cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
fairgrounds
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fairgrounds
form: fairground
Etymology: From fair + grounds.
Senses: examples: text: At other times of the year, the county fairgrounds are used for a variety of events, such as revival meetings and high-school graduations.
text: If the town doesn't have a nearby fairgrounds, then any sizeable empty field will do for a carnival.
glosses: Alternative spelling of fairground; the grounds where a fair is held.
fairgrounds
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of fairground
Maeve
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /meɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
homophone: may've
Etymology: Anglicized from Irish Méabh, from Middle Irish Medb (literally “intoxicating”), name of a legendary queen of Connacht.
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Irish of mostly Irish usage.
Related terms: Meadhbh
Meibh
Meidhbhín
fainthearted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more fainthearted
form: most fainthearted
form: faint-hearted
form: faint of heart
form: faint-heart
Etymology: From faint + hearted.
Senses: examples: text: Upon this, our guide, who, by the way, was but a fainthearted fellow, bid us keep in a ready posture, for he believed there were more wolves a-coming. We kept our arms ready, and our eyes about us...
ref: 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:
text: "Fainthearted knight! You should have stayed and covered my retreat. Hark! they are coming! Hide! Hide!" she panted, half in fear, half in merriment, as the gay pursuers rapidly drew nearer.
ref: 1866, Louisa May Alcott, Behind a Mask: or, A Woman's Power:
synonyms: afraid
cowardly
meek
timid
antonyms: brave
determined
steadfast
stouthearted
glosses: Faint of heart; irresolute; fearful.
Derived terms: faintheartedly
faintheartedness
bunning
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of bun
bunning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bunnings
form: bunning
Etymology: From Bandjalang bunihyn.
Senses: examples: 1988, R. Langford, Don’t Take Your Love to Town
Old folk hunted for bandicoot and bunning in this grass.
qualifier: Australian Aboriginal
glosses: The echidna.
gurrnki
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gurrnkis
form: gungki
Senses: examples: 1978, P. Hanigan & R. Lindsay, No Tracks on the River
Budgie said ‘I don’t want no gungki getting at me.’
1993, E. Crawford, Over my Tracks
I tell you what, the first time we saw the nuns with their habits, we thought they were gurrnkis (ghosts).
qualifier: Australian Aboriginal
glosses: A ghost.
merrigan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: merrigans
Etymology: From Wiradjuri mirrigan.
Senses: examples: 1980, P. Pepper, You Are What You Make Yourself
’Course, they had the merrigarn with them—that’s their dingo.
1993, J. Janson, Gunjies
Merrigans barkin’.
qualifier: Australian Aboriginal
glosses: a dog or dingo
yorga
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: yorgas
form: yok
form: yoka
form: yorgah
form: york
Etymology: From Nyunga yoka (“woman”).
Senses: examples: text: 1910, E. Hassell, My Dusky Friends
At last he took a third york. She was a foolish young thing, but very fond of him ... he paid her more attention than the generality of husbands.
text: 1968, W. H. Douglas, Aboriginal Language of south-west Australia
‘Yokas’ is ‘girls’ (Note the English plural suffix on yoka).
text: 1981, Archie Weller, Day of Dog
‘Not much work going ’ere, orright, drinkin’ gabba and smokin’. Where’s all the yorgas?’ Pretty Boy grins.
text: 1982, J. Davis, Kullark
I’ll tell you what ’e’ll do, e’ll finish up marryin’ some Wetjala yok, ’ave blue-eyed kids and ’e won’t want nothing to do with us.
text: 1986, A. Weller, Going Home
‘Yeah. Us blokes are fuckin’ muritch,’ said Morry lazily ... ‘Ssh, youse mob. Couple yorgas comin’ in.’
text: 1991, G. Ward, Unna you fullas
Their mother had told them he met a yorga, whom he was mardong for.
text: ‘Right,’ said the old fella, ‘I'll get the ute ready, an' tell Auntie Florrie you an' me goin' out. You tell your yorgah too.’
ref: 1996, Alf Taylor, ‘The Wool Pickers’, in Heiss & Minter, Macquarie PEN Anthology of Aboriginal Literature, Allen & Unwin 2008, p. 174
qualifier: Australian Aboriginal
glosses: A woman, especially an Aboriginal woman.
vertebrates
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of vertebrate
fucktards
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of fucktard.
warbird
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: warbirds
Etymology: From war + bird.
Senses: glosses: A warplane.
glosses: A crew member of a warplane; airman.
glosses: Synonym of scarlet tanager.
synonyms: word: scarlet tanager
glosses: An aircraft formerly operated by the military, but now owned privately.
glosses: Any aircraft decorated in military livery for display at airshows etc.
topics: literature
media
publishing
science-fiction
glosses: A heavily-armed starship.
hoys
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hoy
hoys
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of hoy
hoyin
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle of hoy
hoyed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of hoy
falconry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: falconries
Etymology: From French fauconnerie.
Senses: examples: text: ...looking up, I observed a very slight and graceful hawk, like a night-hawk, alternately soaring like a ripple and tumbling a rod or two over and over, showing the underside of its wings, which gleamed like a satin ribbon in the sun, or like the pearly inside of a shell. This sight reminded me of falconry and what nobleness and poetry are associated with that sport.
ref: 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, or Life in the Woods:
glosses: The sport of hunting by using trained birds of prey, especially falcons and hawks.
renormalization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: renormalizations
Etymology: From re- + normalization.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Any of several techniques in statistical mechanics and quantum electrodynamics used to construct mathematical relationships between observable quantities.
Derived terms: renormalization group
repulsion motor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: repulsion motors
Senses: glosses: an alternating current commutator motor, designed for single-phase operation, in which the armature is supplied by induction from the field of the stator winding
fanged
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From fang + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: […]love, the tyrant and the tyrant-queller; love, until now my conqueror, now my slave; the hungry fire, the untameable beast, the fanged snake -- -no -- no -- I will have nothing to do with that love.
ref: 1826, [Mary Shelley], The Last Man. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:
text: He sat by John Thornton's fire, a broad-breasted dog, white fanged and long-furred; but behind him were the shades of all manner of dogs, half-wolves and wild wolves ...
ref: 1903 July, Jack London, The Call of the Wild, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC:
glosses: Equipped with fangs.
Derived terms: bifanged
fire-fanged
rear-fanged
two-fanged
fanged
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From fang + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of fang
commutator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: commutators
Etymology: Back-formation from commutation (in the late 19th century), as is commutate (verb) too.
Senses: synonyms: word: rheotrope
word: electrepeter
glosses: An electrical switch, in a generator or motor, that periodically reverses the direction of an electric current.
topics: group-theory
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A binary map in a given group G, given by [g, h] = ghg⁻¹h⁻¹, where g and h are elements of G, which yields the group's identity if and only if the group operation commutes for g and h.
qualifier: ring theory
glosses: A binary map in a given ring R, given by [a, b] = ab − ba, where a and b are elements of R, which yields the ring's zero element if and only if the multiplication operation commutes for a and b.
Derived terms: anticommutator
commutator length
commutatorless
commutator subgroup
multicommutator
self-commutator
subcommutator
Related terms: nilpotent group
solvable group
resolving power
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: resolving powers
Senses: glosses: A quantitative measure of the ability of an optical instrument to produce separable images.
Synonyms: angular resolution
athwartships
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: athwartship
form: thwartships
Etymology: From athwart (“across”) + ship + -s as an adverbial ending.
Senses: examples: text: to place / fix / stow something athwartships; to pace the bridge athwartships
text: At all times except when whales were alongside, this bench was securely lashed athwartships against the rear of the Try-works.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 107, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 519:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Across the vessel sideways, i.e. in a direction at right angles to the fore-and-aft line of the vessel.
respiratory pigment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: respiratory pigments
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: any of several coloured metal-containing protein pigments which combine reversibly with oxygen and which are found in the tissues of vertebrates and invertebrates and whose role is to transport oxygen
Related terms: chlorocruorin
hemerythrin
haemerythrin
hemocyanin
haemocyanin
hemoglobin
haemoglobin
fashioner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fashioners
Etymology: From fashion + -er.
Senses: examples: 1952, The Holy Bible:Revised Standard version - Wisdom of Solomon, chapter 7:21-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20141009081751/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/ot2www-pubeng?specfile=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fpublicsearch%2Fmodengpub.o2w
I learned both what is secret and what is manifest, for wisdom, the fashioner of all things, taught me.
synonyms: creator
producer
author
antonyms: destroyer
glosses: One who fashions something; the maker or designer.
fashioners
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of fashioner
haemerythrin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: haemerythrins
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of hemerythrin.
haemocyanin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: haemocyanins
Etymology: From haemo- + cyan + -in.
Senses: examples: text: It now appears that in spite of great differences in structure, molluscan and arthropod haemocyanins have a common molecular origin (Schneider et al., cited in Linzen et al. 1985a).
ref: 1987, Frauke Strazny, Steven F. Perry, “A: VI: Respiratory Structure: System and Structure”, in Wolfgang Nentwig, editor, Ecophysiology of Spiders, Springer, page 84:
text: Haemocyanin : Out of these four respiratory blood pigments, haemocyanin ranks next in importance to haemoglobin.
ref: 2005, Pradip V. Jabde, Text Book Of General Physiology, Discovery Publishing House, page 134:
text: S. officinalis uses the blood pigment haemocyanin which has a limited capacity for carrying oxygen (3 mM) and thus rely on fully oxygenating haemocyanin at the gills and releasing the majority of the bound oxygen as it passes through the body (Melzner et al. 2007b).
ref: 2013, Isobel S. M. Bloor, Martin J. Attrill, Emma L. Jackson, “A Review of the Factors Influencing Spawning, Early Life Stage Survival and Recruitment Variability in the Common Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)”, in Michael Lesser, editor, Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 65, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 51:
glosses: Alternative spelling of hemocyanin.
Derived terms: oxyhaemocyanin
Related terms: chlorocruorin
haemerythrin
haemoglobin
chlorocruorin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From chloro- + cruor + -in (see also cruorin). Named by British zoologist Ray Lankester in 1868.
Senses: examples: text: Later it was shown that the α-bands of the pyridine haemochromogens of both cytochrome a and chlorocruorin resemble each other closely (Keilin, 1933 a).
ref: 1966, David Keilin, edited by Joan Keilin, The History of Cell Respiration and Cytochrome, University of Cambridge, page 174:
text: The affinity of chlorocruorin for oxygen is equivalent to the haemoglobin. It is interesting that within the same family of worms like [S]abellidae, [S]erpulidae and [A]mphotritidae same^([sic]) species have chlorocruorin while others have haemoglobin.
ref: 2003, Ashok Kumar, Animal Physiology, Discovery Publishing House, page 192:
text: 1992, N. B. Terwilliger, Chapter 8: Molecular Structure of the Extracellular Heme Proteins, Ch. P. Mangum (editor), Advances in Comparative & Environmental Physiology 13: Blood and Tissue Oxygen Carriers, Springer-Verlag, 1992 softcover reprint, page 203,
It was earlier thought that chlorocruorin was very different from hemoglobin based on a subunit structure with a mass of 34-35 kDa (Antonini et al. 1962; Guerratore and Zito 1977). […] Some writers have questioned the value of drawing a distinction between the chlorocruorins and hemoglobins, especially from an evolutionary point of view (Mangum 1985; see also Toulson, Chap. 9, this Vol.). The visual phenomenon of green blood has perhaps led to a stronger distinction between chlorocruorin and hemoglobin than warranted.
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A green respiratory pigment found in many annelids.
wikipedia: Ray Lankester
Hypernyms: haemoprotein
Related terms: chlorocruorohaem
chlorocruoroheme
cruorin
haemocyanin
haemerythrin
haemoglobin
AUTODIN
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Abbreviation of automatic digital network: the standard digital computer network of the US military.
hemerythrin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hemerythrins
form: haemerythrin
form: hæmerythrin
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A respiratory pigment found in sipunculids, priapulids and brachiopods.
Derived terms: myohemerythrin
hemocyanin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hemocyanins
form: haemocyanin
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: a blue copper-containing respiratory pigment (a metalloprotein) found in most molluscs, and some arthropods
Derived terms: keyhole limpet hemocyanin
fagotto
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fagottos
form: fagottoes
form: fagotti
Etymology: From Italian fagotto. So called from being divided into parts for ease of carrying, making it a sort of small bundle or fagot. Doublet of fagot and faggot.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The bassoon.
Derived terms: fagottist
restoration ecology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The application of the principles of ecology to the restoration of derelict, degraded and fragmented ecosystems.
restriction enzyme
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: restriction enzymes
Senses: examples: text: We now know of 400 different kinds of restriction enzymes, each of which recognises a different sequence of DNA letters and cuts there, like a pair of scissors that cuts the paper only where it finds the word ‘restriction’.
ref: 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 244:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: An endonuclease that catalyzes double-strand cleavage of DNA containing a specific sequence.
Related terms: modification enzyme
retaining wall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: retaining walls
Senses: examples: text: Masonry flying arches strutting the retaining walls in Chorley cutting, Manchester-Blackpool line, L.M.S.R.
ref: 1939 November, “Pertinent Paragraphs”, in Railway Magazine, page 358, photo caption:
text: The viaduct is joined to the embankment by retaining walls, which have been strengthened since they were constructed by the addition of stay bolts extending right through the embankment and fastened outside each retaining wall.
ref: 1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:
text: In order to accommodate the new platform 4 and the reversibly signalled slow line, a deep cutting had to be cut back and held up in places with a concrete retaining wall.
ref: 1962 June, David Walters, “The new station and layout at Coventry”, in Modern Railways, page 405:
text: Biddle even notes how Brunel, after observing how one retaining wall had part-collapsed during the construction of one of the GWR's Bristol tunnels during heavy rains, "decided to leave it like that and planted it with ivy to represent a ruined medieval gateway".
ref: 2020 August 26, Tim Dunn, “Great railway bores of our time!”, in Rail, page 43:
topics: civil-engineering
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of several structures used to restrain a vertical-faced mass of earth.
confraternity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: confraternities
Etymology: From Middle French confraternité.
Senses: examples: text: First the cell, then combinations of cells, then combinations of combinations, then more and more complex combinations, till the body of man is reached, where endless confraternities of cells, all with different functions, working to build and sustain different organs, […]
ref: 1909 April, John Burroughs, “The Long Road”, in The Atlantic Monthly, volume 13, The Riverside Press, page 458:
text: The two gravitated together in response to that law of nature which rules that the whole confraternity of politicians prefer to operate within the closed circle of its own initiates, rather than waste time with outsiders […]
ref: 1971, Anthony Powell, Books Do Furnish a Room, University of Chicago Press, published 2010, →ISBN:
glosses: A group with a common interest.
examples: text: […] in the later Middle Ages, in an urban complex, Carthusians and Benedictines would have existed alongside friars and beguines (and their southern counterparts) and possibly a Jewish community, […] many others committed to a confraternity or to special ascetic exercises […]
ref: 2002 September, John Van Engen, “The Future of Medieval Church History”, in Church History, volume 71, number 3:
glosses: A religious fraternity or brotherhood.
examples: text: [Napoleon's] coronation as Emperor had been followed immediately by the great battle of Austerlitz, which had prostrated Austria at his feet, and reduced the Czar of Russia to so humiliating a condition as ended in the total disruption of his confraternity with the Germanic powers.
ref: 1850 November, Thomas Jefferson, American Whig Review:
text: The great lights of commercial jurisprudence, international confraternity, and biological deviation, of all ages, all civilizations, and all nationalities, from Zoroaster down to Horace Greeley […]
ref: 1875, Mark Twain, Mark Twain's Sketches, New and Old:
text: I had seen and done things in the past few days that my entire life had not prepared me for, and I had felt emotions unknown to me: righteous anger, political confraternity and solidarity, deep fear.
ref: 1993, Greg Bear, Moving Mars, New York: Tor Books:
glosses: Brotherly friendship.
Derived terms: archconfraternity
confraternal
metropoleis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /mɛˈtɹɒ.pə.leɪz/
Senses: examples: text: In the sense of chief cities of colonies, especially in ancient Greece:
text: We have already mentioned that some colonies eventually became metropoleis.
ref: 1991, I M Drakonoff, Early Antiquity, page 363:
text: The role which the metropoleis developed as administrative centres for their nomes had always been inherent in the Ptolomeic system but the evidence suggests that it was much enhanced under the Romans.
ref: 1996, Alan K. Bowman, The Cambridge Ancient History, page 684:
text: The larger metropoleis were sizeable communities: Hermopolis had perhaps as many as 40,000 inhabitants, Oxyrhynchos maybe around 25,000.
ref: 1998, Jane Rowlandson, Women and Society in Greek and Roman Egypt, page 12:
text: In the sense of any large, busy city, especially as the main city in an area or country or as distinguished from surrounding rural areas:
text: Like bees to their hives, increasing numbers of Americans swarm into metropoleis.²
ref: 1968, University of Texas at Austin, Southwestern Political and Social Science Association, Social Science Quarterly, page 25:
text: Our census takers, population experts, sociologists, economists and urban planners all point to the bigger and better “metropoleis” (to use the accepted plural) of the future.
ref: 1968, George M. Smerk, Readings in Urban Transportation, page 172:
text: The pop-culture term, “metrosexual”, coined in 1994 by author, Mark Simpson, meaning “a dandyish narcissist in love with not only himself, but also his urban lifestyle; a straight man who is in touch with his feminine side” (wordspy.com), is spouted with increasing frequency on the streets of America’s metropoleis.
ref: 2003, ABIN Update: The Newsletter of the American Bundestag Intern Network, Volume 9, Issue 1 (Fall Edition), 2003 — “Metrosexual Beyond Borders”, p3
glosses: plural of metropolis
epimanikion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: epimanikia
Etymology: Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἐπιμανίκιον (epimaníkion), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + μανίκιον (maníkion, “sleeve”).
Senses: examples: text: a little band of marchers displays Greek Orthodox outfits, the rhason and sticharion, the epitrachelion and the epimanikia, the sakkos, the epigonation, the zone, the omophorion; they brandish icons and enkolpia, dikerotikera and dikanikion.
ref: 1972, Robert Silverberg, “Thomas the Proclaimer”, in Sailing to Byzantium, Agberg Ltd., published September 2000, page 232:
text: Embroidered on each epimanikion (maniple) are four scenes from the Dodekaorton. On the first epimanikion the Annunciation and the Nativity, proclaiming the humanity of God made man, the Baptism and the Transfiguration, proclaiming his divinity; on the second the Crucifixion and the Anastasis, signifying the redemption of mankind through the sacrifice of God, the Ascension and the Pentecost, symbols of the Church. Each epimanikion is divided vertically into three parts, the central one being halved horizontally in order to accommodate the four scenes, […]
ref: 1998, “Church Embroidery”, in Hellenic Ministry of Culture, archived from the original on 07 Feb 2005:
text: The cuffs, or epimanikia, which fit over the sticharion, bear little or no resemblance to the maniple.
ref: 1998, Encyclopaedia Britannica CD 98 Multimedia Edition:
text: Epimanikia (singular epimanikion) are liturgical vestments. They are fabric cuffs, usually brocade, that lace onto the wrists of a bishop, priest, […]
ref: 2005, “Epimanikia”, in Orthodox Wiki, archived from the original on 23 Feb 2005:
glosses: A cuff worn over the sticharion by clergy in the Greek Orthodox Church, corresponding to a maniple in other Catholic churches.
Coordinate terms: alb
epigonation
epitrachelion
maniple
omophorion
rhason
sakkos
sticharion
zone
connubial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈnjuː.bi.əl/
Forms: form: more connubial
form: most connubial
Etymology: 1650s, from Latin connūbiālis, from connūbium (“marriage, wedlock”) (variants of cōnūbiālis (“pertaining to wedlock”), from cōnūbium (“marriage, wedlock”)) from com- (“together”) (English com-) + nūbō (“marry, to take as husband”) (from which nubile) from Proto-Indo-European *sneubho- (“to marry, to wed”).
Senses: examples: text: "For my part," continued the Duke of Wharton, "I hold that the connubial system of this country is a complete mistake. The only happy marriages I ever heard of are those in some Eastern story I once read, where the king marries a new wife every night, and cuts off her head in the morning."
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 179–180:
text: Not gyved with connubial relations, I entered upon my migration entirely isolated, with the exception of a canine quadruped whose mordacious, latrant, lusorious, and venatic qualities, are without parity.
ref: 1856, Samuel Klinefelter Hoshour, Letters to Squire Pedant, in the East, page 13:
glosses: Of or relating to the state of being married.
Synonyms: conjugal
Derived terms: connubialism
connubiality
connubially
nonconnubial
postconnubial
preconnubial
unconnubial
Related terms: nubile
nuptial
nuptials
fatally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfeɪtəli/
ipa: [ˈfeɪ̯ɾl̩i]
Forms: form: more fatally
form: most fatally
Etymology: From fatal + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Witness our too much memorable shame
When Cressy battle fatally was struck,
And all our princes captiv'd by the hand
Of that black name, Edward, Black Prince of Wales;
ref: 1599, William Shakespeare, The Life of King Henry V:
text: He told Peace that he did not believe his statement that he had fired the pistol merely to frighten the constable; had not Robinson guarded his head with his arm he would have been wounded fatally, and Peace condemned to death.
ref: 1918, H. B. Irving, A Book of Remarkable Criminals:
text: A 22-year-old man has been jailed for life with a minimum term of 25 years for fatally stabbing 22-year-old Tashan Daniel in an unprovoked attack at Hillingdon Underground station on September 24 2019.
ref: 2020 September 9, “Network News: Man jailed for Hillingdon murder”, in Rail, page 25:
text: White, too, was found dead—fatally shot—at the scene.
ref: 2025 August 9, Keren Landman, “‘I’m Actually Surprised It Didn’t Happen Sooner’”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: In a deadly manner; lethally.
examples: text: Chelsea will point to that victory margin as confirmation of their superiority - but Spurs will complain their hopes of turning the game around were damaged fatally by Atkinson's decision.
ref: 2012 April 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 1-5 Chelsea”, in BBC:
text: "They pretend," as I hear, "that the verses of Kabir have four different senses; illusion, spirit, intellect, and the exoteric doctrine of the Vedas;" but in this part of the world it is considered a ground for complaint if a man's writings admit of more than one interpretation. While England endeavors to cure the potato-rot, will not any endeavor to cure the brain-rot, which prevails so much more widely and fatally?
ref: 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, or Life in the Woods:
glosses: Ultimately, with finality or irrevocability, moving towards the demise of something.
examples: text: He was a slender young man in hot black clothes; he wore the unfaçaded collar fatally and unanimously adopted by all adam's-apple men of morals; he was washed, fair, flat-skulled, clean-minded, and industrious; and the only noise of any kind he ever made in the world was on Sunday.
ref: 1913, Booth Tarkington, chapter 9, in The Flirt, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, page 138:
glosses: Fatedly; according to the dictates of fate or doom.
Synonyms: mortally
Derived terms: nonfatally
locoregional
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: By surface analysis, loc(al) + -o- + region + -al.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: regional
text: locoregional anesthesia;  locoregional therapy;  locoregional nerve block
text: chemotherapy for breast cancer by locoregional irradiation
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
antonyms: global
universal
systemic
systemic
;
bodywide
glosses: Being at the scale of, or having the scope of, local and regional.
Restricted to a certain limited area of the body (of a human, animal, or plant).
coordinate_terms: local
localized
examples: text: Near-synonym: regional
text: locoregional standards
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
antonyms: global
universal
systemic
global
worldwide
international
glosses: Being at the scale of, or having the scope of, local and regional.
Restricted to a locality or a region geographically.
coordinate_terms: national
nationwide
federal
countrywide
;
interregional
transregional
;
local
localized
Derived terms: locoregionally
Related terms: interregional
intraregional
locant
locational
locus
anchor buoy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: anchor buoys
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A small buoy, usually painted a distinctive color, attached to an anchor by a light line and used to indicate the location of the anchor on the bottom.
poleis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: pŏʹlāz
ipa: /ˈpɒleɪz/
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πόλεις (póleis, “cities”), nominative plural form of πόλις (pólis, “city”).
Senses: glosses: plural of polis
Derived terms: acropoleis
akropoleis
cosmopoleis
ecumenopoleis
megalopoleis
megapoleis
metropoleis
necropoleis
nekropoleis
-poleis
technopoleis
Reynolds number
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Reynolds numbers
Etymology: Named after British engineer Osborne Reynolds.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A dimensionless parameter that determines the behavior of viscous flow patterns. In pipe flow a value less than about 2,000 (known as the critical Reynolds number) produces laminar flow, one above about 3,000 produces turbulent flow (intermediate values produce unpredictable behavior).
Related terms: critical Reynolds number
Reynolds
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛnəldz/
Forms: form: Reynoldses
Etymology: From Reynold + -s.
Senses: examples: text: A man named Chris Reynolds was credited $92 quadrillion USD on his paypal account, "This unexpected influx of wealth elevated him to the status of the richest person on the planet and the only quadrillionaire to have ever existed". Following this, after the man reported this error and it was fixed, "PayPal owned up to their mistake and thanked the richest man of all time for understanding the situation, saying: 'This is obviously an error and we appreciate that Mr. Reynolds understood this was the case'".
ref: 2013 July, Microsoft Network, Richest Man of All-Time Dramatically Gained and Lost His Entire Fortune in Just 2 Minutes:
glosses: A surname originating as a patronymic, derived from Reynold.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Taylor County, Georgia.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Rock Island County and Mercer County, Illinois.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Lee County, Illinois.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in White County, Indiana.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Montcalm County, Michigan.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Todd County, Minnesota.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Dallas County, Missouri.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Reynolds County, Missouri.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Jefferson County, Nebraska.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Grand Forks County and Traill County, North Dakota.
Derived terms: Reynolds County
Reynolds number
Reynolds operator
Reynolds syndrome
Reynolds
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛnəldz/
Etymology: From Reynold + -s.
Senses: glosses: plural of Reynold
Related terms: Renolds
Reynold
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛnəld/
rhymes: -ɛnəld
Forms: form: Reynolds
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman Reinald, from Proto-Germanic *Raginawaldaz brought to England by Normans and partly merged with the earlier equivalent Ronald, from Old Norse Rǫgnvaldr. Doublet of Renault.
Senses: glosses: A male given name from the Germanic languages, today more popular in the forms Reginald and Ronald. Modern use is partly transferred from the surname.
glosses: A surname originating as a patronymic.
Related terms: Reginald
Reynolds
Ronald
Renaud
Renault
barrier reef
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: barrier reefs
Senses: examples: text: Ask anyone who's been there and they'll tell you the same thing - there's no surf in Tahiti. The reason they say is because this barrier reef.
ref: 1966, Bruce Brown, director, The Endless Summer:
glosses: A reef separated from the adjacent coast by a channel or lagoon; a reef that forms a barrier between the open ocean and the waters of the shoreline.
toddy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: toddies
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi ताड़ी (tāṛī), ultimately from Dravidian.
Senses: examples: text: Yonatan brings them all dandelion toddies and places down a caddy on the center of their table crowded with bottles of hot sauce, packets of tapioca pearls, salt, utensils, and miniature divination games
ref: 2020, Julian K. Jarboe, Everyone on the Moon Is Essential Personnel: Stories, Lethe Press, →ISBN, page 115:
glosses: Ellipsis of hot toddy.
examples: text: […] the cocoa-nut tree yields a pure draught from a dry and barren land; a cup of water to the temperate and thirsty traveler; a cup of cream from the pressed kernel; a cup of refreshing and sparkling toddy to the early riser; […]
ref: 1873 [1855], Samuel White Baker, Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon, J. B. Lippincott & Co., pages 272–273:
text: Moti Guj was very fond of liquor—arrack for choice, though he would drink palm-tree toddy if nothing better offered.
ref: 1891 August, Rudyard Kipling, “Moti Guj–Mutineer”, in Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., […], published October 1891, →OCLC, page 308:
text: A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff. These properties were known to have belonged to a toddy drawer. He had disappeared.
ref: 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:
glosses: The sweet sap from any of several tropical trees fermented to make an alcoholic drink.
synonyms: palm wine
glosses: The drink itself.
Synonyms: alcoholic beverage
Derived terms: toddy bird
toddy cat
toddy iron
toddy ladle
toddyman
toddy palm
toddy shrike
toddy stick
Tokyoite
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Tokyoite
form: most Tokyoite
Etymology: From Tokyo + -ite.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to Tokyo, the capital of Japan.
Tokyoite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Tokyoites
Etymology: From Tokyo + -ite.
Senses: glosses: An inhabitant or native of Tokyo.
torrefied
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of torrefy
torrefied
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more torrefied
form: most torrefied
Senses: examples: text: For brewing our bitters we only use pale malt, torrefied wheat, and hops.
text: Torrefied biomass is more brittle than raw biomass and has a higher carbon content.
glosses: Having undergone torrefaction; dried or roasted.
touchhole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: touchholes
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of touch hole.
touch hole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: touch holes
form: touch-hole
form: touchhole
Senses: synonyms: vent
glosses: A small hole through which the propellant charge of a cannon or muzzleloading gun is ignited.
touch-hole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: touch-holes
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of touch hole.
touchiest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of touchy: most touchy
tralaticious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of tralatitious.
train bottle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: train bottles
Senses: glosses: An ornamental glass bottle in the shape of a locomotive.
trashsport
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: trashsports
Etymology: From trash + sport.
Senses: examples: text: Trashsport can be described as novel sports competition designed to entertain television viewers.
ref: 1990 March 23, Jack Craig, “NBC TO REVIVE TRASHSPORTS”, in Boston Globe:
glosses: An entertainment that is supposedly a sport but has no real sporting content.
Related terms: professional wrestling
trestle bridge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: trestle bridges
Senses: examples: text: Just beyond Base Station, the Ammonoosuc River is crossed on a simple trestle bridge.
ref: 1954 November, Robert F. Legget, “The Mount Washington Cog Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 790:
text: A timber trestle bridge was used in this instance because the boggy peat soil offered only a poor foundation. The piles extend 25 ft. below the surface of the ground.
ref: 1957 January 24, “Notes and News: A Trestle Bridge in the Highlands”, in Railway Magazine, page 65:
glosses: A bridge supported on a system of trestles.
batten
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæt(ə)n/
enpr: băt'-n
ipa: /ˈbætən/
ipa: [-ɾən]
rhymes: -ætən
homophone: baton (one pronunciation)
Forms: form: more batten
form: most batten
Etymology: The verb is derived from Middle English *battenen, *batnen, of North Germanic origin, probably from Old Norse batna (“to grow better, improve, recover”), from Proto-Germanic *batnaną (“to become better, improve”) (compare Old Norse bati (“advantage, improvement”), from Proto-Germanic *batô (“improvement, recovery”)), from *bataz (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰed- (“good”). Compare battle (“(adjective) improving; fattening, nutritious; fertile, fruitful; (verb) to feed or nourish; to render (land, etc.) fertile or fruitful”) (obsolete).
The adjective is probably derived from the verb.
Cognates
* Dutch baten (“to avail, benefit, profit”)
* Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gabatnan, “to benefit, profit”)
* Icelandic batna (“to improve, recover”)
* Old English batian (“to get better, recover”)
Senses: examples: text: The Soile for the moſt part is lifted vp into many hilles, parted aſunder vvith narrovv and ſhort vallies, and a ſhallovv earth doth couer their out-ſide, vvhich by a Sea-vveede called Orevvood, and a certaine kinde of fruitfull Sea-ſand, they make ſo ranke and batten, as is vncredible.
ref: 1627, John Speed, “Cornwall”, in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland Described and Abridged. […], London: […] Georg Humble […], →OCLC, signature [D6], verso, paragraph 3:
synonyms: word: batful
word: battle
extra: (“of grass or pasture: nutritious to cattle or sheep; of land (originally pastureland) or soil: fertile, fruitful”)
glosses: Synonym of battle (“of grass or pasture: nutritious to cattle or sheep; of land (originally pastureland) or soil: fertile, fruitful”).
batten
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæt(ə)n/
enpr: băt'-n
ipa: /ˈbætən/
ipa: [-ɾən]
rhymes: -ætən
homophone: baton (one pronunciation)
Forms: form: battens
form: batton
Etymology: The noun is from Middle English bataunt, batent (“finished bar or board (as for panelling)”), from Old French batent (“a beating”), a noun use of the present participle form of batre (“to beat, hit, strike”), from Late Latin battere, the present active infinitive of battō (“to beat”), from Latin battuō (“(very rare) to beat, hit, strike”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ-, *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce; to stab”) or *bʰat- (“to hit”), ultimately onomatopoeic.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: topics: business
carpentry
construction
manufacturing
hyponyms: word: counterlath
word: dropper
word: jackstay
word: studding
glosses: A plank or strip of wood, or several of such strips arranged side by side, used in construction to hold members of a structure together, to provide a fixing point, to strengthen, or to prevent warping.
glosses: A strip of wood holding a number of lamps; especially (theater), one used for illuminating a stage; (by extension, also attributive) a long bar, usually metal, affixed to the ceiling or fly system and used to support curtains, scenery, etc.
examples: text: The next morning, we took the battens from the hatches, and opened the ship.
ref: 1840, R[ichard] H[enry] D[ana], Jr., chapter XXIX, in Two Years before the Mast. […] (Harper’s Family Library; no. CVI), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], →OCLC, page 326:
text: She was too sick to get out of bed, and he was not able to hoist her up without assistance; […] we were permitted to come in and hoist her ladyship up again to the battens.
ref: 1840, [Frederick] Marryat, “In which, Like Most People, who Tell Their Own Stories, I Begin with the Histories of Other People”, in Poor Jack. […], London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 6:
text: In carvel construction, the planks which cover the sides of the vessel lie alongside one another without overlapping and the seams are calked. Where the construction is too light to admit calking, a narrow batten or ribband is run along the seams inside.
ref: 1972 September 1, “Basic Construction of Small Boats and Ships”, in Marine Crewman’s Handbook (Technical Manual; 55-501), Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, →OCLC, section II (The Construction of Small Boats), page 12-3:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A long, narrow strip, originally of wood but now also of fibreglass, metal, etc., used for various purposes aboard a ship; especially one attached to a mast or spar for protection, one holding down the edge of a tarpaulin covering a hatch to prevent water from entering the hatch, one inserted in a pocket sewn on a sail to keep it flat, or one from which a hammock is suspended.
topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
weaving
synonyms: beater
lathe
glosses: The movable bar of a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof.
Derived terms: battenboard
battenless
counter batten
sweat batten
batten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæt(ə)n/
enpr: băt'-n
ipa: /ˈbætən/
ipa: [-ɾən]
rhymes: -ætən
homophone: baton (one pronunciation)
Forms: form: battens
form: battening
form: battened
form: battened
Etymology: The noun is from Middle English bataunt, batent (“finished bar or board (as for panelling)”), from Old French batent (“a beating”), a noun use of the present participle form of batre (“to beat, hit, strike”), from Late Latin battere, the present active infinitive of battō (“to beat”), from Latin battuō (“(very rare) to beat, hit, strike”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ-, *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce; to stab”) or *bʰat- (“to hit”), ultimately onomatopoeic.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: glosses: To furnish (something) with battens (noun sense 1).
examples: text: Nail down the lid; caulk the seams; pay over the same with pitch; batten them down tight, and hang it with the snap-spring over the ship's stern. Were ever such things done before with a coffin?
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Life-buoy”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 580:
topics: nautical
transport
antonyms: unbatten
glosses: Chiefly followed by down: to fasten or secure (a hatch, opening, etc.) using battens (noun sense 2.2).
Derived terms: word: batten down
word: batten down the hatches
word: battened
word: battening
word: unbatten
trestlework
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: trestleworks
Etymology: From trestle + work.
Senses: glosses: A system of trestles, especially one used to support a bridge.
trigonometric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌtɹɪɡənəˈmɛtɹɪk/
ipa: /ˌtɹɪɡənəˈmetɹɪk/
Forms: form: trigonometrical
form: trigometric
Etymology: From trigonometr(y) + -ic.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: of, relating to, or constructed using trigonometry
Derived terms: trigonometric addition formula
trigonometric cofunction
trigonometric function
trigonometric identity
trigonometric integral
trigonometric interpolation
trigonometric polynomial
trigonometric power formula
trigonometric product formula
trigonometric rational function
trigonometric series
trigonometric series formula
trigonometric substitution
tropical disease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tropical diseases
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: any infectious disease which occurs only, or more often, in tropical or subtropical regions
truckling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more truckling
form: most truckling
Senses: glosses: Apt to truckle, often fawning, obsequious, ingratiating.
truckling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: Present participle and gerund of truckle.
truckling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: trucklings
Senses: examples: text: Despicable trickery at elections; under-handed tamperings with public officers; cowardly attacks upon opponents, with scurrilous newspapers for shields, and hired pens for daggers; shameful trucklings to mercenary knaves […]
ref: 1842, Charles Dickens, American Notes for General Circulation. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Fawning; ingratiation.
'tween
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: -iːn
Senses: examples: text: “Skunks first colonized this land in 1794. With the arrival of European settlers, an uneasy truce was established tween man and skunk. Gifts were exchanged. Treaties were struck... and broken. A feud ignited, resulting in the Battle of Skunktown.”
ref: 2021 April 18, Christy Stratton & Erin Wagoner, “Hoot 'N Haw” (1:33 from the start), in Bless the Harts, season 2, episode 18, spoken by Denise (Kristen Wiig):
glosses: Contraction of between.
Derived terms: tweenager
'tweenbrain
tweener
tweeny
'tween
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -iːn
Forms: form: 'tweens
form: 'tweening
form: 'tweened
form: 'tweened
Senses: qualifier: animation
glosses: Alternative form of tween
discompose
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: discomposes
form: discomposing
form: discomposed
form: discomposed
Etymology: From dis- + compose.
Senses: examples: text: I am glad I have done being in love with him. I should not like a man who is so soon discomposed by a hot morning.
ref: 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume III, chapter 6:
text: You will not be discomposed by the Lord Chancellor, I dare say?
ref: 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 3, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:
text: That thought appeared to discompose her greatly, though Jasper made light of it by rapidly back-scratching with his hind legs and giving a short stern bark, just to assure her that strangers would be rushed off the property on sight.
ref: 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 127:
synonyms: word: perturb
word: unsettle
word: agitate
word: freak
word: bother
word: bring down
word: discompose
word: disconcert
word: enturbulate
word: disturb
word: mortify
word: perturb
word: put out
word: ruffle
word: throw off balance
word: unsettle
word: upset
glosses: To destroy the composure of; to disturb or agitate.
examples: text: If e'er with airy horns I planted heads,
Or rumpled petticoats, or tumbled beds,
Or caus'd suspicion when no soul was rude,
ref: 1712-17, Alexander Pope, The Rape of the Lock (London: Chiswick Press. 1925), canto IV
roman: Or discompos'd the head-dress of a prude...
synonyms: betumble
derange
displace
disrange
ruffle up
unsettle
glosses: To disarrange, or throw into a state of disorder.
Related terms: decompose