cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
artivist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: artivists
Etymology: Blend of art + activist
Senses: glosses: A person who engages in artivism.
Related terms: ecoteur
hacktivist
artivist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Blend of art + activist
Senses: examples: text: Compared to […], the New York-based collective known as Queers for the Climate more explicitly articulates an environmentalist agenda. In this section, I examine three of the "artivist" performances associated with the collective: a viral campaign centered around the hashtag "It Gets Wetter," a short quasi-documentary titled "Climate Change Ground Zero: Fire Island Pines," and a series of memes.
ref: 2018, Nicole Seymour, Bad Environmentalism, page 140:
glosses: Of or relating to artivism
hacktivist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hacktivists
form: hactivist
Etymology: Blend of hack + activist, a portmanteau coined in 1994 by a member of the Cult of the Dead Cow hacker collective.
Senses: examples: text: One type of badvocate, sometimes identified as a troll, is a hacktivist..
ref: 2014, Deborah Gonzalez, Managing Online Risk: Apps, Mobile, and Social Media Security, page 66:
text: However, there remain many cybersecurity concerns about the railways. For example, and perhaps more pertinently, 'hacktivists' - hackers with a political rather than a financial motive - in Belarus were reported to have taken breached computers that control rail movements in the country in an effort to delay Russian supplies to their front line in the early stages of the war against Ukraine.
ref: 2023 March 22, Christian Wolmar, “Cybersecurity concerns highlight a range of potential risks”, in RAIL, number 979, pages 32–33:
glosses: A person who engages in hacktivism.
wikipedia: Cult of the Dead Cow
Related terms: hacker
artivist
ecoteur
artivism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Blend of art + activism
Senses: glosses: The practice of promoting a political agenda through acts considered to be art, such as the defacing of advertisements.
Related terms: artivist
ecotage
hacktivism
subvertising
lay waste
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: lays waste
form: laying waste
form: laid waste
form: laid waste
Senses: examples: text: When she recovered from a bad illness that she had, she laid the whole place waste, as you have seen it, and she has never since looked upon the light of day.
ref: 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter III, in Great Expectations […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC, page 43:
text: Thirsting for revenge, his troops stormed the fortress of Kazan on the upper Volga in 1553, slaughtering the defenders just as the Mongols had done when they laid waste Russia's great cities.
ref: 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 16:
text: In addition to racking up what looks like a substantial offscreen body count, the movie at one point offers an eight-second introduction for a sleazy used-car salesman character for the sole purpose of justifying Tripp and Creech laying waste to his inventory.
ref: 2017 January 12, Jesse Hassenger, “A literal monster truck is far from the stupidest thing about Monster Trucks”, in The Onion AV Club:
synonyms: word: devastate
word: ravage
word: destroy
word: annihilate
word: aerosolize
word: atomize
word: benothing
word: bewreck
word: blot out
word: blotto
word: dash
word: decompose
word: demolish
word: desolate
word: devastate
word: diffuse
word: disintegrate
word: disperse
word: dissolve
word: eliminate
word: eradicate
word: erase
word: exterminate
word: extinguish
word: extirpate
word: fuck
word: harry
word: jazz
word: lay waste
word: level
word: liquidate
word: nuke
word: obliterate
word: pull down
word: pulverize
word: race
word: raze
word: ravage
word: remove
word: ruin
word: stamp out
word: total
word: unbreed
word: unexist
word: unmake
word: uproot
word: waste
word: wipe out
word: wipe off
word: wreck
glosses: To completely destroy, especially of a geographical area or region.
lay waste
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past of lie waste
hacktivism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hactivism
Etymology: Blend of hack + activism, a portmanteau coined in 1994 by a member of the Cult of the Dead Cow hacker collective.
Senses: examples: text: Hacktivism is a form of activism for social change that appropriates computers and electronic networks for this purpose. Also called electronic civil disobedience, hacktivism is geared to political ends.
ref: 2010, Pramod K. Nayar, An Introduction to New Media and Cybercultures, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 102:
text: My aim will be to identify and highlight the potential problems of the existing approach that is followed when dealing with hacktivism and its impact on user rights, protesters, and overall cybersecurity.
ref: 2018, Vasileios Karagiannopoulos, Living With Hacktivism, Springer, →ISBN, page viii:
glosses: The practice of promoting a political agenda by hacking, especially by defacing or disabling websites.
wikipedia: Cult of the Dead Cow
Coordinate terms: artivism
clicktivism
cyberactivism
Derived terms: hacktivist
hacktivistic
Related terms: ecotage
lewis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈluːɪs/
Forms: form: lewises
Etymology: From Middle English lewis, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Old French lous, plural of lou, loup (“the name of a kind of siege engine”, literally “wolf”); or related to clevis.
Senses: synonyms: lewisson
glosses: A cramp iron inserted into a cavity in order to lift heavy stones; used as a symbol of strength in Freemasonry.
glosses: The son of a Freemason, envisaged as assisting his father in heavy work or in old age.
examples: text: After the preeming period, the lads are put either to the gig-machines, or to the lewises in the cutting or shearing-room.
ref: 1835, Andrew Ure, The philosophy of manufactures, page 203:
glosses: A kind of shears used in cropping woollen cloth.
kong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɒŋ/
ipa: /kɔŋ/
ipa: /kɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Forms: form: kongs
Etymology: Borrowed from Cantonese 槓 /杠 (gong³ / gung³).
Senses: topics: board-games
games
mahjong
synonyms: kan
quad
four-of-a-kind
glosses: A set of four identical tiles.
topics: board-games
games
mahjong
synonyms: kan
glosses: A call declaring the formation of such a set.
Coordinate terms: chow
pung
Related terms: kong bak pau
pete
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: petes
Senses: examples: text: He was on his way to Tyrone, where he intended to blow a “pete” in a general merchandise store […]
ref: 1929, Outlook and Independent, volume 152, page 640:
text: He told us that at one time he could blow a pete at one shot and never fail.
ref: 1933, Goat Laven, Rough Stuff: The Life Story of a Gangster, page 34:
glosses: Alternative form of peter (“a safe”).
kelly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kellies
Senses: glosses: A square or hexagonal pipe that is turned in order to rotate the rotary table of a drilling rig.
examples: text: Tumblers, tilters and kellys are those toys which have a circular base with a weighted end. They sway to and fro and are not knocked completely over. They derive from the East and have various names, but most represent stability in some form or another.
ref: 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 169:
glosses: A roly-poly (toy).
Derived terms: kelly bushing
kelly drive
kelly hose
kelly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: See kelly green.
Senses: examples: text: Today there is no color or fabric that is out for girl or teen chubbies. Plaids, big, bold block designs, dark or light grounds, heavy textured wools, fleeces and brilliant colors of red, kelly or green, odd or off shades of rust, lavender, and other colors in the fashion cycle are now adapted in designing. Designers themselves have learned that the chubby is more truly eager for a fashionable dress[…]
ref: 1947, Girls' and Teens' Merchandiser: The National Trade Magazine for the Girls' and Teens' Industrypage=31:
text: Heart's Desire—20 inch silk chiffon square—navy and shocking, grey and turquoise, brown and kelly, or green and violet, on white ground. $ 4.00 Matching contour belt […]
ref: 1953, Harold Wallace Ross, William Shawn, Tina Brown, David Remnick, Katharine Sergeant Angell White, Rea Irvin, Roger Angell, The New Yorker, page 58:
glosses: Kelly green.
Related terms: whip-tom-kelly
ecotage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈiːkəˌtɑːʒ/
Etymology: Blend of ecological + sabotage.
Senses: examples: text: Pro-conservation, pro-guns and extremely pro-booze, anti-mining, anti-tourism and extremely anti-dams, Hayduke appoints himself protector of the remaining desert regions of the American southwest, and becomes a pioneer in the art of "eco-tage", also known as "monkey wrenching" – using the tools of industry to demolish the infrastructure of industry in the name of the biosphere.
ref: 2009 September 25, Robert Macfarlane, “Robert Macfarlane on The Monkey Wrench Gang”, in The Guardian:
text: As Abbey notes, in denouncing terrorism but defending ecotage, ‘sabotage is violence against inanimate objects: machinery and property. Terrorism is violence against human beings. […]’ (Dowie 1996, p. 210).
ref: 2013, Elizabeth Bomberg, David Schlosberg, editors, Environmentalism in the United States: Changing Conceptions of Activism, Routledge, →ISBN:
text: Like Antifa groups, some environmental groups advocate violence or “ecotage” to protect the environment. Some ecotage advocates compare it to protection of minority rights among humans, only in this case, all plants and animals must be protected, sometimes, by violent or disruptive acts.
ref: 2018, Joel Spring, Global Impacts of the Western School Model: Corporatization, Alienation, Consumerism, Routledge, →ISBN:
synonyms: ecodefence
monkeywrenching
coordinate_terms: ecoterrorism
glosses: The commission of usually illegal acts of sabotage motivated by environmentalism.
Derived terms: ecoteur
ecoteur
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ecoteurs
Etymology: Blend of ecological + saboteur
Senses: glosses: A person who commits ecotage.
enfranchise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛnˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪz/
Forms: form: enfranchises
form: enfranchising
form: enfranchised
form: enfranchised
Etymology: From Old French enfranchir (“to set free, enfranchise”), from en- (“in”) + franchir (“to set free”), equivalent to en- + franchise.
Senses: glosses: To grant the franchise to an entity, specifically:
To grant the privilege of voting to a person or group of people.
glosses: To grant the franchise to an entity, specifically:
To grant municipal or parliamentary rights to an entity such as a city or constituency.
examples: text: Parental control had been so decisive in Louisa's case that marriage bonds had not hitherto enfranchised her from the former; she, therefore, at the proper time of light, appeared on the arm of Signor Riccardini, and laid her purse on the lap of her mother (who she knew had at least three hundred pounds in possession), at the risk of being deemed extravagant by her husband.
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XLVI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 288:
glosses: To grant the franchise to an entity, specifically:
To grant freedom from slavery, duty or servitude.
topics: law
property
glosses: to convert a copyhold estate into a freehold estate
Derived terms: enfranchisable
enfranchisement
enfranchiser
Related terms: franchise
disenfranchise
developing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈvɛl.ə.pɪŋ/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of develop
developing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈvɛl.ə.pɪŋ/
Senses: examples: a developing foetus
glosses: In the process of development.
glosses: Of a country: becoming economically more mature or advanced; becoming industrialized.
Derived terms: developing country
undeveloping
developing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈvɛl.ə.pɪŋ/
Forms: form: developings
Senses: examples: text: In the developings of an inscrutable Providence, the kingdoms of the earth have become embroiled, and who can say where the complication will terminate?
ref: 1854, John Campbell, editor, The Christian witness and church members' magazine:
glosses: A process of development.
subvertising
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Blend of subvert + advertising
Senses: glosses: The use of parodies of corporate and political advertisements in order to make an ironic statement.
Derived terms: subvert
Related terms: culture jamming
detachment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈtæt͡ʃmənt/
Forms: form: detachments
Etymology: From French détachement. By surface analysis, detach + -ment.
Senses: examples: text: But the horse has left his mark, for his successor is a mechanical horse designed to a large extent to copy the leading characteristics of the live horse; easy attachment to or detachment from its load, a small turning circle, a small appetite for petrol, but giving a much higher acceleration and speed, and so capable of much greater distances, so that fewer cartage units are required.
ref: 1944 November and December, T. F. Cameron, “Motor and Cartage Working”, in Railway Magazine, page 335:
glosses: The action of detaching; separation.
glosses: The state of being detached or disconnected; insulation.
glosses: Indifference to the concerns of others; disregard; nonchalance; aloofness.
glosses: Absence of bias; impartiality; objectivity.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: The separation of a military unit from the main body for a particular purpose or special mission.
examples: text: Vietnamese sovereignty over the Paracels dated back at least to the early 19th century, when Emperor Gia-Long sent a detachment to Hoang Sa Island, it remained until the establishment of French protectorate over Annam, when France assumed responsibility for the islands.
ref: 1958, A. V. H. Hartendorp, History of Industry and Trade of the Philippines: The Magsaysay Administration, →OCLC, page 218:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: The unit so dispatched.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A permanent unit organized for special duties.
glosses: Any smaller portion of a main body separately employed.
Derived terms: autodetachment
overdetachment
photodetachment
redetachment
semi-detachment
subdetachment
disappearance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/
Forms: form: disappearances
Etymology: From disappear + -ance.
Senses: examples: text: Wireless phone technology led to the disappearance of once-common coiled cords for telephone handsets.
glosses: The action of disappearing or vanishing.
examples: text: From the shore, they watched the disappearance of the ships' masts into the haze.
glosses: Passing out of sight.
examples: text: The prosecuting attorney was concerned about the potential disappearance of witnesses.
glosses: Leaving secretly of without explanation
examples: text: A single undoubted cure of a demonstrated cancer or sarcoma by this treatment would be enough to say definitely that the treatment exerts some specifically curative influence, for the spontaneous disappearance of undoubtedly malignant growths of this character is almost unknown.
ref: 1898, William B. Coley, “The Treatment of Inoperable Sarcoma with the Mixed Toxins of Erysipelas and Bacillus Prodigiosus”, in Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 31, American Medical Association, page 464:
glosses: Cessation of existence.
Derived terms: forced disappearance
redisappearance
franchise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪ̯z/
ipa: /ˈfɹænt͡ʃɪz/
Forms: form: franchises
form: franchising
form: franchised
form: franchised
Etymology: From Middle English franchisen, fraunchisen, from Old French franchir (stem franchiss-, “to set free”), from franc (“free”). More at frank.
Senses: examples: text: In a Commons Written Reply to Shadow Rail Minister Tan Dhesi, regarding any assessment of the impact on open access operators by the decision to move away from franchising […], Heaton-Harris highlighted that non-franchised operators run trains without a contractual relationship with Government.
ref: 2020 October 21, “Network News: No special agreements for open access operators”, in Rail, page 20:
glosses: To confer certain powers on; grant a franchise to; authorize.
glosses: To set free; invest with a franchise or privilege; enfranchise.
examples: text: The ad originators are planning to franchise the campaign to gay groups all across the country.
ref: 1974 April 13, “Lavender Line: Near Complete”, in Gay Community News, page 3:
text: This winter, there is a diverse buffet of movies for you to choose from. Most people order the widely franchised cheeseburger because of its biggie-sized portion, its reliably adequate flavor, and its bright, attractive packaging. Don’t get me wrong; on opening day, I’ll be sitting in the front row savoring the cheeseburgery deliciousness of “Quantum of Solace” and “Twilight.” But after the initial cinematic hunger subsides, the diner, like myself, who craves a heartier meal, will take a second trip through the buffet line and search for a meal with a more complex flavor and memorable substance.
ref: 2008 December, James Matney, “Raise your glasses in lactoast to independent films”, in The Vox (The Spokesman-Review), page 3, column 1:
glosses: To give to others the rights to sell or distribute (goods or services).
Derived terms: franchisability
franchisable
franchisor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: franchisors
Etymology: From franchise + -or.
Senses: glosses: A company which, or a person who, grants franchises.
Synonyms: franchiser
Derived terms: subfranchisor
disc jockey
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪsk ˈdʒɒki/
Forms: form: disc jockeys
form: discjockey
form: disk jockey
form: diskjockey
Etymology: Disc refers to the flat, circular shape of the traditional medium for recorded music. Jockey refers to a diminutive of jock, the Northern English or Scots colloquial equivalent of the first name John, which is also used generically for “boy, or fellow” (compare Jack, Dick), at least since 1529. So, disc jockey / DJ etymologically refers to a young person playing (discs holding) music.
Coined by journalist Walter Winchell in 1935 to describe Martin Block. Appeared in print in Variety in 1941.
Previously also called record man.
Senses: examples: text: The show he produced first aired on WJMR, a white-owned New Orleans radio station. The show's disc jockey used the name “Poppa Stoppa” and played what would then be called “race music,” the term given to any music produced by African American artists.
ref: 2014, Dominic Massa, New Orleans Radio, Arcadia Publishing, →ISBN, page 107:
topics: broadcasting
media
radio
glosses: A person who conducts a radio program of recorded music combined with talk, news, commercials, weather, etc.
examples: text: The disc jockey played brilliant music at the party.
synonyms: word: deejay
word: DJ
word: jock
word: discaire
word: selector
glosses: A person who plays, and sometimes mixes, recorded music at nightclubs, dances, parties, or some other social event; and/or as a backup musician for spoken word, or hip hop performers.
Derived terms: desk jockey
franchiser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: franchisers
Etymology: From franchise + -er.
Senses: examples: text: But franchisers don't sell many of their thirty-three billion hamburgers per year in blue highway towns where chophouses must draw customers through continuing quality rather than national advertising.
ref: 1982, William Least Heat-Moon [pseudonym; William Trogdon], Blue Highways, →ISBN, page 16:
glosses: A franchisor, a company which or person who grants franchises.
examples: text: No man oppresses thee, O free and independent Franchiser: but does not this stupid Porter-pot oppress thee? No Son of Adam can bid thee come or go; but this absurd Pot of Heavy-wet, this can and does!
ref: 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “chapter XIII, Democracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
glosses: A person who has the right to vote.
Derived terms: subfranchiser
franchisee
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfrænt͡ʃaɪ̯ˈziː/
rhymes: -ziː
rhymes: -iː
Forms: form: franchisees
Etymology: From franchise + -ee.
Senses: examples: text: The critical milestone is the December 2020 timetable, when new franchisee East Midlands Railway is due to start operating electric trains southwards from Corby into London St Pancras.
ref: 2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line upgrade presses on”, in Modern Railways, page 60:
glosses: A holder of a franchise; a person who is granted a franchise.
Derived terms: nonfranchisee
subfranchisee
franchisal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From franchise + -al.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to franchises.
speller
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɛlə(ɹ)
Forms: form: spellers
Etymology: From spell + -er.
Senses: examples: text: I'm a slow reader but a good speller.
text: Without insisting on a difference between the inventors and the spellers of words, Socrates makes short work of this case.
ref: 2005, Michael W. Riley, Plato's Cratylus: Argument, Form, and Structure, page 124:
glosses: A person who spells.
glosses: A participant in a spelling bee.
glosses: A book used to learn how to spell properly.
examples: text: But Word's spelling program still isn't fully integrated into the word processor. For one thing, any changes and corrections you make from the speller's menus don't appear on-screen until you get back to your original file.
ref: 1987, PC Mag, volume 6, number 17, page 358:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A spell checker.
Related terms: misspell
misspelling
pronunciation respelling
pronunciation spelling
respell
respelling
spell
spellable
spell-check
spell check
spelling
spelling bee
spelling book
spelling pronunciation
steadfastly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɛdfɑːstli/
ipa: /ˈstɛdfæstli/
Forms: form: more steadfastly
form: most steadfastly
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English stedefastly, stedefastliche; equivalent to steadfast + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: He steadfastly refuses to go out with her.
text: She saw him shake his tall form erect, look at her strangely and steadfastly, and then, noiselessly, stealthily slip away amid the rocks and trees.
ref: 1912 January, Zane Grey, “The Fall of Balancing Rock”, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 326:
text: Monarch who through her seven decades of public service became a figure of fascination by remaining steadfastly private.
ref: September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian:
text: Hmm, yes, 'negotiations' is an interesting choice of words given that ministers have steadfastly refused to meet the unions for the past year; a clear case of industrial inaction.
ref: 2024 March 20, Christian Wolmar, “NAO report highlights lack of clarity and purpose”, in RAIL, number 1005, page 35:
synonyms: resolutely
glosses: In a steadfast manner; firmly; with conviction
Popayán
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A city in southern Colombia.
chieftain
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃiːf.tən/
ipa: /ˈt͡ʃiːf.tɪn/
Forms: form: chieftains
Etymology: From Middle English cheveteyn, cheftayne, from Old French chevetaine, from Late Latin capitaneus (English captain), from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *kauput- (English head), itself from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Doublet of captain; related to chief.
Senses: examples: text: VI. THE PUYUMA GROUP.
The tribes belonging to this group occupy the plains in Hinan and that neighbourhood, and call themselves "Puyumas," but the Chinese call them the "Hinan Savages". The Puyumas formed a very powerful State some 300 years ago, and united under one single rule as many as seventy isolated tribes scattered over the land, stretching from Hakusekikwaku and Seikoko to Harogwai in the southern part of the island, and were at one time so powerful that the chieftain was called by foreigners "The King of Hinan".
ref: 1907, Yosaburo Takekoshi, “THE SAVAGES AND THEIR TERRITORY.”, in George Braithwaite, transl., Japanese Rule in Formosa, Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 225:
text: They were probably the work of individual craftsmen working to meet the chieftains' needs. Their place in the chronology of the big cemeteries is indicated by the less richly-decorated double-springed bronze brooches which are found here.
ref: 1970, Kazimierz Godłowski, “The chronology of the Late Roman and early migration periods in Central Europe”, in Acta scientiarum litterarumque: Schedae archeologicae, Nakładem Uniwersytetu Jagiellonśkiego, page 22:
glosses: A leader of a clan or tribe.
examples: text: The robber chieftain divided up the spoils.
glosses: A leader of a group.
Synonyms: sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: chief
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: big gun
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: big shot
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: big wheel
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: bigwig
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: boss
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: employer
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: foreman
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: head
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: leader
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: mandarin
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: manager
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: mover and shaker
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: top banana
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: top dog
sense: leader of a clan or tribe
word: tycoon
Derived terms: chieftaincy
chieftaindom
chieftainess
chieftess
chieftainly
chieftainry
chieftainship
subchieftain
underchieftain
punctilious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pʌŋkˈtɪli.əs/
Forms: form: more punctilious
form: most punctilious
Etymology: From punctilio (“fine point in exactness of conduct”) + -ous.
Senses: examples: text: With a punctilious slap of the gloves, the duel was now inevitable.
text: He was punctilious. According to those who worked with him, even his paperwork was the best they'd seen.
ref: 2001 May 12, Robert Potts, “The poet at play”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
synonyms: word: accurate
word: careful
word: comprehensive
word: conscientious
word: exhaustive
word: fastidious
word: groundly
word: in-depth
word: intensive
word: letter-perfect
word: mindful
word: minute
word: particular
word: polished
word: precise
word: painstaking
word: punctilious
word: rigorous
word: root and branch
word: scrupulous
word: scrutinous
word: sedulous
word: strict
word: thorough
word: tight
glosses: Strictly attentive to detail; meticulous or fastidious, particularly to codes or conventions.
examples: text: Of course, humans do not treat time in such a punctilious fashion.
ref: 2009, Ronnie Cann, Ruth Kempson, Eleni Gregoromichelaki, Semantics: an introduction to meaning in language:
text: Every editor at Merriam-Webster deals with the Black Books at many points during their tenure. The Black Books are the in-house set of rules for writing a dictionary (commonly called a style guide) as conceived and written in punctilious detail by the former editor in chief Philip Babcock Gove, for the creation of Webster’s Third.
ref: 2017, Kory Stamper, Word by Word: The Secret Life of Dictionaries, Pantheon Books, page 103:
synonyms: word: finicky
word: nitpicky
word: precise
word: accurate
word: careful
word: comprehensive
word: conscientious
word: exhaustive
word: fastidious
word: groundly
word: in-depth
word: intensive
word: letter-perfect
word: mindful
word: minute
word: particular
word: polished
word: precise
word: painstaking
word: punctilious
word: rigorous
word: root and branch
word: scrupulous
word: scrutinous
word: sedulous
word: strict
word: thorough
word: tight
glosses: Precise or scrupulous; finicky or nitpicky.
Derived terms: punctiliously
punctiliousness
Related terms: point
punctuate
punctual
punctuality
punctuation
operated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑpəɹeɪtɪd/
ipa: /ˈɒpəɹeɪtɪd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of operate
operated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑpəɹeɪtɪd/
ipa: /ˈɒpəɹeɪtɪd/
Forms: form: more operated
form: most operated
Senses: glosses: operated by the means specified e.g. a battery-operated toy
examples: text: Further light is thrown on homosexuality in Australia by the supposition of Spencer and Gillen that the mika operation (urethral subincision), an artificial hypospadias, is for the purpose of homosexual intercourse. Klaatsch has discussed the homosexual origin of the mika operation on the basis of information he received from missionaries at Niol-Niol, on the northwest coast. The subincised man acts as a female to the as yet unoperated boys, who perform coitus in the incised opening. Both informed Klaatsch in 1906 that at Boulia in Queensland the operated men are said to "possess a vulva."
ref: 1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6):
glosses: having undergone an operation
Derived terms: battery-operated
coin-operated
hand-operated
power-operated
unoperated
frangible
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæn(d)ʒɪb(ə)l/
ipa: /ˈfɹænd͡ʒəbəl/
rhymes: -ændʒɪbəl
Forms: form: more frangible
form: most frangible
Etymology: From Late Middle English frangible, frangibil, from Middle French frangible, or from Medieval Latin frangibilis, from Latin frangere (from frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + -ibilis (suffix forming adjectives indicating a capacity or worth of being acted upon).
Senses: examples: text: A certain learned and curious Author gives us the following Characters or Properties of Glaſs, whereby it is diſtinguiſh'd from all other Bodies, viz. […] That it is frangible when thin, without annealing.
ref: 1734, “GLASS”, in The Builder’s Dictionary: Or, Gentlemen and Architect’s Companion. Explaining not only the Term of Art in All the Several Parts of Architecture, but also Containing the Theory and Practice of the Various Branches thereof, … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for A[rthur] Bettesworth and C[harles] Hitch, at the Red-Lion in Pater-noster-Row; and S[tephen] Austen, at the Angel and Bible in St. Paul's Church-Yard, →OCLC, column 1:
text: Another object still [of roasting iron ore], is to make the ore more frangible, that it may be easily broken into fragments of a suitable size for smelting.
ref: 1838, W[illiam] W[illiams] Mather, “Iron Ore”, in First Annual Report on the Geological Survey of the State of Ohio, Columbus, Oh.: Samuel Medary, printer to the State, →OCLC, footnote, page 7:
text: Folklorists claim that the superstitious belief that opening an umbrella indoors augurs misfortune has a more recent and utilitarian origin. In eighteenth-century London, when metal-spoked waterproof umbrellas began to become a common rainy-day sight, their stiff, clumsy spring mechanism made them veritable hazards to open indoors. A rigidly spoked umbrella, opening suddely in a small room, could seriously injure an adult or a child, or shatter a frangible object.
ref: 1989, Charles Panati, “From Superstition”, in Panati’s Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things (Perennial Library), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, →ISBN, page 16:
text: So, to make sure that I stay both current and deadly, I built the range, where the guys can sharpen their lethal talents, and—careful always to use only approved military weapons—I can sharpen mine. Shooting, after all, is a frangible skill. At SEAL Team Six we shot daily.
ref: 1998 March, Richard Marcinko, John Weisman, “Part Two: Trust but Verify”, in Destination Gold (Rogue Warrior), New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, →ISBN, page 183:
glosses: Able to be broken; breakable, fragile.
Synonyms: alt: not idiomatically interchangeable although denotatively equal
word: fragmentable
Derived terms: frangibility
frangibleness
frangibly
infrangible
nonfrangible
unfrangible
Related terms: fractal
fraction
fracture
fragile
fragment
frangent
refrangibility
refrangible
refrangibleness
frangible
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæn(d)ʒɪb(ə)l/
ipa: /ˈfɹænd͡ʒəbəl/
rhymes: -ændʒɪbəl
Forms: form: frangibles
Etymology: From Late Middle English frangible, frangibil, from Middle French frangible, or from Medieval Latin frangibilis, from Latin frangere (from frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + -ibilis (suffix forming adjectives indicating a capacity or worth of being acted upon).
Senses: examples: text: For extreme close range training, frangible bullets – those that disintegrate on hitting a hard target – are available. I have found the Winchester frangible loads especially suitable to high-volume training with the 9mm pistol. Frangibles are intended to give peace officers real safety when training at close range with steel reaction targets and vehicles used as range props.
ref: 2009, Robert K. Campbell, “Practice Tools”, in Dan Shideler, editor, The Gun Digest Book of Personal Protection & Home Defense, Iola, Wis.: Gun Digest Books, →ISBN, page 201, column 2:
text: Is there some law of nature that states that an assassin can only use one kind of ammunition? Couldn't he just as easily load a frangible bullet and a nonfrangible one into his magazine as two frangibles or two regular, hardened rounds?
ref: 2012, G. Paul Chambers, Head Shot: The Science behind the JFK Assassination, expanded edition, Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, →ISBN:
text: Like other lethal-use frangibles, it is designed exclusively for use against soft targets. The "projectile" is composed of tungsten powder encapsulated by a traditional copper jacket. The powdered medium itself does not comprise a solid-mass projectile, per se, but it is tightly packed and contained within the jacket, which acts as the container. Like all frangible projectiles, these projectiles return to powder when impacting an object.
ref: 2013, Robert E. Walker, “Ammunition Cartridges”, in Cartridges and Firearm Identification (Advances in Materials Science and Engineering), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 82:
glosses: Something that is breakable or fragile; especially something that is intentionally made so, such as a bullet.
frangibility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: frangibilities
Senses: glosses: The state or quality of being frangible.
straighten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɹeɪtn̩/
rhymes: -eɪtən
Forms: form: straightens
form: straightening
form: straightened
form: straightened
Etymology: From straight + -en. Compare Scots strauchten (“to straighten”).
Senses: glosses: To cause to become straight.
glosses: To become straight.
examples: text: to straighten one's affairs, or an account
text: Tuilagi and Ashton started in lively fashion, centre Tuilagi doing what he does best, straightening and bursting into the line, and Ashton always looking to leave his wing and get involved in the action.
ref: 2011 September 24, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 67-3 Romania”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: To put in order; to sort; to tidy up.
glosses: To clarify a situation or concept to (an audience).
glosses: To bribe or corrupt.
glosses: To stand up, especially from a sitting position.
examples: text: It has been said that to survive in this Wasp society, Blacks must straighten their hair, Jews must straighten their noses, and Gays must straighten themselves. But we will no longer tolerate being straightened. It is the doctors and the straight society who must change.
ref: 1973 December 22, Satya, “It Is Not We Who Must Change”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 27, page 3:
text: It raises the prospect that pregnant women could one day be offered a treatment to reduce or eliminate the chance that their offspring will be homosexual. Experts say that, in theory, the "straightening" procedure on humans could be as simple as a hormone supplement for mothers-to-be, worn on the skin like an anti-smoking nicotine patch.
ref: 2006 December 31, Isabel Oakeshott, Chris Gourlay, “Science Told: Hands Off Gay Sheep”, in The Sunday Times:
glosses: To make heterosexual.
Derived terms: enstraighten
restraighten
straightenable
straightener
straighten one's face
straighten out
straighten up
unstraighten
Related terms: straiten
straightener
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɹeɪt(ə)nə/
ipa: /ˈstɹeɪt(ə)nɚ/
Forms: form: straighteners
Etymology: From straighten + -er.
Senses: glosses: A pair of metal tongs with heated ceramic plates used for straightening hair.
glosses: Anyone or anything which straightens.
glosses: A prearranged fight to settle a dispute.
examples: text: 'Injection or not, the bloody thing won't move an inch with juice and it ain't got any. Yeah and here comes the law.'
Cool as a cucumber, Ernie said, 'Leave him to me. I'll give him a straightener.'
ref: 2001, William F. Gray, The Villain, page 65:
glosses: A bribe.
Derived terms: stream straightener
controlling
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtɹoʊlɪŋ/
ipa: /kənˈtɹəʊlɪŋ/
Forms: form: more controlling
form: most controlling
Senses: examples: text: His mother is very controlling.
glosses: Exerting control over a person or thing.
Synonyms: bossy and manipulative
Derived terms: controllingly
controllingness
enantiocontrolling
hypercontrolling
noncontrolling
regiocontrolling
stereocontrolling
uncontrolling
controlling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtɹoʊlɪŋ/
ipa: /kənˈtɹəʊlɪŋ/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of control
glosses: present participle and gerund of controll
controlling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtɹoʊlɪŋ/
ipa: /kənˈtɹəʊlɪŋ/
Forms: form: controllings
Senses: examples: text: What humble submission presided within; / How free from the reign, and controllings of sin.
ref: 1856, The Earthen Vessel and Christian Record & Review, page 44:
glosses: The act of exerting control.
repeating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈpiːtɪŋ/
rhymes: -iːtɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of repeat
repeating
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈpiːtɪŋ/
rhymes: -iːtɪŋ
Senses: glosses: That repeats; repetitive.
glosses: Of a firearm: capable of firing multiple times without needing recharging.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Of a decimal: recurring.
examples: text: one point two repeating three four
translation: 1.234
english: 1.234
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Of a decimal: recurring.
When reading out a repeating decimal, denotes where the periodic part begins.
Synonyms: sense: that repeats
word: recurrent
word: repetitious
word: repetitive
Related terms: repeating back
repeating circle
repeating coil
repeating rifle
repeating
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈpiːtɪŋ/
rhymes: -iːtɪŋ
Forms: form: repeatings
Senses: examples: text: What the moderns could mean by their suppression of the final couplet's repeatings, cannot be conceiv'd […]
ref: 1779, Edward Capell, John Collins, Notes and various readings to Shakespeare:
glosses: Repetition.
Synonyms: reiteration
repeat
reoccurrence
disabled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd]
Forms: form: more disabled
form: most disabled
Etymology: From disable + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: In the car department we would repair cars that were disabled and placed in bad order by a bunch of scalies taking the place of striking switchmen, engineers, Firemen, etc.
ref: 1911 March, “From Brittania Lodge, No. 361”, in Railway Carmen's Journal, volume 16, number 3, page 129:
glosses: Made incapable of use or action.
glosses: Having a disability.
topics: law
glosses: Legally disqualified.
Synonyms: incapacitated
indisposed
invalid
Derived terms: word: antidisabled
word: disabledness
word: multidisabled
word: neurodisabled
word: nondisabled
word: predisabled
word: semidisabled
word: undisabled
sense: Compound words
word: intellectually disabled
sense: Compound words
word: learning-disabled
sense: Compound words
english: or print disabled
translation: or print disabled
word: print-disabled
sense: Expressions
word: disabled list
sense: Expressions
word: disabled sport
disabled
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd]
Forms: form: disabled
form: disableds
Etymology: From disable + -ed.
Senses: glosses: One who is disabled. (often used collectively as the disabled, but sometimes also singular)
disabled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd]
Etymology: From disable + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of disable
distilled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈstɪld/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of distil
glosses: simple past and past participle of distill
distilled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈstɪld/
Forms: form: more distilled
form: most distilled
Senses: examples: text: The distilled spirits are bottled and sold at a handsome profit.
coordinate_terms: filtered#Adjective
processed#Adjective
sorted#Adjective
glosses: Having been produced via distillation.
examples: text: Once the spirits have been removed, the distilled mash is a waste product, although it is salable if a buyer can be found who can put it to some other productive use.
coordinate_terms: filtered#Adjective
processed#Adjective
sorted#Adjective
glosses: Having been subjected to distillation.
Derived terms: bidistilled
distilled verdigris
distilled water
hydrodistilled
undistilled
validation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌvæl.əˈdæɪ.ʃən/
Forms: form: validations
Etymology: From Middle French validation. By surface analysis, validate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: In reality, brains go overboard with this sort of fear validation. They love any chance to prove a fear is valid while ignoring all the reasons it's not.
ref: 2021, Erika Moen and Matthew Nolan, “What is... jealousy?”, in Let's Talk About It, →ISBN, page 190:
glosses: The act of validating something.
glosses: Something, such as a certificate, that validates something; attestation, authentication, confirmation, proof or verification.
examples: text: Praise is a judgment. It says, “I like the way you look or perform.” Validation demonstrates acceptance. It says, “I accept who you are, independent of how you look or perform.” When people claim that we shouldn’t rely on “external validation,” they are confusing validation with praise.
ref: 2025 March 19, Caroline Fleck, PhD, The Life-Changing Skill That Isn’t About You: How Validation Transforms Connection:
glosses: The process whereby others confirm the validity of one's emotions or perspective.
glosses: The process of identifying a new prisoner's gang affiliation.
Derived terms: cross-validation
validation suite
cafetière
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkæf.ə.tiˈɛəɹ/
ipa: /ˌkæf.əˈtjɛəɹ/
Forms: form: cafetières
Etymology: Borrowed from French cafetière.
Senses: glosses: A cylindrical glass or metal jug, fitted with a filter on a rod, used to make coffee.
Synonyms: French press
press pot
coffee plunger
prepayment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: prepayments
form: pre-payment
Etymology: From pre- + payment.
Senses: glosses: A payment in advance.
topics: accounting
business
finance
glosses: An asset recognized in respect an expense incurred in a period for which the benefit will be received in a future period.
Derived terms: prepayment penalty
Jesuit's bark
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Jesuits' bark
Etymology: After the Jesuit missionary Bernabé Cobo, who first described the cinchona bark and introduced it to Europe in 1632.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of cinchona (bark, either untreated or prepared as a medicine).
synonyms: word: cinchona
extra: bark, either untreated or prepared as a medicine
wikipedia: Bernabé Cobo
distill
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: distills
form: distilling
form: distilled
form: distilled
Senses: examples: text: There is ſome ſoule of goodneſſe in things euill, / VVould men obſeruingly diſtill it out.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 83, column 2:
text: My doctrine ſhall drop as the raine: my ſpeach ſhall diſtill as the deaw, as the ſmal raine vpon the tender herbe, and as the ſhowres vpon the graſſe.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 32:2, column 2:
text: So vvhen tvvo Boars, in vvild Ytene bred, / Or on VVeſtphalia’s fatt’ning Cheſt-nuts fed, / […] / In the black Flood they vvallovv o’er and o’er, / ’Till their arm’d Javvs diſtill vvith Foam and Gore.
ref: [1716], [John] Gay, “Book III. Of Walking the Streets by Night.”, in Trivia: Or, The Art of Walking the Streets of London, London: […] Bernard Lintott, […], →OCLC, page 56:
text: The wine which from yon wounded palm on high / Fills yonder gourd, as slowly it distills, / Grows sour at once if Lorrinite pass by.
ref: 1810, Robert Southey, “The Enchantress”, in The Curse of Kehama, London: […] [F]or Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], by James Ballantyne and Co. […], →OCLC, page 113:
text: Carbonic acid is a limpid colourless body, extremely fluid, and floating upon the other contents of the tube. It distills readily and rapidly at the difference of temperature between 32° and 0°.
ref: 1823 November 30, Michael Faraday, “LXXXVI. On Fluid Chlorine. […]”, in Alexander Tilloch, Richard Taylor, editors, The Philosophical Magazine and Journal: Comprehending the Various Branches of Science, the Liberal and Fine Arts, Agriculture, Manufactures, and Commerce, volume LXII, number 307, London: […] Richard Taylor, […]; and sold by Cadell; Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; […], →OCLC, page 419:
glosses: US standard spelling of distil.
Derived terms: distillability
distillable
distiller
distillery
distillment
redistill
disturbing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈtɜːbɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)bɪŋ
Forms: form: more disturbing
form: most disturbing
Senses: examples: text: A disturbing film that tries to explore the mind of a serial killer.
text: His behaviour is very disturbing.
text: I corralled the judge, and we started off across the fields, in no very mild state of fear of that gentleman's wife, whose vigilance was seldom relaxed. And thus we came by a circuitous route to Mohair, the judge occupied by his own guilty thoughts, and I by others not less disturbing.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
glosses: Causing distress or worry; upsetting or unsettling.
Derived terms: disturbingly
disturbingness
nondisturbing
undisturbing
disturbing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈtɜːbɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)bɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of disturb
enjoyed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪd/
ipa: /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪd/
ipa: /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪd/
rhymes: -ɔɪd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of enjoy
extending
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɛkˈstɛndɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛndɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of extend
freshness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹɛʃnəs/
Forms: form: freshnesses
Etymology: From fresh + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state or quality of being fresh.