cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
metanoia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɛtəˈnɔɪə/
rhymes: -ɔɪə
Forms: form: metanoias
form: metanœa
Etymology: From Ancient Greek μετάνοια (metánoia, “repentance”, literally “afterthought”), a compound of μετά (metá, “after, with”) and νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think”).
Senses: examples: text: Sadly behind the great age of rowdy self-advertisement in which their lot has fallen, they seem not to have advanced one whit beyond John the Baptist and the Apostles, 1800 years ago, in their notions of the way in which the metanoia, the change of mind of the ill-doer, is to be brought about.
ref: 1890 December 9, Thomas H. Huxley, “Letter to the "Times" on the "Darkest England Scheme"”, in Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays:
text: Metanoia is the knowledge that there can be totalities in this world totally different from what we thought. This is the sense in which metanoia is the most radical form of poiesis.
ref: 2017, Armen Avanessian, Anke Hennig, Metanoia: A Speculative Ontology of Language, Thinking, and the Brain, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 162:
synonyms: metanoete
glosses: A fundamental change of mind.
examples: text: There is therefore enthusiasm no less than resignation in an enlightened metanoia. You give up everything in the form of claims; you receive everything back in the form of a divine presence.
ref: 1948 December, George Santayana, “A Change of Heart”, in The Atlantic:
text: Ecstatic seizures are rare—they only occur in something like 1 or 2 percent of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. But the last half century has seen an enormous increase in the prevalence of other states sometimes permeated by religious joy and awe, "heavenly" visions and voices, and, not infrequently, religious conversion or metanoia.
ref: 2012 December 12, Oliver Sacks, “Seeing God in the Third Millennium”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: A spiritual or religious conversion.
raw_tags: in particular
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: A fundamental change in the human personality.
examples: text: Two months after Obama’s autocue mishap, his vice-presidential running mate Joe Biden raised a laugh when he used metanoia in his speech to the Democratic convention:
“You know, folks, that’s the America that George Bush has left us. And that’s the America we’ll continue to get if George – excuse me, if John McCain is elected president of the United States of America. Freudian slip. Freudian slip.”
ref: 2015 April 28, Martin Shovel, “I'm sorry, I'll say that again – the rhetorical trick of metanoia”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
synonyms: correctio
epanorthosis
glosses: A device used to retract a statement just made, and then state it in a better way.
Related terms: paranoia
road to Damascus
manifold
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmɛnɪˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmɛniˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmænɪˌfəʊld/
rhymes: -ænɪfoʊld
rhymes: -əʊld
Forms: form: more manifold
form: most manifold
form: manyfold
Etymology: From Middle English manifold, from Old English maniġfeald (“manifold, various, varied, complicated, numerous, abundant, plural”), from Proto-Germanic *managafalþaz, equivalent to many + -fold. Cognate with Middle High German manecvalt (“manifold”), Icelandic margfaldr (“multiple”). Compare also German mannigfaltig (“various”), Dutch menigvoudig (“various”), Danish mangefold (“multiple”), Swedish mångfald (“diversity”).
Senses: examples: text: The manifold meanings of the English word set are infamous among lexicographers.
text: [E]ch man as he receyuede grace, mynistringe ‘it in to ech other, as goode dispenderes of the manyfolde grace of God.
ref: c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume IV (in Middle English), Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, I. Peter IV:10, page 612:
english: Each man as he hath received grace, ministering it unto each other, as good dispensers of the manyfold grace of God.
translation: Each man as he hath received grace, ministering it unto each other, as good dispensers of the manyfold grace of God.
bold_translation_offsets: 94
102
text: To the intent that now vnto the principalities and powers in heauenly places, might be knowen by the church, the manifold wisedome of God, […]
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 3:10:
glosses: Various in kind, quality, or manifestation; diverse.
examples: text: And although we be vnworthy (through our manyfolde ſynnes) to offre vnto thee any Sacryfice: Yet we beſeche thee to accepte thys our bounden duetie and ſeruice: and commande theſe our prayers and ſupplicacions, by the Miniſtery of thy holy Angels, to be brought vp into thy holy Tabernacle before the ſyght of thy dyuine maieſtie: […]
ref: 1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, “The Supper of the Lorde, and the Holy Communion, Commonly Called the Masse”, in The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC, folio cxxix, recto:
glosses: Many in number; numerous.
glosses: Complicated.
Synonyms: sense: various in kind or quality
word: diverse
word: various
word: varied
word: multiplicitous
word: heterogeneous
sense: many in number
word: multiple
word: numerous
word: feelefold
word: manifold
word: many
word: manyfold
word: morefold
word: multiplicate
word: multiplied
word: numbersome
word: several
Hyponyms: word: twofold
word: threefold
word: fourfold
word: fivefold
word: sixfold
word: sevenfold
word: eightfold
word: ninefold
word: tenfold
Derived terms: manifolder
manifoldly
manifoldness
Related terms: word: a lot
word: lot
manifold
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmɛnɪˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmɛniˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmænɪˌfəʊld/
rhymes: -ænɪfoʊld
rhymes: -əʊld
Forms: form: more manifold
form: most manifold
form: manyfold
Etymology: From Middle English manifold, from Old English maniġfeald (“manifold, various, varied, complicated, numerous, abundant, plural”), from Proto-Germanic *managafalþaz, equivalent to many + -fold. Cognate with Middle High German manecvalt (“manifold”), Icelandic margfaldr (“multiple”). Compare also German mannigfaltig (“various”), Dutch menigvoudig (“various”), Danish mangefold (“multiple”), Swedish mångfald (“diversity”).
Senses: examples: text: when his daughter deare he does behold, / Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, book 1, canto 12:
text: It was found necessary to clear the entire piers from the mass of onlookers, or else the fatalities of the night would have been increased manifold.
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula:
glosses: Many times; repeatedly.
Synonyms: manyfold
frequently
ofttimes
often
manifold
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmɛnɪˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmɛniˌfoʊld/
ipa: /ˈmænɪˌfəʊld/
rhymes: -ænɪfoʊld
rhymes: -əʊld
Forms: form: manifolds
form: manifolding
form: manifolded
form: manifolded
form: manyfold
Etymology: From Middle English manifolden, from Old English maniġfealdan (“to multiply, abound, increase, extend, reward”), equivalent to many + -fold. Cognate with Middle High German manecvalten, Icelandic margfalda (“to multiply”), Swedish mångfaldiga (“to manifold, reproduce”).
Senses: glosses: To make manifold; multiply.
topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: To multiply or reproduce impressions of by a single operation.
include
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈkluːd/
ipa: /ɪnˈkluːd/
rhymes: -uːd
Forms: form: includes
form: including
form: included
form: included
form: enclude
Etymology: From Middle English includen, borrowed from Latin inclūdere (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudere (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Doublet of enclose. Displaced native Old English belūcan (“to include,” also “to shut in”).
Senses: examples: text: I will purchase the vacation package if you will include car rental.
glosses: To bring into a group, class, set, or total as a (new) part or member.
examples: text: The vacation package includes car rental.
text: Does this volume of Shakespeare include his sonnets?
text: I was included in the invitation to the family gathering.
text: up to and including page twenty-five
text: The whole included race, his purposed prey.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
text: The loss of such a lord includes all harm.
ref: c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: To consider as part of something; to comprehend.
examples: text: I could have here willingly ranged, but these straits wherein I am included will not permit.
ref: , New York, 2001, p.107
glosses: To enclose, confine.
examples: text: Come, let us go; we will include all jars / With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity.
ref: c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:
glosses: To conclude; to terminate.
examples: text: You have to include the strings library to use this function.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: To use a directive that allows the use of source code from another file.
Synonyms: word: add
word: admit
word: allow
word: bear
word: circumscribe
word: come with
word: compose
word: comprise
word: consist
word: contain
word: count
word: cover
word: embody
word: embrace
word: encircle
word: enclose
word: encompass
word: entail
word: grant
word: incorporate
word: involve
word: possess
Hypernyms: word: ownership
Derived terms: batteries-included
includability
includable
include me out
includer
includible
misinclude
preinclude
reinclude
un-include
uninclude
Related terms: word: inclusion
word: inclusive
include
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈkluːd/
ipa: /ɪnˈkluːd/
rhymes: -uːd
Forms: form: includes
form: enclude
Etymology: From Middle English includen, borrowed from Latin inclūdere (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudere (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Doublet of enclose. Displaced native Old English belūcan (“to include,” also “to shut in”).
Senses: examples: text: In the previous lesson, you learned how to use server-side includes, which enable you to easily include snippets of web pages within other web pages.
ref: 2006, Laura Lemay, Rafe Colburn, Sams Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML and CSS in One Hour a Day:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A piece of source code or other content that is dynamically retrieved for inclusion in another item.
Derived terms: include guard
included
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈkluːdɪd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of include
included
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈkluːdɪd/
Senses: examples: text: Read the included leaflet for instructions.
glosses: Provided as an accompaniment.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Enclosed, not protruding, e.g. stamens within the corolla.
Derived terms: batteries-included
includedness
lesser included offence
lesser included offense
nonincluded
unincluded
raw
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: rô
ipa: /ɹɔː/
rhymes: -ɔː
enpr: rô
ipa: /ɹɔ/
enpr: rä
ipa: /ɹɑ/
homophone: roar (non-rhotic)
homophone: rah (cot–caught merger)
Etymology: From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hrēwaz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Swedish rå (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian кровь (krovʹ, “blood”). Related also to Old English hrēow, hrēoh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree.
Senses: examples: text: We did it raw.
text: You know what I be on, I'm about to go raw
ref: 2020, “What You Know Bout Love”, performed by Pop Smoke:
topics: lifestyle
sex
sexuality
glosses: Without a condom.
Synonyms: sense: without a condom
word: condomless
raw
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rô
ipa: /ɹɔː/
rhymes: -ɔː
enpr: rô
ipa: /ɹɔ/
enpr: rä
ipa: /ɹɑ/
homophone: roar (non-rhotic)
homophone: rah (cot–caught merger)
Forms: form: raws
Etymology: From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hrēwaz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Swedish rå (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian кровь (krovʹ, “blood”). Related also to Old English hrēow, hrēoh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree.
Senses: examples: text: With the recent advance in London yellow crystals, however, the disproportion of the relative value of these two kinds has been considerably reduced, and a better demand for crystallized raws should consequently occur.
ref: 1800, Louisiana Sugar Planters' Association, Lousiana Sugar Chemists' Association, American Cane Growers' Association, The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, volume 22, page 287:
text: Early in the year the raws were melted to about 20 Brix in order to facilitate filtration.
ref: 1921, “The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry”, in American Chemical Society, Volume 13, Part 1, page 149:
text: The world sugar contract closed 1 to 3 points net higher, with sales of only 36 lots. London raws sold at 8s. 4½d., and futures there were unchanged to 3d. higher.
ref: 1939, The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Volume 148, Part 2, page 2924:
qualifier: sugar refining; sugar trade; sugar refining; sugar trade
glosses: An unprocessed sugar; a batch of such.
glosses: A galled place; an inveterate sore.
examples: text: In a moment Tom was angry. The women saw that Bill had touched him upon the raw, and they went out of the room to prepare a meal.
ref: 1934, Harold Heslop, Goaf, page 29:
glosses: A point about which a person is particularly sensitive.
topics: anime
broadcasting
film
lifestyle
media
television
glosses: A recording or rip of a show that has not been fansubbed.
topics: manga
glosses: A scan that has not been cleaned (purged of blemishes arising from the scanning process) and has not been scanlated.
raw
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rô
ipa: /ɹɔː/
rhymes: -ɔː
enpr: rô
ipa: /ɹɔ/
enpr: rä
ipa: /ɹɑ/
homophone: roar (non-rhotic)
homophone: rah (cot–caught merger)
Forms: form: raws
form: rawing
form: rawed
form: rawed
Etymology: From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hrēwaz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Swedish rå (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian кровь (krovʹ, “blood”). Related also to Old English hrēow, hrēoh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree.
Senses: glosses: To sexually penetrate without a condom.
muggle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌɡl̩/
ipa: /ˈmʌɡ(ə)l/
rhymes: -ʌɡəl
Forms: form: muggles
form: muggling
form: muggled
form: muggled
Etymology: See Muggle. The verb sense (“to deface a geocache”) derives from the fact that people interfering with such items are assumed not to be geocachers: see the noun sense 1.2.1.
Senses: examples: text: Okay, September 3. That was just last Monday—Labor Day—so the geocache had been muggled sometime during the past week.
ref: 2010, Katy Grant, chapter 1, in Hide and Seek, 1st trade paperback edition, Atlanta, Ga.: Peachtree Publishers, published 2012, →ISBN, page 14:
text: Stolen or vandalized geocaches are termed "muggled" or "plundered".
ref: [2012, Allison Bruning, “Geocatching:^([sic – meaning Geocaching]) A Modern Day Treasure Hunt”, in Reflections: Poems and Essays, [Bloomington, Ind.?]: Mountain Springs House, →ISBN, page 118:
text: We returned the cache to its original place and left it just as we'd found it. If a cache is interfered with, it's deemed to have been "muggled" and this is severely frowned upon by the Geochaching^([sic]) community.
ref: 2015 June 29, Dom Joy, “Dom Joly’s family geocaching treasure hunt in Spain and Portugal”, in The Independent, London: Independent News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 06 Sep 2015:
glosses: To deface, destroy, or remove a geocache.
muggle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌɡl̩/
ipa: /ˈmʌɡ(ə)l/
rhymes: -ʌɡəl
Forms: form: muggles
form: muggling
form: muggled
form: muggled
Etymology: Origin unknown; attested in Berkshire, Devonshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Lancashire, Somersetshire, Staffordshire, the West Country, Wiltshire, and Yorkshire in the United Kingdom. The word is possibly a variant of muddle.
Senses: examples: text: And zo thay muggled along, 'till tha volks all begun to make giame on them.
ref: 1872, Agrikler [pseudonym; Joseph Edwards], “Tha Man as Coodent Plaze Nubbody”, in Rhymes in the West of England Dialect. […], 2nd edition, Bristol, Somerset: Leech and Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 39:
text: I might have a made out to muggle along if so be Mister Jolly would a rised my wages, or the Union could a kept on taken care o' this last poor little un, till sich time as I might a married some'un to keep the childern tidy; [...]
ref: 1873, [Edward Jenkins], “Justices’ Justice and Statutes at Large”, in Little Hodge, author’s edition, New York, N.Y.: Dodd & Mead, […], →OCLC, page 102:
text: She might truly be said "to muggle along;" everything in her house was in the greatest state of confusion, and, it must be added, dirt.
ref: 1877 May, [Frances Hariott Wood], “The Old Red School-house”, in W[illiam] Meynell Whittemore, editor, Sunshine for 1877. […], number 185, London: William Poole, […], →OCLC, chapter VI (Widow Lawrence’s Story), page 77, column 2:
text: He rose to no eminence and got through life somehow, ‘muggled along,’ as Somersetshire people say.
ref: 1889, [John Hutton Balfour Browne], “Popular”, in Times and Days: Being Essays in Romance and History, London; New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 28:
text: MUGGLE, [...] To muddle along, to live in a muddling, haphazard way.
ref: [1903, “MUGGLE, v.¹ and sb.²”, in Joseph Wright, editor, The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume IV (M–Q), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 195, column 1:
text: "He has whiskers and whuskers but no wapers; / He whiffles and whaffles and muggles along;" / Thus ran the headlines of the morning papers; / The reporters all put to sea in a flong.
ref: 1934, Margaret, Lady Rhondda, editor, Time and Tide, volume 15, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1016, column 1:
text: [T]he tractor struggles and muggles through the overgrown tour path, the tall grass whispers on the bottom of our cage, [...]
ref: 2010 October, Paul Tremblay, “Tour: Slipshod Safari”, in We Will Never Live in the Castle, Toronto, Ont.: ChiZine Publications, published April 2013, →ISBN:
glosses: Often followed by along: to live or work in an unorganized and unplanned way; to muddle along.
est
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛst/
rhymes: -ɛst
Forms: form: ests
form: este
Etymology: From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour”), from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).
Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”).
Senses: glosses: Grace; favour.
est
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛst/
rhymes: -ɛst
Forms: form: est.
Senses: examples: text: Acme Manufacturing Inc., est 1952
text: Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker
ref: 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:
glosses: Abbreviation of established.
Derived terms: re-est
est
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛst/
rhymes: -ɛst
Forms: form: EST
form: Est
Senses: glosses: Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.
ex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛks/
rhymes: -ɛks
Forms: form: exes
Etymology: From Latin ex.
Senses: examples: text: Thus first C checks to see if ex and wye are equal. The resulting value of 1 or 0 (true or false) then is compared to the value of zee.
ref: 1984 Waite, Prata & Martin, C (Computer Program Language), p. 190
glosses: The name of the Latin-script letter X/x.
Derived terms: exray
ex-ray
ex
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛks/
rhymes: -ɛks
Forms: form: exes
form: exing
form: exed
form: exed
Etymology: From the fact that crossing something out often results in the shape of the letter X.
Senses: related: word: X#Verb
glosses: To delete; to cross out.
examples: text: You upset cuz your friend got exed
I got pissed cuz my bro got knifed
ref: 2023 June 12, “Mission Complete”, Tapeoff X Trapfit (Harlem Spartans) (lyrics), 0:57:
synonyms: word: annihilate
word: bag
word: baptize
word: bereave of life
word: blight
word: bring down
word: bump off
word: bury
word: cack
word: compromised to a permanent end
word: croak
word: crush
word: dash
word: deactivate
word: dead
word: demolish
word: destroy
word: dispatch
word: dispose of
word: do
word: do in
word: dust
word: eliminate
word: end
word: eradicate
word: ex
word: exterminate
word: finish
word: finish off
word: flatten
word: grease
word: knock off
word: lay waste to
word: make away with
word: mortify
word: neutralize
word: obliterate
word: off
word: pay off
word: pick off
word: polish off
word: pop off
word: punch someone's ticket
word: put an end to
word: put down
word: put someone out of their misery
word: put six feet under
word: put to sleep
word: ravage
word: rub out
word: ruin
word: scotch
word: scupper
word: scuttle
word: send to eternity
word: send to hell
word: send to the grave
word: send to the great beyond
word: send to the next life
word: slay
word: slaughter
word: smash
word: smite
word: snuff
word: squash
word: stiff
word: stop someone's clock
word: take
word: terminate
word: terminate with extreme prejudice
word: top off
word: top
word: torpedo
word: take care of
word: take down
word: take out
word: waste
word: wax
word: wet
word: whack
word: wipe out
word: wreck
glosses: To extinguish the life of.
ex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛks/
rhymes: -ɛks
Forms: form: exes
Etymology: Standalone use of prefix ex-.
Senses: examples: text: My friend has an ex who now lives abroad.
text: Her ex is still sending her flowers, even though she has moved on.
text: "It's going to be a lovely party!" said Kay. "Nevile and I, and Nevile's Ex, and some Malayan planter who's home on leave."
ref: 1944, Agatha Christie, Towards Zero:
text: Two sheriff’s offices in the South are offering up a Valentine’s Day deal for those who have exes with colorful histories.
ref: 2021 February 13, Lauren M. Johnson, “Two Southern sheriff’s offices are offering Valentine’s Day deal for exes”, in CNN:
text: Seek so much as a kernel of advice on the internet in 2024 about conflicts in a relationship, a situationship or even an affair, and you may find yourself inundated with recommendations to "stand on business." A Hinge match asks to reschedule your first date with 30 minutes' notice? Stand on business. Your ex continues to hit you up months after the breakup? Stand on business.
ref: 2024 January 18, Gina Cherelus, “TikTok Is 'Standing on Business.' What Does That Mean?”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 Feb 2024:
glosses: A former partner or spouse; an ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife, or ex-husband.
ex
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛks/
rhymes: -ɛks
Etymology: Standalone use of prefix ex-.
Senses: glosses: Ex-, former, previously but no longer.
glosses: Ex-, former, previously but no longer.
My algebra II teacher's dad is an ex PE teacher at the same school.
My algebra II teacher's dad is an ex PE teacher at the same school.
ex
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛks/
rhymes: -ɛks
Etymology: From Latin ex (“out of, from”); originated as a telegraphic abbreviation.
Senses: examples: text: When between the station and the junction I was looking to the rear of the train on the near side, thinking it possible that we might receive a signal from the guard to shunt at Swindon junction to allow the 2.27 a.m. fast train ex Derby to pass, but the guard did not give any signal
ref: 1885, F. A. Marindin, quoting Arthur Oakes, edited by Henry G. Calcraft, Annual Reports, Returns, Etc, Midland Railway - inquiry into the causes of a collision at Swinton station, page 96:
text: The train was the 12.40 p.m. ex Derby on January 14th, 1914
ref: 1921, John Hope Fellows, editor, The Locomotive News and Railway Contractor, Volumes 8-10, Locomotive news agency, page 34:
text: All trains from start of service up to the 13.57 ex Norwich (16.45 ex Nottingham) are 4 cars between Nottingham and Liverpool and all East bound trains are 4 cars from Liverpool Lime Street as far as Nottingham.
ref: 2003 February 11, "Fat Richard", “Re: Chiltern not stopping at Warwick Parkway”, in uk.railway (Usenet), retrieved 11 Jun 2018, message-ID <2a1e76b8-185c-4b27-a8d2-6f3f3331f6cd@dp10g2000vbb.googlegroups.com>:
text: The outward timing is: Ashford International railway station (domestic side) *departs at 09.25hrs* (connecting with the 07.32 ex Brighton *Marshlink* train and, 08.37 ex London St. Pancras International *HS1* train)
ref: 2016 March 17, Derek Jones, “South East Bus Festival, Detling, 2 April 2016”, in Invicta Newsgroup (Usenet), retrieved 11 Jun 2018, message-ID <CAJ9GgXJNSabs=QsEzzf-tCXQcXPdZyRZgiEtk9J3e8ToRs+ctg@mail.gmail.com>:
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: the place the train originated from or called at prior to the present location.
raw_tags: of a train
ex
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛks/
rhymes: -ɛks
Forms: form: more ex
form: most ex
Etymology: Clipping of expensive.
Senses: examples: text: It's too ex.
glosses: expensive, dear
ex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛks/
rhymes: -ɛks
Senses: glosses: Clipping of exhibition.
Related terms: sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: cum-ex
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: dea ex machina
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: deus ex machina
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex abundante cautela
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex ante
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-ante
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex cathedra
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex cetera
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex contractu
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex copula
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex delicto
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex dividend
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex facie
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex falso quod libet
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex gratia
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex hypothesi
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex juris
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-lap
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-lax fish
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-libris
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex negativo
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex nihilo
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex nihilo nihil fit
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex nunc
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-officialex-post
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex officio
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex opere operato
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex parte
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex post
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex post facto
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex professo
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex proprio motu
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex proprio vigore
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex rerum natura
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex situ
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-stock
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex stock
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex tempore
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex testamento
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex tunc
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex vi termini
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex vitro
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex vivo
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-voto
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex wife
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: ex-Yu
sense: other terms containing the word "ex"
word: vaticinium ex eventu
deciduous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.ʊ.əs/
ipa: /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.u.əs/
Etymology: From Latin dēciduus (“falling down or off”), from dēcidō (“fall down”).
Senses: examples: text: In the Hippoidea there is generally the full series of 44 teeth, but the first premolar is often deciduous or wanting in the lower or in both jaws.
ref: 1911, Richard Lydekker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Equidae:
topics: anatomy
biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
antonyms: persistent
permanent
glosses: Describing a part that falls off, or is shed, at a particular time or stage of development.
examples: text: . Compare caducous.
text: a deciduous tree
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
antonyms: evergreen
sempervirent
synonyms: perdifoil
glosses: Of or pertaining to trees which lose their leaves in winter or the dry season.
glosses: Transitory, ephemeral, not lasting.
Derived terms: brevideciduous
deciduosity
deciduous camellia
deciduous holly
deciduously
deciduousness
deciduous tooth
deciduous winterberry
indeciduous
nondeciduous
semideciduous
subdeciduous
undeciduous
Related terms: decay
decadence
decidence
evergreen
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/
enpr: ěvʹərgrēn
ipa: /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/
ipa: /ˈevəɡɹiːn/
Etymology: From ever + green.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: nondeciduous
text: ...these three little creeping vines put forth their hands with joy, and spread over rock and hillock and twisted tree-root and mouldering log, in cloaks and scarves and wreaths of tiny evergreen, glossy leaves.
ref: 1902, Henry Van Dyke, The Blue Flower:
synonyms: word: sempervirent
word: still-green
antonyms: deciduous
glosses: Of plants, especially trees, that do not shed their leaves seasonally.
glosses: Continually fresh or self-renewing.
Being a clause which causes an automatic renewal of a contract unless action is taken.
qualifier: contracts
examples: text: Chrome and Firefox are evergreen browsers: they update automatically and version numbers are only used for internal reference.
ref: 2014, Peter Gasston, Book of CSS3, 2nd Edition: A Developer's Guide to the Future of Web Design, No Starch Press, →ISBN, page 257:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Continually fresh or self-renewing.
Of a document, a piece of software, or a data set: kept continually up to date (as opposed to being published at regular intervals and outdated in the meantime)
examples: text: Another change in the news was emphasis on “evergreen” features involving attractive children or animals, parades or fireworks, as well as local developments.
ref: 2001, Christopher H Sterling, John M Kittross, Stay Tuned, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, page 654:
topics: broadcasting
media
synonyms: timeless
glosses: Suitable for transmission at any time; not urgent or time-dependent.
Derived terms: Chinese evergreen magnolia
everblack
evergreenery
evergreen industry
evergreenness
evergreen oak
evergreen wood fern
half-evergreen
nonevergreen
semi-evergreen
semievergreen
evergreen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/
enpr: ěvʹərgrēn
ipa: /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/
ipa: /ˈevəɡɹiːn/
Forms: form: evergreens
Etymology: From ever + green.
Senses: examples: text: The lawn before them was gay with evergreens, relieved by the first few flowers and fresh turf of the reviving Spring; […]
ref: 1838, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter I, in Alice or The Mysteries […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book I, page 3:
text: Husband and wife walked till they had reached the house they were in search of, which stood in a terrace facing the sea, and was fronted by a small garden of wind-proof and salt-proof evergreens, stone steps leading up to the porch.
ref: 1912, Thomas Hardy, “An Imaginative Woman”, in Life’s Little Ironies […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 5:
glosses: A shrub or tree that does not shed its leaves or needles seasonally.
examples: text: The spruce and fir trees crowded to the track on each side to welcome us, the arbor- vitae, with its changing leaves, prompted us to make haste, and the sight of the canoe-birch gave us spirits to do so. Sometimes an evergreen just fallen lay across the track with its rich burden of cones, looking, still, fuller of life than our trees in the most favorable positions.
ref: 1858, Henry David Thoreau, The Maine Woods:
text: Deep down in Louisiana, close to New Orleans, / Way back up in the woods among the evergreens, / There stood a log cabin made of earth and wood / Where lived a country boy named Johnny B. Goode
ref: 1958 March 31, Chuck Berry, “Johnny B. Goode”, performed by Chuck Berry:
glosses: A conifer tree.
qualifier: mass media
glosses: A news story that can be published or broadcast at any time.
Derived terms: Chinese evergreen
evergreen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/
enpr: ěvʹərgrēn
ipa: /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/
ipa: /ˈevəɡɹiːn/
Forms: form: evergreens
form: evergreening
form: evergreened
form: evergreened
Etymology: From ever + green.
Senses: topics: intellectual-property
law
medicine
patent-law
pharmaceuticals
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: To extend the term of a patent beyond the normal legal limit, usually through repeated small modifications.
topics: banking
business
glosses: To set the repayment rate of a loan at or below the interest rate, so low that the principal will never be repaid.
auf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɔːf/
rhymes: -ɔːf
Forms: form: aufs
form: awf
form: oaf
form: ouph
form: ouphe
form: oph
Etymology: Apparently of North Germanic origin, compare Danish alf, Swedish alf, alv, Old Norse alfr (“elf”). Doublet of alf, elf, and oaf.
Senses: examples: text: Say that the Fayrie left this Aulfe,
And tooke away the other.
ref: 1605, Michael Drayton, “Battaile of Agincourt”, in Poems Lyric and Pastoral:
glosses: A changeling or elf child; a child left by fairies.
glosses: A deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an oaf.
canyon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kănʹ-yən
ipa: /ˈkænjən/
ipa: /ˈkæɲən/
rhymes: -ænjən
Forms: form: canyons
form: cañon
form: cañón
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish cañón. Doublet of cannon.
Senses: examples: text: After we have crossed the Glenderamackin stream, which drains the northern slopes of Saddleback, and the latter has united with the St. John's Beck to form the Greta, however, we see ahead the miniature canyon the Greta has hollowed out for itself, and into the depth of which the train now descends.
ref: 1961 October, Voyageur, “The Cockermouth, Keswick & Penrith Railway”, in Trains Illustrated, page 601:
text: Snow filled her mouth. She caromed off things she never saw, tumbling through a cluttered canyon like a steel marble falling through pins in a pachinko machine.
ref: 2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Times:
synonyms: word: gorge
word: dale
word: dalles
word: gulch
word: ravine
word: vale
word: valley
word: valley
word: combe
word: dale
word: dell
word: slade
word: vale
glosses: A valley, especially a long, narrow, steep valley, cut in rock by a river.
Derived terms: box canyon
Canyon City
Canyon County
Canyon Diablo
canyoned
canyoneer
canyoneering
canyoner
canyoning
Canyon Lake
canyonland
Canyonlands
canyonless
canyonlike
canyon oak
canyon wren
concrete canyon
Copper Canyon
downcanyon
Grand Canyon
Keams Canyon
Marble Canyon
Muerto Canyon
Muerto Canyon hantavirus
Muerto Canyon virus
Pasture Canyon
precanyon
slot canyon
upcanyon
Willow Canyon
yodel in the canyon
canyon
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kănʹ-yən
ipa: /ˈkænjən/
ipa: /ˈkæɲən/
rhymes: -ænjən
Forms: form: canyons
form: canyoning
form: canyoned
form: canyoned
form: cañon
form: cañón
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish cañón. Doublet of cannon.
Senses: glosses: Of water, liquid, or another substance, to flow in or into a canyon.
barranca
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /bəˈɹæŋkə/
Forms: form: barrancas
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish barranca.
Senses: examples: text: “Well: hardly,” said the Consul, softly as before, casting a suspicious eye for his part in the other direction at some maguey growing beyond the barranca, like a battalion moving up a slope under machine-gun fire.
ref: 1947, Malcolm Lowry, Under the Volcano, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, page 138:
text: Have you ever been south of Monterey? / Barrancas carve the coastline / And the chaparral flows to the sea / 'Neath waves of golden sunshine
ref: 1973, Al Jardine, “California Saga (California)”, in Holland, performed by The Beach Boys:
text: […]his hero, the Consul, is shot and thrown down the barranca followed by a dead dog.
ref: 1994, Gordon Bowker, Pursued by Furies: A Life of Malcolm Lowry:
glosses: A steep-sided gulch or arroyo; a canyon or ravine.
doppelgänger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: doppelgängers
Senses: examples: text: Robin’s doppelgänger looked Robin up and down for a moment, then seemed to come to a decision.
ref: 2022, R. F. Kuang, Babel, HarperVoyager, page 67:
glosses: Alternative spelling of doppelganger.
doppelganger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒp(ə)lˌɡɛŋə/
ipa: /-ˌɡæŋə/
ipa: /ˈdɑp(ə)lˌɡɛŋəɹ/
ipa: /-ˌɡæŋəɹ/
Forms: form: doppelgangers
form: doppelgänger
Etymology: Borrowed from German Doppelgänger (“ghostly spirit”, literally “double-walker”).
Senses: examples: text: "An orderly let out the news that you are here," she said. "But don't worry. We've sent out a doppelganger to fool the Sons, and the orderly has been sentenced to slavery under the pyramid builder for twenty lifetimes. I hate my brother! How dare he fight us with the sky falling?"
ref: 1963, Lester del Rey, The Sky Is Falling:
synonyms: double
doubleganger
glosses: A ghostly double of a living person, especially one that haunts such a person.
synonyms: alter ego
glosses: An evil twin.
examples: text: Stars in Their Eyes ran for 16 years from 1990, and had the "wow" factor moment of transforming a pub singer into their idol, as the contestant said the famous words: "Tonight Matthew, I'm going to be…" and then stepped out from a puff of dry ice as their musical doppelganger.
ref: 2021 September 15, Laura Martin, “How talent shows became TV's most bizarre programmes”, in BBC:
text: He had come tantalisingly close to his doppelganger on Thursday night when a beautiful burgundy boat cruised past him. “He saw me and I waved and he gave me a thumbs-up,” said Halicilar. “I was so happy. I cried.”
ref: 2025 June 27, Sam Jones, “Till Jeff us do part: divisive, star-studded Bezos wedding hits full swing in Venice”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
synonyms: lookalike
alter ego
glosses: A remarkably similar double.
topics: fantasy
glosses: A monster that takes the forms of people, usually after killing them.
Related terms: doubleganger
poltergeist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpoʊl.tɚˌɡaɪst/
ipa: /ˈpɒl.tə.ɡaɪst/
ipa: /ˈpəʊl.təˌɡaɪst/
Forms: form: poltergeists
form: poltergeister
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from German Poltergeist, from poltern (“to rumble”) + Geist (“ghost”). Cognate with English boulder and ghost.
Senses: examples: text: A poltergeist haunts the house by moving objects around, making chain-rattling noises and throwing things.
text: The chapel is haunted by a demonic poltergeist.
text: "Perhaps even a small poltergeist might come your way. Any trifle would be welcome." His bull's bellow of laughter followed them into the lift.
ref: 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
text: I risk becoming nothing more than a common poltergeist wallowing in regrets and introspection and other terrible things.
ref: 2013, Kazerad, Aggy: Approach, in: Prequel -or- Making a Cat Cry: The Adventure (webcomic), November 22 2013
topics: parapsychology
pseudoscience
glosses: An unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about.
Derived terms: poltergeistic
poltergeistism
poltergeistlike
poltergeisty
poltergoose
ghost
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡəʊst/
ipa: /ɡoʊst/
text: -
text: -
ipa: /ɡɐʉst/
note: Indic, spelling pronunciation
ipa: /ɡʱosʈ/
rhymes: -əʊst
Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English gost, from Old English gāst, gǣst (“breath, spirit, soul, ghost”) (compare modern English Holy Ghost), from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysdos, from *ǵʰéysd- (“anger, agitation”).
The h in the spelling appears in the Prologue to William Caxton’s Royal Book, printed in 1484, in a reference to the “Holy Ghoost”. It was likely influenced by Middle Dutch gheest, a common variant of geest. Both Caxton and his assistant Wynkyn de Worde had connections to the Low Countries. Doublet of geist.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun. The verb gained prominence in the 2010s.
cognates
* Danish gast (“ghost”), gejst (“enthusiasm”)
* Dutch geest (“ghost, spirit”)
* German Geist (“ghost, spirit”)
* Luxembourgish Geescht (“ghost, spirit, spectre, phantom”)
* Saterland Frisian Gäist, Jeest (“ghost, spirit”)
* Scots gaist, ghaist (“ghost”)
* Swedish gast (“ghost”)
* Vilamovian gȧjst (“ghost, spirit”)
* West Frisian geast (“ghost, spirit”)
* Yiddish גײַסט (gayst, “ghost, spirit”)
* Yola gaast (“ghost”)
Senses: examples: text: Thug held up a middle finger. "A'ight y'all. I'm ghost."
ref: 2007, Abiola Abrams, Dare, page 296:
text: But I don't see no competition in the game and I'm pissing on it
If it ain't about the family, then I'm ghost and that's a promise
ref: 2019, “Going Through It” (track 6), in Ignorance Is Bliss, performed by Skepta:
qualifier: African-American Vernacular
glosses: In the form be ghost: not present or involved; absent, gone.
Geist
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Geists
Etymology: Borrowed from German Geist.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
puritan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpjʊə.ɹɪ.tən/
ipa: /ˈpjɔː-/
ipa: /ˈpjʊ.ɹɪ.tən/
ipa: /ˈpjɜ-/
Forms: form: puritans
Etymology: See Puritan.
Senses: examples: text: These new puritans have turned out to be surprisingly unskilled and inexperienced - very different from my generation who invented wife-swapping, orgies and free love in the late Sixties and early Seventies.
ref: 2016 August 5, Janet Street-Porter, “Anxious young people may be having less sex than ever before, but we baby boomers are still obsessed with it”, in The Independent:
glosses: A puritanical person.
puritan
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpjʊə.ɹɪ.tən/
ipa: /ˈpjɔː-/
ipa: /ˈpjʊ.ɹɪ.tən/
ipa: /ˈpjɜ-/
Forms: form: more puritan
form: most puritan
Etymology: See Puritan.
Senses: synonyms: prude
puritanical
glosses: Acting or behaving according to the Puritan morals (e.g. propagating modesty), especially with regard to pleasure, nudity and sex; ascetic.
Related terms: purifur
puriteen
puri-teen
puritanical
Puritanism
purity
pretext
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹiːtɛkst/
rhymes: -iːtɛkst
Forms: form: pretexts
Etymology: From Latin praetextum (“an ornament, etc., wrought in front, a pretense”), neuter of praetextus, past participle of praetexere (“to weave before, fringe or border, allege”).
Senses: examples: text: The reporter called the company on the pretext of trying to resolve a consumer complaint.
text: [T]hey would ſay [...] that I had quarrell'd / My brother purpoſely, thereby to finde / An apt pretext, to baniſh them my houſe.
ref: 1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 21:
text: "After all," said the Chevalier, "these portraits—Madame de I'Hôpital's fortune-telling—the pleasure we take in a lover or a physician—may all be referred to the same cause,—we do so enjoy talking about ourselves; and yet we feel some sort of excuse necessary. It must be admitted, that we are ready in pretexts."
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 69:
text: On every kind of pretext she would run away from work [...]
ref: 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
text: The smallest incidents were to serve as pretexts for demonstrations of force and for demands for indemnities and reparations which increased China's subjection.
ref: 1996, Jacques Gernet, translated by J. R. Foster and Charles Hartman, A History of Chinese Civilization, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 580:
text: When that metaphor proves untenable, he switches to insisting that women are like beer but that’s mainly as a pretext to drink until he passes out in a father-son bonding haze.
ref: 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “The Simpsons (Classic): ‘New Kid on the Block’ [season 4, episode 8; originally aired 12 November 1992]”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 18 Sep 2020:
glosses: A false, contrived, or assumed purpose or reason; a pretense.
Synonyms: word: alibi
word: canard
word: excuse
word: plea
word: pretense
word: pretension
word: pretext
word: zhuangbility
Related terms: word: fake