cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
rookie
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹʊki/
rhymes: -ʊki
Forms: form: rookies
form: rookying
form: rookied
form: rookied
Etymology: Thought to be an alteration of recruit + -ie, or from rook (“a cheat”) + -ie. Another possible origin is Dutch broekie (short for broekvent (“a boy still in short trousers”)), a common term for a shipmate. Also suggested is Irish rúca (“an inexperienced person”).
Senses: examples: text: In 1977 he rookied as a smokejumper with the International Forest Fire Systems, a private firm that contracted smokejumping services to Canada's Northwest Territories.
ref: 2002, Smokejumpers, page 67:
text: As they go ton the stretch of road that ran between the park and the 5 Freeway, Stu said 'Schoelkopf gave me the kind of lecture I haven't heard since I rookied. […]'
ref: 2009, Jonathan Kellerman, Billy Straight:
text: He rookied in 1980 and settled in to play right field for the Detroit Tigers from 1983 to 1987 and was critical to the Tigers winning the 1984 World Series against the San Diego Padres.
ref: 2016, Bill Loomis, On This Day in Detroit History, page 89:
text: Grath and I had joined the Iron Bandits MC the same year; pledged together, rookied together.
ref: 2019, Heather West, Jax: Iron Bandits MC:
glosses: To be a rookie; to go through one's inexperienced learning period in a job, team, or organization.
examples: text: Great was my surprise when I found that I had been "rookied" in for a policing-up detail with no chance to "allez."
ref: 1919, Harold C. Bloxham, “Training at La Courtine”, in The History of Battery E, 66th Artillery C. A. C., page 86:
text: There is none of that 'rookying stuff' but they don't pay any attention to you either, and that is worse.
ref: 1947, National Association of Secondary School Principals, Bulletin, page 40:
text: I was rookied in women's (ice) hockey mid-winter. I was made to strip nude and walk into McDonald's and order a big Mac.
ref: 2002, Celia Brackenridge, Kari Fasting, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport:
text: Last year when I was 'rookied' they had this whole agenda where you had to do a ' shot ' [ of alcohol ] and run around and do this little circuit [ race ] —the idea was to get everyone to puke that night or just get totally hammered ... the majority of the people [rookies] were knocked out [physically unable to continue] by ten o'clock.
ref: 2007, Kevin Young, Philip White, Sport and Gender in Canada, page 313:
text: As long as a player is a rookie, they are susceptible to being "rookied,” although initiations typically occur at the beginning of the season, or just before.
ref: 2013, Curtis Fogel, Game-Day Gangsters: Crime and Deviance in Canadian Football, page 59:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To haze one or more rookies as an initiation ritual.
Related terms: word: naive
alt: homophone
word: rooky
soteriology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səʊtɪəɹɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/
Forms: form: soteriologies
Etymology: From Ancient Greek σωτηρία (sōtēría, “salvation”) + -ology, from σωτήρ (sōtḗr, “savior”).
Senses: examples: text: BY the Soteriology of the Bible we mean the Doctrine of the Messiah's mediatorial work for man's salvation, as gradually revealed in Holy Scripture.
ref: 1876, John Pilkington Norris, Rudiments of Theology, E. P. Dutton, page 172:
text: All our theology, all our Christology, all our soteriology, all our doctrine of sin and salvation, of sacrifice, of atonement, of priesthood, of prayer, of worship, of world redemption, are colored through and through with Jewish concepts and bear upon them the inextinguishable evidence of their debt to those whose genius for religion justifies their title to be in a very real sense the chosen people of God.
ref: 1938 February 24, George Craig Stewart, “An Epistle to the Gentiles”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:
text: 1998 [Mohr Siebeck], Timo Eskola, Theodicy and Predestination in Pauline Soteriology, 2018, Wipf and Stock, page 302,
As we have seen during this study, most interpreters of Paul's theology have concluded that his soteriology is of a mystical nature.
text: 2012, Richard Lints, 11: Soteriology, Kelly M. Kapic, Bruce L. McCormack (editors), Mapping Modern Theology, Baker Publishing Group (Baker Academic), page 264,
Transformationist soteriologies in the nineteenth century supposed that the transformation of individuals by the gospel surely impacted their relation to God while relational soteriologies of the same period inevitably discussed the implications of Christianity upon the character of those who believed it.
text: The issue of soteriology in the fourth gospel remains vexed.
ref: 2022, R. G. William Loader, Christology, Soteriology, and Ethics in John and Hebrews, Mohr Siebeck, page 139:
topics: lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: The study or doctrine of salvation.
Derived terms: soteriologic
soteriological
soteriologically
Sephardi
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Sephardi
form: most Sephardi
form: Sefardi
form: Sepharadi
Etymology: Borrowed from Hebrew סְפָרַדִּי (s'faradí).
Senses: examples: text: Their claim is at least so far acknowledged by the Jews all over the world that the first rank is allowed by them to the Sephardi congregation in Jerusalem.
ref: 1869 February 1, Mrs. Finn., edited by Carl Schwartz, The Scattered Nation and Jewish Christian Magazine, volume IV, London: Elliot Stock, page 48:
synonyms: Sephardic
hypernyms: Jewish
glosses: Of or relating to Jews of Iberia and their traditions, customs, and rituals.
Sephardi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Sephardis
form: Sephardim
form: Sepharadim
form: Sefardi
form: Sepharadi
Etymology: Borrowed from Hebrew סְפָרַדִּי (s'faradí).
Senses: examples: text: In a move aimed at avoiding the mistakes made by many of the Jewish institutions in which students have grown up, the guidebook encourages students creating new Jewish organizations to ensure that “JOCSM (Jews of Color, Sephardi, Mizrahi) feel included and comfortable,” to maintain a “[s]upportive network of closed spaces for marginalized people,” and to directly“[a]cknowledge and confront Ashkenormativity.”
ref: 2019 July 3, Jess Schwalb, “Red Line Rebellion”, in Jewish Currents:
hypernyms: Jew
glosses: A Jew of Iberian ancestry, whose native language was Ladino.
Related terms: Ashkenazi
Ashkenazim
Iberian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɪɹiən
Forms: form: more Iberian
form: most Iberian
Etymology: From Iberia + -an.
Senses: glosses: Native to Iberia.
glosses: Of or pertaining to Iberia.
Derived terms: Iberian America
Iberian desman
Iberian ibex
Iberian lynx
Iberian magpie
Iberian ribbed newt
Iberian wolf
Iberian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɪɹiən
Forms: form: Iberians
Etymology: From Iberia + -an.
Senses: glosses: A native of modern-day Iberia (the European peninsula): a person native to Spain, Portugal, Andorra, or Gibraltar,.
glosses: An ancient people settled in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, at least from the 6th century BCE.
glosses: A Georgian (person from the country in Eurasia).
Derived terms: Celtiberian
Iberian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɪɹiən
Etymology: From Iberia + -an.
Senses: examples: text: Whereas the presence of Etruscan [in southern France] was likely the result of Etruscan traders settling in the area relatively recently, Iberian appears to have been the prevalent language, at least in the southwesternmost parts of what is now the French Mediterranean coast.
ref: 2025, Cid Swanenvleugel, The Pre-Roman Elements of the Sardinian Lexicon, page 518:
glosses: An extinct language isolate that was spoken in the Iberian peninsula.
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Iberian terms
Sephardic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: Sefardic
Etymology: From Sephardi + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: The 15th-century explorer Christopher Columbus was a Sephardic Jew from Western Europe, Spanish scientists said on Saturday, after using DNA analysis to tackle a centuries-old mystery.
ref: 2024 October 13, Reuters, “Centuries-old mystery of Christopher Columbus’s true origins revealed in study”, in CNN:
synonyms: Sephardi
coordinate_terms: Ashkenazi
Ashkenazic
glosses: Of or relating to the Sephardi Jews.
goner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: gänʹər
ipa: /ˈɡɒnə(ɹ)/
enpr: gônʹər
ipa: /ˈɡɔːnɚ/
rhymes: -ɒnə(ɹ)
rhymes: -ɔːnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: goners
form: gonner
Etymology: From gone + -er. First attestations around 1850.
Senses: examples: text: I'm a goner if this plan doesn't work.
text: You'll be a goner if I hit you with this gun.
text: The sergeant was a goner. There was only one way to save him, and he threw himself on top, hurling the man to the ground.
ref: 2001, Jamie O’Neill, At Swim, Two Boys, London: Scribner, Part 2, Chapter 20, p. 620:
text: Retreat, in his view, means it’s […] about making plans for the migration of millions of people from low-lying regions like Bangladesh into Europe; about admitting that New Orleans is a goner and moving the people to cities better positioned for the future.
ref: 2007 November 1, Jeff Goodell, “James Lovelock, the Prophet”, in Rolling Stone:
synonyms: gone goose
glosses: Someone (or something) doomed; a hopeless case, especially someone who is bound to die soon.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A ball hit out of the playing area for a home run.
goners
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of goner (persons who are in a desperate strait or doomed)
aureole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔː.ɹiː.əʊl/
ipa: /ˈɔɹ.i.oʊl/
homophone: oriole
Forms: form: aureoles
Etymology: From Middle English aureole, from Old French aureole, from Medieval Latin aureola (corona) (“golden (crown)”). Doublet of oriole.
Senses: examples: text: The lady's hair no woman could possess without feeling it her pride. It was the daily theme of her lady's-maid,—a natural aureole to her head.
ref: 1859, George Meredith, chapter 16, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:
text: They sat quietly, side by side, without speaking. Philip enjoyed having her near him. He was warmed by her radiant health. A glow of life seemed like an aureole to shine about her.
ref: 1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 122”, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:
text: She feels, with all our furniture,
Room yet for something more secure
Than our self-kindled aureoles
To guide our poor forgotten souls […]
ref: 1916, Edwin Arlington Robinson, “The Voice of Age”, in The Man Against the Sky:
text: Those white women whose superiority encircled them like an aureole, could quieten any raucous gathering by just placing a finger to a lip.
ref: 2004, Andrea Levy, chapter 4, in Small Island, London: Review, page 69:
glosses: A circle of light or halo around the head of a deity or a saint.
examples: text: It was a lean Jewish face, with a great fuzzy aureole of white hair and a small goatee beard […]
ref: 1949, George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Part One, Chapter 1:
text: The dust of the road and his long, wiry hair made aureoles of red about him in the westering light […]
ref: 1972, Ursula K. Le Guin, chapter 6, in The Farthest Shore, Atheneum Books:
glosses: Any luminous or colored ring that encircles something.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A corona.
examples: text: Cleavage and folds are imprinted are overprinted by the contact metamorphic aureole, indicating that they belong to a pre-intrustive episode of rock deformation and accompanying regional deformation.
ref: 1990, Roger Mason, Petrology of the Metamorphic Rocks, Chapter 3: "Metamorphism associated with igneous intrusions"
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A ring around an igneous intrusion.
topics: lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: Alternative form of aureola (“increment to blessedness”).
Derived terms: aureolate
aureoled
aureole hat
inaureole
Related terms: aureolin
oriole
aureole
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔː.ɹiː.əʊl/
ipa: /ˈɔɹ.i.oʊl/
homophone: oriole
Forms: form: aureoles
form: aureoling
form: aureoled
form: aureoled
Etymology: From Middle English aureole, from Old French aureole, from Medieval Latin aureola (corona) (“golden (crown)”). Doublet of oriole.
Senses: glosses: To surround with, or as if with, a halo.
symbolism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm/
Forms: form: symbolisms
Etymology: From symbol + -ism, sense 2 being a semantic loan from French symbolisme.
Senses: examples: text: The undeveloped or mysterically confused thought which exists in savages is fully exemplified in the childish or crazy atavistic anthropomorphism and symbolism so prevalent among degenerates.
ref: 1911 May, “Insanity and the Art of the Borderland”, in The International Studio, volume 32, number 171, page 32:
glosses: Representation of a concept through symbols or underlying meanings of objects or qualities.
glosses: An art movement originating in late 19th-century France and Belgium, seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realism.
glosses: A combining together of parts or ingredients.
Derived terms: phonetic symbolism
sound symbolism
Related terms: symbolic
symbolist
symbolize
magnanimous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/
rhymes: -ænɪməs
Forms: form: more magnanimous
form: most magnanimous
Etymology: From Latin magnanimus, from magnus (“great”) + animus (“soul, mind”). Displaced native Old English miċelmōd (literally “big-minded”).
Senses: examples: text: She is a theame of honour and renowne, / A ſpurre to valiant and magnanimous deeds, / Whoſe preſent courage may beate downe our foes, / And fame in time to come canonize us, […]
ref: c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid. […] (First Quarto), London: […] G[eorge] Eld for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
text: First, our friendship began at that early time when alone it is unalloyed and sincere; secondly"—and here, in spite of her vivacity, Marie's voice trembled—"you are associated with the only being in the world I ever really loved; and thirdly, I have behaved exceedingly ill to you, and, consequently, feel it quite magnanimous not to hate you, which is the established rule on such occasions.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 206:
text: doolittle [sad but magnanimous] They played you off very cunning, Eliza, them two sportsmen.
ref: 1912 (date written), [George] Bernard Shaw, “Pygmalion”, in Androcles and the Lion, Overruled, Pygmalion, London: Constable and Company, published 1916, →OCLC, Act V, page 183:
text: I felt vaguely he was a sneak, and remained quite unmollified by advances on his side, which, in a boy's barbarous fashion, unless it suited me to be magnanimous, I haughtily ignored.
ref: 1923, Walter de la Mare, Seaton's Aunt:
synonyms: big-hearted
generous
great-hearted
large-hearted
unselfish
glosses: Noble and generous in spirit.
Derived terms: unmagnanimous
Related terms: magnanimity
magnanimously
magnanimousness
consanguineous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪni.əs/
ipa: /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnjəs/
ipa: /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪni.əs/
ipa: /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnjəs/
Forms: form: consanguinous
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin consanguineus (with English -ous), from con- (“together”) + sanguineus (“of or pertaining to blood”), from sanguis (“blood”). Equivalent to con- + sanguineous.
Senses: examples: text: Am not I consanguineous? am I not of her blood?
ref: c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
text: 2002, B. Modell and A. Darr, "Science and society: genetic counselling and customary consanguineous marriage," Nature Reviews: Genetics, vol 3. no. 3 (Mar.), p. 225,
Consanguineous marriage is customary in many societies, but leads to an increased birth prevalence of infants with severe recessive disorders.
synonyms: consanguine
consanguineal
same-blooded
antonyms: affinal
glosses: Related by birth; descended from the same parent or ancestor.
Derived terms: consanguineously
nonconsanguineous
Related terms: consanguinity
consanguinuity
NTSB
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: The finding is one of the first pieces of information that have emerged as the NTSB works to investigate the disaster in which 67 people are thought to have been killed.
ref: 2025 February 1, Kaanita Iyer and Zoe Sottile, “Pilots tried to pull passenger jet’s nose up within seconds of deadly DC helicopter collision, preliminary NTSB data shows”, in CNN:
glosses: Initialism of National Transportation Safety Board.
qualifier: Turkey
glosses: Initialism of National Transport Safety Board.
Hypernyms: transportation safety board
transport safety board
TSB
BBQ
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɑːɹbəkjuː/
ipa: /biːbiːkjuː/
Forms: form: BBQs
form: bbq
Etymology: Pseudo-acronym of barbecue, by phonetic similarity of the letter names.
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of barbecue.
Coordinate terms: barbecue
barbeque
barbie
braai
BBQ
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɑːɹbəkjuː/
ipa: /biːbiːkjuː/
Forms: form: BBQs
form: BBQing
form: BBQed
form: BBQed
form: bbq
Etymology: Pseudo-acronym of barbecue, by phonetic similarity of the letter names.
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of barbecue.
Derived terms: BBQ'd
BBQer
Korean BBQ
AID
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Here is the first book to thoroughly look at topics such as the social and personal aspects of lesbian motherhood; the implications of AID; and how children feel about growing up with lesbian mothers.
ref: 1982 February 6, “Book News From Alyson Publications (advertisement)”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 28, page 21:
glosses: Initialism of artificial insemination by donor.
AID
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: The first such title, according to a review by Christopher Sagers, a law professor at Cleveland–Marshall College of Law, was the 1950 Act for International Development, or AID.
ref: 2022 November 12, Matteo Wong, “How Did America End Up With the Z.O.M.B.I.E. Act?”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 12 Nov 2022:
glosses: Acronym of Agency for International Development.
Related terms: aid
AIDS
barbeque
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: barbeques
Senses: examples: text: She dipped her finger in a steaming portable spa and inhaled the heavenly scent of fair food, from slow-roasted barbeque beef sandwiches at the Young Life booth to Bavarian bratwurst at the Mount Baker Barbershop Singers’ grill.
ref: 2004, Robert Elmer, chapter 4, in The Duet: A Novel, Colorado Springs, Colo.: WaterBrook Press, →ISBN, page 28:
text: ‘This will be slaughtered for barbeque meat and beef stew on Sunday.’
ref: 2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page 152:
glosses: Alternative spelling of barbecue (“apparatus for grilling; cookout (event); meat cooked by barbecuing”).
barbeque
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: barbeques
form: barbequing
form: barbequeing
form: barbequed
form: barbequed
Senses: examples: text: When they arrived, Masha and Natasha joined the other girls in the kitchen, and Pasha scurried Seth out into the great outdoors with the men to barbeque shashliki, a delicious Russian marinated meat.
ref: 2013, Kenneth Eade, chapter 22, in An Involuntary Spy, New York, N.Y.: Times Square Publishing, →ISBN, page 92:
glosses: Alternative spelling of barbecue.
POTD
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: POTDs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of picture of the day.
topics: government
politics
glosses: Initialism of propaganda of the deed.
tidal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: tīd-(ə)l
ipa: /ˈtaɪ.d(ə)l/
rhymes: -aɪd(ə)l
homophone: title (t-flapping)
Etymology: From tide + -al. Probably a hybrid formation within English. Alternatively it might be from an unattested British Medieval Latin *tīdālis, derived from rare tīda, from Old English tīd. The usual Latin word for “tidal” is aestuālis.
Senses: examples: text: Since then, the length of an Earth day has slowed to its present 24 hours due to the fact that the moon's gravitational pull "steals" some of energy Earth uses to spin, in addition to causing tidal friction, according to the Institute.
ref: 2025 July 22, Julia Jacobo, “July 22 will be the second-shortest day of the year, scientists say”, in ABC News:
glosses: Relating to tides.
Derived terms: cotidal
end-tidal
intertidal
microtidal
peritidal
subtidal
tidal acceleration
tidal air
tidal basin
tidal boat
tidal bore
tidal breath
tidal chart
tidal crack
tidal current
tidal curve
tidal diamond
tidal energy
tidal flat
tidal flood
tidal flow
tidal force
tidal harbour
tidal harbor
tidal height
tidal island
tidal lag
tidal lock
tidal locking
tidally
tidal marsh
tidal mill
tidal node
tidal pool
tidal power
tidal range
tidal river
tidal service
tidal shore
tidal stream
tidal surge
tidal town
tidal train
tidal volume
tidal wave
Related terms: tide
aolbonics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Blend of AOL + Ebonics: the Internet service provider AOL was often regarded as having a high proportion of barely literate Internet users.
Senses: glosses: The practice of talking using numbers, or using short phonetic spellings (as in "Hey evry1, how r u?"), as a shorthand to save on keystrokes.
besom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbiː.zəm/
ipa: /ˈbɛ.zəm/
Forms: form: besoms
form: beesom
Etymology: From Middle English besme, beseme, from Old English besma, besema (“besom, broom, rod”), from Proto-West Germanic *besmō (“broom”).
Senses: examples: text: As a kid I went to the Russian Bath with my own father. … Down in the cellar men moaned on the steam-softened planks while they were massaged abrasively with oak-leaf besoms lathered in pickle buckets.
ref: 1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 56:
text: At Ickwell Green, in Bedfordshire, there is a permanent maypole. There, the May Queen is accompanied by moggies (raggedly dressed women) carrying besoms - birch-twig brooms.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 263:
hypernyms: broom
glosses: A broom made from a bundle of twigs tied onto a shaft.
examples: text: "Eh, but she was a besom, if a' tales be true !"
ref: 1903, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Dark O' the Moon: A Novel, page 130:
text: Janet's eyes began to look dim, and I had to frown at her very hard; then I had to turn my frown on Jean ... and Janet, the besom, took advantage of my divided attention.
ref: 1917, A.S. Neill., A Dominie Dismissed, page 10:
text: Uncle Angus went on about the behavior of the car. "She's a besom, a proper besom, her and her gears. She'll be the death of me yet one of these days."
ref: 1963, Margaret McLean MacPherson, The Shinty Boys, page 187:
text: "She's a besom but no' bad at times, like now," Agnes said as she bit into a dough-ring.
ref: 2013, Nora Kay, Best Friends:
coordinate_terms: witch
bitch
glosses: A troublesome woman.
examples: text: "The march of an army through a conquered country supposing it to be a highly civilized one, is a besom of destruction, whose havoc, moral and material, it would take at least a century to recover."
ref: 1851, “A Few Words about War and the Peace Congress.”, in Littell’s Living Age, volume 28, page 364:
glosses: Any cleansing or purifying agent.
Derived terms: besomer
besom-head
besomlike
besom pocket
witch's besom
besom
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbiː.zəm/
ipa: /ˈbɛ.zəm/
Forms: form: besoms
form: besoming
form: besomed
form: besomed
form: beesom
Etymology: From Middle English besme, beseme, from Old English besma, besema (“besom, broom, rod”), from Proto-West Germanic *besmō (“broom”).
Senses: examples: text: Now, in her iceberg-white, holily laundered crinoline nightgown, under virtuous polar sheets, in her spruced and scoured dust-defying bedroom in trig and trim Bay View, a house for paying guests at the top of the town, Mrs Ogmore-Prichard widow, twice, of Mr Ogmore, linolium, retired, and Mr Prichard, failed bookmaker, who maddened by besoming, swabbing and scrubbing, the voice of the vacuum-cleaner and the fume of polish, ironically swallowed disinfectant...
ref: 1954, Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood […] , New York: New Directions, page 13:
glosses: To sweep.
libertarian socialism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Any of a group of political philosophies dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, prominent examples being capitalism and the State; especially one that encourages the direct seizure by the people of the means of production with the aim of moving toward the creation of a radical direct democracy.
Derived terms: libertarian socialist
Related terms: state socialism
graffito
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəˈfitoʊ/
ipa: [ɡɹəˈfiɾoʊ̯]
Forms: form: graffiti
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian graffito.
Senses: qualifier: archaeology and related fields
glosses: An informal inscription, as by a worker or vandal.
examples: text: One officer got out to inspect the graffito.
ref: 1982 April 24, Bob Nelson, “NY Cops Harass Activist Writing Graffiti”, in Gay Community News, page 3:
glosses: A single instance of graffiti in the art/vandalism sense.
Synonyms: graffitus
sore
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: sô
ipa: /sɔː/
enpr: sôr
ipa: /soɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
enpr: sōr
ipa: /so(ː)ɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /soə/
homophone: soar
homophone: saw (non-rhotic)
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Etymology: From Middle English sor, from Old English sār (“ache, wound”, noun) and sār (“painful, grievous”, adjective), from Proto-West Germanic *sair, from Proto-Germanic *sairaz (adjective) from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂eyro-, enlargement of *sh₂ey- (“to be fierce, afflict”).
See also Dutch zeer (“sore, ache”), Danish sår (“wound”), German sehr (“very”); also Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”), Welsh hoed (“pain”), Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”).
Senses: examples: text: And they answered Ioshua, and said, Because it was certainely told thy seruants, how that the Lord thy God commanded his seruant Moses to giue you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you, therefore we were sore afraid of our liues because of you, and haue done this thing.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 9:24:
text: But on that day when Lancelot fled the lists, / His party, knights of utmost North and West, / Lords of waste marches, kings of desolate isles, / Came round their great Pendragon, saying to him / 'Lo, Sire, our knight thro' whom we won the day / Hath gone sore wounded, and hath left his prize / Untaken, crying that his prize is death.'
ref: 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Elaine”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 174–175:
text: Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out.
ref: 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The Old Punt: A Curious ‘Turnpike’”, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 19–20:
glosses: Very, excessively, extremely (of something bad).
examples: text: And indeed I blamed myself and sore repented me of having taken compassion on him and continued in this condition, suffering fatigue not to be described, […]
ref: 1885, Richard F. Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night:
text: [… they] were often sore pressed to follow the trail at all, and at best were so delayed that in the afternoon of the second day, they still had not overhauled the fugitive.
ref: 1919, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Jungle Tales of Tarzan:
glosses: Sorely.
sore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sô
ipa: /sɔː/
enpr: sôr
ipa: /soɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
enpr: sōr
ipa: /so(ː)ɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /soə/
homophone: soar
homophone: saw (non-rhotic)
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: sores
Etymology: From Middle English sor, from Old English sār (“ache, wound”, noun) and sār (“painful, grievous”, adjective), from Proto-West Germanic *sair, from Proto-Germanic *sairaz (adjective) from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂eyro-, enlargement of *sh₂ey- (“to be fierce, afflict”).
See also Dutch zeer (“sore, ache”), Danish sår (“wound”), German sehr (“very”); also Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”), Welsh hoed (“pain”), Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”).
Senses: examples: text: They put ointment and a bandage on the sore.
glosses: An injured, infected, inflamed or diseased patch of skin.
examples: text: I see plainly where his sore lies.
ref: 1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:
glosses: Grief; affliction; trouble; difficulty.
Derived terms: canker sore
cold sore
desert sore
fuck sore
oriental sore
pressure sore
running sore
saddle sore
veld sore
veldt sore
weak sore
sore
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: sô
ipa: /sɔː/
enpr: sôr
ipa: /soɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
enpr: sōr
ipa: /so(ː)ɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /soə/
homophone: soar
homophone: saw (non-rhotic)
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: sores
form: soring
form: sored
form: sored
Etymology: From Middle English sor, from Old English sār (“ache, wound”, noun) and sār (“painful, grievous”, adjective), from Proto-West Germanic *sair, from Proto-Germanic *sairaz (adjective) from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂eyro-, enlargement of *sh₂ey- (“to be fierce, afflict”).
See also Dutch zeer (“sore, ache”), Danish sår (“wound”), German sehr (“very”); also Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”), Welsh hoed (“pain”), Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”).
Senses: glosses: To mutilate the legs or feet of (a horse) in order to induce a particular gait.
Derived terms: soring
Related terms: blister
lesion
ulcer
sore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sô
ipa: /sɔː/
enpr: sôr
ipa: /soɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
enpr: sōr
ipa: /so(ː)ɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /soə/
homophone: soar
homophone: saw (non-rhotic)
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: sores
Etymology: From Middle English sor (“sorrel”), from Old French sor (“sorrel; reddish”). Compare French saur (“(archaic) reddish-brown; describing a young bird of prey”).
Senses: examples: text: Of the soare faulcon so I learn to fly
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, An Hymne of Heavenly Beautie:
glosses: A young hawk or falcon in its first year.
examples: text: Some say a Sore, but not a sore, till now made sore with shooting.
The Dogges did yell, put ell to Sore, then Sorell iumps from thicket:
Or Pricket-sore, or else Sorell, the people fall a hooting.
If Sore be sore, then ell to Sore, makes fiftie sores O sorell:
Of one sore I an hundred make by adding but one more L.
ref: c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:
glosses: A young buck in its fourth year.
dynasty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪnəsti/
ipa: /ˈdaɪnəsti/
Forms: form: dynasties
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French dynastie, from Late Latin dynastia, from Ancient Greek δυναστεία (dunasteía, “power, dominion”).
Senses: examples: text: Habsburg dynasty; Ottoman dynasty
text: A dynasty is nothing but the successful orchestration of treachery.
ref: 2023, Stewart Stafford, A Wager After Midnight
synonyms: house
succession
glosses: A series of rulers or dynasts from one family.
examples: text: To the loyal and to the blood-lovers, in the good families and in the fiery dynasties, life is family and family is life. It is the same people who give advice and their vices to live well who turn out to be the ones who give resource and reason to live long.
ref: 2016, Criss Jami, Healology
synonyms: clan
house
lineage
glosses: A family considered over time, with its ancestors and descendants
examples: text: During the Ming dynasty, China was ruled by the Zhu family.
qualifier: East Asian history
glosses: The polity or historical era under the rule of a certain dynasty.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A team or organization which has an extended period of success or dominant performance.
Derived terms: dynastic
dynastical
dynastically
Han dynasty
Ming dynasty
Qing dynasty
Satavahana dynasty
Song dynasty
subdynasty
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Yuan dynasty
maven
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪvn̩/
enpr: māvən
ipa: /ˈmeɪv(ə)n/
rhymes: -eɪvən
Forms: form: mavens
form: mavin
form: mayven
form: mayvin
Etymology: From Yiddish מבֿין (meyvn, “connoisseur, expert, know-it-all”), from Hebrew מֵבִין (mevín, “one who understands, connoisseur, expert”), from הֵבִין (hevín, “to understand”). The word is said to have been popularized by its use in an advertising campaign for Vita Herring launched in the United States in 1964, which had a character called the “beloved [herring] maven” promoting the product.
Senses: examples: text: Connectors know people—lots of people. Mavens know about things. They know, or find out first, what is going on. Connectors, says [Malcolm] Gladwell, need mavens to tell them what to buzz about.
ref: 2003, Joseph H. Boyett, Jimmie T. Boyett, “All You Need is Buzz”, in The Guru Guide to Marketing: A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from Today’s Top Marketers, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 207:
text: Besides an executive sponsor, you need to find a technology maven, someone within the company who understands the new technology. A maven, as defined in Malcolm Gladwell's The Tipping Point, is a person who has both information and the social skills to pass it along. The challenge in a situation such as this one is that the maven might be outside of IT.
ref: 2006 January 23, Virginia Robbins, “Opinion: Eight Steps to Leadership”, in Dan Tennant, editor, Computerworld: The Voice of IT Management, volume 40, number 4, Framingham, Mass.: Computerworld, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19, column 2:
text: The goal for any media company is to be a maven—and therefore highly adept at using multiple channels of social media communication well.
ref: 2010, Rachel Davis Mersey, “Paying for It All”, in Can Journalism Be Saved?: Rediscovering America’s Appetite for News, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, part 3 (A New Model of Journalism), page 118:
synonyms: word: cognoscente
word: connoisseur
word: adept
word: ace
word: artist
word: buff
word: crackerjack
word: crack hand
word: dab
word: dab hand
word: dabster
word: don hand
word: expert
word: Jedi Master
word: master
word: maven
word: old hand
word: old soldier
word: old stager
word: past master
word: proficient
word: top gun
word: whiz
word: wiz
word: wizard
word: veteran
antonyms: word: campaigner
word: cognoscente
word: connoisseur
word: expert
word: journeyman
word: knowbie
word: master
word: maven
word: old hand
word: old sweat
word: oldbie
word: oldtimer
word: skilled person
word: specialist
word: trouper
word: veteran
glosses: An expert in a given field; also, a person who is interested in and knowledgeable about a particular activity or thing; an aficionado.
Derived terms: mavenhood
mavenry
webmaven
ferry
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɛɹ.i/
ipa: /ˈfeɹ.i/
homophone: fairy stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
rhymes: -ɛɹi
Forms: form: ferries
form: ferrying
form: ferried
form: ferried
Etymology: From Middle English ferien (“to carry, convey, convey in a boat”), from Old English ferian (“to carry, convey, bear, bring, lead, conduct, betake oneself to, be versed in, depart, go”), from Proto-West Germanic *farjan, from Proto-Germanic *farjaną (“to make or let go, transfer, ferry”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to bring or carry over, transfer, pass through”).
Cognate with Dutch veren (“to ferry”), German dialectal feren, fähren (“to row, sail”), Danish færge (“to ferry”), Faroese, Icelandic ferja (“to ferry”), Norwegian Bokmål ferge, ferje (“ferry”), Norwegian Nynorsk ferja, ferje, ferju (“to ferry”), Swedish färja (“to ferry”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (farjan, “to sail, row”). Related to fare.
Senses: examples: text: Trucks plowed through the water to ferry flood victims to safety.
text: We ferried our stock in U-Haul trailers, and across the months, as we purchased more cowflesh from the Goat Man — meat vanishing into the ether again and again, as if into some quarkish void — we became familiar enough with Sloat and his daughter to learn that her name was Flozelle, and to visit with them about matters other than stock.
ref: 2007, Rick Bass, The Lives of Rocks:
glosses: To carry; transport; convey.
examples: text: Being a good waiter takes more than the ability to ferry plates of food around a restaurant.
text: A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays. […] This would also let high-speed trains skirt cities as moving platforms ferry passengers to and from the city centre.
ref: 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):
glosses: To move someone or something from one place to another, usually repeatedly.
glosses: To carry or transport over a contracted body of water, as a river or strait, in a boat or other floating conveyance plying between opposite shores.
examples: text: They ferry over this Lethean sound / Both to and fro.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: To pass over water in a boat or by ferry.
Derived terms: unferried
working
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈwɝkɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)kɪŋ
Forms: form: workings
Etymology: From Middle English werking, werkynge, warkynge, worchinge, from Old English wyrċing (“working”), verbal noun of wyrċan (“to work”), equivalent to work + -ing. Cognate with Scots wirking, warking, Dutch werking, German Wirkung.
Senses: glosses: Operation; action.
glosses: Method of operation.
examples: text: Be sure to check your working.
topics: arithmetic
glosses: The incidental or subsidiary calculations performed in solving an overall problem.
glosses: Fermentation.
glosses: Becoming full of a vegetable substance.
raw_tags: of bodies of water
examples: text: the abandoned mine workings
glosses: A place where work is carried on.
examples: text: From time to time the coaches of the Lötschberg Railway itself, which in comfort and décor can rank with the finest in Europe today, travel far from the frontiers of Switzerland on through workings such as these.
ref: 1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:
glosses: A train movement.
Derived terms: cold working
empty stock working
even working
homeworking
home working
hybrid working
leather working
misworking
permissive working
sex working
trip working
warm working
working capital requirement
working horse
working lunch
working visit
working
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈwɝkɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)kɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English workyng, wirkynge, worchinge, werchinge, workinde, wirkand, worchende, wurchende, from Old English wyrċende, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), equivalent to work + -ing. Compare Scots wirkand, werkand, warkand (“working”), Dutch werkend (“working, acting”), German wirkend (“acting, working”).
Senses: examples: text: Leave him alone; he’s working.
glosses: present participle and gerund of work
working
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈwɝkɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)kɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English workyng, wirkynge, worchinge, werchinge, workinde, wirkand, worchende, wurchende, from Old English wyrċende, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), equivalent to work + -ing. Compare Scots wirkand, werkand, warkand (“working”), Dutch werkend (“working, acting”), German wirkend (“acting, working”).
Senses: examples: text: a working ventilator
glosses: That is or are functioning.
examples: text: a working copy of the script
text: a working title
glosses: That suffices but requires additional work; provisional.
examples: text: Working mothers have recently joined the factory's workforce.
glosses: In paid employment.
examples: text: the working week
glosses: Of or relating to employment.
examples: a working knowledge of computers
glosses: Enough to allow one to use something.
examples: text: The working minimum focus distance is the distance from the closest focusable subject to the lens.
glosses: Used in real life; practical.
examples: text: You ſee my Lord, what woorking woordes hee hath.
But when you ſee his actions ſtop ^([sic – meaning top]) his ſpeech,
Your ſpeech will ſtay, or ſo extol his worth,
As I ſhalbe commended and excuſde
For turning my poore charge to his direction.
ref: c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:
glosses: Efficacious.
Synonyms: sense: functioning
word: functioning
word: up:
raw_tags: used of computers
sense: that suffices but requires further work
word: draft
word: provisional
word: temporary
sense: in paid employment
word: employed
word: in employment
sense: of or relating to employment
word: work
sense: enough to allow one to use something
word: basic
Hyponyms: known-working
Derived terms: working beam
working bee
working capital
working class
working conditions
working day
working definition
working directory
working dog
working drawing
working end
working environment
working family
working farm
working from home
working girl
working group
working hours
working hypothesis
working knowledge
working language
working life
working majority
working mass
working memory
working order
working papers
working part
working party
working poor
working pressure
working proof
working sail
working set
working stiff
working-storage section
working terrier
working time
working timetable
working title
working vocabulary
working week
Related terms: work
evident
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛv.ɪ.dənt/
ipa: /ˈɛv.ə.dənt/
Forms: form: more evident
form: most evident
Etymology: From Middle English evident, from Old French evident, from Latin ēvidēns (“visible, apparent, clear, plain”) (compare Late Latin ēvideor (“to appear plainly”)), from ē (“out”) + videō (“see”), present participle vidēns, deponent videor (“to appear, seem”). Displaced native Old English sweotol.
Senses: examples: text: It was evident she was angry, after she slammed the door.
text: Maccario, it was evident, did not care to take the risk of blundering upon a picket, and a man led them by twisting paths until at last the hacienda rose blackly before them.
ref: 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 26, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:
synonyms: word: apparent
word: arrant
word: undoubted
word: glaring
word: bait
word: blatant
word: clear
word: clear as a bell
word: clear as day
word: clear cut
word: crystal clear
word: cut and dried
word: decided
word: elucidate
word: evident
word: eyely
word: intuitive
word: manifest
word: notable
word: noticeable
word: obvious
word: open-and-shut
word: ostensible
word: palpable
word: patent
word: plain
word: plain as a haystack
word: plain as a pikestaff
word: plain as day
word: plain as Dunstable highway
word: plain as porridge
word: plain as print
word: plain as Salisbury
word: plain as the nose on one's face
word: prima facie
word: res ipsa loquitur
word: straightforward
word: undissembled
glosses: Obviously true by simple observation.
Derived terms: evidently
evidentness
inevident
nonevident
self-evident
superevident
tamper-evident
unevident
Related terms: evidence
evidential
oenophile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈiː.nəʊˌfaɪl/
/ˈiː.nəˌfaɪl/
Forms: form: oenophiles
form: enophile
form: œnophile
Etymology: From oeno- + -phile.
Senses: examples: text: The oenophile had a large wine cellar stocked with bottles from around the world.
text: With this kind of experience and depth in the wine cellar, the servers can offer exotic flights and other temptations for oenophiles that few Orange County restaurants can equal.
ref: 2008 December, Anne Valdespino, “Mr. Stox”, in Orange Coast, volume 34, number 12, →ISSN, page 139:
text: Wines can be described with words like cigar box and “pencil lead,” or flinty or with hints of sandalwood — oenophiles can veer into what many might deem pretentiousness pretty quick.
ref: 2023 March 24, Laura Reiley, “Could nonalcoholic wine be the toast of the town?”, in The Washington Post:
glosses: A person who has a fondness or appreciation for wine.
Synonyms: oenophilist
vinophile
Related terms: oenophilic
oenophilia
Battle of Britain
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.
ridley
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ridleys
Etymology: Unknown origin.
Senses: glosses: Any of the marine turtles of the genus Lepidochelys, found in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Derived terms: Kemp's ridley
Kemp's ridley sea turtle
olive ridley
olive ridley sea turtle
Pacific ridley