cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
FDR
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: F.D.R.
form: F. D. R.
Senses: examples: text: Though FDR had a different message in mind, he unknowingly hit on something else: Phobias run the gamut of life and include everything from spiders to outer space.
ref: 2004 July 26, Heather Hatfield, “The Fear Factor: Phobias”, in WebMD:
text: Over the course of his [Eisenhower's] two terms in office, his administration's expenditures on public works actually exceeded those of FDR and Truman.
ref: 2022, Gary Gerstle, chapter 1, in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order […] , New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, Part I. The New Deal Order, 1930–1980:
topics: government
politics
glosses: Initialism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32ⁿᵈ US president.
examples: text: He mounted its stairs and crossed the FDR to find the park transformed since he'd last seen it: There were sculpted bushes and a picturesque little bridge and joggers still out, even at this hour.
ref: 2022, Jennifer Egan, The Candy House:
glosses: Ellipsis of FDR Drive.
glosses: Initialism of Federal Democratic Republic.
Abbreviation of Congo (Federal Democratic Republic of the Congo)
glosses: Initialism of Federal Democratic Republic.
Abbreviation of Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)
synonyms: FDRE
glosses: Initialism of Federal Democratic Republic.
Abbreviation of Nepal (Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal)
FDR
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: FDRs
form: F.D.R.
form: F. D. R.
Senses: topics: business
communication
communications
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Initialism of false transmit format detection ratio (in UMTS).
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
hypernyms: black box
coordinate_terms: CVR
QAR
glosses: Initialism of flight data recorder.
topics: government
politics
hypernyms: DR
FR
R
R.
Rep.
glosses: Initialism of federal democratic republic.
topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
glosses: Initialism of false discovery rate.
glosses: Initialism of first-degree relative.
HSUPA
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: business
communication
communications
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Initialism of High Speed Uplink Packet Access (in UMTS).
Related terms: word: UMTS
urls: http://www.3gpp.org
word: http:
urls: http://www.3gpp.org
urls: http://www.3gpp.org
word: www.3gpp.org
HSCSD
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: business
communication
communications
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Initialism of Highspeed Circuit Switched Data (2.5G).
Related terms: word: UMTS
urls: http://www.3gpp.org
word: http:
urls: http://www.3gpp.org
urls: http://www.3gpp.org
word: www.3gpp.org
asymptotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæsɪm(p)ˈtɒtɪk/
ipa: /ˌæsəm(p)ˈtɑtɪk/
ipa: /ˌæsəm(p)ˈtɔtɪk/
rhymes: -ɒtɪk
Etymology: From asymptote + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: F. Skof investigated an interesting asymptotic property of the additive functions (see Theorem 2.34). In fact, she proved that a function f : E₁ → E₂ is additive if and only if ‖f(x + y) − f(x) − f(y)‖ → 0 as ‖x‖ + ‖y‖ → ∞, where E₁ is a normed space and E₂ is a Banach space.
ref: 2011, Soon-Mo Jung, Hyers–Ulam–Rassias Stability of Functional Equations in Nonlinear Analysis, Springer, →ISBN, page 130:
text: More recently, a direction of research initiated by Macpherson and Steinhorn [28] and continued by Elwes [13, 14] and Ryten studies classes of finite structures in which definable sets have a uniform asymptotic behaviour, as the cardinalities of the universes increase.
ref: 2011, Vera Koponen, "Some connections between finite; infinite model theory", Finite and Algorithmic Model Theory, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 110:
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Pertaining to values or properties approached at infinity.
examples: text: Because for some transwomen, femininity can feel asymptotic — the closer you get, the more you feel you can never make it.
ref: 2016 March 11, Jennifer Coates, “I Am A Transwoman. I Am In The Closet. I Am Not Coming Out.”, in Medium:
text: The asymptotic behavior of a function
topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Coming into consideration as a variable tends to a limit, usually infinity.
Synonyms: asymptotical
Derived terms: asymptotically
asymptotic analysis
asymptotic curve
asymptotic freedom
asymptotic giant branch
asymptotic stability
nonasymptotic
preasymptotic
hindrance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɪndɹəns/
Forms: form: hindrances
form: hinderance
form: hindraunce
Etymology: From Middle English hinderance, hinderaunce, hindraunce, hynderaunce, hynderawnce, hynderawns, hyndrance; equivalent to hinder + -ance.
Senses: examples: text: High-heeled shoes may be fashionable, but they can also be a hindrance to walking.
text: The L.C.C. [London County Council] considers viaducts in London objectionable and a hindrance to town planning and would like to abolish all the Southern Railway lines on viaducts in South London. [Nothing much happened, they still exist.]
ref: 1944 January and February, C. F. Cobon, “The County of London Plan”, in Railway Magazine, page 24:
glosses: Something which hinders: something that holds back or causes problems with something else.
examples: text: Your hindrance of this process will not be tolerated.
glosses: The state or act of hindering something.
Synonyms: word: bar
word: drag
word: barrier
word: bone in the throat
word: bump in the road
word: hindrance
word: impediment
word: obstruction
word: obstacle
word: encumbrance
word: hurdle
word: roadblock
word: stumbling block
word: hitch
Derived terms: steric hindrance
Related terms: word: hinder
whitebeam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwaɪtˌbiːm/
ipa: /ˈwaɪtˌbim/
Forms: form: whitebeams
Etymology: From Middle English witbeam, equivalent to white + beam (“tree”) – see Old English bēam (“tree”). In the name, white refers to the color of the leaves, when emergent and later the undersides.
Senses: glosses: Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Sorbus subg. Aria (now Aria edulis), native to Eurasia, especially common whitebeam.
Derived terms: Bristol whitebeam
no parking whitebeam
Christmas present
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɪsməs ˌpɹɛzənt/
Forms: form: Christmas presents
Etymology: From Christmas + present (“gift”).
Senses: examples: text: Children believe that Santa Claus comes down the chimney to bring them Christmas presents.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Christmas, present.
Christmas present
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɪsməs ˌpɹɛzənt/
ipa: /ˌkɹɪsməs ˈpɹɛzənt/
ipa: /ˈkɹɪsməs ˌpɹɛzənt/
Forms: form: Christmases present
Etymology: Christmas + present (“relating to now, current”). Present is used as a postpositioned adjective. First popularized in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
Senses: examples: text: Christmas past becomes Christmas present.
ref: 1998 May 15, Janet Colsher Teitsort, Long-Distance Grandma: How to Stay Connected with Grandkids Far Away, Baker, →ISBN, page 145:
text: Anita had been relieved to unload the burden of her Christmases Past following her Process but she certainly hasn't told Max any of the details of the Christmases present she'd be spending with John.
ref: 2012 May 3, Stella Duffy, chapter 13, in Wavewalker, Profile Books, →ISBN, section 5:
glosses: A contemporary Christmas.
Derived terms: Ghost of Christmas Present
Related terms: Christmas past
Christmas future
splinter party
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: splinter parties
Senses: glosses: A political party formed by members of an existing one whose views or policies differ from those of the majority.
Christmas carol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Christmas carols
Senses: examples: text: So also when he was born into the World, the holy Angels came down to sing his Christmas Carol, and at once to proclaim and celebrate his Nativity.
ref: 1729, John Scott, The Christian life:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
synonyms: noel
glosses: A carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas.
Christmas card
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Christmas cards
Senses: examples: text: “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
 Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
glosses: A greeting card that is decorated in a manner that celebrates Christmas.
Related terms: Christmas list
Christmas season
cheddar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛdə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɛdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: cheddars
Etymology: From Cheddar cheese. The slang use meaning "money, currency" may be derived from association with cheese (“wealth”), probably from Persian چیز (čiz, “thing”).
Senses: glosses: A cheese styled after the Cheddar cheese made in Cheddar.
examples: text: Touch my cheddar, feel my Beretta.
ref: 1996, Junior M.A.F.I.A., Get Money:
glosses: Money, cash, currency.
Derived terms: cheddarella
cheddaring
cheddarlike
cheddary
stiff cheddar
cheddar
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛdə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɛdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: cheddars
form: cheddaring
form: cheddared
form: cheddared
Etymology: From Cheddar cheese. The slang use meaning "money, currency" may be derived from association with cheese (“wealth”), probably from Persian چیز (čiz, “thing”).
Senses: glosses: To cut and press cheese so as to remove the whey and leave drier curds.
glogg
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡlɒɡ/
ipa: /ɡlɜːɡ/
ipa: /ɡlʌɡ/
ipa: /ɡlʊɡ/
rhymes: -ɒɡ
rhymes: -ɜːɡ
rhymes: -ʌɡ
rhymes: -ʊɡ
Forms: form: glögg
Etymology: From Swedish glögg.
Senses: examples: text: The first celebration takes place on the first Sunday in Advent, when friends and family gather to drink warm glogg - a kind of mulled wine […]
ref: 1999, Stella Ross Collins, Christmas!: Traditions, Celebrations and Food Across Europe, Kyle Cathie, →ISBN, page 12:
text: Adult Swedes also enjoy their favourite Christmas drink, glogg, which is a spicy mulled wine.
ref: 2004, Becky Ohlsen, Jonathan Smith, Stockholm, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, page 11:
text: He led her into a pack of people drinking glogg, steam rising from the glass mugs.
ref: 2010, Katherine Shonk, Happy Now?, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, page 178:
text: Afterwards we went over to talk to her friend Edith Conover about getting a bottle of glogg for Christmas dinner.
ref: 2011, Steve Zingerman, The Beautiful Mistake, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 52:
glosses: A Scandinavian version of vin chaud or mulled wine; a hot punch made of red wine, brandy and sherry flavoured with almonds, raisins and orange peel.
Christmas ham
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Christmas hams
Senses: glosses: A ham, boiled and then baked in the oven with mustard, served sliced at Christmas as one of the traditionally most important parts of the Scandinavian julbord (special Christmas-time smörgåsbord).
glosses: Ham prepared in various other ways in various regions at Christmas, such as stuffed ham in parts of the United States, or ham soaked in fruit juices in the Philippines.
trump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹʌmp/
note: some speakers
ipa: [t͡ʃɹʌmp]
rhymes: -ʌmp
homophone: Trump
Forms: form: trumps
Etymology: Possibly from French triomphe (“triumph”) or Old French triumphe. If so, it is a doublet of triumph and thriambus. Compare German Trumpf.
Senses: examples: text: Diamonds were declared trump(s).
text: And now her Heart with Pleasure jumps,
She scarce remembers what is Trumps.
ref: 1730, Jonathan Swift, “Death And Daphne,”, in Some Verse Pieces:
topics: card-games
games
glosses: The suit, in a game of cards, that outranks all others.
examples: text: He played an even higher trump.
topics: card-games
games
glosses: A playing card of that suit.
examples: text: VVere Iacke Strawe a liue againe,
And I in as good poſſibility as euer I was,
I would lay a ſurer trumpe,
Ere I would loſe ſo faire a tricke.
ref: 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act IV:
glosses: Something that gives one an advantage, especially one held in reserve.
examples: text: [W]e permitted no hostile foot to pass over or desecrate his resting place; shall be that which to learn the last trump shall awaken our WASHINGTON.
ref: 1838, Abraham Lincoln, “Address Before the Young Men's Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois”, in The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions, archived from the original on 05 Feb 2013:
text: All hands voted Queequeg a noble trump; the captain begged his pardon.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 13”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: Brooke was a trump to telegraph right off.
ref: 1868–1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, Little Women: […], (please specify |part=1 or 2), Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC, pages 19 and 163:
text: Alfred is a trump, I think you say.
ref: 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], →OCLC:
glosses: An excellent person; a fine fellow, a good egg.
examples: text: There be many one that breaketh this carde,[…]and playeth there with oftentimes at the blinde trompe, wherby they be no winners but great losers
ref: c. 1529, Hugh Latimer, Sermons on the Card:
text: Trionfo,[…]also a trump at cards, or the play called trump or ruff.
ref: 1598, John Florio, “Trump”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, →OCLC:
glosses: An old card game, almost identical to whist; the game of ruff.
glosses: A card of the major arcana of the tarot.
Derived terms: come up trumps
last trump
no-trump
put someone to their trumps
trump of doom
trump
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹʌmp/
note: some speakers
ipa: [t͡ʃɹʌmp]
rhymes: -ʌmp
homophone: Trump
Forms: form: trumps
form: trumping
form: trumped
form: trumped
Etymology: Possibly from French triomphe (“triumph”) or Old French triumphe. If so, it is a doublet of triumph and thriambus. Compare German Trumpf.
Senses: examples: text: He knew the hand was lost when his ace was trumped.
text: He lost his money at whist after dinner, and actually trumped his partner’s highest spade.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 52, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
topics: card-games
games
glosses: To play on (a card of another suit) with a trump.
topics: card-games
games
glosses: To play a trump, or to take a trick with a trump.
examples: text: to trick or trump mankind
ref: , Act 1, Scene 3
text: Wren, who had hoped to make his name with his discovery, immediately put De Corpore aside, hoping that in silence his failure would disappear. He was forced to think again about his future and resolved to seek new territory within the New Philosophy which he could call his own, rather than face the embarrassment of being trumped for a second time.
ref: 2011, Leo Hollis, The Phoenix:
glosses: To get the better of, or finesse, a competitor.
examples: text: Authors have been trumped upon us.
ref: 1699, Charles Leslie, A Short and Easy Method with the Deists:
glosses: To impose unfairly; to palm off.
examples: text: In this election, it would seem issues of national security trumped economic issues.
glosses: To supersede.
glosses: To outweigh; be stronger, greater, bigger than or in other way superior to.
Synonyms: sense: to play a trump card on another suit
word: ruff
sense: to get the better of a competitor
word: outsmart
sense: to act like a fool
word: clown
sense: to lie, deceive
word: cheat
Coordinate terms: sense: to play a trump card on another suit
word: underruff
sense: to play a trump card on another suit
word: overruff
Derived terms: no trump
overtrump
trump card
trump out
trump up
undertrump
trump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹʌmp/
note: some speakers
ipa: [t͡ʃɹʌmp]
rhymes: -ʌmp
homophone: Trump
Forms: form: trumps
Etymology: From Middle English trumpe, trompe (“trumpet”), from Old French trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”), from a common Germanic word of imitative origin. Doublet of tulumba and tromp.
Akin to Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”). More at trumpet, drum.
Senses: examples: text: In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 15:52:
text: Sound, sound the trump of fame,
ref: 1798, Joseph Hopkinson, Hail, Columbia:
glosses: A trumpet.
glosses: A fart.
glosses: The noise made by an elephant through its trunk.
Derived terms: the last trump
trump
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹʌmp/
note: some speakers
ipa: [t͡ʃɹʌmp]
rhymes: -ʌmp
homophone: Trump
Forms: form: trumps
form: trumping
form: trumped
form: trumped
Etymology: From Middle English trumpe, trompe (“trumpet”), from Old French trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”), from a common Germanic word of imitative origin. Doublet of tulumba and tromp.
Akin to Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”). More at trumpet, drum.
Senses: glosses: To blow a trumpet.
examples: text: And without warning me, as he lay there, he suddenly trumped next to me in bed.
text: Who trumped?
glosses: To fart.
trump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹʌmp/
note: some speakers
ipa: [t͡ʃɹʌmp]
rhymes: -ʌmp
homophone: Trump
Forms: form: trumps
Etymology: Shortening of Jew's-trump, which may be from French jeu-trump, jeu tromp, jeu trompe (a trump, or toy, to play with).
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Synonym of Jew's harp.
synonyms: word: Jew's harp
philogynist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: philogynists
Etymology: From philogyny + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: And how about a philogynist (fi-LAHJ-i-nist), a lover of women, or a philandrist (fi-LAN-drist), a lover of men?
ref: 2005, Charles Harrington Elster, There's a Word for It (Revised Edition): A Grandiloquent Guide to Life, page 114:
glosses: someone who is fond of women collectively.
Derived terms: philogynistic
Related terms: philogyny
peristyle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛɹɪstaɪl/
ipa: /ˈpɛɹəstaɪl/
Forms: form: peristyles
Etymology: From French péristyle, from Classical Latin peristȳlum, from περίστυλον (perístulon), from περι- (peri-, “around”) + στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”).
Senses: examples: text: One cannot, for example, see the Temple of Æsculapius as one stands in the fine open courtyard as it was intended one should do; the interstices on that side of the peristyle have been blocked by Venetian Gothic buildings.
ref: 1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 143:
glosses: A colonnade surrounding a courtyard, temple, etc., or the yard enclosed by such columns.
glosses: A porch surrounded by columns.
examples: text: The peristyle is a roofed structure, open at the sides, in which most of the ceremonials and dances take place.
ref: 1953, Maya Deren, Divine Horsemen, McPherson & Company, published 2004, page 47:
text: Most peristyles in Haiti have hard-packed dirt floors that can soak up libations when they're poured on the ground in honor of the spirits.
ref: 2007, Kevin Filan, The Haitian Vodou Handbook, Destiny Books, page 35:
qualifier: voodoo
glosses: A sacred roofed courtyard with a central pillar (the potomitan), used as a space for voodoo ceremonies, either alone or as an adjunct to an enclosed temple or altar-room.
Derived terms: peristyled
precooked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ʊkt
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of precook
precooked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ʊkt
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of pre-cooked.
precook
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: precooks
form: precooking
form: precooked
form: precooked
Etymology: From pre- + cook.
Senses: glosses: to partially or completely cook in advance
Related terms: parcook
pre-cooked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pre- + cooked.
Senses: glosses: Partially or completely cooked in advance.
Related terms: precook
plectics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πλεκτός (plektós, “braided”) + -ics, but invented by Murray Gell-Mann.
Senses: glosses: the study of complexity and its underlying simplicity
bristling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈbɹɪsl̩ɪŋ/
Forms: form: more bristling
form: most bristling
Senses: glosses: Having bristles.
examples: text: Tottenham had hoped to make a statement of real intent against the title pace-setters and while manager Harry Redknapp did not secure the victory he craved, he at least saw his side match United every stride of the way in a game that fizzled out after a bristling start.
ref: 2011 January 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 0 - 0 Man Utd”, in BBC:
glosses: Reacting with anger or indignation.
Derived terms: bristlingly
bristling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˈbɹɪsl̩ɪŋ/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of bristle
bristling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbɹɪsl̩ɪŋ/
Forms: form: bristlings
Senses: examples: text: When dogs fight, there are usually preliminaries to the actual combat — snarlings and bristlings and stiff-legged struttings. But White Fang learned to omit these preliminaries.
ref: 1906 May–October, Jack London, White Fang, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published October 1906, →OCLC, part 3 (The Gods of the Wild), pages 144–145:
glosses: The act of one who bristles.
glosses: Alternative form of brisling.
poplar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɒp.lə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈpɑ.plɚ/
Forms: form: poplars
Etymology: From Middle English popler, from Anglo-Norman popler and Old French poplier (compare French peuplier), from Latin pōpulus, with a suffix later added.
Senses: examples: text: They are gathered under the low-hanging branches of a poplar, its gold and green leaves glittering on the breeze like tinsel.
ref: 2020, Paul Mendez, Rainbow Milk, Dialogue Books (2021), page 285:
glosses: Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Populus.
glosses: Wood from the poplar tree.
Derived terms: alt: Populus tremuloides; Liriodendron tulipifera
word: American poplar
taxonomic: Populus tremuloides
word: aspen poplar
alt: Populus balsamifera; Populus sect. Tacamahaca
word: balsam poplar
taxonomic: Nyssa aquatica
word: bay poplar
taxonomic: Populus serotina
word: black Italian poplar
taxonomic: Populus nigra
word: black poplar
taxonomic: Liriodendron tulipifera
word: blue poplar
taxonomic: Populus balsamifera
word: Carolina poplar
taxonomic: Populus heterophylla
word: downy poplar
taxonomic: Populus canadensis eugenei
word: Eugene poplar
taxonomic: Populus euphratica
word: Euphrates poplar
word: grey poplar
taxonomic: Populus canescens
word: grey poplar
taxonomic: Liriodendron tulipifera
word: hickory poplar
taxonomic: Populus nigra italica
word: Italian poplar
word: Japanese poplar
taxonomic: Populus suaveolens
word: Korean poplar
taxonomic: Populus nigra italica
word: Lombardy poplar
taxonomic: Populus suaveolens
word: Mongolian poplar
taxonomic: Populus deltoides
word: necklace poplar
taxonomic: Euroschinus falcatus
word: pink poplar
taxonomic: Populus sargentii
word: Plains poplar
word: Poplar Bluff
word: poplar borer
word: poplared
word: poplar hawkmoth
word: Poplarism
word: poplarlike
word: river poplar (Populus balsamifera
word: silver-leaved poplar
word: silver leaved poplar
taxonomic: Populus alba
word: silver poplar
taxonomic: Populus grandidentata
word: soft poplar
taxonomic: Populus heterophylla
word: swamp poplar
taxonomic: Populus tremuloides
word: trembling poplar
taxonomic: Liriodendron tulipifera
word: tulip poplar
taxonomic: Populus nigra
word: water poplar
taxonomic: Populus trichocarpa
word: western balsam poplar
taxonomic: Populus alba
word: white poplar
taxonomic: Populus nigra
word: willow poplar
taxonomic: Liriodendron tulipifera
word: yellow poplar
privet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɪv.ɪt/
rhymes: -ɪvɪt
Forms: form: privets
Etymology: Unknown origin, but possibly connected to prime.
Senses: examples: text: Slowly she turned round and faced towards a neat white bungalow, set some way back from the path behind a low hedge of golden privet. No light showed, but someone there was playing the piano. The strange elusiveness of the soft, insistent melody seemed to draw her forward.
ref: 1954, Alexander Alderson, chapter 1, in The Subtle Minotaur:
glosses: Any of various shrubs and small trees in the genus Ligustrum.
Derived terms: word: Amur privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum amurense
word: Amur River privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum ovalifolium
word: California privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum sinense
word: Chinese privet
word: common privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum vulgare
word: Cheyenne privet
taxonomic: Lawsonia inermis
word: Egyptian privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum vulgare
word: European privet
taxonomic: Rhamnus alaternus
word: evergreen privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum lucidum
word: glossy privet
word: ibolium privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum ibolium
word: ibota privet
alt: Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum japonicum
word: Japanese privet
taxonomic: Phillyrea spp.
word: mock privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum ovalifolium
word: oval-leaved privet
taxonomic: Philadelphus coronarius
word: pipe privet
word: privet hawk moth
word: swampprivet
taxonomic: Ligustrum japonicum
word: waxleaf privet
taxonomic: Ligustrum vulgare
word: wild privet
privet
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɪv.ɪt/
rhymes: -ɪvɪt
Etymology: From Russian приве́т (privét, “hello, hi”).
Senses: glosses: Hello, hi.
redwood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: redwoods
Etymology: From red + wood.
Senses: examples: text: a redwood grove
text: This redwood deck will last forever.
qualifier: USDA-preferred term
glosses: A tree of the species Sequoia sempervirens.
examples: text: I remember redwood trees,
bumper cars and wolverines,
 the ocean's Trident submarines,
lemons, limes and tangerines.
I remember this...
ref: 1988 November 8, R.E.M., “I Remember California”, in Green:
glosses: Any of the evergreen conifers belonging to the genus Sequoia in the wide sense.
examples: text: This planter is made of redwood.
glosses: Wood of the species Sequoia sempervirens.
glosses: Wood of the species Pinus sylvestris.
glosses: A tree of species Manilkara bidentata harvested for timber and latex.
examples: text: It was at Para also that we engaged Gomez and Manuel, two half-breeds from up the river, just come down with a cargo of redwood.
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
glosses: Timber from the Manilkara bidentata tree.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Sequoia sempervirens
word: California redwood
word: coast redwood
taxonomic: Sequoia sempervirens
word: coastal redwood
taxonomic: Metasequoia glyptostroboides
word: dawn redwood
taxonomic: Sequoiadendron giganteum
word: giant redwood
taxonomic: Cryptomeria japonica
word: Japanese redwood
word: Redwood City
word: Redwood County
word: Redwood Falls
taxonomic: Sequoiadendron giganteum
word: Sierra redwood
parquet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: pä'kā
ipa: /ˈpɑːkeɪ/
enpr: pärkā'
ipa: /pɑːɹˈkeɪ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)keɪ
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: parquets
Etymology: Borrowed from French parquet.
Senses: examples: text: That large room had always awed Ivor: even as a child he had never wanted to play in it, for all that it was so limitless, the parquet floor so vast and shiny and unencumbered, the windows so wide and light with the fairy expanse of Kensington Gardens.
ref: 1922, Michael Arlen, “1/1/3”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:
text: The huge square box, parquet-floored and high-ceilinged, had been arranged to display a suite of bedroom furniture designed and made in the halcyon days of the last quarter of the nineteenth century,[…].
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
glosses: A wooden floor made of wooden tiles or veneers arranged in a decorative geometrical pattern.
glosses: The part of a theatre between the orchestra and the parquet circle.
glosses: In some European countries, the branch of the administrative government that handles prosecutions; a procuratorate.
glosses: In some European bourses or stock exchanges, the railed-in space within which the agents de change, or privileged brokers, conduct business; also, the business conducted by them, distinguished from the coulisse, or outside market.
Derived terms: parquet circle
parquetry
parquet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: pä'kā
ipa: /ˈpɑːkeɪ/
enpr: pärkā'
ipa: /pɑːɹˈkeɪ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)keɪ
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: parquets
form: parqueting
form: parqueted
form: parqueted
form: parquette
Etymology: Borrowed from French parquet.
Senses: glosses: To lay or fit such a floor.
privatisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: privatisations
Etymology: From privatise + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Some people have argued that it is our membership of the European Union which helped create the messy privatisation and everything that ensued. However, this is not the case. As mentioned above, it was the Conservative government which devised the complex structure of privatisation that emphasised the separation far beyond what was needed to follow EU rules.
ref: 2019 October 23, Christian Wolmar, “It's not the EU's fault that privatisation has broken down”, in Rail, page 49:
glosses: Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of privatization.
privatization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɹaɪvɪtaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
ipa: /ˌpɹaɪvətaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: privatizations
form: privatisation
Etymology: Calque of German Privatisierung (with English -ation), derived from Latin prīvātus (“apart from the state; private”), with reference to post-First World War German economic principles. Popularized by Sidney Merlin in 1943, who was aware of the term reprivatization (used in similar contexts), already attested at the time.
Senses: examples: text: Coordinate term: denationalization
text: The party, moreover, facilitates the accumulation of private fortunes and industrial empires by its foremost members and collaborators through ‘privatization’ and other measures, thereby intensifying centralization of economic affairs and government in an increasingly narrow group that may for all practical purposes be termed the national socialist elite.
ref: 1943, Sidney Merlin, “Trends in German Economic Control Since 1933”, in Quarterly Journal of Economics, page 207:
glosses: The transfer of a company or organization from government to private ownership and control.
examples: text: Questioning the privilege of biology went hand in hand with a challenge to the privatization of the family and the notion that parents own children and may therefore treat them however they choose.
ref: 1988 February 14, Laurie Sherman, “All In A Day's Work”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 30, page 7:
glosses: The rendering of a thought or an idea, as private in scope.
Derived terms: self-privatization
Related terms: privatize
Apophis
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæpəfɪs/
ipa: /əˈpɒfɪs/
ipa: /ˈæpəfəs/
ipa: /əˈpɑfəs/
Forms: form: Apopis
Etymology: From Ancient Greek Ἄποφις (Ápophis), a borrowing from Egyptian ꜥꜣpp altered after ὄφις (óphis, “snake”).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
synonyms: Apep
glosses: An evil snake-god who tries to devour the sun every night.
examples: text: The spacecraft’s navigators have worked out a trajectory that would take it to the asteroid Apophis in April 2029, just after that object, a bit smaller than Bennu, zips within an uncomfortably close but still safe 20,000 miles from Earth.
ref: 2021 May 10, Kenneth Chang, “Bye-Bye, Bennu: NASA Heads Back to Earth With Asteroid Stash in Tow”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: An asteroid that formerly had a high risk of collision with Earth.
Derived terms: Apophian
Related terms: word: Aphophis
electrical discharge machining
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: as EDM
Senses: glosses: A non-traditional manufacturing process of using electricity discharged from an electrode to quickly erode the conductive material.
Sanjay
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Sanjays
Etymology: Borrowed from Sanskrit संजय (saṃjaya).
Senses: examples: text: “People don’t come to therapy until they’re having the equivalent of an emotional heart attack,” psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb told CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta on his podcast Chasing Life recently.
ref: 2024 June 9, Andrea Kane, “Therapy is more than lying on a couch and talking. Here are 5 ways it can boost happiness”, in CNN:
glosses: A male given name from Sanskrit used in India.
Related terms: Sanjaya
soi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: soi
form: sois
Etymology: From Thai ซอย (sɔɔi).
Senses: examples: text: When a motorbike sped too fast down their little side street, … Daeng and Nat would be revisiting many ranting conversations they'd had about motorbikes treating this tiny soi like it was the highway.
ref: 2019, The Mysterious Case of the Missing Tuk-Tuk, Zach J Brodsky, Brodsky Press, Chapter 2
glosses: In Thailand, a side-street branching off a major street; an alley or lane.
Related terms: khao soi
outrank
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊtˈɹæŋk/
rhymes: -æŋk
Forms: form: outranks
form: outranking
form: outranked
form: outranked
Etymology: From out- + rank.
Senses: glosses: To be of a higher rank than.
examples: text: More importantly, who could make a quick on-site risk assessment of regulations where the welfare of trapped passengers might out-rank the risk of, say, running a train through flood water over the rail head where it is obvious the track is still there?
ref: 2019 October, Ian Walmsley, “Cleaning up”, in Modern Railways, page 44:
glosses: To be more important than.
teratophilia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌtɛ.ɹə.təˈfɪ.li.ə/
rhymes: -ɪliə
Etymology: From terato- + -philia.
Senses: examples: text: The paraphilia, or abnormal sexual attraction, to people with disabilities or deformities, has been classified as teratophilia.
ref: 2017, Jessica L. Williams, Media, Performative Identity, and the New American Freak Show, page 120:
text: Chinese memes about Venom, combined with the silliness of Sony’s charm offensive and Venom’s depicted earnestness, seem to have generated huge interest in the movie from Chinese audiences. And before we throw stones at Chinese teratophilia, you have to remember that there are plenty of Americans who want to do bad things with the symbiote too.
ref: 2018 November 26, Alex Abad-Santos, “China has helped Venom become an $822 million box office success”, in Vox:
glosses: A paraphilia characterized by attraction to monsters.
Related terms: teratophile
teratophiliac
sanguinarian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsæŋ.ɡwɪˈnɛəɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˌsæŋ.ɡwɪˈnɛɹi.ən/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiən
Forms: form: sanguinarians
Etymology: From Latin sanguis (“blood”, stem sanguin-) + -arian.
Senses: examples: text: Some sanguinarians love specific blood types — instead of ‘What’s your star sign?’ they ask ‘What’s your blood type?’
ref: 2005, Arlene Russo, Vampire Nation, page 107:
text: “I've never met a sanguinarian who actually gets any form of sustenance off drinking blood,” he says.
ref: 2007, Paul Bibeau, Sundays with Vlad: From Pennsylvania to Transylvania, One Man's Quest to Live in the World of the Undead, page 193:
text: Sanguinarians have willing donors (known as black swans); they do not prowl around the streets looking to ambush someone like Anne Rice’s vampire Lestat.
ref: 2008, Rosemary Guiley, Vampires: Mysteries, Legends, And Unexplained Phenomena, page 105:
hypernyms: vampiroid
glosses: A person who consumes human blood as part of the vampiroid subculture.
sanguinarian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsæŋ.ɡwɪˈnɛəɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˌsæŋ.ɡwɪˈnɛɹi.ən/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiən
Forms: form: more sanguinarian
form: most sanguinarian
Etymology: From Latin sanguis (“blood”, stem sanguin-) + -arian.
Senses: examples: text: Most sanguinarian vampires complain of barely controllable cravings.
ref: 2005, Arlene Russo, quoting Katharina Katt, Vampire Nation, page 112:
text: At the same time, many sanguinarian vampyres satisfy their cravings by substituting physical blood with psychic/pranic energy.
ref: 2007, Raven Digitalis, Goth Craft: The Magickal Side of Dark Culture, page 262:
text: In addition to or in lieu of human donors, some sanguinarian vampires consume animal blood.
ref: 2009, Joseph Laycock, Vampires Today: The Truth About Modern Vampirism, page 9:
glosses: Of, related to, or belonging to the sanguinarian lifestyle.
paraphillia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of paraphilia.
including
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/
ipa: /ɪŋˈkluːdɪŋ/
Forms: form: incl.
Etymology: By surface analysis, include + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism.
ref: 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
text: All you have to do is to fill in the details, including your name and address and the amount you wish to give.
glosses: Such as, among which; introducing one or more parts of the group or topic just mentioned.
examples: text: I have always argued that it is one that deserves a thorough-going policy review, which might come to all sorts of conclusions, including it is doing what the Government of the day wants it to.
ref: 2006 March 27, John Whiting (of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLC), transcribed in The 2006 Budget: Fourth Report of [United Kingdom House of Commons Treasury Committee] Session 2005-06, Volume II, page 20
glosses: Introducing a finite clause.
Derived terms: everything including the kitchen sink
unincluding
including
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/
ipa: /ɪŋˈkluːdɪŋ/
Etymology: By surface analysis, include + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of include
leaving
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈliːvɪŋ/
Forms: form: leavyng
Senses: examples: text: From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.
ref: 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:
glosses: present participle and gerund of leave
passing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/
Etymology: From pass + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of pass
passing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/
Forms: form: more passing
form: most passing
Etymology: From pass + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: And solace sought he none from priest nor leech, / And soon the same in movement and in speech / As heretofore he fill'd the passing hours […]
ref: 1814, Lord Byron, Lara, I.15:
text: […]this is just a passing thing
But I believe in your sweet loving, loving, babe
With every summer falling rain
ref: 1968 December 8, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder, “I’d Be a Fool Right Now”, in For Once in My Life, performed by Stevie Wonder, Tamla Records:
text: It might be possible to dismiss #dittowatch as just another passing internet fancy. After all, hashtags are ephemeral.
ref: 2010 September 21, Marianne Kirby, The Guardian:
glosses: That passes away; ephemeral.
examples: text: her passing deformity
ref: c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
text: It was by dint of passing strength, / That he moved the massy stone at length.
ref: 1835, Washington Irving, The Crayon Miscellany:
text: That parliament was destined, in one short hour of convulsive strength, in one short hour of passing glory, to humble the pride and alarm the fears of England.
ref: 1847, Robert Holmes, The Case of Ireland Stated:
glosses: Pre-eminent, excellent, extreme.
examples: text: to make a passing comment
text: to have a passing acquaintance with somebody or something
text: Ardent pro-lifer Rick Santorum made one passing reference to "authenticity" as a litmus test for a conservative candidate, but if he was obliquely referring to Romney (and he was), you could be excused for missing the dig.
ref: 2011 June 14, Stewart J Lawrence, The Guardian:
glosses: Vague, cursory.
examples: text: passing cars
glosses: Going past.
examples: text: a passing transsexual
glosses: That passes in any sense.
Derived terms: non-passing
passing game
passingly
passingness
passing of time
with the passing of time
passing
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/
Etymology: From pass + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: [...] for she was called a fair lady, and a passing wise, and her name was called Igraine.
ref: 1485 July 24, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter I, in William Caxton, editor, Le Morte D’Arthur, volume 1:
text: How wonderful is Death, / Death and his brother Sleep! / One, pale as yonder waning moon / With lips of lurid blue; / The other, rosy as the morn / When throned on ocean's wave / It blushes o'er the world: / Yet both so passing wonderful!
ref: 1813, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Canto I”, in Queen Mab; […], London: […] P. B. Shelley, […], →OCLC, page 3:
text: She's passing fair; but so demure is she / So quiet is her gown, so smooth her hair, […]
ref: 1926, Dorothy Parker, “Roundel”, in Enough Rope, page 89:
text: I find it passing strange that convicts understand honest folk, but honest folk don't understand convicts.
ref: 2010 October 29, Simon Hattenstone, quoting David Taylor, “Letters from lifers”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Surpassingly, greatly.
passing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/
Forms: form: passings
Etymology: From pass + -ing.
Senses: glosses: Death, dying; the end of something.
examples: text: And since he did not see Louie by the folding door, Louie knew that in his former passings and repassings he could not have seen her either.
ref: 1913, Oliver Onions, The Story of Louie:
glosses: The fact of going past; a movement from one place to another or a change from one state to another.
examples: text: But capital was proving difficult to raise; rumours were in the air that the G.W.R. and L.S.W.R. were about to patch up their quarrel, and the people of Southampton, who twelve months earlier had staged a torch-light procession to celebrate the passing of the D.N.S.R. Act, were increasingly loath to part with their cash.
ref: 1955 February, T. B. Sands, “The Didcot, Newbury & Southampton Railway—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 79:
topics: law
glosses: The act of approving a bill etc.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The act of passing a ball etc. to another player.
glosses: A form of juggling where several people pass props between each other, usually clubs or rings.
examples: text: When there is a discrepancy between an individual's actual social identity and his virtual one, it is possible for this fact to be known to us before we normals contact him, or to be quite evident when he presents himself before us. He is a discredited person, and it is mainly he I have been dealing with until now.
… However, when his differentness is not immediately apparent, and is not known beforehand, … he is a discreditable, not a discredited person …. The issue is … that of managing information about his failing. To display or not to display; to tell or not to tell; to let on or not to let on; to lie or not to lie; and in each case, to whom, how, when, and where.
… It is this second general issue, the management of undisclosed discrediting information about self, that I am focusing on in these notes - in brief, 'passing'.
ref: 1963, Erving Goffman, 'Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity', Ch.2 at p.57, 58 (page numbers per the Pelican Books 1976 reprint)
topics: human-sciences
sciences
social-science
sociology
coordinate_terms: pass
glosses: The ability of a person to be regarded as a member of an identity group or category different from their own.
Derived terms: Korea Passing
passing lane
passingly
passingness
passing pocket
Related terms: buck-passing
continuation passing style
continuation-passing style
in passing
passing bell
passing-bell
passing grade
passing loop
passing note
passing off
passing place
passing shot
passing show
passing tone
talking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɔkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɑkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɑːkɪn/
rhymes: -ɔːkɪŋ
Forms: form: talkings
Etymology: From Middle English talkynge. By surface analysis, talk + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
text: 1864–65, Anthony Trollope, Can You Forgive Her?
He did not himself care for the loose little talkings, half flat and half sharp, of men when they meet together in idleness.
glosses: The action of the verb talk.
Derived terms: do the talking
talking blues
talking circle
talking
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɔkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɑkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɑːkɪn/
rhymes: -ɔːkɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English talkyng, talkynge. By surface analysis, talk + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of talk.
Derived terms: look who's talking
now you're talking
shit talking
talking book
talking clock
talking drum
talking drummer
talking head
talking point
talking shop
talking statue
talking-to
that's what I'm talking about
trash-talking
lying
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -aɪɪŋ
Etymology: lie (“to rest in a horizontal position”) + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: Without shutting herself up from her family ... or lying awake the whole night to indulge meditation, Elinor found every day afforded her leisure enough to think of Edward.
ref: 1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility 19
glosses: present participle and gerund of lie (“to rest in a horizontal position”)