cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
dry rot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dryrot
form: dry-rot
Senses: examples: text: They are, for the most part, low-roofed, mouldy rooms, where innumerable rolls of parchment, which have been perspiring in secret for the last century, send forth an agreeable odour, which is mingled by day with the scent of the dry-rot, and by night with the various exhalations which arise from damp cloaks, festering umbrellas, and the coarsest tallow candles.
ref: 1836, Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers., archived from the original on 11 Aug 2014:
glosses: The crumbly, decayed portions of wooden members of buildings, especially at or below grade, usually caused by a fungal infection.
examples: text: Therefore I am like a moth to Ephraim, and like dry rot to the house of Judah.
ref: 1952, RSV, Hosea 5:12:
glosses: Any progression of decay, corruption, or obsolescence.
topics: biology
botany
medicine
natural-sciences
pathology
phytopathology
sciences
glosses: A fungal infection which affects plants, in particular potatoes.
Millerite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Millerites
Etymology: From Miller + -ite.
Senses: examples: text: The voices of the Millerites were heard singing and shouting and exhorting each other to stand firm, and to see to it that their lamps were trimmed and burning, ready for the awful moment whenever it might come. Still - nothing happened!
ref: 1924, Clara Endicott Sears, chapter 8, in Days of Delusion - A Strange Bit of History:
topics: Christianity
glosses: One who followed the calculations of William Miller or his followers that the world would end on October 22, 1844; when it did not, the Great Disappointment occurred. The subsequent denominations his movement spawned include the Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses and the (Campbellite) Restorationists.
examples: ref: 1954 October 10, “Gary Officials Hunt Deer in Dune Dispute”, in Chicago Tribune, page S1:
text: On the other hand, Millerites succeeded in resisting annexation at this time.
ref: 1979, James B. Lane, City of the Century: A History of Gary, Indiana, page 46:
text: As a Millerite living within one block from the beach, Miller Beach is truly a hidden treasure in Northwest Indiana.
ref: 2003 July 7, Ricardo Cazares, “Beauty in Gary”, in Chicago Tribune, page 15:
glosses: A resident of any community known as Miller; often specifically a resident of Miller Beach, in Gary, Indiana
mimeograph
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mimeographs
Etymology: Coined by A. B. Dick in 1889 and originally a trade name. From Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos), combining form mimeo + -graph.
Senses: examples: text: So it also is in regard to the mimeograph, whose forerunner, the electric pen, was born of Edison's brain in 1877. He had been long impressed by the desirability of the rapid production of copies of written documents, and, as we have seen by a previous chapter, he invented the electric pen for this purpose, only to improve upon it later with a more desirable device
ref: 1910, Frank Lewis Dyer, Thomas Commerford Martin, chapter 27, in Edison, His Life and Inventions:
text: The old “work horse” of the office, the mimeograph, was a starred performer at the National Business Show, which was recently held at the New York Coliseum. Although glamour equipment such as the electronic computers have had most of the headlines in recent years, the mimeograph machine is still grinding out billions of copies of material a year.
ref: 1956 November 8, Alexander R. Hammer, “Duplicator Still The ‘Work Horse’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A machine for making printed copies using typed stencil, eventually superseded by photocopying.
Synonyms: mimeo
stencil duplicator
Coordinate terms: hectograph
Derived terms: mimeographer
mimeographic
mimeographical
mimeographically
mimeographist
mimeography
Related terms: homeograph
homeography
mimeotype
photostat
mimeograph
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: mimeographs
form: mimeographing
form: mimeographed
form: mimeographed
Etymology: Coined by A. B. Dick in 1889 and originally a trade name. From Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos), combining form mimeo + -graph.
Senses: examples: text: Even the ultra-respectable "Evening Transcript", organ of the Brahmins of culture, was down for $144 for typing, mimeographing and sending out "dope" to the country press.
ref: 1917, Upton Sinclair, The Profits of Religion […] :
glosses: To make mimeograph copies.
Verena
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A female given name of German origin
dotage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdoʊtɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈdəʊtɪdʒ/
Forms: form: dotages
Etymology: From Middle English dotage, from doten (“to dote”) + -age; equivalent to dote + -age.
Senses: examples: text: "More care!" said the old man in a shrill voice, […] there were in his face marks of deep and anxious thought which convinced me that he could not be, as I had been at first inclined to suppose, in a state of dotage or imbecility.
ref: 1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, “Chapter the First”, in The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1841, →OCLC, page 41:
glosses: Decline in judgment and other cognitive functions, associated with aging; senility.
examples: text: Claudio And ſhe is exceeding wiſe.
Prince In euery thing but in louing Benedicke. […] I would ſhee had beſtowed this dotage on mee, […]
ref: 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], signature D2, verso:
glosses: Fondness or attentiveness, especially to an excessive degree.
examples: text: No leſs are they out of the way in Philoſophy, peſtring their heads with the ſapleſs dotages of old Paris and Salamanca.
ref: 1642 April, John Milton, An Apology for Smectymnuus; republished in A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton, […], volume I, Amsterdam [actually London: s.n.], 1698, →OCLC, page 193:
glosses: Foolish utterance(s); drivel.
Synonyms: sense: loss of mental acuity associated with aging
word: second childhood
Derived terms: anecdotage
sacerdotage
Related terms: dotard
tenderize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɛndərʌɪz/
Forms: form: tenderizes
form: tenderizing
form: tenderized
form: tenderized
Etymology: From tender + -ize.
Senses: glosses: To make (something, especially meat) tender.
Derived terms: tenderizer
manifest destiny
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Manifest Destiny
Etymology: Popularly attributed to newspaper editor John O'Sullivan (1813–1895). The phrase was first used primarily by Jackson Democrats in the 1840s to promote the annexation of much of what is now the Western United States.
Senses: glosses: The political doctrine or belief held by the United States of America, particularly during its expansion, that the nation was destined to expand toward the west.
glosses: The political doctrine or belief held by many citizens of the United States of America that their system is best, and the idea that all humans would like to become Americans.
glosses: The belief that God supports the expansion of the United States of America throughout the entire North American continent except Mexico.
manifest destiny
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: manifests destiny
form: manifesting destiny
form: manifested destiny
form: manifested destiny
form: Manifest Destiny
Etymology: Popularly attributed to newspaper editor John O'Sullivan (1813–1895). The phrase was first used primarily by Jackson Democrats in the 1840s to promote the annexation of much of what is now the Western United States.
Senses: examples: text: The Homestead Acts allowed millions of settlers to populate unclaimed land and manifest destiny out on the frontier.
glosses: To exercise and realize manifest destiny; to enable the cultural and political expansion of the United States of America.
Related terms: American Dream
American way
benevolent assimilation
fitfully
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more fitfully
form: most fitfully
Etymology: From fitful + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: He slept fitfully, plagued by bad dreams and a persistent cough.
text: The cabin lamp—taking long swings this way and that— was burning fitfully, and casting fitful shadows upon the old man’s bolted door […]
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 123, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: The train for Marmion left Boston at four o'clock in the afternoon, and rambled fitfully toward the southern cape, while the shadows grew long in the stony pastures […]
ref: 1885–1886, Henry James, chapter XXXV, in The Bostonians […], London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 16 February 1886, →OCLC:
text: We shivered miserably throughout the night. Now and again fitfully slept, but the pain of the cold always aroused me.
ref: 1904, Jack London, chapter 36, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
synonyms: word: in fits and starts
word: fitfully
word: discontinuously
word: in fits and starts
word: intermittently
word: patchily
word: spasmodically
word: sporadically
glosses: In a fitful manner; irregularly or unsteadily.
unsteadily
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more unsteadily
form: most unsteadily
Etymology: From unsteady + -ly or un- + steadily.
Senses: examples: text: He climbed the stairs unsteadily, grasping the banister and gasping for breath.
text: Terry's fist lashed out, but Simpson, anticipating the blow, stepped quickly to one side. Another followed, however, and caught the older man fairly on the chin, sent him reeling back. He stood swaying unsteadily, a little smile on his lips.
ref: 1936, F.J. Thwaites, chapter XX, in The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards, published 1940, page 205:
glosses: In an unsteady manner, so as to shake or falter.
examples: text: "I reckon. It's powerful fine to hear that," replied Lassiter, unsteadily.
ref: 1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 21, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:
glosses: In an uncertain manner; with hesitation or timidity.
galilee
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: galilees
Etymology: From late Middle English galilie, from Old French galilee, from Medieval Latin galilaea, from Latin Galilaea (“Galilee”). Possibly the allusion is to Galilee being an outlying region of Biblical Palestine.
Senses: topics: architecture
glosses: A narthex, particularly in the United Kingdom and the Church of England; a vestibule, a fully-enclosed yet porch-like structure, leading to the main body of an English ecclesiastical building.
glosses: In certain Syriac Christian churches, the baptistry.
tribady
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tribadies
Etymology: From tribade.
Senses: examples: text: The law notwithstanding, memoirs show the atmosphere of the French court of the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries to have been irreligious, with male homosexuality and tribady open and well-represented.
ref: 1988, David F Greenberg, The Construction of Homosexuality, Chicago, published 1990, page 315:
glosses: Lesbianism; tribadism.
glosses: A lesbian.
thunder thighs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From the idea of a heavy person making thunderous noise while walking.
Senses: examples: text: How much art and science would it take to sculpt her formless putty into a classically chiseled profile, to raise her pendulous breasts, thin her thunder thighs, flatten her wattled stomach, remake her into the image that men called beautiful?
ref: 2014, Olivia Goldsmith, Flavor of the Month, Diversion Publishing Corp., →ISBN:
text: The bulging biceps were exposed and his thunder thighs showed through his fitted black slacks; it made me want to touch him all over to see if he was real.
ref: 2015, Mary B. Morrison, If I Can't Have You, Kensington Books, →ISBN:
glosses: Fat thighs or thighs of great cellulite or stretch marks.
thunder thighs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From the idea of a heavy person making thunderous noise while walking.
Senses: examples: text: I just got schooled by a fifth grader, I think in amazement as the four-foot-nothing fireball jogs down the court, arms akimbo, stomach heaving up and down. “Ha-ha, there goes thunder thighs!”
ref: 2011, Camille Noe Pagan, The Art of Forgetting: A Novel, Penguin, →ISBN:
text: Whoa Scott, you really shouldn't be eating Janet's donuts!
Haha, don't worry, miss "thunder thighs" could do without the extra--
ref: 2015 January 6, Chris Hallbeck, “Donuts”, in Maximumble (comic):
glosses: A person, usually a woman, with fat thighs.
Related terms: thunder-thighed
shockumentary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shockumentaries
Etymology: Blend of shock + documentary.
Senses: examples: text: The ransom was to be propaganda: a broadcast on Norwegian television of the anti-abortion shockumentary, The Silent Scream.
ref: 2000, Peter Schjeldahl, “A Theft in Norway: March 8, 1994”, in Deborah Chasman, Edna Chiang, editors, Drawing Us In: How We Experience Visual Art, Beacon Press, →ISBN, page 1:
glosses: A form of documentary used to generate a reactionary effect in an audience; especially such a documentary containing scenes of violence, gore, or other disturbing imagery.
paramorphic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɛɹəˈmɔɹfɪk/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)fɪk
Senses: synonyms: paramorphous
glosses: Of, relating to, or produced by paramorphism.
paramorphism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: paramorphisms
Etymology: From para- + -morphism.
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A change in the physical structure of a mineral without any chemical change.
Related terms: paramorphic
parish house
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: parish houses
Senses: glosses: A rectory or vicarage.
parodying
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæɹədi.ɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈpɛɹədi.ɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈpæɹədi.ɪŋ/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of parody
parodying
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæɹədi.ɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈpɛɹədi.ɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈpæɹədi.ɪŋ/
Forms: form: parodyings
Senses: examples: text: According to Stoddard, a little group at one time during this period headed by Taylor delighted to meet on certain ambrosial nights to dissipate in poetic composition, in deliberate burlesquings and parodyings and imitatings of the various poets […]
ref: 1923, Fred Lewis Pattee, Development of the American Short Story: An Historical Survey:
glosses: An instance of parody.
heighth
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪθ/
ipa: /haɪtθ/
rhymes: -aɪθ
rhymes: -aɪtθ
Forms: form: heighths
Etymology: From Old English hēahþu, hīehþu, equivalent to high + -th. Cognate with Dutch hoogte (“height”).
Senses: examples: text: And from hence also shall be the geodesy of the Icosaedrum. For the finding out of the heighth of the pyramis, there is the semidiagony of the side of the decangle and the halfe ray of the circle: But the side of the decangle is a right line subtending the halfe periphery of the side of the quinquangle, or else the greater segment of the ray proportionally cut.
ref: 1636, Peter Ramus, translated by Peter Bedwell, The Way To Geometry: [Being Necessary and Usefull for Astronomers, Enginees, Geographers,. Architects, Land-meaters, Carpenters, Sea-men & Etc.], pages 277–278:
text: In the Infancy of the World, Governments began with little Families and Colonies of Men; so that, when ever any Government arrived to greater Heighth than the rest, either by the great Wisdom or Courage of the Government, they afterwards grew a pace...
ref: 1690, Nicholas Barbon, A Discourse of Trade:
text: 'Why then to me this restless World's but Hell,
Till this mishapen trunks aspiring head
'Be circled in a glorious Diadem --
But then 'tis fixt on such an heighth, O!...
ref: 1700, Colley Cibber, Richard III:
text: The heighth of the celestial happiness is to see God (...).
ref: 1809, James Grey Jackson, An Account of the Empire of Marocco, London, page 169:
text: "[…] That! that, is the print of a foot, but 'tis the dark hair's; and small it is, too, for one of such a noble heighth and grand appearance! […]"
ref: 1826, James Fenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans:
text: The four of us were dressed in the heighth of fashion, which in those days was a pair of black very tight tights with the old jelly mould, as we called it, […]
ref: 1962, Anthony Burgess, A Clockwork Orange, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, published 1963, →ISBN, page 4:
qualifier: obsolete outside US dialects
glosses: Alternative form of height.
paronomastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more paronomastic
form: most paronomastic
Senses: glosses: of, or relating to paronomasia; punning
participial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Latin participiālis, from participium (“participle”).
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Of, relating to, or being a participle.
Derived terms: nonparticipial
participial adjective
participialization
participial phrase
past participial
present participial
pseudo-participial
participial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: participials
Etymology: From Latin participiālis, from participium (“participle”).
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: a participle
Derived terms: participialize
participially
Related terms: participle
passionflower
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: passionflowers
form: Passionflower
form: passion flower
form: Passion flower
form: passion-flower
Etymology: Calque of Italian fior della Passione or Latin flōs Passiōnis; after the appearance and number of its various parts, thought to be symbolic of Christ's passion.
Senses: examples: text: The Priests observed frequent fasts, and abstained at all times from certain animals and fruits, especially from the Granadilla, the fruit of the Passion-flower, because, say the lying Jesuits, of the mysteries which are signified in that marvellous blossom: the people also were frequently required to fast.
ref: 1819, Robert Southey, chapter XXXIV, in History of Brazil, 3rd part, London: […] [William Pople] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], →OCLC, page 185:
glosses: Any of very many vines, in North America and elsewhere, of the genus Passiflora that bear edible fruit called passion fruit, and showy flowers of a structure symbolic of the Passion of Christ.
glosses: The flower of this plant.
Related terms: Passiflora
passion fruit
pastoralism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pastoralisms
Etymology: From pastoral + -ism.
Senses: glosses: The state of being pastoral.
glosses: animal husbandry; the raising and herding of farm animals
Derived terms: agropastoralism
pedal pushers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛdl̩ ˌpʊʃəz/
ipa: /ˈpɛdəl ˌpʊʃɚz/
Forms: form: pedal-pushers
Etymology: From pedal pusher (“cyclist”) + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum and regular plurals of nouns), as they were originally worn by cyclists.
Senses: examples: text: Medium close shot of a tall slender girl of fifteen with the face of a Nordic madonna. no, proclaims the apron attached to the waistband of her ragged pedal pushers; no, no, the patches over her budding breasts.
ref: 1948 August, Aldous Huxley, “The Script”, in Ape and Essence, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 96:
text: He drove beneath a canopy of elms, then along a stretch of open shore, then past the municipal docks, where a woman in pedal pushers stood casting for bullheads.
ref: 1987, Tim O’Brien, “Speaking of Courage”, in The Things They Carried […], Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin/Seymour Lawrence, published 1990, →ISBN, page 127:
text: Tall and handsome, Ms. [Cherry] Jones, 53, was wearing pedal pushers and a gray T-shirt but had kept on her high-buttoned Mrs. Warren boots. Her manner was not unlike her outfit: forthright, unaffected, a little playful.
ref: 2010 September 5, Charles McGrath, “Single, and singular, women become her”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 Nov 2022:
text: I will always remember the floral broadcloth blouse, pedal pushers, sun hat, and cotton sneakers she wore while picking strawberries.
ref: 2021 September 16, Charles Harbison, “Always the Gold Sandal”, in Jeffrey Goldberg, editor, The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 Apr 2023:
coordinate_terms: capri pants
clamdiggers
glosses: Women's casual trousers, usually fairly form-fitting, that end at the calves.
Derived terms: english: attributive form
translation: attributive form
word: pedal-pusher
pedal pushers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛdl̩ ˌpʊʃəz/
ipa: /ˈpɛdəl ˌpʊʃɚz/
Etymology: From pedal pusher (“cyclist”) + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum and regular plurals of nouns), as they were originally worn by cyclists.
Senses: glosses: plural of pedal pusher
pedal pusher
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pedal pushers
form: pedal-pusher
Senses: glosses: A cyclist.
Derived terms: pedal pushers
pedantical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more pedantical
form: most pedantical
Etymology: From pedant + -ical.
Senses: glosses: Pedantic.
Derived terms: pedantically
pedanticalness
pedes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /piːdz/
rhymes: -iːdz
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: pediatrics
pedes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /piːdz/
rhymes: -iːdz
ipa: /ˈpeɪ̯.deɪ̯s/
rhymes: -eɪdeɪs
ipa: /piːdz/
rhymes: -iːdz
Senses: glosses: plural of pes
peer editing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: a teaching technique in which students read, and comment on each other's written work
Related terms: peer review
pennaceous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more pennaceous
form: most pennaceous
Etymology: From Latin penna (“feather”) + -aceous.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
ornithology
glosses: having the structure of a normal feather
Coordinate terms: plumulaceous
pentadic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pentad + -ic.
Senses: glosses: of, or relating to a pentad
pentad
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛnˌtæd/
ipa: /ˈpɛntad/
Forms: form: pentads
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πεντάς (pentás), from πέντε (pénte, “five”) + -άς (-ás, “-ad”), equivalent to pent- + -ad.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of quintet: A group of five things, particularly
Synonym of quinquennium: a five-year period, especially in reference to the first and second halves of calendrical decades.
synonyms: word: quinquennium
extra: a five-year period, especially in reference to the first and second halves of calendrical decades
topics: climatology
natural-sciences
glosses: Synonym of quintet: A group of five things, particularly
A five-day period, especially a temperature average taken every five days.
glosses: Synonym of quintet: A group of five things, particularly
A five-day division of the Chinese calendar, forming part of a solar term (Chinese: 候).
examples: text: Nitrogen is a pentad in the ammonium compounds.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Synonym of quintet: A group of five things, particularly
A pentavalent element or group: an atom or molecule with a valence of five, comparable with five atoms of hydrogen.
Derived terms: pentadic
Reynolds' pentad
perimorphic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɛɹɪˈmɔɹfɪk/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)fɪk
Etymology: From perimorph + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to perimorphism or a perimorph.
perimorphism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From perimorph + -ism.
Senses: glosses: The formation of perimorphs.
perimorph
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: perimorphs
Etymology: From peri- + -morph.
Senses: topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A mineral enclosed within another.
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The outer mineral that encloses an endomorph.
Derived terms: perimorphic
perimorphism
Related terms: melamorph
personalized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of personalize
personalized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more personalized
form: most personalized
Senses: glosses: adapted to the needs of an individual
glosses: embodied
Derived terms: nonpersonalized
personalized medicine
semipersonalized
unpersonalized
personalize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/
ipa: /ˈpɜːs.nə.laɪz/
ipa: /ˈpɝ.sə.nəˌlaɪz/
ipa: /ˈpɝs.nəˌlaɪz/
ipa: /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.lɑɪz/
ipa: /ˈpɜːs.nə.lɑɪz/
Forms: form: personalizes
form: personalizing
form: personalized
form: personalized
form: personalise
Etymology: From personal + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: These "Eternal Ones of the Dream" are not to be confused with the personally modified symbolic figures that appear in nightmare and madness to the still tormented individual. Dream is the personalized myth, myth the depersonalized dream; both myth and dream are symbolic in the same general way of the dynamics of the psyche.
ref: 1968, Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, 2nd edition, London: Fontana Press, published 1993, page 19:
text: “Over the past month, the Department has held three separate meetings with the ACLU to receive feedback and engage the organization in the solutions,” the department said in a statement. “As a result of the meetings, the Department agrees that publishing FIO statistics going forward is necessary, and the Department is working toward personalizing interactions between officers and citizens.”
ref: 2014 October 9, Marina Carver, “Study finds Boston police target African-Americans disproportionately”, in CNN:
text: In a draft of their paper, the unnamed researchers describe how they not only used AI to generate responses, but attempted to personalize its replies based on information gleaned from the original poster’s prior Reddit history.
ref: 2025 April 28, Karissa Bell, “Researchers secretly experimented on Reddit users with AI-generated comments”, in Engadget:
glosses: To adapt something to the needs or tastes of an individual.
glosses: To represent something abstract as a person; to embody.
examples: text: Gloria Hull, best known as a Black Feminist literary critic, expands and personalizes her examination of creative thought in her first collection of poetry, Healing Heart.
ref: 1989 December 17, Terri L. Jewell, “A Poet's Revolution Of Life”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 23, page 7:
glosses: To imbue something with one's personality.
Derived terms: depersonalize
overpersonalize
personalizable
personalization
personalizer
repersonalize
petalomania
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From petal + -o- + -mania.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: The state of a flower having a larger multiple of the usual number of petals.
petroleum coke
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: petroleum cokes
Senses: glosses: A substance, mostly carbon, that is a byproduct of oil refining; used as a fuel or in many industrial applications.
pettishly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more pettishly
form: most pettishly
Etymology: From pettish + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Lady Mary turned pettishly away; no woman likes anybody but herself to depreciate a lover; it is personally an ill compliment.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Ranelagh”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 9:
text: "You are very dull this morning, Sheriff," said the youngest daughter of the house, who, being the baby and pretty, had grown pettishly privileged in speech.
ref: 1895, S. R. Crockett, A Cry Across the Black Water:
text: `Why did you keep me standing there in the cold?' he asked pettishly.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
text: [S]he complained pettishly of the heat and the flies and at length of the walk, and reduced Robert to the antics of an obsequious dog.
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 118:
glosses: In a pettish manner; peevishly.
pettish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more pettish
form: most pettish
Etymology: From pet + -ish.
Senses: examples: text: Indeed I would advise every single lady, if possible, to attend her inamorato, pretty frequently at the card table; and however genteel and agreeable his behaviour should be to herself, if he is hasty or pettish with any one else in company, she may depend on the same fate when once the knot is tied.
ref: 1795, Joseph Addison, “An Essay on Card-playing”, in Interesting Anecdotes, Memoirs, Allegories, Essays, and Poetical Fragments; Tending to Amuse the Fancy, and Inculcate Morality, page 67:
text: She drew a quick pettish breath of objection, writhing uneasily in her seat.
ref: 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles:
glosses: Bad-tempered; peevish.
Derived terms: pettishly
pettishness
phasic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfeɪzɪk/
rhymes: -eɪzɪk
Forms: form: more phasic
form: most phasic
Etymology: From phase + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to phases.
topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: Describing the discontinuous activity of excitable cells or tissues.
Derived terms: antiphasic
biphasic
diphasic
diplophasic
equiphasic
haplophasic
monophasic
multiphasic
nonphasic
phasically
phasicity
polyphasic
quadriphasic
respirophasic
triphasic
uniphasic
phelloplastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to phelloplasty.
phelloplastic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: phelloplastics
Senses: glosses: A model made from cork.
à propos
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: windows are favourite seats; and who knows how much may be effected in a tête-à-tête, by the crimson shade of the curtain flitting over a fair cheek à propos?
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 53:
text: "You are an awfully good sort," he said to her once a propos of nothing at all.
ref: 1915, W.S. Maugham, Of Human Bondage, chapter 121:
glosses: Alternative form of apropos.
phonographic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more phonographic
form: most phonographic
Senses: glosses: of or relating to phonography or to a phonograph
Derived terms: microphonographic
phonographically
phonography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɒɡɹəfi
Forms: form: phonographies
Etymology: From French phonographie.
Senses: glosses: The transcription of speech using symbols.
glosses: A form of shorthand using such symbols.
glosses: The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.
glosses: Pornography; explicit depiction of sexual subject matter.
Derived terms: cardiophonography
electrocardiophonography
phonographer
Related terms: phoneography
untenanted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + tenanted.
Senses: examples: text: As we have seen some quadrupedes formed to crop the surface of the fields, and others to live upon the tops of trees, so the Mole is formed to live wholly under the earth, as if Nature meant that no place should be left wholly untenanted.
ref: 1791, Oliver Goldsmith, chapter II, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume IV, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 90:
text: […] a throng of the revellers at once threw themselves into the black apartment, and, seizing the mummer, whose tall figure stood erect and motionless within the shadow of the ebony clock, gasped in unutterable horror at finding the grave cerements and corpse-like mask which they handled with so violent a rudeness, untenanted by any tangible form.
ref: 1842 May, Edgar Allan Poe, “The Mask of the Red Death: A Fantasy”, in Graham’s Magazine, volume 20, number 5, page 259:
text: The house looked as though it had been long untenanted. The windows were encrusted with dust, and the shutters were up.
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, chapter XX, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:
text: At five o'clock there will be few people in the broad pillared saloon, and usually the little round tables that obstruct the sidewalk before its doors are untenanted.
ref: 1905, Edgar Wallace, “Prologue: Thery’s Trade”, in The Four Just Men, London: The Tallis Press […], →OCLC, page 7:
text: Many years elapsed before the success of Kemp Town as a residential district was assured; the foundations of the estate were laid in 1823, but some houses remained untenanted until the 1850s.
ref: 1952 December, R. C. Riley, “By Rail to Kemp Town”, in Railway Magazine, page 832:
text: Peter Holmes left the club and drove down to the hardware store in Elizabeth Street where he had bought the motor mower. It was untenanted and empty of people, but somebody had broken in a door and it had been partially looted in that anyone who wanted anything had just walked in to take it.
ref: 1957, Neville Shute, chapter 9, in On the Beach, New York: William Morrow & Co:
synonyms: word: uninhabited
word: vacant
word: beingless
word: desert
word: deserted
word: desolate
word: disinhabited
word: inhabitantless
word: inhabited
word: lifeless
word: peopleless
word: solitary
word: tenantless
word: unhabited
word: uninhabited
word: unoccupied
word: unpeopled
word: unpopulated
word: untenanted
word: vacant
word: wasteful
glosses: Not leased to or occupied by a tenant; unoccupied.
photoelastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more photoelastic
form: most photoelastic
Etymology: From photo- + elastic.
Senses: glosses: exhibiting birefringence when stressed
raw_tags: of a material
glosses: of, or relating to photoelasticity
photonastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more photonastic
form: most photonastic
Senses: glosses: in response to light (and not just in the direction of the light source)
raw_tags: of the growth of a plant
Related terms: phototropic
phthisic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈ(f)θɪzɪk/
ipa: /ˈtɪzɪk/
rhymes: -ɪzɪk
Forms: form: phthisics
form: phthisick
form: tisick
form: phthisique
form: tisic
form: tizzic
form: tizzick
form: tissick
Etymology: From Middle English tisike, from Anglo-Norman, from Latin phthisicus (“suffering from tuberculosis”), from Ancient Greek φθισικός (phthisikós, “consumptive”), from φθίσις (phthísis, “tuberculosis, consumption”).
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: A wasting illness of the lungs, such as asthma or tuberculosis; consumption; phthisis.
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
qualifier: formerly
glosses: Any wasting disease.
glosses: A person suffering from phthisis.
glosses: Any wasting or shrinking of another body part such as, for example, the eye (phthisis bulbi).
phthisic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈ(f)θɪzɪk/
ipa: /ˈtɪzɪk/
rhymes: -ɪzɪk
Forms: form: phthisick
form: tisick
form: phthisique
form: tisic
form: tizzic
form: tizzick
form: tissick
Etymology: From Middle English tisike, from Anglo-Norman, from Latin phthisicus (“suffering from tuberculosis”), from Ancient Greek φθισικός (phthisikós, “consumptive”), from φθίσις (phthísis, “tuberculosis, consumption”).
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to phthisis or tuberculosis; tubercular; consumptive.
Derived terms: antiphthisic
phthisical
phthisicky
phytologic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From phyto- + -logic.
Senses: glosses: phytological
Derived terms: palaeophytologic
phytological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From phyto- + -logical.
Senses: glosses: of or relating to phytology
Derived terms: phytologically
zoophytological
phytology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: phytologies
Etymology: From phyto- + -logy.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: the study of plants; botany
Derived terms: hydrophytology
paleophytology
protophytology
piccadilly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: piccadillies
Senses: glosses: piccadill
piccadill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: piccadills
form: picadill
form: piccadell
form: piccadil
form: piccadilly
form: pickadell
form: pickadil
form: pickadill
form: pickadilly
Etymology: Possibly from Spanish picadillo, from picado (“punctured, pierced”); compare 17th century Spanish picadura (“a similar lace collar”).
Senses: examples: text: But he that some fortie or fifty yeares sithens should haue asked for a Pickadilly, I wonder who could haue vnderstood him, or could haue told what a Pickadilly had beene, either fish or flesh.
ref: 1614, Barnabee Rych, The Honestie of this Age: Proouing by Good Circumstance that the World was Neuer Honest Till Now, London: T.A., pages 37-8:
glosses: A large, broad lace collar from the 17th century.
Derived terms: Piccadilly
pièce montée
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pièces montées
Etymology: Borrowed from French pièce montée (“mounted piece”).
Senses: glosses: A decorative table ornament made from sugar, etc.
pightle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: pīt'-(ə)l
pĭd'-(ə)l
pĭk'-(ə)l
pīk'-(ə)l
Forms: form: pightles
form: piddle
form: pighell
form: pighill
form: pightal
form: pightel
form: pightell
form: picle
form: pikle
form: pingle
form: pycle
form: pyghtle
form: pykle
form: pytle
Etymology: Uncertain; probably a diminutive; forms widely attested from the early 13th century CE. Manning sees two different origins for the picle and pightle types, picle deriving from the verb to pick, as a portion of land picked off from a larger field, but pightle deriving from pight, an archaic past participle of the verb to pitch, as a portion of land pitched or set out from an open field. Since many dictionaries conflate the two terms, it is likely that they have influenced each other. Pingle seems to have appeared somewhat later than the other two types. Many instances of alternation with them are known, but it is unclear if it has a separate origin. Reformation by folk etymology with terms like piddle and pigtail is common.
Senses: glosses: A small piece of enclosed land, often by a hedge. Some authorities also indicate that a pightle tends to be associated with a house or messuage.
pig's trotter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pigs' trotters
Senses: glosses: the foot of a pig cooked as food
pillory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɪləɹi/
Forms: form: pillories
Etymology: From Middle English pilory, pillorie, from Old French pilori, pellori, which is either from Old Occitan espilori or Latin pīla (“pillar”).
Senses: examples: text: Maires and Maceris that meanes be betwene / The Kynge and the comon to kepe the lawes / To pũnyſhen on pyleries and pynning ſtoles / Bruſterrs and bakeſters, bochers and cokes / For theſe ar mẽ on this mold þᵉ moſt harme worketh / To the pore people that percel mele byghe[...]
ref: [c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “[Passus 3]”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...] (Cr, B-text) (in Middle English), London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC, folio xiii, verso:
english: Mayors and mace-bearers, the means are between / The king and the commons to see the law kept, / To punish on pillories and punishment stools / Brewers and bakers, butchers and cooks, / For these are this world's men that work the most harm / To the poor people that must buy piece-meal.
translation: Mayors and mace-bearers, the means are between / The king and the commons to see the law kept, / To punish on pillories and punishment stools / Brewers and bakers, butchers and cooks, / For these are this world's men that work the most harm / To the poor people that must buy piece-meal.
bold_translation_offsets: 110
119
text: Cros·! þou dost no trouþe ; / On a pillori· my fruit to pinne, / He haþ no spot· of Adam sinne ; / Flesch· and veines· nou fleo a-twinne, / Wherfore I· rede of routhe·:
ref: [c. 1400, “Dispute between Mary and the Cross”, in Richard Morris, editor, Legends of the Holy Rood: Symbols of the Passions and Cross Poems, stanza I, page 131:
text: The other replied, That for ought they could ſee, the men were quiet, and ſober, and intended no body any harm ; and that there were many that Traded in their fair, that were more worthy to be put into the Cage, yea, and the Pillory too, then were the men that they had abuſed.
ref: 1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, page 126:
glosses: A framework on a post, with holes for the hands and head, used as a means of punishment and humiliation.
Derived terms: pillorize
pillory
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɪləɹi/
Forms: form: pillories
form: pillorying
form: pilloried
form: pilloried
Etymology: From Middle English pilory, pillorie, from Old French pilori, pellori, which is either from Old Occitan espilori or Latin pīla (“pillar”).
Senses: glosses: To put in a pillory.
examples: text: Mike Sarne would end up making a celluloid disasterpiece that is to this day pilloried as one of the worst films ever made.
ref: 2008, Steven Daly, “Swinging into Disaster”, in Graydon Carter, editor, Vanity Fair’s Tales of Hollywood: Rebels, Reds, and Graduates and the Wild Stories Behind the Making of 13 Iconic Films, Penguin, →ISBN, page 242:
glosses: To subject to humiliation, scorn, ridicule or abuse.
examples: text: The breakthrough came through Torres who, pilloried for his miss against Manchester United a week earlier, scored his second goal of the season.
ref: 2011 September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4 - 1 Swansea”, in BBC Sport:
text: [T]o suggest that their mere acquaintance in any way undermines Pinker’s work would be to make the kind of ad hominem fallacy that he rightfully pillories in this book.
ref: 2021 September 29, Jennifer Szalai, “In ‘Rationality,’ Steven Pinker Sticks Up (Again) for Reason’s Role in Human Progress”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: To criticize harshly.
Pimbwe
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: a Bantu language of Tanzania
pit against
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: pits against
form: pitting against
form: pitted against
form: pitted against
Senses: examples: text: Two of the greatest tennis players will be pitted against each other in next week's final.
text: This prompted January's timetable consultation with options that, according to Chester ^([sic – meaning Cheshire]) West and Chester Councillor Andrew Cooper last March, pitted councils against each other.
ref: 2021 October 20, Philip Haigh, “Network News: Revised Manchester timetable due in December 2022”, in RAIL, number 942, page 27:
text: Some board members believed that Mr. Altman was trying to pit them against each other. Last month, they decided to act.
ref: 2023 December 9, Tripp Mickle, Cade Metz, Mike Isaac, Karen Weise, “Inside OpenAI’s Crisis Over the Future of Artificial Intelligence”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
synonyms: set against
glosses: To set in opposition to someone or something else.
plethoral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From plethora + -al.
Senses: glosses: having the characteristics of a plethora
polygenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From poly- + -genic.
Senses: examples: text: A risk score based on multiple genetic differences, or polygenic risk score, predicted significantly more cases of early-onset heart disease than standard tests for single genetic defects, according to new research in the American Heart Association’s journal Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine.
ref: 2018, American Heart Association, “Multi-gene Test Predicts Early Heart Disease Risk”, in Drug Discovery & Development:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
synonyms: multigenic
plurigenic
;
polygenetic[Appendix:Glossary#proscribed|proscribed]] in this sense>
glosses: controlled by the interaction of more than one gene
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: having an infinite number of derivatives at a point (otherwise it is monogenic)
raw_tags: of a function
Derived terms: polygenically
polymastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more polymastic
form: most polymastic
Etymology: From polymastia + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, or having polymastia.
polyphonic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɒlɪˈfɒnɪk/
Forms: form: more polyphonic
form: most polyphonic
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πολύφωνος (polúphōnos) + -ic. Equivalent to poly- + -phonic.
Senses: examples: text: a polyphonic ringtone
glosses: Of or relating to polyphony.
examples: Near-synonym: contrapuntal
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
coordinate_terms: monophonic
glosses: Having two or more independent but harmonic melodies.
glosses: Able to play more than one musical note at the same time.
raw_tags: of an electronic device
glosses: Capable of being read in more than one way.
raw_tags: of a text
Derived terms: micropolyphonic
nonpolyphonic
polyphonically
poolish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /puːlɪʃ/
ipa: /pulɪʃ/
Forms: form: poolishes
Etymology: Compare Polish and French pouliche.
Senses: examples: text: In order to ensure a lower acidity, the ideal time to add the poolish to the dough is when it has matured. At this point it will have domed slightly and will be just beginning to deflate. A long poolish produces more interesting aromas and requires […]
ref: 2003, Rose Levy Beranbaum, The Bread Bible, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 35:
synonyms: pre-ferment
sponge
bread starter
glosses: A mixture of flour and water with a little yeast; used to make some forms of dough.
post-paid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of postpaid.
postpaid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: post-paid
Etymology: Compound of post + paid.
Senses: qualifier: parcel
glosses: Having the cost of postage already paid or included in the price.
raw_tags: of a letter
postpaid
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: post-paid
Etymology: Compound of post + paid.
Senses: examples: text: The complete words and score … can be supplied by Dick & Fitzgerald, post-paid, on receipt of $2.00.
ref: 1903, M. F. Hutchinson, Princess Kiku, New York: Dick & Fitzgerald, page 6:
glosses: With the cost of postage already paid or included in the price.
postpaid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: post-paid
Etymology: From post- + paid.
Senses: antonyms: prepaid
glosses: Paid after the service (used especially of cellular phones).
postromantic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From post- + romantic.
Senses: glosses: Of the era following the romantic era (approximately 1880 to 1914).
postromantic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: postromantics
Etymology: From post- + romantic.
Senses: glosses: A writer or artist from that era.
post-romantic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of postromantic.
post romantic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of postromantic.
potichomania
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A process in which the inside of a glass vessel is painted or etched.
Related terms: mania
potiche
preadolescent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɛsənt
Forms: form: more preadolescent
form: most preadolescent
Etymology: From pre- + adolescent.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to preadolescence.
preadolescent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɛsənt
Forms: form: preadolescents
Etymology: From pre- + adolescent.
Senses: glosses: A child who has not yet reached puberty.
Synonyms: preteen