cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
pædometers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pædometer
pedi-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Senses: glosses: Relating to feet.
Derived terms: pedicure
pediform
Affrilachian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: Afrilachian
Etymology: Blend of African + Appalachian, attributed to poet Frank X Walker.
Senses: glosses: Black and Appalachian; of or pertaining to black people in Appalachia and their culture.
Affrilachian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Affrilachians
Etymology: Blend of African + Appalachian, attributed to poet Frank X Walker.
Senses: glosses: A black native of Appalachia.
Afrilachian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Affrilachian.
Affrilachians
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Affrilachian
Chang-chou
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 漳州 (Zhāngzhōu), Wade–Giles romanization: Chang¹-chou¹.
Senses: examples: text: In Chang-p’u county (Chang-chou prefecture), for example, a gazetteer records 1.475 tou of seed per mou were used, while in Hai-ch’eng, its neighbor to the east, a figure of 1.2 tou of seed per mou is noted.
ref: 1972, Evelyn Sakakida Rawski, Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 17:
text: Now, with one or two bottles of liquor, I can order a Taipei person to kill another. Why should I care: Most of the Taipei people are Chang-chou people, and we southerners are mainly Ch'uan'chou^([sic – meaning Ch'uan-chou]) people."
ref: 1981, Huang Shu-min, Agricultural Degradation Changing Community Systems in Rural Taiwan, University Press of America, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 89:
text: After Li Tan's death in 1625, Hsu Hsin-su (許心素), leader of the Chang-chou people dwelling in and around the city of Hsia-men (廈門, or Amoy), emerged as his successor.
ref: 2003, Tu Cheng-sheng, translated by Paul Cooper, Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century, →OCLC, →OL, page 27:
text: 3. Since this country was near Chang-chou (Zhang's native city), the Chinese trade vessels often went there.
ref: 2016, “The Philippines in Dong Xi Yang Kao”, in Tulay, →ISSN Invalid ISSN, →OCLC, page 9:
glosses: Alternative form of Zhangzhou.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Encyclopædia Britannica
Frederick A. Praeger
Kirby Cross
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A village in Frinton and Walton parish, Tendring district, Essex, England (OS grid ref TM2120).
Affrilachia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæf.ɹəˈlæ.tʃə/
ipa: /ˌæf.ɹɪˈleɪ.(t)ʃə/
Etymology: Blend of African + Appalachia, attributed to poet Frank X Walker.
Senses: glosses: Black Appalachia; Appalachia, viewed with an eye to its black population and their culture.
wikipedia: Frank X Walker
Fu-shun
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 撫順 /抚顺 (Fǔshùn), Wade–Giles romanization: Fu³-shun⁴.
Senses: examples: text: The army now began to advance, not yet from the Sha-ho, because there were troops occupying the hills on the north bank of the Hun River, twenty miles in the rear, that had to be brought up. These were the Frist Siberian Corps at Fu-ling and the Third Siberian Corps at Fu-shun, with a force also at Ying-p'an.
ref: 1907, Frederick McCormick, The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia, volume I, New York: Outing Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 281:
text: Most of Manchuria’s large deposits of coal and iron ore are also in or near the Liao valley, including the famous coal mines at Fu-shun, some thirty miles east of Mukden, another large coal deposit a hundred miles to the west at Fou-hsin, and a large reserve of iron ore at Anshan, fifty miles to the south. Anshan became the major iron and steel center under the Japanese, and still is so; the ore there is relatively low grade, and is hence expensive to move to the coal; coal accordingly moves to it from Fu-shun, Fou-hsin, and from high quality coking-coal deposits in the Pen-ch’i area in southeastern Manchuria.
ref: 1973, John T. Meskill, editor, An Introduction to Chinese Civilization, D. C. Heath and Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 525-526:
text: Four years later China became a Communist republic, and the Russians sent the Emperor home. He could have been executed for collaborating with the Japanese, but he wasn't: instead Chairman Mao packed him off to the War Criminals' Prison at Fu-shun in Manchuria for 're-education through labour'.
ref: 1994, Tony Scotland, The Empty Throne: The Quest for an Imperial Heir in the People's Republic of China, Penguin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 9:
text: About 3,000 years ago, Chinese miners dug for coal in the Fu-shun mine in north-eastern China.
ref: 2011, Barbara Somervill, The Story Behind Coal, Raintree, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 11:
glosses: Alternative form of Fushun.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Encyclopædia Britannica
jack-boot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jack-boots
Senses: examples: text: Oh, damn your strops, I always strop my razor upon an old jack-boot.
ref: 1803, Charles Dibdin, The Professional Life of Mr. Dibdin - Volume 4, page 174:
text: This is the sort of re/gime promised to those who are so weak as to remain under the jack-boot, not to speak of labour camps in France and perhaps in Germany and Poland;
ref: 1943, D. Barlone, A French Officer's Diary (23 August 1939-1 October 1940), page 113:
text: He carried a Bible in his jack-boot: but did that prevent him, as Oliver rode past him with an approving smile on Naseby field, thinking himself a very handsome fellow, with his moustache and imperial, and bright red coat, and cuirass well polished, in spite of many a dint, as he sate his father's great black horse as gracefully and firmly as any long-locked and essenced cavalier in front of him?
ref: 2008, Charles Kingsley, Plays and Puritans, page 80:
glosses: Alternative form of jackboot.
jack-boot
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: jack-boots
form: jack-booting
form: jack-booted
form: jack-booted
Senses: examples: text: The squatters' Australia was a rough society of rugged wealth-seekers jack-booting their determined way over an unprivileged great majority.
ref: 1946, Brian Charles Fitzpatrick, The Australian People, 1788-1945, page 150:
text: Never was love more brutally jack-booted by power than in Belsen, Dachau, and Buchenwald.
ref: 1967, The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, page 79:
text: By jack-booting his way through the House with a guillotine motion and by denying its democratic rights, he is jack-booting his way through the security and peace of mind of 3 million private tenants, and he is destroying the housing hopes of hundreds of thousands of those who are in genuine housing need.
ref: 1980, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard):
glosses: Alternative form of jackboot.
jack-boots
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jack-boot
jack-boots
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of jack-boot
jack-booting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of jack-boot
jack-booted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more jack-booted
form: most jack-booted
Senses: examples: text: She seemed to feel silent, jack-booted watchers standing outside frightened houses, figures kneeling to scrub the pavements, children coldly excluded from their familiar playgrounds, the informer's whisper in the café, fear and suspicion like rheumatism fastening upon the easy intercourse of friends—all the vicious little tricks of modern tyranny.
ref: 1939, Nicholas Blake [pseudonym; Cecil Day-Lewis], “The Episode of the Amorous Cricketer”, in The Smiler with the Knife, London: Vintage Books, published 2012, →ISBN:
text: He wouldn't tell me — blew up about jack-booted gestapos trampling over the leddies' rooms, and took himself off in a black temper.
ref: 1948, Robert Alfred, John Walling, The Late Unlamented, page 170:
text: The Zeppelinfeld arena, in which all those jack-booted men goose-stepped, is an athletic field for American soldiers and also is the setting for local rock festivals.
ref: 1986, Darwin Porter, Dollarwise Guide to Germany, page 324:
glosses: Alternative form of jackbooted.
jack-booted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of jack-boot
jack boot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jack boots
Senses: examples: text: This I think necessary to remedy by the scale herewith sent, by which your readers will perceive, that though it is a little larger than a jack boot, as that was necessary for the circumambient steam, yet that it is by no means so large as not to be easily portable, more especially as the pneumatic parts take off, and can be easily placed along with the biler into the inside of the cylinder, and the whole enclosed in a neat mahogany box.
ref: 1802 July 10, Acute Gout, “To the Editors”, in The Medical and Physical Journal, volume 8, number 41, page 54:
text: Meanwhile the jack boot, as it is called, had become indispensable in the costume of cavalry soldiers and horsemen generally; and it was regularly adopted in England by William III and his followers. Strongly made, the jack boot extended in length above the knee, was wide at the top, had a very high heel, and around the ankle had a flat leather band, by which a powerful spur was attached.
ref: 1930, Frank Moore Colby, Talcott Williams, Herbert Treadwell Wade, The New International Encyclopaedia - Volume 3, page 536:
text: Opposite to the pillory were erected four ladders, with cords running from one ladder to another, on which were hung a jack boot, an axe, and a bonnet; the last with a label, Scotch bonnet; the boot and the bonnet, after remaining there some time, were burnt, the tops of the boot having been previously chopped off.
ref: 2013, Richard Maxwell Brown, Don E. Fehrenbacher, Tradition, Conflict, and Modernization: Perspectives on the American Revolution, page 54:
glosses: Alternative form of jackboot.
jack boot
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: jack boots
form: jack booting
form: jack booted
form: jack booted
Senses: examples: text: I won't say she imagined SS men jack booting through her life, but I believe that for some time she and a large number of my friends had secretly felt that I was capable of a radical personality change, that my purchase on reality was just thin enough to let me jump the groove.
ref: 1988, Hugh Aldersey-Williams, Ralph Caplan, William Aldersey, New American Design: Products and Graphics for a Post-industrial Age, page 63:
text: The spirit will never bear any jack booting.
ref: 1988, Brij Mohan Toofan, When Freedom Bleeds: Journey Through Indian Emergency, page 23:
text: Harassing of voters at polling booths including beating and jack booting thereby infiinging on their human rights.
ref: 2006, Journal of Social Sciences - Volume 13, Issues 1-3, page 63:
glosses: Alternative form of jackboot.
jack boots
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jack boot
jack boots
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of jack boot
jack booting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of jack boot
jack booted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more jack booted
form: most jack booted
Senses: examples: text: The MUD PEOPLE ARE JACK BOOTED TYRANTS
ref: 1996, Dorothy A. Rose, Poisoning the Airwaves: The Extremist Message of Hate on Shortwave Radio, page 6:
text: Two days later the mother of one of the little lads, accompanied by a NOCLU lawyer, filed charges against the cruel jack booted police thug.
ref: 2002, Phil N. Good, Timescanner: The Future Has Been Postponed, page 92:
text: Standing in the middle of the courtyard, some twenty paces from him were three silent ominous figures in green paramilitary style uniforms, jack booted and wearing peaked caps on which was an undefined insignia.
ref: 2009, Robert Richardson, chapter 3, in The Silver Cane, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu, →ISBN, page 23:
glosses: Alternative form of jackbooted.
jack booted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of jack boot
Yün-yang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 鄖陽 /郧阳 (Yúnyáng), Wade–Giles romanization: Yün²-yang².
Senses: examples: text: From one of the turquois dealers in Si-ngan fu the information was given me that the turquoises traded there come from the prefecture of Yün-yang in Hu-pei Province, while another more especially point to the district of Chu-shan, situated in the same prefecture, as the place of production. The Imperial Geography (Ta Ts'ing i t'ung chi, Ch. 272),³ in the chapter dealing with Yün-yang fu, contains no allusion to this fact, and mentions in an enumeration of the mountains of the Chu-shan district only one producing stones, the Fan shi shan, deriving its name from the fan shi or alum formerly produced there.
ref: 1913 July, Berthold Laufer, Notes on Turquois in the East, Chicago, →OCLC, page 65:
glosses: Alternative form of Yunyang, Hubei
Yün-yang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 雲陽 /云阳 (Yúnyáng), Wade–Giles romanization: Yün²-yang².
Senses: examples: text: Yun-yang hsien, or Clouded Sun City, is situated on the left bank of a picturesque gorge formed by pyramidal mountains, horizontally stratified, and 1000 to 1500 feet in height.
ref: [1898, Archibald John Little, Through the Yang-tse Gorges, 3rd edition, Sampson Low, Marston & Company, →OCLC, page 98:
glosses: Alternative form of Yunyang, Chongqing
Ma-ch'eng
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 麻城 (Máchéng), Wade–Giles romanization: Ma²-chʻêng².
Senses: examples: text: The magistrate of Ma-ch'eng in Hupeh engaged Chang to compile a local history for his district.
ref: 1966, David S. Nivison, The Life and Thought of Chang Hsüeh-ch'eng (1738-1801), Stanford University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 208:
text: Keng came from Ma-ch'eng, Hukuang, won his chin-shih in 1556, and went on to a full official life, rising to be minister of Revenue.
ref: 1982, John Meskill, Academies in Ming China: A Historical Essay, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 113:
text: My friend Ch'iu Chang-ju of Ma-ch'eng traveled east to the Wu area, and then traveled back to T'uan-feng with thirty jars of water from Hui Mountain Stream.
ref: 1992 [c. 1600], Yüan Hung-tao, translated by Jonathan Chaves, Pilgrim of the Clouds, Weatherhill, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 90:
glosses: Alternative form of Macheng.
wikipedia: Army Map Service
jack-boy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jack-boys
Senses: examples: text: Come you a wooing, And I alive and lusty? you shall find An alteration, jack-boys; I have a spirit yet (An I could match my hair to't, there's the fault), And can do offices of youth yet lightly;
ref: 1856, Philip Massinger, William Gifford, The Plays of Philip Massinger, page 510:
text: The news soon spread from boy to boy and from ward to ward ; and there was an extraordinary call upon the services of the jack-boys, whose utmost exertions were scarcely equal to the demand.
ref: 1895, An Old Blue, “Reminiscences of Christ's Hospital”, in Some More Gleanings, page 45:
text: He was lower than the jack-boys and hirelings of the tuath, being generally a prisoner taken in war or an outlaw from some other tuath.
ref: 1916, Darrell Figgis, Æ (George W. Russell): A Study of a Man and a Nation, page 131:
glosses: Alternative form of jack boy.
jack-boys
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jack-boy
jack boys
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jack boy
jackboy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jackboys
Senses: examples: text: We ducked and dodged law, and jackboys, only to hand our hard earned cash over to another hustler; a hustler greater than us.
ref: 2011, Hector Stone, Trapstarz, page 29:
text: Ordell asked one of his jackboys to get him a car with keys in it and leave it in the Ocean Mall parking lot over by the beach. The jackboy asked him what kind of car he wanted. Ordell said, 'One has a big trunk with a shotgun in it.' He liked jackboys because they were crazy. They made their living ripping off street dealers for their blow and change and busting into crack houses with assault weapons.
ref: 2012, Elmore Leonard, Rum Punch:
text: "Get you stupid ass over there by the chip display and don't move," the robber instructed as he positioned himself to where he could see both David and Nicole with minimal movement. That act alone let David know the guy in the Oakland Raiders pullover was an experienced jackboy.
ref: 2014, Antonio David Hart, Chess Game of the Gods:
glosses: A street thug who is part of a gang of thieves.
jackboys
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jackboy
T'ai-shan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 臺山 /台山 (Táishān), Wade–Giles romanization: Tʻai²-shan¹.
Senses: examples: text: When in the summer of 1944 the Japanese advanced to take the districts of T'ai-shan and San-shui, the county of K'ai-p'ing was menaced. The Chinese army had retreated, but the two tsu of Szu-t'u and Kuan organized themselves to fight for their homes.
ref: 1964 [1948], Hsien Chin Hu, The Common Descent Group in China and Its Functions, Johnson Reprint Corporation, →OCLC, page 67:
text: In addition to the language difference between the two major ethnic groups, there are differences among the Cantonese themselves. For example, people in four counties to the southwest of Canton—in T'ai-shan, K'ai-p'ing, Hsin-hui, and En-p'ing counties—speak a version of Cantonese which is almost unintelligible to residents of Canton.
ref: 1978, William L. Parish, Village and Family in Contemporary China, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 26:
glosses: Alternative form of Taishan (a county-level city in Jiangmen, Guangdong, China; former county of Guangdong, China).
T'ai-shan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 泰山 (Tàishān), Wade–Giles romanization: Tʻai⁴-shan¹.
Senses: examples: text: Confucius did not listen to this warning, but taking his disciple Yen Hui to drive the carriage and putting Tzu-kung on his right, he set off to visit the brigand Chih. The brigand and his men happened at the time to be resting on the southern slopes of the T'ai-shan, and were enjoying a supper of minced human liver.
ref: 1956 [1939], Arthur Waley, “Chuang Tzu”, in Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China, Doubleday & Company, Inc., →LCCN, →OCLC, page 21:
text: It seems that Chao left Chihli sometime between 1762 and 1764. At any rate, in 1764 he passed by T'ai-shan, Shantung, and was suffering from an illness. He certainly did not live long after 1764 and possibly he died in that year.
ref: 1943, Arthur W. Hummel, Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, volume I, United States Government Printing Office, page 76:
glosses: Alternative form of Tai Shan.
K'ai-p'ing
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 開平 /开平 (Kāipíng), Wade–Giles romanization: Kʻai¹-pʻing².
Senses: examples: text: When in the summer of 1944 the Japanese advanced to take the districts of T'ai-shan and San-shui, the county of K'ai-p'ing was menaced. The Chinese army had retreated, but the two tsu of Szu-t'u and Kuan organized themselves to fight for their homes.
ref: 1964 [1948], Hsien Chin Hu, The Common Descent Group in China and Its Functions, Johnson Reprint Corporation, →OCLC, page 67:
text: In addition to the language difference between the two major ethnic groups, there are differences among the Cantonese themselves. For example, people in four counties to the southwest of Canton—in T'ai-shan, K'ai-p'ing, Hsin-hui, and En-p'ing counties—speak a version of Cantonese which is almost unintelligible to residents of Canton.
ref: 1978, William L. Parish, Village and Family in Contemporary China, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 26:
text: The seat of K'ai-p'ing County is 104 miles southwest of Canton. It is one of the four adjacent hsien lying to the west of the Pearl River delta, a region that has sent thousands of its residents to North America.
ref: 1984, Yuen-fong Woon, Social Organization in South China, 1911-1949: The Case of the Kuan Lneage of Kʻai-pʻing County, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 21:
glosses: Alternative form of Kaiping.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Pen-ch'i
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: běnʹchēʹ
Etymology: From Mandarin 本溪 (Běnqī), Wade–Giles romanization: Pên³-chʻi¹.
Senses: examples: text: Output at the Pen-ch'i mine, which produced somewhat under 1 million tons annually during 1942-1944, was around 500,000 tons in 1949.
ref: 1956, Yuan-li Wu, An Economic Survey of Communist China, New York: Bookman Associates, →OCLC, page 284:
text: An-shan leads all other cities in China in steel production; Pen-ch'i is another important steel producer.
ref: 1973, Chiao-min Hsieh, ATLAS OF CHINA, McGraw-Hill, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 182:
text: Small-scale Chinese-owned factories were in evidence, but the principal modern industries were a network of Japanese-controlled producers' goods enterprises intended to furnish raw and semifinished materials to the Japanese economy. The Anshan and Pen-ch'i ironworks and the Fushun coal mines, large vertically integrated installations, were the most prominent among these units.
ref: 1977, Albert Feuerwerker, Economic Trends in the Republic of China, 1912-1949, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 23:
glosses: Synonym of Benxi.
synonyms: word: Benxi
wikipedia: Army Map Service
Encyclopædia Britannica
Frederick A. Praeger
JUPAS
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Acronym of Joint University Programmes Admissions System.
Ho-fei
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 合肥 (Héféi), Wade–Giles romanization: Ho²-fei².
Senses: examples: text: In 1926 he left the school and returned to Shanghai. The Northern Expedition (of the Nationalist Revolution) had already begun. Nieh was sent back to Anhui, to the town of Ho-fei.
ref: 1957, Edgar Snow, Random Notes on Red China, Harvard University Press, published 1968, →OCLC, →OL, page 134:
text: Han's camp was in the neighborhood of the modern Ho-fei in central Anhwei province, and his troops had a relatively easy march south and east to the north bank of the Yangtze opposite a point near the modern city of Wuhu.
ref: 1978, Arthur F. Wright, The Sui Dynasty, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 142–143:
text: HUANG Tê-kung 黃得功 (T. 滸山, 虎山), d. 1645, June 15, Ming loyalist general, was a native of Kʻai-yüan, (Liao-ning), to which place his ancestors had moved from Ho-fei, Anhwei.
ref: 2010, Arthur W. Hummel Sr., editor, Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912), volume 1, Global Oriental, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 348:
glosses: Alternative form of Hefei.
wikipedia: Army Map Service
Encyclopædia Britannica
non-ju
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Clipping of non-JUPAS.
non-JUPAS
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A university admission system for non-local qualifications.
glosses: Someone admitted to university outside the JUPAS system.
Derived terms: non-ju
non-JU
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of non-ju.
Kuang-tung
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 廣東 /广东 (Guǎngdōng) Wade–Giles romanization: Kuang³-tung¹.
Senses: examples: text: 42. The boat population of Canton, also called Tan-Ka otherwise Tan families,² is also known as Kün-lun slaves, and they are said to be connected with some native tribes in the north of the Kuang-tung province, consequently in proximity to the above Kün-lun mountains of Kuangsi.
ref: 1887, Terrien de Lacouperie, Formosa Notes of MSS., Races and Languages, volume 19, London: Trübner and Co., page 450:
text: We know that Italians were trading in the Black Sea ports, and the Arabs in the ports of southern China- in Fu-chien and Kuang-tung. Zayton (Ch'üan-chou in Fu-chien?) is mentioned by Marco Polo as 'the greatest port in the world'.
ref: 1966, Luce Boulnois, translated by Dennis Chamberlin, The Silk Road, London: George Allen & Unwin, →OCLC, →OL, page 208:
text: Were one to draw a profile of generalized altitudes of the landmass of Ling-nan and Kuei-chou Yun-nan in a southeast-northwest direction, the profile that emerges would represent a step-like formation from the sea to the Tibetan Plateau with five major "steps." The first would represent the Kuang-tung lowlands below about 1500-feet.
ref: 1967, Herold J. Wiens, Han Chinese Expansion in South China, Shoe String Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 11:
text: When Chinese from Fukien and Kuang-tung migrated to Taiwan, this warlike situation was obviously transplanted and was further aggravated by the even less efficient political control of the local government and the unique frontier conditions.
ref: 1981, Huang Shu-min, Agricultural Degradation Changing Community Systems in Rural Taiwan, University Press of America, →ISBN, page 92:
text: In the southern mountain region the mixed deciduous and evergreen broad-leafed forest were barely touched, and wild elephants and the rhinoceros roamed the malarial jungles of the province of Kuang-tung in the ninth century; but that was to change with migration from the north that reached a new momentum after the tenth century.
ref: 2003, Michael Williams, Deforesting the Earth : From Prehistory to Global Crisis, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 122, page 139:
glosses: Alternative form of Guangdong: A populous province of China, located on the southern coast
wikipedia: Encyclopædia Britannica
The Chicago Manual of Style
University of Chicago Press
Tromp
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Tromps
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch Tromp.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Dutch.
O-1
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: O-1s
Senses: examples: text: The O-1 visa is for individuals who have extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics, or who can demonstrate extraordinary achievements in the motion picture or media industry and have been recognized for those achievements. […] US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) stipulates that to qualify for an O-1 visa, the beneficiary must demonstrate extraordinary ability recognized nationally or internationally.
ref: 2025 July 24, “Work visas for the United States: price, requirements, duration, and how to apply”, in CNN en Español:
topics: law
glosses: A visa granted to temporary alien workers with exceptional abilities.
Derived terms: O-1A
O-1B
Sheherazade
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Scheherazade.
Pamirid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of or from Pamir
Ommen
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch Ommen.
Senses: glosses: A city and municipality of Overijssel, Netherlands.
Chien-shih
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 建始 (Jiànshǐ), Wade–Giles romanization: Chien⁴-shih³.
Senses: examples: text: Tea certificates were issued by the magistrates of the following localities: Ch'ien-shan and sixteen other hsien in Anhui; Shan-hua and sixteen other hsien in Hunan. In Hupeh, certificates were issued by the magistrate of Chien-shih to tea merchants. In Hsien-ning and six other chou and hsien, tea planters also received certificates to sell tea (Hu-pu tse-li, 32:4-5).
ref: 1962, T’ung-tsu Ch’ü, Local Government in China under the Ch'ing, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 299:
text: The head of an agricultural producers’ cooperative in Chien-shih county of Hupei Province lectured his peasant wife: “To gain emancipation, women must do production work just like men.”
ref: 1965 [1959], C. K. Yang, “Changing Family Economic Structure”, in Chinese Communist Society: The Family and The Village, The M.I.T. Press, →OCLC, page 153:
text: Most interesting of all is the association of five teeth of G. blacki with four molars of a smaller hominid primate (see below) in Dragon Bone cave, Chien-shih district, western Hupei Province (Hsu et al., 1974; "Gao dian," 1975).
ref: 1977, Harold E. Malde, “Geology in Chinese Anthropology”, in Paleoanthropology in the People's Republic of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 57:
glosses: Alternative form of Jianshi.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Chu-shan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 竹山 (Zhúshān), Wade–Giles romanization: Chu²-shan¹.
Senses: examples: text: I followed up the Ton-ho valley as far as Chu-shan, where I met Captain Mahon, and thence travelled along the overland trade route to Hing-an-Fu, on the Han river.
ref: 1905, C. C. Manifold, “The Problem of the Upper Yang-tze Provinces and their Communications”, in The Geographical Journal, volume 25, number 6, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 598:
text: From one of the turquois dealers in Si-ngan fu the information was given me that the turquoises traded there come from the prefecture of Yün-yang in Hu-pei Province, while another more especially point to the district of Chu-shan, situated in the same prefecture, as the place of production. The Imperial Geography (Ta Ts'ing i t'ung chi, Ch. 272),³ in the chapter dealing with Yün-yang fu, contains no allusion to this fact, and mentions in an enumeration of the mountains of the Chu-shan district only one producing stones, the Fan shi shan, deriving its name from the fan shi or alum formerly produced there.
ref: 1913, Berthold Laufer, Notes on Turquois in the East, Chicago, →OCLC, page 65:
text: As for the rice trade in Hupeh, it is noteworthy that in the early nineteenth century, rice from Chu-shan and Chu-hsi-two districts in hilly north-western Hupeh-was even demanded by Hsün-yang and Pai-ho in southern Shensi (28).
ref: 1977, Ts'ui-Jung Liu (劉翠溶), “十九世紀漢水流域的糧食貿易 [Notes on the Grain Trade in the Han River Area During the Nineteenth Century]”, in Proceedings of the National Science Council, volume 1, number 11, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 Jan 2021, page 137:
english: Notes on the Grain Trade in the Han River Area During the Nineteenth Century
translation: Notes on the Grain Trade in the Han River Area During the Nineteenth Century
glosses: Alternative form of Zhushan.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Chu-hsi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 竹溪 /竹谿 (Zhúxī) Wade–Giles romanization: Chu²-hsi¹.
Senses: examples: text: The 1829 edition of the history of Chu-hsi county, in the extreme northwest of Hupei, said that the overwhelming majority of the local population were immigrants, mostly from Shensi and Kiangsi and also from Honan, Chihli, and Shantung.
ref: 1959, Ping-ti Ho, Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953, Harvard University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 151:
text: As for the rice trade in Hupeh, it is noteworthy that in the early nineteenth century, rice from Chu-shan and Chu-hsi-two districts in hilly north-western Hupeh-was even demanded by Hsün-yang and Pai-ho in southern Shensi (28).
ref: 1977, Ts'ui-Jung Liu (劉翠溶), “十九世紀漢水流域的糧食貿易 [Notes on the Grain Trade in the Han River Area During the Nineteenth Century]”, in Proceedings of the National Science Council, volume 1, number 11, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 Jan 2021, page 137:
english: Notes on the Grain Trade in the Han River Area During the Nineteenth Century
translation: Notes on the Grain Trade in the Han River Area During the Nineteenth Century
text: About forty miles southeast of modern Chu-hsi 竹溪 County in Hupei (T'an Ch'i-hsiang, 1:17).
ref: 2006, Ssu-ma Ch'ien, edited by William H. Nienhauser, Jr., The Grand Scribe's Records,, volume V.1, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 385:
glosses: Alternative form of Zhuxi.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Ku-ch'eng
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 穀城 /谷城 (Gǔchéng), Wade–Giles romanization: Ku³-chʻêng².
Senses: examples: text: In 1897 Ku-ch'eng Hsien, a city lying some fourteen miles below Lao-ho-k'eo, was opened as an out-station, and an evangelist sent down for permanent work.
ref: 1903 March, Miss Black, “The Work at Lao-ho-k'eo.”, in China's Millions, volume XI, number 3, China Inland Mission, →OCLC, page 34, column 2:
text: Thus we hear of searches for Father Ts’ai in Pa-tung* County in southwest Hupeh,²⁷ and in Ku-ch’êng* and Hsiang-yang Counties in northern Hupeh.
ref: [1948, Bernward H. Willeke, Imperial Government and Catholic Missions in China during the Years 1784-1785 (Missiology Series), St. Bonaventure, N.Y.: Franciscan Institute Publications, Academy Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 122:
text: The people and army from the north entered the northern part of Hupeh (north of Hsiang-yang, Ku-ch'eng and Chu-shan) during the Ch'in and Han dynasties to engage in the work of reclamation.
ref: 1960, Economic Geography of Central China: Hupeh, Hunan, Kiangsi : Communist China, United States Joint Publications Research Service, →OCLC, page 51:
glosses: Alternative form of Gucheng.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
snow-shed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: snow-sheds
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of snow shed.
Tsao-yang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 棗陽 /枣阳 (Zǎoyáng), Wade–Giles romanization: Tsao³-yang².
Senses: examples: text: Of this story I will show you first one personage only, Chiang Te, known as Hsing-ko, of Tsao-yang in the prefecture of Hsiang-yang, in the province of Hu-kuang.
ref: 1959, Cyril Birch, transl., Stories from a Ming Collection, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 46:
text: Those on the northerly route reached Ning-shan on February 16th, were joined there by a surviving group of Shih Ta-k’ai’s expeditionary soldiers under Cheng Chung-ho, and on March 26th converged at Nei-hsiang as planned with Ma Jung-ho’s army from the southerly route. Ch’en Ta-hsi’s Nien army, which had returned to Honan in the spring of 1863, also came to Nei-hsiang soon thereafter, at which point the entire force proceeded to Tsao-yang in Hupeh.
ref: 1973, Jen Yu-wen, “Second Northern Expedition (1861-1868)”, in The Taiping Revolutionary Movement, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 473:
text: Ts'ai Lun lived for another thirteen years after his great invention. Intrigues at court then drove him to despair, and he committed suicide by swallowing poison. It is said that he first manufactured paper from fishing nets by the side of a pool near the town of Tsao-yang in Hupeh Province; and his art is hereditary among the people of that district.
ref: 1977, Marguerite Fawdry, Chinese Childhood, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 111:
text: Finally, in a state of exasperation, Ch'en hastily gathered up his money and, taking along a young servant, set off again [by boat] to Hsiang-yang. As he approached Tsao-yang, he was suddenly set upon by a band of robbers who made off with his entire capital and murdered his servant as well.
ref: 1986, Jeanne Kelly, transl., The Pearl Shirt Reencountered (Traditional Chinese Stories), Cheng & Tsui Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 285:
text: Late one night in Fancheng, the gatekeeper roused Ronning to tell him that bandits had taken the city of Tsao Yang (Zaoyang) to the northeast, wounding two missionaries in their attack....Driving on through the villages, they eventually reached Tsao Yang, only to find that the missionaries had been rescued and sent to the Hsiang yang hospital.
ref: [2013, Brian L. Evans, The Remarkable Chester Ronning: Proud Son of China, →ISBN, pages 58–59:
glosses: Alternative form of Zaoyang.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
I-tu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 宜都 (Yídū) Wade–Giles romanization: I²-tu¹.
Senses: examples: text: We passed the walled district city of I-tu, situated upon a small affluent called the Ching Chiang, or Clear River, which takes its rise in the province of Hu-Nan to the south.
ref: 1898, Archibald John Little, “Shanghai to Ichang”, in Through the Yang-tse Gorges, 3rd edition, Sampson Low, Marston & Company, →OCLC, page 33:
text: Owing to the many changes in the small staff, it was not till 1898 that settled out-stations were occupied. In 1917, there are fifteen of these, the chief being I-tu 宜都, about 30 miles from Ichang.
ref: 1917, Samuel Couling, “Church of Scotland Mission”, in The Encyclopedia Sinica, Kelly and Walsh, →OCLC, page 120:
text: According to the hagiography in the Ming gazetteer on Wu-tang Shan, Chang had a traditional classical upbringing as a child in I-tu 宜都 (Hupeh) and eventually entered the civil service.
ref: 1987, Judith M. Boltz, A Survey of Taoist Literature Tenth to Seventh Centuries, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 213:
glosses: Alternative form of Yidu, Hubei.
I-tu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 益都 Wade–Giles romanization: I⁴-tu¹.
Senses: examples: text: FÊNG Pʻu 馮溥 (T. 孔博, 易齋), 1609-1692, Jan.-Feb., official, was a native of I-tu, Shantung.
ref: 1943, Arthur W. Hummel Sr., editor, Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912), volume 1, page 243
glosses: Alternative form of Yidu, Shandong.
Chih-chiang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 枝江 (Zhījiāng), Wade–Giles romanization: Chih¹-chiang¹.
Senses: examples: text: Of the Wei family, he was born in 582 in Chih-chiang in Ching-chou.⁴² Wandering from temple to temple, he gave his efforts to helping the starving.
ref: 1967, Philip Yampolsky, “Introduction: Ch’an in the Eighth Century”, in The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 17:
text: As for dikes in Chih-chiang 枝江, although they were built on the sand banks of the Yangtze, there is no record for their length.
ref: 1970, Ts'ui-jung Liu, “DIKE CONSTRUCTION IN CHING-CHOU A Study Based on the "T'i-fang chih" Section of the Ching-chou fu-chih”, in Papers on China, volume 23, →OCLC, archived from the original on 03 Jun 2020, page 3:
text: We moored at Kuan-tzu Mouth,⁶⁷ which is between the two cities of Sung-tzu and Chih-chiang (modern Chih-chiang Hsien, Hupeh). Sung-tzu was a hsien under the Chin, and from there one enters the Shu River.⁶⁸ Chih-chiang was a hsien under the Tʻang, and anciently was the State of Lo.⁶⁹
ref: 1981, Lu Yu, translated by Chun-shu Chang and Joan Smythe, South China in the Twelfth Century: A Translation of Lu Yu's Travel Diaries, July 3 - December 6, 1170, Chinese University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 144:
text: As the boat glided along the river, they caught sight of the high mountains rising behind Chih-chiang.
ref: 1990, George Bishop, Travels in Imperial China, Cassell, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 126:
glosses: Alternative form of Zhijiang.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Enkhuizen
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch Enkhuizen.
Senses: glosses: A city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands.
Shakur
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Shakurs
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic شَكُور (šakūr, “thankful, grateful”). This surname is predominantly found in India.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Arabic.
glosses: A male given name from Arabic.
Raalte
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch Raalte.
Senses: glosses: A village and municipality of Overijssel, Netherlands.
Hsia-p'u
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 霞浦 (Xiápǔ) Wade–Giles romanization: Hsia²-pʻu³.
Senses: examples: text: Mu-lien was a pious Buddhist who attempted to save his mother from the punishments in hell, as we heard above (p. 25), and who, according to some traditions, eventually became Ti-tsang.⁷⁵ He, too, had several temples. In our survey, the oldest one was in Hsia-pʻu (Fukien), renamed with his name in 954, rebuilt in 972, and for the last time, in 1915. There was still another temple for him in Hsia-pʻu, but undated.
ref: 1967, Wolfram Eberhard, Guilt and Sin in Traditional China, University of California Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 58:
text: All his temples seem to be along rivers, while temples along the southeastern coast seem to be late (one in Hsia-p’u, Fukien, was built in 1866 (Hsia-p’u hsien-chih).
ref: 1968, Wolfram Eberhard, translated by Alide Eberhard, The Local Cultures of South and East China, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →OCLC, page 391:
text: A report on the practice of this custom in Hsia-p'u county in Fukien stated:
The daughters of poor families and miao-hsi are mostly pawned to others as slaves when they are 6 or 7 years old and an agreement is drawn up clearly stating that the time limit is 8 or 10 years and the price is more than 10 yüan or 4-5 yüan.
ref: 1973, The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia, numbers 9-12, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 33:
text: Thus the unendurable burden on the temples was lightened. For instance, the annual surtaxes of Buddhist temples' landholdings of Hsia-p'u county which had amounted to 515 taels in the late Ming dropped to 309 taels after Ch'ien-lung's edict, and to 229 taels soon afterwards.
ref: 1990, Eduard B. Vermeer, Development and Decline of Fukien Province in the 17th and 18th Centuries, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 97:
text: Nina had weakened to tropical depression strength when landfall was made at 221800Z, 30 nm (56 km) northwest of Hsia-p'u, China.
ref: 1995, Annual Tropical Cyclone Report 1981, Joint Typhoon Warning Center, →OCLC, page 51:
glosses: Alternative form of Xiapu.
wikipedia: Army Map Service
Pao-shan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 保山 (Bǎoshān) Wade–Giles romanization: Pao³-shan¹.
Senses: examples: text: The Yün-nan T'ung-chih, ch. 189, fols. 2a-5a, states that the P'u 獛 savages had a tail several inches long, and that they lived in nests in the mountains and forests. Their land adjoined the Ai-lao 哀牢, or the present Pao-shan 保山 of Yün-nan.
ref: 1947, Joseph F. Rock, The Ancient Na-khi Kingdom of Southwest China, volume 1, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 5:
text: Just as the Miao and the Yao had been pressed into Indo-China, the Yi were pushed out of the more eastern provinces of China by the slow advance of the Chinese. In Yunnan the Yi have moved generally toward the south. Up to the time of Mongol conquest in western Yunnan, the Yi had concentrated their population in Tali and Yungchang (now Pao-shan), (4) but today there are very few Yi living in these two districts. The most concentrated Yi population is to be fond in southernmost parts of Yunnan, the region inhabited by the Pai Yi.
ref: 1949, Chen Han-seng, Frontier Land Systems in Southernmost China, Institute of Pacific Relations, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 1–2:
text: Once across the Irrawaddy, the Chindits' operations went less smoothly, and in attempting a return to India the force had to use a prearranged method of breaking up into small groups. One of these groups went northward and came out via Fort Hertz; another went eastward and emerged at Pao-shan in Yunnan.
ref: 1953, Charles F. Romanus, Riley Sunderland, Stilwell's Mission to China, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 303–304:
text: Classified CCP documents come from the Party's highest levels and seem to be of considerable importance.[...]There is also the Political Work Bulletin from the 1970s which focuses on local problems, such as agricultural mechanization in a Kwangsi district and cultural works in a Pao-shan, Yunnan production team.
ref: 1976, Chinese Communist Materials at the Bureau of Investigation Archives, Taiwan, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 16:
glosses: Alternative form of Baoshan.
Pao-shan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 寶山 /宝山 (Bǎoshān) Wade-Giles romanization: Pao³-shan¹.
Senses: examples: text: The most cogent remarks are those which deal with the fact of the Tramway projectors having misrepresented the scheme when negociating for the purchase of the land,- with the non-inclusion of Pao-shan in the limits of the Treaty port of Shanghai,- and the illegality of making a railway in any country without the permission of the legislature.
ref: 1876, Frederic Henry Balfour, Waifs and Strays from the Far East, Trübner & Co., page 81:
text: Among the eight localities, Fo-shan district contains the urban center of Fo-shan, and Ch'uan-sha and Pao-shan both border upon Shanghai and are therefore subjected to urban influence, but the other localities are predominately rural in character.
ref: 1961, C. K. Yang, Religion in Chinese Society, University of California Press, page 10:
glosses: Alternative form of Baoshan.
swede midge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: swede midges
Etymology: Named after the swede, which is a host plant for the insect.
Senses: examples: text: The galls were first discovered in 2012 and attributed to infestation by the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer)...
ref: 2019 February 15, Boyd A. Mori et al., “A new species of Contarinia Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces flower galls on canola (Brassicaceae) in the Canadian prairies”, in Canadian Entomologist, volume 151, →DOI, pages 131–148:
glosses: Contarinia nasturtii, a gall midge pest of Brassicaceae.
swede midges
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of swede midge
Staphorst
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch Staphorst.
Senses: glosses: A village and municipality of Overijssel, Netherlands.
retroreflectivity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From retroreflective + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being retroreflective.
Related terms: retroreflection
retroreflector
sorghum midge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sorghum midges
Senses: examples: text: the sorghum midge and the clover midge make it nearly impossible to grow the seed of these plants in certain sections
ref: 1940, Ephraim Porter Felt, Plant Galls and Gall Makers, page 27:
glosses: Contarinia sorghicola, a gall midge pest of sorghum.
sorghum midges
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sorghum midge
Yen-ch'eng
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 鹽城 /盐城 (Yánchéng) Wade–Giles romanization: Yen²-chʻêng².
Senses: examples: text: Under the reorganization the branch mill was designated as Dah Sun Mill No. 2. In subsequent years Chang Chien had ambitious plans for further expansion. Eventually four Dah Sun mills were established, two in Nan-t'ung and one each in Ch'ung-ming and Hai-men, although plans for the founding of mills in Ju-kao, Tung-t'ai, Yen-ch'eng, and elsewhere in Kiangsu were never realized.
ref: 1965, Samuel C. Chu, Reformer in Mondern China Chang Chien, 1853-1926, Columbia University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 31:
text: Sources differ slightly on the location of the fifth branch. One report places this branch in Fou-ning, Kiangsu, headed by Ch'en I and Feng Ting. It was founded in September 1940 and originally situated in Yen-ch'eng.
ref: 1976, Jane L. Price, Cadres, Commanders, and Commissars, Westview Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 165:
text: The principal chien were Chia-hsing, Hsin-t'ing, Lin-p'ing and Lan-t'ing in the old kingdom of Wu south of the Yangtze and Yen-ch'eng and Hai-ling in the new Huai salines north of it.
ref: 1992, Samuel Adrian Miles Adshead, Salt and Civilization, St. Martin's Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 53:
glosses: Alternative form of Yancheng.
wikipedia: Defense Mapping Agency
Encyclopædia Britannica