman, →OCLC, page 1:
glosses: To make light metallic sounds, rather like a very small bell.
glosses: To cause to tinkle.
examples: text: The butler tinkled dinner.
glosses: To indicate, signal, etc. by tinkling.
examples: text: And his ears tinkled, and the colour fled.
ref: 1700, [John] Dryden, “Theodore and Honoria, from Boccace”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To hear, or resound with, a small, sharp sound.
glosses: To urinate.
Synonyms: sense: urinate
word: urinate
Derived terms: atinkle
tinkle-down
tinkle the ivories
Related terms: ting
tingle
tink
tinkle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪŋkəl/
rhymes: -ɪŋkəl
Forms: form: tinkles
Etymology: From Middle English tinclen, equivalent to tink + -le (frequentative suffix).
Senses: examples: text: The Man's Wife heard the tinkle-tinkle of little stones and loose earth falling off the roadway, and the sliding roar of the man and horse going down.
ref: 1889, Rudyard Kipling, “At the Pit's Mouth”, in Under the Deodars, Boston: The Greenock Press, published 1899, page 56:
text: She laughed, her voice a tinkle in the silence of the circular chamber.
ref: 1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 97:
text: At the very moment he cried out, David realised that what he had run into was only the Christmas tree. . . . There were no sounds of any movement upstairs: no shouts, no sleepy grumbles, only a gentle tinkle from the decorations as the tree had recovered from the collision.
ref: 1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus:
glosses: A light metallic sound, resembling the tinkling of bells or wind chimes.
examples: text: Give me a tinkle when you arrive.
synonyms: call
ring
glosses: A telephone call.
glosses: An act of urination.
glosses: Urine.
Derived terms: take a tinkle
wind chimes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɪnd.t͡ʃaɪms/
Forms: form: windchime
form: wind chime
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
synonyms: wind bell
mul:🎐
glosses: A chime constructed from tubes, rods, bells, etc. made of wood, glass, metal or ceramic, suspended outside a building in such a way that they tinkle pleasantly when moved by the wind.
custom
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌstəm/
Etymology: PIE word
 *ḱóm
 PIE word
 *swé
From Middle English custume, borrowed from Anglo-Norman custume, inherited from Latin consuētūdinem, a noun derived from cōnsuēscō, from con- (“with”) + suēscō (“become used or accustomed to”). Doublet of costume and consuetude.
The adjectival form first appears c. 1830.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: custom-made, tailored, tailor-made, custom-built, purpose-built; see also Thesaurus:custom-made
text: My feet are very large, so I need custom shoes, specially made by a custom tailor.
synonyms: bespoke#Adjective
glosses: Made or done in a way adjusted to fit the needs of a particular person or group (e.g., customer, health care patient, do-it-yourselfer), and thus specialized and, in some cases, unique.
examples: text: We can embroider a wide range of ready designs or a custom logo.
glosses: Own, personal, not standard or premade.
examples: text: custom threshing
text: custom baling
text: The amount of high-end equipment that he maintains is justified by the fact that he does a lot of custom tillage and combining.
text: My grandfather did his own threshing, plus a bunch of custom threshing on the side.
topics: agriculture
business
lifestyle
glosses: Done on a for-hire basis, as contrasted with being done only for oneself.
glosses: Accustomed; usual.
Derived terms: customly
custom-made
custom made
noncustom
Related terms: custom-made
custom
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌstəm/
Forms: form: customs
form: customing
form: customed
form: customed
Etymology: PIE word
 *ḱóm
 PIE word
 *swé
From Middle English custume, borrowed from Anglo-Norman custume, inherited from Latin consuētūdinem, a noun derived from cōnsuēscō, from con- (“with”) + suēscō (“become used or accustomed to”). Doublet of costume and consuetude.
The adjectival form first appears c. 1830.
Senses: examples: a. 1771 (written, published posthumously) Thomas Gray, Agrippina
Have not forgot your sire; the eye of Rome
And the Prætorian camp have long revered,
With customed awe the daughter, sister, wife,
And mother of their Cæsars
glosses: To make familiar; to accustom.
examples: text: But yet a man might reply, that if a Shooemaker ſhould haue no Shooes in his Shoppe, but onely worke, as hee is beſpoken, hee ſhould bee weakley cuſtomed.
ref: 1605, Francis Bacon, “The Second Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 52, recto:
glosses: To supply with customers.
examples: text: Barabas, thy ships are safe,
Riding in Malta Rhode; and all the merchants
With other merchandize are safe arriv'd,
And have sent me to know whether yourself
Will come and custom them.
ref: c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act I:
glosses: To pay the customs of.
examples: text: For on a Bridge he cuſtometh to fight, / Which is but narrow, but exceeding long; / And in the ſame are many trap fals pight, / Through which the rider downe doth fall through ouerſight.
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 7, page 198:
glosses: To have a custom.
Derived terms: customable
uncustomed
Related terms: consuetude
costumal
costume
customary
customer
customization
customize
commit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈmɪt/
rhymes: -ɪt
Forms: form: commits
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English committen, itself borrowed from Latin committō (“to bring together, join, compare, commit (a wrong), incur, give in charge, etc.”), from com- (“together”) + mittō (“to send”). See mission.
Senses: examples: text: To support locking and process synchronization independently of transaction commits, the server provides semaphore objects[…]
ref: 1988, Klaus R Dittrich, Advances in Object-Oriented Database Systems: 2nd International Workshop:
text: Every Git commit represents a single, atomic changeset with respect to the previous state.
ref: 2009, Jon Loeliger, Version Control with Git:
topics: computing
databases
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The act of committing (e.g. a database transaction), making it a permanent change; such a change.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: The submission of source code or other material to a source control repository.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A person, especially a high school athlete, who agrees verbally or signs a letter committing to attend a college or university.
Synonyms: sense: submission of source code
word: check-in
Derived terms: commit point
hypocrite commit
two-phase commit
Related terms: push
stage
inland
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnlənd/
ipa: /-lænd/
ipa: /ˈɪnˌland/
rhymes: -ɪnlənd
rhymes: -ɪnlænd
Forms: form: inlands
Etymology: From Middle English inland, inlond, from Old English inland, equivalent to in- + land. Compare West Frisian ynlân (“inland”), German Inland (“inland”), Danish indland (“inland”), Swedish inland (“inland”), Norwegian innland (“inland”). Compare also Dutch binnenland.
Senses: examples: text: a wall sufficient to defend
Our inland from the pilfering borderers.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
glosses: The interior part of a country.
Derived terms: inlander
inlandish
inland
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnlənd/
ipa: /-lænd/
ipa: /ˈɪnˌland/
rhymes: -ɪnlənd
rhymes: -ɪnlænd
Forms: form: more inland
form: most inland
Etymology: From Middle English inland, inlond, from Old English inland, equivalent to in- + land. Compare West Frisian ynlân (“inland”), German Inland (“inland”), Danish indland (“inland”), Swedish inland (“inland”), Norwegian innland (“inland”). Compare also Dutch binnenland.
Senses: examples: text: The greatest waves of population have rolled inland from the east.
ref: 1836, Sharon Turner, The History of England […] :
glosses: Into, or towards, the interior of the land, away from the coast.
years
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /jɪəz/
note: Wales, General South African, other regions
ipa: /jɜːz/
enpr: yîrz
ipa: /jɪɹz/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)z
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)z
Senses: examples: text: 1981, May 5 1718-PDT, Jim McGrath, Earliest Usenet use via Google Groups: fa.sf-lovers, said with a smile at an awards ceremony in the Pennsylvania state Capitol
It will be a shorter book and it will not start four million years ago.
text: Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.
ref: 2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist:
glosses: plural of year.
years
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /jɪəz/
note: Wales, General South African, other regions
ipa: /jɜːz/
enpr: yîrz
ipa: /jɪɹz/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)z
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)z
Senses: examples: text: It took years for the bus to come.
glosses: A very long time.
Synonyms: sense: unusually long time
word: ages
sense: unusually long time
word: yonks
sense: unusually long time
word: for ever
sense: unusually long time
word: donkey's years
sense: unusually long time
word: donkey's
twee pop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: This belatedness is reflected in Kaya Oakes's suggestion that twee pop begins in the early 1990s, post-Nirvana[…]
ref: 2016, Pete Dale, Anyone Can Do It: Empowerment, Tradition and the Punk Underground, Routledge, →ISBN:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
synonyms: twee
glosses: A subgenre of indie pop music with simple melodies and lyrics, usually about love.
Spenser
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspɛnsɚ/
rhymes: -ɛnsə(ɹ)
Forms: form: Spensers
form: Spencer
Etymology: From Middle English Spenser, from Middle English spenser (“spencer”), from spense (“spence”).
Senses: synonyms: Spencer
glosses: A surname originating as an occupation, variant of Spencer, a rare spelling variant of Spencer.
Derived terms: Spenserian
Spenser Mountains
Related terms: Edmund Spenser
English poet
sacred
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈseɪkɹɪd/
ipa: /ˈseɪkəd/
rhymes: -eɪkəd
ipa: /ˈseɪkɹɪd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of sacre
excess
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛksɛs/
ipa: /ɪkˈsɛs/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɛs/
ipa: /əkˈsɛs/
rhymes: -ɛs
Etymology: From Middle English exces (“excess, ecstasy”), from Old French exces, from Latin excessus (“a going out, loss of self-possession”), from excedere, excessum (“to go out, go beyond”). See exceed.
Senses: synonyms: offcut
surplus
glosses: More than is normal, necessary or specified.
Derived terms: excess baggage
excess kurtosis
excess return
nonexcess
refractory anaemia with excess blasts
excess
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛksɛs/
ipa: /ɪkˈsɛs/
ipa: /ɛkˈsɛs/
ipa: /əkˈsɛs/
rhymes: -ɛs
Forms: form: excesses
form: excessing
form: excessed
form: excessed
Etymology: From Middle English exces (“excess, ecstasy”), from Old French exces, from Latin excessus (“a going out, loss of self-possession”), from excedere, excessum (“to go out, go beyond”). See exceed.
Senses: examples: text: In 2006, I was excessed because my program had to make a few cuts and a new, inexperienced supervisor decided that he couldn’t handle a knowledgeable older teacher so he removed me.
ref: 2008 May 3, “When New York Teachers Don’t Teach”, in New York Times:
glosses: To declare (an employee) surplus to requirements, such that he or she might not be given work.
Related terms: usury
catoptrophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek κάτοπτρον (kátoptron, “mirror”) + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: I wondered what was at the root of Shingo's catoptrophobia - his irrational dread of mirrors.
ref: 1999 June 28, Vctr113062 [username], “[TK3 fanfic] "Phoenix" Ch. 17, 2/3”, in rec.games.video.sony (Usenet):
text: Pundit Bill O'Reilly grapples with "panophobia" (the fear of everything) while, strangely, Rush Limbaugh battles both "catoptrophobia," the fear of mirrors and "Walloonphobia," the fear of the Walloons.
ref: 2008 February 6, Gordon (quoting Ed Naha), “We have nothing to fear...but these bozos”, in misc.news.internet.discuss (Usenet):
text: If someone suffers from catoptrophobia (fear of mirrors), he sees mirrors, and their reflections, as dangerous.
ref: 2013, Macalester Bell, Hard Feelings: The Moral Psychology of Contempt, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 72:
glosses: The fear of mirrors.
Synonyms: eisoptrophobia
spectrophobia
temperate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɛmpəɹət/
Forms: form: temperates
form: temperating
form: temperated
form: temperated
Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1380, in Middle English, the verb in 1540; borrowed from Latin temperātus, perfect passive participle of temperō (“to moderate, forbear, combine properly”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix). See temper. Displaced native Old English ġemetegod.
Senses: examples: text: It inflames temperance, and temp'rates wrath.
ref: 1613, John Marston, The Insatiate Countess:
synonyms: soften
temper
glosses: To render temperate; to moderate
profound
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: prə-found′
ipa: /pɹəˈfaʊnd/
rhymes: -aʊnd
Forms: form: more profound
form: most profound
Etymology: From Middle English profound, profounde, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, profonde, from Latin profundus (“deep, profound”), from prō + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).
Senses: examples: text: A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog
ref: 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to great depth; deep.
glosses: Very deep; very serious.
examples: text: a profound investigation
text: a profound scholar
text: profound wisdom
text: Where no motives of interest or pride intervene, none can equal them for profound and philosophical views of society, ….
ref: 1819, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, English Writers on America:
glosses: Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough.
examples: text: How now! which of your hips has the most profound sciatica?
ref: c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
text: Of the profound corruption of this class there can be no doubt.
ref: 1860, Henry Hart Milman, History of Latin Christianity : including that of the popes to the pontificate of Nicholas V.:
text: It’s probably one of the reasons the Shamima Begum case is having such a profound impact; one-dimensional stereotypes about Muslim women already run so deep.
ref: 2019, Shelina Janmohamed, “Long before Shamima Begum, Muslim women were targets”, in Guardian:
text: I visited the wreckage at Ladbroke Grove, Hatfield. Potters Bar and Heck, and the experiences had a profound effect on me - especially Ladbroke Grove.
ref: 2023 September 20, Nigel Harris, “Comment Special: And it's goodbye from me...”, in RAIL, number 992, page 3:
glosses: Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading.
examples: text: And with this, and a profound bow to his patrons, the Manager retires, and the curtain rises.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
text: What humble gestures! What profound reverence!
ref: a. 1662, Brian Duppa, Holy Rules and Helps to Devotion, published 1683:
glosses: Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly; submissive.
Synonyms: deep-grounded
Derived terms: profoundly
profoundness
profound
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: prə-found′
ipa: /pɹəˈfaʊnd/
rhymes: -aʊnd
Etymology: From Middle English profound, profounde, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, profonde, from Latin profundus (“deep, profound”), from prō + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).
Senses: examples: text: God, in the fathomlesse profound / Hath all his choice Commanders drown'd.
ref: 1638, George Sandys, A Paraphrase vpon the Divine Poems, Exodvs 15:
glosses: The deep; the sea; the ocean.
examples: text: […]if some other place, / From your dominion won, th' Ethereal King / Possesses lately, thither to arrive / travel this profound. Direct my course[…]
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 976-980:
glosses: An abyss.
profound
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: prə-found′
ipa: /pɹəˈfaʊnd/
rhymes: -aʊnd
Forms: form: profounds
form: profounding
form: profounded
form: profounded
Etymology: From Middle English profound, profounde, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, profonde, from Latin profundus (“deep, profound”), from prō + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).
Senses: glosses: To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down.
examples: text: But no man is likely to profound tbe Ocean of that Doctrine
ref: 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To dive deeply; to penetrate.
Related terms: profundicate
profundify
profundity
perfection
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɚˈfɛk.ʃən/
rhymes: -ɛkʃən
Forms: form: perfections
Etymology: From Middle English perfeccioun, from Old French perfection, from Latin perfectiō. Equivalent to perfect + -ion. Displaced native Old English fulfremednes.
Senses: examples: text: near-perfection
text: total perfection
text: aim for perfection
text: lack perfection
text: attain perfection
text: be far off perfection
text: Think, think about the way of rejection / You're not the only one reaching for perfection / Think, think about the reason you exist / I got something you might not wanna miss
ref: 1977, Ashford & Simpson, “Don't Cost You Nothing”, in Send It:
glosses: The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing substandard remains; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence.
examples: text: No tongue can her perfections tell
ref: a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:
english: The New Arcadia
translation: The New Arcadia
glosses: A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal; faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete excellence.
topics: law
glosses: The process or act of establishing official recognition for a legal claim, generally in the context of security interests.
Synonyms: faultlessness
flawlessness
impeccability
infallibility
Derived terms: counsel of perfection
imperfection
nonperfection
perfectional
perfectionate
perfectionism
perfectionist
perfection is the enemy of good
perfectionitis
perfectionize
perfectionless
perfection salad
pitch-perfection
prick of perfection
semiperfection
to perfection
unperfection
perfection
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɚˈfɛk.ʃən/
rhymes: -ɛkʃən
Forms: form: perfections
form: perfectioning
form: perfectioned
form: perfectioned
Etymology: From Middle English perfeccioun, from Old French perfection, from Latin perfectiō. Equivalent to perfect + -ion. Displaced native Old English fulfremednes.
Senses: examples: text: My plan, gentlemen, is to be conſider'd as a ſuperſtructure on that admirable foundation laid by the modern profeſſor of Engliſh, both our labours tending to the ſame general end; the perfectioning of our countrymen in a moſt eſſential article, the right uſe of their native language.
ref: 1762, [Samuel] Foote, The Orators. […], Dublin: […] Thomas Richey, […], →OCLC, Act I, page 10:
text: Sooner I'd kneel unto the modern nine / Alike perfectioned, though a virgin's name / They cannot boast[…]
ref: 1770, William Woty, Mock Invocation to Genius:
text: The most vain of the Assistants, she knows she's beautiful and let it know to the world. Acts like an ojousama and spends most of her time perfectioning her make-up.
ref: 2001 December 3, OLF, i.e. Olf Le Fol, “AHSM Storytellers, Profiles”, in alt.hentai.sailor-moon (Usenet):
glosses: To perfect.
instruction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/
rhymes: -ʌkʃən
Forms: form: instructions
Etymology: From Middle English instruccioun, from Old French instruccion, from Latin instructio; equivalent to instruct + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: Students receive instruction in the arts and sciences.
text: Instruction will be provided on how to handle difficult customers.
text: Anstruther laughed good-naturedly. “[…] I shall take out half a dozen intelligent maistries from our Press and get them to give our villagers instruction when they begin work and when they are in the fields.”
ref: 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 5, in Pulling the Strings:
glosses: The act of instructing, teaching, or providing with information or knowledge.
examples: text: If my instructions may be your guide.
ref: c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:
glosses: An instance of the information or knowledge so furnished.
examples: text: Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.
ref: 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
glosses: An order or command.
glosses: A set of directions provided by a manufacturer for the users of a product or service.
examples: text: I cannot act until I have taken instructions from my client.
topics: law
glosses: The directions given by a client to their lawyer in relation to a particular legal matter, which govern the purpose and scope of their work.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A single operation of a processor defined by an instruction set architecture.
Synonyms: word: instruction
word: advice
word: counsel
word: education
word: indoctrination
word: information
word: teaching
Derived terms: absolute instruction
instructional
instruction cycle
instructionless
instruction time
machine instruction
macroinstruction
malinstruction
medium of instruction
microinstruction
misinstruction
nanoinstruction
noninstruction
ostrich instruction
overinstruction
postinstruction
preinstruction
pseudoinstruction
reinstruction
subinstruction
teleinstruction
universal design for instruction
erinaceous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛ.ɹɪˈneɪ.ʃəs/
ipa: /ˌɛ.ɹəˈneɪ.ʃəs/
rhymes: -eɪʃəs
Forms: form: more erinaceous
form: most erinaceous
Etymology: From Latin ērināceus (“hedgehog”).
Senses: glosses: Of, pertaining to, or resembling a hedgehog.
bomber
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɒmə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈbɑmɚ/
rhymes: -ɒmə(ɹ)
Forms: form: more bomber
form: most bomber
Etymology: A shortened form of bombproof.
Senses: topics: climbing
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Completely solid and secure, usually referring to some form of protective gear.
Commonwealth of Australia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒmənˌwelθ əv ɒˈstreɪljə/
Forms: form: the Commonwealth of Australia
Senses: glosses: Official name of Australia: a country in Oceania.
ekmek
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Synonym of ekmek kadayif (“bread pudding dessert”).
synonyms: word: ekmek kadayif
extra: bread pudding dessert
beset
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈsɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: besets
form: besetting
form: beset
form: beset
Etymology: From Middle English besetten, bisetten, from Old English besettan (“to beset; set beside; set near”), from Proto-West Germanic *bisattjan, from Proto-Germanic *bisatjaną (“to set near; set around”), equivalent to be- + set.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian besätte (“to occupy”), West Frisian besette (“to occupy”), Dutch bezetten (“to sit in; occupy; fill”), German Low German besetten (“to occupy”), German besetzen (“to seize; occupy; garrison”), Danish besætte (“to occupy; obsess”), Swedish besätta (“to fill; occupy; beset”).
Senses: examples: text: Vegetatively it is the nearest to H. translucens with its oblong-lanceolate leaves, with the margins and keel beset with pellucid teeth, but it differs and is characterised by the greyish-black quadrantly positioned globose flowers; […]
ref: 1985, Charles L. Scott, The Genus Haworthia (Liliaceae): A Taxonomic Revision, page 80:
synonyms: bebay
beleaguer
besiege
encircle
environ
inbind
glosses: To surround or hem in.
examples: text: “Nay, for matter o’ that, he never doth any mischief,” said the woman; “but to be sure it is necessary he should keep some arms for his own safety; for his house hath been beset more than once; and it is not many nights ago that we thought we heard thieves about it […]
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
text: Track and platforms have been upgraded, but refurbished trains from Vivarail have been beset by software problems.
ref: 2021 July 28, Paul Clifton, “£67 million Isle of Wight line extension submitted to DfT”, in RAIL, number 936, page 21:
synonyms: word: beleaguer
word: besiege
word: environ
word: harry
word: pursue
word: badger
word: bait
word: bedevil
word: beleaguer
word: persecute
word: bug
word: beset
word: chevy
word: give someone grief
word: harass
word: harry
word: hound
word: pester
word: pick at
word: plague
word: vex
glosses: To attack or assail, especially from all sides.
synonyms: bedazzle
bejewel
bespangle
glosses: To decorate something with jewels etc.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Of a ship, to get trapped by ice.
Derived terms: besetment
besetter
besetting
umbeset
unbeset
fundraising
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfʌndˌɹeɪzɪŋ/
Forms: form: fundraisings
Etymology: From fund + raising.
Senses: glosses: The process of collecting money by requesting donations from individuals and businesses.
Derived terms: fundraising bomb
net-raising
nonfundraising
fundraising
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfʌndˌɹeɪzɪŋ/
Etymology: From fund + raising.
Senses: examples: text: LMJV staff have been supporting the hospital for years through fundraising events that have raised a total of £10,000, gaining the contractor recognition as a Charity Champion for the hospital.
ref: 2020 December 16, “Stop & Examine”, in Rail, page 70:
glosses: Relating to raising money (funds), particularly for charities.
Related terms: fundraiser
siren
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪəɹən/
ipa: /ˈsaɪɹən/
rhymes: -aɪəɹən
rhymes: -aɪɹən
Forms: form: sirens
form: sirenes
form: sirene
Etymology: From Middle English siren, from Old French sereine and Latin Sīrēn, Sīrēna, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The mammalian sense was first attested in French in Dominique Bouhours, Les entretiens d'Ariste et d'Eugène, in 1671. The aquatic salamander sense was originally introduced by Linnaeus in 1766, for a genus of his reptiles.
Senses: examples: text: Now give ear to what I'm about to say to you , and a god himself will bring it before your mind . First , you will come to the Sirens . These beings enthrall all men who arrive before them . Whoever draws near without knowledge and ...
ref: 2008 October 7, Homer, The Odyssey, North Atlantic Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 278:
topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: One of a group of nymphs who lured mariners to their death on the rocks.
glosses: One who sings sweetly and charms.
glosses: A dangerously seductive woman.
synonyms: sirenian
glosses: A member of Sirenia, an order of mammals.
glosses: A member of a genus of aquatic salamanders of the family Sirenidae, commonly used for all species in the family Sirenidae.
glosses: Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Hestina.
examples: text: My attention was diverted from this sight by a furious yelling, like that of the thing called a siren in our manufacturing towns.
ref: 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 103:
text: 1984, Steve Harris, "Aces High", Iron Maiden, Powerslave.
There goes the siren that warns of the air raid / Then comes the sound of the guns sending flak / Out for the scramble we've got to get airborne / Got to get up for the coming attack.
glosses: A device, either mechanical or electronic, that makes a piercingly loud sound as an alarm or signal, or the sound from such a device.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A musical instrument, one of the few aerophones in the percussion section of the symphony orchestra (patented as Acme Siren in 1895).
glosses: An instrument for demonstrating the laws of beats and combination tones.
examples: ref: 2017, B.P. Abbott, “A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
topics: astronomy
astrophysics
natural-sciences
glosses: An astrophysical event that can be used for calculating cosmic distances.
Synonyms: sense: one who sings sweetly and charms
word: crooner
sense: dangerously seductive woman
word: vamp
sense: device for making a sound alarm
word: klaxon
Derived terms: air raid siren
dwarf siren
greater siren
leopard siren
lesser siren
reticulated siren
Sirenaic
siren call
sirenian
sirenic
sirenical
sirenize
siren song
siren suit
standard siren
stem siren
tornado siren
siren
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪəɹən/
ipa: /ˈsaɪɹən/
rhymes: -aɪəɹən
rhymes: -aɪɹən
Forms: form: sirens
form: sirening
form: sirened
form: sirened
form: sirene
Etymology: From Middle English siren, from Old French sereine and Latin Sīrēn, Sīrēna, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The mammalian sense was first attested in French in Dominique Bouhours, Les entretiens d'Ariste et d'Eugène, in 1671. The aquatic salamander sense was originally introduced by Linnaeus in 1766, for a genus of his reptiles.
Senses: glosses: To make a noise with, or as if with, a siren.
glosses: To drive with a siren on.
siren
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪəɹən/
ipa: /ˈsaɪɹən/
rhymes: -aɪəɹən
rhymes: -aɪɹən
Forms: form: sirene
Etymology: From Middle English siren, from Old French sereine and Latin Sīrēn, Sīrēna, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The mammalian sense was first attested in French in Dominique Bouhours, Les entretiens d'Ariste et d'Eugène, in 1671. The aquatic salamander sense was originally introduced by Linnaeus in 1766, for a genus of his reptiles.
Senses: synonyms: bewitching
enchanting
enticing
sirenic
glosses: Relating to or like a siren.
Gurage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Guragē
form: Guragué
form: Gurague
form: Guragé
Senses: glosses: A group of peoples of southern Ethiopia.
Gurage
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Guragē
form: Guragué
form: Gurague
form: Guragé
Senses: glosses: Any of the Semitic languages of these people.
makes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /meɪks/
ipa: /mɛks/
ipa: /mæks/
rhymes: -eɪks
Senses: examples: text: Green traffic lights look white to me, which makes them hard to distinguish from streetlights from far away.
glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of make
makes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /meɪks/
ipa: /mɛks/
ipa: /mæks/
rhymes: -eɪks
Senses: examples: text: I would vote against a net.auto.bmw. Problems/comments regarding all makes are of interest, to me anyway.
glosses: plural of make