cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
battle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbætl̩/
ipa: [ˈbatʰɫ̩]
enpr: băt'l
ipa: /ˈbætl̩/
ipa: [ˈbæɾɫ̩]
ipa: [bætɫ̩]
rhymes: -ætəl
Forms: form: battles
form: battling
form: battled
form: battled
form: battil
form: battill
form: battel
form: baittle
form: bettle
form: batwell
Etymology: From Early Modern English batell, probably from Middle English *batel (“flourishing”), from Old English *batol (“improving, tending to be good”), from batian (“to get better, improve”) + -ol ( + -le).
Senses: topics: agriculture
business
lifestyle
glosses: To feed or nourish (someone or something).
examples: text: To Devonſhire or Denſhire land. That is, to pare off the ſurface or top turf thereof, and to lay it upon heaps and burn it; vvhich aſhes are a marvelous improvement to battle barren land, by reaſon of the fixt ſalt vvhich they contain.
ref: 1670, J[ohn] R[ay], “Out of Doctour Fullers Worthies of England, such as are Not Entred Already in the Catalogues. [Devonshire.]”, in A Collection of English Proverbs […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] John Hayes, printer to the University, for W. Morden, →OCLC, page 225:
topics: agriculture
business
lifestyle
glosses: To render (land, soil, etc.) fertile or fruitful.
Related terms: batful
batten
anastylosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek αναστήλωσις (anastḗlōsis).
Senses: topics: archaeology
history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed).
Synonyms: reassembly
refabrication
refugee
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛfjʊd͡ʒiː/
ipa: /ɹɛfjʊˈd͡ʒiː/
rhymes: -iː
Forms: form: refugees
form: refugeeing
form: refugeed
form: refugeed
Etymology: From French réfugié, past participle of réfugier (“to take refuge, to seek refuge”), from Old French refuge (“hiding place”) from Latin refugium (“a place of refuge, place to flee back to”), originally describing French Huguenots fleeing religious persecution after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Sense 1 was "one seeking asylum" until 1914, when it evolved to mean more generally "one fleeing home" (first applied in this sense to civilians in Flanders heading west to escape fighting in World War I). By surface analysis, refuge + -ee. Displaced native Old English flīema.
Senses: glosses: To convey (slaves) away from the advance of the federal forces.
Related terms: asylum
citizenshipless
countryless
economic asylum
internally displaced person
nationless
political asylum
refoulement
refuge
home country
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: home countries
Senses: glosses: The country in which a person was born and usually raised, regardless of the present country of residence and citizenship.
Related terms: foreign country
homeland
old country
where are you from
match
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mæt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ætʃ
Forms: form: matches
Etymology: From Middle English macche, mecche (“wick (of a candle)”), from Old French mesche, meische, from Vulgar Latin micca (compare Catalan metxa, Spanish mecha, Italian miccia), which in turn is probably from Latin myxa (“nozzle, curved part of a lamp”), from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “lamp wick”).
Senses: examples: text: He struck a match and lit his cigarette.
synonyms: fuse
spunk
glosses: A device made of wood or paper, having the tip coated with chemicals that ignite with the friction of being dragged (struck) against a rough dry surface.
Derived terms: sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: black match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: brimstone match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: Congreve match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: fireplace match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: flare match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: lifeboat match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchbook
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchbox
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: match-cloth
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchflare
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchgirl
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchhead
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchlight
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchlike
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchlit
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchlock
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: match safe
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchstick
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchweed
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: matchwood
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: parlour match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: phosphorus match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: quick match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: safety match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: slow match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: storm match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: strike-anywhere match
sense: Terms derived from match (fire-starter)
word: sulfur match, sulphur match
Related terms: word: fire
word: light
word: lighter
word: cigarette lighter
english: to strike a match
translation: to strike a match
word: strike
friendly fire
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfɹɛn(d).li ˈfaɪ.ə/
ipa: /ˌfɹɛn(d).li ˈfaɪ.ɚ/
Senses: examples: text: It is clear that the firing of very heavy guns, or the enemy's fire in return, would very seriously interfere with an abbatis, or anything of that kind, and it will only be something of the lightest character, or something that is placed at a considerable distance from the friendly fire, the fire of the gun itself, that would remain.
ref: 1867 June 3, Jasper Selwyn, “Further Particulars Regarding Moncrieff's Protected Barbette System”, in Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, volume XI, number XLIV, page 256:
text: The slaughter of one's own troops by being fired into by their friends in rear. We are very much concerned over the question of avoiding loss from the enemy's bullets while passing through the danger zone, but what have we done to avoid our bravest fellows, the survival of the fittest, those who have gotten to the front and have held on to hard-won positions—what have we done to avoid their being shot to pieces by friendly fire? Absolutely nothing that we have ever heard of—and yet this is one of the most serious problems that confronts the leader of troops. Courage before the enemy will quail before a fire from the rear.
ref: 1910, P.E.T., “The Franco-German War”, in Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States, volume XLVI, number CLXV, page 552:
text: Labour is set to publish its own ideas 'shortly', which could mean anything from days to weeks. Meanwhile, the Conservatives' proposals have faced some 'friendly fire' from their own side.
ref: 2024 May 1, Christian Wolmar, “A long-term approach - delivered by the public sector”, in RAIL, number 1008, page 50:
glosses: Weapons fire coming from allied or friendly forces, as opposed to fire coming from enemy forces.
wikipedia: Confederate States of America
Stonewall Jackson
Synonyms: blue-on-blue
Related terms: amicicide
collateral damage
fratricide
friendly
apprehension
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æp.ɹɪˈhɛn.ʃən/
ipa: /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/
Forms: form: apprehensions
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin apprehensio, apprehensionis, compare with French appréhension. See apprehend.
Senses: examples: text: The wing would have been a severe obstruction to apprehension of an object on the ground.
ref: 2006, Phil Senter, "Comparison of Forelimb Function between Deinonychus and Babiraptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridea)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 26, no. 4 (Dec.), p. 905
glosses: The physical act of seizing or taking hold of (something); seizing.
examples: text: The warrant had been issued for his apprehension on the charge of rioting.
ref: 1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 37, in North and South:
text: When he told us that a large reward was offered by Sir Leicester Dedlock for the murderer's apprehension, I did not in my first consternation understand why; […]
ref: 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:
topics: law
glosses: The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest.
examples: text: We live on, and in living we lose the apprehension of life.
ref: 1815, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “On Life,”, in A Defence of Poetry and Other Essays, published 1840:
glosses: Perception; the act of understanding using one's intellect without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment
examples: text: We think we get a kind of vague apprehension of what London means from the top of a 'bus better than anywhere else.
ref: 1901, Kate Douglas Wiggin, chapter 8, in Penelope's English Experiences:
glosses: Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.
examples: text: Strangers of limited information and dull apprehension were sometimes observed not to know what a Powler was.
ref: 1854, Charles Dickens, chapter 7, in Hard Times:
glosses: The faculty by which ideas are conceived or by which perceptions are grasped; understanding.
examples: text: Every circumstance which evinced the savage nature of the beings at whose mercy I was, augmented the fearful apprehensions that consumed me.
ref: 1846, Herman Melville, chapter 32, in Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life:
glosses: Anticipation, especially of unfavorable things such as dread or fear or the prospect of something unpleasant in the future.
Synonyms: sense: anticipation of unfavorable things
word: alarm
sense: act of grasping with the intellect
word: awareness
sense: act of grasping with the intellect
word: sense
word: apprehension
word: misgiving
word: qualm
word: trepidation
Hypernyms: word: anticipation
word: doubt
word: dread
word: fear
word: uneasy
Hyponyms: word: compunction
word: scruple
Derived terms: misapprehension
nonapprehension
preapprehension
Related terms: word: sense
apprentice
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹɛntɪs/
Forms: form: apprentices
form: apprentise
Etymology: From Middle English apprentice, apprentesse, apprentyse, apprentis, from Old French aprentis, plural of aprentif, from Old French aprendre (verb), Late Latin apprendō, from Classical Latin apprehendō.
Compare typologically Latin discipulus (akin to capiō); Russian схва́тывать на лету́ (sxvátyvatʹ na letú), and for another aspect быть на подхва́те (bytʹ na podxváte) (both akin to хвата́ть (xvatátʹ).
Senses: examples: text: To this end a well-equipped and keenly-run apprentice training school has been in operation at Eastleigh since 1958 and here apprentices are given a good grounding in a number of trades, followed by a thorough training in the trade to which they become allocated.
ref: 1961 March, C. P. Boocock, “The organisation of Eastleigh Locomotive Works”, in Trains Illustrated, page 163:
text: Scottish rail suppliers have told the Government that they can only reach their target of employing 500 apprentices if they are given a clear pipeline of work, rather than having to endure the current stop-go programme.
ref: 2022 December 14, “Network News: A pipeline of work key for apprentices”, in RAIL, number 972, page 17:
glosses: A trainee, especially in a skilled trade.
glosses: One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a tradesperson, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.
glosses: One not well versed in a subject; a tyro or newbie.
Derived terms: apprenticehood
apprenticelike
apprenticeship
seaman apprentice
sorcerer's apprentice
Related terms: journeyman
masterman
master
trainee
apprentice
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹɛntɪs/
Forms: form: apprentices
form: apprenticing
form: apprenticed
form: apprenticed
form: apprentise
Etymology: From Middle English apprentice, apprentesse, apprentyse, apprentis, from Old French aprentis, plural of aprentif, from Old French aprendre (verb), Late Latin apprendō, from Classical Latin apprehendō.
Compare typologically Latin discipulus (akin to capiō); Russian схва́тывать на лету́ (sxvátyvatʹ na letú), and for another aspect быть на подхва́те (bytʹ na podxváte) (both akin to хвата́ть (xvatátʹ).
Senses: examples: text: His father had apprenticed him to a silk merchant.
text: He was apprenticed to a local employer.
text: Early in his career, Trump apprenticed himself to Roy Cohn, an unprincipled lawyer who taught the young Trump how to gain wealth and influence through ruthless bullying, profane braggadocio, opportunistic bigotry, baseless lawsuits, lying, and more lying.
Yet as Trump’s “fixer” with politicians, judges and mob bosses, Cohn remained utterly loyal to Trump and his father, Fred.
ref: 2025 August 25, Robert Reich, “Why Trump built a staff of incompetent sycophants”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 25 Aug 2025:
glosses: To put under the care and supervision of a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business.
examples: text: Joe apprenticed three different photographers before setting up his own studio.
glosses: To be an apprentice to.
approaching
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
ipa: /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
rhymes: -əʊtʃɪŋ
Etymology: By surface analysis, approach + -ing.
Senses: examples: the approaching armies
glosses: That approaches or approach.
approaching
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
ipa: /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
rhymes: -əʊtʃɪŋ
Etymology: By surface analysis, approach + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: The evacuation of approaching 200,000 people, along with reports of high radiation levels, of burning spent fuel, and apocalyptic footage of plumes of debris erupting from the stricken plant, will revive a question that seemed to have been retreating from global concerns: how safe is nuclear power?
ref: 2011 March 16, “There's more to fear from nature than nuclear power”, in Opinion, New Scientist:
glosses: Nearly.
approaching
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
ipa: /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
rhymes: -əʊtʃɪŋ
Etymology: By surface analysis, approach + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: The army was approaching from the north.
glosses: present participle and gerund of approach
approaching
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
ipa: /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃɪŋ/
rhymes: -əʊtʃɪŋ
Forms: form: approachings
Etymology: By surface analysis, approach + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: But we can also take a more analytical attitude to these displays, interpreting the movements as no more than approachings, touchings, and departings with no implication that one shape caused the other to move.
ref: 2011, Lance J. Rips, Lines of Thought: Central Concepts in Cognitive Psychology, page 168:
glosses: The act of coming closer; an approach.
approbation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæp.ɹəʊˈbeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌæp.ɹəˈbeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌæp.ɹoʊˈbeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌæp.ɹəˈbeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: approbations
Etymology: From late Middle English approbacioun, from Old French approbacion (French approbation), from Latin approbatio, from approbare (“to assent to as good, approve, also show to be good, confirm”), from ad (“to”) + probare (“approve, commend”), from probus (“good”).
Senses: examples: text: I am very sensible how much nobler it is to place the reward of virtue in the silent approbation of one's own breast
ref: 1796, William Melmoth (tr.), The Letters of Pliny the Consul: With Occasional Remarks, 9th edition, page 20:
text: As a counsellor she was not wanted; but as an approver, (a much safer character,) she was truly welcome. Her approbation, at once general and minute, warm and incessant, could not but please; and for another half-hour they were all walking to and fro, between the different rooms, some suggesting, some attending, and all in happy enjoyment of the future.
ref: 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter XI, in Emma: […], volume II, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:
text: [I]t was with the view to judge how far my own desires would act in harmony with the wishes of my family. Such an alliance cannot fail of meeting with their most flattering approbation.
ref: 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XX, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 286:
text: Many, therefore, who did not assent to all that the King had said, joined in a loud hum of approbation when he concluded.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
text: [A]nimals not only love, but have the desire to be loved. […] They love approbation or praise; […]
ref: 1871, Charles Darwin, “Comparison of the Mental Powers of Man and the Lower Animals”, in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Part I (On the Descent of Man), page 42:
synonyms: word: approval
word: concurrence
word: consent
word: liking
word: sanction
word: accolade
word: approbation
word: approval
word: attaboy
word: compliment
word: commendation
word: congratulation
word: douceur
word: encomium
word: encouragement
word: laudation
word: laudits
word: praise
word: tout
word: props
antonyms: disapprobation
glosses: The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval, sanction, commendation or official recognition.
Related terms: appro
approbate
approbative
approbator
approbatory
nuke
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /njuːk/
ipa: /n(j)uk/
rhymes: -uːk
homophone: neuk
homophone: nuc
homophone: (foot-goose merger) nook
Forms: form: nukes
Etymology: Clipping of nuc(leus)
Senses: examples: text: As a further experiment, I placed a very weak over-wintered nuke over the queenless colony. In bee strength, this little nuke was not half as strong.
ref: 1950, Modern Beekeeping, Paducah, Ky.: Walter T. Kelley, →OCLC, page 157:
text: Small new hives with a queen and a few worker bees, commonly called "nukes" are not suitable for pollination purposes [...]. New colonies should be developed before they are brought to the alfalfa seed field [...].
ref: 1989, Vern L. Marble, “Pollination”, in Fodders for the Near East: Alfalfa (FAO Plant Protection and Production Paper; 97/1), Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, →ISBN, page 110:
text: The first new queen to emerge from the cell may kill the other queens before they can emerge. The producer must be present when the new queens emerge to separate them from the nuke before all of the other new queens are killed.
ref: 2012, Ray V. Herren, “The Honeybee Industry”, in The Science of Animal Agriculture, 4th edition, Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 195:
glosses: Alternative spelling of nuc (“nucleus colony of bees”).
nuke
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /njuːk/
ipa: /n(j)uk/
rhymes: -uːk
homophone: neuk
homophone: nuc
homophone: (foot-goose merger) nook
Forms: form: nukes
Etymology: See nucha.
Senses: examples: text: The organ of amativeness is placed in the nuke of the neck as a protuberance of the cerebellum.
ref: 1836 February, T. C., “On Phrenology, Craniology, Organology”, in Daniel K. Whitaker, editor, The Southern Literary Journal, and Monthly Magazine, volume 1, number 6, Charleston, S.C.: Printed by J. S. Burges, […], →OCLC, page 399:
text: Historically, other words have been used to refer to this place on the body: hattrel, niddick, noddle, noll, nuke, and poll; all have passed out of use.
ref: [2015, Charles Hodgson, Carnal Knowledge: A Navel Gazer's Dictionary of Anatomy, Etymology, and Trivia, →ISBN, page 115:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Alternative form of nucha (“spinal cord; nape of the neck”).
nuke
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /njuːk/
ipa: /n(j)uk/
rhymes: -uːk
homophone: neuk
homophone: nuc
homophone: (foot-goose merger) nook
Forms: form: nukes
Etymology: See nook.
Senses: examples: text: The ancient bounds of the cow paſture of Penrith, [...] and then from the ſaid Old Dyke end, alongſt Plumpton Dyke Eaſt over Petterel unto Plumpton park nuke, otherwiſe called Plumpton nuke; [...]
ref: 1777, Joseph Nicolson, Richard Burn, “[Appendix.] No. XXVIII. Penrith Boundary on the Side of Caterlen.”, in The History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland. … In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, pages 546–547:
text: The bounder beginneth at the east nuke of the Carter, and from thence extendeth eastward upon the height of the edge to Robscleugh Score, and from thence to Phillip's cross, so to the Spittopnuke, from thence to Greenlaw, so to the height of the Brown Hartlaw, and from thence along the high street to the nuke of the Blakelaw, and from thence to Hemmier's Well, where Ridsdale and Cookdale meet, all wᵉʰ is a bounder against Scotland.
ref: 1827, John Hodgson, “Morpeth Deanery”, in A History of Northumberland, in Three Parts, part II, volume I, Newcastle upon Tyne: Printed by Edw[ard] Walker, for J[ohn] B[owyer] Nichols, [et al.], →OCLC, footnote b, page 2:
glosses: Alternative form of nook (“a corner of a piece of land; an angled piece of land, especially one extending into other land”).
object
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒb.d͡ʒɛkt/
enpr: ŏb'jĕkt
ipa: /əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/
enpr: əb-jĕkt'
ipa: /ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
Forms: form: objects
form: objecting
form: objected
form: objected
Etymology: From Old French object, from Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”), from obiectus, perfect passive participle of obiciō (“I throw against”), from ob- (“against”) + iaciō (“I throw”), as a calque of Ancient Greek ἀντικείμενον (antikeímenon). Doublet of objectum and objet.
Senses: examples: text: I object to the proposal to build a new airport terminal.
text: We strongly object to sending her to jail for ten years.
text: “It’s only a few minutes from Nankang to Hsichih, my friends. Kindly make room for the lady,” the driver was all unctuous smiles, and spoke as though nobody was going to object after he had given the word.
ref: 1975, Meng Yao (孟瑤), “Homeward Bound”, in An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Literature: Taiwan, 1949-1974, volume 2, Taipei: China Printing, Ltd., →OCLC, page 33:
glosses: To disagree with or oppose something or someone; (especially in a Court of Law) to raise an objection.
examples: text: We thanke you both, yet one but flatters vs,
As well appeareth by the cauſe you come,
Namely, to appeale each other of high treaſon.
Cooſin of Hereford, what doſt thou obiect
Againſt the Duke of Norfolke, Thomas Mowbray?
ref: 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 23, column 1:
text: He 'gan to him object his heinous Crime,
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: There are others who will object the poverty of the nation.
ref: 1708, Joseph Addison, The Present State of the War, and the Necessity of an Augmentation:
text: The book […] giveth liberty to object any crime against any such as are to be ordered.
ref: 1571, John Whitgift, Admonition to the Parliament:
glosses: To offer in opposition as a criminal charge or by way of accusation or reproach; to adduce as an objection or adverse reason.
examples: text: early 17th century, Edward Fairfax, Godfrey of Bulloigne: or The recovery of Jerusalem.
Of less account some knight thereto object, / Whose loss so great and harmful can not prove.
text: c. 1678, Richard Hooker, a sermon
some strong impediment or other objecting itself
text: Pallas to their eyes / The mist objected, and condens'd the skies.
ref: 1725, Homer, “Book VIII”, in [William Broome], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume II, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:
glosses: To set before or against; to bring into opposition; to oppose.
Synonyms: demur
except
take exception
Derived terms: counterobject
objectable
objectant
objectee
objection
objector
alcoholic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/
ipa: /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/
ipa: /ˌæl.kəˈhɑ.lɪk/
rhymes: -ɒlɪk
Forms: form: alcoholics
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English alcofol
English alcohol
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Italic *-kos
Latin -cus
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English alcoholic
First attested 1891, from alcohol + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: Don't you know you've got your daddy's eyes
 Daddy was an alcoholic
ref: 2001, Starsailor, Alcoholic:
text: Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic who still resists the idea that something drastic needs to happen for him to turn his life around.
ref: 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:
glosses: A person who is addicted to alcohol.
glosses: One who abuses alcohol.
Related terms: friend of Bill W.
alcoholic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/
ipa: /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/
ipa: /ˌæl.kəˈhɑ.lɪk/
rhymes: -ɒlɪk
Forms: form: more alcoholic
form: most alcoholic
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English alcofol
English alcohol
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Italic *-kos
Latin -cus
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English alcoholic
First attested 1891, from alcohol + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to alcohol.
examples: text: He ordered an alcoholic beverage.
text: The oysters were sour, and excessively alcoholic.
text: A statement from the official Lao News Agency (KPL) Friday reported that “the consumption of tainted alcoholic beverages” was the suspected cause of the deaths.
ref: 2024 November 27, Jessie Yeung and Isaac Yee, “Laos detains foreign hostel staff over backpacker methanol poisonings as families and travelers demand answers”, in CNN:
glosses: Having more than a trace amount of alcohol in its contents.
glosses: Of, pertaining to, or affected by alcoholism.
Synonyms: word: alcoholic
word: distilled
word: fermented
word: inebriate
word: intoxicating
word: spirituous
Hypernyms: word: heady
word: inebrious
Derived terms: alcoholically
alcoholic encephalopathy
alcoholicity
Alcoholics Anonymous
aminoalcoholic
antialcoholic
anti-alcoholic
hydroalcoholic
non-alcoholic
nonalcoholic
prealcoholic
unalcoholic
workalcoholic
Related terms: word: alcohol
word: drunkard
word: alcoholic beverage
nonalcoholic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: non-alcoholic
Etymology: From non- + alcoholic.
Senses: synonyms: alcohol-free
antonyms: alcoholic
glosses: Containing no more than trace amounts of alcohol.
topics: medicine
sciences
antonyms: alcoholic
glosses: Not involving alcohol as its cause.
nonalcoholic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nonalcoholics
form: non-alcoholic
Etymology: From non- + alcoholic.
Senses: examples: text: A quarantine is indeed a trying time. Where “people who can drink normally” — A.A. lingo for nonalcoholics — are stocking up on liquor, A.A. members, and there are some 2.1 million of us, are hellbent on keeping the meetings going.
ref: 2020 April 2, Virginia Heffernan, “Staying Sober During a Lockdown”, in The New York Times:
glosses: One who is not an alcoholic.
examples: text: When asked if there was a degree of sadness to transition to non-alcoholics after nearly two decades of making spirits, Mathews said no.
ref: 2023 February 22, Kai Ryssdal, Sean McHenry, “The LA distillery ginning up business in the non-alcoholic spirit market”, in Marketplace:
glosses: A nonalcoholic beverage.
bundobust
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbʌndəbʌst/
Forms: form: bundobusts
form: bandobast
form: bandobust
Etymology: From Hindustani بند و بست (band-o-bast) / बंदोबस्त (bandobast), from Classical Persian بند و بست (band-u-bast, “tying and binding”).
Senses: examples: text: He was proud of his faculty of organisation—what we call bundobust.
ref: 1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Arrest of Lieutenant Golightly”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio, published 2005, page 93:
text: ‘Hand on my brother whenever suits you. I write to you because he is sure to make a bad bundobust.’
ref: 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 292:
glosses: A system of discipline; organisation, arrangement, preparation.
bistro
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbiːstɹəʊ/
ipa: /ˈbɪstɹəʊ/
ipa: /ˈbiːstɹoʊ/
ipa: /ˈbɪstɹoʊ/
rhymes: -ɪstɹəʊ
Forms: form: bistros
form: bistrot
Etymology: Attested from c. 1920, from the French bistro(t) with the original meaning "proprietor of a tavern" (1880s), of unknown origin, presumably regional French dialect. See the French etymology for more.
Senses: examples: text: Now, a coalition of bistro owners, unions and trade organizations is lobbying to get Unesco to grant Paris's sidewalk bistros and cafes official status as France's "intangible cultural heritage."
ref: 2018 June 16, Claire Mufson, “Paris Bistros Became Symbols of Resilience. But Are They Unesco Worthy?”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 01 Mar 2024:
text: The rule that Christmas preparations should wait until after Thanksgiving doesn't apply to Hugue Dufour and his wife, Sarah Obraitis, the owners of M. Wells, a Québécois bistro in Long Island City.
ref: 2023 December 4, Nina Mesfin, “The New Must-Have for Every Stocking: French Canadian Meat Pie!”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 Jan 2024:
synonyms: word: alehouse
word: boozer
word: boozing ken
word: bousing ken
word: drinker
word: drinkery
word: gargle-factory
word: gin joint
word: groggery
word: local
word: nineteenth hole
word: pot-house
word: pub
word: public house
word: rummery
word: saloon
word: tavern
word: watering hole
glosses: A small casual restaurant or pub, typically serving French-style cuisine.
Derived terms: bistronomy
bistro
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbiːstɹəʊ/
ipa: /ˈbɪstɹəʊ/
ipa: /ˈbiːstɹoʊ/
ipa: /ˈbɪstɹoʊ/
rhymes: -ɪstɹəʊ
Forms: form: bistros
form: bistroing
form: bistroed
form: bistroed
form: bistrot
Etymology: Attested from c. 1920, from the French bistro(t) with the original meaning "proprietor of a tavern" (1880s), of unknown origin, presumably regional French dialect. See the French etymology for more.
Senses: glosses: To eat at a bistro.
Related terms: fast food
starring
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of star
examples: Ben-Hur, starring Charlton Heston
glosses: That which has the specified actor or actors, especially those in lead roles, in its cast.
raw_tags: with a film as its subject
Synonyms: sense: having actors in its cast
word: featuring
raw_tags: used for actors other than those in the lead roles
starring
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: starrings
Senses: glosses: The action of the verb to star.
starring
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Charlton Heston had a starring role in Ben-Hur.
glosses: Performing as a star; having the leading role.
de rigueur
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /də ɹɪˈɡɜː(ɹ)/
ipa: /də ɹɪˈɡɝ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)
Etymology: Borrowed from French de rigueur (“required”), from de (“of”) + rigueur (“rigour/rigor”).
Senses: examples: text: Wearing a suit to a job interview is de rigueur.
text: This season, the little black dress is de rigueur.
text: […] his nose—if a sketch of his features be de rigueur for a person of his pretensions—was artistically beautiful enough to have been worth doing in marble by any sculptor not over-busy, […].
ref: 1886 May – 1887 April, Thomas Hardy, The Woodlanders […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
text: […] Lady Muriel—not being one of those lady-singers who think it de rigueur to decline to sing till they have been petitioned three or four times, […].
ref: 1889, Lewis Carroll [pseudonym; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], Sylvie and Bruno, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 247:
text: It is still de rigueur for the victorious State to add to its exploitable territory at the expense of the conquered.
ref: 1959, Frank Chodorov, The Rise and Fall of Society, Devin-Adair, Chapter 13, page 126:
text: Not a problem. I lived half my adult life in a country where dropping in unannounced was de rigueur.
ref: 1995, Richard Powers, Galatea 2.2, New York, N.Y.: Farrar Straus Giroux, →ISBN:
text: It is often expected of rock stars that they'll sport a ghostly pallor and in this respect Simon Neil of Biffy Clyro doesn't disappoint: as well as a black leather jacket and the de rigueur beard and the tattoos that cover his muscled arms, he blinks into the sunshine as someone barely used to it.
ref: 2010 May 2, Caspar Llewellyn Smith, “Biffy Clyro: 'We still feel like underdogs”, in The Observer:
text: Super-thin rice noodles, or vermicelli, are de rigueur here, but as with pad thai the secret is all in the preparation.
ref: 2013 October 2, Felicity Cloake, “How to make perfect Singapore noodles”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: All I spot are lots of anglers on the canal at Wigan, indulging in a sport where social distancing is de rigueur!
ref: 2020 November 4, Paul Bigland, “At no point have I felt unsafe...”, in Rail, page 47:
text: Zachary Woolfe, our classical music critic, tells me that standing ovations are now de rigueur at opera and symphony performances in the United States, but less so in Europe.
ref: 2024 November 11, Michael Paulson, “Everyone Else Is Giving a Standing Ovation. Do I Have To?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: If sequels are de rigueur in the so-called disruptive world of technology, this one is particularly bold.
ref: 2025 May 10, Rob Copeland, “Elizabeth Holmes’s Partner Has a New Blood-Testing Start-Up”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Necessary according to etiquette, protocol or fashion.
de rigeur
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of de rigueur.
maglev
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæɡ.lɛv/
Etymology: Shortened from magnetic levitation.
Senses: examples: text: A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays. This set-up solves several problems […]. Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?
ref: 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, archived from the original on 18 Jun 2020, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):
text: After nearly three years of technical research, Ding said the team had developed a lightweight and high-strength train body that lays the technical foundation for the development of five sets of maglev engineering prototypes.
ref: 2019 May 24, Serenitie Wang and Karla Cripps, “China unveils 600km/h maglev train prototype”, in CNN:
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: Describing a train, system, etc, that operates by magnetic levitation.
maglev
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæɡ.lɛv/
Forms: form: maglevs
Etymology: Shortened from magnetic levitation.
Senses: examples: text: When finished, the trains will be the fastest commercial maglevs developed and built completely by Chinese firms.
ref: 2019 March 4, Maggie Hiufu Wong, “China to introduce new generation of driverless trains in 2020”, in CNN:
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: A train supported by magnetic levitation.
magnetic levitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A method of supporting and transporting objects and vehicles by using a magnetic field to counterbalance the gravitational pull.
Synonyms: maglev
Related terms: diamagnetic levitation
levitron
magnetic levitation train
electrostatic levitation
magnetic levitation train
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: magnetic levitation trains
Senses: glosses: A maglev.
bruschetta
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bro͝o-skĕtʹə
ipa: /bɹʊˈskɛtə/
enpr: bro͞o-skĕtʹə
ipa: /bɹuˈskɛtə/
ipa: /bɹuˈʃɛtə/
rhymes: -ɛtə
Forms: form: bruschettas
form: bruschette
Etymology: From Italian bruschetta, from bruscare (“to toast”).
Senses: examples: text: She fished a napkin out of the basket and put the slice of bruschetta on it.
ref: 2018, Cerella Sechrist, The Way Back to Erin, Harlequin, →ISBN:
glosses: A light Italian dish of toasted bread with a topping of olive oil, garlic and chopped tomatoes.
talk up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: talks up
form: talking up
form: talked up
form: talked up
Senses: examples: text: The restaurant had been talked up way too much, that it left me somewhat disappointed.
text: Charlie's been talking up Robbie in an attempt to set him up with Lucy.
text: Moreover, the new Prime Minister has already talked up the need for new strike-breaking legislation, in the form of requirements for railworkers to provide a minimum service during any industrial action.
ref: 2022 September 21, Christian Wolmar, “Trevelyan must 'give a damn' and engage with the railway”, in RAIL, number 966, page 45:
glosses: To talk about (something or someone) to make it seem as good as possible or to draw positive attention to it.
glosses: To talk louder.
examples: text: “Look here, friend,” said I, “if you have anything important to tell us, out with it; but if you are only trying to bamboozle us, you are mistaken in your game; that’s all I have to say.”
And it’s said very well, and I like to hear a chap talk up that way; you are just the man for him—the likes of ye.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 19”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
glosses: To speak in a plain and candid way, or with bold impudence.
Synonyms: sense: talk about someone positively
word: big up
sense: talk about someone positively
word: promote
sense: talk louder
word: speak up
Related terms: chat up
non-alcoholic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + alcoholic.
Senses: examples: text: Sober bars serve beers and wines that are non-alcoholic (though they can sometimes contain up to 0.5% ABV, or alcohol by volume, the Food and Drug Administration’s threshold for a beverage to still be considered non-alcoholic).
ref: 2024 July 27, Scottie Andrew, “How sober bars are redefining nightlife”, in CNN:
glosses: Alternative form of nonalcoholic.
non-alcoholic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: non-alcoholics
Etymology: From non- + alcoholic.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of nonalcoholic.
fire up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: fires up
form: firing up
form: fired up
form: fired up
Senses: examples: text: Let's fire up the grill and have a barbecue.
text: They're[renewables] not strong enough to fire up the plants that you need to make your country great. The wind doesn't blow. Those big windmills are so pathetic and so bad, so expensive to operate, and they have to be rebuilt all the time and they start to rust and rot.
ref: 2025 September 23, Donald Trump, speech at United Nations:
synonyms: word: inflame
word: kindle
word: alight
word: conflagrate
word: fire
word: fire up
word: ignite
word: inflame
word: kindle
word: light
word: light up
word: set ablaze
word: set afire
word: set aflame
word: set alight
word: set fire
word: set on fire
word: torch
glosses: To ignite.
examples: text: The generator fired up shortly after the power failure began.
synonyms: fire
start up
glosses: Of an engine or similar, to start.
examples: text: Fire up a text editor.
text: Fire up your computer.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: activate
start up
glosses: To launch; to run.
examples: text: The band went out to fire up the crowd before the game.
synonyms: word: ginger up
word: spice up
word: animate
word: arouse
word: awaken
word: beghast
word: leaven
word: bright
word: brighten
word: cheer
word: energize
word: enliven
word: enthuse
word: exalt
word: excite
word: fire up
word: ginger
word: ginger up
word: inflame
word: invigorate
word: inspire
word: inspirit
word: jazz
word: kindle
word: liven
word: liven up
word: perk up
word: quicken
word: spice
word: spice up
word: stimulate
word: vitalise
glosses: To excite; to infuse with energy.
examples: text: He […] fired up, and stood vigorously on his defence.
ref: 1911, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Bunyan, John”, in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:
synonyms: anger
glosses: To grow irritated or angry.
on fire
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Etymology: From Middle English on fier, on fijre, on fire, on fyire, on fyre.
Senses: examples: text: If the wind picks up and the flames spread, the whole town could go on fire.
synonyms: afire
aflame
alight
burning
flaming
in flames
go up in smoke
glosses: Being burned by fire.
examples: text: Anytime I am on fire with anxiety about the future, or totally freaking out that I am not being seen, heard, or treated fairly based on my old wounds, it is easy for me to RECOGNIZE that my Character 2 has flared right up in an attempt to not only protect me but help me get my needs met.
ref: 2022 [2021], Jill Bolte Taylor, “The Brain Huddle: Your Power Tool for Peace”, in Whole Brain Living: The Anatomy of Choice and the Four Characters That Drive Our Life, Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, →ISBN, page 160:
glosses: Overwhelmed with emotion; beside oneself.
examples: text: “I'm on fire with an idea,” the 48-year-old businessman proclaimed with excitement similar to that which he projected in 1971 when his company became the first predominantly Black-owned corporation to be listed on the American Stock Exchange.
ref: 1975 November 6, Robert E. Johnson, “The Prodigal Returns To His First Love: The Beauty Industry”, in Jet, volume 49, number 7, page 21:
glosses: Excited, enthusiastic or passionate.
examples: text: That striker has scored four goals so far – he's on fire!
synonyms: on a roll
on a tear
glosses: Doing very well; achieving good results at a rapid rate.
glosses: Sexually aroused.
examples: text: He locks us into a crouched position that results in muscle failure of the quads, hamstrings, and calves. It hurts. We raise ten-pound rubber rifles and hold them parallel to the ground. Our legs are on fire, then our arms too.
ref: 2016, Eric Fair, Consequence, page 28:
glosses: Experiencing a burning-like sensation, especially "the burn" (from buildup of lactic acid)
raw_tags: of a body part
Derived terms: get on like a house on fire
I wouldn't piss on someone if they were on fire
Euro-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Forms: form: euro-
Etymology: Shortened unetymologically from Europe or Europo- in compounds. 20th-century formation, perhaps echoing terms like Afro-, Indo-, Sino- etc. An early attestation is the 1911 title The "Euro-Asian" or "Anglo-Indian", but the word Eurasian is attested in English from 1844. In finance, the term is a generalisation of Eurobond, which originally referred to bonds denominated in dollars but issued in Europe.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to Europe, especially as a political entity.
glosses: Pertaining to the European Union.
examples: text: Euro- + Sterling → Eurosterling
text: Eurocurrency markets are active in other major currencies as well, including Eurosterling, Euroyen, and euro-denominated Eurocurrencies (sometimes called “Euroeuros”).
ref: 2012, Kirt C. Butler, Multinational Finance: Evaluating Opportunities, Costs, and Risks of Operations, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN:
topics: business
finance
glosses: Denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is issued.
raw_tags: of a financial instrument
Related terms: Eur-
euro
dys-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪs/
homophone: dis
homophone: dis-
homophone: diss
Etymology: From New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult, bad”).
Often confused with the etymologically unrelated prefix dis-.
Senses: examples: text: dyschezia, dysacusis, dysbasia, dyslexia, dyscopia
glosses: difficult
examples: text: dysphoria, dystopia
glosses: bad
examples: text: dysaemia, dyscognitive
glosses: bad
unhealthy, harmful
examples: text: dysejaculation, dysuria
glosses: bad
painful
examples: text: dysbalanced, dyschloremia, dysdifferentiation
glosses: bad
incorrect
examples: text: dysgraphia, dysphasia, dysoxic
glosses: bad
poor, deficient
examples: text: dysgnathic, dysafferentation, dysesthesia
glosses: abnormal
examples: text: dysautoregulation
glosses: to fail
examples: text: dyscontrol, dysmetria
glosses: inability, unable
examples: text: dysendocrinism, dysexecutive, dysautonomia, dysbarism
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: malady, disease
examples: text: dysfluent
glosses: not
Synonyms: sense: harmful
word: mal-
sense: painful
word: -algia
sense: painful
word: (loosely) -algy
sense: painful
word: -dynia
word: para-
word: dis-
word: mis-
word: mal-
sense: deficient
word: under-
sense: deficient
word: hypo-
sense: deficient
word: mal-
sense: bad
word: mal-
sense: bad
word: mis-
sense: to fail
word: dis-
sense: to fail
word: mis-
sense: not
word: a-
sense: not
word: an-
sense: not
word: i-
sense: not
word: il-
sense: not
word: im-
sense: not
word: in-
sense: not
word: ir-
sense: not
word: mal-
sense: not
word: non-
sense: not
word: un-
Related terms: dis-
dysphemism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭs'fə-mĭz"(ə)m
ipa: /ˈdɪs.fəˌmɪ.z(ə)m/
Forms: form: dysphemisms
Etymology: Borrowed from French dysphémisme, modelled after euphémisme, with the prefix dys-.
Senses: glosses: The use of a word or phrase carrying negative connotations or imagery (especially one that is derogatory, offensive or vulgar) to replace a (more) neutral original.
glosses: A word or phrase that is used to replace another in this way.
Related terms: dysphemistic
fish supper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fish suppers
Senses: examples: text: The working class cannot afford to buy fish suppers nowadays; Scottish beef and venison are for export only, so midgieburgers are going to become Britain's fastest new food – our economy will depend upon it.
ref: 2012, Alasdair Gray, “Midgieburgers”, in Every Short Story, Canongate, page 846:
glosses: Fish and chips.