cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
humdrum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌmdɹʌm/
Forms: form: humdrums
Etymology: Possible reduplication of hum, 1550s.
Senses: examples: text: I think it helped distract us from the dry, humdrum, and heat of the here and now.
ref: 2010, Clare Vanderpool, Moon Over Manifest:
synonyms: dullness
monotony
glosses: The quality of lacking variety or excitement.
examples: text: So, after settling it that Mr. and Mrs. Wilson were complete country humdrums, the daughters hoydens, the sons awkward half-dandies, and the company altogether any thing but agreeable, she came to a conclusion she had done fifty times before, that the country was not like London.
ref: 1834, Elizabeth Frances Dagley, The Young Seer, Or Early Searches Into Futurity, page 103:
glosses: A stupid fellow.
ravine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rə-vēnʹ
ipa: /ɹəˈviːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: ravines
Etymology: Borrowed from French ravin (“a gully”), from Old French raviner (“to pillage, sweep down, cascade”), from ravine (“robbery, rapine; violent rush of water, waterfall, avalanche; impetuosity, spirit”), from Latin rapīna (cf. rapine).
Senses: examples: text: Sometimes the earth stretched up towards them with peaks of mountains, sometimes it fell away in steep ravines, blue rivers sang to them as they passed above them, or very faintly came the song of breezes in lone orchards, and far away the sea sang mighty dirges of old forsaken isles.
ref: 1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 46:
text: He fell into a reverie, a most dangerous state of mind for a chauffeur, since a fall into reverie on the part of a driver may mean a fall into a ravine on the part of the machine.
ref: 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 3, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:
text: Thirty feet below her, where the Persians were crashing through the brush, the streambed kinked to the left side of the ravine and ran under an enormous thorn tree with a thick base.
ref: 2007 April 1, Thomas Harlan, The Shadow of Ararat: Book One of 'The Oath of Empire', page 294:
glosses: A deep narrow valley or gorge in the earth's surface worn by running water.
Derived terms: ravine-buck
ravined
ravine deer
ravine salamander
Related terms: ravinement
canyon
gorge
gulley
gully
valley
ravine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rə-vēnʹ
ipa: /ɹəˈviːn/
rhymes: -iːn
ipa: /ˈɹævɪn/
enpr: rə-vēnʹ
ipa: /ɹəˈviːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: ravines
Etymology: From Middle English ravene, ravine, from Old French raviner (“rush, seize by force”), itself from ravine (“rapine”), from Latin rapīna (“plundering, loot”), itself from rapere (“seize, plunder, abduct”).
Senses: examples: text: And he, shall he,
Man, her last work, who seem’d so fair, […]
Who trusted God was love indeed
And love Creation’s final law—
Tho’ Nature, red in tooth and claw
With ravine, shriek’d against his creed—
Who loved, who suffer’d countless ills,
Who battled for the True, the Just,
Be blown about the desert dust,
Or seal’d within the iron hills?
ref: 1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam A.H.H.:
glosses: Alternative form of raven (“rapine, rapacity; prey, plunder”).
redux
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːdʌks/
ipa: /ɹiˈdʌks/
rhymes: -ʌks
Etymology: From Latin redux (“that returns”), from redūcō (“to bring back”). The word may have re-entered popular usage in the United States with the 1971 publication of the novel Rabbit Redux by John Updike, although it had previously been used in medicine, literary titles, and product names.
Senses: examples: text: After an unusually cold August, September felt like summer redux as a heatwave sent temperatures soaring.
text: 10. It's Microsoft Redux All Over Again. Maybe the fat lady hasn't crooned the final note, but the petite lady who carried the most weight, US District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly, wrote the denouement to the Microsoft antitrust fiasco.
ref: 2004, Robert A. Levy, Shakedown: How Corporations, Government, and Trial Lawyers Abuse the Judicial Process, page 265:
glosses: Redone, restored, brought back, or revisited.
raw_tags: of a topic
redux
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːdʌks/
ipa: /ɹiˈdʌks/
rhymes: -ʌks
Forms: form: reduxes
Etymology: From Latin redux (“that returns”), from redūcō (“to bring back”). The word may have re-entered popular usage in the United States with the 1971 publication of the novel Rabbit Redux by John Updike, although it had previously been used in medicine, literary titles, and product names.
Senses: examples: text: With the exception of the leader's boppish title tune, the album is filled with anarchistic jazz reduxes of Nichols, Ellington, Kurt Weill, and Cole Porter.
ref: 2004, Todd S. Jenkins, Free Jazz and Free Improvisation: An Encyclopedia, page 234:
text: The band chased the video up with an acoustic redux of the track, as well as performances on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and Macy’s annual Fourth Of July Spectacular in New York.
ref: 2021 July 23, Ellie Robinson, “Coldplay shoot for the stars with their cinematic new track ‘Coloratura’”, in NME:
glosses: A theme or topic redone, restored, brought back, or revisited.
Related terms: rediscuss
redo
redox
aftermost
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Old English æftemest.
Senses: examples: text: All the after-most part of the ship, is called the sterne (by a generall appellation) but most exactly considered, only the very outwardmost part abaft is the sterne;
ref: 1644, Henry Manwayring, The Sea-mans Dictionary, London: John Bellamy, page 101:
text: My station during the engagement was on the middle-deck, where I was quartered with another boy, to bring powder to the aftermost gun;
ref: 1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 4, in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, volume 1, London, page 148:
text: […] at night I slept on a blanket thrown on the deck boards at the aftermost end of the round-house, and right in the draught of the two doors.
ref: 1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, “'”, in Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC, page 68:
topics: nautical
transport
synonyms: hindmost
antonyms: foremost
glosses: Nearest the stern of a vessel.
examples: text: 1653, Peter English, The Survey of Policy, Leith, Section 1, Subsection 1, p. 99,
In this sense Aristotle’s words hold good, if he refer the former part of the fourth species to the after-most times and ultimat center of Heroicisme, and the latter part to the prior, though not to the first times thereof.
text: Now whiles I was taken up with these anxious thoughts, a messenger […] came to me from the Lord Denny […], my after-most Honourable Patron, entreating me from his Lordship to speak with him.
ref: 1663, Clement Barksdale, Memorials of Worthy Persons, Oxford, page 78:
glosses: Most recent.
aftermost
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From Old English æftemest.
Senses: examples: text: And he put the handmaids and their children, first: and Leah and her children, after; and Rachel and Ioseph, aftermost.
ref: 1627, Henry Ainsworth, Annotations upon the Five Bookes of Moses, the Booke of the Psalmes, and the Song of Songs, London: John Bellamy, Genesis 33, page 122:
glosses: At the very back.
anachoretic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Both the anachoretic and the missionary spirit were strong in the family of Penda; the former chiefly among the women, the latter among the men of the house: nearly all his children and grandchildren died in the odour of sanctity.
ref: 1861, “The” Archaeological Journal - Volume 18, page 199:
text: No longer purely anachoretic or solitary, it begins, like the insect on the flower, to simulate the colour of that new social life from which it draws its own.
ref: 1869, The Contemporary Review - Volume 11, page 299:
text: Anachoretic behaviour is of two different kinds, permanent and temporary.
ref: 2012, Giovanni Costa, Behavioural Adaptations of Desert Animals, →ISBN, page 70:
glosses: Living in isolation.
examples: text: If a combination of micro-organisms is injected simultaneously, only one of the bacteria may be demonstrated in the anachoretic abscess.
ref: 1940, American Journal of Diseases of Children - Volume 60, page 238:
text: Anachoresis, or anachoretic pulpitis, is, therefore, a pulpitis of systemic origin.
ref: 1963, Pdm practical dental, page 24:
text: Anachoretic pulpitis was suggested as a reality by the work of Robinson and Boling in the early 1940's.
ref: 1968, Louis Irwin Grossman, Transactions of the International Conference on Endodontics, page 55:
text: The absence of other precipitating lesions was cited as evidence (by exclusion) for anachoretic infection in 51% of maxillary and 59% of mandibular cheek teeth.
ref: 2013, Jack Easley, Advances in Equine Dentistry, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics, →ISBN:
glosses: Pertaining to anachoresis.
flashcrowd
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: flashcrowds
form: flash crowd
Etymology: From flash + crowd.
Senses: examples: text: We now focus on the system's reaction to the sudden popularity of a single (new) file. This phenomenon is also called the flashcrowd effect.
ref: 2004 December 18, Johan Pouwelse, “The BitTorrent P2P file-sharing system”, in The Register:
glosses: The large number of people brought by the sudden increase in popularity of an Internet site or resource due to an event or link from another site.
Related terms: slashdot
make head or tail of
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: makes head or tail of
form: making head or tail of
form: made head or tail of
form: made head or tail of
form: make heads or tails of
Senses: examples: text: See if you can make head or tail of the last section in this chapter. I'm baffled.
text: He was unable to make head or tail of some of the pattern-solving puzzles in the IQ test.
text: IT has been such a headliny week, what with [Nikita] Khrushchev and all, events moving swiftly, frenzied activity in a wide variety of fields, action and reaction, tests, blasts, notes and comments that nobody except the Alsop Brothers seem to be able to make head or tail of it in the modest compass of a small column.
ref: 1961 September 2, Silenus [pseudonym], “Before the Judge: No Smoking”, in Victoria Daily Times, volume 128, number 205, Victoria, B.C., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 5, column 1:
antonyms: make head nor tail of
make neither head nor tail of
glosses: To understand even minimally.
raw_tags: in the negative
glosses: To determine to be good or bad.
Related terms: coin toss
heads or tails
rhyme or reason
attestation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌætɛˈsteɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌætɛˈsteɪʃən/
note: Indic
ipa: /əʈəsˈʈeʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: attestations
Etymology: From Middle French attestation, from Latin attestātiō; by surface analysis, attest + -ation.
Senses: glosses: A thing that serves to bear witness, confirm, or authenticate; validation, verification, documentation.
glosses: A confirmation or authentication.
topics: business
finance
glosses: The process, performed by accountants or auditors, of providing independent opinion on published financial and other business records of an enterprise, public agency, or other organization.
examples: text: A historical dictionary cannot do this though it cannot also neglect this aspect because the attestation of a rare meaning is bound to be very limited.
ref: 1972, Indian Linguistics, volumes 33-34, Linguistic Society of India, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 237:
text: The eastern-most attestation of Sl skola in the meaning of synagogue appears to be in Smolensk Russian.
ref: 1987, Paul Wexler, Explorations in Judeo-Slavic Linguistics, →ISBN, page 125:
text: So something must have been developing over long periods empty of attestation; and whatever it was, it must (by principles to be discussed in the next section) have been a language of the usual kind.
ref: 1997, Roger Lass, Historical Linguistics and Language Change, page 23:
text: For each word, the date of its first attestation in the English language, as documented in the Oxford English Dictionary, and its frequency of occurrence in the British National Corpus are given.
ref: 2009, Ingo Plag with Maria Braun, Sabine Lappe, and Mareile Schramm, Introduction to English Linguistics, page 110:
text: Furthermore, the first attestations given in the OED are not always the earliest attestations in print; since the first edition was finished in 1928, many earlier and later examples have been identified, and these will be incorporated into the third edition, currently underway (see Durkin 2002 for a discussion of how much this is likely to change the dates of attestation in the OED as a whole).
ref: 2010, Kathryn Allan, “Tracing metonymic polysemy through time: MATERIAL FOR OBJECT mappings in the OED”, in Margaret E. Winters, Heli Tissari, Kathryn Allan, editors, Historical Cognitive Linguistics, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 176:
text: In the first edition this is generally chronological, i.e. following the earliest date of attestation for each sense
ref: 2012, Alexander Bergs, English Historical Linguistics, volume 2, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1154:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
qualifier: word; word form; or word meaning; word; word form; or word meaning
glosses: An appearance in print or otherwise recorded on a permanent medium.
raw_tags: of a language
Derived terms: attestation clause
coattestation
nonattestation
Related terms: attestative
attested
attestive
salience
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈseɪ.li.əns/
ipa: [ˈseɪ̯.li.əns]
ipa: /ˈsæɪ.li.əns/
ipa: [ˈsæɪ̯.li.əns]
Forms: form: saliences
Senses: glosses: The condition of being salient.
glosses: A highlight; perceptual prominence, or likelihood of being noticed.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
glosses: Relative importance based on context.
Derived terms: aberrant salience
bulletproof
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊl.ɪtpɹuːf/
Forms: form: more bulletproof
form: most bulletproof
form: bullet-proof
Etymology: From bullet + -proof.
Senses: examples: text: bulletproof window
text: bulletproof vest
text: bulletproof car.
text: YouTube is awash in gun content, often referred to as “GunTube” by firearm enthusiasts. Individuals who come to GunTube—including children and teens—can find videos which glorify assault weapons, show how to modify firearms, and teach viewers how to shoot through bulletproof glass or “win gunfights.”
ref: 2023 May 16, “YouTube and Gun Content: A Dangerous Combination for Kids and Teens”, in Everytown Support Fund:
glosses: Capable of withstanding a direct shot by a bullet fired from a gun.
raw_tags: of a material
examples: text: bulletproof hosting
text: The packed opening night of Twain’s first UK tour since 2004 is an impressively barnstorming, thigh-slapping, eye-searing revue that marries her bulletproof back catalogue with a cautious sprinkle of new material.
ref: 2018 September 20, Graeme Virtue, “Shania Twain review – barnstorming, thigh-slapping spectacular”, in The Guardian:
text: But what tone indicators lack in artfulness, they make up for in their bulletproof inability to be misinterpreted.
ref: 2020 December 9, Ezra Marcus, “Tone Is Hard to Grasp Online. Can Tone Indicators Help?”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 04 Jul 2021:
glosses: Reliable, infallible, sturdy or error-tolerant.
Synonyms: sense: infallible
word: foolproof
Derived terms: bulletproof coffee
bulletproof host
bulletproof hosting
bulletproofness
bulletproof vest
bulletproof
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊl.ɪtpɹuːf/
Forms: form: bulletproofs
form: bulletproofing
form: bulletproofed
form: bulletproofed
form: bullet-proof
Etymology: From bullet + -proof.
Senses: glosses: To make proof against bullets.
examples: text: We have to bulletproof this program before we let the users at it; check every input, catch every possible flaw... it must not fail in use.
glosses: To make resistant to failure.
bulletproof
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊl.ɪtpɹuːf/
Forms: form: bulletproofs
form: bullet-proof
Etymology: From bullet + -proof.
Senses: examples: text: I converted it to a mini-bar and then I went to every single bulletproof in my neighborhood and ordered a ridiculous amount.
ref: 2024 February 28, André Mack, Sommelier Tries Every Costco Liquor | World Of Wine | Bon Appétit:
glosses: A liquor store
curmudgeon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɜːˈmʌdʒ.ən/
ipa: /kɚˈmʌd͡ʒən/
rhymes: -ʌdʒən
Forms: form: curmudgeons
Etymology: Numerous folk etymologies exist for this word.
An alternative spelling attested in 1600 is cornmudgin, in Holland's translation of Livy, rendering Latin frūmentārius (“corn-merchant”). This has been suggested as the original form of the word, but OED notes that curmudgeon is attested some years before this, concluding that cornmudgin was merely a nonce-word by Holland.
The word is attested from the late 1500s in the forms curmudgeon and curmudgen, and during the 17th century in numerous spelling variants, including cormogeon, cormogion, cormoggian, cormudgeon, curmudgion, curmuggion, curmudgin, curr-mudgin, curre-megient.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: crank, grump; grumpy pants (often childish)
text: There's a cranky curmudgeon working at the hospital who gives all the patients and other doctors flak.
text: John Doe's old age and stubborn aversion to new ideas make him a curmudgeon of a candidate.
text: After a while, as cultural debates became more polarized, the editorial tone of the New Criterion went from being charmingly curmudgeon to being bitterly shrill.
ref: 1996, Jeet Heer, Gravitas, Autumn 1996:
text: How to Be a Curmudgeon on the Internet
ref: 2006, The New York Times:
text: How should I respond, without appearing to be a curmudgeon?
ref: 2007, The Times:
glosses: An ill-tempered person full of stubborn ideas or opinions, often an older man.
glosses: A miser.
Derived terms: curmudgeonhood
curmudgeonish
curmudgeonism
curmudgeonly
curmudgeonous
curmudgeonry
curmudgeony
womanize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwʊmənaɪz/
Forms: form: womanizes
form: womanizing
form: womanized
form: womanized
form: womanise
Etymology: From woman + -ize.
Senses: glosses: To flirt with or seduce, or attempt to seduce, women, especially lecherously.
raw_tags: said of a man
examples: text: [T]his effeminate loue of a wõman, doth ſo womanize a man, that (if hee yeeld to it) it will not onely make him an Amazon; but a launder, a diſtaff-ſpinner; or what ſo euer other vile occupation their idle heads can imagin and their weake hands performe.
ref: a. 1587, Philip Sidney, “The First Booke”, in [Mary Sidney], editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia […] [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1593, →OCLC, folio 23, verso:
english: The New Arcadia
translation: The New Arcadia
text: Another bolt passed between Iucharba's legs, nearly womanizing him with its blast of heat. "EEEeeeYOW!" he howled.
ref: 2000, Randy Lee Eickhoff, The sorrows, page 84:
text: Samson himself is a gender paradox: while the focus on his hair links him with the women he pursues, it is also the source of his masculine strength, whose loss womanizes him.
ref: 2000, Claudia V. Camp, Wise, Strange and Holy: The Strange Woman and the Making of the Bible, page 104:
text: Love for a woman was believed to produce an especially dangerous kind of effeminacy. Following this line of thinking, Musidorus charges that Pyrocles' infatuation threatens to 'womanize' him
ref: 2008, Wendy Olmsted, The Imperfect Friend: Emotion and Rhetoric in Sidney, Milton and their Contexts:
glosses: To turn into a woman; to feminize.
Derived terms: dewomanize
womaniser
womanizer
Hokkien
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɒkiɛn/
ipa: /ˈhok.kjɛn/
ipa: /ˈhɑkiˌɛn/
ipa: /ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/
Forms: form: Hokkian
form: Hok Kian
form: Hok-kian
form: Hokien
form: Hukkien
form: Hokyen
form: Hok-kien
form: Hok-Kien
form: Hokkeen
form: Hok-keen
form: Hokkeën
form: Hokkëèn
Etymology: Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to the Fujianese people.
qualifier: chiefly Southeast Asia
glosses: Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants.
glosses: Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China.
Derived terms: Hokkienese
calamity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈlæmɪti/
Forms: form: calamities
Etymology: From Middle French calamité, from Latin calamitās (“loss, damage; disaster”).
Senses: examples: text: Romeo come forth / Come forth thou fearfull man, / Affliction is enamor’d of thy parts: / And thou art wedded to calamitie.
ref: c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 67, column 2:
text: Yet, at that moment, she felt as if the acquisition of these gems were a calamity. Their possession involved separation from her uncle, from every relic of home affections, and from all that yet lingered with her of her childhood.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Age and Youth”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 15:
text: And the village was deserted, the huts gaped black, rotting, all askew within the fallen enclosures. A calamity had come to it, sure enough.
ref: 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 199:
glosses: An event resulting in great loss.
examples: text: They were behind twice, first in the 11th minute when James Morrison scored a goal that was a personal calamity for Hart, and then four minutes into the second half when Kenny Miller eluded Gary Cahill to score with a splendid left-foot drive.
ref: 2013 August 14, Daniel Taylor, “Rickie Lambert's debut goal gives England victory over Scotland”, in The Guardian:
glosses: The distress that results from some disaster.
Derived terms: calamitist
calamity howler
fiscalamity
Related terms: calamitous
calamitously
fool's paradise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fools' paradises
Etymology: From Middle English foles paradise, folis paradyce, first recorded in the Paston Letters (1462).
Senses: examples: text: Now, afore God, I am so vexed, that every part about me quivers. Scurvy knave! Pray you, sir, a word: and as I told you, my young lady bade me inquire you out; what she bade me say, I will keep to myself: but first let me tell ye, if ye should lead her into a fool's paradise, as they say, it were a very gross kind of behavior, as they say: for the gentlewoman is young; and, therefore, if you should deal double with her, truly it were an ill thing to be offered to any gentlewoman, and very weak dealing.
ref: 1592, William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet:
text: The Devon School record books contained a mistake, a lie, and nobody knew it but Finny and me. A. Hopkins Parker was living in a fool's paradise, wherever he was. His defeated name remained in bronze on the school record plaque, while Finny deliberately evaded an athletic honor.
ref: 1959, John Knowles, chapter 3, in A Separate Peace:
text: A report by the Pensions Commission warned that the number who were failing to save enough for their retirement was higher than 12 million, and said that Britain had been living in a "fool's paradise" for 25 years.
ref: 2004 December 13, Jenny Booth, “Mean employers blamed for pensions gap”, in TimesOnline, London:
glosses: A state of happiness due to illusion or false hope.
wikipedia: Paston Letters
actuary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæktʃuˌɛɹi/
ipa: /ˈæktjʊəɹi/
ipa: /ˈæktʃʊəɹi/
ipa: /ˈæktʃəɹi/
Forms: form: actuaries
Etymology: From Latin āctuārius (“copyist, account-keeper”), from āctus (“public business”); see actuarius.
Senses: glosses: Registrar, clerk.
glosses: A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.
Derived terms: actuarily
actuaryship
Related terms: actuarial
shul
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃʊl/
ipa: /ʃuːl/
rhymes: -uːl
rhymes: -ʊl
Forms: form: shuls
form: shuln
form: shool
form: schul
form: schule
form: shule
Etymology: From Yiddish שול (shul, “school, synagogue”), from Old High German scuola (“school”), from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of schola and school.
Senses: examples: text: That Asher's mind would have also been on Elohim, at this moment receiving prayers in Asher's shul, goes without saying.
ref: 2006, Howard Jacobson, Kalooki Nights, Vintage, published 2007, page 146:
text: Unfortunately, she has used the attack as a launch pad for a bizarre and undercooked exercise in rhetorical bothsidesism, in which she argues that American Jews should be just as worried about college students who overzealously criticize Israel as they are about the aspiring Einsatzgruppen who shoot up shuls.
ref: 2019 September 6, Jordan Weissman, “How Not to Fight Anti-Semitism”, in Slate:
text: The other reason he has upped his synagogue attendance is more positive. “My life has been about introducing everyone to everyone and going to shul can be like one big party.
ref: 2023 July 27, Nicole Lampert, quoting Philip Sallon, “Meet the colourful shul regular who admits: ‘I’m quite an extreme person’”, in The Jewish Chronicle:
glosses: An Ashkenazi synagogue.
Derived terms: shulgoer
Eber
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Hebrew עֵבֶר (ʿéver).
Senses: topics: biblical
lifestyle
religion
glosses: the son of Salah and the father of Joktan and Peleg.
glosses: Surname and given name
quiff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kwɪf/
ipa: [kʰw̥ɪf]
rhymes: -ɪf
Forms: form: quiffs
Etymology: Variant form of whiff.
Senses: glosses: A puff or whiff, especially of tobacco smoke.
quiff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kwɪf/
ipa: [kʰw̥ɪf]
rhymes: -ɪf
Forms: form: quiffs
Etymology: Unknown.
Senses: examples: text: It was young Mr. Abbott worked that quiff on you, sir.
ref: 1933, John Masefield, The Bird of Dawning:
glosses: A trick or ploy; a stratagem.
quiff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kwɪf/
ipa: [kʰw̥ɪf]
rhymes: -ɪf
Forms: form: quiffs
Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps a variant of coif.
Senses: examples: text: His woolly brown hair shaped into a drooping quiff, he's been sitting poolside all morning, snatching sucks on cigarettes before the waiters can tell him no, and thinking about reworking some incidental music for the band's gig tomorrow.
ref: 2012 September 2, Tom Lamont, The Observer:
text: A bottle of Rio and some chicken and chips / In my fuck-me-up pumps and my Winehouse quiff
ref: 2025, “Young”, performed by Little Simz:
glosses: A hairstyle whereby the forelock is brushed and/or gelled upward, often associated with the styles of the 1950s.
quiff
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kwɪf/
ipa: [kʰw̥ɪf]
rhymes: -ɪf
Forms: form: quiffs
form: quiffing
form: quiffed
form: quiffed
Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps a variant of coif.
Senses: glosses: To arrange (the hair) in such a manner.
Derived terms: quiffed
quiff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kwɪf/
ipa: [kʰw̥ɪf]
rhymes: -ɪf
Forms: form: quiffs
Etymology: Probably variant of coif (“vulva”).
Senses: examples: text: How would I get an African toothache when the closest I been to a quiff in over a month is sitting next to one?
ref: 1949, John O'Hara, A Rage to Live, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, page 193:
glosses: A young girl, especially as promiscuous; a prostitute.
examples: text: As for whores—they are sometimes daughters of fine homes peddling their quim and quiff for a thumbnail of cocaine or a tot of rot-gut whiskey.
ref: 1970, Stephen Longstreet, Nell Kimball: Her Life as an American Madam, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 145:
text: Jane was drying herself in the bedroom, holding the bath towel behind her shoulders, her small breasts and childlike nipples flushed from the power jet, her quiff a barely visible thread.
ref: 2000, J. G. Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 120:
glosses: The vulva or vagina.
forelock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: forelocks
Etymology: From Middle English *forelock, *forelok, from Old English forelocc, equivalent to fore- + lock.
Senses: examples: text: His fair large front and eye sublime declared / Absolute rule; and hyacinthine locks / Round from his parted forelock manly hung / Clustering, but not beneath his shoulders broad:
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 300-303:
text: 1734, The Koran: Commonly Called the Alkoran of Mohammed, translated by George Sale, Sura 96, Congealed Blood, http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/7440/pg7440-images.html
Doth he not know that GOD seeth? / Assuredly. Verily, if he forbear not, we will drag him by the forelock, / the lying, sinful forelock. / And let him call his council to assistance: / we also will call the infernal guards to cast him into hell.
text: Warm with the blood of lads I know / Comes east the sighing air. / / It fanned their temples, filled their lungs, / Scattered their forelocks free;
ref: 1896, A. E. Housman, A Shropshire Lad, section XXXVIII:
text: This little boy, still flicking his head to one side between sentences though the long blond forelock that once excused the tic had been cut […]
ref: 1978, Edmund White, chapter VIII, in Nocturnes for the King of Naples, New York: St. Martin's Press, page 135:
glosses: The part of a person's hairstyle which covers the forehead.
examples: text: […] the gates themselves slowly parted, there appeared a large horse's head, with a plaited forelock under a decorated yoke, and slowly there rolled into the road a small cart, like those driven by horse-dealers, and higglers.
ref: 1898, Ivan Turgenev, translated by Constance Garnett, A Lear of the Steppes and Other Stories, New York: Macmillan, page 146:
text: Even Boxer was vaguely troubled. He set his ears back, shook his forelock several times, and tried hard to marshal his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything to say.
ref: 1945, George Orwell, chapter 5, in Animal Farm:
glosses: The part of a horse's (or similar animal's) mane that lies on its forehead.
Synonyms: sense: part of hairstyle
word: bangs
sense: part of hairstyle
word: fringe
sense: part of horse's mane
word: foretop
Derived terms: forelocked
forelocking
take time by the forelock
tug one's forelock
pull one's forelock
touch one's forelock
forelock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: forelocks
Etymology: From Middle English forelok, equivalent to fore- + lock.
Senses: glosses: A wedge pushed through a hole at the end of a bolt to hold it in place.
forelock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: forelocks
form: forelocking
form: forelocked
form: forelocked
Etymology: From Middle English forelok, equivalent to fore- + lock.
Senses: examples: text: At one extremity each pair was firmly connected by a short, massive, iron link, of about two feet in length; and, at its opposite end, a large eye-bolt was driven into each stick, where it was securely forelocked.
ref: 1835, James Fenimore Cooper, chapter 14, in The Monikins:
glosses: To fix in place with a forelock (wedge)
Scillonian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɪˈləʊniən/
rhymes: -əʊniən
Forms: form: Scillonians
Senses: glosses: A native or inhabitant of the Isles of Scilly, a Scilly Islander.
Scillonian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɪˈləʊniən/
rhymes: -əʊniən
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to the Isles of Scilly.
Isles of Scilly
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪlz əv ˈsɪli/
Etymology: From Cornish Syllan, from British Latin (Insulae) Sillinae, Silina, Siluruni, found in Ancient Greek as Σίλυρες (Sílures), Σύρινες (Súrines), of uncertain origin, but suggested by some to be from solis insulae (“isles of the sun”).
Senses: glosses: An archipelago off the coast of Cornwall, in southwestern England.
Synonyms: Scilly Islands
Scilly Isles
Scillies
Related terms: Scillonian
Scilly Islander
expunge
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈspʌnd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ɛkˈspʌnd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ʌndʒ
Forms: form: expunges
form: expunging
form: expunged
form: expunged
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin expungere.
Senses: examples: text: The gentleman from Texas [Mr. CRAIN] asks unanimous consent to expunge from the RECORD and from the Journal the motion to excuse the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. ALLEN] […]
ref: 1893, Congressional Record, page 1991:
glosses: To erase or strike out.
glosses: To eliminate completely; to annihilate.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To delete permanently (e-mail etc.) that was previously marked for deletion but still stored.
Derived terms: expungable
expungee
expungement
expunger
expungible
expunging
expungings
inexpungable
inexpungible
unexpungable
unexpunged
Related terms: expunction
gynaecology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From gynaeco- + -logy.
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of gynecology.
Derived terms: gynaecologic
gynaecological
gynaecologist
urogynaecology
requiescat in pace
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Forms: form: RIP
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin requiēscat in pāce.
Senses: glosses: May he/she rest in peace.
Related terms: english: more than one person
translation: more than one person
word: requiescant in pace
requiescant in pace
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Forms: form: RIP
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin requiēscant in pāce.
Senses: glosses: May they rest in peace.
Coordinate terms: english: referring to one person
translation: referring to one person
word: requiescat in pace
RIP
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑː(ɹ)aɪ ˈpiː/
rhymes: -iː
ipa: /ɹɪp/
homophone: rip
Forms: form: R.I.P.
form: rip
Senses: glosses: Routing information protocol, a dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide area networks.
RIP
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑː(ɹ)aɪ ˈpiː/
rhymes: -iː
ipa: /ɹɪp/
homophone: rip
rhymes: -ɪp
ipa: /ɑː(ɹ)aɪ ˈpiː/
rhymes: -iː
ipa: /ɹɪp/
homophone: rip
Forms: form: R.I.P.
form: rip
Etymology: Originally coined in Selker et al. (1987) as an acronym for rearrangement induced premeiotically, which was later renamed repeat-induced point mutation in Cambareri et al. (1989).
Senses: examples: text: The RIP process can be extremely efficient. A linked duplication of 6 kb of Neurospora DNA, whose elements were separated by 7.5 kb of bacterial and unique Neurospora sequences, never survived a cross unrearranged.
ref: 1987 December 4, Eric U. Selker, Edward B. Cambareri, Bryan C. Jensen, Kenneth R. Haack, “Rearrangement of duplicated DNA in specialized cells of Neurospora”, in Cell, volume 51, number 5, page 750:
text: Thus, the RIP process results in point mutations, consistent with the results from the heteroduplex analyses. On the basis of this information, we suggest changing the name of the phenomenon from "rearrangement induced premeiotically" to "repeat-induced point mutation."
ref: 1989 June 30, Edward B. Cambareri, Bryan C. Jensen, Eric Schabtach, Eric U. Selker, “Repeat-Induced G-C to A-T Mutations in Neurospora”, in Science, volume 244, number 4912, page 1573:
text: To investigate the impact of RIP on protein families in Neurospora, genes were clustered into ‘multigene families’ on the basis of an all versus all comparison of protein sequences (see Methods).
ref: 2003 April 24, James E. Galagan et al., “The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa”, in Nature, volume 422, page 860:
qualifier: molecular biology
glosses: Repeat-induced point mutation, a process by which both copies of duplicated sequences are mutated.
Derived terms: RIPing
RIP
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑː(ɹ)aɪ ˈpiː/
rhymes: -iː
ipa: /ɹɪp/
homophone: rip
rhymes: -ɪp
Forms: form: RIPs
form: R.I.P.
form: rip
Senses: examples: text: […] recommended as punishment a 55-day RIP (reduction in pay) but was overruled by higher authorities […]
ref: 1972, New York Magazine, volume 5, number 5, page 32:
text: He admitted to his indiscretion and accepted a five-day RIP (reduction in pay). What the hell is going on? I wondered. We let a captain with possible O.C. connections off the hook, but we bust a patrolman for having a drink!
ref: 1991, Vincent Murano, William Hoffer, Cop Hunter, page 73:
topics: government
law-enforcement
glosses: Initialism of reduction in pay.
RIP
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑː(ɹ)aɪ ˈpiː/
rhymes: -iː
ipa: /ɹɪp/
homophone: rip
rhymes: -ɪp
Forms: form: RIPs
form: R.I.P.
form: rip
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Initialism of ribosome-inactivating protein.
double U
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: double Us
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of double-u.
examples: text: In training a tree in the double U […] only the two topmost buds are allowed to grow on the trunk and two arms.
ref: 1942, Playing Tricks with Plants, Popular Science, Vol. 140, No. 3 (March), p. 110
glosses: something in the shape of two U's (not of a W)
Related terms: english: something in the shape of three nested U's
translation: something in the shape of three nested U's
word: triple U
archimandrite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɑːkɪˈmændɹaɪt/
Forms: form: archimandrites
Etymology: Borrowed from French archimandrite, from Latin archimandrīta, from late Ancient Greek ἀρχιμανδρίτης (arkhimandrítēs), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “highest”) + μάνδρα (mándra, “enclosure, cloister, monastery”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, “member of”).
Senses: examples: text: My predecessors generally preferred to live and work in the monastery proper, but I like the solitude of the caves. I have been an archimandrite, here at Pskov, since 1915 and a humble monk for twenty years before that.
ref: 2020, Ben Creed, City of Ghosts, London: Welbeck Publishing, →ISBN, page 145:
qualifier: Eastern Orthodoxy
glosses: The superior of a large monastery, or group of monasteries, in the Orthodox Church.
topics: Catholicism
Christianity
qualifier: Eastern Orthodoxy
glosses: An honorary title sometimes given to a monastic priest.
Derived terms: archimandrital
peafowl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpiːˌfaʊl/
Forms: form: peafowls
form: peafowl
Etymology: From pea (“peacock”) + fowl. Compare Icelandic páfugl (“peafowl”), Swedish påfågel (“peafowl”), Danish påfugl (“peafowl”).
Senses: glosses: A bird of the genus Pavo or Afropavo, notable for the extravagant tails of the males; a peacock (unspecified sex).
Synonyms: english: much more common (for both sexes)
translation: much more common (for both sexes)
word: peacock
Hyponyms: english: male or female peafowl
translation: male or female peafowl
word: peacock
english: female peafowl
translation: female peafowl
word: peahen
english: young or baby peafowl
translation: young or baby peafowl
word: peachick
Derived terms: Asiatic peafowl
green peafowl
Indian peafowl
Spalding peafowl
Related terms: muster
pavonine
peahen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpiː.hɛn/
Forms: form: peahens
Etymology: From Middle English pehenne, equivalent to pea (“peafowl”) + hen. Compare Icelandic páhæna (“peahen”). See also peacock, peafowl, peachick, etc.
Senses: examples: text: It shows the peahens that the peacock is strong.
ref: 2014, Bill Nye, Corey S. Powell, Undeniable: Evolution and the Science of Creation:
glosses: A female peafowl.
Related terms: hen
peachick
peacock
peafowl
hightail
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhaɪ.teɪl/
Forms: form: hightails
form: hightailing
form: hightailed
form: hightailed
Etymology: From high + tail; refers to the behavior of fleeing animals, such as deer, that raise their tail when running away.
Senses: examples: text: He hightailed it toward town.
text: I want you to hightail your butt out of there before they come back.
text: When I saw he had scored, I just hightailed out of there, because all those people started running down on the field and that's a lot more dangerous than playing.
ref: 2008, Dave Klein, The Game of Their Lives: The 1958 NFL Championship, page 217:
synonyms: word: skedaddle
word: hightail
word: move quickly
word: skedaddle
glosses: To move at full speed, especially in retreat.
Derived terms: hightail it
physicist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/
Forms: form: physicists
Etymology: From physics + -ist. Coined by the English polymath William Whewell (1794–1866) in his book The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (1840): see the quotation.
Senses: examples: text: Thus we may say, that while the Naturalist employs principally the ideas of resemblance and life, the Physicist proceeds upon the ideas of force, matter, and the properties of matter.
ref: 1840, William Whewell, “Aphorisms Concerning the Language of Science. Aphorism VI. When Common Words are Appropriated as Technical Terms, this Must be Done so that They are Not Ambiguous in Their Application.”, in The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon Their History. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, →OCLC, page lxxi:
text: Physicists find themselves called in to deal with such varied problems as the reduction of noise in diesel railcars, investigation of the Hertzian stresses set up by wheel-rail contact and improvement of the insulation of fish and banana vans.
ref: 1961 February, R. K. Evans, “The role of research on British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 95:
glosses: A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.
glosses: A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles (opposed to vitalist).
Derived terms: agrophysicist
astrophysicist
biophysicist
condensed matter physicist
econophysicist
geophysicist
health physicist
iatrophysicist
mathematical physicist
microphysicist
neurophysicist
nonphysicist
nuclear physicist
paraphysicist
petrophysicist
photophysicist
protophysicist
psychophysicist
radiophysicist
sociophysicist
tectonophysicist
theoretical physicist
noumenon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnuːmənɒn/
ipa: /ˈnaʊmənɒn/
ipa: /ˈnumənɑn/
Forms: form: noumena
Etymology: From German Noumenon, from Ancient Greek νοούμενον (nooúmenon, “thing that is known”), passive present participle of νοέω (noéō, “I know”).
Senses: examples: text: The final result of Kant's philosophy, expressed in the concisest terms, was the proposition, so humiliating to human cognition, but, at the same time, so fertile in consequences, that we can know only phenomena, or the outward appearances of things, but not the noumenon, or the thing in itself.
ref: 1871 January, David Asher, “Schopenhauer and Darwinism”, in Journal of Anthropology, volume 1, number 3, page 317:
text: We have no specific concept of the noumenon, but think of it merely as whatever the object may be apart from the manner in which our knowledge exhibits it.
ref: 1954 July, Bella K. Milmed, “Theories of Religious Knowledge from Kant to Jaspers”, in Philosophy, volume 29, pages 197–198:
text: That, we have seen, is what prevents the two truths from collapsing into an appearance/reality or phenomenon/noumenon distinction.
ref: 2003 January, Jay L. Garfield, Graham Priest, “Nāgārjuna and the Limits of Thought”, in Philosophy East & West, volume 53, number 1, page 16:
synonyms: thing-in-itself
antonyms: phenomenon
glosses: A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.
raw_tags: from Kantian philosophy on
Derived terms: noumenism
noumenology
Related terms: noumenal
lading
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈleɪdɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪdɪŋ
Forms: form: ladings
Etymology: Gerund of lade (verb). Cognate with Dutch lading (“cargo, charge”), German Ladung (“cargo, charge”), Polish ładunek (“cargo, charge”), Swedish laddning (“charge”). Doublet of loading.
Senses: synonyms: loading
glosses: The action of loading.
examples: text: the ship remained there, in providing his lading and preparing for his voyage, nearly three months[…]
ref: 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:
text: The B-end of car DJJX 30478 […] was relatively intact but was surrounded by scrap steel lading from the car, which had been released to the track surface […] The bathtub gondola car structural features produced a car that could carry more lading and provided a relatively obstruction-free car interior which, when combined with the rotary dump feature, permitted the free-flow of granular lading and rapid evacuation of the load with little or no residue left in the car.
ref: 2023, Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Rail transportation safety investigation report R19T0107
synonyms: freight
load
payload
shipment
consignment
glosses: Shipment, cargo, freight.
examples: text: Nor could I weary, heart or limb,
⁠When mighty Love would cleave in twain
⁠The lading of a single pain,
And part it, giving half to him.
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXV”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 42:
glosses: Burden.
Derived terms: bill of lading
book of lading
lading-can
Related terms: laden
lading
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈleɪdɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪdɪŋ
Etymology: Gerund of lade (verb). Cognate with Dutch lading (“cargo, charge”), German Ladung (“cargo, charge”), Polish ładunek (“cargo, charge”), Swedish laddning (“charge”). Doublet of loading.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of lade