cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
sinew
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪny/
ipa: /ˈsɪnjuː/
ipa: /ˈsɪnju/
ipa: /ˈsɪnjʉː/
Forms: form: sinews
form: sinnew
Etymology: From Middle English synwe, synewe (“tendon; ligament or other connective tissue; muscle; nerve; leaf vein”), from Old English sinu (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), from Proto-West Germanic *sinu, from Proto-Germanic *sinwō, *senawō (“sinew”), from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”), from *(s)neh₁- (“to twist (threads), spin, weave”).
The word is cognate with sinnow (“sinew”), Scots senon, sinnon, Saterland Frisian Siene (“sinew”), West Frisian senuw, sine (“sinew; nerve”), Dutch zenuw (“nerve, sinew”), German Sehne (“tendon, sinew; cord”), Icelandic sin (“tendon”), Swedish sena (“sinew”), Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (snāuuar, “tendon, sinew”), Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “tendon; nerve; cord”), Latin nervus (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), Sanskrit स्नावन् (snāván, “sinew, tendon; muscle”), Tocharian B ṣñor (“sinew”). Doublet of nerve and neuron.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: A cord or tendon of the body.
glosses: A cord or string, particularly (music) as of a musical instrument.
glosses: Muscular power, muscle; nerve, nervous energy; vigor, vigorous strength.
examples: text: [S]he loſt a noble and renowned brother, in his loue toward her, euer moſt kinde and naturall: with him the portion and ſinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry: with both, her combynate-husband, this well-ſeeming Angelo.
ref: c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 72, column 2:
text: The Bodies of Men, Munition, and Mony may justly be called the ſinews of War, yet of them the two firſt are more neceſſary, for Men and Arms have means to find Mony and Meate: but Mony and Meate cannot ſo eaſily find Soldiers and ſwords.
ref: 1658, Walter Raleigh, “A Collection of Political Observations (Confirmed by Reason and Experience) Advertising Princes, Statesmen, and Private Persons how to Demean Themselves in All Fortunes and Events”, in The Cabinet-Council: Containing the Cheif^([sic]) Arts of Empire, and Mysteries of State; […], London: Published by John Milton; printed by Tho[mas] Newcomb for Tho[mas] Johnson […], →OCLC, page 101:
text: Good company and good discourse are the very sinews of virtue.
ref: 1653, Iz[aak] Wa[lton], The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation. Being a Discourse of Fish and Fishing, […], London: […] T. Maxey for Rich[ard] Marriot, […], →OCLC; reprinted as The Compleat Angler (Homo Ludens; 6), Nieuwkoop, South Holland, Netherlands: Miland Publishers, 1969, →ISBN:
glosses: That which gives strength or in which strength consists; a supporting factor or member; mainstay.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: A nerve.
Coordinate terms: sense: cord or string
word: twine
Derived terms: word: insinewed
word: sinewed
word: sinewish
word: sinewless
word: sinewous
word: sinew-shrunk
word: sinews of war
word: sinewy
sinew
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪny/
ipa: /ˈsɪnjuː/
ipa: /ˈsɪnju/
ipa: /ˈsɪnjʉː/
Forms: form: sinews
form: sinewing
form: sinewed
form: sinewed
Etymology: From Middle English synwe, synewe (“tendon; ligament or other connective tissue; muscle; nerve; leaf vein”), from Old English sinu (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), from Proto-West Germanic *sinu, from Proto-Germanic *sinwō, *senawō (“sinew”), from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”), from *(s)neh₁- (“to twist (threads), spin, weave”).
The word is cognate with sinnow (“sinew”), Scots senon, sinnon, Saterland Frisian Siene (“sinew”), West Frisian senuw, sine (“sinew; nerve”), Dutch zenuw (“nerve, sinew”), German Sehne (“tendon, sinew; cord”), Icelandic sin (“tendon”), Swedish sena (“sinew”), Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (snāuuar, “tendon, sinew”), Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “tendon; nerve; cord”), Latin nervus (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), Sanskrit स्नावन् (snāván, “sinew, tendon; muscle”), Tocharian B ṣñor (“sinew”). Doublet of nerve and neuron.
Senses: examples: text: And now to London with Triumphant march, / There to be crowned Englands Royall King: / From whence, ſhall Warwicke cut the Sea to France, / And aske the Ladie Bona for thy Queene: / So ſhalt thou ſinow both theſe Lands together, / And hauing France thy Friend, thou ſhalt not dread / The ſcattred Foe, that hopes to riſe againe: […]
ref: c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], pages 157–158:
text: [I]t were to be wiſhed that we tried the restrictive arts of government, and made law the protector, but not the tyrant of the people. […] [W]e ſhould then find that wretches, now ſtuck up for long tortures, left luxury ſhould feel a momentary pang, might, if properly treated, ſerve to ſinew the ſtate in times of danger; […]
ref: 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], “The Same Subject Continued”, in The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume II, Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC, page 123:
glosses: To knit together or make strong with, or as if with, sinews.
Derived terms: unsinew
sinewy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪnjuːi/
Forms: form: more sinewy
form: most sinewy
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English synwy, synewy, synowy (“tendonous”); equivalent to sinew + -y.
Senses: examples: text: I haue beene wooed, as I intreat thee now,
Euen by the ſterne, and direfull God of warre,
VVhoſe ſinowie necke in battel nere did bow,
VVho conquers where he comes in euery iarre; […]
ref: 1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 17], lines [97–100]:
text: His right hand (which seemed to me somewhat hairy and sinewy, a sign of great strength in its owner) lay on the side of his heart; […]
ref: 1885, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, “Of the Wonderful Things the Incomparable Don Quixote Said He Saw in the Profound Cave of Montesinos, the Impossibility and Magnitude of which Cause this Adventure to be Deemed Apocryphal”, in John Ormsby, transl., The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha […] In Four Vols, volume III, London: Smith, Elder & Co. […], →OCLC, part II, page 251:
synonyms: stringy
glosses: Tough; having strong sinews.
glosses: Having or showing nervous strength.
examples: text: Worthy fellows, and like to prove most sinewy swordmen
ref: c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
text: Hawat put a sinewy finger beside his eye.
ref: 1965 (original), Frank Herbert, Dune, Ace Edition; June 1987, Pennsylvania, page 32
glosses: Possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful.
raw_tags: of a person or animal
Derived terms: sinewiness
aglow
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɡloʊ/
rhymes: -əʊ
Forms: form: more aglow
form: most aglow
Etymology: From a- + glow.
Senses: examples: text: My prayer is a rapture in blue
With a world far away
And your lips close to mine
Tonight while our hearts are aglow
Oh, tell me the words I am longing to know
ref: 1939, “My Prayer”, performed by The Ink Spots:
text: The fall wind stirs and the earth is aglow. Everything is golden.
ref: 1986 August 23, Maria Resto, “For the Sleeping Dragons”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 6, page 9:
text: Kabul skies were aglow with fireworks as Afghans celebrated stunning Cricket World Cup victory over Pakistan.
ref: 2023 October 24, “Rare public joy in Kabul after Afghanistan’s World Cup win over Pakistan”, in Al-Jazeera:
glosses: glowing; radiant
foto
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fotos
Senses: examples: text: Have your foto
ref: 1909, sign on an Atlantic City (New Jersey) beach, photographed and shown in National Geographic (August 2015), volume 228, number 2, page 132
roman: in a bathingsuit
text: Reply with foto and phone to GCN box 719
ref: 1977 April 23, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, page 18:
text: But it didn't matter, fotos or drawings. They were all illustrations of tall, slinky girls with abnormally large breasts striving to be contained within abnormally small brassieres […]
ref: 2000, Sam George Arcus, Deja Views of an Aging Orphan: Growing Up in the Hebrew National Orphan Home, →ISBN:
glosses: Alternative spelling of photo.
arched
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑɹt͡ʃt/
ipa: /ɑːtʃt/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tʃt
Senses: examples: text: His arched back ached from the constant strain.
text: The lobule margins, furthermore, are arched away from the lobe, with the consequence that (when fully inflated) the abaxial leaf surface forms the interior lining of the lobule.
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 7:
glosses: Curved.
Derived terms: arched harp
black-arched moth
nonarched
overarched
unarched
arched
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑɹt͡ʃt/
ipa: /ɑːtʃt/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tʃt
Senses: examples: text: He arched his back into a half-moon curve trying to get the stiffness out.
glosses: simple past and past participle of arch
antifriction
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From anti- + friction.
Senses: glosses: Reducing or intended to reduce friction.
hooked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ho͝okt
ipa: /hʊkt/
rhymes: -ʊkt
Etymology: From hook + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of hook
hooked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ho͝okt
ipa: /hʊkt/
rhymes: -ʊkt
Forms: form: more hooked
form: most hooked
Etymology: From hook + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: a hooked nose
glosses: Having a sharp curve at the end; resembling a hook.
examples: text: He will never leave her because he is hooked on her chocolate chip cookies.
text: You only have to try heroin once to become hooked.
glosses: Addicted; unable to resist or cease doing.
Synonyms: sense: resembling a hook
word: bent
sense: resembling a hook
word: crooked
sense: resembling a hook
word: curved
sense: addicted
word: addicted
Derived terms: hookedness
subhooked
fishing hook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fishing hooks
Senses: glosses: A (generally barbed) sharp curved implement used to catch fish using a line.
Synonyms: fishhook
salugi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: salugis
Etymology: See Saluki.
Senses: examples: text: And when the boy had grown up, he went up on the roof of his house and he saw a salūgī (i.e. greyhound or hunting dog) which was following a man who was walking on the highway.
ref: 1931, Ernest Wallis Budge, Egyptian Tales and Romances, page 119:
text: He had four Salugis, all hairless ones, of a biscuit colour, very large to my eyes. I measured them and they were from 22-24 inches high, very ugly dogs, of the slinking type
ref: 1939, Thomas Edward Lawrence, The Letters of T.E. Lawrence, page 159:
text: An animal appearing frequently on these seals was the salugi. It is a dog of the greyhound type still common in the Near East. Fortunately for the salugi, it is not classed as a dog in Arabic.
ref: 1941, Cyrus H. Gordon, The Living Past, page 75:
glosses: Alternative spelling of Saluki (“a breed of hound originating in the Middle East”).
salugi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: saloogie
form: sloogie
form: saluggi
form: salugie
Etymology: Unknown. Attested in print from the 1950s; likely used earlier.
Senses: examples: text: They had seized the tan derby of one of their number; three others in sharp suits and silk waistcoats were tossing it around in a wild game of salugi.
ref: 1956, Gerald Green, The Last Angry Man, page 193:
text: Then he grabs a hat off Jim, a guy about my age who never says anything, and they all playing saloogie around him with it like a bunch of kids.
ref: 1966, Jay Neugeboren, Big Man, page 55:
text: the taste of pencils and Louis Bocca's ear / torn off by the fence in a game of salugi.
ref: 1995, August Kleinzahler, “The Old Schoolyard in August”, in The American Poetry Review, volume 24, page 24:
synonyms: keep-away
monkey in the middle
piggy in the middle
glosses: A keep-away game in which children throw around an object with the aim of keeping it away from a particular child (often the owner of the object) or from another group of children; keepings off.
grouchy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹaʊt͡ʃi/
rhymes: -aʊtʃi
Forms: form: grouchier
form: grouchiest
Etymology: US 1895. From grouch + -y. Originally US college student slang.
Senses: examples: text: His boss gets grouchy when deadlines draw near.
text: Not that young Pat had a nasty temper, or was grouchy as his father had feared.
ref: 1911, Jack London, chapter III, in The Abysmal Brute:
text: He went in to mumble that he was "sorry, didn't mean to be grouchy," and to inquire as to her interest in movies.
ref: 1922, Sinclair Lewis, chapter XXXI, in Babbitt:
text: In Berlin I once heard Susie Clemens—ill-fated, talented girl, who died so young—say to her father: "Grouchy again! They do say that you can be funny when company is around—too bad that you don't consider Henry Fisher company."
ref: 1922, Henry William Fischer, “Author's Preface”, in Abroad with Mark Twain and Eugene Field:
glosses: Irritable; easily upset; angry; tending to complain.
Synonyms: cranky
grumpy
tetchy
Derived terms: grouchies
grouchily
grouchiness
ungrouchy
Related terms: grouch
part and parcel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: parts and parcels
Etymology: "Parcel" is used in its archaic sense of "an integral or component part." Originally used as a legal term.
Senses: examples: text: Regular maintenance is part and parcel of owning a car.
text: Argument structure is thus considered to be part and parcel of the information associated with lexical, syntactically atomic verbs.
ref: 1998, Wilhelm Geuder, Miriam Butt, The Projection of Arguments, Introduction:
text: It's a great idea to get good at using vibrators both on yourself (if you like them) and on partners. For many women, vibrators are part and parcel of good sex. Sometimes you'll like having unassisted sex for a while and then finish off with a vibrator. Sometimes a vibe can be great to add to penetrative sex.
ref: 2016, Allison Moon, “Mapping Your Route: Anatomy & Orgasm”, in Girl Sex 101, 2nd edition, Lunatic Ink, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 117:
text: On the date of RAIL's train test in early summer, there were just two sets in traffic. Class 170 (or even '158') substitutions were still part and parcel of the daily service, although availability has since improved.
ref: 2019 October 23, Pip Dunn, “The next king of Scotland”, in Rail, page 50:
glosses: An integral or essential piece; that which must be done or accepted as part of something else.
Related terms: come with the territory
tough nut to crack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tough nuts to crack
form: tougher nut to crack
form: toughest nut to crack
Senses: glosses: Synonym of hard nut to crack.
synonyms: word: hard nut to crack
Com.
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Coms.
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of comrade (as a title).
Com.
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of commercial.
nose out of joint
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: noses out of joint
Senses: examples: text: I think he got his nose out of joint when they promoted his friend but not him.
glosses: An emotional state where someone is in a bad mood because they have been offended by or taken exception (objected) to some action, usually involving being seen in an inferior light to another person.
Related terms: get one's knickers in a twist
simulant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈsɪmjʊlənt/
Forms: form: simulants
Etymology: From simulate + -ant.
Senses: examples: text: Due to its low cost and close visual likeness to diamond, cubic zirconia has remained the most gemologically and economically important diamond simulant since 1976.
text: He could invent a fictional restaurant for you to bite your burger at but any fictional restaurant would be, like Nomenex, a worthless simulant or inconcinne imitation, a placebic generic.
ref: 2012, Joshua Cohen, Four New Messages:
text: The soil sample, called LZS-1, is the latest in a list of lunar regolith simulants of varying quality that have been developed to help Nasa and other space agencies around the world prepare for missions to the Moon.
ref: 2023 April 25, Dhananjay Khadilkar, “Why scientists are making fake Moon dust”, in BBC:
glosses: Something that simulates something else such as a gemstone.
simulant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈsɪmjʊlənt/
Etymology: From simulate + -ant.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Simulating, replacing, or having the form or appearance of something else.
bee in one's bonnet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bees in one's bonnet
Senses: examples: text: He has had a bee in his bonnet ever since he heard about the problem.
text: The BBC is well used to being a punchbag for every crank with a bee in their bonnet or a score to settle but some critics are not so easily dismissed.
ref: 2008 July 11, “Is Graham Linehan right to slate BBC3 comedy?”, in The Guardian TV and radio blog:
text: McCain stands up for nuclear energy. This puts a spring in my step and a song in my heart. I have to give him credit; when he has a bee in his bonnet, he is often willing to stand up for things, like free trade and immigration, that freak voters out.
ref: 2008 September 26, Megan McArdle, “Yay nuclear!”, in The Atlantic:
text: Giraffedata has a single bee in his bonnet, the phrase "comprised of." He has written a 6,000-word essay on his Wikipedia user page explaining why he thinks it's an egregious error.
ref: 2015 March 12, Geoff Nunberg, “Don't You Dare Use ‘Comprised Of’ On Wikipedia: One Editor Will Take It Out”, in npr:
text: Reader Vivien Bailey also has a bee in her bonnet: “The usage that I detest is the growing use of the word ‘birth’ as a verb. This seems to have come in waves starting five or six years ago, and we’re in the middle of a wave now.”
ref: 2023 March 5, Jonathan Bouquet, “May I have a word about… being stuck in a permacrisis”, in The Observer, →ISSN:
synonyms: burr in one's saddle
glosses: Something of particular interest or concern; an obsession.
Related terms: bug up one's ass
pass on
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: passes on
form: passing on
form: passed on
form: passed on
Senses: synonyms: proceed
glosses: To go forward.
examples: text: Can you pass on the information next time you see him?
text: Does he know what I do? / And you'll pass this on, won't you? / And if I ask him once what would he say? / Is he willing? / Can he play?
ref: 2003, “Pass This On”, in Deep Cuts, performed by The Knife:
glosses: To convey or communicate.
glosses: To transfer (something) to someone, especially by handing or bequeathing it to the next person in a series.
examples: text: I'll pass on dessert, thanks.
glosses: To skip or decline.
examples: text: His uncle passed on last year.
text: A very fine woman, Martha’s mother. She passed on—let’s see—sixteen months ago, next June. No, fifteen months ago. […] She was a very fine old lady, and I was glad to do what I could.
ref: 1953, Jim Thompson, “Allen Talbert”, in The Criminal, Berkeley, Calif.: Black Lizard Books, published 1986, →ISBN, page 5:
synonyms: word: assume room temperature
word: auger in
word: be called home
word: be gathered to one's fathers
word: be no more
word: be with Jesus
word: be with the Lord
word: bite the big one
word: bite the biscuit
word: bite the dust
word: buy the farm
word: buy it
word: cark it
word: cash in
word: cash in one's chips
word: check out
word: close one's eyes for the last time
word: code
word: conk out
word: croak
word: cross over
word: cross rainbow bridge
word: cross the Great Divide
word: cross the Styx
word: decease
word: decompose
word: dematerialize
word: depart
word: disincarnate
word: draw one's last breath
word: drop off the hooks
word: exit
word: expire
word: flatline
word: forfare
word: get to be like the one
word: give one's all
word: give up the ghost
word: go for a burton
word: go gentle into that good night
word: go out
word: go over to the majority
word: go the way of all flesh
word: go the way of the dinosaurs
word: go the way of the dodo
word: go the way of the dodo bird
word: go to glory
word: go to one's reward
word: go west
word: hand in one's checks
word: hand in one's dinner pail
word: hop the twig
word: join the choir invisible
word: keel over
word: kick the bucket
word: kick off
word: knock off
word: liquidate
word: lose my life for Jesus Christ
word: lose the number of one's mess
word: meet one's doom
word: meet one's end
word: meet one's maker
word: pass
word: pass away
word: pass in one's checks
word: pass in one's marble
word: pass on
word: pass over
word: pass the river
word: pay nature's debt
word: pay the debt of nature
word: peg out
word: perish
word: pop off
word: pop one's clogs
word: shuffle off this mortal coil
word: sink
word: sleep with one's fathers
word: slip away
word: snuff it
word: succumb
word: take a dirt nap
word: turn up one's toes
word: yield up the ghost
glosses: To die.
Johnny-come-lately
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdʒɒni.kʌmˈleɪtli/
ipa: /ˌdʒɑːni.kʌmˈleɪtli/
Forms: form: Johnny-come-latelies
form: Johnnies-come-lately
form: johnny-come-lately
form: Jonny-come-lately
Senses: examples: text: She might take offense if some Johnny-come-lately thinks he can do a better job.
text: Morris now shared financial decisions with a woman, a female Johnny-come-lately. Imagine the eventuality of Morris's share of their fortune ever falling into such Johnny-come-lately hands. God forbid!
ref: 1963 [1961], Fannie Hurst, God Must Be Sad, New York: Pocket Books, page 79:
text: In a field increasingly populated with Johnnies-come-lately, Gittings is a Johnny-come-early: one only has to read this book to feel the depth and span of his knowledge.
ref: 2005 September 10, Martin Jacques, “Great leaps and bounds”, in The Guardian:
text: The government should give the agency its independence back so that it can get on with the task of protecting consumers in relation to food without political interference from johnny-come-lately ministers.
ref: 2014 August 21, Mike Pender, “Food safety too crucial to be left to johnny-come-lately ministers”, in The Guardian:
text: All these Johnny-come-latelies typically come out as irreverent, vulgar or immature and childlike.
ref: 2018, E. Khayyat, Istanbul 1940 and Global Modernity, Lexington Books, →ISBN, page 213:
synonyms: word: greenhorn
word: newcomer
word: novice
word: blow-in
word: come-here
word: comeling
word: entrant
word: FOB
word: fresh meat
word: freshie
word: greener
word: incomer
word: Johnny-come-lately
word: Johnny Raw
word: new chum
word: newcomer
word: newbie
word: newling
word: offcomer
word: outcomeling
word: stranger
word: abecedarian
word: alphabetarian
word: apprentice
word: amateur
word: beginner
word: bun
word: colt
word: first-timer
word: fledgling
word: fresh meat
word: freshman
word: greenhorn
word: greenie
word: greener
word: homo novus
word: inceptor
word: initiate
word: Johnny-come-lately
word: learner
word: neophyte
word: newbie
word: newb
word: newbro
word: new chum
word: newcomer
word: newling
word: noob
word: n00b
word: novice
word: novitiate
word: nozzer
word: nub
word: nubcake
word: puny
word: pup
word: probationer
word: probationist
word: probie
word: recruit
word: stranger
word: rookie
word: tenderfoot
word: trainee
word: tyro
word: younker
glosses: A newcomer; a novice; an upstart.
wpm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wpm
form: WPM
Senses: examples: text: So, if you're thinking at 400 and the person you're talking to is speaking at 150, then what you do with that extra 250 wpm capacity is going to determine how good a listener you are.
ref: 2010, Ivan Misner, David Alexander, Brian Hilliard, Networking Like a Pro: Turning Contacts Into Connections, Entrepreneur Press, →ISBN, page 98:
coordinate_terms: cps
ppm
glosses: Initialism of words per minute (“a measure of speed, as of output, typing, reading, or speech”).
hillbilly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɪlˌbɪli/
Forms: form: hillbillies
Etymology: From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”).
Senses: synonyms: word: hick
word: bogger
word: bogtrotter
word: boor
word: bucolic
word: bydlo
word: culchie
word: carl
word: churl
word: corncob
word: cornhusker
word: country bumpkin
word: country cousin
word: clodhopper
word: dubbo
word: joskin
word: hayseed
word: hillbilly
word: hick
word: hob
word: hobnail
word: hog-rubber
word: honyock
word: hunk
word: lob
word: promdi
word: provincial
word: redneck
word: rube
word: rustic
word: woolly back
word: yokel
glosses: Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication.
examples: text: Thanks to the massive migration from the poorer regions of Appalachia to places like Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Illinois, hillbilly values spread widely along with hillbilly people.
ref: 2017, JD Vance, Hillbilly Elegy, →ISBN, page 21:
glosses: A white person from the rural southern part of the United States, especially the Southeastern states.
Derived terms: fuckabilly
glitterbilly
grillbilly
hellbilly
hillbilly heroin
hillbilly hot tub
hillbillyish
hillbillyism
hillbillylike
hillbilly mango
hillbilly music
rockabilly
snowbilly
Related terms: mountain man
redneck
hillbilly
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɪlˌbɪli/
Forms: form: hillbillies
form: hillbillying
form: hillbillied
form: hillbillied
Etymology: From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”).
Senses: examples: text: Hillbillying troubadors, the bohemians of a new world, not cafe society but more like the poor white origins of an Elvis Presley.
ref: 1991, The Commonwealth Review - Volume 3, page 189:
text: Like Ken Lay, [Rebecca] Mark came from a small town in Missouri, one of four children in a farm family with deep fundamentalist beliefs. Her conversational style has been polished in Texas, and she is a master of “hillbillying,” the trick of playing up one’s humble origins.
ref: 2002 April 1, Marie Brenner, “The Enron Wars”, in Vanity Fair:
text: And Kerry doesn’t know how to hillbilly. And it is not a Texas thing, by the way. John F. Kennedy used to hillbilly us. And that meant that he flirted with us. He had a twinkle. Bill Clinton hillbillied us. And Kerry has got to learn how to do that. He has got to dial back and show some relaxed affability.
ref: 2004 April 30, Lesley Stahl, “Hardball”, in MSNBC:
glosses: To emphasize one's rural or humble upbringing; to use unsophisticated charm.
examples: text: I think that 20 to 30 years ago nonfundamentalists in America did make a great mistake by typing them, by hillbillying and backwoodsing and holy-rollering them.
ref: 2001, The New York Times Biographical Service, Volume 32, page 1540:
text: God damned mother fuckin son of a bitch cock suckin' asshole, who the fuck does he think he is, that dumb ass, half-brained, hillbillied redneck, given me that Jew shit when he's coppin' money and nobody's got the balls to stand up to him and they're gonna let me take the rap?
ref: 2006, Laurel Snyder, Half/life: Jew-ish Tales from Interfaith Homes, →ISBN, page 25:
text: The Warner Bros. cartoons, after having hillbillied themselves nearly to death during the 1930s, did not return to the trend during the late 1940s.
ref: 2008, Tim Hollis, Ain't That a Knee-Slapper, →ISBN, page 125:
glosses: To portray or act as an uneducated and unsophisticated fool.
glosses: To perform or experience stereotypically hillbilly-like actions.
make sure
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: makes sure
form: making sure
form: made sure
form: made sure
Senses: examples: text: I'm going to make sure that I get to the interview on time.
text: I expected to be able to get to the interview on time, but I left home earlier than usual just to make sure.
text: "We want to do everything we can to make sure everyone has a hassle-free journey.
ref: 2022 January 26, “Network News: TSSA opposes ScotRail's booking office proposals”, in RAIL, number 949, page 28:
glosses: To ensure that something specific happens, is done etc., or of something happening.
examples: text: When you leave, make sure you have locked the door behind you.
text: Make sure of your sources before you publish.
glosses: To make oneself certain (of something, or that something is the case); to verify, to ascertain.
examples: text: “The gun!” said he.
“I have thought of that,” said I, for I made sure he was thinking of a bombardment of the fort. “They could never get the gun ashore, and if they did, they could never haul it through the woods.”
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
text: ‘I put my name to a bill for Fred; it was for a hundred and sixty pounds. He made sure he could meet it himself.’
ref: 1872, George Eliot, Middlemarch, Book III, chapter 24:
text: "You—you said God would bring papa back, if I prayed to Him, and I did, Ann. I've asked God every day, and I've been expecting papa ever since, and when Jack brought the dinner to-day, I made sure he had come at last."
ref: 1888, Emma Leslie, “Chapter 6”, in The Sunday at Home, Religious Tract Society, page 575:
text: 'You won't stay? Not even for one night? Oh, but, Kate, there's so much to do. I made sure you'd both stay to help me,' Dot said, despair coursing through her at the thought of the solitary tasks ahead.
ref: 2012, Judith Saxton, Family Feeling:
glosses: To feel certain of something; to be convinced.
examples: text: […] then his marriage shall be ſolemniz'd, / For wrote you not that I haue made him ſure / Vnto our Coſin, the Earle of Gloſters heire.
ref: 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I]:
text: Women are borne, but to make fooles of men.
She that's made sure to him, she loves not well,
Her banes are ask'd here, but she wedds in hell;
Parents that match their children gainst their will,
Teach them not how to live, but how to kill.
ref: 1631 (year of first performance), Thomas Dekker, The Wonder of a Kingdom, act V:
glosses: To betroth.
Synonyms: word: make certain
word: * see
word: make doubly sure
sense: ensure
word: to it
Related terms: sure of
polychromatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɑlikɹəˈmætɪk/
ipa: /ˌpɒlikɹəʊˈmætɪk/
Etymology: From poly- + chromatic.
Senses: examples: text: With our water goggles adjusted we gazed at the fishes displaying their polychromatic scales to the sea world, as, with true Puka-Pukan languor, they finned from coral to coral.
ref: 1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka, Eland, published 2019, page 76:
text: As I rounded the corner nearest my hotel the Afrite coachman of the polychromatic, nonpareil coat seized me, swung open the dungeony door of his peripatetic sarcophagus, flirted his feather duster and began his ritual: […]
ref: 1910, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], Strictly Business:
synonyms: see at polychrome
coordinate_terms: see at polychrome
glosses: Showing a variety, or a change, of colours; having many colours.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Composed of more than one wavelength.
raw_tags: of electromagnetic radiation
Synonyms: sense: having many colours
word: motley
word: multicolored
word: polyhued
Derived terms: polychromatic acid
polychromatically
give someone a hard time
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: gives someone a hard time
form: giving someone a hard time
form: gave someone a hard time
form: given someone a hard time
Senses: examples: text: During WWII, German troops gave the Allies a hard time in Italy, but eventually the Allies broke through.
glosses: To cause difficulty or make trouble for someone.
examples: text: He's usually pretty good-natured when the children give him a hard time about his bald spot.
glosses: To tease, kid or rib someone.
strike while the iron is hot
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: strikes while the iron is hot
form: striking while the iron is hot
form: struck while the iron is hot
form: struck while the iron is hot
Etymology: The adage originates from the common craft of blacksmithing. It appears in Chaucer's The Tale of Melibee, "right so as whil that iren is hoot men sholden smyte". (Harvard)
It gained additional meaning when used as a motto by Joseph Paisley - a blacksmith at Gretna Green who married eloping couples at his anvil. (History in the Margins)
Senses: topics: engineering
metallurgy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
qualifier: blacksmithing
glosses: To strike a hot piece of metal, especially iron, with a mallet or other tool before it cools, while it is still hot enough to be shaped.
examples: text: We should strike while the iron is hot and order some immediately, before they change the offer.
text: The Gap thus stopp'd, with her Army she marcheth to the Cage that kept those Birds, whose Wings she would be clipping. She knew if she struck not while the Iron was hot, the heat of a popular Faction would quickly sink and lessen.
ref: c. 1620s, Elizabeth Cary [misattributed to Henry Cary], The History Of the most unfortunate Prince King Edward II. […] , London: A.G. and F. P., published 1680, page 41:
glosses: To act on an opportunity promptly while favorable conditions exist; to avoid waiting.
Synonyms: make hay while the sun shines
take time by the forelock
Related terms: grasp the nettle
time and tide wait for no man
hat in hand
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: with hat in hand
form: cap in hand
Senses: examples: text: Hat in hand, the sailors stood deferentially in a semicircle before him.
ref: 1849, Herman Melville, chapter 61, in Redburn: His First Voyage:
text: "D'you think the proud English corporations are going to let you inside? Not them. The most you'll get will be the scraps that fall from their table, my poor Lazarus, and for these you'll have to go hat in hand to Dives."
ref: 1915, John Buchan, chapter 5, in Salute to Adventurers:
text: Turkish leaders are accustomed to visiting Europe with hat in hand, seeking to make compromises.
ref: 2015 October 5, James Kanter, Tim Arango, “Turkish Leader Says E.U. Should Do More About Syria”, in New York Times, retrieved 07 Oct 2015:
text: But the Americans should also not expect Mr Xi to be arriving hat in hand and eager to please.Many believe mutual suspicion will endure and the two leaders will not likely remove existing trade and economic roadblocks put up in the name of national security.
ref: 2023 November 15, Tessa Wong, “Xi Jinping arrives in US as his Chinese Dream sputters”, in BBC:
glosses: With humility; in an apologetic or self-effacing fashion.
Capuchins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Capuchin
throng
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: thrŏng
ipa: /θɹɒŋ/
enpr: thrông
ipa: /θɹɔŋ/
ipa: /θɹɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Forms: form: throngs
Etymology: From Middle English throng, thrang, from Old English þrang, ġeþrang (“crowd, press, tumult”), from Proto-Germanic *þrangwą, *þrangwō (“throng”), from *þrangwaz (“pressing, narrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *trenkʷ- (“to beat; pound; hew; press”). Cognate with Dutch drang, German Drang. Compare also German Gedränge (“throng”).
Senses: examples: text: Not to know me argues yourselves unknown,
The lowest of your throng.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
text: Perhaps you suppose this throng / Can't keep it up all day long?
ref: 1885, Gilbert and Sullivan, The Mikado, act 1:
text: Miss Phyllis Morgan, as the hapless heroine dressed in the shabbiest of clothes, appears in the midst of a gay and giddy throng; she apostrophises all and sundry there, including the villain, and has a magnificent scene which always brings down the house, and nightly adds to her histrionic laurels.
ref: 1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Affair at the Novelty Theatre”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:
text: Here, mingled with the Persians, who were rushing to the higher ground with the same effort as ourselves, we remained motionless until sunrise of the next day, so crowded together that the bodies of the slain, held upright by the throng, could nowhere find room to fall, and that in front of me a soldier with his head cut in two, and split into equal halves by a powerful sword stroke, was so pressed on all sides that he stood erect like a stump.
ref: 1939, Ammianus Marcellinus, John Carew Rolfe, Ammianus Marcellinus, volume 1, Harvard University Press, page 463:
text: I imagine throngs of people – well-dressed, sipping spritzes – in front of a boat that, to me, is a coffin which held 700 people.
ref: 2019 May 12, Lorenzo Tondo, “I have seen the tragedy of Mediterranean migrants. This ‘art’ makes me feel uneasy”, in The Guardian:
text: On arrival at Edinburgh Waverley, I fight my way through the throngs of tourists and locals turning the place into a human anthill.
ref: 2024 November 27, Paul Bigland, “Around the UK on nearly 80 trains...”, in RAIL, number 1023, page 48:
synonyms: crowd
multitude
glosses: A group of people crowded or gathered closely together.
examples: text: Bloody corpses, broken bones reveal / A throng of clashes crushed, our nightmare sealed / Amongst the shadows and the stones
ref: 2001, Trivium, “Amongst the Shadows & the Stones”:
glosses: A group of things; a host or swarm.
throng
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: thrŏng
ipa: /θɹɒŋ/
enpr: thrông
ipa: /θɹɔŋ/
ipa: /θɹɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Forms: form: throngs
form: thronging
form: thronged
form: thronged
Etymology: From Middle English throng, thrang, from Old English þrang, ġeþrang (“crowd, press, tumult”), from Proto-Germanic *þrangwą, *þrangwō (“throng”), from *þrangwaz (“pressing, narrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *trenkʷ- (“to beat; pound; hew; press”). Cognate with Dutch drang, German Drang. Compare also German Gedränge (“throng”).
Senses: examples: text: By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.
ref: 1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:
text: Gay sex remains illegal but is rarely prosecuted, and an estimated 26,000 revelers thronged this year’s annual Pink Dot gay rights rally — one of the largest public gatherings of any sort seen in recent years.
ref: 2014 July 11, Charlie Campbell, “Singapore Provokes Outrage by Pulping Kids’ Books About Gay Families”, in Time:
glosses: To crowd into a place, especially to fill it.
examples: text: […]I have seen the dumb men throng to see him and / The blind to bear him speak:[…]
ref: c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
glosses: To congregate.
examples: text: Much people followed him, and thronged him.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 5:24:
text: A third is wroth: ‘Is this an hour
⁠For private sorrow’s barren song,
⁠When more and more the people throng
The chairs and thrones of civil power?’
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 35:
text: Pulling my hat down over my eyes, so as to hide somewhat the emotions which had thronged my countenance, I took a long look at the man whom I so long had sought.
ref: 1861, E. J. Guerin, Mountain Charley, page 24:
glosses: To crowd or press, as persons; to oppress or annoy with a crowd of living beings.
Related terms: thring
throng
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: thrŏng
ipa: /θɹɒŋ/
enpr: thrông
ipa: /θɹɔŋ/
ipa: /θɹɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Forms: form: more throng
form: most throng
Etymology: From Middle English throng, thrang, from Old English þrang, ġeþrang (“crowd, press, tumult”), from Proto-Germanic *þrangwą, *þrangwō (“throng”), from *þrangwaz (“pressing, narrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *trenkʷ- (“to beat; pound; hew; press”). Cognate with Dutch drang, German Drang. Compare also German Gedränge (“throng”).
Senses: examples: text: Earth, sweet Earth, sweet landscape, with leavès throng / And louchèd low grass, heaven that dost appeal / To, with no tongue to plead, no heart to feel; / That canst but only be, but dost that long— […]
ref: 1882, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “Ribblesdale”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 54:
glosses: Filled with persons or objects; crowded.
examples: text: Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.
ref: 1903, Samuel Butler, chapter 59, in The Way of All Flesh:
text: [P]eople were having holidays all round the world, though the Glasgow shops and offices and factories were as throng with business as ever.
ref: 1992, Alasdair Gray, Poor Things, Bloomsbury, published 2002, page 200:
glosses: Busy; hurried.
reactionary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/
Forms: form: more reactionary
form: most reactionary
Etymology: From French réactionnaire. Used in the time of the French revolution to refer to a person opposing the revolution; as in favoring a reaction against the revolution.
Senses: examples: text: There's a fairly simple reason for the embrace of radicalism on the right, and it has to do with the reactionary imperative that lies at the core of conservative doctrine. […] If he is to preserve what he values, the conservative must declare war against the culture as it is.
ref: 2011 September 29, Corey Robin, The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OL, page 25:
text: [Jeffrey] Epstein was interested in transhumanism, a theory of human perfection via technological manipulation that—like its predecessor, eugenics—is shot through with racist and reactionary ideas.
ref: 2019 August 7, Marissa Brostoff, Noah Kulwin, “The Right Kind of Continuity”, in Jewish Currents:
topics: government
politics
synonyms: antiprogressive
regressive
antonyms: progressive
nonreactionary
glosses: Extremely conservative; opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past.
examples: text: Psychiatry extends the theory into biology in the belief that all human behavior is nothing more than a series of reactionary chemical processes in the brain that determine pre-coded genetic responses built up from the conditioning of one’s environment.
ref: 2013, Brandon Smith, Are Individuals The Property Of The Collective?:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Of, pertaining to, participating in, or inducing a chemical reaction.
examples: text: The regulator noted that reduced service levels and passenger numbers helped deliver strong performance, with fewer reactionary delays.
ref: 2020 December 16, “Network News: ORR praises Network Rail's response to pandemic”, in Rail, page 13:
glosses: In reaction to; as a result of.
Derived terms: neo-reactionary
reactionaryism
reactionary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/
ipa: /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/
Forms: form: reactionaries
Etymology: From French réactionnaire. Used in the time of the French revolution to refer to a person opposing the revolution; as in favoring a reaction against the revolution.
Senses: examples: text: Hindu reactionaries, whose conception of a well-ordered society had not moved beyond the laws of Manu, fell into line for the moment with the intellectual products of the modern Indian University.
ref: 1921, Valentine Chirol, India, Old and New:
text: It is not simply a conservative preference for things as they are, with a few nudges back, but a passionate loathing of the status quo and a desire to return to the past in one emotionally cathartic revolt. If conservatives are pessimistic, reactionaries are apocalyptic.
ref: 2017 April, Andrew Sullivan, “The Reactionary Temptation”, in New York [Magazine]:
topics: government
politics
glosses: One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires.
Synonyms: antiprogressive
Derived terms: neo-reactionary
commodities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈmɑdətiz/
ipa: /kəˈmɒdətiz/
Senses: glosses: plural of commodity
besieged
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /bəˈsiːd͡ʒd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of besiege
illuminated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈlumɪneɪtɪd/
ipa: /ɪˈl(j)uːmɪneɪtɪd/
Forms: form: more illuminated
form: most illuminated
Senses: synonyms: lighted
lit up
glosses: Irradiated by light, lit.
examples: text: On the table lay an illuminated missal and a silver crucifix. The Abbess herself was seated in the chair—pale, abstracted, and with features whose expression, in repose at least, was severe.
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter X, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 205:
text: From this list are purposely omitted books printed upon vellum, Books of Hours of the Virgin Mary, and illuminated books; for these are rarities within reach of the wealthy only.
ref: 1922, P. B. M. Allan, chapter VIII, in The Book-Hunter at Home, 2nd edition, London: Philip Allan & Co., page 203:
glosses: Decorated and illustrated.
raw_tags: of a manuscript
Synonyms: word: alight
word: illuminated
word: inlighted
word: lighted
word: lighty
word: lit
word: lit up
word: luminous
Hyponyms: word: candlelighted
word: candlelit
word: earthlit
word: firelit
word: floodlit
word: footlighted
word: gaslit
word: headlighted
word: lamplit
word: matchlit
word: moonlighted
word: moonlit
word: moonshiny
word: starlit
word: streetlit
word: strip-lit
word: sunlit
word: sunny
word: torchlit
Derived terms: nonilluminated
underilluminated
unilluminated
Related terms: word: illuminate
word: shining
illuminated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈlumɪneɪtɪd/
ipa: /ɪˈl(j)uːmɪneɪtɪd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of illuminate