cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Kiel
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from German Kiel, named after Kiel Fjord of the Baltic Sea, from Old Norse kill (“gulf, bay”), from Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ, ultimately related to the verb *kīnaną (“to crack, split”). Doublet of kill (“creek”).
Senses: examples: text: An international research team led by materials scientists from Kiel University (CAU) has now taken a major step toward practical applications.
ref: 2021 November 15, “Nanomaterial 'aerographene' used to create extremely powerful pumps”, in Phys.org, archived from the original on 22 Oct 2025:
glosses: The capital city of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
glosses: A city in Calumet County and Manitowoc County, Wisconsin.
sing-song
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sing-songs
Senses: examples: text: As Jürgen Klopp took Sadio Mané in his arms and spun him like a beloved ballroom partner, there was a moment of sing-song communion with the Kop. They love these big fat emotional notes here.
ref: 2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, The Guardian:
glosses: Alternative form of singsong.
sing-song
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more sing-song
form: most sing-song
Senses: examples: text: [S]he put on a kind of sing-song voice whenever she was pissed, it was one of the signs that she was really gone […]
ref: 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section III, page 28:
text: Though Bane’s sing-song voice gives his pronouncements a funny lilt, he doesn’t have any of the Joker’s deranged wit, and Nolan isn’t interested in undercutting his seriousness for the sake of a breezier entertainment.
ref: 2012 July 18, Scott Tobias, “The Dark Knight Rises”, in AV Club:
glosses: Alternative form of singsong.
Kitt
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: * As an English surname, from Kit, a pet form of Christopher; also from kit (“vessel of hooped staves”).
* As a German surname, from kit (“sprout, offshoot”), from Middle High German kīde, from Old High German *chīdi, from Proto-Germanic *kīþą (“sprout, seedling”). Compare Alemannic German chiide.
Senses: glosses: A surname.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Jay County, Indiana, United States.
glosses: Alternative spelling of Kit (the diminutive of Christopher)
Derived terms: Kitt Green
Kitts Green
Kittel
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname.
Klamm
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Klamms
Etymology: Borrowed from German Klamm.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
Klang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Klangs
Etymology: Borrowed from Swedish or German Klang.
Senses: glosses: A surname.
Klang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A city in Klang District, Selangor, Malaysia.
Derived terms: Port Klang
Klapper
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Klappers
Etymology: Borrowed from German Klapper.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
send down
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: sends down
form: sending down
form: sent down
form: sent down
Senses: glosses: To cause something or someone to pass from a higher to a lower place.
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To bowl.
examples: text: Eventually she was caught, and sent down for twelve years.
text: Crypto king or conman: is Sam Bankman-Fried about to be sent down for a century? [title]
ref: 2023 September 25, Zoe Williams, “Crypto king or conman: is Sam Bankman-Fried about to be sent down for a century?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: To commit (someone) to a prison term.
examples: text: After performing poorly for the first month of the season, he was sent down to the minor leagues.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To demote a player within the levels of professional baseball.
examples: text: He was sent down from Oxford for theft.
qualifier: usually Oxbridge slang
glosses: To suspend or expel (an undergraduate) from university.
inviolability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inviolabilities
Etymology: From Middle French inviolabilité, from Latin inviolabilitas.
Senses: examples: text: Presidential acts of forgiveness in America seldom rattle confidence in the integrity of the judicial system or the inviolability of the rule of law.
ref: 2025 January 22, Editorial Board, “Of mercy and grievance”, in The Christian Science Monitor:
glosses: The quality or state of being inviolable; inviolableness.
inviolably
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more inviolably
form: most inviolably
Etymology: From inviolable + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an inviolable manner; without violation or violence of any kind.
inviolableness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From inviolable + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality or state of being inviolable.
canella
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈnɛlə/
rhymes: -ɛlə
Forms: form: canellas
Senses: glosses: The aromatic inner bark of Canella winterana, used as a spice with properties similar to cinnamon.
violable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more violable
form: most violable
Etymology: From Latin violabilis.
Senses: glosses: Capable of being violated, broken, or injured.
Synonyms: breakable
Derived terms: violably
Frenchification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Frenchifications
form: frenchification
Etymology: From Frenchify + -ation, from French + -ify.
Senses: examples: text: The Frenchification of the shopping district is complete: every shop has been redone in a Haussmannian style and baguettes, wine, and accordion music are inescapable.
glosses: The act or process of making French or more French-like, especially in informal contexts.
examples: text: The ubiquitous café is just a Frenchification of the old English coffeehouse, providing the ambiance of peaceful al fresco dining without actually moving any chairs outdoors.
glosses: Something that has been made more French or French-like.
glosses: Synonym of Gallicization, translation into French or a French translation.
synonyms: word: Gallicization
word: translation into French or a French translation
Synonyms: english: formal & academic
translation: formal & academic
word: Gallicization
word: francization
word: frenchifying
fretfully
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: /ˈfɹɛt.fə.li/
Forms: form: more fretfully
form: most fretfully
Etymology: From fretful + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a fretful manner.
fretful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹɛtfəl/
rhymes: -ɛtfəl
Forms: form: more fretful
form: most fretful
form: fretfull
Etymology: From fret + -ful.
Senses: glosses: Given to fretting.
Unable to relax: fidgety; restless; worried; anxious.
examples: text: Near-synonyms: fractious, petulant, waspish, impatient, angry, annoyed
text: I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord / VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood, / Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres, / Thy knotty and combined locks to part, / And each particular haire to ſtand an end, / Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:
text: It was another cry, but not quite like the one she had heard last night; it was only a short one, a fretful, childish whine muffled by passing through walls.
ref: 1910 November – 1911 August, Frances Hodgson Burnett, The Secret Garden, New York, N.Y.: Frederick A[bbott] Stokes Company, published 1911, →OCLC:
glosses: Given to fretting.
Irritable; bad-tempered; grumpy; peevish.
antonyms: calm
meek
patient
forbearing
contented
resigned
uncomplaining
Derived terms: fretfully
fretfulness
unfretful
fuel up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: fuels up
form: fueling up
form: fuelling up
form: fueled up
form: fueled up
form: fuelled up
form: fuelled up
Senses: glosses: To eat hurriedly in order to do something more interesting.
fun-loving
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: funloving
Senses: examples: text: How different is the young, fun-loving, comical, quizzing, gallanting Captain Arthur Wellesley, when residing in his shooting lodge between Summerhill and Dangan, from the stern, cautious, careworn Fabius of the Peninsular war[.]
ref: 1840 February 7, The Sydney Herald, page 2, column 5:
text: A few months later I went to see Meg at a local folk club […] where she played to a small audience of about 150. As always, she was vibrant, giving, funloving, but the political content was diminished and hopelessly subtle.
ref: 1981 December 5, Cindy Rizzo, “Meg: A Warrior at Rest”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 20, page 7:
glosses: That enjoys the pleasures of life; that seeks out and revels in fun.
exemple
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: exemples
Senses: glosses: Obsolete form of example.
Bak
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Park
form: Pak
form: Bark
form: Pack
Etymology: From Korean 박 (bak, “朴”).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Korean
gaffrigger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gaffriggers
Etymology: From gaff rig + -er.
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A ship with a gaff rig.
Wassermann
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Wassermanns
Etymology: From German Wasserman.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German, variant of Wasserman, equivalent to English Waterman
Derived terms: Wassermann test
gaff rig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gaff rigs
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A sailing rig that has a fore-and-aft sail supported by a spar called a gaff.
Derived terms: gaffrigger
Krebs
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Krebs
form: Krebses
form: Creps
Etymology: As a German, Alemannic German, and occasionally Danish surname, from the noun Krebs (“crab”).
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
glosses: A city in Oklahoma, United States.
Derived terms: Krebs cycle
galloon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡəˈluːn/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: galloons
Etymology: From French galon, from galonner (“to braid”).
Senses: examples: text: And when the "Atlantis" had finally entered the port and all its many-decked mass leaned against the quay, and the gang-plank began to rattle heavily, — what a crowd of porters, with their assistants, in caps with golden galloons, what a crowd of various boys and husky ragamuffins with pads of colored postal cards attacked the Gentleman from San Francisco, offering their services!
ref: 1918, Ivan Bunin, translated by Abraham Yarmolinsky, The Gentleman from San Francisco:
text: His hair is tied back with a bit of silver galloon, and he is dressed with panache in a blue velvet jacket, white silk hose, buckled pumps.
ref: 1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 194:
glosses: A braided trimming with bullion thread, used on men's coats in the eighteenth century, on women's apparel in the nineteenth, and on such furnishings as draperies or cushions.
Derived terms: gallooned
gamming
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of gam
gemeinschaftsgefuhl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From German Gemeinschaftsgefühl, from Gemeinschaft (“community, neighborship”) + Gefühl (“feeling”).
Senses: examples: text: Lazarsfeld postulated that the "neurotic" is convinced that he cannot compete with others and this leads to fear and avoidance of gemeinschaftgefuhl^([sic]) …
ref: 1963, Ernest Adolf Spiegel, editor, Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry: Volume 18, Digitized edition (Psychiatry), Grune & Stratton, published 2007, page 550:
glosses: "Community feeling" or "social interest"; used by Adlerian psychologists to describe the state of social connectedness and interest in the well-being of others that characterizes psychological health.
gene cassette
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gene cassettes
Senses: glosses: A DNA sequence which can exist by itself in circular form, or can be integrated into an integron.
gennel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gennels
Senses: glosses: A ginnel.
Synonyms: alley
poke borax
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: pokes borax
form: poking borax
form: poked borax
form: poked borax
form: poke borack
form: poke borak
form: poke the borax
Etymology: From poke borak or poke borack, probably by substitution of the unfamiliar word, by the law of Hobson-Jobson.
Senses: examples: text: Maybe the geezer was a major really. Or maybe he was poking borax. That was the trouble with toffs from outside the area – you didn't know where you were with them.
ref: 2004, C. K. Stead, Mansfield: A Novel, unnumbered page:
text: ‘Your mother didn′t have any call to go slinging off about me moey, anyway,’ complained Hughie suddenly, and from thirty years ago steamed up a resentment that had never really gone off the boil. ‘She always did have a tongue in her head that would scare the hair off a coconut.’
‘Don′t go poking borax at the dead,’ remonstrated Mumma, then she added softly, ‘It was that nice, too, all black and silky.’
ref: 1948, Ruth Park, The Harp in the South, Penguin, published 2009, unnumbered page:
text: "Now you′re poking borax at me, Mother! Making me out to be a romancer and historian. Aren′t I a farmer?"
ref: 1955, Helen Mary Wilson, Land of My Children, page xiii:
text: 1975, New Zealand House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates, page 3399,
Hon. S. J. Faulkner—You see, as long as the people concerned are not political, it is O.K. But members opposite want to poke borax at people who dare to have a different view from that of the Leader of the Opposition.
text: 1991, Maud Cahill, Christine Dann (editors), Changing Our Lives: Women Working in the Women′s Liberation Movement, 1970-1990, Bridget Williams Books, New Zealand, page 74,
It was an acceptable way of poking borax at unions for being so bloody backward.
glosses: To ridicule.
raw_tags: with "at"
poke borack
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: pokes borack
form: poking borack
form: poked borack
form: poked borack
form: poke borak
form: poke borax
Senses: examples: text: […]and say, “Come on, Towball old boy, you′re old ′partment′s a waitin′ for you, sheets aired, and everything right.” Oh! he′s a awful cove for to poke borack at a feller, that old O'Neil.
ref: 1888, Joseph Colin Francis Johnson, An Austral Christmas, page 10:
glosses: To impart false information in an attempt to mislead.
raw_tags: with "at"
examples: text: The Thames people have earned among the members of the House of Representatives a reputation of the champion cadgers of New Zealand, and it was too bad of their member, who knows it very well, to poke "borak" at them in that unfeeling way.
ref: 1881, Grey River Argus, [untitled article], page 2:
text: One toff, who fancied himself, still kept poking borack; but Steve stopped his chyacking pretty quick, for he hauled off and let him have it.
ref: 1885, Australasian Printers, editor, The Australasian Printers′ Keepsake, a Selection of Tales, Essays, Sketches, and Verse, by Victorian Compositors, page 154:
text: ‘Well, sir,’ replied Peter, rather sheepishly, ‘you see, they′re always a-poking borack an′ a-chiackin′ o′ me over in the hut because I′ve never seed nothin′.[…]’
ref: 1905, John Arthur Barry, Steve Brown's Bunyip, and Other Stories, page 21:
text: Mr. Brown, a member of the deputation, stated that when a driver was in difficulties with his horse, drivers of traction engines, instead of helping, started "giggling and poking borak at us !"
ref: 1910, Evening Post, Congestion of traffic:
glosses: To ridicule.
raw_tags: with "at"
Synonyms: sense: attempt to mislead
word: lead on
sense: attempt to mislead
word: lead someone down the garden path
sense: attempt to mislead
word: poke mullock
sense: ridicule
word: chiack
sense: ridicule
word: jeer
sense: ridicule
word: mock
girlhood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: girlhoods
Etymology: From girl + -hood.
Senses: coordinate_terms: boyhood
;
womanhood
manhood
glosses: The state or condition of being a girl.
coordinate_terms: boyhood
glosses: The childhood of a girl.
glanders
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Middle English glandres, glaundres, from Old French glandres, plural of Old French glandre, from Latin glandula.
Senses: glosses: An infectious disease of horses, mules and donkeys caused by the bacterium Burkholderia, one species of which may be transmitted to humans.
Synonyms: word: leprosy
Derived terms: glandered
pseudoglanders
goniometric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From goniometer + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, or determined by a goniometer.
Synonyms: goniometrical
Derived terms: dygogram
electrogoniometric
radiogoniometric
spectrogoniometric
goniometer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɡoʊ.niˈɔ.mə.tɚ/
ipa: /ˌɡoʊ.niˈɑ.mə.tɚ/
ipa: /ˈɡɑ.niˌɑ.mə.tɚ/
Forms: form: goniometers
Etymology: From gonio- + -meter.
Senses: glosses: A device used to measure angles.
A device used to measure the angles of joints commonly used in orthopedics and physical therapy.
glosses: A device used to measure angles.
A device used to measure the angles of crystals.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A device used to measure angles.
An arthrometer (device for measuring the arc or range of mobility of a joint).
glosses: A radio direction finder.
Synonyms: word: angle measurer
Derived terms: electrogoniometer
goniometric
photogoniometer
radiogoniometer
rheogoniometer
spectrogoniometer
Mendoza line
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: After shortstop Mario Mendoza, whose lifetime batting average is taken to define the threshold of minimally competent hitting.
Senses: examples: text: His recent slump has put him perilously close to the Mendoza line; he may be headed to AAA soon.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A .200 batting average, which is around the minimum batting average a player with strong defensive skills can have and still stay in the major leagues. Named for Mario Mendoza.
examples: I don’t think you could find any other figure in politics who has run this far below the Mendoza line and still managed to get taken seriously.
A sub-$2,000 per theater average... is the Mendoza Line of box office numbers.
Republican pollster Neil Newhouse... argues that these numbers have crossed below the political "Mendoza line"...Republicans abandoning Bush. MSNBC
glosses: The line dividing acceptable mediocrity from unacceptable mediocrity
goober bean
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: goober beans
Senses: glosses: peanut
Gooniyandi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡʊnijʌndi/
Senses: glosses: An alternate name for Gunian (a Bunaban Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Fitzroy Crossing in the north of Western Australia).
pinch runner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pinch runners
form: pinch-runner
Senses: topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A substitute runner, usually brought in to replace a slow runner to increase the chance of that runner scoring.
Related terms: pinch hitter
designated hitter
goosed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of goose
granadilla
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɪlə
Forms: form: granadillas
form: grenadilla
Etymology: From Spanish granadilla.
Senses: examples: text: On these plains, too, you will find the bushy oleander, many varieties of Jerusalem thorn and African rose, the bright scarlet of the cordium, bowers of jessamine, vines of grenadilla, and the silver and silky leaves of the portlandia.
ref: 1852, Mrs. David Osborne, The World of Waters:
glosses: Any of several species of genus Passiflora of passion flowers of tropical America.
glosses: Edible fruit of these plants.
glosses: Wood of these plants.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Passiflora quadrangularis
word: giant granadilla
taxonomic: Passiflora edulis
word: purple granadilla
taxonomic: Passiflora coccinea
word: red granadilla
taxonomic: Passiflora ligularis
word: sweet granadilla
taxonomic: Passiflora laurifolia
word: yellow granadilla
Related terms: taxonomic: Dalbergia melanoxylon
word: grenadilla
grand final
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grand finals
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The culmination of a series of final matches played between a number of sporting teams.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Synonym of big final.
synonyms: word: big final
Related terms: grand finale
quick pitch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quick pitches
Senses: examples: text: Following some confusion the pitcher immediately attempted a quick pitch but was called for a balk.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A pitch thrown without any of the normal setup routine to try and catch a batter off guard.
Ruthian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Ruthian
form: most Ruthian
Etymology: From "Babe" Ruth, holder of the record for number of home runs in a season from 1919 to 1961, and for home runs in a career from 1921 to 1974.
Senses: examples: text: Jones launches a Ruthian blast; it lands high in the upper deck.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Prodigiously accomplished with respect to batting, typically describing the flight of a long home run.
DPM
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: DPMs
form: dpm
form: d.p.m.
form: d. p. m.
Senses: glosses: Initialism of damp-proof membrane.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Initialism of disruptive pattern material.
topics: medicine
sciences
qualifier: post-nominal letters
glosses: Initialism of doctor of podiatric medicine.
topics: government
politics
glosses: Initialism of deputy prime minister.
topics: video-games
glosses: Initialism of damage per minute.
qualifier: competitive eating
glosses: Initialism of dogs (“hot dogs and buns”) per minute, an instantaneous rate of consumption of HDBs (“hot dogs and buns”).
glosses: Initialism of data position measurement.
matsu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: matsu
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 松 (“pine”)
Senses: glosses: Pinus thunbergii, the Japanese pine.
resubmit
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ɪt
Forms: form: resubmits
form: resubmitting
form: resubmitted
form: resubmitted
Etymology: From re- + submit.
Senses: examples: text: Shrewsbury MP Julia Buckley (Labour) said she was "determined" to see the application resubmitted "as soon as possible".
ref: 2025 July 23, “Network News: West Coast Main Line open access hopefuls to consider options”, in RAIL, number 1040, page 13:
glosses: To submit again.
invincibly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more invincibly
form: most invincibly
Etymology: From invincible + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an invincible manner; unconquerably; insuperably.
invigorating
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: The advertisement [published in 1856] concluded with the announcement that the excursion was being run "to afford the industrious classes the opportunity of enjoying the healthful and invigorating sea-breezes of Southport, and the luxury of sea-bathing, or the numerous objects of interest and amusement at Liverpool."
ref: 1951 December, “Notes and News: Reduced Fares for Ladies”, in Railway Magazine, pages 852-853:
glosses: Giving strength, energy and vitality; quickening; stimulating.
invigorating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of invigorate
Derived terms: invigoratingness
uninvigorating
Related terms: invigoratingly
Dhatki
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Dhatti
Etymology: From Dhatki ڍاٽڪي (ḍhāṭkī).
Senses: synonyms: Thari
glosses: An Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Pakistan.
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Dhatki terms
invigoratingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more invigoratingly
form: most invigoratingly
Etymology: From invigorating + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an invigorating manner.
Beja
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Beğa
form: Bedja
Senses: glosses: An ethnic group found along the Horn of Africa.
Beja
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Beğa
form: Bedja
Senses: glosses: The language of the Beja ethnic group.
Beja
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Baja
form: Bajs
Senses: glosses: A village in Latvia.
Beja
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A city and district of Portugal.
glosses: Alternative form of Béja, Tunisia.
invigorated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more invigorated
form: most invigorated
Senses: glosses: Feeling full of energy or strength; refreshed and revitalized
Derived terms: uninvigorated
invigorated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of invigorate
Bhutani
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Bhutanis
form: Bhutani
Senses: glosses: A member of a Baloch tribe residing in Balochistan, Pakistan.
Bhutani
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: The language of the aforementioned people.
Bihari
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Hindi बिहारी (bihārī).
Senses: glosses: Of, from or pertaining to Bihar or the Biharis.
Bihari
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Hindi बिहारी (bihārī).
Senses: glosses: A person from Bihar or of Bihari descent.
glosses: A group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Bihar and the surrounding states in India.
inveteracy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inveteracies
Senses: glosses: The state of being inveterate; long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted persistence.
investiture
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɛstɪt͡ʃə/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɛstɪt͡ʃɚ/
Forms: form: investitures
Etymology: From Middle French investiture, from Medieval Latin investītūra, from investīre (“to clothe”).
Senses: examples: text: The rite of investiture, called, in the colloquially technical language of the order, the ceremony of clothing, brings us at once to the consideration of that well-known symbol of Freemasonry, the LAMB-SKIN APRON. This rite of investiture, or the placing upon the aspirant some garment, as an indication of his appropriate preparation for the ceremonies in which he was about to engage, prevailed in all the ancient initiations.
ref: 1882, Albert Mackey, “The Rite of Investiture”, in The Symbolism of Freemasonry:
glosses: The act of investing, as with possession or power; formal bestowal or presentation of a possessory or prescriptive right.
examples: text: Raynelmus the 30. Bishop of Hereford receiving his investiture from King Henry the first, by the delivery of a Ring and Crosier, according to the Law and Custom of that Age, and afterwards resigning them into the Kings hands again to pleasure Anselme, against the Kings Prerogative, the King was so highly offended with him (as he had just cause) that he presently banished him the Realm, and seised his Temporalties.
ref: 1668, A Seasonable Vindication of the Supreme Authority and Jurisdiction of Christian Kings, Lords, Parliaments, as well over the Possessions, as Persons of Delinquent Prelates and Church-men, page 72:
text: […] it was apparent by the latter part of 1101 that only a sudden change of heart by Paschal would prevent a controversy over lay investiture in England similar to the dispute which had racked Germany for a quarter of a century.
ref: 1958, Norman Cantor, Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture in England, 1089–1135, page 157:
text: By the eleventh century, sacred kingship within the west was separated from the hierarchies of church rule. Investiture battles and power struggles between the two systems continued on for many centuries […]
ref: 2009, Christian Frost, Time, Space, and Order: The Making of Medieval Salisbury, →ISBN, page 26:
glosses: The formal installation or, generally, the appointment of a bishop, or (uncountable) bishops in general.
glosses: That which invests or clothes; covering; vestment.
examples: text: The Spanish constitution dictates that the king is obliged to dissolve the legislative body two months after the first failed investiture vote.
ref: 2023 July 24, Aitor Hernández-Morales, “Sánchez's tricky road to victory after shock Spanish election result”, in Politico, retrieved 06 Aug 2023:
topics: government
politics
glosses: The parliamentary vote required to inaugurate the Prime Minister of Spain.
Derived terms: disinvestiture
investitural
lay investiture
investigatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From investigate + -ory.
Senses: examples: text: Microsoft is subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
ref: 2023 October, Microsoft, Microsoft Privacy Statement:
synonyms: investigative
investigatorial
glosses: Aimed at investigating.
Derived terms: noninvestigatory
preinvestigatory
investigative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɛstɪɡətɪv/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɛstɪɡeɪtɪv/
Forms: form: more investigative
form: most investigative
Etymology: From investigate + -ive.
Senses: examples: text: RAIB prides itself on being able to send any of its inspectors to site with sufficient investigative skills and technical knowledge to gather evidence for any type of accident.
ref: 2021 December 29, Paul Stephen, “Rail's accident investigators”, in RAIL, number 947, page 32:
glosses: Of or pertaining to investigation
glosses: inquisitive; curious
Synonyms: investigatory
Derived terms: investigative journalism
investigative journalist
investigatively
noninvestigative
preinvestigative
uninvestigative
investigator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ.tɚ/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ.tɘ/
Forms: form: investigators
Etymology: Attested in the mid‐16th century; from Latin investigator, from investigare, equivalent to investigate + -or.
Senses: examples: text: That the Oath Keepers recording went uninvestigated by the FBI until after January 6 is an “additional piece of information that congressional investigators in particular on the January 6th committee and the other Homeland Security committees should be looking at to determine whether or not the FBI and other law enforcement organizations were doing enough on the prevention side,” Cordero told CNN’s Ana Cabrera on Tuesday.
ref: 2022 October 4, Hannah Rabinowitz and Holmes Lybrand, “Secret recording played at trial shows Oath Keepers allegedly planning for violence in DC”, in CNN:
text: Over the past year, Hur was tasked with investigating classified documents found at Biden’s home and private office from his time as vice president. Hur was seen as a meticulous investigator during the probe, sources told CNN.
ref: 2024 March 11, Hannah Rabinowitz, Holmes Lybrand and Paula Reid, “Capitol Hill hearing puts Robert Hur, investigator behind Biden classified documents probe, back in the spotlight”, in CNN:
synonyms: detective
dick
gumshoe
Inv.
indagator
private eye
sleuth
glosses: One who investigates.
Hyponyms: principal investigator
Derived terms: coinvestigator
cyberinvestigator
investigatorial
investigatress
principal investigator
private investigator
subinvestigator
transvestigator
Related terms: word: investigatrix
word: reinvestigator
inversely
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From inverse + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an inverse order or manner; by inversion.
Derived terms: inversely proportional
inventiveness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inventivenesses
Etymology: From inventive + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: resourcefulness, creativity, imagination
text: For as was the land, such was the art of it while folk yet troubled themselves about such things; it strove little to impress people either by pomp or ingenuity: not unseldom it fell into commonplace, rarely it rose into majesty; yet was it never oppressive, never a slave’s nightmare or an insolent boast: and at its best it had an inventiveness, an individuality, that grander styles have never overpassed: […]
ref: [1878], William Morris, The Decorative Arts: Their Relation to Modern Life and Progress […], London: Ellis and White, […], →OCLC, page 21:
synonyms: inventivity
glosses: The quality of being inventive; the faculty of inventing.
inventively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more inventively
form: most inventively
Etymology: From inventive + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an inventive manner.
inverted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Phil was slumped over the edge of the mattress, inverted, watching her dress. He seemed to have a thing for that. She didn't mind; after eight years, she and Harry had long since ceased to ogle each other after bed. He'd taken longer than she had, but then, she knew he had more to look at than she did.
ref: 2024 September 12, HarryBlank, “Nothing Changes”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 15 Sep 2024:
glosses: Having the order or direction changed; for example, turned upside down, reversed, or in any other way opposite or contrary.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Having the lowest note transposed an octave higher.
raw_tags: of a chord
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Having its polarization changed by hydrolysis; see invert sugar.
raw_tags: of sugar
examples: text: Among the Normans, everywhere, homosexuality was markedly prevalent; the spread of sodomy in France about the eleventh century is attributed to the Normans, and their coming seems to have rendered it at times almost fashionable, at all events at court. In England, William Rufus was undoubtedly inverted, as later on were Edward II, James I, and, perhaps, though not in so conspicuous a degree, William III.
ref: 1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, volume 2:
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: Homosexual, in terms of the sexual inversion theory.
qualifier: conspiracy theories
glosses: Assumed to be transgender, in the terms of transvestigation.
raw_tags: of a person
Derived terms: inverted breve
inverted caret
inverted circumflex
inverted comma
inverted exclamation point
inverted hat
inverted index
inverted interrobang
inverted Jenny
invertedly
invertedness
inverted pall
inverted pentagram
inverted pyramid
inverted question mark
inverted river delta
inverted row
inverted snobbery
inverted sugar
inverted totalitarianism
noninverted
pall inverted
pseudoinverted
uninverted
inverted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of invert
counterchange
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: counterchanges
form: counterchanging
form: counterchanged
form: counterchanged
Etymology: From Middle French contrechange (noun), contrechanger (verb).
Senses: glosses: To give and receive; C; to exchange.
examples: text: Witch-elms that counterchange the floor / Of this flat lawn with dusk and bright.
ref: 1849, Alfred Tennyson, In Memoriam A.H.H., canto 89, lines 1781–1782:
glosses: To checker; to diversify, as in heraldic counterchanging.
Synonyms: sense: to cause to change places
word: interchange
word: swap
sense: to checker
word: checker
sense: to checker
word: freck
counterchange
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: counterchanges
Etymology: From Middle French contrechange (noun), contrechanger (verb).
Senses: glosses: An exchange of one thing for another.
examples: text: But Paridell sore brused with the blow, / Could not arise, the counterchaunge to scorse [...].
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: Due return (for an action etc.); reciprocation.
reciprocation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: reciprocations
Etymology: From reciprocate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: the reciprocation of kindness
glosses: The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and returning
examples: text: ... the same pendulum alwayes maketh its reciprocations in equall times.
ref: 1662, Thomas Salusbury, Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Dialogue 2:
glosses: Alternate recurrence or action; as, the reciprocation of the sea in the flow and ebb of tides; oscillation.
Synonyms: word: exchange
word: interchange
word: reciprocation
Hypernyms: word: correlation
word: ensuance
Hyponyms: word: harvest
word: payback
word: proceeds
word: retaliation
word: retribution
word: revenge
Related terms: requital
retaliation
diversify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/
ipa: /dɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/
ipa: /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/
ipa: /dɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/
Forms: form: diversifies
form: diversifying
form: diversified
form: diversified
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French diversifier, equivalent to diverse + -ify.
Senses: examples: text: Months after the incident happened, he did a PBS special in which he talked about the “joys and challenges of birding while Black” and was featured in the Washington Post about his desire to diversify the activity.
ref: 2023 June 19, Morgan Jerkins, “‘She doesn’t have the power’: Central Park birdwatcher Christian Cooper on why racist ‘incident’ won’t define him”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC:
synonyms: diverse#Verb
variegate
glosses: To make (something) diverse or varied in form or quality; to give variety to (something) to distinguish by numerous aspects or differences.
synonyms: diverse#Verb
variegate
diverse#Verb
glosses: To make (something) diverse or varied in form or quality; to give variety to (something) to distinguish by numerous aspects or differences.
To make the scope of (business, investments, etc.) diverse, especially so as to balance and mitigate risks.
coordinate_terms: hedge#Verb
Synonyms: word: diversify
word: enwiden
word: variegate
word: varify
word: vary
Hypernyms: word: alter
Hyponyms: word: alternate
word: branch
word: ramify
word: counterchange
word: checker
word: freck
Derived terms: codiversify
diversifiability
diversifiable
diversificate
glycodiversify
hyperdiversify
overdiversify
rediversify
underdiversify
invariability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: invariabilities
Senses: synonyms: invariableness
constancy
uniformity
glosses: The quality of being invariable
invariableness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From invariable + -ness.
Senses: synonyms: immutability
unchangeableness
glosses: invariability; the state of being invariable
unchangeableness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From unchangeable + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: And there are ſome diſpoſitions blame-vvorthy in men, vvhich are yet, in a right ſenſe, holily aſcribed unto God; as unchangeableneſs, and irrepentance: […]
ref: 1648, J[oseph] Hall, chapter XLVI, in Select Thoughts: Or, Choice Helps for a Pious Spirit. […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Brooke, […], published 1654, →OCLC, page 140:
glosses: The quality or state of being unchangeable; immutability.
immutability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immutabilities
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French immutabilité, itself borrowed from Latin immūtābilitās. By surface analysis, immutable + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: But, one might ask, how can the temporal event of God in our midst be the same as God's event to himself in his eternity if so absolute a distinction is drawn between the enarrable contents of history and the "eternal dynamism" of God's immutability, apatheia, and perfect fullness?
ref: 2004, David Bentley Hart, The Beauty of the Infinite: The Aesthetics of Christian Truth, page 159:
glosses: The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The state of being unchangeable in the memory after creation.
Derived terms: nonimmutability
immutableness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From immutable + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being immutable; unchangeableness.
invaluably
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more invaluably
form: most invaluably
Etymology: From invaluable + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an invaluable manner; inestimably.
invalidly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more invalidly
form: most invalidly
Etymology: From invalid + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an invalid manner; without validity.
invalidity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: invalidities
Etymology: From invalid + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The state of being invalid; lack of validity.
invalidism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: invalidisms
Etymology: From invalid + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: After two years of swaddled invalidism, Mrs. Morton emitted a final gassy sigh and died, whereas twenty years later Elihu was to go “just like that,” as the neighbors said, from a stroke.
ref: 1978, David Galloway, A Family Album, London: John Calder, →ISBN, page 36:
glosses: The condition of an invalid; sickness; infirmity.
Synonyms: invalidhood
green sickness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹiːn ˌsɪknəs/
Forms: form: greensickness
form: green-sickness
Senses: examples: text: She died of cirrhosis, brain fever, consumption and green sickness before she reached twenty.
ref: 1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 35:
glosses: A disease characterized by a greenish tint to the skin; chlorosis.
glosses: The abnormal appetite associated with such a disease; pica.
Derived terms: greensick
green-sicknessed
chlorosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chloroses
Etymology: From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin; by surface analysis, chlor- + -osis, where chlor- in this instance refers to pale yellow-green colorations and not to chlorine.
Senses: examples: text: The effects of hemoglobin in anemia and chlorosis, and even in tuberculosis, are due to its triple action; it acts opotherapeutically, through the blood oxydases, which it contains when properly prepared.
ref: 1915, “Hemoglobin in Anemia”, in American Medicine, volume 21, page 22:
topics: medicine
sciences
synonyms: green fever
green sickness
glosses: An anaemia, due to deficiency of iron, characterized by a yellow-green coloration of the skin.
topics: biology
botany
medicine
natural-sciences
pathology
phytopathology
sciences
glosses: A yellowing of plant tissue due to loss or absence of chlorophyll.
Derived terms: alt: not hyponymous
word: Egyptian chlorosis
Related terms: word: chlorotic
english: also involves pale and yellowish complexions
translation: also involves pale and yellowish complexions
word: jaundice
grosgrain
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹəʊɡɹeɪn/
Forms: form: grosgrains
Etymology: Borrowed from French gros-grain (“coarse grain, a strong fabric”), from gros (“coarse”) + grain (“grain”). Doublet of grogram, which was borrowed earlier.
Senses: glosses: A silk fabric having narrow, horizontal ribs.
glosses: A close-woven fabric (usually made from silk or rayon) having narrow horizontal ribs.
examples: text: He was on a leash, I realized. The grosgrain strap was wrapped around her hand.
ref: 2022, Ling Ma, “Returning”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:
glosses: A ribbon made of this fabric.
Derived terms: grosgrained
grullo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grullos
form: grulla
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish grullo, from grulla (“crane (bird)”).
Senses: glosses: A colouring of horses characterized by smoky or mouse-colored hairs on the body, often with shoulder and dorsal stripes and black barring on the lower legs.
examples: text: At first light they followed the dim tracks of her father's grullo, nearly obliterated by the rain but, when she put herself in the right mind, clear enough to follow.
ref: 2013, Philipp Meyer, The Son, Simon & Schuster, published 2014, page 251:
glosses: A horse having this colouring.
guidepost
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡaɪdˌpoʊst/
rhymes: -əʊst
Forms: form: guideposts
Etymology: From guide + post.
Senses: glosses: A signpost.
glosses: Anything that provides guidance; a guideline.
signpost
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪnˌpoʊst/
Forms: form: signposts
form: sign-post
Etymology: From sign + post.
Senses: examples: text: Dozens of signposts have been stolen, forcing the local authorities to put up the sign at a 2m height and embed it in theft-resistant concrete when putting up replacements.
ref: 2020 November 26, Philip Oltermann in Berlin, “Fugging hell: tired of mockery, Austrian village changes name”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 15 Jan 2021:
glosses: A post bearing a sign that gives information on directions.
examples: text: In the first example — Dance revolutionised Burma — you know the middle word is the signpost as revolutionised is too long to be the fodder (or letters to scramble). […] And bang, out jumps RUMBA.
ref: 2012, David Astle, Puzzled: Secrets and clues from a life in words:
qualifier: crosswording
glosses: A word or phrase within a clue that serves as an indicator, rather than being fodder.
signpost
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪnˌpoʊst/
Forms: form: signposts
form: signposting
form: signposted
form: signposted
form: sign-post
Etymology: From sign + post.
Senses: examples: text: The route wasn't signposted, and we got lost on the way.
glosses: To install signposts on.
examples: text: We believe that some Carers' Centres already offer an effective 'first stop shop' for signposting carers to local organisations, services and benefits, and for providing ongoing support as carers' circumstances change.
ref: 2008, Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Work and Pensions Committee, Valuing and Supporting Carers (volume 1, page 31)
glosses: To direct (somebody) to services, resources, etc.
examples: text: Bede, never one to shrink from a challenge, focused his energies not only onto calculating Easter but also onto describing why the maths mattered as much as the result. In this, his elevated rhetoric is balanced by a very human enthusiasm — it's hard not to love a writer who signposts his core hypotheses with phrases such as 'now to gut the bowels of this question!'
ref: 2013 August 8, Charlotte Mulcare, “The lost mathematicians: Numbers in the (not so) dark ages”, in plus.maths.org, retrieved 08 Sep 2013:
glosses: To indicate logical progress of a discourse using words or phrases such as now, right, to recap, to sum up, as I was saying, etc.
glosses: To signal, as if with a signpost.
Related terms: fingerpost
guidepost
waymark
defeats
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of defeat
defeats
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of defeat
responsibilities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of responsibility
apprehensions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of apprehension
hadst
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /hædst/
ipa: /hætst/
ipa: /hədst/
ipa: /hətst/
Forms: form: hadest
form: haddest
form: had'st
Senses: glosses: second-person singular simple past indicative of have
propositions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of proposition
propositions
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of proposition
ceases
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsiːsɪz/
rhymes: -iːsɪz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cease
occupies
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of occupy