cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Chengdu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɛŋ.du/
ipa: /t͡ʃʌŋ-/
ipa: /t͡ʃɑŋ-/
ipa: /t͡ʃæŋ-/
enpr: chǔngʹdo͞oʹ
Forms: form: Ch'eng-tu
form: Ch'êng-tu
form: Chengtu
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 成都 (Chéngdū), supposedly bestowed upon it during its first founding by the ninth king of the Shu Kingdom's Kaiming dynasty when he removed his court there from nearby Pi County.
Senses: examples: text: As the United States lashed out against the “new tyranny” of China, Beijing on Friday ordered the closure of the American consulate in Chengdu, a retaliatory move that threatens to drive the two powers into an even deeper divide.
Beijing blamed the Trump administration for the deterioration in relations, calling its own action justified after Washington told China this week to shutter its consulate in Houston and accused its diplomats of acting illegally. A Chinese official, in turn, denounced American diplomats in Chengdu, a southwestern city, for interfering in China’s affairs.
ref: 2020 July 24, Keith Bradsher, Steven Lee Myers, “China Orders U.S. to Shut Consulate in Chengdu, Retaliating for Houston”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 24 Jul 2020, Asia Pacific:
text: Millions were stuck at home in China's Chengdu on Friday after a handful of Covid-19 cases brought the megacity to a standstill.
ref: 2022 September 2, “Millions locked down in China's Chengdu over Covid outbreak”, in France 24, sourced from Beijing (AFP), archived from the original on 02 Sep 2022, Live News:
glosses: A subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China.
Dalian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɑːliˈæn/
ipa: /dɑːliˈɛn/
enpr: däʹlyěnʹ
rhymes: -æn
rhymes: -ɛn
Forms: form: Ta-lien
form: Talien
Etymology: Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大連 /大连 (Dàlián), ultimately from Russian Да́льний (Dálʹnij, literally “distant”). Related to the name of the bay called after a village located on the opposite side of the bay.
Senses: examples: text: In a rare interview, Ms. Sun spoke with pride about her blue collar past. “I come from a worker’s background, and I have a very deep and special feeling for organized labor,” she told the Dalian Daily.
As party secretary of Dalian, a city in northeastern China, Ms. Sun honed her political acumen.
ref: 2022 October 19, Alexandra Stevenson, “For Women in China’s Communist Party, It’s Lonely at the Top”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 Oct 2022:
glosses: A major subprovincial city of Liaoning, in northeastern China.
Related terms: sense: from Japanese
word: Dairen
sense: from Russian
word: Dalniy
word: Lüda
word: Port Arthur
Dalian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɑːliˈæn/
ipa: /dɑːliˈɛn/
enpr: däʹlyěnʹ
rhymes: -æn
rhymes: -ɛn
ipa: /ˈdɑːliən/
ipa: /dɑːˈliːən/
rhymes: -iːən
ipa: /dɑːliˈæn/
ipa: /dɑːliˈɛn/
enpr: däʹlyěnʹ
rhymes: -æn
rhymes: -ɛn
Forms: form: more Dalian
form: most Dalian
Etymology: From Dalí + -an.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to Salvador Dalí (1904–1989), Spanish surrealist painter.
Synonyms: Dalinian
two wrongs make a right
Language: English
Part of speech: proverb
Senses: topics: ethics
human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
antonyms: two wrongs don't make a right
glosses: A logical informal fallacy whereby a wrongful action is justified by the commission of another.
Shenyang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɛnˈjæŋ/
enpr: shǔnʹyängʹ
rhymes: -æŋ
Forms: form: Shen-yang
form: Shênyang
Etymology: From Mandarin 瀋陽 /沈阳 (Shěnyáng).
Senses: examples: text: The northeastern city of Shenyang has become one of the country's chief machine building centers and plants there include one for making pneumatic mining tools and three for various types of machine tools. Also in Shenyang is a new plant that builds blast furnaces and openhearths, with the destination of Anshan.
ref: 1958 August 7, Robert Westgate, “China's Industrial Target: To Overtake Britain in 15 Years”, in The Iron Age, volume 182, number 6, page 43:
text: We are reasonably sure that Li is still alive in Shenyang, but there is no denying that he is now a very questionable figure.
ref: 1975 January 5, L. Chen, “Bomb planted by Wang Hung-wen?”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 1, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:
text: I know of no industrial unit outside Lushun and Talien that was able to conclude a contract of such comprehensiveness as the glass factory and even in Shenyang where production was rapidly restored and where there were many advanced industrial enterprises, it was felt that the Lushun-Talien model was too comprehensive and of too high a standard to serve as a model for its own collective contracts.
ref: 1976, William Brugger, Democracy & organisation in the Chinese industrial enterprise (1948-1953), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 168:
text: Shenyang is a sprawling industrial and financial center, the largest city in northeastern China, with a reputation as the region’s crime capital. The city was overrun with violent gangs and controlled by corrupt public officials who were regularly purged by the government in Beijing, only to be replaced by new ones. The developers Hongwei knew in Shenyang were all gangsters, and when they weren't making shady deals, they were spending their nights in private gambling parlors.
ref: 2015, Yeonmi Park, Maryanne Vollers, “Kidnapped”, in In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom (Non-fiction), Penguin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 169:
text: China’s continuing strict coronavirus controls have battered local economies across the country. But Shenyang has endured a double blow. Just 150 miles from the North Korean border, it is suffering not only from the restrictions in China, but also from those imposed by the even more isolated country next door.
ref: 2022 August 30, Vivian Wang, “Lockdowns in China, and North Korea, Deal Double Blow to Bridge City”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 30 Aug 2022, Business:
holonyms: Liaodong
glosses: A subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, in northeastern China.
Synonyms: sense: from Manchu
word: Mukden
word: Moukden
Xiamen
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃjɑːˈmɛn/
enpr: shyäʹmǔnʹ
rhymes: -ɛn
Forms: form: Hsiamen
form: Hsia-men
form: Siamen
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 廈門 /厦門 /厦门 (Xiàmén).
Senses: examples: text: The BRICS -- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa -- had gathered in the southeastern Chinese city of Xiamen hoping to counter accusations that the group of big emerging economies was drifting apart and becoming irrelevant.
ref: 2017 September 4, “BRICS meets in shadow of North Korea bombshell”, in France 24, archived from the original on 04 Sep 2017, Live news:
text: For the past month Beijing has routinely sent drones over the Kinmen islands, which are about six miles from the coastal Chinese city of Xiamen. Recently China started to release high-resolution, close-range drone video of military facilities on Kinmen.
ref: 2022 September 1, Didi Tang, “Taiwan shoots down Chinese drone”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 01 Sep 2022, World:
text: After the incident, Taiwan said five Chinese surveillance ships on Monday had entered prohibited or restricted waters of the Kinmen Islands, located a few kilometers from the southeastern Chinese city of Xiamen, home to more than 100,000 Taiwanese.
ref: 2024 February 28, “China tells Taiwan to explain death of 2 fishermen near Kinmen Islands”, in EFE, archived from the original on 29 Feb 2024:
glosses: A prefecture-level city and subprovincial city of Fujian, in southeastern China.
wikipedia: :zh:周婉窈
Cambridge University Press
Synonyms: sense: from Hokkien
word: Amoy
all that glitters is not gold
Language: English
Part of speech: proverb
Forms: form: all that glisters is not gold
form: all that glitters
Etymology: Calque of Latin nōn omne quod nitet aurum est (“not all that shines is gold”). Popularized by William Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice, see quotations.
Senses: examples: text: All that gliſters is not gold,
 Often haue you heard that told, […]
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii], signature [D4], recto:
glosses: Things that appear valuable or worthwhile might not actually be so; things that appear nice might not be as good as they appear.
wikipedia: William Shakespeare
Synonyms: you can't judge a book by its cover
looks can be deceiving
Related terms: fool's gold
bright shiny object
alma mater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌælmə ˈmeɪtə(ɹ)/
/ˌælmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/
/ˌɑːlmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: almae matres
form: alma maters
Etymology: From Latin alma māter (literally “nourishing mother”). Derives from the full name ("Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna") of the oldest European university, the University of Bologna, founded in 1088.
Senses: examples: text: I’m in the place where I grew up, where my alma mater is.
ref: 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Evesham (1870)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 58:
text: However, a new analysis from Trump’s alma mater suggests that his immigration crackdown – a centerpiece of his second term – could do the exact opposite.
ref: 2025 July 25, Matt Egan, “How Trump’s mass deportations could backfire on the American economy by shrinking paychecks”, in CNN Business:
glosses: A school, college, or university which a person has graduated from or attended.
glosses: A school’s anthem or song.
Derived terms: matriotism
Related terms: alimentary
alimony
alumnus
mater
maternal
maternity
matriculate
wantonry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From wanton + -ry.
Senses: examples: text: Now hold your tongues for charity, / my nobles knights and ladies free, / And listen to my spell, / To battle and to chivalry / And making love in wantonry / For such is what I tell.
ref: 1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of Sir Topaz”, in Nevill Coghill, transl., The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, published 1977, page 200:
glosses: The state of being wanton.
Jinan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒiːˌnɑːn/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪ-/
ipa: /-ˌnæn/
enpr: jēʹnänʹ
enpr: jēnän
enpr: jĭ-
enpr: -năn
Forms: form: Ji'nan
form: Tsinan
form: Chinan
form: Chi-nan
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 濟南 /济南 (Jǐnán).
Senses: examples: text: On the outskirts of Jinan, capital of eastern Shandong province, a billion cockroaches are being fed with 50 tonnes of kitchen waste a day - the equivalent in weight to seven adult elephants.
ref: 2018 December 10, Thomas Suen, Ryan Woo, “Bug business - Cockroaches corralled by the millions in China to crunch waste”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 29 Mar 2025:
text: - Woolly hat and sun cream -
Shandong Luneng Taishan, as their full name goes, are based in Jinan, a fast-growing city of about 7.5 million people in China's east. Jinan is the capital of Shandong province.
Fellaini will need a wardrobe for all four seasons. Jinan is currently about as chilly as Manchester, but it can easily drop well below freezing. Summers will be much hotter than northern England, nudging above 30 degrees Celsius (86F).
- Pollution, traffic -
Many Chinese cities are plagued by traffic congestion and pollution, but those problems are acute in Jinan.
The Asian Development Bank in 2017 said rapid economic growth and urbanisation had made Jinan the most congested city in China. It is also in the top 10 most polluted.
ref: 2019 February 4, “Choking smog and 'spring heaven': Fellaini's new home in China”, in France 24, archived from the original on 21 May 2022:
glosses: A prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China.
Synonyms: word: Tsinanfu
Jinan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒiːˌnɑːn/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪ-/
ipa: /-ˌnæn/
enpr: jēʹnänʹ
enpr: jēnän
enpr: jĭ-
enpr: -năn
Forms: form: Ji'nan
form: Tsinan
form: Chinan
form: Chi-nan
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紀南 /纪南 (Jìnán).
Senses: glosses: A town in Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, in central China.
glosses: The ancient capital of the former State of Chu in modern Hubei, China.
amanuensis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˌmænjuˈɛnsɪs/
enpr: ə-măn'yo͞o-ĕnʹsĭs
Forms: form: amanuenses
Etymology: From Latin āmanuēnsis (“secretary”), from ab- (“from, off (of)”) + manus (“hand”) + -ensis (“of or from (a place)”), early 17th c.
Senses: examples: text: As pay was Lady Anne's object, and poor Georgiana was intended to be the amanuensis, should she be found capable of forming sentences out of disjointed hints, and of wrapping foul facts in clean composition.
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 296-297:
glosses: One employed to take dictation, or copy manuscripts.
examples: text: In consequence of this fashion of authors dictating their works, expedition came to be considered of the utmost importance; it was regarded as the chief accomplishment of an amanuensis; and he alone was considered as perfect in his art, whose pen could equal the rapidity of utterance: […]
ref: 1827, John Colin Dunlop, History of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age, volume II:
text: “[…] We are engaged in a great work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic?[…]”
ref: 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 12:
text: I, his mere amanuensis, am left to do what little I can to keep the institution functioning.
ref: 1974, John Gardner, “The Warden”, in The King's Indian:
glosses: A clerk, secretary or stenographer, or scribe.
Amina
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Amīna
form: Ameena
form: Aminah
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic أَمِينَة (ʔamīna).
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Arabic, meaning “faithful, trustworthy”, masculine equivalent Amin.
Amina
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Āmina
form: Amna
form: Aminah
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic آمِنَة (ʔāmina).
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Arabic, notably borne by
glosses: A female given name from Arabic, notably borne by:
the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
analytic tradecraft
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: A phrase coined by Jack Davis, for decades one of the foremost instructors on the craft of analysis at the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.
Senses: glosses: The part of tradecraft concerned with the analysis of intelligence
wikipedia: Central Intelligence Agency
anatopism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: anatopisms
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “against”) and τόπος (tópos, “place”), apparently by analogy with anachronism.
Senses: examples: text: A war elephant described rampaging through Tenochtitlan in a novel about the Aztec Empire would be an anatopism.
text: […] and can find no associates in size at a less distance than two centuries; and in arranging which the puzzled librarian must commit an anachronism in order to avoid an anatopism.
ref: 1836: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Henry Nelson Coleridge, Esq., M. A., ed, The Literary Remains of Samuel Taylor Coleridge
text: There is no anachronism in putting them together; it is a sort of anatopism rather; the painter has placed within our view two scenes which no mortal eye could have witnessed at the same time.
ref: 1912, Augustus Hopkins Strong, Miscellanies:
text: It is a remarkable fact that, so far as I can judge, no case of local inconsistency, not a single anatopism, can be brought home to the Iliad.
ref: 1921, John Anthony Scott, The Unity of Homer:
text: Much of the literature on the 'Japanese Miracle' (as well as on that vast anatopism, the transfer of Japanese recipes to Western countries) expatiates on […]
ref: 1995, Tony Killick, The Flexible Economy: Causes and Consequences of the Adaptability of National Economies:
text: […] the semiotic mechanism of reorganizing space in this manner as an anatopism. Anatopism renders places such as Bali equivalents of other places […]
ref: 2006, Lilie Chouliaraki, The Spectatorship of Suffering:
glosses: A thing that is out of its proper place; the geographic counterpart to anachronism.
any press is good press
Language: English
Part of speech: proverb
Senses: glosses: Being mentioned in the media, even in the context of a scandal or controversy, is beneficial to the subject because it brings publicity.
Synonyms: all publicity is good publicity
it doesn't matter what they say about you as long as they spell your name right
there is no such thing as bad press
there is no such thing as bad publicity
Anshan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: enpr: änʹshänʹ
rhymes: -æn
Forms: form: An-shan
Etymology: From Mandarin 鞍山 (Ānshān).
Senses: examples: text: South Manchuria Railway Co., Peking, China, perfecting plans for early construction new steel mill Anshan, Manchuria, for manufacture steel bars black sheets, railway sleepers, steel poles, and other iron and steel products used railroad construction and operation.
ref: 1928 August 23, “Foreign”, in The Iron Age, volume 122, number 8, New York, page 508, column 3:
text: It appears a foregone conclusion that the National Government will take Harbin as soon as the Generalissimo gives the nod. Also, as the new 6th Army, one of the corps d'élite of Chinese forces, is now stationed in and around Anshan, a move on Antung appears likely and may have already begun.
ref: 1946 September 27, John Leighton Stuart, The Ambassador in China (Stuart) to the Secretary of State (Foreign Relations of the United States 1946), Government Printing Office, page 235:
text: In old China industry was concentrated in the eastern part of the country. Nearly all the iron and steel enterprises were set up in the cities of Anshan, Penki, Talien, Tientsin and Shanghai, within 100 kilometres of the sea.
ref: 1964, 任育地 [Jen Yu-ti], 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 52:
english: A Concise Geography of China
translation: A Concise Geography of China
text: A dissident detained seven weeks ago in northeastern China has been charged with subversion, a human rights group reported Wednesday.
Police in the town of Anshan in Liaoning province notified Wang Zechen’s family of the charges on Wednesday, according to the Information Center of Human Rights and Democracy in China.
ref: 1999 July 14, “Report: Chinese Dissident Charged”, in AP News, archived from the original on 23 Jun 2022:
text: Women’s jails in China are filled with women who have injured or killed abusive husbands, according to the Anti-Domestic Violence Network, citing research by local women’s federations and scholars. Studies found such women represented 60 percent of inmates in one prison in Anshan, Liaoning Province, and 80 percent of women serving heavy sentences in a prison in Fuzhou, Fujian Province.
ref: 2014 June 24, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Death Penalty Overturned for Wife Who Killed Abuser”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 08 Apr 2023, Sinosphere:
glosses: A prefecture-level city of Liaoning, in northeastern China.
Anshan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: enpr: änʹshänʹ
rhymes: -æn
Forms: form: Anzan
Senses: glosses: An ancient Elamite and later Achaemenid Persian city in modern-day Iran.
argie bargie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of argy-bargy (arguing contentiously)
argumentum ad Lazarum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: argumenta ad Lazarum
Etymology: Latin Named after Lazarus, a beggar in the New Testament who receives his reward in the afterlife.
Senses: examples: text: Indeed, the geographical fact that economic wealth and neoliberal globalization are very geographically concentrated, with just a few cities in advanced economies being the preferred locations for the world’s major stock exchanges, for the headquarters of banks and other producer service firms, cannot be wished away through either an argumentum ad lazarum (appeal to poverty) or appreciation for the diversity of urban cultures (eg, see Myers, 2011).
ref: 2013, Richard G. Smith, “The ordinary city trap”, in Environment and Planning A, volume 45, page 2290:
glosses: An appeal to poverty; the logical fallacy of thinking a conclusion is correct because the speaker is poor.
wikipedia: Lazarus and Dives
Baotou
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /baʊ.toʊ/
enpr: bouʹtōʹ
Forms: form: Pao-t'ou
form: Paotow
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 包頭 /包头 (Bāotóu), from Mongolian ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ (buɣutu, “haunt of deer”), from ᠪᠤᠭᠤ (buɣu, “deer”) / буга (buga) + -ᠲᠤ (-tu, “with…”) / -т (-t, “ornative case suffix”).
Senses: examples: text: Moving west from Paotowchen there is only one highway, which many camel trains from Kansu follow in winter, but which is almost deserted in summer when the Yellow River is ice free. This road leads through Santaoho, a Roman Catholic Mission village near the elbow of the river, through Shihtsuishan, where there is a carefully guarded pass and a large garrison, and on into the populous Ninghsia district of Kansu, altogether an eighteen day journey of about 1,300 11 through thinly settled country in which a pestilence would travel with difficulty and in which it could have been most effectually checked at any of half a dozen points.
ref: [1918 April, Rodney Gilbert, “Pneumonic Plague in China”, in Asia, volume XVIII, number 4, American Asiatic Association, page 344, columns 2, 3:
text: Alley and I were not going to Turkestan. We were on a four-hundred-and-fifty-mile trip to Paotou (pronounced Bao Toe), which used to be the frontier end of the line and is now autonomous Inner Mongolia’s largest city.
ref: [1962, Edgar Snow, “Paotou Retrospect”, in Red China Today: The Other Side of the River, Penguin Books, published 1970, →OCLC, page 72:
text: Dirty, toxic, radioactive: Working in the mining sector
One of the most extreme examples is Baotou, a Chinese city in Inner Mongolia, where rare earth mining poisoned surrounding farms and nearby villages, causing thousands of people to leave the area.
ref: 2021 April 13, Michel Penke, “Toxic and radioactive: The damage from mining rare elements”, in DW News, archived from the original on 13 Apr 2021, CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS:
glosses: A prefecture-level city, the largest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, in northern China.
Armill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Armills
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of armill.
army golf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: The term stems from the army marching cadence: left-right-left. In other words, a golfer hits one shot to the left, the next to the right, and very few of them straight.
Senses: examples: text: I play army golf; right, left, right, left from one side of the course to the other. More than I would like, I hit the ball into shrubs or trees rather than into the generous mowed areas of grass.
ref: 2002, John P. Borden, The Complete Guide for the Romantically Challenged Male, page 102:
topics: golf
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The situation when a player is spraying the golf ball all over the golf course in different directions.
Fuzhou
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfuˈt͡ʃoʊ/
ipa: /fuːˈt͡ʃəʊ/
note: General American, hyperforeign
ipa: /ˈfuˈd͡ʒoʊ/
note: General American, hyperforeign
ipa: /ˈfuˈʒoʊ/
note: Received Pronunciation, hyperforeign
ipa: /fuːˈd͡ʒəʊ/
note: Received Pronunciation, hyperforeign
ipa: /fuːˈʒəʊ/
note: hyperforeign
enpr: fo͞oʹjōʹ
Forms: form: Foochow
form: Fuchow
form: Fuh-Chau
form: Fuh-chau
form: Fujhou
form: Fu-chou
form: Fuchou
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 福州 (Fúzhōu).
Senses: examples: text: At the end of August Eaton anchored at a group of three small islands off the coast of Fujian to take on fresh water, as the casks had not been refilled since leaving the Cape in April. Cuninghame calls these islands the Crocodile Islands, but he says the Chinese call them the ‘Pek-kin Islands’. These are the Matsu Islands, north east of Fuzhou, one of which is called Peikantang or Peikan Island.
ref: 2007, Jane Kilpatrick, “The first collector”, in Gifts from the Gardens of China: The Introduction of Traditional Chinese Garden Plants to Britain 1698-1862, Frances Lincoln Limited, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 41:
text: In a past life in Fuzhou, it represented some reality other than the one of daily congee and pickled turnips, cabbage and boiled rip soup.
ref: 2022, Ling Ma, “Peking Duck”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:
glosses: A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Fujian, China.
Fuzhou
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfuˈt͡ʃoʊ/
ipa: /fuːˈt͡ʃəʊ/
note: General American, hyperforeign
ipa: /ˈfuˈd͡ʒoʊ/
note: General American, hyperforeign
ipa: /ˈfuˈʒoʊ/
note: Received Pronunciation, hyperforeign
ipa: /fuːˈd͡ʒəʊ/
note: Received Pronunciation, hyperforeign
ipa: /fuːˈʒəʊ/
note: hyperforeign
enpr: fo͞oʹjōʹ
Forms: form: Fu-chou
form: Fuchou
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 撫州 /抚州 (Fǔzhōu).
Senses: examples: text: The blasts occurred in the city of Fuzhou in Jiangxi Province between 9 and 9:45 a.m., according to the government posting, which appeared on the province’s propaganda bureau Web site. The first one was at the Fuzhou Procurator’s Office, the second at the Linzhuan District government building and the third in a car park at the Linzhuan Food and Drug Administration office.
ref: 2011 May 26, Edward Wong, “Series of Blasts Leaves at Least 2 Dead in Southern Chinese City”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 May 2011, Asia Pacific:
text: Our family was originally from Nancheng county, Fuzhou district, Jiangxi province. Nancheng dates back to ancient times, to the days when Liu Bang ruled as the first Han dynasty emperor, and Nancheng belonged to Yuzhang district.
ref: 2018 [2013], Rao Pingru, translated by Nicky Harman, Our Story: A Memoir of Love and Life in China, Square Peg, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 26:
glosses: A prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangxi, China.
assault and battery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: law
glosses: The combination of two violent crimes: assault (the threat of violence) and battery (physical violence). This legal distinction exists only in jurisdictions that distinguish assault as threatened violence rather than actual violence.
Guiyang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: gwāʹyängʹ
Forms: form: Kuei-yang
form: Kweiyang
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 貴陽 /贵阳 (Guìyáng).
Senses: examples: text: In 1965 the NCNA reported the setting up of three ‘institutions of higher learning’ in Guiyang, Guizhou (Kweichow) Province.
ref: 1970, R. F. Price, “Part-time schools and classes”, in Brian Holmes, editor, Education in Communist China (World education series), New York; Washington: Praeger Publishers, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 218:
text: By early afternoon, I was in Kueiyang. Since this was the provincial capital of Kueichou, I decided to splurge and checked into the Plaza Hotel.
ref: [2015, Bill Porter, “The Miao [苗族]”, in South of the Clouds: Travels in Southwest China, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 72:
english: 苗族
translation: 苗族
text: A court in the city of Guiyang ruled that Mr. C's employment rights were indeed violated. "The defendant terminated the contract with the plaintiff without a legitimate reason" and "infringed on the plaintiff’s equal employment rights," the ruling said.[…]
Mr. C, a transgender Chinese man who says he was fired for wearing men's clothes, stands outside a court in Guiyang, China, July 27, 2017, holding the court’s ruling that his dismissal violated his employment rights.
ref: 2017 July 27, Emily Rauhala, “Transgender Chinese man wins first-of-its-kind labor discrimination case”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 11 Nov 2017, WorldViews:
glosses: A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Guizhou, in southwestern China.
Guiyang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: gwāʹyängʹ
Forms: form: Kuei-yang
form: Kweiyang
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 桂陽 /桂阳 (Guìyáng).
Senses: glosses: A former commandery of late imperial China.
Auch
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: note: of German origin
ipa: /ˈaʊk/
rhymes: -aʊk
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
Auch
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: note: of German origin
ipa: /ˈaʊk/
rhymes: -aʊk
note: in France
ipa: /ˈoʊʃ/
rhymes: -əʊʃ
note: of German origin
ipa: /ˈaʊk/
rhymes: -aʊk
Senses: glosses: A cathedral town, the capital of Gers department, Occitania, France.
glosses: A surname from French, habitational for the town.
Auld Enemy
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Auld Enemy
Senses: examples: text: Two years ago Scotland started against England here, following a rousing rendition of Flower of Scotland, like a deflated set of bagpipes. This time they matched their crowd and were at full bellow as they played with a sustained, controlled fury to record their first victory over the Auld Enemy for 10 years and throw open the championship.
ref: 2018 February 24, Paul Rees, “Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 22 Apr 2018:
glosses: England, or the English people.
Lanzhou
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Lanchow
form: Lan-chou
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu).
Senses: examples: text: Construction of this expressway, linking Lanzhou with Wulumuchi, has continued further west as part of the central government’s attempt to equalize the balance of economic development between the prosperous east and the less developed western interior.
ref: 2008, William Lindesay, The Great Wall Revisited: From the Jade Gate to Old Dragon's Head, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 112:
text: In northwestern Gansu province, where nine local confirmed cases have been reported in the past week, primary and high schools in the provincial capital of Lanzhou, as well as in one county in Jiuquan city, have suspended offline classes.
ref: 2021 October 21, Ryan Woo, Roxanne Liu, Liangping Gao, “Parts of northern China brace for more COVID-19 lockdowns and curbs”, in Christian Schmollinger, Gerry Doyle, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 21 Oct 2021, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals:
glosses: A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Gansu, in northwestern China.
wikipedia: Cambridge University Press
azygos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄζυγος (ázugos, “unwedded, unpaired”).
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: In anatomy, a structure that is unpaired. This is relatively unusual, as most elements of anatomy reflect bilateral symmetry.
Synonyms: impar
Derived terms: azygos vein
Maoming
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Mao-ming
Etymology: From Mandarin 茂名 (Màomíng), named after Pan Maoming during the Sui dynasty.
Senses: examples: text: On the Glorious Fourth Fr. Gauthier said good-bye to Tungchan and the two of us set off to visit the part of the mission that is in Maoming. The first village, lying up in the mountains about twenty miles from Tungchan, was Naamshaantung, where there are about thirty baptized Christians.
ref: 1919 November [1919 July 5], “Tungchan Chronicle”, in The Field Afar, Catholic Foreign Mission Bureau of Boston, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 239, column 2:
text: With the arrival of Maryknoll's second group, Bishop de Guebriant enlarged their territory. He gave them the prefecture of Maoming, a large slice of country to the west of Kwangtung, including the important city of Kochow, which had no resident priest.
ref: 1962, Raymond Kerrison, Bishop Walsh of Maryknoll, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 107:
text: Under Maoming’s expansion proposals, the plant, in Maoming city in western Guangdong, also plans to add a 48,000-bpd hydrocracker, a 36,000-bpd hydrotreating unit and a 400,000 tonne-per-year aromatics facility, the refinery said.
ref: 2008 July 23, Chen Aizhu, “Sinopec Maoming's expansion likely after 2010”, in Jonathan Hopfner, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 10 May 2022, Oil Report:
glosses: A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.
Synonyms: sense: from Cantonese
word: Mauming
literal rule
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: law
glosses: The method of strictly interpreting a statute according to the meaning, established by convention, of the words used therein.
Nanchang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: nänʹchängʹ
Etymology: From the Mandarin 南漳 (Nánzhāng).
Senses: examples: text: Another representative, from Nanchang county, said: "Our worker brothers work harder than we do, and are genuinely meritorious. We must learn from them."
ref: 1965 April 8 [1965 March 29], “HUPEH PEASANTS' MEETING”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, number 67, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Wuhan Domestic, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, Communist China: Regional Affairs, page DDD 8:
text: Leading members of Nanchang County CCP Committee have seriously studied the Marxist theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat in connection with the actual situation in the current class and line struggles.
ref: 1975, Study of Proletarian Dictatorship in a Hupeh County (Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East), volume 3, British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service, →ISSN, →OCLC:
text: Nanchang County Chemical Fertilizer Plant produced 1,547 tons of nitrogenous fertilizer in July, a record month.
ref: 1978 November 15 [1978 October 10], “Industrial Production in Hupeh”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 467, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Wuhan Hupeh Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, Economic, page 57:
glosses: Alternative form of Nanzhang.
Zhengzhou
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒʌŋˈdʒəʊ/
ipa: /ˈdʒœŋˈdʒoʊ/
ipa: /d͡ʒʌŋˈd͡ʒoʊ/
enpr: ˈjəŋ-ˈjō
enpr: jǔngʹjōʹ
rhymes: -əʊ
Forms: form: Cheng-chou
form: Chêng-chou
form: Chengchow
Etymology: Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鄭州 /郑州 (Zhèngzhōu).
Senses: examples: text: Now outside in Zhengzhou, the city worst hit at the moment, which has had record rains hitting the highest level of rainfall since records were kept six decades ago, the streets have turned into brown rivers which have swallowed up traffic, and in an even more alarming development the military is saying that at a nearby city a major dam could actually burst and that soldiers have been mobilized there to blast around the dam in an attempt to divert flood waters, take the pressure off the dam, in the hope that, what they're talking about is already is a sort of twenty meter fissure in the dam, it can avoid having that dam being burst, which would obviously also be a really terrible development.
ref: July 21, 2021, Steven McDonald, 3:13 from the start, in Twelve die as rain floods train tunnel in China, BBC News, archived from the original on 24 Jul 2021:
text: The testing will begin in Henan's provincial capital of Zhengzhou before the end of May, authorities said, according to the report, to help with "identifying potential risks" quickly.
ref: 2022 May 23, “Chinese province of nearly 100 million to Covid test every two days”, in France 24, archived from the original on 23 May 2022:
glosses: A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Henan, in central China.
wikipedia: Cambridge University Press
purposive approach
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: law
synonyms: purposivism
glosses: doctrine of interpreting an enactment according to the spirit of the law and in the context of its drafting
Related terms: mischief rule
balteus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: baltei
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin balteus (“belt, girdle”).
Senses: topics: biblical
lifestyle
religion
glosses: The girdle of a biblical Jewish priest.
glosses: A swordbelt worn by Roman legionaries.
topics: architecture
glosses: An Ionic ornamental band encircling the pulvinus, or bolster of the capital.
topics: Catholicism
Christianity
Roman-Catholicism
glosses: The subcinctorium, a papal garment.
Goori
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Gooris
Etymology: From Awabakal gurri as spoken in far northern New South Wales and south east Queensland, originally distinguished from Koori to the south. (See quotations for more information.)
Senses: examples: 1991, Joshua Aaron Fishman Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages, Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 279,
The availability and spread of an indigenous aggregative term for all Aborigines (Gooris/Kooris) is suggestive of a growing intergroup identity among them, over and above former and current ethnolinguistic demarcations. The term Goori/Kuri itself stems from the Southeastern coastal area, some 300 miles north of Sydney. Wurm and Hattori list ‘7?’ speakers for Kuri and ‘9??’ for the Yuin-Kuric grouping (10 dialects, all but three of which are extinct).
1996, Julie Janson, Gunjies, Act 2, Scene 3, in Black Mary and Gunjies: two plays, Aboriginal Studies Press, →ISBN, page 131,
JUNE: […] It’s born in you, your identity, I never lost mine. Goori spirituality, it’s always there. I was born with somethin’ […]
2002, John Henderson and David Nash, Language in Native Title, Aboriginal Studies Press, →ISBN, page 49,
While I do not have a lot of faith in the native title legislation's ability to deliver the goods for dispossessed and dislocated Goori communities like ours on the eastern seaboard, I am interested in how the process regards our languages in relation to claim hearings and judgements.
2006, Joshua Aaron Fishman, Nancy H. Hornberger, and Martin Pütz, Language Loyalty, Language Planning and Language Revitalization: Recent Writings and Reflections from Joshua A. Fishman, Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 144,
Thus, a brochure inviting Gooris (more usually ‘Kooris’, an increasingly popular indigenous self-designation applying to and uniting all Aborigines and favored by some as a collective term to replace Aborigine/Aboriginal) to participate in a series of six weekly seminars about Bundjalung, a language of Southeast Australia that is now down to its last few speakers, […]
glosses: Alternative form of Koori.
bankers' hours
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: banker's hours
Etymology: From the traditional opening hours of banks in the 1800s, and in some parts of the United States, maintained until the 1960s.
Senses: examples: text: I don't see how anyone with a day job is supposed to deal with them when they keep only bankers' hours.
hypernyms: working hours
glosses: The time period between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. of a weekday (corresponding to a late start, an early quit, and no weekend work).
examples: text: Q: How's she like her new job?
 A: She's careful not to admit it, but it's bankers' hours and she knows it.
synonyms: sinecure
glosses: Any easy job, especially one with a short working day.
banyan day
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: banyan days
form: Banian day
form: banian day
Etymology: According to the OED, the term is borrowed from the Banyans in the East Indies, a caste that ate nothing that had life.
Senses: examples: text: This was a favourable circumstance in one respect to myself and the ship's company, for as Tuesday is a sumptuous day in point of allowance in the navy, beef and pudding being the prescribed fare for dinner, we by this accident feasted two days together; whereas had it occurred on a Monday, Wednesday, or Friday, two successive banyan (or starvation) days would have been our dismal portion.
ref: 1819, James Hardy Vaux, Memoirs of James Hardy Vaux, Chapter XVIII, p. 204-205:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: In British naval tradition, a day of the week when galley kitchens served no meat on board ship.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A picnic or cookout for the ship's crew.
Related terms: urls: https://web.archive.org/web/20061103224213/http://www.hms-victory.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=40
word: Daily routine on HMS Victory
barn find
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: barn finds
Senses: synonyms: shed find
glosses: A valuable item recovered from poor storage, such as a suburban garage, farm shed, etc., where it had been more or less forgotten; especially a vintage automobile.
symmetric polynomial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: symmetric polynomials
Senses: examples: x+y+z
xyz
2x²+2y²+2z², etc.
An example of a non-symmetric polynomial is x+2y: if we interchange x and y, this polynomial changes to 2x+y.
topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A polynomial which remains unchanged if its variables are permuted
Hyponyms: elementary symmetric polynomial
elementary symmetric polynomial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: elementary symmetric polynomials
Senses: topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
glosses: a coefficient of some power of t in (t+x_1)(t+x_2)⋯(t+x_n), for some n∈ N
Hypernyms: symmetric polynomial
bawn
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɔːn/
rhymes: -ɔːn
Forms: form: bawns
Etymology: From Irish bán, alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure”).
Senses: examples: text: But these round hills and square bawnes, which you see so strongly trenched and throwne up
ref: 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:
text: The Grand Question Debated
Whether Hamilton's Bawn Should be Turned into a Barrack or a Malt-house − 1729
This Hamilton's bawn, while it sticks in my hand, / I lose by the house what I get by the land; / But how to dispose of it to the best bidder, / For a barrack or malthouse, we now must consider.
ref: 1729, Jonathan Swift, The Grand Question Debated, Thomas Sheridan (editor), John Nichols (editor, revised edition), 1812, The British Classics, Volume 45: The works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, D.D.: Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, Volume XI, page 163
text: When he was coming into the bawn at dinner-time, what work did he find Jack at but pulling armfuls of the thatch off the roof, and peeping into the holes he was making?
ref: 1892, Joseph Jacobs (editor), Jack and His Master, Celtic Fairy Tales
glosses: A cattle-fort; a building used to shelter cattle.
examples: text: He [...] then made his way
to where he belonged in Bronding country,
home again, sure of his ground
in strongroom and bawn.
ref: 1999, Seamus Heaney, Beowulf, London: Faber and Faber, page 18:
text: The cattle, therefore, would be brought into the bawn at night, as is stated by the early 17th-century writer Fynes Moryson who wrote that the Irish cattle “eat only by day, and then are brought at evening within the bawns of castles, where they stand or lie all night in a dirty yard without so much as a lock of hay.”
ref: 2004, Colm J. Donnelly, “Passage or Barrier? Communication between Bawn and Tower House in Late Medieval Ireland – the Evidence from County Limerick”, in Château Gaillard 21: Études de castellologie médiévale: La Basse-cour: Actes du colloque international de Maynooth (Irlande), 23-30 août 2002, page 57:
glosses: A defensive wall built around a tower house. It was once used to protect livestock during an attack.
Derived terms: Hamiltonsbawn
bawn
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɔːn/
rhymes: -ɔːn
Senses: examples: text: Bofe de same age, sir—five months. Bawn de fust o' Feb'uary.
ref: 1897, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “[Pudd’nhead Wilson] Chapter II”, in The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson: And the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 34:
text: But ef it has ter be prove' ter folks w'at wa'n't bawn en raise' in dis naberhood, dey is a' easy way ter prove it.
ref: 1899, Charles W. Chesnutt, Sis’ Becky’s Pickaninny:
text: Yah! You oughter bin bawn a Christian, you ought. You knaow too mach.
ref: 1900, [George] Bernard Shaw, “Captain Brassbound’s Conversion”, in Three Plays for Puritans: The Devil’s Disciple, Cæsar and Cleopatra, & Captain Brassbound’s Conversion, London: Grant Richards, […], published 1901, →OCLC, Act I, page 223:
glosses: Pronunciation spelling of born.
bean queen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bean queens
Etymology: Compare rice queen.
Senses: topics: LGBT
glosses: A (usually white) man who is primarily attracted to Hispanic and Latino men.
bench jockey
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bench jockeys
Etymology: As verbal jousting is frequently called "riding", the "rider" sitting on a bench came to be known as the "bench jockey".
Senses: topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A player, coach or manager who verbally annoys and distracts opposition players and umpires from his team's dugout bench.
Kuiper
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkaɪpɚ/
ipa: /ˈkaɪpə/
rhymes: -aɪpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: Kuipers
form: Kuipers
form: Kuijpers
form: Kuypers
Etymology: From Dutch Kuiper. Doublet of Cooper.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Dutch, Dutch surname equivalent to the English surname Cooper, from the profession cooper (“kuiper”)
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: Gerard Kuiper (U.S. planetary astronomer)
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: An asteroid in Solar System, the 1776th asteroid registered
Synonyms: sense: asteroid
word: Asteroid Kuiper
sense: asteroid
word: 1776 Kuiper
sense: asteroid
word: Asteroid 1776
Derived terms: Edgeworth-Kuiper
Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt
Edgeworth-Kuiper belt
Edgeworth-Kuiper belt object
Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt object
Edgeworth-Kuiper object
EKO
KBO
Kuiper Belt
Kuiper belt
Kuiper belt object
Kuiper Belt object
Kuiper object
berk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɝk/
ipa: /bɜː(ɹ)k/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)k
homophone: birk
homophone: Bourke
homophone: burk
homophone: Burke
homophone: burke
Forms: form: berks
Etymology: Cockney rhyming slang, an ellipsis and clipping of Berkeley Hunt, a prominent hunt at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, to mean cunt.
Senses: examples: text: His chat-up techniques have to be read to be imagined—they make the crudest of Loaded-style berks seem classy—and he earns far, far too much money.
ref: 2003 July 12, Nicholas Lezard, “Ad execs quoting Gramsci? Only in France”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: I don't know why they couldn't just keep it as it was! How hard is it to remember 911?
You mean 999...
I mean 999!
That's the American one!
Yeah!
You berk.
ref: 2006 February 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, season 1, episode 2:
glosses: a fool, a prat, a twit, etc.
wikipedia: Berkeley Castle
Berkeley Hunt
Synonyms: fool and idiot
Related terms: english: pronounced Beaver
translation: pronounced Beaver
word: Belvoir