cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
perturbance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: perturbances
Senses: examples: text: The developmental instability theory explains homosexuality as a perturbance of the complex processes of prenatal brain development by exogenous influences and was originally stimulated by findings of increased non-right handedness among homosexuals of both sexes (Lalumière, Blanchard, & Zucker, 2000 ), but attempts at finding an association of homosexuality with fluctuating asymmetry as a broader index of developmental instability have been unsuccessful (Rahman, 2005 ).
ref: 2007 December 22, Heino F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg, Curtis Dolezal, Susan W. Baker, Maria I. New, “Sexual Orientation in Women with Classical or Non-classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia as a Function of Degree of Prenatal”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: perturbation
perturbances
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of perturbance
proenkephalin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: proenkephalins
Etymology: From pro- + enkephalin.
Senses: examples: text: Finally, the gene for the opioid-associated precursor, proenkephalin (PRO), likewise displays enhanced expression (4.7-fold difference).
ref: 2007 December 11, Craig Howard Kinsley, Massimo Bardi, Kate Karelina, Brandi Rima, Lillian Christon, Julia Friedenberg, Garrett Griffin, “Motherhood Induces and Maintains Behavioral and Neural Plasticity across the Lifespan in the Rat”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A precursor of leuenkephalin and metenkephalin.
Derived terms: preproenkephalin
proenkephalins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of proenkephalin
proopiomelanocortin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: proopiomelanocortins
Etymology: From pro- + opiomelanocortin.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A precursor polypeptide involved in diverse cellular functions.
Synonyms: POMC
proopiomelanocortins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of proopiomelanocortin
POMC
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of proopiomelanocortin.
metoestrus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of metestrus.
metestrus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: metaestrus
form: metoestrus
form: metœstrus
Etymology: From met- + estrus.
Senses: glosses: A phase of the oestrus cycle where the signs of oestrogen stimulation subside, the corpus luteum starts to form, and the uterine lining begins to secrete small amounts of progesterone.
proestrus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From pro- + estrus.
Senses: glosses: A phase of the oestrus cycle, prior to sexual receptivity, during which one or more follicles of the ovary begin to grow.
prosociality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From prosocial + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: DeBruine ( 2004 a) provided preliminary evidence that facial resemblance has a different impact in the domain of mate choice than in the domain of prosociality.
ref: 2007 December 22, Lisa M. DeBruine, Benedict C. Jones, Anthony C. Little, David I. Perrett, “Social Perception of Facial Resemblance in Humans”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being prosocial.
siphonostomatoid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: siphonostomatoids
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Any member of the Siphonostomatoida, an order of maxillopods.
siphonostomatoids
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of siphonostomatoid
skeletomusculature
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From skeleto- + musculature.
Senses: examples: text: Given that much of the peripheral body morphology is masculinized by the direct action of androgens, the tfm males have a female-typical bodily phenotype, including a vagina (albeit blind-ending) and a feminine skeletomusculature (Vanderschueren et al., 1993, 1994 ).
ref: 2007 December 11, Evelyn F. Field, Sergio M. Pellis, “The Brain as the Engine of Sex Differences in the Organization of Movement in Rats”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: The physical structure of skeleton and muscles.
capsulæ
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Some of these capsulæ had the arteries alone injected, others only the veins, and in others both of these systems of vessels were filled with minute injection, the arteries with that of a red colour, the veins with yellow.
ref: 1828, Everard Home, John Hunter, chapter VI, in Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, volume V, page 261:
glosses: plural of capsule
synucleins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of synuclein
syntaxless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From syntax + -less.
Senses: examples: a syntaxless pidgin language
glosses: Devoid of syntax.
unmorphed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of unmorph
unmorphed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + morphed.
Senses: examples: text: Additionally, the control comparison condition was the assessment of unmorphed faces, which would not be androgynous for either male or female participants.
ref: 2007 December 22, Lisa M. DeBruine, Benedict C. Jones, Anthony C. Little, David I. Perrett, “Social Perception of Facial Resemblance in Humans”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Not having been morphed.
unnaturalistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unnaturalistic
form: most unnaturalistic
Etymology: From un- + naturalistic.
Senses: glosses: Not naturalistic.
vasocongestive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From vaso- + congestive.
Senses: examples: text: In these measures, strength of preference is inferred by degree of vasocongestive response.
ref: 2007 December 22, Daniel Brian Krupp, “Through Evolution’s Eyes: Extracting Mate Preferences by Linking Visual Attention to Adaptive Design”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Of or pertaining to vasocongestion.
vasocongestion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From vaso- + congestion.
Senses: glosses: The swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased vascular blood flow and a localized increase in blood pressure.
Related terms: vasocongestive
virilize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: virilizes
form: virilizing
form: virilized
form: virilized
Etymology: From virile + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: Although the hormonal abnormalities of CAH are treated shortly after birth, girls with CAH show physical signs of elevated prenatal androgen exposure (e.g., virilized genitalia) and tend to be masculinized along several behavioral dimensions (Berenbaum, 1999).
ref: 2007 December 12, David A. Puts, Michael A. McDaniel, Cynthia L. Jordan, S. Marc Breedlove, “Spatial Ability and Prenatal Androgens: Meta-Analyses of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Studies”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: To make virile.
virilized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of virilize
nonvirilized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + virilized.
Senses: glosses: Not virilized.
virilizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of virilize
virilizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of virilize
overserve
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: overserves
form: overserving
form: overserved
form: overserved
Etymology: From over- + serve.
Senses: glosses: To serve too much (especially alcohol to an intoxicated person).
Related terms: overservice
overserving
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of overserve
overserves
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of overserve
overserved
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overserve
deformer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfɔːmə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: deformers
Etymology: From deform + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Some may think this disingenuous as, in choosing to frame a novel as a memoir, Coetzee reveals himself as a supreme deformer of his chosen medium.
ref: 2009 September 8, Claire Armitstead, “Odds on: the Booker's favourites”, in Guardian:
text: Many newcomers make that mistake, not adding in edgeloops, and get flummoxed a little about why the deformer doesn't work.
ref: 2018, Tina O'Hailey, Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition:
glosses: One who, or that which, deforms.
deformers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of deformer
mudbank
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mudbanks
Etymology: From mud + bank.
Senses: examples: text: Before we had gone fifty yards we perceived that all hopes of getting further up the stream in the whale-boat were at an end, for not two hundred yards above where we had stopped were a succession of shallows and mudbanks, with not six inches of water over them.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
text: He had a view across wide fields to the Stour nearing low tide, with its mudbanks emerging from the silver water like the humped backs of monsters, and segrasses and ccircling flocks of seabirds.
ref: 2022, Ian McEwan, Lessons, page 189:
glosses: An area of mud, possibly submerged, near the edge of a body of water.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Paspalum dissectum
word: mudbank crowngrass
taxonomic: Paspalum dissectum
word: mudbank paspalum
mudbanks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mudbank
concededly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From conceded + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: They concededly ignored the historical record and made assumptions about jury behavior that have been called into question by more recent research.
ref: 2009 July 7, Adam Liptak, “In Two States, a Lower Bar for Conviction”, in New York Times:
glosses: admittedly
deemphasize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: deemphasizes
form: deemphasizing
form: deemphasized
form: deemphasized
Etymology: From de- + emphasize.
Senses: examples: text: In an article in Athletics Journal, Paul A. Smith described fartlek as "a continuous overdistance run with numerous faster-paced interval runs interspersed, until the runner feels tired, but not exhausted." Smith claimed that because fartlek existed in the mind of the runner as a form of play, it deemphasized the feeling or perception of fatigue.
ref: 1992, Hal Higdon, “Fartlek: A Time-tested Treasure”, in Kathleen A. Becker, editor, Run Fast: How to Train for a 5-K or 10-K Race, Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, →ISBN, pages 128–129:
text: One way to minimize or mitigate the copycat effect is to deemphasize the perpetrator and deglorify the violence in real and fictional stories.
ref: 2023, Jacqueline B. Helfgott, Copycat Crime:
glosses: Alternative form of de-emphasize.
deemphasizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of deemphasize
deemphasizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of deemphasize
deemphasized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of deemphasize
ankylostomiasis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ankylostomiases
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of ancylostomiasis.
anchylostomiasis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of ancylostomiasis.
ankylostomiases
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ankylostomiasis
biopsychology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From bio- + psychology.
Senses: glosses: biological psychology
Related terms: biopsychological
biopsychologist
biopsychologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: biopsychologists
Etymology: From bio- + psychologist.
Senses: glosses: A specialist in biopsychology.
biopsychological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From bio- + psychological.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to biopsychology.
Derived terms: neurobiopsychological
biopsychologists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of biopsychologist
sociorobotics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From socio- + robotics.
Senses: glosses: A field of research dealing with the implications, complexities and design of the social behaviours and interactions of robots (with each other and with humans).
beltings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbɛltɪŋz/
Senses: glosses: plural of belting
lossmaker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lossmakers
form: loss-maker
Etymology: From loss + maker.
Senses: examples: text: Mr Joyce told the ABC's Inside Business program on Sunday that Qantas' domestic and its regional business, QantasLink were making money, but Qantas' International was a lossmaker.
ref: 2009 August 24, Geoff Easdown, “Qantas struggles with loss-making flights”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 26 Aug 2009:
glosses: A company, product, etc. that makes a financial loss.
Related terms: lossmaking
lossmakers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lossmaker
lossmaking
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more lossmaking
form: most lossmaking
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of loss-making.
losslessness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From lossless + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being lossless.
tollroad
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tollroads
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of toll road.
tollroads
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tollroad
categoricity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From categoric + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: For the arithmeticity of the axioms of PA—i. e. the claim that they can be seen as true on the basis of our basic grasp of the structure of the natural numbers—is motivated by Isaacson by appealing to the categoricity of PA 2, the second-order theory which provides us with a categorical characterization of the natural numbers as the smallest structure closed under a one-to-one successor operation and containing an element which is not the successor of any element.
ref: 2008 August 27, Luca Incurvati, “Too Naturalist and Not Naturalist Enough: Reply to Horsten”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being categorical.
checkability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From check + -ability.
Senses: examples: text: The ideal of uncontroversial checkability of mathematical arguments, however, seems to be related to formal derivations rather than scribblings on napkins.
ref: 2008 March 21, Bernd Buldt, Benedikt Löwe, Thomas Müller, “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being checkable.
epistemicist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: epistemicists
Etymology: From epistemic + -ist.
Senses: glosses: One who subscribes to the philosophy of epistemicism.
epistemicists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of epistemicist
sociorobotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From socio- + robotic.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to the field of sociorobotics.
supervaluationism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From supervaluation + -ism.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A semantics for dealing with irreferential singular terms and vagueness.
Related terms: supervaluation
supervaluationist
superfalse
supertrue
supertruth
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From super- + truth.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: In supervaluationism, the quality of being supertrue.
supertubes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of supertube
supertrue
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From super- + true.
Senses: examples: text: "I am happy or I am not happy" is supertrue, because I must be one or the other.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: In supervaluationism, necessarily true regardless of the values of variables.
superfalse
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From super- + false.
Senses: examples: text: "I am asleep and I am not asleep" is superfalse, because I can never be both.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: In supervaluationism, necessarily false regardless of the values of variables.
Related terms: supertrue
irreferential
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From ir- + referential.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Lacking a referent.
epistemicism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From epistemic + -ism.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A philosophical position asserting that there are facts about the boundaries of a vague predicate (such as "is thin" or "is bald") which cannot be discovered.
Related terms: epistemicist
tenoroon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌtɛn.əˈɹuːn/
ipa: /ˌtɛn.əˈɹun/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: tenoroons
Etymology: Blend of tenor + bassoon
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: tenor bassoon
deductivist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈdʌktɪvɪst/
ipa: /dɪˈdʊktɪvɪst/
Forms: form: deductivists
Etymology: From deductive + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Although, in mathematics, one is not supposed to settle for anything short of absolute proof, even staunch deductivists might appreciate the potential value of this way of proceeding.
ref: 2008 January 31, Bart Van Kerkhove, Jean Paul Van Bendegem, “Pi on Earth, or Mathematics in the Real World”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: One who subscribes to the form of reasoning called deductivism.
Derived terms: hypothetico-deductivist
deductivists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of deductivist
disjunctiveness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From disjunctive + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: 3 was that computer proofs may tend to be less explanatory than traditional proofs because they are more disjunctive, and disjunctiveness reduces explanatoriness.
ref: 2008 May 30, Alan Baker, “Experimental Mathematics”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being disjunctive.
explanatoriness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From explanatory + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: 3 was that computer proofs may tend to be less explanatory than traditional proofs because they are more disjunctive, and disjunctiveness reduces explanatoriness.
ref: 2008 May 30, Alan Baker, “Experimental Mathematics”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being explanatory.
formalizability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From formalize + -ability.
Senses: examples: text: In Wilhelmus ( 2007 ), the author investigated the philosophical question “Is formalizability of an argument a necessary condition for mathematical knowledge?
ref: 2008 March 21, Bernd Buldt with Löwe, Benedikt and Müller, Thomas, “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being formalizable.
Derived terms: unformalizability
indispensible
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more indispensible
form: most indispensible
Senses: examples: text: However, whereas Van Bendegem and Van Kerkhove conclude by saying that experimental methods and an empirical basis form an indispensible backdrop for mathematical practice, Baker goes the other way and says that the fact that mathematicians use experiments in the context of discovery is “compatible with the view that mathematics is a priori and deductive at its core”.
ref: 2008 March 21, Bernd Buldt, Benedikt Löwe, Thomas Müller, “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of indispensable.
deductivism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈdʌktɪvɪzəm/
ipa: /dɪˈdʊktɪvɪzəm/
Etymology: From deductive + -ism.
Senses: glosses: The use of deductive reasoning.
Derived terms: hypothetico-deductivism
primehood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From prime + -hood.
Senses: examples: text: Because it involves the addition of numbers defined in terms of multiplication, this problem is as hard to tackle as it is easy to phrase and grasp (as for the latter, it only takes one to master the concepts of evenness and primehood).
ref: 2008 January 31, Bart Van Kerkhove, Jean Paul Van Bendegem, “Pi on Earth, or Mathematics in the Real World”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being a prime number; primeness.
rigorization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rigorizations
form: rigorisation
form: rigourisation
form: rigourization
Etymology: From rigor + -ization.
Senses: glosses: Conversion into a mathematically rigorous form.
rigorizations
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of rigorization
hidable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of hideable.
Derived terms: unhidable
hideable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: hidable
Etymology: From hide + -able.
Senses: glosses: Capable of being hidden.
supertasks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of supertask
supertask
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: supertasks
Etymology: From super- + task.
Senses: examples: text: One might object that this scenario is truly a fiction, but the recent literature on supertasks shows that, although their reality is definitely still not established, at least its plausibility can be argued for.
ref: 2008 January 31, Bart Van Kerkhove, Jean Paul Van Bendegem, “Pi on Earth, or Mathematics in the Real World”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A quantifiably infinite number of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time.
Related terms: hypertask
hypertask
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hypertasks
Etymology: From hyper- + task.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: An uncountably infinite number of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time.
Related terms: supertask
ultratask
hypertasks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hypertask
surveyability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From survey + -ability.
Senses: examples: text: The fourth topic, induction, touches upon the alleged experimental and other non-deductive dimensions to mathematical activity, involving such techniques as the brute manipulation of numbers, probability arguments, or visual proofs, and putting to the test the epistemic principles of surveyability and understanding.
ref: 2008 January 31, Bart Van Kerkhove, Jean Paul Van Bendegem, “Pi on Earth, or Mathematics in the Real World”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being surveyable.
tenoroons
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tenoroon
unexplanatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unexplanatory
form: most unexplanatory
Etymology: From un- + explanatory.
Senses: examples: text: If explanation is indeed tied closely to unification then it is not hard to see how the disjunctiveness characteristic of computer proof tends to yield proofs that are also considered relatively unexplanatory by mathematicians.
ref: 2008 May 30, Alan Baker, “Experimental Mathematics”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: Not explanatory; failing to offer a (good or coherent) explanation.
usurpatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more usurpatory
form: most usurpatory
Senses: examples: text: Kant was concerned about certain metaphysical notions, but we think that usurpatory concepts reflect a general phenomenon of language as it evolves over time.
ref: 2008 March 21, Bernd Buldt, Benedikt Löwe, Thomas Müller, “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:
glosses: Tending to usurp.
glosses: Of or resulting from usurpation.
contrastivist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: contrastivists
Etymology: From contrastive + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Now, I am going to argue that the contrastivist should accept a further condition on the knowledge-relation, a further relativization.
ref: 2008 April 5, Peter Baumann, “Contrastivism Rather than Something Else? On the Limits of Epistemic Contrastivism”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: One who subscribes to contrastivism.
contrastivists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of contrastivist
contrastivism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From contrastive + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: In the last section I proposed to broaden contrastivism with respect to admissible kinds of third relata while in the first section I proposed to restrict it with respect to kinds of knowledge.
ref: 2008 April 5, Peter Baumann, “Contrastivism Rather than Something Else? On the Limits of Epistemic Contrastivism”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: An epistemological theory suggesting that knowledge attributions have a ternary structure of the form "S knows that p rather than q", in contrast to the traditional view whereby knowledge attributions have a binary structure of the form "S knows that p".
dishabituate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsəˈbɪtʃueɪt/
Forms: form: dishabituates
form: dishabituating
form: dishabituated
form: dishabituated
Etymology: From dis- + habituate.
Senses: examples: text: Separate experiments show that infants habituated to repeated occurrences of one object will dishabituate to the presentation of a new object (Xu and Carey 1996, p. 136).
ref: 2008 January 8, John E. Sarnecki, “Sortals for Dummies”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:
glosses: To respond (to a stimulus) with dishabituation.
glosses: To reach a state of dishabituation.
dishabituated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of dishabituate
dishabituating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of dishabituate
dishabituates
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of dishabituate
doubtworthy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more doubtworthy
form: most doubtworthy
Etymology: From doubt + -worthy.
Senses: examples: text: After all, she is using ‘water’ with the intention of designating a natural kind; and so if she stops to consider whether it is possible that there are in fact two natural kinds in play, both exhibiting superficially indistinguishable watery features but different as to their underlying nature, she herself would regard T1** and T2** as differentially doubtworthy.
ref: 2007 December 29, Sanford Goldberg, “Must Differences in Cognitive Value be Transparent?”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:
glosses: Worthy of doubt; uncertain.
Coordinate terms: doubtable
dubitable
doubtful
dubious
dubitability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Second, while so construing a subject has some far-reaching consequences—it sometimes complicates the matter of determining the rationality of differential dubitability, and it suggests that a subject’s relation to her own conceptions may be more complicated than we might have supposed—the proposed construal does not ultimately introduce any troublesome gap between the subject’s cognitive perspective and how she conceives of things.
ref: 2007 December 29, Sanford Goldberg, “Must Differences in Cognitive Value be Transparent?”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being dubitable; questionableness.
endogenise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: endogenises
form: endogenising
form: endogenised
form: endogenised
Senses: examples: text: Thus the complete framework of General Equilibrium Theory as developed, for instance, in the Arrow–Debreu model is too general as a basis of ITT. 10 Furthermore, this model endogenises properties, such as the time and place of commodities, which are crucial to ITT and should therefore be made explicit in a reconstruction of the theory.
ref: 2008 March 21, Frieder Lempp, “The Logical Structure of International Trade Theory”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of endogenize.
endogenised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of endogenise
endogenising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of endogenise
endogenises
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of endogenise
endogenisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of endogenization.
coherentism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coherentisms
Etymology: From coherent + -ism.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A form of reasoning where the truth or falsehood of a belief is defined by its coherence with the rest of the believer's knowledge and experiences.
Derived terms: foundherentism
Related terms: coherentist
conditionalisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: conditionalisations
Senses: examples: text: The “marriage of the two Toms” (ibid. p. 192) then consists in recognising the difficulties Kuhn’s insights pose for the pure model of Bayesian conditionalisation and its augmentation.
ref: 2007 August 7, Lefteris Farmakis, “Did Tom Kuhn actually Meet Tom Bayes?”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of conditionalization.
conditionalizations
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of conditionalization
conditionalisations
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of conditionalisation
confirmational
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From confirmation + -al.
Senses: examples: text: Unlike the standard ‘Quine–Putnam’ argument given in Sect. 1, these arguments do not invoke confirmational holism.
ref: 2007 September 28, David Liggins, “Quine, Putnam, and the ‘Quine–Putnam’ Indispensability Argument”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of or pertaining to the confirmation of one theory or observation by others.
Related terms: disconfirmational
credibilities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of credibility
explananda
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of explanandum
externalisms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of externalism
foundherentism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /faʊndˈhɪəɹənˌtɪzm/
Etymology: Blend of foundationalism + coherentism
Senses: examples: text: But one of the express tenets of foundherentism is that “there need be no privileged class of empirical beliefs justified exclusively by the support of experience, independently of the support of other beliefs” (Haack 1993, p. 19).
ref: 2007 October 26, Lydia McGrew, Timothy McGrew, “Foundationalism, Probability, and Mutual Support”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A theory of justification that combines elements from the two rival theories addressing infinite regress: foundationalism and coherentism.
Related terms: foundherentist
foundherentist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to foundherentism.
foundherentist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: foundherentists
Senses: glosses: A supporter of foundherentism.
pouchful
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pouchfuls
form: pouchesful
Etymology: From pouch + -ful.
Senses: examples: text: A pouchful of fluid will be found inside the scrotum.
ref: 1907, J[oseph] E[dmund] Hodgins, T[homas] H[enry] Haskett, The Veterinary Science. (Revised and Enlarged.) The Anatomy, Diseases and Treatment of Domestic Animals; Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Dogs and Poultry; Also Containing a Full Description of Medicines and Receipts., 92nd edition, London, Ont.; Detroit, Mich.: The Veterinary Science Association, page 210:
text: Now, in collecting the samples of Experiments C2, C4, C5, and C8 reported in Table IV, such a preliminary “washing out” of the pouch was not practiced as a routine procedure, although it happened several times as a result of the accidental loss of a pouchful of juice due to the pressure of the secretion being great enough to force the sphincter.
ref: 1931, Franklin Hollander, George R. Cowgill, “Studies in Gastric Secretion”, in The Journal of Biological Chemistry, volume XCI, Baltimore, Md., page 174:
text: Trees as if the virgins of heaven lent them their forms, dressed them in their robes, and draped them in their jewels. Their blossoms exhaled pouchesful of musk, and the birds vied with one another in their strange speech.
ref: 2021, Abū l-Muṭahhar al-Azdī; Emily Selove and Geert Jan van Gelder, editors, translators, and annotators, The Portrait of Abū l-Qāsim al-Baghdādī al-Tamīmī, Gibb Memorial Trust, →ISBN, page 261:
glosses: As much as a pouch can hold.
pouchfuls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pouchful
internalisms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of internalism
justifiedness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From justified + -ness.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The quality of being justified.
justifiers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of justifier
metalogical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From meta- + logical.
Senses: examples: text: 22 For example, Lewis thinks the truth values of controversial modal axioms can be settled by metalogical considerations about the accessibility relation among worlds.
ref: 2007 September 21, Peter W. Hanks, “A Dilemma About Necessity”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Of or pertaining to metalogic.
metalogic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: metalogics
Etymology: From meta- + logic.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The metatheory of logic; the study of properties of logical systems.
Related terms: metalogical
metalogician
metalogics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metalogic
fixpoint
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fixpoints
Etymology: Clipping of fixed point.
Senses: examples: text: It feels like I've stepped through the looking glass and am wandering in a topsy-turvy world where the fixpoints we have lived with for decades have gone. Not just moved... gone.
ref: 2020 June 3, Stefanie Foster, “Comment: The recovery starts here”, in Rail, page 3:
glosses: A fixed point.
fixpoints
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of fixpoint
metalogician
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: metalogicians
Etymology: From meta- + logician.
Senses: glosses: One who studies metalogic.
metalogicians
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metalogician
microworld
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌɪkɹəʊwəːld/
Forms: form: microworlds
Etymology: From micro- (“small”) + world.
Senses: examples: text: There are certainly many, new features to be learnt about the microworld and which quantum mechanics can inform about.
ref: 2007 August 11, Peter J. Riggs, “Reflections on the deBroglie–Bohm Quantum Potential”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
text: This randomness in the behaviour of the microworld came as a shock because, until this point, science was resolutely deterministic.
ref: 2011, Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw, The Quantum World, Allen Lane, published 2011, page 8:
glosses: The world as it exists at a microscopic scale, subject to quantum effects etc.
microworld
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌɪkɹəʊwəːld/
Forms: form: microworlds
Etymology: From micro- (“pertaining to an aspect of micronationalism”) + world.
Senses: glosses: The community of micronations; the micronational world.
microworlds
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of microworld
nondeviantly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From nondeviant + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Assume that Jones’ decision to murder Smith is nondeterministically (and nonwaywardly) caused (in accordance with a modest libertarian account of free action) by a cluster of Jones’ reasons; had he not arrived at this decision at the time at which he did, another cluster of his reasons would have nondeterministically (and nondeviantly) caused an alternative decision.
ref: 2007 July 17, Ishtiyaque Haji, “Reflections on the Incompatibilist’s Direct Argument”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: In a nondeviant manner.
nonresponsibility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From non- + responsibility.
Senses: examples: text: One can, though, strengthen the assumption at issue – the assumption that causal nonresponsibility is not sufficient for moral nonresponsibility – without appeal to the notion of avoidability, so that the resulting, strengthened principle does do the required work of ruling out our being morally responsible for the laws.
ref: 2007 July 17, Ishtiyaque Haji, “Reflections on the Incompatibilist’s Direct Argument”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Absence of responsibility; not being responsible.
nonsensory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɛnsəɹi
Etymology: From non- + sensory.
Senses: examples: text: 24 Whereas a perceptual experience involves experiential consciousness of some contingent feature of reality, intuition involves experiential (albeit nonsensory) consciousness of some necessary, logical feature of reality.
ref: 2007 July 12, Harold Langsam, “Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Not sensory.
platonist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: platonists
Senses: examples: text: So attention to Quine and Putnam’s writings is important, not just to set the record straight, but because it reveals some new argumentative strategies for platonists to exploit.
ref: 2007 September 28, David Liggins, “Quine, Putnam, and the ‘Quine–Putnam’ Indispensability Argument”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of Platonist.
platonists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of platonist
unrevisable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + revisable.
Senses: examples: text: Kuhn himself had repeatedly ( 1983, 1993 ) suggested that these propositions resemble Kant’s synthetic a priori judgments, both in the sense that they cannot immediately be contraposed to experience and in that they play an ineliminable role in shaping experience itself, while denying at the same time that these principles have a fixed and unrevisable character (unlike Kant’s own synthetic a priori judgements).
ref: 2007 August 7, Lefteris Farmakis, “Did Tom Kuhn actually Meet Tom Bayes?”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: That cannot be revised.
unsheddable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + sheddable.
Senses: examples: text: The ‘implanted’ pro-attitudes are practically unsheddable.
ref: 2007 July 17, Ishtiyaque Haji, “Reflections on the Incompatibilist’s Direct Argument”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Impossible to shed or discard.
æstuary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: æstuaries
Senses: examples: text: […] yet I cannot help thinking some allusion may be made to the “Chapel of the Grune,” which in the older maps of Cumberland is marked as existing on the point of land on the western coast running into the æstuary of the Wampool, not far from Skinbumess, which forms part of Allerdale ward, below Derwent, but its history I have in vain searched for in various topographical works.
ref: 1839, Frederic Madden, “Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt”, in Syr Gawayne, pages 320–321:
glosses: Archaic spelling of estuary.
enthymemic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From enthymeme + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to enthymeme.
enthymematic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to enthymeme.
unpuzzle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: unpuzzles
form: unpuzzling
form: unpuzzled
form: unpuzzled
Etymology: From un- + puzzle.
Senses: examples: 2010, Jill Kriegel (2010), commentary on Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
It is no ordinary paradox Dickens has set himself to unpuzzle here. The whispered truth behind every syllable of the human story is the staggering fact that finite man should find himself endowed with infinite expectations.
glosses: To solve (a puzzle); to work out.
unpuzzling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unpuzzling
form: most unpuzzling
Senses: synonyms: comprehensible
glosses: Not puzzling.
unpuzzling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of unpuzzle
unpuzzled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of unpuzzle
unpuzzled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Not puzzled; not confused.
unpuzzles
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of unpuzzle
alethiological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From alethiology + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: Contrary to Searle’s paper, the distinction between reflecting on speech-acts, by using notions like “truth” and “proposition”, and performing speech-acts is nicely brought out by Siegwart’s “Alethic acts and alethiological reflection”.
ref: 2008 April 2, Robert Mößgen, “Dirk Greimann and Geo Siegwart, Truth and Speech Acts. Studies in the Philosophy of Language (=Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy, Vol. 5)”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Of or pertaining to alethiology.
Derived terms: alethiologically
centerground
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: centreground
Etymology: From center + ground.
Senses: examples: text: The farmer's wife is visible in the centerground of the painting.
text: And with Sellars’ shift to the centerground of philosophical interest, we have, all of a sudden, two such books appearing almost contemporaneously.
ref: 2008 April 3, Jaroslav Peregrin, “Book Reviews”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 131–135:
glosses: The area between foreground and background; middle distance.
centreground
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From centre + ground.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of centerground.
communicationally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: -eɪʃənəli
Etymology: From communicational + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The pragmatic and the subjectivist interpretation of what may count as communicationally or epistemically relevant semantic information coherently converge on the same conclusion, even if they come from different perspectives: had a known that i was actually a piece of misinformation she would not have asked q in order to obtain i in the first place.
ref: 2007 November 27, Luciano Floridi, “Understanding Epistemic Relevance”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 69–92:
glosses: In terms of, or by means of, communication.
completedly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more completedly
form: most completedly
Etymology: From completed + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: We assume that because we had to subjugate the land to live on it, the best farm is therefore the one most completedly tamed.
ref: 1989, J. Baird Callicott, In defense of the land ethic: essays in environmental philosophy, page 244:
text: Weak conjunctive inclusion can be used in combination with conjunctive overlap to characterize those non-explosive partial meet contractions that are completedly relational:
ref: 2008 January 3, Sven Ove Hansson, “Specified Meet Contraction”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 31–54:
glosses: completely
deflationist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfleɪʃənɪst/
Forms: form: deflationists
Etymology: From deflation + -ist.
Senses: glosses: A supporter of deflationism.
deflationists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of deflationist
revehent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: After birth, when the placental blood is cut off, blood is distributed in the liver by branches of the portal vein, which represent the advehent hepatic veins; it is collected again by branches which unite to form the revehent hepatic veins, or hepatic veins proper, and the latter open into the inferior vena cava.
ref: 1929, Frederick Randolph Bailey, Adam Marion Miller, Text-book of Embryology, page 231:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Carrying away from an organ or structure (towards the heart).
deflationism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfleɪʃənɪzəm/
Forms: form: deflationisms
Etymology: From deflation + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: In “The use of force against deflationism” they argue, against several versions of deflationism, that the concept of truth must play a substantive explanatory role in an adaquate account of assertion.
ref: 2008 April 2, Robert Mößgen, “Dirk Greimann and Geo Siegwart, Truth and Speech Acts. Studies in the Philosophy of Language (=Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy, Vol. 5)”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A theory proposing that assertions that predicate truth of a statement do not attribute a property called truth to such a statement.
deflationisms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of deflationism
erotetically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From erotetic + -ally.
Senses: examples: text: The idea of interpreting relevant information erotetically was already exploited by Cohen ( 1994 ).
ref: 2007 November 27, Luciano Floridi, “Understanding Epistemic Relevance”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 69–92:
glosses: In an erotetic manner; by means of questioning.
frequentistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more frequentistic
form: most frequentistic
Etymology: From frequent + -istic.
Senses: examples: text: Reichenbach’s main motivation for using his posits of the first kind springs from his adherence to a frequentistic theory of probability.
ref: 2008 April 4, David Atkinson, Jeanne Peijnenburg, “Reichenbach’s Posits Reposited”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 93–108:
glosses: Of or pertaining to frequentism.