cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
thrall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /θɹɔːl/
ipa: /θɹɔl/
ipa: /θɹɑl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: thralls
Etymology: From Middle English thral, thralle, threl, threlle, from Old English þrǣl (“thrall, slave, servant”), from Old Norse þræll (“slave”), from Proto-Germanic *þrahilaz, *þragilaz, *þrigilaz (“runner, gofer, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *trāgʰ- (“to pull, drag, race, run”); according to ODS probably related to Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þragjan), Old English þrǣġan (“to run”).
Senses: examples: text: My father was always a thrall to alcohol.
text: My servant, which that is my thrall by right
ref: 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:
text: Hereat its Marid appeared and said to him, "Adsum! thy thrall between thy hands is come: ask of me whatso thou wantest."
ref: 1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:
text: And there were household slaves in golden collars that burned of a plenty there with her, and nine female thralls, and eight male slaves of the Angles that were of gentle birth and battle-captured.
ref: 1915, Jack London, The Star Rover:
qualifier: literary or puristic; otherwise archaic; literary or puristic; otherwise archaic
glosses: Slave; one under the control of another.
examples: text: Today's kids are in thrall to their phones.
text: Go: release him from the thrall of Hautia.
ref: 1864, Herman Melville, Mardi:
text: [Y]our friend, John Edward, is at the other end of the room with his whole soul held in thrall by photographs of other people's relatives.
ref: 1889, Jerome K. Jerome, chapter 12, in Three Men in a Boat […] :
text: In her brain she was dimly conscious of balancing, or striving to balance, the abject shame which had him now in thrall against the one compelling act of courage which had flung him grandly and madly on to the point of danger.
ref: 1911, Saki, The Easter Egg:
text: A more enlightened Conservative prime minister, better attuned to the “one nation” tradition of the party of Disraeli and Macmillan, less in thrall to Little Englanders, and less intimidated by the peculiarly vicious and Manichaean worldview of the Daily Mail, would have taken a more consensual approach.
ref: 2017 March 27, “The Observer view on triggering article 50”, in The Observer:
text: Labour needs to engage positively with the unions on wider policy issues, but not be in thrall with them.
ref: 2022 November 16, Paul Salveson, “Labour and transport: the important role of the regions”, in RAIL, number 970, page 31:
glosses: The state of being under the control of another person.
glosses: A shelf; a stand for barrels, etc.
Related terms: thralldom
thrall
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /θɹɔːl/
ipa: /θɹɔl/
ipa: /θɹɑl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: more thrall
form: most thrall
Etymology: From Middle English thral, thralle, threl, threlle, from Old English þrǣl (“thrall, slave, servant”), from Old Norse þræll (“slave”), from Proto-Germanic *þrahilaz, *þragilaz, *þrigilaz (“runner, gofer, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *trāgʰ- (“to pull, drag, race, run”); according to ODS probably related to Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þragjan), Old English þrǣġan (“to run”).
Senses: examples: text: Rather than to live thrall, under the awe
Of lordly lokes, wrapped within my cloke […]
ref: 1536, Thomas Wyatt, Satire I:
glosses: Enthralled; captive.
thrall
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /θɹɔːl/
ipa: /θɹɔl/
ipa: /θɹɑl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: thralls
form: thralling
form: thralled
form: thralled
Etymology: From Middle English thrallen, from the noun above. Compare Old Norse þræla.
Senses: qualifier: literary or puristic; otherwise archaic; literary or puristic; otherwise archaic
glosses: To make a thrall; enslave.
Derived terms: thirl
thrallage
thirlage
Related terms: enthrall
inthrall
palus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pali
Etymology: From Latin pālus (“stake, post”). Doublet of pole, peel, and pale.
Senses: qualifier: marine biology
glosses: A vertical pillar along the inner septal margin of a coral.
Derived terms: palar
paliform
palus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: paludes
Etymology: From Latin palūs (“marsh, swamp”).
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
planetology
glosses: A small plain (compared to mare) on the surface of a planet or satellite.
palus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Latin [Term?]
Senses: glosses: Any of the ranks in the hierarchy of gladiators.
silva
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: silvas
form: silvae
form: sylva
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin silva. Doublet of selva.
Senses: examples: text: The most interesting and striking features of the silva of California relate to its composition, the geographical distribution of the species and their biological history.
ref: 1909, Willis Linn Jepson, The Trees of California, page 13:
topics: business
forestry
glosses: The forest trees of a particular area
Related terms: english: see for more terms
translation: see for more terms
word: sylvan
renegade
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛ.nəˌɡeɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹɛ.nɪˌɡeɪd/
Forms: form: renegades
Etymology: From Spanish renegado, from Medieval Latin renegātus, perfect participle of renegō (“I deny”). See also renege.
Senses: glosses: An outlaw or rebel.
glosses: A disloyal person who betrays or deserts a cause, religion, political party, friend, etc.
Coordinate terms: sense: disloyal person
word: apostate
sense: disloyal person
word: defector
sense: disloyal person
word: heretic
sense: disloyal person
word: turncoat
Derived terms: renegade row
Related terms: negate and its related terms
abnegate
neglect
negative
negotiate
négligée
renegade
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛ.nəˌɡeɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹɛ.nɪˌɡeɪd/
Forms: form: renegades
form: renegading
form: renegaded
form: renegaded
Etymology: From Spanish renegado, from Medieval Latin renegātus, perfect participle of renegō (“I deny”). See also renege.
Senses: examples: text: The recent arrangement, obtained by Lord Stratford, as to the case of a Christian renegading to Mohammedanism […]
ref: 1859, Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, volume 3, page 740:
glosses: To desert one's cause, or change one's loyalties; to commit betrayal.
renegade
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛ.nəˌɡeɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹɛ.nɪˌɡeɪd/
Forms: form: more renegade
form: most renegade
Etymology: From Spanish renegado, from Medieval Latin renegātus, perfect participle of renegō (“I deny”). See also renege.
Senses: glosses: Deserting, treacherous, disloyal.
glosses: Unconventional, unorthodox.
perineum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɛ.ɹɪˈniː.əm/
ipa: /ˌpɛɹ.ɪˈni.əm/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /ˌpɛɹ.əˈniː.əm/
rhymes: -iːəm
Forms: form: perineums
form: perinea
form: perinaeum
form: perinæum
Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin perinaeum, from Ancient Greek περίναιον (perínaion, “space between the anus and scrotum”), from Ancient Greek περίνεος, περίνεοι (períneos, períneoi, “male genitals”), itself from earlier Ancient Greek περίς (perís, “penis”) through influence from Ancient Greek πηρίς (pērís, “scrotum”).
Senses: examples: text: He was attacked with complete retention of urine, after a debauch, and six weeks afterwards an abscess formed in the perineum, which eventually burst, leaving a fistulous opening, through which the urine continued to be discharged to the period of his admission into the Hospital.
ref: 1827, Guy's Hospital: Case of Fistula in Perineo, Successfully Treated: The Lancet, volume 12, page 61:
text: The prostate is surrounded by venous plexi and the perineum has a rich blood supply.
ref: 2005, Brian J. Moran, “27: Using the perineal pressure applicator device”, in Adam P. Dicker, Gregory S. Merrick, Frank M. Waterman, Richard K. Valicenti, Leonar G. Gomella, editors, Basic and Advanced Techniques in Prostate Brachytherapy, page 251:
text: The perineum is diamond shaped and stretches from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx.
ref: 2011, Ian Lyons, Biomedical Science: Lecture Notes, page 371:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The region between the genitalia and anus.
Synonyms: word: Biffin's bridge
word: aintcha
word: bonch
word: choad
word: geish
word: gooch
word: grundle
word: guiche
word: nifkin
word: notcher
word: notcha
word: perineo-
word: perineum
word: taint
Hyponyms: word: barse
Coordinate terms: word: episio-
Derived terms: descending perineum syndrome
perineal
Related terms: word: anus
word: scrotum
word: penis
perineal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -iːəl
Forms: form: perinæal
Senses: examples: text: His bicycle seat produced a great deal of perineal discomfort.
text: Many mothers find the use of perineal massage eases their childbirth.
glosses: Referring to the region of the perineum.
Derived terms: abdominoperineal
anoperineal
deep perineal pouch
genitoperineal
intraperineal
ischioperineal
pelviperineal
perineal body
perineally
perineal membrane
perineal raphe
puboperineal
rectoperineal
sacroperineal
superficial perineal pouch
transperineal
urethroperineal
vaginoperineal
e pluribus unum
Language: English
Part of speech: proverb
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin ē plūribus ūnum.
Senses: glosses: "out of many, one" or "from many, one" (alternatively translated as "one out of many" or "one from many”)
starveling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: starvelings
Etymology: From starve + -ling.
Senses: examples: text: If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows; for if I hang, old Sir John hangs with me, and thou knowest he is no starveling.
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
text: As for the starveling rebels of our region, they soon began to reappear in town, more starved and abject, their blackened rags hanging on them[…]
ref: 1979, V. S. Naipaul, A Bend in the River:
glosses: One who is thin from lack of food.
starveling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more starveling
form: most starveling
Etymology: From starve + -ling.
Senses: glosses: Starving; suffering from starvation.
examples: text: [A] few meetings in the cape-broom, a starveling allowance of kisses in a very ill-advised publicity.
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 128:
glosses: Meagre; scanty.
phelloplastics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Italian felloplastica
Senses: glosses: The art of modelling in cork.
cad
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kæd/
rhymes: -æd
Forms: form: cads
Etymology: Short for caddie, from Scots, from French cadet, from dialectal capdet (“chief, captain”), from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput (“head”).
Senses: examples: text: The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite.[…]Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
text: I make him sound like a cad, but he’s not. Early on, when I fell seriously ill, he cared for me devotedly. He’s witty, sweet, a great cook and easy on the eyes.
ref: 2025 February 28, Laura Esther Wolfson, “Rules for Staying Close to Exes”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
synonyms: villain
dog
rascal
bounder
glosses: A low-bred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow, especially one that cannot be trusted with a lady.
examples: text: We will back the machine in which we make our daily peregrination from the top of Oxford-street to the city, against any buss on the road, whether it be for the gaudiness of its exterior, the perfect simplicity of its interior, or the native coolness of its cad.
ref: c. 1835, Charles Dickens, "Omnibuses" (in Sketches by Boz)
text: I’ve fallen asleep on my step as the ’bus was going on, and almost fallen off. I have often to put up with insolence from vulgar fellows, who think it fun to chaff a cad, as they call it.
ref: 1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, published 1861:
glosses: A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; a bus conductor.
glosses: An idle hanger-on about innyards.
Derived terms: caddess
caddish
caddism
Related terms: no way to treat a lady
rubble
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹʌb.əl/
rhymes: -ʌbəl
Forms: form: rubbles
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English rouble, rubel, robel, robeil, from Anglo-Norman *robel (“bits of broken stone”). Presumably related to rubbish, originally of same meaning (waste material, bits of stone, rubble). Ultimately presumably from Old Norse rubba (“to huddle, crowd together, heap up", possibly also "to rub, scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną (“to rub, scrape”), related to Proto-Germanic *reufaną (“to tear”), *raubōną (“to rob, steal, plunder”), perhaps via Old French robe (English rob (“steal”)) in sense of “plunder, destroy”; see also Middle English, Middle French -el.
Senses: examples: text: The main East Coast line from Edinburgh to Berwick was blocked at Cockburnspath and Grantshouse by flood water, which washed away part of an embankment, and by the collapse of about 300 tons of rubble on to the track.
ref: 1956 October, “Summer Floods in Scotland”, in Railway Magazine, page 658:
text: The old boulevard now was a sagging ruin, waiting for the wreckers. … You'd have to loathe yourself vividly to be indifferent to such destruction or, worse, rejoice at the crushing of the locus of these middle-class settlements, glad that history had made rubble of them.
ref: 1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 72:
text: Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.[…]Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.
ref: 2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:
glosses: The broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry.
examples: text: The overlying beds are composed of such calcareous rubble and flints, rudely stratified
ref: 1855, Sir Charles Lyell, A Manual of Elementary Geology:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A mass or stratum of fragments of rock lying under the alluvium and derived from the neighbouring rock.
glosses: The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc.
Derived terms: bounce rubble
bounce the rubble
rubble crab
rubble pile
rubblestone
rubblework
rubbly
Related terms: rubbish
rubble
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹʌb.əl/
rhymes: -ʌbəl
Forms: form: rubbles
form: rubbling
form: rubbled
form: rubbled
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English rouble, rubel, robel, robeil, from Anglo-Norman *robel (“bits of broken stone”). Presumably related to rubbish, originally of same meaning (waste material, bits of stone, rubble). Ultimately presumably from Old Norse rubba (“to huddle, crowd together, heap up", possibly also "to rub, scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną (“to rub, scrape”), related to Proto-Germanic *reufaną (“to tear”), *raubōną (“to rob, steal, plunder”), perhaps via Old French robe (English rob (“steal”)) in sense of “plunder, destroy”; see also Middle English, Middle French -el.
Senses: glosses: To break down into rubble.
ballistics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bəˈlɪst.ɪks/
Etymology: From ballista + -ics.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The science of objects that predominantly fly under the effects of gravity, momentum and atmospheric drag, and dealing with details of their behaviour at the origin and destination of their flight, as of bullets or missiles or rockets.
Derived terms: aeroballistics
astroballistics
ballistic conduction
ballistic fingerprinting
bioballistics
biolistics
electroballistics
external ballistics
internal ballistics
microballistics
terminal ballistics
transition ballistics
retrograde
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ɡɹeɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹɛtɹəˌɡɹeɪd/
Forms: form: more retrograde
form: most retrograde
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English retrograd, retrograde (“of a planet: appearing to move in a direction opposite to the order of the zodiac signs, retrograde; unfortunate”), from Middle French retrograde and Old French retrograde (“of a celestial object: appearing to move backwards; moving backwards; reverse; palindromic; opposed to change”) (modern French rétrograde), and from their etymon Latin retrōgradus (“of a celestial object: appearing to move backwards”) (compare Late Latin retrōgradus (“reverse; palindromic”)), from retrō (“back, backwards; behind; before, formerly”) + gradus (“pace, step”). By surface analysis, retro- + -grade.
The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.
Senses: synonyms: retrogradely
glosses: In a reverse direction; backwards.
retrograde
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ɡɹeɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹɛtɹəˌɡɹeɪd/
Forms: form: retrogrades
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English retrograd, retrograde (“of a planet: appearing to move in a direction opposite to the order of the zodiac signs, retrograde; unfortunate”), from Middle French retrograde and Old French retrograde (“of a celestial object: appearing to move backwards; moving backwards; reverse; palindromic; opposed to change”) (modern French rétrograde), and from their etymon Latin retrōgradus (“of a celestial object: appearing to move backwards”) (compare Late Latin retrōgradus (“reverse; palindromic”)), from retrō (“back, backwards; behind; before, formerly”) + gradus (“pace, step”). By surface analysis, retro- + -grade.
The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.
Senses: glosses: A movement backwards or opposite to the intended or normal motion.
topics: astrology
human-sciences
mysticism
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A movement backwards or opposite to the intended or normal motion.
The apparent movement of a planet across the sky in the opposite direction from its ordinary movement.
synonyms: word: mossback
word: mossyback
word: reactionary
word: traditionalist
glosses: One who opposes social reform, favouring the maintenance of the status quo; a conservative.
glosses: One who reneges on an agreement, or switches loyalties; a rebel, a renegade.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The reversal of a melody so that what is played first in the original melody is played last, and what is played last in the original melody is played first.
retrograde
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ɡɹeɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹɛtɹəˌɡɹeɪd/
Forms: form: retrogrades
form: retrograding
form: retrograded
form: retrograded
Etymology: From Middle French retrograder (“to (cause to) go back, return; to (cause to) move backwards; of a celestial object: to show retrograde motion; to date to an earlier period”) (modern French rétrograder), and from its etymon Latin retrōgradī (“to go or step back or backwards; of a celestial object: to show retrograde motion”) (compare Late Latin retrogradare, retrogradari, retrogredere), from retrō (“back, backwards; behind; before, formerly”) + gradior (“to step, walk; to advance, go”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go; to walk”)).
Senses: topics: geography
natural-sciences
glosses: To cause (a land feature such as a coastline or waterfall) to undergo retrogradation, that is, to travel in the direction of the land or upstream due to erosion.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: To change (minerals, rocks, etc.) metamorphically through a decrease in pressure or temperature.
glosses: To cause (someone or something) to revert to an inferior or less developed state.
examples: text: […] Monna Brigida, who had retrograded to false hair in Romola's absence, but now drew it off again and declared she would not mind being gray, if her dear child would stay with her.
ref: 1862 July – 1863 August, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], Romola. […], volume III, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1863, →OCLC, book III, page 260:
glosses: To revert to an inferior or less developed state; to decline, to regress.
topics: astrology
astronomy
human-sciences
mysticism
natural-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of a celestial body, especially a planet: to show retrogradation; to seem to move across the sky in the opposite direction from its ordinary movement.
topics: geography
natural-sciences
glosses: Of a land feature: to travel in the direction of the land or upstream due to erosion.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: To retreat or withdraw from a position.
examples: text: A dabble in the stocks does not always turn out profitably; cotton is sometimes heavy on our hands, and real estate will sulkily retrograde, when, by the calculation, it ought to have advanced.
ref: 1845, Joseph C. Neal, “The Moral of Goslyne Greene, who was Born to a Fortune”, in The Gift: A Christmas, New Year, and Birthday Present, Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey and Hart, →OCLC, page 68:
glosses: To move backwards; to recede.
glosses: Of the telling of an incident, etc.: to move to an earlier time.
Derived terms: word: retrograded
Related terms: retrogress
retrogression
retrogressive
motion
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈməʊ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˈmoʊ.ʃən/
rhymes: -əʊʃən
Forms: form: motions
form: motioning
form: motioned
form: motioned
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English mocioun, mocion, from Anglo-Norman motion, Middle French motion, and their etymon Latin mōtiō (“movement, motion”), related to movēre, from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”).
Senses: examples: text: He motioned for me to come closer.
text: Mom motioned me over and ordered me to sit by her side.
text: After spending a few paragraphs blasting Obamacare, including motioning directly at the Democrats during his sharpest condemnations, the president laid down a few markers for what he wanted to see replace the current system.
ref: 2017 March 1, Anthony Zurcher, “Trump addresses Congress: A kinder, gentler president”, in BBC News:
glosses: To gesture indicating a desired movement.
glosses: To introduce a motion in parliamentary procedure.
examples: text: Here's Gloucester, a foe to citizens,
One that still motions war and never peace
ref: 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: To make a proposal; to offer plans.
Related terms: emotion
motile
motive
move
movement
stop-motion
quiver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɪvə/
enpr: kwĭˈvər
ipa: /ˈkwɪvɚ/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: quivers
Etymology: From Middle English quiver, from Anglo-Norman quivre, from Old Dutch cocare (source of Dutch koker, and cognate to Old English cocer (“quiver, case”)), from Proto-West Germanic *kokar (“container”), said to be from Hunnic, possibly from Proto-Mongolic *kökexür (“leather vessel for liquids”); see there for more. Replaced early modern cocker, the inherited reflex of that West Germanic word.
The mathematical sense originated as German Köcher in a 1972 paper by Pierre Gabriel; it was likely chosen because a quiver contains arrows, while a digraph contains directed edges (also called "arrows").
Senses: examples: text: Don Pedro: Nay, if Cupid have not spent all his quiver in Venice, thou wilt quake for this shortly.
ref: 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 271:
text: Arrows were carried in quiver, called also an arrow case, which served for the magazine, arrows for immediate use were worn in the girdle.
ref: 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 39:
topics: engineering
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
tools
war
weaponry
glosses: A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.
examples: text: He's got lots of sales pitches in his quiver.
glosses: A ready storage location for figurative tools or weapons.
glosses: A vulva.
glosses: The collective noun for cobras.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A multidigraph, especially in the context of representation theory.
Derived terms: arrow in the quiver
Auslander-Reiten quiver
quiverful
Quiverfull
quiver tree
quiver
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɪvə/
enpr: kwĭˈvər
ipa: /ˈkwɪvɚ/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: more quiver
form: most quiver
Etymology: From Middle English quiver, cwiver, from Old English *cwifer, probably related to cwic (“alive”).
Senses: examples: text: [...] there was a little quiver fellow, and 'a would manage you his piece thus; and 'a would about and about, and come you in and come you in.
ref: c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 281:
glosses: Nimble, active.
quiver
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɪvə/
enpr: kwĭˈvər
ipa: /ˈkwɪvɚ/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: quivers
form: quivering
form: quivered
form: quivered
Etymology: From Middle English quiveren, probably from the adjective.
Senses: examples: text: The birds chaunt melodie on euerie buſh,
 The ſnakes^([sic – meaning ſnake]) lies rolled in the chearefull ſunne,
 The greene leaues quiuer with the cooling winde,
 And make a checkerd ſhadow on the ground: [...]
ref: c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], line 12:
text: And left the limbs still quivering on the ground.
ref: 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv, page 2:
text: Next moment with a rapid, nameless impulse, in a superb lofty arch the bright steel spans the foaming distance, and quivers in the life spot of the whale.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 84, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 410:
text: And the moonlight on the Church seemed to shift and quiver—some pigeons perhaps had been disturbed up there.
ref: 1919 October, John Galsworthy, chapter VIII, in Saint’s Progress, London: William Heinemann, published December 1919, →OCLC, part III, page 300:
synonyms: tremble
quake
shudder
shiver
glosses: To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion.
Derived terms: aquiver
quivering
quiversome
drunkard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɹʌŋkɚd/
Forms: form: drunkards
form: drunkerd
Etymology: From earlier droncarde, from Middle English *druncard (attested as a surname, Druncard), possibly from Middle Low German drunkert, equivalent to drunk + -ard (“pejorative agent suffix”). Compare German Trunkart. Compare braggart.
Senses: glosses: A person who is habitually drunk.
Synonyms: word: alco
word: alcoholic
word: alkie
word: bacchanal
word: bacchant
word: barfly
word: bibber
word: booze artist
word: boozehound
word: boozer
word: borachio
word: bouser
word: carouser
word: cupster
word: dipso
word: dipsomaniac
word: drinker
word: drunk
word: drunkard
word: fuddlecap
word: fuddler
word: grog artist
word: guzzler
word: inebriate
word: juicehead
word: lick-wimble
word: lush
word: lusher
word: maltworm
word: pisshead
word: pisspot
word: plonko
word: reel-pot
word: rinse-pitcher
word: rumpot
word: shicker
word: slubberdegullion
word: soak
word: soaker
word: sot
word: souse
word: sponge
word: squeeze-grape
word: sucker
word: suck-pint
word: swill-belly
word: swill-bowl
word: swill-flagon
word: swill-pot
word: swill-tub
word: swillking
word: tippler
word: toper
word: tosspot
word: tun
word: winebibber
word: winesop
word: wino
Hypernyms: word: person
word: imbiber
word: partaker
word: sensualist
word: wasteoid
Hyponyms: word: rubby-dub
word: vodkaholic
Derived terms: drunkardess
drunkardliness
drunkardly
drunkardness
drunkard noodles
drunkardry
drunkard's walk
Related terms: word: drunk
word: drunken
word: glutton
word: libertine
word: alcohol
word: alcoholic beverage
word: drunkenness
blend
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: blĕnd
ipa: /blɛnd/
rhymes: -ɛnd
homophone: blende
Forms: form: blends
Etymology: From Middle English blenden, either from Old English blandan, blondan, ġeblandan, ġeblendan or from Old Norse blanda (“to blend, mix”) (which was originally a strong verb with the present-tense stem blend; compare blendingr (“a blending, a mixture; a half-breed”)), whence also Danish blande, or from a blend of the Old English and Old Norse terms; both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *blandaną (“to blend; mix; combine”). Compare Middle Dutch blanden (“to mix”), Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (blandan), Old Church Slavonic блєсти (blesti, “to go astray”).
Senses: examples: text: Their music has been described as a blend of jazz and heavy metal.
text: Our department has a good blend of experienced workers and young promise.
synonyms: combination
mix
mixture
glosses: A mixture of two or more things.
examples: text: Blends, also known as portmanteau words, are not an original part of English. That is, none occur in Old or Middle English, nor even in Elizabethan English, with the earliest known example being the rare and now obsolete term tomaxe, a blend of tomahawk and axe.
ref: 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 10:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: frankenword
portmanteau
portmanteau word
portmantologism
meronyms: splinter
glosses: A word formed by combining two other words; a grammatical contamination, portmanteau word.
Derived terms: blend shape
blend time
cotton blend
idiom blend
loanblend
nanoblend
polyblend
preblend
scanlator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: scanlators
Etymology: Blend of scan + translator or scanlate + -or
Senses: glosses: One who scanlates; a person who carries out scanlation.
Related terms: scanlate
scanlation
portmantua
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: portmantuas
Senses: examples: text: Then Little John took the bishop's cloak, And spread it upon the ground, And out of the bishop's portmantua, He told three hundred pound.
ref: ca. 1500, anonymous author, Robin Hood and the Bishop of Hereford:
glosses: Obsolete form of portmanteau (“case”).
portmanteau film
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: portmanteau films
Etymology: Allusion to the idea of a portmanteau in the linguistic sense.
Senses: examples: text: We're so bombarded with images, it's a struggle to preserve our imaginations.' In response, he's turned to cinema, commissioning 11 film-makers to contribute to a portmanteau film, entitled '11'09"01' and composed of short films each running 11 minutes, nine seconds and one frame.
ref: 2002 December 11, Nick Bradshaw, “One day in September”, in Time Out, page 71:
topics: broadcasting
film
media
television
glosses: A film that combines two or more distinct stories, frequently connected by a single theme, premise, or author.
Coordinate terms: anthology film
collage film
composite film
frankenword
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæŋkn̩ˌwɜː(ɹ)d/
enpr: frăngkʹ(ə)n-wûrd'
ipa: /ˈfɹæŋk(ə)nˌwɝd/
Forms: form: frankenwords
form: Frankenword
Etymology: From franken- + word.
Senses: examples: text: But what's noteworthy is the smorgasbord of new vocabulary, including 'frankenwords' (words joined to create new words) which deal with everyday situations.
ref: 2005 December 15, Ruma Singh, “Know some good frankenwords?”, in Bangalore Times:
text: Noun phrase identification is extremely time consuming and may incorrectly process new words that emerge during a debate, eg frankenwords invented during the genetically modified food debate.
ref: 2007 February 1, M. Thelwall, R. Prabowo, “Identifying and characterising public science-related fears from RSS feeds”, in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, volume 58, number 3:
text: A combination of "salvation" and "sacrifice," the coinage "salvific" does not necessarily flow trippingly from the tongue, but the monograph hardly needs a frankenword to make the case for the enduring relationship between African-American letters and racial uplift.
ref: 2009 Fall, Ann duCille, “Marriage, Family, and Other" Peculiar Institutions" in African-American Literary History”, in American Literary History, volume 21, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: A word formed by combining two (or more) other words; a portmanteau.
Synonyms: blend
portmanteau
portmanteau word
portmantologism
Related terms: frankenfish
frankenfood
Frankenstein
Frankenstein
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæŋ.kən.staɪn/
ipa: /ˈfɹæŋ.kən.ʃtaɪn/
ipa: /-kɪn-/
rhymes: -aɪn
Forms: form: Frankensteins
Etymology: From German Frankenstein, various places named for Franken (“Franks, Frankish”) + Stein (“stone”). The use of referencing mad scientists derives from Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus, where Victor Frankenstein assembles a man from pieces of various corpses and brings him to life with electricity. Use of the reference to the monster itself is an ellipsis of the earlier Frankenstein's monster, with the monster's usual modern appearance derived from Boris Karloff's performance in the 1931 film Frankenstein.
Senses: glosses: Various small towns in Germany.
examples: text: In the same year, a kiln of the same size was built in Frankenstein in the Silesian region, but the purpose of this kiln was to treat low-grade nickel ore, and it had a capacity for treating 80,000 tons a year.
ref: 1998, Akira Kudō, chapter 5, in J.A.A. Stockwin, editor, Japanese-German Business Relations: Co-operation and Rivalry in the Interwar Period, London: Routledge, published 2001, →ISBN, page 90:
glosses: Former name of Ząbkowice Śląskie: a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.
glosses: A surname from German.
topics: fiction
literature
media
publishing
synonyms: Franky//Frankie
Doctor Frankenstein//Dr Frankenstein
glosses: Victor Frankenstein, a fictional character and the main protagonist and title character in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus.
examples: text: Now, another fella told me he had a sister who looked just fine
Instead of being my deliverance, she had a strange resemblance
To a cat named Frankenstein.
ref: 1963, Sam Cooke, “Another Saturday Night”, in Ain't That Good News:
topics: fiction
literature
media
publishing
glosses: The unnamed monster created by Victor Frankenstein: a fictional character who first appeared in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus as the main antagonist.
Derived terms: Doctor Frankenstein
Dr. Frankenstein
Dr Frankenstein
Franken-
franken-
Frankenfish
frankenfood
frankenpie
frankenstein
Frankenstein complex
frankenstein doctor
Frankenstein doctor
Frankensteinian
frankensteinian
Frankensteining
Frankensteinish
Frankenstein's monster
frankenword
Frankie
frankie
Franky
franky
Frankenstein
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæŋ.kən.staɪn/
ipa: /ˈfɹæŋ.kən.ʃtaɪn/
ipa: /-kɪn-/
rhymes: -aɪn
Forms: form: Frankensteins
form: frankenstein
Etymology: From German Frankenstein, various places named for Franken (“Franks, Frankish”) + Stein (“stone”). The use of referencing mad scientists derives from Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus, where Victor Frankenstein assembles a man from pieces of various corpses and brings him to life with electricity. Use of the reference to the monster itself is an ellipsis of the earlier Frankenstein's monster, with the monster's usual modern appearance derived from Boris Karloff's performance in the 1931 film Frankenstein.
Senses: examples: text: "Such loveliness as I possess can only truly shine In Hollywood!" Aunt Sponge declared. "Oh, wouldn't that be fine! I'd capture all the nations' hearts! They'd give me all the leading parts! The stars would all resign!" "I think you'd make," Aunt Spiker said, "a lovely Frankenstein."
ref: 1961, Roald Dahl, James and the Giant Peach:
synonyms: Frankenstein's monster//Frankenstein monster//frankenstein monster
Frankensteinian monster//frankensteinian monster
franky//frankie
monster
glosses: A monster composed of body parts from various corpses attached and brought back to life by a mad scientist, typically strong, unable to speak clearly, and misunderstood.
synonyms: word: Dr Frankenstein//Dr. Frankenstein//Doctor Frankenstein
word: frankenstein doctor//Frankenstein doctor
word: frankensteinian doctor//Frankensteinian doctor
word: mad scientist
glosses: Synonym of mad scientist.
Frankenstein
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæŋ.kən.staɪn/
ipa: /ˈfɹæŋ.kən.ʃtaɪn/
ipa: /-kɪn-/
rhymes: -aɪn
Forms: form: Frankensteins
form: Frankensteining
form: Frankensteined
form: Frankensteined
form: frankenstein
Etymology: From German Frankenstein, various places named for Franken (“Franks, Frankish”) + Stein (“stone”). The use of referencing mad scientists derives from Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus, where Victor Frankenstein assembles a man from pieces of various corpses and brings him to life with electricity. Use of the reference to the monster itself is an ellipsis of the earlier Frankenstein's monster, with the monster's usual modern appearance derived from Boris Karloff's performance in the 1931 film Frankenstein.
Senses: examples: text: In the middle of the Formica-topped table, on the other side of Kimball's oatmeal but still at arm's length, was an approximation of a laptop Kimball had Frankensteined from computers so obsolete that cash-strapped schools wouldn't even accept them as donations.
ref: 2005, Neal Pollack, Chicago Noir:
glosses: To combine two or more similar elements into a consistent entity, or a cohesive idea.
catoblepas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /kəˈtɒblɪpəs/
/kæ-/
/-blɛ-/
/-bliː-/
/-pæs/
/ˌkætoʊˈblɛpəs/
/ˌkætoʊˈbliːpəs/
/-tə-/
/ˈkætoʊblɪpəs/
Forms: form: catoblepae
form: catoblepones
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin catōblepās, from Ancient Greek κᾰτῶβλεψ (kătôbleps), κᾰτωβλέπων (kătōblépōn), κᾰτώβλεπον (kătṓblepon, “down-looker”), from κᾰτᾰβλέπω (kătăblépō, “to look downwards”, from κᾰτᾰ́ (kătắ) + βλέπω (blépō)).
Senses: examples: text: Behind them, blindfolded and muzzled, came catoblepones.
ref: 2019, Joel Puga, The Journeys of the Sorcerer:
text: The most obvious curseinflicting monsters that came to mind were Basilisks, Cockatrices, and Catoblepones.
ref: 2022, Patora Fuyuhara, In Another World With My Smartphone:
glosses: A legendary creature from Ethiopia, said to have the body of a Cape buffalo, scales on its back, and the head of a wild boar, which always points downward because of its weight.
Related terms: basilisk
gorgon
corvus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: corvuses
form: corvi
Etymology: From Latin corvus.
Senses: glosses: A hooked ram for destroying walls.
synonyms: harpago
glosses: A grappling hook in Ancient Roman naval warfare.
dab
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dæb/
rhymes: -æb
Forms: form: dabs
form: dabbing
form: dabbed
form: dabbed
Etymology: From Middle English dabben (“to strike”), probably of North Germanic origin, related to Old Icelandic dabba (“to tap, slap”), perhaps ultimately imitative. Compare also with Middle Dutch dabben (“to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble”) (Dutch dabben (“(of a horse) to stamp with the forelegs”)), Dutch deppen (“to dab”), possibly German tappen (“to fumble, grope”).
The noun is from Middle English dabbe (“a strike, blow”), from the verb. Related to tap. Compare also drub, dub.
African-American sense of “playful box” perhaps influenced by dap (“fistbump”).
Senses: examples: text: I dabbed my face with a towel.
text: Dab the tears from your eyes.
glosses: To press lightly in a repetitive motion with a soft object without rubbing.
examples: text: The nurse will dab some ointment on that gash.
glosses: To apply a substance in this way.
examples: text: 1532-1533, Thomas More, The Confutation of Tyndale's Answer
to dabbe him in the necke
text: Breach hit a line, Zoe Harrison dabbed a kick in behind and Abby Dow chased like fury.
ref: 2025 August 22, Mike Henson, “England open World Cup with 11-try win over USA”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: To strike by a thrust; to hit with a sudden blow or thrust.
glosses: To apply hash oil to a heated surface for the purpose of efficient combustion.
examples: text: Look, my bruddas don't dab, we just vossi bop
ref: 2019, Stormzy, “Vossi Bop”:
topics: dance
dancing
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To perform the dab dance move; to move both arms, parallel with one's head, to either side of the body.
topics: bingo
games
glosses: Synonym of daub (to mark a bingo card)
synonyms: word: daub
extra: to mark a bingo card
Derived terms: dab out
dab up
vab
dab
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /dæb/
rhymes: -æb
Etymology: From Middle English dabben (“to strike”), probably of North Germanic origin, related to Old Icelandic dabba (“to tap, slap”), perhaps ultimately imitative. Compare also with Middle Dutch dabben (“to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble”) (Dutch dabben (“(of a horse) to stamp with the forelegs”)), Dutch deppen (“to dab”), possibly German tappen (“to fumble, grope”).
The noun is from Middle English dabbe (“a strike, blow”), from the verb. Related to tap. Compare also drub, dub.
African-American sense of “playful box” perhaps influenced by dap (“fistbump”).
Senses: glosses: With a dab, or sudden contact.
Related terms: daub
dab
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dæb/
rhymes: -æb
Forms: form: dabs
Etymology: Unknown. First use in print was in 1691, in The Athenian Mercury; it is also found in the Dictionary of the Canting Crew of 1698; see quotations for both. Originally used in the cant of criminals, and later in school slang. It may be a profound alteration of adept, likely from deliberate slangy usage thereof (rather than natural sound-change), which if true would give such earlier forms as *adep (or *dept) > *dep > *deb.
Senses: examples: text: for little Urchin as he is, he‘s ſuch a Dab at his Bow and Arrows‘ that ne‘re a Finsbury Archer of ‘em all can pretend to come near him.
ref: 1691, John Dunton, editor, The Athenian Mercury, volume 4, number 3, London, Queſt[ion] 8, page 2, column 2:
text: Dab, c. expert exquiſite in Roguery a Rumdab, c. a very Dextrous fellow at fileing , thieving, Cheating, Sharping, sc. Heii a Dab at it, He is well vers'd in it.
ref: c. 1698, B. E., compiler, A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew, London: W. Hawes, DA, page 53, column 1:
text: One excels at a plan or the title page, another works away at the body of the book, and the third is a dab at an index.
ref: 1869 [1759], David Mather Masson, The Miscellaneous Works of Oliver Goldsmith, The Globe Edition, London: Macmillan & Co., reprint of The Bee: A Select Collection of Essays on The Most Interesting and Entertaining Subjects by Oliver Goldsmith, page 353:
text: I hope he will like my answer; it is as good a one as I can write though nothing to his; Indeed I had always heard what a dab he was at a Love-letter.
ref: 1790, Jane Austen, “A Collection of Letters”, in Love and Freindship ^([sic]) (manuscript), page 149; first published in J. R. Sanders, Love & Freindship and Other Early Works, New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1922:
synonyms: word: adept
word: ace
word: artist
word: buff
word: crackerjack
word: crack hand
word: dab
word: dab hand
word: dabster
word: don hand
word: expert
word: Jedi Master
word: master
word: maven
word: old hand
word: old soldier
word: old stager
word: past master
word: proficient
word: top gun
word: whiz
word: wiz
word: wizard
word: veteran
glosses: One who is skilful or proficient; an expert; an adept.
Derived terms: dab hand
dab-handed
dabster
dab
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dæb/
rhymes: -æb
Forms: form: dabs
Etymology: Late Middle English dabbe, of unknown origin; perhaps related to sense 1 (“to press against lightly”) as in "a soft mass dabbed down."
Senses: glosses: A small flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae, especially Limanda limanda; a flounder.
glosses: A sand dab, a small flatfish of genus Citharichthys.
Derived terms: crawdab
dab
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dæb/
rhymes: -æb
Forms: form: more dab
form: most dab
Etymology: Back slang for bad.
Senses: examples: text: Business topics are discussed in a most peculiar style. One man takes the pipe from his mouth and says, "Bill made a doogheno hit this morning." "Jem," says another, to a man just entering, "you'll stand a top o' reeb?" "On," answers Jem, "I've had a trosseno tol, and have been doing dab."
ref: 1851, Henry Mayhew, “Habits and Amusements of Costermongers”, in London Labour and the London Poor, volume 1, page 11:
text: One afternoon, arriving at his stall later than usual, I said, almost unknowingly, 'A doogheno or a dabheno?' Jo, who had often chaffed me for my awkward mimicking of coster language, didn't even look up from peeling his apple. 'Dab,' he said, with a little shake of his head.
ref: 2012, Anthony Quinn, The Streets, →ISBN, page 33:
synonyms: trosseno
antonyms: doog
doogheno
qualifier: costermongers
glosses: Bad.
Related terms: word: dab bong
word: dab rig
english: etymologically relation unclear
translation: etymologically relation unclear
word: dabchick