cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
clothing bin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: clothing bins
Senses: synonyms: clothing donation bin
clothing recycle bin
glosses: A container in which clothing is placed to be donated to charity organizations.
cult hit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cult hits
Senses: glosses: Something (almost always a film, book, song, etc.) which is very popular among a specific, narrow audience.
glosses: Something (almost always a film, book, song, etc.) which is very popular, and which was popularized by a specific, narrow group of fans.
desolventizing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From de- + solvent + -ize + -ing.
Senses: glosses: A process whereby a line or piece of equipment is flushed clear of solvent.
helium-3
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: With its magnetic field drastically weakened and much of its atmosphere lost, what remains intact of H-047c's surface is vulnerable to cosmic radiation. This has rendered the soil unable to support life, though it is a potential source of valuable helium-3.
ref: 2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (science fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: H-047c Codex entry:
text: What Interlune is trying to do [the startup aims to develop robotic lunar mining camps] is far from child’s play. Helium-3, an industrially prized cousin of the isotope of the gas we use to fill party balloons, is rare on Earth. In 2024 it sold for $2,500 per liter, or roughly $19 million a kilogram, according to a report from Edelgas Group. […] The company faces daunting hurdles to get there. Though there is more helium-3 on the moon, it’s still far from abundant. Even if Interlune can find lunar regions with higher concentrations, collecting a commercially viable amount of helium-3 means developing and transporting to the moon machines that can chew through millions of tons of regolith, the loose debris that covers the lunar surface from billions of years of micrometeorite impacts. Autonomously. With no boots on the ground to repair them as they kick up dust more abrasive than anything on Earth. […] Interlune expects less than 1% of the gas they’ll get when they crush lunar regolith will be helium-3 – it’s estimated to exist only in the single- to double-digit parts per billion. To separate it from balloon helium and hydrogen, they’re cooling it all beyond negative 450 degrees Fahrenheit, at which point the other gases will liquefy and the helium-3 can be siphoned off.
ref: 2025 September 2, Jeremy Bogaisky, “This Startup Is Racing To Be The First To Mine Helium On The Moon”, in Forbes:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
hypernyms: helium
<
element
<
substance#Noun
material#Noun
coordinate_terms: helium-4
glosses: The rare isotope of helium, ³₂He, that has a single neutron.
Related terms: english: a helium-3 ion
translation: a helium-3 ion
word: helion
english: a helium-4 ion
translation: a helium-4 ion
word: alpha particle
helium-4
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
hypernyms: helium
<
element
<
substance#Noun
material#Noun
coordinate_terms: helium-3
glosses: The normal isotope of helium, ⁴₂He, that has two neutrons.
Related terms: english: a helium-4 ion
translation: a helium-4 ion
word: alpha particle
english: a helium-3 ion
translation: a helium-3 ion
word: helion
Weedjie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Weedjies
Senses: examples: text: Ah've never met one Weedjie whae didnae think that they are the only genuinely suffering proletarians in Scotland, Western Europe, the World.
ref: 1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN:
glosses: Alternative form of Weegie.
lithium-6
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A stable isotope ⁶₃Li, having three protons and three neutrons, that makes up about 7% of natural lithium; it is used in the nuclear industry.
Related terms: lithium-7
lithium-7
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A stable isotope, ⁷₃Li, having three protons and four neutrons, that makes up about 93% of natural lithium.
Related terms: lithium-6
beryllium-9
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The only stable isotope of beryllium, ⁹₄Be, having four protons and five neutrons
boron-10
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A stable isotope, ¹⁰₅B, having five protons and five neutrons, that makes up about 20% of natural boron; it is a good absorber of slow neutrons and is used as a radiation shield in Geiger counters
Related terms: boron-11
boron-11
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A stable isotope, ¹¹₅B, having five protons and six neutrons, that makes up about 80% of natural boron.
Related terms: boron-10
thanks for nothing
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: examples: I brought another pencil for you, but I accidentally broke it. - Thanks for nothing; now I'll have to find yet another one.
glosses: Expression of displeasure towards a person who has not provided what was wanted.
Related terms: thank you
thuggishness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From thuggish + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality or state of being thuggish.
thuggish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈθʌɡɪʃ/
rhymes: -ʌɡɪʃ
Forms: form: more thuggish
form: most thuggish
Etymology: From thug + -ish.
Senses: examples: text: Their thuggish manner made continuing negotiations very difficult.
text: We were Jews—and not only were we not inferior to the goyim who beat us at football, but the chances were that because we could not commit our hearts to victory in such a thuggish game, we were superior!
ref: 1969, Philip Roth, Portnoy’s Complaint, New York: Vintage, published 1994, The Jewish Blues, page 56:
text: They were a motley collection; a mixture of the weak seeking protection, the ambitious seeking some shared glory, and the thuggish gravitating toward a leader who could show them more refined forms of cruelty.
ref: 2005 July 16, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], chapter 17, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Harry Potter; 6), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, pages 361-362:
text: He said gardaí had responded professionally to “thuggish violence” in the area and those arrested would be “charged, named and dealt with relentlessly” by the criminal justice system.
ref: 2025 October 22, Jim O'Callaghan, quotee, “Second night of unrest in Dublin as protesters target asylum hotel”, in The Guardian, sourced from P. A. Media, →ISSN:
glosses: Characterized by thuggery; behaving in a violent or intimidating way; appearing to be violent or intimidating.
examples: text: […] beside the deceitfulness of the heart and the carnality common to all men, the deep ignorance of the heathen, the abjectness of their social condition, their vain but venerated traditions, their time-honored customs of profligacy, impelling to infanticide, parricide, Thuggish murders, and cannibalism—all conflict steadily with the holiest efforts to transform them into symmetrical Christians.
ref: 1840, Nathan S. S. Beman, The Gospel Adapted to the Wants of the World: A Sermon, preached in Providence, R. I., Sept. 9, 1840, Boston: Crocker and Brewster, page 36:
text: Occasionally you might have beheld us chasing up scores of Dorkings,—which had been our admiration for the twelvemonth, and massacreing them remorselessly for the public good: our turkeys and geese, too, were in continual jeopardy of their lives. But,—these Thuggish propensities notwithstanding, we took a paternal interest in our feathered family.
ref: 1859, anonymous author, Brook Farm: The Amusing and Memorable of American Country Life, London: MacIntosh and Hunt, page 113:
text: There are not wanting in this Christian land
The breast remorseless and the Thuggish hand,
ref: 1871, Alfred Austin, The Golden Age: A Satire, London: Chapman and Hall, page 70:
glosses: Resembling or characteristic of the assassins known as thugs or thuggees (often capitalized in this sense).
Derived terms: thuggishly
thuggishness
thuggery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: thuggeries
Etymology: From thug + -ery.
Senses: glosses: The violent, criminal acts that are associated with thugs, and/or the fashion, manner of speaking, and demeanor associated with them.
Synonyms: thuggishness
thugness
traduced
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of traduce
Synonyms: maligned
Related terms: traducement
traducer
traducingly
earmarked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of earmark
exacerbated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of exacerbate
Kimberley
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɪmbə(ɹ)li/
Etymology: English place name "wood or clearing of Kyneburga (a seventh century female saint)", from Old English cyne- (“royal”) + burh (“fortress”) + lēah (“leigh, clearing”).
Senses: glosses: Any of several places:
The capital city of the Northern Cape, South Africa, noted for diamond mining.
glosses: Any of several places:
The northernmost region in Western Australia.
glosses: Any of several places:
A locality in Meander Valley council area, Tasmania, Australia.
glosses: Any of several places:
A city in southeast British Columbia, Canada.
glosses: Any of several places:
A small village and civil parish in South Norfolk district, Norfolk, England (OS grid ref TG0704).
glosses: Any of several places:
A town and civil parish with a town council in Broxtowe borough, Nottinghamshire, England (OS grid ref SK4944).
glosses: Any of several places:
A rural area of Selwyn district, in central Canterbury, New Zealand.
glosses: A habitational surname from Old English.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname or place name (site of a battle in the Boer Wars).
examples: text: It will take some getting used to, a husband named Kim. She has known girls named Kim since she was a squirt in a sunsuit. Quite a few really. Kimberleys and plain Kims.
ref: 1991, Don DeLillo, Mao II, Viking, →ISBN, page 16:
glosses: A female given name transferred from the surname, variant of Kimberly, popular in the 1960s and the 1970s.
Derived terms: Kimberley horse disease
kimberlite
Related terms: Kimberly
psychographics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The use of demographics to obtain marketing data from people's attitudes, lifestyles etc.
photoheterotrophy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + heterotrophy.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: The generation of biological energy from light, together with organic compounds and / or carbon dioxide
Related terms: photoautotrophy
photoheterotroph
step stool
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: step stools
form: stepstool
Etymology: From step + stool.
Senses: glosses: A stool of various designs with one or more steps; in some designs the steps may be folded away underneath the seat when not in use.
Related terms: footstool
step ladder
step chair
Chloraseptic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A brand of oral antiseptic.
Kimmy
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɪmi/
rhymes: -ɪmi
Etymology: From Kim + -y.
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the female given names Kimberley or Kimberly.
interspecies
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From inter- + species.
Senses: examples: text: In view of this biochemical diversity, the possibilities of interspecies hybridization in this genus are very interesting and worthy of attention.
ref: 1985, John F. Peberdy, Lajos Ferenczy, Fungal Protoplasts, CRC Press, page 259:
text: “You're a publicist,” she said. “She's a celebrity. That's interspecies.”
ref: 2014, William Gibson, “Death Cookie”, in The Peripheral, Penguin:
glosses: Occurring or arising between species; interspecific.
Related terms: intraspecies
interspecific
Scottie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Scotty
Etymology: From Scott + -ie.
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the male given name Scott.
Scottie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Scotties
form: Scotty
Etymology: From Scott + -ie.
Senses: glosses: A Scottish terrier.
examples: text: It's Scottie this, an' Scottie that, Whan ye gang o'er the border;
ref: 1883, James Chapman, “Scottie”, in Alexander G. Murdoch, editor, The Scottish Poets Recent and Living, page 301:
text: . . .and a bone-splintering hello from the Scottie!
ref: 1987, Scottish Field - Volume 133, page 35:
text: On Christmas Eve the Germans shouted from their trenches, which are only 100 yards from ours, in these terms – A merry Christmas, Scottie Guardie. We are not going to fire to-morrow; we will have a holiday and a game of football.
ref: 2000, William Donaldson, The Highland Pipe and Scottish Society, 1750-1950, page 320:
text: Donated to the city by Auckland businessman J.M. Mennie, it was unveiled in 1921 by the then New Zealand Prime Minister, W.F. Massey, 'this big determined Ulsterman', who 'displayed in his speech a surprising knowledge of Burns, so much so that a man in the crowd called out “You're a regular Scottie”'.
ref: 2011, Tanja Bueltmann, Scottish Ethnicity and the Making of New Zealand Society, page 170:
glosses: A Scottish person (sometimes as a nickname).
Scotty
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɒti
Forms: form: Scottie
Etymology: From Scott + -y.
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the male given name Scott.
Stewie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Clipping of Stewart + -ie.
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the male given name Stewart.
hypersexuality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hypersexualities
Etymology: From hyper- + sexuality.
Senses: examples: text: Is promiscuity a cover for an underlying despair? Perhaps my own hypersexuality has served a narcissism I dare not face: a surface vanity (which must constantly be reinforced) concealing an inner doubt about my own importance as a human being.
ref: 1983 August 13, Richard Royal, “AIDS and Promiscuity”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 5, page 6:
text: For example, there are many reports of hypersexuality following traumatic brain injury to frontal regions. Although disinhibition is one common consequence of frontal lesions, not all frontal lesions will result in hypersexuality, […]
ref: 2010, Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 96:
antonyms: hyposexuality
glosses: Excessive desire for sexual activity, especially when considered high enough to be clinically significant.
Matty
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Diminutives + -y.
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the male given name Matthew.
examples: text: Tilly's name is Matilda. It was typical of Mum and Dad that they wouldn't let her be called Tilly when she came to them because that was the unusual shortening of Matilda, the unconventional one, and you never did unconventional things, you never did things to draw attention to yourself. So they called her Matty. Of course, they hardly ever called her anything, but when they had to, it was Matty.
ref: 1990, Barbara Vine, Gallowglass, Curley Pub, published 1991, →ISBN, page 24:
glosses: A diminutive of the female given names Matilda or Martha, variant of Mattie.
Bernie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɝni/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ni
Forms: form: Bernies
Etymology: * (male): From Bernard + -ie.
* (female): From Bernadette + -ie or Bernice + -ie.
Senses: examples: text: A similar arrangement was made for her son Bernard, named in honor of the great Carthusian mystic (at least, that is what Jim Gaffney would softly tell Mrs. Kozinski) and of Bernie Astor, the publicist.
ref: 1992, Thomas Keneally, Woman of the Inner Sea, Plume, published 1994, →ISBN, pages 18–19:
text: With Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders’ decision to end his campaign on Wednesday, it’s now official: Former Vice President Joe Biden will be the Democratic presidential nominee this fall.
ref: 2020 April 8, Chris Cillizza, “Why Joe Biden starts as the general election front-runner”, in CNN:
glosses: A unisex given name.
A diminutive of the male given name Bernard, also used as a formal given name.
examples: text: To catch a nearer view of the coming ship, now much larger than the mere speck it had at first appeared, little Bernice, or Bernie, as she was most lovingly called at home, had moved far in advance of her mother, till now she stood quite near to the edge of the wharf.
ref: 1864 Mary Andrews Denison, Out of Prison, Graves and Young (1864), pages 21-22
glosses: A unisex given name.
A diminutive of the female given names Bernice or Bernadette.
Derived terms: Berner
Bernie bro
BernieCare
Berniecrat
Bernista
feel the Bern
Related terms: Bern
Berner
Bernie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɝni/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ni
Forms: form: Bernies
Etymology: From Bernese + -ie.
Senses: glosses: A Bernese mountain dog.
Benji
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: His full name is Benji Duncan Geoffrey Rigby-Monk. 'You're joking,' Kit said, when I first told him. 'Benji? Not even Benjamin?' Duncan and Geoffrey are his two granddads'names ― both unglamorous and old-dufferish, in Kit's view, and not worth inflicting on a new generation ― and Rigby-Monk is a fusion of Fran's surname and Anton's. 'As far as I'm concerned, he's Benjamin Rigby,' said Kit, after the first time we met him. 'He seems like a decent baby and he deserves a decent name.
ref: 2011, Sophie Hannah, Lasting Damage, Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN, pages 77–78:
glosses: A diminutive of the male given name Benjamin.
Related terms: Benjy
Chrissie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɪsi/
Forms: form: Chrissy
form: Crissie
form: Crissy
Etymology: from Chris + -ie, through clipping of Christine or Christina
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the female given names Christina or Christine, sometimes also used as a formal given name
Chrissie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɪsi/
Forms: form: Chrissy
form: Crissie
form: Crissy
Etymology: from clipping of Christmas + -ie
Senses: glosses: Christmas
culminating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of culminate
Donny
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒni/
homophone: Donnie
rhymes: -ɒni
Forms: form: Donnie
Etymology: Diminutive forms with -y.
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the male given names Don, Donald, Donovan, or Adonis.
glosses: Doncaster
protectionist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more protectionist
form: most protectionist
Etymology: Borrowed from French protectionniste, equivalent to protection + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: This is because most member countries still hold a very much protectionist stance when it comes to the service sector.
ref: 2008, International Transport Forum, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, SourceOECD (Online service), 17th International ITF/OECD Symposium on Transport Economics and Policy: benefiting from globalisation : transport sector contribution and policy challenges : introductory reports and summary of discussion : 25-27 October 2006, Berlin, →ISBN, page 171:
text: The "national security" grounds were gauzy at best; the 232 tariffs were classically protectionist.
ref: 2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened, →ISBN, page 185:
text: While protectionist policies, with its tariffs on imports and wholesale rejection of globalism, are often justified on the grounds of supporting domestic industries, preserving jobs, and enhancing national security, they also carry significant downsides, particularly for the most economically vulnerable populations.
ref: 2024 March 20, Veronique de Rugy, “The Political Right Has Luxury Beliefs, Too”, in Reason:
glosses: Of or pertaining to protectionism, or an advocate thereof.
Synonyms: word: protectionistic
word: illiberal
english: particularly w/r/t export control
translation: particularly w/r/t export control
word: procontrol
Hyponyms: mercantilist
protectionist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: protectionists
Etymology: Borrowed from French protectionniste, equivalent to protection + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: It also would cut deeply into the trans-Atlantic alliance at the worst possible time by giving anti-American, anti-capitalist nationalists and protectionists in Europe a platform to thrive. Anti-American sentiment will grow, and Europe risks a retreat to protectionism. Those of us who make the case for the trans-Atlantic alliance will have a much harder job.
ref: 2019 February 21, Guy Verhofstadt, “A Trump trade war with Europe would hurt the trans-Atlantic relationship”, in CNN:
text: Vance is now a key messenger for Trump’s economic agenda as the administration pursues sweeping new protectionists policies announced on what they deemed “Liberation Day.”
ref: 2025 April 4, Andrew Kaczynski and Em Steck, “‘The policy may very well fail’: JD Vance doubted Trump’s first-term trade policies, previously bashed tariffs”, in CNN, archived from the original on 14 Aug 2025:
glosses: Someone who believes in protecting domestic producers by impeding or limiting the importation of foreign goods and services via actions taken by government.
glosses: A linguistic purist.
Related terms: protectionism
sloshing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of slosh
sloshing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sloshings
Senses: glosses: A motion or action that sloshes.
smudgy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: smudgier
form: smudgiest
form: smudgey
Etymology: From smudge (“blemish; dense smoke; to obscure by smearing; to stifle”) + -y. (The sense "rainy" is related to dialectal use of smudge to mean drizzling rain.)
Senses: examples: text: As you know, an ordinary unhairy face like yours or mine simply gets a bit smudgy if it is not washed often enough, and there's nothing so awful about that. But a hairy face is a very different matter.
ref: 1979, Roald Dahl, The Twits:
glosses: Marked with smudges.
examples: text: Pierre lighted his pipe and immediately the air about him because heavy, not with the aromatic perfume of choice Havanna but with a smudgy fog that made John cough. The cough was genuine, but John emphasized it a little as a suggestion that the coarse odor was anything but welcome- without, however, any appreciable result.
ref: 1918, The Saturday Evening Post, page 13:
text: […] the black, smudgy fog billowing up before his eyes, blotting out the peculiar smile on the face of the white lady. It was only then that he could feel the cold claws of terror clutching at his throat and heart.
ref: 1983, George Henry Johnston, Charmian Clift, Strong-man from Piraeus and Other Stories, page 114:
glosses: Like a thick smoke (such as is emitted by a smudge pot); thick and smoky or smokelike.
examples: text: Smudgy weather greeted Torpedo Five who had to dodge cloud banks and rain squalls as they flew at altitudes between 3,000 and 4,000 feet toward Guadalcanal and Tulagi. Finally the large island of Guadalcanal loomed ahead. Soon, they[…]
ref: 1998, American Aviation Historical Society, AAHS Journal:
text: […] under overcast skies. "It's a smudgy day," Alex observes. Indeed, a light drizzle falls from clouds that look as though they've been rubbed out with a fat eraser.
ref: 2000, Daniel Asa Rose, Hiding Places: A Father and His Sons Retrace Their Family's Escape from the Holocaust, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 160:
text: "Smudgy day," she said. Allmen didn't understand. "It's raining from north, south, east, and west," she said. "Aha. And that's known as smudgy?" "By me it is."
ref: 2019 March 5, Martin Suter, Allmen and the Pink Diamond, New Vessel Press, →ISBN:
glosses: Rainy or drizzly.
examples: text: […] and the smudgy heat cast from the cavernous fireplace.
ref: 1985, Anne Moore, Tangled Vows, →ISBN:
text: blawing weather[:] Hot close smudgy weather when flies 'blow' or 'strike' sheep very much
ref: 1997, Mabel Peacock, The Peacock Lincolnshire Word Books: 1884-1920 : with Additions Dating from the 18th and Earlier 19th Centuries:
text: A smudgy heat spread a blanket over the city and laid there, unmoved for weeks.
ref: 2021 August 16, Rana Bitar M.D., The Long Tale of Tears and Smiles: An Oncologist's Journey, Global Collective Publishers, →ISBN, page 73:
glosses: Hot and humid or stuffy; sweltering.
smudged
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: a smudged chalk drawing
glosses: Blurred as by being rubbed.
smudged
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of smudge
action doll
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: action dolls
Etymology: action figure + doll
Senses: glosses: a redressable action figure, like the original GI Joe.
glosses: sometimes, a doll or figure with a mechanical feature.
smudge pot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: smudge pots
Senses: glosses: Kerosene flares with round bottoms and wicks in a protected cage. They were once used to mark highway construction sites and functioned as utility flares.
glosses: An oil-burning device used to prevent frost on fruit trees.
glosses: A pot of tar and oil burned to produce thick noxious smoke to discourage pests.
Synonyms: choofa
orchard heater
origo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: origos
form: origines
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin orīgō. Doublet of origin.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
pragmatics
sciences
synonyms: deictic center
glosses: The reference point on which a deictic relationship is based.
Related terms: fons et origo
origo gentis
smudge pots
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of smudge pot
snoot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /snuːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: snoots
Etymology: From Scots snoot, snout (“snout”), from Middle English snowte, from Middle Dutch snute; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snūt, from Proto-Germanic *snūtaz. Doublet of snout.
Senses: examples: text: The sidecars— sneer if you will, you purists and gastronomic snoots— at Perino's in Wilshire in Los Angeles.
ref: 1943, Lucius Morris Beebe, Snoot if You Must, D. Appleton-Century Company, Incorporated, page 44:
text: At first, I had no idea you had money, and you didn't seem like a snoot. The place where you were renting was a dumpy place. When you turned out to have money, I was surprised.
ref: 1990 February 4, Vanessa Nemeth, Stephanie Poggi, “Bumps And All”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 12:
text: In defense of low-grade teas, I must say they are very cheap, and I have a large box in my cupboard right next to the higher quality, more snoot-worthy varieties.
ref: 2013 October 29, Moosewood Collective, Sundays at Moosewood Restaurant: Ethnic and Regional Recipes from the Cooks at the Legendary Restaurant, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 96:
text: “Do you know any of Larry's other partners?” “Some.” “Do you know Mary Lou Goddard?” “Oh, that snoot.” “Snoot?” “Yes, Larry told me about her. He went out with her a couple of times and then she got possessive.”
ref: 2014 January 31, Robert B Parker, Perish Twice, Oldcastle Books, →ISBN, page 73:
synonyms: snooty
glosses: An elitist or snobbish person.
glosses: A language pedant or snob; one who practices linguistic elitism.
examples: text: And then he did something which must be unprecedented in jurisprudence. He leaped from his chair, ran over to the old man, and shaking his fist under his nose, roared: 'Listen, you! If you keep on with this stuff, I'll punch you one in the snoot!
ref: [1966], Friedrich Reck, translated by Paul Rubens, Diary of a Man in Despair, New York Review of Books, →ISBN, page 173:
glosses: A nose or snout.
glosses: Snout; especially of a dog ("doggo"), cat ("catto"), or snake ("snek").
examples: text: Snoots have traditionally been round in shape when attached to studio strobes, but with flash photography, they have taken on a more rectangular shape because the flash heads are rectangular.
ref: 2014 December 26, Alyn Stafford, Flash Techniques for Location Portraiture: Single and Multiple-Flash Lighting Techniques, Amherst Media, →ISBN, page 36:
topics: arts
entertainment
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
theater
glosses: A cylindrical or conical attachment used on a spotlight to restrict spill light.
Synonyms: sense: nose
word: nose
Derived terms: droop snoot
Related terms: snootful
snooty
snoot
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /snuːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: snoots
form: snooting
form: snooted
form: snooted
Etymology: From Scots snoot, snout (“snout”), from Middle English snowte, from Middle Dutch snute; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snūt, from Proto-Germanic *snūtaz. Doublet of snout.
Senses: glosses: To behave disdainfully toward someone.
examples: text: Which might mean shaping it, gelling it, snooting it, barn dooring it, and putting it on a stand or a clamp. Maybe taking the dome diffuser off. Perhaps zooming it. Oh my. And you thought you were just taking a picture.
ref: 2011, Joe McNally, Sketching Light:
topics: arts
entertainment
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
theater
glosses: To apply a snoot attachment to (a light).
functionary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfʌŋ(k).ʃn̩.(ə)ri/
ipa: /ˈfʌŋ(k).ʃəˌnɛ.ri/
Forms: form: functionaries
Etymology: From French fonctionnaire; by surface analysis, function + -ary.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: bureaucrat; official; officer; administrator; apparatchik
text: Consciences are for politicians, Bernard! We are humble functionaries whose duty it is to implement the commands of our democratically elected representatives.
ref: 1987 December 10, Antony Jay, Jonathan Lynn, “Official Secrets (Yes, Prime Minister)”, in Yes, Minister, season 2, episode 2, spoken by Humphrey Appleby (Nigel Hawthorne):
glosses: A person employed as an official in a bureaucracy (usually corporate or governmental) who holds limited authority and primarily serves to carry out a simple function for which discretion is minimal or not required.
examples: Near-synonyms: bureaucrat, apparatchik; paper-pusher; bean counter
glosses: Such a person who is petty, pedantic, short-sighted, uncaring, or counterproductive; sometimes also with implication of being amoral or corrupt.
snoots
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of snoot
snoots
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of snoot
functionaries
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of functionary
misgiving
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋ/
Forms: form: misgivings
Etymology: From misgive, from mis- + give, from Middle English give (“suggest, given”). Compare given and what gives.
Senses: examples: text: He could think of her being there, without a lurking misgiving that it would have been better if she had not come.
ref: 1846-1848, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son:
text: In the night, or the gloomy chambers of the day, fears and misgivings wax strong, but out in the sunlight there is, for a time, cessation even of the terror of death.
ref: 1900, Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie:
text: Having got its Act, the M.B.M. & M.J.R. apparently had misgivings about the route, in view of the very heavy engineering works that would be necessary, and on November 9, 1846, the company gave notice of a further bill for a deviated line, which was passed into law on July 22, 1847.
ref: 1960 March, J. P. Wilson, E. N. C. Haywood, “The route through the Peak - Derby to Manchester: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 149:
text: Zoe was so starving she had stolen a bag of her stepmother’s dreaded prawn cocktail crisps for her dinner. The rat must have been able to smell them on her fingers, and despite Zoe’s grave misgivings about the snack, which bore no relation to prawns or indeed cocktails, the rat didn’t seem to mind.
ref: 2012, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Ratburger, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:
text: The history of cast iron in railway bridges is much more grimly chequered. Brunel's misgivings were proved prudent, tragically, in the 1879 failure of Thomas Bouch's Tay bridge (once a monument to cast iron, now a memorial to many lives lost).
ref: 2025 March 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Remembering Brunel's timber viaducts”, in RAIL, number 1030, page 60:
glosses: doubt, apprehension, a feeling of dread
Synonyms: doubt
apprehension
Derived terms: misgivingly
unmisgiving
action dolls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of action doll
germanium antimony telluride
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: GST
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A chalcogenide glass, of approximate composition Ge₂Sb₂Te₅, used in rewritable DVDs; it changes phase from crystalline to amorphous when heated by a laser
plasma wakefield accelerator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: plasma wakefield accelerators
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A device in which a drive beam (either laser or particle) produces a plasma wave ("wakefield") that accelerates charged particles in a relatively short distance.
Related terms: plasma wakefield acceleration
beteem
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: beteems
form: beteeming
form: beteemed
form: beteemed
Etymology: From be- + teem (“to befit”). Cognate with Dutch betamen (“to befit, behove, beseem”).
Senses: examples: text: So excellent a king, that was to this / Hyperion to a satyr, so loving to my mother / That he might not beteem the winds of heaven / Visit her face too roughly.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], lines 139-143:
glosses: To permit; allow; suffer.
examples: text: So would I (said th'enchaunter) glad and faine / Beteeme to you this sword, you to defend [...].
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: To grant, vouchsafe (something to someone); accord; give.
glosses: To bestow; afford; allow; deign.
beteem
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: beteems
form: beteeming
form: beteemed
form: beteemed
Etymology: From be- + teem (“to produce”).
Senses: glosses: To bring forth; produce; shed.
beteem
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: beteems
form: beteeming
form: beteemed
form: beteemed
Etymology: From be- + teem (“to empty, pour”).
Senses: glosses: To pour all about.
wakefield
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wakefields
Etymology: From wake + field.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A small area of very strong potential gradient, in a laser beam or plasma stream, used to accelerate charged particles in a plasma wakefield accelerator
Derived terms: plasma wakefield acceleration
'arf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: A representation of the pronunciation of half by a speaker whose dialect is non-rhotic and also lacks the voiceless glottal fricative or transition ([h]).
Senses: examples: text: 'Arf the night through he's at that game, the silly old juggins.
ref: 1894, Arthur Conan Doyle, Round the Red Lamp:
text: Hasn't ye 'eard that devil's spawn of a capting an' is mates knockin' the bloomin' lights outen 'arf the crew?
ref: 1914, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes:
qualifier: representing nonstandard or dialect pronunciation
glosses: Half.
TOSH
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Acronym of The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital.
not half
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: "So you fancy that girl then?" "Not half!"
text: "You bet she wouldn't like fer me to be killed—not 'arf!..."
ref: 1902, The Windsor Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly for Men and Women, Vol. XVI June to November 1902:
glosses: Greatly; to a considerable extent.
Related terms: by half
dunnarf
not half bad
tumeric
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Perhaps influenced by non-rhotic pronunciations of turmeric, via dissimilation.
Senses: examples: 2009, Curry spice ‘kills cancer cells’, BBC News online, 28 October
An extract found in the curry spice tumeric can kill off cancer cells, lab scientists have shown.
glosses: Nonstandard spelling of turmeric.
Siberian flying squirrel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Siberian flying squirrels
Senses: glosses: A species of flying squirrel (Pteromys volans), common in Siberia and northeastern Europe.
Synonyms: sense: Pteromys volans
word: polatouche
sense: Pteromys volans
word: minene
ribbon representation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ribbon representations
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A graphical representation of the gross structure of a protein in which different levels of structure are represented as different size ribbons and tubes; associated molecules (such as the haem of haemoglobin) are shown in ball and stick form.
shortcake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shortcakes
Etymology: From short + cake.
Senses: glosses: A sweet cake or biscuit (crumbly leavened bread) typically made with flour, sugar, salt, butter, milk or cream, and sometimes eggs, and leavened with baking powder or baking soda.
glosses: A dessert made with such a cake, typically having layers of cream and fruit.
Derived terms: shortcakey
strawberry shortcake
shortcakes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of shortcake
bruiser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bruisers
Etymology: From bruise + -er.
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: In contact sports, an athlete whose size, strength, and/or aggressiveness make it likely that they will cause athletes on the opposing team to suffer physical punishment.
examples: text: His "assistant" was a big bruiser named Pete, who, with his enormous shoulders and menacing scowl, was clearly present for the intimidation factor.
text: So there, my dear Bertie, was I, within a few hours of my entrance into this town, with my top-hat down to my ears, my highly professional frock-coat, and my kid gloves, fighting some low bruiser on a pedestal in one of the most public places, in the heart of a yelling and hostile mob! I ask you whether that was cruel luck or not?
ref: 1895, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, chapter X, in The Stark Munro Letters: […], London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC:
text: While planning a recent move, I checked the pages of Majority Report, which lists women-owned and operated businesses and found a listing for "Truck You." […] Two women from Queens, and formerly of New Jersey GAA, Ulla and Mickey, came with their van and a successful move was accomplished without reliance on macho male bruisers.
ref: 1977 February 12, Bruce Michael Gelbert, “Some New York Alternatives”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 33, page 5:
synonyms: thug
glosses: A tall, strong, heavily built person, usually a man, especially one prone to physical violence; a strong and tough person.
glosses: A machine for bruising oats.
glosses: A person who enjoys arguing with others.
examples: text: Sometimes, when in the newspapers I happen upon descriptions of our modern bruisers and prizefighters, I wonder what chance the best of them would have had against him.
ref: 1906–1907, Jack London, chapter V, in Before Adam:
glosses: A professional boxer.
Derived terms: lightning bruiser
unliganded
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + ligand + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: The direct hydrogen ion titration of unliganded hemoglobin was performed under a stream of purified argon; that of the carbon monoxide derivative was carried out in a closed system under an atmosphere of pure CO.
ref: 1966, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Having no ligand; especially (of a protein) deprived of any small molecule that it is sometimes associated with
contact sport
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: contact sports
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: An athletic contest which involves a significant amount of physical contact between the participating athletes.
contact sports
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of contact sport
countrified
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌntɹɪfʌɪd/
Forms: form: more countrified
form: most countrified
Etymology: From countrify + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: Although houses and factories appeared in great profusion in the 1930s, there still remain odd groups of cottages dating from an earlier and more countrified period.
ref: 1951 November, R. K. Kirkland, “The Wimbledon and West Croydon Line of the Southern Region”, in Railway Magazine, page 721:
text: There was this hot little countrified sistah who had caught my eye during the beginning of freshman year, but I just hadn't had a chance to work my way around to her yet.
ref: 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 143:
text: Westbourne Park [station] is also countrified, with valanced canopies and fancy ironwork (which is painted a dingy yellow).
ref: 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 50:
glosses: Rural, rustic; unsophisticated.
examples: text: Over the next couple of years, a few more countrified albums appeared, and to more singles—"Tarkio Road" (#55, 1971) and "Shake Off The Demons (#98, 1972)—won positions on the Hot 100.
ref: 1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 269:
glosses: Having the characteristics of country music.
Derived terms: countrifiedness
uncountrified
countrified
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌntɹɪfʌɪd/
Etymology: From countrify + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of countrify
bruisers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of bruiser
dwarf spheroidal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dwarf spheroidals
Senses: examples: text: Slightly larger dwarf spheroidals are known to be the single most common kind of galaxy in rich clusters like that seen past the constellation Virgo.
ref: 1994 Beam Line: Fall 1997
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A dwarf spheroidal galaxy
dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Senses: examples: text: The inventory keeps growing, and the latest recruit is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, meaning no gas and not many more than 10⁶⁻⁷ stars, that has the bad luck to be almost on the far side of the galactic centre from us.
ref: 1994 Beam Line: Fall Winter 1994
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A faint galaxy, devoid of gas, having a higher than normal proportion of dark matter; especially those that orbit the Milky Way and Andromeda
Synonyms: word: dwarf spheroidal
word: dSph
Related terms: dwarf galaxy
dwarf elliptical galaxy
elliptical galaxy
clue by four
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: clue by fours
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of clue-by-four.
angiogenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From angio- + -genic.
Senses: examples: text: Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.
ref: 2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:
glosses: Relating to angiogenesis.
Derived terms: angiogenically
nonangiogenic
Related terms: angiomyogenic
antiangiogenic
hemoangiogenic
microangiogenic
myoangiogenic
neoangiogenic
neuroangiogenic
preangiogenic
proangiogenic
vasogenic
kapwing
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Etymology: Imitative. See ka-, ping.
Senses: glosses: The sound of something, such as a bullet, ricocheting violently off something else.
Related terms: kapow
kablam
Christer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈkɹaɪstɚ/
Forms: form: Christers
Etymology: From Christ + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The village people called his father 'Righteous Christer,' which shows that he too must have been 'stiff as a tree' in following what he knew to be right.
ref: 1917, L. V. Hodgkin, A Book of Quaker Saints:
glosses: A Christian who publicly displays his or her religion.
Hypernyms: sense: person who publicly displays his religion
word: fundamentalist
sense: person who publicly displays his religion
word: fanatic
sense: person who publicly displays his religion
word: witness
futhark
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfuː.θɑːk/
ipa: /ˈfu.θɑɹk/
Forms: form: futharks
form: futharc
form: Futharc
form: Futhark
form: fuþark
form: Fuþark
Etymology: From the first six letters of the runic alphabet, ᚠ (“f”), ᚢ (“u”), ᚦ (“þ”), ᚨ (“a”), ᚱ (“r”), ᚲ (“k”).
Senses: glosses: The Germanic runic alphabet; especially specifically the Elder or Younger futhark alphabet (of Scandinavia and the European mainland), as contrasted with the Anglo-Saxon futhorc.
Related terms: word: Armanen Futhark
word: Elder Futhark
word: Older Futhark
word: Old Futhark
word: Younger Futhark
word: Young Futhark
word: futhorc
word: fuþorc
word: futhork
word: fuþork
pavid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæ.vɪd/
rhymes: -ævɪd
Forms: form: more pavid
form: most pavid
Etymology: From Latin pavidus, from paveō (“I fear”).
Senses: examples: text: Their multitudes might inspire even their pavid nature with courage to attack, and brought to my fancy the fate of that unhappy prisoner who, thrown into a blind dungeon, was in one night literally devoured by rats.
ref: 1843, William Harrison Ainsworth, Ainsworth's Magazine:
glosses: fearful, timid
Derived terms: pavidity
futhork
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: futhorks
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of futhorc.
Related terms: futhark
futhorc
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfuː.θɔːk/
ipa: /ˈfu.θɔɹk/
Forms: form: futhorcs
form: futhork
form: fuþorc
Etymology: From the sounds of the first six letters: ᚠ, ᚢ, ᚦ, ᚩ, ᚱ, ᚳ; compare ABCs.
Senses: glosses: The Runic alphabet as used to write Old English and Old Frisian.
Related terms: futhark
zebrafish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: zebrafishes
form: zebrafish
Etymology: From zebra + fish.
Senses: examples: text: Use of the GAL4-UAS technique for targeted gene expression in the zebrafish.
ref: 2002, Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, Pattern Formation in Zebrafish:
synonyms: zebra danio
glosses: A small striped fish of species Danio rerio, originally from India but now common as an aquarium fish and as a subject of genetic experiments.
glosses: A member of certain species of Percina (logperch).
glosses: Certain venomous lionfish, of genus Pterois.
Synonyms: sense: Percina
word: rough-belly darter
integrin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: integrins
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of many heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that function as receptors in communication between cells.
Derived terms: leukointegrin
nonintegrin
bioingredient
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bioingredients
Etymology: From bio- + ingredient.
Senses: glosses: Any bioactive ingredient in a functional food.