battery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæt.(ə)ɹi/
note: except sense 2
ipa: /ˈbæt͡ʃɹi/
ipa: /ˈbæt.əɹi/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈbaʈ.(ə)ri/
rhymes: -ætəɹi
rhymes: -ætɹi
Forms: form: batteries
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”), from Gaulish. Doublet of batterie. By surface analysis, batter + -y.
The sense “electric battery” was coined by American polymath Benjamin Franklin by analogy with a military battery that his series of Leyden jars resembled.
Senses: examples: text: alkaline battery
text: sodium-ion battery
text: lead-acid battery
text: His flashlight takes two AA batteries.
text: His car takes a 550-CCA lead-acid battery.
text: For GMRS [General Mobile Radio Service], rechargeable packs alone do not provide the flexibility that user replaceable batteries can. For instance, once the pack is discharged, it must be placed in the charger and recharged, which can take from one to several hours, leaving you unable to use your radio until the pack is recharged unless you have purchased an extra pack. Extra battery packs are bulky and pricey. With radios using replaceable AA and AAA batteries, you never have to worry about recharging or buying extra packs. You can carry charged replacement batteries in your pocket, purse, or bag, and in an emergency you can even go to a store and buy some alkaline batteries so you can be up and running again.
ref: 2010, Phillip J. Boucher, The Complete Guide to Canada's General Mobile Radio Service, Phillip J. Boucher, →ISBN, page 42:
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A device used to power electric devices, consisting of one or more electrically connected electrochemical cells or (archaically) electrostatic cells.
examples: text: Her phone needs a new battery because its present battery no longer holds a charge well.
text: 1749 Benjamin Franklin, letter to Peter Collinson
Upon this We made what we call’d an Electrical Battery, consisting of eleven Panes of large Sash Glass, arm’d with thin leaden Plates, pasted on each Side...
A Turky is to be killed for our Dinners by the Electrical Shock; and roasted by the electrical Jack, before a Fire kindled by the Electrified Bottle; when the Healths of all the Famous Electricians in England, France and Germany, are to be drank in Electrified Bumpers, under the Discharge of Guns from the Electrical Battery.
text: [For his experiments with electricity,] Benjamin Franklin utilized Leyden jars and referred to several jars hooked together as a battery (after a "battery" of cannon).
ref: 2012, John Karsnitz et al., Engineering Design: An Introduction, page 364:
text: [The voltage of a single cell is] too low for most applications [... so] a series of cells will be used to obtain the desired voltage – a "battery" of cells, in the strictest sense of the term.
ref: 2012, Christian Glaize, Sylvie Genies, Lead and Nickel Electrochemical Batteries, page 6:
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A device used to power electric devices, consisting of one or more electrically connected electrochemical cells or (archaically) electrostatic cells.
Such a device that has multiple cells.
qualifier: strictly
examples: text: Her phone did not have enough battery for another phone call.
text: A: How much battery do you have left? B: Only 63%.
glosses: The energy stored in such a device.
examples: text: Holonym: assault and battery
text: […] A battery is the actual infliction of unlawful personal violence. […] [The defendant] fell to the ground and lashed out with his feet and in doing so kicked the hand of one of the police officers, fracturing a bone. He was charged with assault […] although this was a battery.
ref: 2003, Mike Molan, Modern Criminal Law, 5th edition, 7.2.2-3, pages 221–222:
text: He offered three types of battery for which Mr. Trump might be liable under New York law: rape, sexual abuse and forcible touching.
ref: 2023 May 9, Lola Fadulu, “New York law gave jurors three types of battery to consider in the Trump case.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: An order asserted itself, and the hoods on the furnaces were oped wide, and a final march was organized. The wails of the injured and the roars of the dead-on-the-march overwhelmed the tinny speakers in the cell, and they all watched as nearly one thousand people reduced themselves to a few frantic hundred in less than an hour, then settled into a sustained orgy of battery, rapine and rape with no end in sight but the total depopulation of the entire facility.
ref: 2024 September 28, Harry Blank, “Not Ready for Prime Time”, in Deadlined, →ISBN, page 604:
topics: law
hypernyms: violence
related: word: assault
coordinate_terms: assault
glosses: The infliction of unlawful physical violence on a person, legally distinguished from assault, which involves the threat of impending violence.
examples: text: Outside the ancient fort, you can still see worn areas in the stone where the batteries were once placed.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A coordinated group of artillery weapons, with any of various numbers of guns.
examples: text: They sent four batteries southward in an attempt to shore up the defenses around the depot.
text: the marines had six 8-inch howitzers, eight 4.2-inch mortars, and three 105-mm howitzer batteries, each with six pieces.
ref: 2005, Barry Leonard, Field Artillery in Military Operations Other Than War, page 20:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A coordinated group of artillery weapons, with any of various numbers of guns.
Such a group of a certain size (number of guns and artillerists), within a schema of military unit organization.
examples: text: The construction of advanced batteries mirrored that of those built along the line of circumvallation. [...] Although Mahan demanded that batteries be constructed to exacting dimensions and revetted with gabions, fascines, and sandbags, at Vicksburg the resources at hand determined what materials soldiers used to build what they termed artillery "forts".
ref: 2015, Justin S. Solonick, Engineering Victory: The Union Siege of Vicksburg, pages 142–143:
text: such forts being so contrived as to have two or three batteries, one higher than the other, furnished with many cannon.
ref: 1780, John Robertson et al., The Elements of Navigation, page 53:
text: His grand battery was as badly provided with cannon as his little battery, for not a single gun was mounted on either.
ref: 1776, Charles Carroll, Brantz Mayer, Journal of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, page 97:
text: On this wharf [Tower Bridge wharf] there is a long and beautiful platform, on which are planted 61 pieces of cannon [...] Devil's Battery, where is also a platform, on which are mounted seven pieces of cannon, although on the battery itself there are only five.
ref: 1766, John Entick, A New and Accurate History and Survey of London, page 337:
glosses: An elevated platform on which cannon could be placed.
examples: text: Schoolchildren take a battery of standard tests to measure their progress.
glosses: An array of similar things.
examples: text: ‘Do you know how battery chickens live?’
ref: 2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 403:
glosses: A set of small cages where hens are kept for the purpose of farming their eggs.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The catcher and the pitcher together
topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: Two or more pieces working together on the same rank, file, or diagonal
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A marching percussion ensemble; the section of the drumline that marches on the field during a performance.
examples: text: in battery
text: out of battery
text: In this circumstance, you will have to rack the slide to get back in battery.
glosses: The state of a firearm or cannon when it is possible to be fired.
glosses: Apparatus for preparing or serving meals.
Hyponyms: A23 battery
AAAA cell battery
AAA cell battery
AA cell battery
A battery
accessory battery
alkaline battery
atomic battery
automobile battery
automotive battery
B battery
biobattery
car battery
C battery
counterbattery
D battery
diagonal battery
dry cell battery
flow battery
jackass battery
leisure battery
linear battery
lithium battery
lithium ion battery
lithium-ion battery
lithium titanate oxide battery
local battery
LTO battery
magnetic battery
mignon battery
nanobattery
nuclear battery
Planté battery
PP3 battery
sand battery
social battery
sodium-ion battery
solar battery
stamp battery
starter battery
storage battery
suicide battery
superbattery
thermobattery
traction battery
voltaic battery
watch battery
water battery
zinc-carbon battery
Derived terms: antibattery
assault and battery
batteried
batteries-included
battery acid
battery-backed
battery booster
battery cage
battery cell
battery charger
battery-electric
battery electric multiple unit
battery electric vehicle
battery hen
battery-included
batteryless
battery life
batterylike
battery mate
battery-operated
battery pack
battery power
battery-powered
change one's battery
counter-battery
cross-battery
electric battery
in battery
lithium battery
nonbattery
out of battery
out-of-battery
recharge one's battery
unmask one's batteries
Related terms: accumulator
assault