cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
spruce
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: spro͞os
ipa: /spɹuːs/
ipa: /spɹʉs/
rhymes: -uːs
Forms: form: spruces
form: spruce
Etymology: From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses ("trim, neat" and "to make trim, neat") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.
Senses: glosses: Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions; originally and more fully spruce fir.
glosses: The wood of a spruce.
examples: text: That spruce table is beautiful!
glosses: Made of the wood of the spruce.
glosses: Prussian leather; pruce.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Picea mariana
word: black spruce
taxonomic: Picea pungens
word: blue spruce
taxonomic: Picea breweriana
word: Brewer's spruce
word: Colorado blue spruce
word: Colorado spruce
taxonomic: Picea pungens
word: Colorado green spruce
taxonomic: Picea jezoensis
word: dark-bark spruce
word: Engelmann spruce
taxonomic: Picea engelmannii
word: Engelmann's spruce
taxonomic: Picea abies
word: European spruce
taxonomic: Picea jezoensis
word: Ezo spruce
taxonomic: Picea pungens
word: green spruce
taxonomic: Picea jezoensis
word: Jezo spruce
taxonomic: Picea koyamae
word: Koyama's spruce
taxonomic: Picea abies
word: Norway spruce
taxonomic: Tsuga mertensiana
word: Patton's spruce
taxonomic: Picea rubens
word: red spruce
taxonomic: Picea omorika
word: Serbian spruce
taxonomic: Picea obovata
word: Siberian spruce
taxonomic: Picea engelmannii
word: silver spruce
word: Picea pungens)
taxonomic: Picea sitchensis
word: Sitka spruce
word: skunk spruce
taxonomic: Adelgidae spp.
word: spruce aphid
word: spruce beer
word: spruce cone
word: spruce grouse
alt: Dendrapagus canadensis
word: spruce hen
word: spruce gum
taxonomic: Pinus glabra
word: spruce pine
taxonomic: Spinus spinus
word: spruce siskin
word: spruce tip
taxonomic: Picea breweriana
word: weeping spruce
taxonomic: Choristoneura freemani
word: western spruce budworm
taxonomic: Picea glauca
word: white spruce
word: Yeddo spruce
taxonomic: Picea jezoensis
word: Yezo spruce
spruce
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: spro͞os
ipa: /spɹuːs/
ipa: /spɹʉs/
rhymes: -uːs
Forms: form: sprucer
form: sprucest
Etymology: From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses ("trim, neat" and "to make trim, neat") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.
Senses: examples: text: Hovv often vvould the Svvaines prepare their Morrice & their May / To haue a ſight of her, vvhen all enamoured vvent their vvay? / The ſprevvſeſt Citie-Lads for her vvould faine the Countrie-aire, / And that their prouder Girles had but adultrate beauties ſvvaire, […]
ref: 1606, William Warner, “The Sixteenth Booke. Chapter CI.”, in A Continuance of Albions England: […], London: […] Felix Kyngston [and Richard Bradock?] for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 399:
text: [A] baker's boy in a white apron and blue jumpers went by carrying a basket of bread on his head; and from the nearby tobacconist's, a spruce young lieutenant dressed in a black uniform emerged lighting a cigarette.
ref: 1916, Henry Beston, A Volunteer Poilu:
text: He had great neatness of person, and he continued to wear his spruce black coat and his bowler hat, always a little too small for him, in a dapper, jaunty manner.
ref: 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XXXI, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:
text: A spruce young lieutenant came over, saluted and clambered into the back of our jeep, and we were off.
ref: 1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth:
text: The two clean rooms, where chips are made, are sprucer than a hospital theatre.
ref: 2012 October 13, “Plessey returns: Chips with everything”, in The Economist, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Oct 2012:
glosses: Smart, trim, and elegant in appearance; fastidious (said of a person).
Synonyms: pulchritudinous
spruce
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: spro͞os
ipa: /spɹuːs/
ipa: /spɹʉs/
rhymes: -uːs
Forms: form: spruces
form: sprucing
form: spruced
form: spruced
Etymology: From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses ("trim, neat" and "to make trim, neat") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.
Senses: synonyms: prettify
neaten
titivate
glosses: To arrange neatly; tidy up.
glosses: To make oneself spruce (neat and elegant in appearance).
glosses: To tease.
Derived terms: spruce up
sprucen
off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒf/
ipa: /ɔːf/
enpr: ŏf
ipa: /ɔf/
ipa: /ɒf/
ipa: [ɔːf]
ipa: /ɑf/
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɒf
rhymes: (older Received Pronunciation, General American) -ɔːf
rhymes: (cot–caught merger) -ɑf
Forms: form: offs
form: offing
form: offed
form: offed
form: offn
Etymology: From Middle English of, from Old English of, af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“from, off, back”). Doublet of of.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots aff (“away, off”), Saterland Frisian oawe, ou (“from”), West Frisian ôf (“away, off”), Dutch af (“from, off”), German ab (“from, off”), German Low German, Luxembourgish of (“off”), Yiddish אָפּ (op, “off”), Danish, Icelandic af (“from, off”), Faroese, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk av (“off”), Swedish af, av (“off”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of, from”); and with Latin ab (“of, from, by”), Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from”), and others.
Senses: examples: text: Most sorely missed is the relationship between Eggsy and Colin Firth’s delightfully avuncular mentor figure Harry Hart, who was offed, seemingly definitively with a bullet to the brain towards its end.
ref: 2017 September 19, Gwilym Mumford, “Kingsman: The Golden Circle review – spy sequel reaches new heights of skyscraping silliness”, in the Guardian:
glosses: To kill.
examples: text: Can you off the light?
glosses: To switch off.
off
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒf/
ipa: /ɔːf/
enpr: ŏf
ipa: /ɔf/
ipa: /ɒf/
ipa: [ɔːf]
ipa: /ɑf/
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɒf
rhymes: (older Received Pronunciation, General American) -ɔːf
rhymes: (cot–caught merger) -ɑf
Forms: form: offn
Etymology: From Middle English of, from Old English of, af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“from, off, back”). Doublet of of.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots aff (“away, off”), Saterland Frisian oawe, ou (“from”), West Frisian ôf (“away, off”), Dutch af (“from, off”), German ab (“from, off”), German Low German, Luxembourgish of (“off”), Yiddish אָפּ (op, “off”), Danish, Icelandic af (“from, off”), Faroese, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk av (“off”), Swedish af, av (“off”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of, from”); and with Latin ab (“of, from, by”), Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from”), and others.
Senses: examples: text: He has been very obviously an untrustworthy narrator right from the off.
text: 2023 Royal Ascot suit ... are you ready for the off?(title)
ref: 2022 December 1, “2023 Royal Ascot suit ... are you ready for the off?”, in anthonyformalwear.co.uk, archived from the original on 24 Jan 2022:
qualifier: usually in phrases such as 'from the off'; 'at the off'; usually in phrases such as 'from the off'; 'at the off'
glosses: Beginning; starting point.
PEI
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: enpr: pē ē ī
ipa: /piː.iː.aɪ/
Forms: form: P.E.I.
form: P. E. I.
Senses: glosses: Initialism of Prince Edward Island: a province of Canada.
PEI
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: pē ē ī
ipa: /piː.iː.aɪ/
Forms: form: P.E.I.
form: P. E. I.
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of polyethyleneimine.
glosses: Initialism of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.
v-chip
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: v-chips
Etymology: Stands for violence chip, coined and devised by Tim Collings, promoted by the William Jefferson Clinton Administration.
Senses: topics: broadcasting
media
television
glosses: Any censorship technology that allows parents to control the level of objectionable content that their children may see on television.
censorship
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛnsəʃɪp/
ipa: /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/
Forms: form: censorships
Etymology: From censor + -ship.
Senses: examples: text: […] such a curious thing — it is the only thing left of the old censorship of the press."
ref: 1899, Arthur Christopher Benson, The life of Edward White Benson, sometime Archbishop of Canterbury: Volume 1:
text: During the war, but unrecorded because of the requirements of censorship, a link with the now partly-abandoned Cardiff Railway disappeared with the demolition of Rhydyfelin Viaduct, near Treforest, South Wales, in the latter part of 1942. The steelwork in this structure, amounting to nearly 1,150 tons, was salvaged as scrap metal to assist the war effort.
ref: 1946 January and February, “Notes and News: Demolition of Rhydyfelin Viaduct”, in Railway Magazine, page 52:
text: The Infantes had contacts among left-wing groups that opposed the dictatorial regime in Spain and their visibility in these circles was a serious concern for the censorship authorities […]
ref: 2012, Alejandro Herrero-Olaizola, Censorship Files, The: Latin American Writers and Franco's Spain:
glosses: The use of state or group power to control freedom of expression or press, such as passing laws to prevent undesirable media from being published or propagated.
glosses: The role of the censor (magistrate) in Ancient Rome.
Derived terms: anticensorship
corporate censorship
cosmic censorship
cosmic censorship hypothesis
cybercensorship
decensorship
noncensorship
precensorship
recensorship
self-censorship
semicensorship
uncensorship
Related terms: bleep censor
censor
censorware
bowdlerisation
media democracy
moral panic
media democracy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: media democracies
Senses: glosses: A system of government in which the populace votes but the media hold power through influence.
censorware
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From censor + -ware.
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Software or hardware used to filter content on the Internet or block Internet access or restrict the running of applications or computer usage, on the basis of content being regarded as objectionable.
angelus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: angeluses
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Angelus.
adagio
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈdɑːd͡ʒiəʊ/
ipa: /əˈdæd͡ʒiəʊ/
Forms: form: adagios
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian adagio.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A passage having this mark.
topics: dance
dancing
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A male-female duet or mixed trio ballet displaying demanding balance, spins and/or lifts.
adagio
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈdɑːd͡ʒiəʊ/
ipa: /əˈdæd͡ʒiəʊ/
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian adagio.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Played rather slowly.
adagio
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈdɑːd͡ʒiəʊ/
ipa: /əˈdæd͡ʒiəʊ/
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian adagio.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Describing a passage having this mark.
addendum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈdɛn.dəm/
ipa: /əˈden.dəm/
Forms: form: addenda
form: addendums
Etymology: From the gerundive of Latin addere (“to add”).
Senses: examples: text: An addendum was added to the contract to clarify payment terms.
text: The author included an addendum at the end of the book.
synonyms: addend
glosses: Something to be added; especially text added as an appendix or supplement to a document.
glosses: A postscript.
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The height by which the tooth of a gear projects beyond (outside for external, or inside for internal) the standard pitch circle or pitch line.
Related terms: delenda
adducer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: adducers
Etymology: From adduce + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who adduces.
adduction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈdʌk.ʃn̩/
ipa: /ˈeɪˈdiː.dʌk.ʃn̩/
Forms: form: adductions
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin adductio, adductionis, from adducō (“I bring to myself”), from ad + ducō (“I lead”). Compare French adduction. Equivalent to adduct + -ion or adduce + -tion. See adduce.
Senses: examples: text: an adduction of facts gathered from various quarters
ref: 1860, Isaac Taylor, “(please specify the page)”, in Ultimate Civilization and Other Essays, London: Bell and Daldy […], →OCLC:
glosses: The act of adducing or bringing forward.
examples: Coordinate term: circumduction
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
antonyms: abduction
glosses: The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis
Derived terms: hyperadduction
hypoadduction
underadduction
adductor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈdʌktɚ/
Forms: form: adductors
form: adductores
Etymology: From Latin adduco. Equivalent to adduct + -or.
Senses: examples: text: The adductor of the eye turns the eye toward the nose.
text: He has also shown that the adductor muscles of the dactyl are very strong and so arranged as to produce the effect , while the opposing muscles are slender
ref: 1908, Addison Emery Verrill, Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body—opposed to abductor.
Coordinate terms: abductor
Related terms: adduction
adductor hiatus
adductor longus
adenitis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ădənī'tĭs
ipa: /ædəˈnaɪtɪs/
Forms: form: adenitises
form: adenitides
Etymology: From adeno- + -itis.
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: Glandular inflammation.
Derived terms: dacryoadenitis
lymphadenitis
sebaceous adenitis
sialadenitis
Red Cross
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: ‘De Red Cross is doinʼ all dat kin be done otherwise fuh de sick and de ʼfflicted.’
ref: 1937, Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Virago Press (2018), page 193:
glosses: An international humanitarian organization that cares for the wounded, sick, and homeless.
raw_tags: with the
glosses: The symbol of this organization.
raw_tags: with the
glosses: An unincorporated community in Kentucky.
glosses: A town in North Carolina.
Related terms: Red Crescent
Red Magen David
patron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪ.tɹən/
rhymes: -eɪtɹən
Forms: form: patrons
Etymology: From Middle English patroun, patrone, from Old French patron, from Latin patrōnus, derived from pater (“father”). Doublet of padrone, Patronus, patroon, and pattern.
Senses: examples: text: patron of my life and liberty
ref: c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:
text: the patron of true holiness
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: Let him who works the client wrong beware the patron’s ire!
ref: 1834–1838 (date written), Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Virginia”, in Lays of Ancient Rome, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 154:
glosses: One who protects or supports; a defender or advocate.
examples: text: St. Joseph is the patron of many different places.
glosses: One who protects or supports; a defender or advocate.
A guardian or intercessor; synonym of patron saint.
glosses: An influential, wealthy person who supported an artist, craftsman, a scholar or a noble.
examples: text: This car park is for patrons only.
text: In our trial of the AOT, a transect was used to collect data about the languages being spoken by patrons of the NIE cafeteria during lunchtimes.
ref: 2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 4:
glosses: A customer, as of a certain store or restaurant.
topics: law
glosses: A protector of a dependent, especially a master who had freed a slave but still retained some paternal rights.
topics: ecclesiastical
lifestyle
religion
glosses: One who has gift and disposition of a benefice.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A padrone.
examples: text: Half-a-dozen little boys carried it to the inn, where I had to explain to the patron, in my best Spanish, that we wanted a carriage to go to the baths, seven leagues off.
ref: 1879, Annie Allnutt Brassey, A Voyage in the "Sunbeam", page 170:
text: [...] would obtain permission from the West India Company to settle in certain areas in the New World and cultivate the land. Sometimes absentee patrons would give the colony to a group of interested persons and the patrons would finance ...
ref: 1992, Eric O. Ayisi, St. Eustatius, Treasure Island of the Caribbean:
glosses: A property owner, a landlord, a master. (Compare patroon.)
Derived terms: copatron
enpatron
impatronize
micropatron
nonpatron
patronage
patrondom
patroness
patronize
patronise
patronless
patronlike
patronly
patron saint
patronship
playtron
Related terms: pattern
sponsor
patron
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪ.tɹən/
rhymes: -eɪtɹən
Forms: form: patrons
form: patroning
form: patroned
form: patroned
Etymology: From Middle English patroun, patrone, from Old French patron, from Latin patrōnus, derived from pater (“father”). Doublet of padrone, Patronus, patroon, and pattern.
Senses: examples: text: a good cause needs not to be patroned by passion
ref: 1642, [Thomas Browne], “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC:
glosses: To be a patron of; to patronize; to favour.
glosses: To treat as a patron.
vase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɑːz/
ipa: /vɔːz/
rhymes: -ɑːz
ipa: /veɪs/
ipa: /veɪz/
ipa: /vɑz/
ipa: /vɔz/
ipa: /vɐːz/
ipa: /væes/
ipa: [veːz]
ipa: [väːz]
ipa: [vaz]
ipa: [-s]
ipa: [vɒːz]
rhymes: -eɪs
Forms: form: vases
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French vase, from Latin vās. Doublet of vas.
Senses: examples: text: a vase of flowers
glosses: An upright open container used mainly for displaying fresh, dried, or artificial flowers.
topics: architecture
glosses: The body of the Corinthian capital.
Derived terms: celery vase
dirty trick vase
lachrymal vase
lacrimal vase
ming vase
name vase
spill vase
stirrup vase
vase breath
vase clock
vaseful
vaseless
vaselike
vase
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɑːz/
ipa: /vɔːz/
rhymes: -ɑːz
ipa: /veɪs/
ipa: /veɪz/
ipa: /vɑz/
ipa: /vɔz/
ipa: /vɐːz/
ipa: /væes/
ipa: [veːz]
ipa: [väːz]
ipa: [vaz]
ipa: [-s]
ipa: [vɒːz]
rhymes: -eɪs
Forms: form: vases
form: vasing
form: vased
form: vased
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French vase, from Latin vās. Doublet of vas.
Senses: examples: text: She bought only pastel pencils and vased them in cups, great wooden bouquets in mugs on nightstands and kitchen chairs.
ref: 2009, Emily Bobo, Marvin Bell, Fugue, page 21:
text: After she'd finished, she picked a bouquet of wildflowers and vased them in an old mason jar. That seemed a fitting centerpiece for the table.
ref: 2021, Christine DePetrillo, Wolf Love, page 172:
glosses: To place in a vase or similar container.
amicus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈæm.ɪ.kəs/
/əˈmi.kəs/
Forms: form: amici
Etymology: Abbreviation of amicus curiae.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: Someone not a party to a case who submits a brief and/or presents oral argument in that case.
Synonyms: word: amicus curiae
eject
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ĭ-jĕktʹ
ipa: /ɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
enpr: ēʹjĕkt
ipa: /ˈiː.d͡ʒɛkt/
rhymes: -iːdʒɛkt
enpr: ĭ-jĕktʹ
ipa: /ɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
Forms: form: ejects
Etymology: From Latin ēiectum (“(that which is) thrown out”), from ēiciō (“to throw out”) (see Etymology 1). Coined by W. K. Clifford by analogy with subject and object.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: an inferred object of someone else's consciousness
seis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sei
über
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: I'm wearing baggy jeans, an oversize sweatshirt and a straw hat sprouting a straw daisy. I'm hideous. An über eyesore.
ref: 2002 May 19, Paula Ganzi Licata, “An Accidental Gardener Dresses the Part”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 May 2015:
text: The premise: Mankind’s survival is tethered to an über mother figure.
ref: 2010 February 28, Betsy Sharkey, “In James Cameron’s worlds, women lead the charge”, in Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, Calif.: Los Angeles Times Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 02 Nov 2019:
text: His version of masculinity is a parody of an über male (complete with the goose-steppy authoritarian umlaut).
ref: 2019 January 3, Gene Weingarten, “President Trump: The new Mae West? Let us explain.”, in The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 03 Jan 2019:
glosses: Alternative form of uber.
über
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: I can't tell you how frustrated we get when we see Transgressive being described as an über hip or trendy label.
ref: 2006 September 27, Alexia Loundras, quoting Toby L, “Record Label Profile: Transgressive”, in The Independent, London: Independent News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 Mar 2017:
text: It's a stupid, talentless competition which is über camp so they send Jedward.
ref: 2012 June 8, Small Talk, quoting Graeme Swann, “Graeme Swann: 'I've got beautiful knees'”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 05 May 2021:
text: For the über adventurous, individual tent sites are available.
ref: 2014 June 13, Ryan Ritchie, “Cachuma Lake Recreation Area in Santa Barbara fits your camping style”, in Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, Calif.: Los Angeles Times Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 Jun 2014:
glosses: Alternative form of uber.
sub
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: sŭb
ipa: /sʌb/
ipa: /sʊb/
rhymes: -ʌb
Forms: form: subs
form: subbing
form: subbed
form: subbed
Etymology: * Shortened form of any of various words beginning with sub-.
Senses: glosses: To substitute for.
glosses: To work as a substitute teacher, especially in primary and secondary education.
examples: text: He never really made a contribution to the match, so it was no surprise when he was subbed at half time.
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: To replace (a player) with a substitute.
examples: text: He was subbed on half way through the second half, and scored within minutes.
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: To bring on (a player) as a substitute.
raw_tags: as "sub on"
glosses: To perform the work of a subeditor or copy editor; to subedit.
glosses: To subtitle (usually a film or television program).
examples: text: I kept up the pleasantries as we were drying our hands and, realizing I didn't have any change for the lodger, I asked him, one drummer to another like, if he could sub me a quid for the dish.
ref: 2011, Rowland Rivron, What the F*** Did I Do Last Night?:
glosses: To lend (a person) money.
glosses: To subscribe.
examples: text: You've never subbed before. Jessica will be expecting a man on stage that follows orders and enjoys what she's going to be doing. Do you want to be spanked? Possibly whipped?
ref: 2012, Alicia White, Jessica's Breakdown, page 53:
text: Wasn't like she'd never subbed before. She'd been a sub longer than she'd been a Dominatrix–ten years she'd spent in a collar.
ref: 2012, Tiffany Reisz, Little Red Riding Crop:
topics: BDSM
lifestyle
sexuality
glosses: To take a submissive role.
Derived terms: fansub
Related terms: english: one who is willing to take either a sadistic or a masochistic role
translation: one who is willing to take either a sadistic or a masochistic role
word: switch
sub
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: enpr: sŭb
ipa: /sʌb/
ipa: /sʊb/
rhymes: -ʌb
Etymology: From Latin sub.
Senses: glosses: Under.
sub
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: sŭb
ipa: /sʌb/
ipa: /sʊb/
rhymes: -ʌb
Forms: form: subs
form: subbing
form: subbed
form: subbed
Etymology: From Latin sub.
Senses: glosses: To coat with a layer of adhering material; to planarize by means of such a coating.
examples: 1997, Marina A. Lynch, S. M. O'Mara (editors), Ali D. Hames, D. Rickwood (series editors), Neuroscience Labfax, page 166,
Ensure that gloves are worn when handling subbed slides. Although the following protocol describes subbing with gelatin, slides may also be coated with either 3-(triethoxysilyl-)propylamine (TESPA) or poly-L-lysine for in situ hybridization.
qualifier: microscopy
glosses: To prepare (a slide) with a layer of transparent substance to support and/or fix the sample.
Related terms: blood sub
D-sub
dye-sub
Italian sub
Italian sub sandwich
pizza sub
pizza sub sandwich
pub-sub
semper ubi sub ubi
soft-sub
soft sub
stone sub
sub atomic
sub bench
sub clover
sub fusc
sub in
sub judice
sub modo
sub nom.
sub out
sub sandwich
sub silencio
sub specie aeterni
sub tender
sub voce
atap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ataps
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of attap.
gato
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: gä′-tō
ipa: /ˈɡɑ.toʊ/
enpr: gă′-tō
ipa: /ˈɡæ.toʊ/
Forms: form: gatos
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish gato. Doublet of cat.
Senses: qualifier: term of endearment
glosses: cat, kitty
hic
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /hɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
homophone: hick
Etymology: Onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: "This wine - hic! - tasted good."
glosses: An approximation to the sound of a hiccup, used e.g. to indicate drunkenness.
Related terms: hic et nunc
hic jacet
German Empire
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the German Empire
Senses: synonyms: Second Reich
hypernyms: Germany
coordinate_terms: German Reich
glosses: A former German empire and country that existed between 1871 and 1918. Capital: Berlin.
Related terms: Countries of the world
adjuration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: adjurations
Etymology: From Latin adiuratio.
Senses: examples: text: The visitor, observing that she held the door on the inside, and that, when the uncle tried to open it, there was a sharp adjuration of 'Don't, stupid!' and an appearance of loose stocking and flannel, concluded that the young lady was in an undress.
ref: 1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:
glosses: A grave warning.
glosses: A solemn oath.
Related terms: adjure
Abkhazian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /æbˈkeɪ.zi.ən/
other: /æbˈkeɪ.ʒən/
ipa: /æbˈkeɪ.ʒi.ən/
other: /æbˈkɑ.ʒi.ən/
other: /æbˈkɑ.zi.ən/
Forms: form: Abkhasian
Etymology: From Abkhazia + -n.
Senses: synonyms: Abkhaz
Abkhas
glosses: Of or pertaining to Abkhazia, a disputed territory in Georgia.
glosses: Of or pertaining to the Abkhaz language.
Abkhazian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æbˈkeɪ.zi.ən/
other: /æbˈkeɪ.ʒən/
ipa: /æbˈkeɪ.ʒi.ən/
other: /æbˈkɑ.ʒi.ən/
other: /æbˈkɑ.zi.ən/
Forms: form: Abkhazians
form: Abkhasian
Etymology: From Abkhazia + -n.
Senses: synonyms: Abkhaz
Abkhas
glosses: A native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, a region in the Caucasus.
Abkhazian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /æbˈkeɪ.zi.ən/
other: /æbˈkeɪ.ʒən/
ipa: /æbˈkeɪ.ʒi.ən/
other: /æbˈkɑ.ʒi.ən/
other: /æbˈkɑ.zi.ən/
Forms: form: Abkhasian
Etymology: From Abkhazia + -n.
Senses: synonyms: Abkhaz
Abkhas
glosses: The Abkhaz language, spoken in Abkhazia, a region in the Caucasus.
Related terms: urls: https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/abk
word: ab
alt: SIL
urls: https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/abk
word: abk
word: abk ⁠
Dutch treat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Dutch treats
Etymology: From Dutch (“inferior, a poor substitute”) + treat.
Senses: glosses: An occasion, such as a restaurant visit, in which everyone pays the bill for their own expenses.
Related terms: go Dutch
adoration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: adorations
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French adoration, from Latin adōrātiō, adōrātiōnem (“worship, adoration”), from adōrō (“beseech; adore, worship”), from ad (“to, towards”) + ōrō (“beg”).
From adore + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: We incessantly look forward, and endeavour, by prayers, adoration, and sacrifice, to appease those unknown powers, whom we find, by experience, so able to afflict and oppress us.
ref: a. 1779, David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion:
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: An act of religious worship.
examples: text: […] if she can create the sense of beauty in people whose lives have been sordid and ugly...she is worthy of all your adoration, worthy of the adoration of the world.
ref: 1891, Oscar Wilde, “Chapter 5”, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London; New York, N.Y.; Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:
glosses: Admiration or esteem.
examples: text: He adored Sorais quite as earnestly as Sir Henry adored Nyleptha, and his adoration had not altogether prospered.
ref: 1887, H[enry] Rider Haggard, chapter XVI, in Allan Quatermain:
glosses: The act of adoring; loving devotion or fascination.
glosses: The selection of a pope by acclamation and before any formal ballot (excluded as a voting method in 1621 by Pope Gregory XV).
topics: Christianity
glosses: Worship of Christ in the Eucharistic host in the Catholic Church, often while exposed in a monstrance.
Derived terms: coadoration
overadoration
Related terms: adorational
pontificate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ə.kət/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
Forms: form: pontificates
Etymology: From Latin pontificatus, from pontifex (“high priest”), from pons (“bridge”) + facere (“make”).
Senses: glosses: The status or term of office of a pontiff or pontifex.
pontificate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ə.kət/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
ipa: /pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.keɪt/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ə.keɪt/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ɪ.keɪt/
ipa: /pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ə.kət/
ipa: /pɔnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
Forms: form: pontificates
form: pontificating
form: pontificated
form: pontificated
Etymology: From the past participle stem of mediaeval Latin pontificare (“pontificate”), from Latin pontifex (“high priest”), from pons (“bridge”) + facere (“make”).
Senses: glosses: To preside as a bishop, especially at mass.
glosses: To act like a pontiff; to express one's position or opinions dogmatically and pompously as if they were absolutely correct.
examples: text: During a policy discussion awhile^([sic]) back about New York issues, when Mr. Clinton began to pontificate, she told him that he did not exactly know what he was talking about and to hush up.
ref: 2007 May 13, Patrick Healy, “In New Role, Senator Clinton’s Strategist in Chief”, in New York Times:
text: "Do you hear that, Ryan? Your mommy is being a pontificating windbag."
ref: 2014 January 16, Jocelyn Samara D., Rain (webcomic), Comic 482 - Blood:
glosses: To speak in a patronizing, supercilious or pompous manner, especially at length.
Derived terms: pontificatingly
pontificator
pontifex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɒn.təˌfɛks/
ipa: /ˈpɒn.tɪˌfɛks/
Forms: form: pontifices
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin pontifex. Doublet of pontiff.
Senses: examples: text: Every traditional civilization is characterized by the presence of beings who […] embody within the temporal order the living and efficacious presence of a power that comes from above. One of these types of beings is the pontifex, according to the inner meaning of the word and according to the original value of the function that he exercised.
ref: 1995, Julius Evola, “Regality”, in Guido Stucco, transl., Revolt against the Modern World, Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International, translation of Rivolta contro il mondo moderno, →ISBN, page 7:
glosses: A pontiff, state minister, or high priest, in Ancient Rome.
brave
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: brāv
ipa: /bɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: braves
Etymology: From Middle French brave, borrowed from Italian bravo, itself of uncertain origin (see there). Doublet of bravo.
Senses: glosses: A Native American warrior.
examples: text: Hot Braves, like thee, may fight; but know not well / To manage this, the laſt great Stake of Hell.
ref: 1674 (date written), John Dryden, The State of Innocence, and Fall of Man: An Opera. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1677, →OCLC, Act I, page 6:
text: In no other land, in modern times, have towns so absolutely died and disappeared, as in the old mining regions of California. […] For, observe, it was an assemblage of two hundred thousand young men—not simpering, dainty, kid-gloved weaklings, but stalwart, muscular, dauntless young braves, brimful of push and energy, and royally endowed with every attribute that goes to make up a peerless and magnificent manhood—the very pick and choice of the world's glorious ones.
ref: 1870–1871 (date written), Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “”, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, →OCLC, pages 414–415:
glosses: A man daring beyond discretion; a bully.
examples: text: Demetrius, thou dost overween in all; / And so in this, to bear me down with braves.
ref: c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
glosses: A challenge; a defiance; bravado.
brave
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: brāv
ipa: /bɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: braves
form: braving
form: braved
form: braved
Etymology: From Middle French braver, from brave.
Senses: examples: text: For Cassius is aweary of the world;
Hated by one he loves; braved by his brother;
Checked like a bondman; all his faults observed,
Set in a notebook, learned, and conned by rote,
To cast into my teeth.
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
text: The ills of Love, not those of Fate, I fear,
These I can brave, but those I cannot bear […]
ref: 1665 (first performance), John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, or, The Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for H[enry] Herringman […], published 1667, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
text: […] but they [Parliament] never will be braved into it.
ref: 1773, A Farmer, Rivington's New-York Gazetteer, Number 53, December 2
text: After braving tricks on the high-dive, he braved a jump off the first diving platform.
glosses: To encounter with courage and fortitude, to defy, to provoke.
examples: text: Face not me. Thou hast braved many men; brave
not me. I will neither be faced nor braved.
ref: c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
glosses: To adorn; to make fine or showy.
Derived terms: brave out
braver
outbrave
Related terms: bravado
bravery
bravery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹeɪ.və.ɹi/
ipa: /ˈbɹeɪv.ɹi/
rhymes: -eɪvəɹi
rhymes: -eɪvɹi
Forms: form: braveries
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French braverie, from braver (“to brave”), or Italian braveria, from bravare (“to brave”). By surface analysis, brave + -ery.
Senses: glosses: Being brave, courageousness.
examples: text: Such abundance must be laid out on superfluous recreations, buildings, ornaments, furniture, equipage, attendants, entertainments, visitations, braveries, and a world of need-nots […]
ref: 2007, Baxter's Practical Works, Volume 1: A Sum of Practical Theology, and Cases ...:
glosses: A brave act.
examples: text: Why didst thou promise such a beauteous day,
And make me travel forth without my cloak,
To let base clouds o'ertake me in my way,
Hiding thy brav'ry in their rotten smoke?
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 34”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
text: In that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round tires like the moon
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 3:18:
glosses: Splendor, magnificence.
Synonyms: sense: being brave
word: bravehood
word: braveness
word: courageousness
word: fearlessness
word: courage
word: pluck
word: valor
Derived terms: overbravery
Related terms: bravado
brave
bravure
converse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈvɜːs/
enpr: kənvûrs'
ipa: /kənˈvɝs/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
Forms: form: converses
form: conversing
form: conversed
form: conversed
Etymology: From Old French converser, from Latin conversor (“live, have dealings with”).
Senses: examples: text: Companions[…]
That do converse and waste the time together.
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
text: We had conversed so often on that subject.
ref: 1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC:
synonyms: word: conversate
word: convo
word: discourse
glosses: To talk; to engage in conversation.
examples: text: To seek the distant hills, and there converse
With nature.
ref: a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:
text: But to converse with heaven — This is not easy.
ref: 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion:
text: Conversing with the world, we use the world's fashions.
ref: 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:
glosses: To keep company; to hold intimate intercourse; to commune.
raw_tags: followed by with
examples: text: according as the objects they converse with afford greater or less variety
ref: 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To have knowledge of something, from long talk or study.
Derived terms: conversable
conversancy
conversation
converseness
conversible
converse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈvɜːs/
enpr: kənvûrs'
ipa: /kənˈvɝs/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
Etymology: From Old French converser, from Latin conversor (“live, have dealings with”).
Senses: examples: text: Twice ere the sun descends, with zeal inspir'd, / From the vain converse of the world retir'd, / She reads the psalms and chapters for the day […]
ref: 1727, [Edward Young], “Satire V. On Women.”, in Love of Fame, the Universal Passion. In Seven Characteristical Satires, 4th edition, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson […], published 1741, →OCLC:
text: [R]eturn to thy maſter, and tell him, e'er vve liquidate our differences by the ſvvord, Manfred vvould hold ſome converſe vvith him.
ref: 1764 December 24 (indicated as 1765), Onuphrio Muralto, translated by William Marshal [pseudonyms; Horace Walpole], chapter III, in The Castle of Otranto, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Lownds […], →OCLC, page 93:
text: She had around her gay converse, in which she had no share; and laughter, in which she was little tempted to join.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVI, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 177:
text: In a first-class carriage of a train speeding Balkanward across the flat, green Hungarian plain, two Britons sat in friendly, fitful converse.
ref: 1919, Saki [pseudonym; Hector Hugh Munro], “The Disappearance of Crispina Umerleigh”, in R[othay] R[eynolds], editor, The Toys of Peace and Other Papers. […], London: John Lane, The Bodley Head […], →OCLC:
text: [S]uch was the aberration of mind attending converse with a successful draper.
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 26:
glosses: Free verbal interchange of thoughts or views; conversation; chat.
converse
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈvɜːs/
enpr: kənvûrs'
ipa: /kənˈvɝs/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
ipa: /ˈkɒnvɜːs/
enpr: kŏn'vûrs
ipa: /ˈkɑnvɝs/
ipa: /kənˈvɜːs/
enpr: kənvûrs'
ipa: /kənˈvɝs/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
Etymology: From Latin conversus (“turned around”), past participle of converto (“turn about”).
Senses: examples: text: a converse proposition
glosses: Opposite; reversed in order or relation; reciprocal.
converse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈvɜːs/
enpr: kənvûrs'
ipa: /kənˈvɝs/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
ipa: /ˈkɒnvɜːs/
enpr: kŏn'vûrs
ipa: /ˈkɑnvɝs/
ipa: /kənˈvɜːs/
enpr: kənvûrs'
ipa: /kənˈvɝs/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
Forms: form: converses
Etymology: From Latin conversus (“turned around”), past participle of converto (“turn about”).
Senses: glosses: The opposite or reverse.
examples: text: All trout are fish, but the converse, that all fish are trout, is not true.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of a proposition or theorem consisting of a statement of the form "If A is true, then B is true", the statement "If B is true, then A is true" which need not be equivalent to the first one.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
semantics
glosses: One of a pair of terms that name or describe a relationship from opposite perspectives; converse antonym; relational antonym.
topics: graph-theory
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Synonym of transpose.
synonyms: word: transpose
Derived terms: conversely
much
Language: English
Part of speech: det
Pronunciation: ipa: /mʌt͡ʃ/
ipa: /mʊt͡ʃ/
ipa: /mʌt͡ʃ/
ipa: /mʌt͡ʃ/
ipa: /mʊt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ʌtʃ (Southern England, US, Canada)
Forms: form: more
form: most
Etymology: From Middle English muche (“much, great”), apocopated variant of muchel (“much, great”), from Old English myċel, miċel (“big, much”), from Proto-West Germanic *mikil, from Proto-Germanic *mikilaz (“great, many, much”), from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (“big, stour, great”). See also mickle, muckle.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots mickle, mukill, mekil, mikil (“big, large, great, much”), Middle Dutch mēkel (“great, many, much”), Middle High German michel ("great, many, much"; > German michel (“great, big, large”)), Norwegian Bokmål mye (“much”), Norwegian Nynorsk mykje (“much”), Swedish mycket (“much”), Danish meget (“much”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils, “great, many”), Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “large, great”), Modern Greek μεγάλος (megálos, “large, great”).
Note that English much is not related to Spanish mucho, and their resemblance in both form and meaning is purely coincidental, as mucho derives from Latin multus and is not related to the Germanic forms. Instead, related to Spanish maño.
Senses: examples: text: Do you think I have much chance of catching the train on time?
text: After much discussion, we decided to set about the task with much enthusiasm.
text: Much of literature is concerned with stylistics.
text: As it was, he did nothing with much zeal, but sport; and his time was otherwise trifled away, without benefit from books or anything else.
ref: 1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=III or IV), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:
text: Unless matters take a nastier turn, neither side has much incentive to compromise.
ref: 2011 February 24, “Wisconsin and wider”, in The Economist:
glosses: A large amount of.
examples: text: Add this much water and no more.
text: Take as much time as you like.
qualifier: 'this much'
glosses: Used to indicate, demonstrate or compare the quantity of something.
raw_tags: in combinations such as 'as much'
examples: text: ye shall not nede to seke hym soo ferre sayd the Kynge / for as I here saye sir Launcelot will abyde me and yow in the Ioyous gard / and moche peple draweth vnto hym as I here saye
ref: 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter X, in Le Morte Darthur, book XX:
text: When Jesus was come downe from the mountayne, moch people folowed him.
ref: 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:
text: There wasn't much people about that day.
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:
glosses: A great number of; many (people).
examples: text: They got so much things to say right now, they got so much things to say.
ref: 1977, Bob Marley, “So Much Things to Say”:
qualifier: African-American
glosses: many ( + plural countable noun).
Synonyms: word: a great deal of
word: a lot of
Related terms: how much
too much