cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
kaizen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkaɪˌzən/
ipa: /ˈkaɪˌzɛn/
rhymes: -aɪzən
Forms: form: kaizens
Etymology: From Japanese 改善 (kaizen かいぜん), from Middle Chinese 改善 (kój-dʒjén) (compare Mandarin gǎishàn 改善), from Old Chinese 改善 (*qˁəʔ-ɡenʔ "to correct errors"), from 改 ("to change") + 善 ("good").
Introduced to English in 1959 by Boyé Lafayette De Mente in his book Japanese Etiquette and Ethics in Business.
Senses: glosses: A Japanese business practice of continuous improvement in performance and productivity.
examples: text: This is a big mistake, because Japanese railways were largely built using British equipment and technology. But what they have done since is ruthlessly improve and refine it, using Kaizen principles.
ref: 2023 June 28, Sir Michael Holden, “Comment: 'There will be more Nunehams': We need some serious Kaizen... and we need it now”, in RAIL, number 986, page 3:
glosses: Continuous improvement generally.
kaizen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkaɪˌzən/
ipa: /ˈkaɪˌzɛn/
rhymes: -aɪzən
Forms: form: kaizens
form: kaizening
form: kaizened
form: kaizened
Etymology: From Japanese 改善 (kaizen かいぜん), from Middle Chinese 改善 (kój-dʒjén) (compare Mandarin gǎishàn 改善), from Old Chinese 改善 (*qˁəʔ-ɡenʔ "to correct errors"), from 改 ("to change") + 善 ("good").
Introduced to English in 1959 by Boyé Lafayette De Mente in his book Japanese Etiquette and Ethics in Business.
Senses: topics: business
glosses: To apply continuous improvement to (a task, or the worker who performs it).
Related terms: quality circle
quality circle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quality circles
Senses: glosses: a group of employees which meets regularly to resolve problems and improve working methods; part of the kaizen system
kanban
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kän′-bän′
ipa: /ˈkanban/
Forms: form: kanbans
form: kanban
form: Kanban
Etymology: From Japanese 看板 (かんばん, kanban), from 看 (kan, “visible”) + 板 (“board or card”), developed and first used in the Toyota Production System.
Senses: examples: text: The sub-assembly line assembles A. It goes to processing line 1 to withdraw part a, and for this purpose it must take the sub-assembly kanban (called withdrawal kanban). It goes to store a, withdraws boxes in the required quantity and removes those kanban (called in-process kanban or production-ordering kanban) that are attached to the boxes.
ref: 1986, David J. Lu, transl., edited by Japan Management Association, Kanban Just-in Time at Toyota: Management Begins at the Workplace, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 93:
glosses: A card containing a set of manufacturing specifications and requirements, used to regulate the supply of components.
examples: text: However, since so many Japanese industries have adopted Kanban, this problem is diminishing.
ref: 1994, Yasuhiro Monden, Toyota Production System: An Integrated Approach to Just-In-Time, Chapman & Hall, →ISBN, page 51:
glosses: A coordinated manufacturing system using such cards.
examples: text: kanban board
text: The first thing that often differentiates a daily standup in a kanban team from other standup meetings is that a kanban team tends to focus on the work on the board rather than on the individual people in the team.
ref: 2014, Joakim Sunden, Marcus Hammarberg, Kanban in Action, Manning, →ISBN:
glosses: A system to manage, visualise, and improve work across teams, often as part of an agile methodology.
Derived terms: kanbanize
Scrumban
Related terms: just-in-time
red tag
red tag
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: red tags
Senses: glosses: One of the plastic cards used in the kanban manufacturing system.
kick-start
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kick-starts
Senses: examples: text: Ten million dollars of seed money could provide the necessary kick-start for the initiative.
ref: 2010 September, Clarence Harmon, "Ideas from the Young", St. Louis magazine, ISSN 1090-5723, volume 16, issue 9, page 74
glosses: Alternative spelling of kick start.
kick-start
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: kick-starts
form: kick-starting
form: kick-started
form: kick-started
Senses: examples: text: "Old Oak Common station will not only act as a catalyst for the regeneration of this neglected part of west London, it is already helping to kick-start the UK's economy.
ref: 2020 July 15, Marion Gourlay, “Old Oak Common: no ordinary station”, in Rail, page 48:
glosses: Alternative spelling of kick start.
killer application
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: killer applications
Senses: glosses: A technological product that is so good, or so innovative, that it is irresistible to potential customers; especially a software product that persuades people to buy the hardware needed to use it.
Derived terms: killer app
Related terms: system seller
killer game
killing field
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: killing fields
Senses: examples: text: The story of how the son of a top-ranking US spy died fighting for Vladimir Putin’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine is an unlikely tale of how homegrown anger at the United States and online radicalisation led from a middle-class Virginia childhood to the killing fields of eastern Ukraine.
ref: 2025 April 25, Andrew Roth, “Son of CIA deputy director was killed while fighting for Russia, report says”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: The field of fire of a machine gun or artillery.
glosses: A place of mass slaughter, especially the Killing Fields of Cambodia.
Killing Fields
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Killing Fields
Etymology: Coined by Cambodian photojournalist Dith Pran in 1984.
Senses: glosses: A number of sites in Cambodia where mass slaughter of some 2,000,000 people was carried out by the Khmer Rouge in the late 1970s.
pastiche
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pæsˈtiːʃ/
rhymes: -iːʃ
Forms: form: pastiche Botticelli's original on the left
form: pastiche on the right.
form: pastiches
Etymology: Via French pastiche, from Italian pasticcio (“pie, something blended”), from Vulgar Latin *pastīcius, from Late Latin pasta (“dough, pastry cake, paste”), from Ancient Greek παστά (pastá, “barley porridge”), from παστός (pastós, “sprinkled with salt”). Doublet of pasticcio.
Senses: examples: text: He argued that the failure of the future was constitutive of a postmodern cultural scene which, as he correctly prophesied, would become dominated by pastiche and revivalism.
ref: 2009, Mark Fisher, Capitalist Realism:
coordinate_terms: parody
glosses: A work of art, drama, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the work of a previous artist, usually in a positive or neutral way.
glosses: A musical medley, typically quoting other works.
examples: text: This supposed research paper is a pastiche of passages from unrelated sources.
text: The house failed to attract a buyer because the decor was a pastiche of Bohemian and Scandinavian styles.
glosses: An incongruous mixture; a hodgepodge.
glosses: A postmodern playwriting technique that fuses a variety of styles, genres, and story lines to create a new form.
Related terms: cento
collage
pastiche
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pæsˈtiːʃ/
rhymes: -iːʃ
Forms: form: pastiches
form: pastiching
form: pastiched
form: pastiched
Etymology: Via French pastiche, from Italian pasticcio (“pie, something blended”), from Vulgar Latin *pastīcius, from Late Latin pasta (“dough, pastry cake, paste”), from Ancient Greek παστά (pastá, “barley porridge”), from παστός (pastós, “sprinkled with salt”). Doublet of pasticcio.
Senses: examples: text: That the genetic code of the platypus proved to be as bizarrely pastiched as its anatomy enhanced the popular appeal of the report, published in the journal Nature.
ref: 2008 May 13, Natalie Angier, “A Gene Map for the Cute Side of the Family”, in New York Times:
glosses: To create or compose in a mixture of styles.
Dalmation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of Dalmatian.
multiplicand
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭl'-tə-plĭ-kăndʹ
ipa: /ˌmʌltəplɪˈkænd/
rhymes: -ænd
Forms: form: multiplicands
Senses: examples: In the expression 5 × 3, the "3" is the multiplicand.
topics: arithmetic
glosses: A number that is to be multiplied by another (the multiplier).
Hypernyms: operand
Related terms: word: successor
sense: addition, summation
english: addend; total
translation: addend; total
alt: augend
word: + =
sense: addition, summation
english: sum
translation: sum
alt: summand
word: + +... =
sense: subtraction
roman: subtrahend
english: difference
translation: difference
word: − =
sense: multiplication, factorization; multiplier
roman: multiplicand
english: product
translation: product
word: × =
sense: multiplication, factorization; factor
english: factor; factor; product
translation: factor; factor; product
word: × ×... =
sense: division; dividend
roman: quotient
word: ÷ =
sense: numerator) / (denominator) = (quotient
english: with remaining
translation: with remaining
alt: quotient
word: Or sometimes
sense: exponentiation; base
english: power
translation: power
alt: exponent
word: =
sense: root extraction; degree
roman: radicand
word: √ =
sense: logarithmization
english: logarithm
translation: logarithm
alt: antilogarithm
word: log(base) =
multiplication table
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: multiplication tables
Senses: examples: text: It was not till animated by some discussion, based upon the multiplication-table, that you saw how keen and shrewd those large, dull, gray eyes could become.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Alteration”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 21:
text: I’ll try if I know all the things I used to know. Let me see: four times five is twelve, and four times six is thirteen, and four times seven is—oh dear! I shall never get to twenty at that rate! However, the Multiplication Table doesn’t signify: let’s try Geography.
ref: 1865 November (indicated as 1866), Lewis Carroll [pseudonym; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], “The Pool of Tears”, in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, pages 19–20:
topics: arithmetic
synonyms: word: times table
glosses: A table showing the products of each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or, especially formerly, 12) with each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or 12).
weld
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɛld/
homophone: welled
rhymes: -ɛld
Forms: form: woald
form: wold
Etymology: From Middle English welde, wolde, from Old English *weald, weard, variant form of wād, Proto-West Germanic *waiʀd, from Proto-Germanic *waizdaz. Alternatively reborrowed from or contaminated by Anglo-Norman wold, wolde (compare Old French guaide). Doublet of woad. Dutch wouw is derived from the same basic form with -l-.
Senses: glosses: A herb (Reseda luteola) related to mignonette, growing in Europe, and to some extent in America, used to make a yellow dye.
glosses: The yellow coloring matter or dye extracted from this plant.
Synonyms: sense: Reseda luteola
word: dyer's rocket
sense: Reseda luteola
word: dyer's weed
sense: Reseda luteola
word: wild woad
weld
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɛld/
homophone: welled
rhymes: -ɛld
Forms: form: welds
form: welding
form: welded
form: welded
Etymology: Alteration of well (“boil, rise”), probably influenced by the past participle, welled.
Senses: examples: text: […] and at Dinsdale work will commence in 1957 on a depot to deal with rail welding and track pre-assembly. The plant envisaged will weld new flat-bottom rails into 180-ft. lengths for laying in selected lines.
ref: 1956 July, “Modernisation in the North Eastern Region”, in Railway Magazine, page 484:
glosses: To join two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination.
examples: text: The arrows pierced through the welded ranks of the opposing army.
text: to weld an alliance
text: Now should men see / Two women faster welded in one love / Than pairs of wedlock.
ref: 1847, Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Princess:
text: The organisational and administrative tasks involved in welding the railways into a single entity have also received much publicity.
ref: 1951 April, D. S. Barrie, “British Railways: A Survey, 1948-1950”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 223:
glosses: To bind together inseparably; to unite closely or intimately.
Derived terms: all-welded
arc weld
butt-weld
buttweld
cold weld
fillet weld
long-welded
spot weld
stick weld
tack weld
weld steel
weld together
weld
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɛld/
homophone: welled
rhymes: -ɛld
Forms: form: welds
Etymology: Alteration of well (“boil, rise”), probably influenced by the past participle, welled.
Senses: examples: text: Excessive spot weld time may cause the electrode tips to mushroom, resulting in no focus of current and a weak weld.
ref: 2001, James E. Duffy, I-Car Professional Automotive Collision Repair, page 173:
glosses: The joint made by welding.
Derived terms: butt weld
scarf weld
Related terms: braze
solder
weld
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɛld/
homophone: welled
rhymes: -ɛld
Forms: form: welds
form: welding
form: welded
form: welded
Etymology: From Old English weald (sense 2).
Senses: examples: text: [Arthur says to a wicked giant] "he that alle the world weldeth gyue the ſorte lyf & ſameful dethe" ("He who wields all the world gives thee short life and shameful death")
ref: 1485: Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D'Arthur, p. 168 line 2 (Sommer edition)
text: [Arthur says to conquering knights] "ye be worthy to welde all your honour and worship"
ref: 1485: Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D'Arthur, p. 172 line 2 (Sommer edition)
text: Turne thee to those that weld the awfull crowne
ref: 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To wield.
caisson disease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: medicine
nautical
pathology
sciences
transport
glosses: The painful condition in which bubbles of nitrogen form in body tissues after a person makes too-rapid a transition from high atmospheric pressure to lower atmospheric pressure.
Synonyms: the bends
decompression sickness
aeroembolism
air embolism
gas embolism
Related terms: nitrogen narcosis
nitrogen narcosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: synonyms: rapture of the deep
glosses: A condition of disorientation, intoxication and stupor caused by increased levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; occurs in divers breathing air under pressure.
Related terms: decompression sickness
diver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaɪ̯və(ɹ)/
rhymes: -aɪvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: divers
Etymology: From dive + -er.
Senses: examples: text: A passerby noticed the man's body protruding from the water at about 9 p.m. and Boston and Metropolitan police divers were called to the scene.
ref: 1979 August 25, “Body Found Near the Fenway”, in Gay Community News, volume 7, number 6, page 2:
synonyms: word: urinator
glosses: Someone who dives, especially as a sport.
glosses: Someone who works underwater; a frogman.
glosses: loon (Gavia)
glosses: The New Zealand sand diver.
glosses: The long-finned sand diver.
glosses: A passenger carrying vehicle using an underground route; specially, a diver tram, one using the former Kingsway tramway subway (1906-1952).
glosses: pickpocket
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A competitor in certain sports who is known to regularly imitate being fouled, with the purpose of getting his/her opponent penalised.
Derived terms: autem diver
black-diver
black-throated diver
Cartesian diver
cave diver
deep diver
diverless
dumpster diver
dumpster-diver
dun diver
earth-diver
free-diver
graveldiver
great northern diver
hell-diver
muff diver
muff-diver
Pacific diver
paradiver
pearl diver
red-throated diver
ruddy diver
sand diver
sat diver
saturation diver
scuba diver
skin-diver
smoke diver
spider diver
sportdiver
stage diver
synchronized diver
web diver
white-billed diver
Related terms: diving
scuba
can buoy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: can buoys
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: a truncated conical buoy, normally painted red and white, and numbered with even numbers, used to show the port side of a channel; the starboard side is marked with a conical buoy
conical buoy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: conical buoys
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: a buoy in the shape of a cone, normally painted black, and numbered with odd numbers, used to show the starboard side of a channel; the port side is marked with a can buoy
deify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdeɪ.ɪ.faɪ/
ipa: /ˈdiː.ɪ.faɪ/
ipa: /ˈdiː.ə.faɪ/
ipa: /ˈdeɪ.ə.faɪ/
Forms: form: deifies
form: deifying
form: deified
form: deified
Etymology: From French déifier, from Latin deificāre, from deus (“god”).
Senses: synonyms: apotheosize
exalt
idealize
euhemerize
glosses: To make into a god.
examples: text: “Those people who have sought to deify our wilderness … those days are over. We are not going to sit around and read poetry to rare lizards, whilst our current account deficit goes down the gurgler,” Jones said.
ref: 2025 May 26, Eva Corlett, quoting Shane Jones, “New Zealand will not be ‘guilt-tripped’ over environment, resources minister says”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: To treat as worthy of worship; to regard as a deity.
Derived terms: deifier
demideify
disdeify
nondeified
redeify
semideified
undeify
Related terms: deific
deification
deified
shebang
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɪˈbæŋ(ɡ)/
rhymes: -æŋ
Forms: form: shebangs
Etymology: From hash + bang or sharp + bang, after Etymology 1.
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The character string "#!" used at the beginning of a computer file to indicate which interpreter can process the commands in the file, chiefly used in Unix and related operating systems.
Synonyms: hashbang
pneumomediastinum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pneumomediastina
Etymology: From pneumo- + mediastinum.
Senses: examples: text: Pneumomediastinum usually goes undiagnosed unless chest x-rays are used for evaluation.
ref: 1996, Richard A. Clinchy, Dive First Responder, page 73:
glosses: The condition of having the presence of air in the mediastinum.
foreground
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔː(ɹ)ˌɡɹaʊnd/
Forms: form: foregrounds
Etymology: From fore- + ground. Compare Dutch voorgrond (“foreground”), German Vordergrund (“foreground”), Danish forgrund (“foreground”), Swedish förgrund (“foreground”), Norwegian forgrunn (“foreground”), Icelandic forgrunni (“foreground”).
Senses: examples: text: Note the presence in the foreground of the fronds of ailanthus, often called “ghetto palm,” now ubiquitous in Baltimore but apparently already common in the 1930s.
ref: 2006, Mark Chalkley, Hampden-Woodberry:
glosses: The elements of an image which lie closest to the picture plane.
glosses: The subject of an image, often depicted at the bottom in a two-dimensional work.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The application the user is currently interacting with; the application window that appears in front of all others.
Derived terms: foregroundable
foregrounder
Related terms: background
midground
foreground
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔː(ɹ)ˌɡɹaʊnd/
Forms: form: foregrounds
form: foregrounding
form: foregrounded
form: foregrounded
Etymology: From fore- + ground. Compare Dutch voorgrond (“foreground”), German Vordergrund (“foreground”), Danish forgrund (“foreground”), Swedish förgrund (“foreground”), Norwegian forgrunn (“foreground”), Icelandic forgrunni (“foreground”).
Senses: examples: text: Right from the start, The Irishman foregrounds the looming inevitability of death.
ref: 2019 October 31, A. A. Dowd, “Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro reunite for one last gripping crime epic, The Irishman”, in AV Club, archived from the original on 21 Aug 2020:
text: Things that were implicit and largely unjudged in the book, filtered through layers of stiff-upper-lip irony — Fanny’s self-pity, Linda’s obliviousness — are now foregrounded and, for the most part, rendered banal, with “Beaches”-level platitudes and sentimentality.
ref: 2021 July 29, Mike Hale, “Review: ‘The Pursuit of Love’ Against All Odds”, in The New York Times:
synonyms: highlight#Verb
glosses: To place in the foreground (physically or metaphorically).
picture plane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: picture planes
Senses: topics: art
arts
glosses: The imaginary plane correspondent with the physical surface of a drawing, painting or print.
Related terms: foreground
clew
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kluː/
ipa: /kluʊ̯/
ipa: /kljuː/
rhymes: -uː
homophone: clue
homophone: clou
Forms: form: clews
form: clewing
form: clewed
form: clewed
Etymology: From Middle English clewe, from Old English cleowen, cliewen, cliwen (“sphere, ball, skein; ball of thread or yarn; mass, group”), from Proto-Germanic *kliuwiną, *klewô (“ball, bale”), from Proto-Indo-European *glew- (“to conglomerate, gather into a mass; clump, ball, bale”). Akin to Old English clǣġ (“clay”). Doublet of knawel.
Senses: glosses: to roll into a ball
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: to raise the lower corner(s) of (a sail)
Derived terms: clew down
clew up
unclew
Related terms: clew-garnet
clef
clue
swottiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From swotty + -ness.
Senses: glosses: studiousness, the state of studying hard, the state of being swotty.
swotty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: swottier
form: swottiest
Etymology: From swot + -y.
Senses: glosses: studious; being a swot.
massecuite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: massecuites
Etymology: From French masse cuite (“cooked mass”).
Senses: examples: text: Modern practice favours warming the massecuite in pug mills, placed above the centrifugals.
ref: 2011, H. Panda, The Complete Book on Sugarcane Processing and By-Products of Molasses:
glosses: A suspension of sugar crystals in a mother liquor, after boiling of syrup; produced in a sugar factory.
Graf
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Grafs
Etymology: * As a German and Jewish surname, from graf (“count”).
* As a Dutch surname, spelling variant of Graef.
Senses: glosses: A surname.
A surname from German.
glosses: A surname.
A surname from Dutch.
glosses: A city in Iowa, United States.
Related terms: Graff
FMV
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: FMVs
Senses: examples: text: […] a brilliantly terrible FMV action game where you play as an unnamed marine who's been sent to an uncharted tropical island […]
ref: 2021, Chris Scullion, The Sega Mega Drive & Genesis Encyclopedia, page 230:
glosses: Initialism of full motion video.
glosses: Initialism of fair market value.
astrakhan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /æstɹəˈkæn/
Forms: form: astrakhans
Etymology: Named after the city of Astrakhan in Southern Russia.
Senses: glosses: Closely-curled black or grey fleece of very young karakul lambs from Astrakhan.
examples: text: Our new acquaintance very deliberately coiled up the tube of his hookah, and produced from behind a curtain a very long befrogged topcoat with Astrakhan collar and cuffs.
ref: 1890 February, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Story of the Bald-headed Man”, in The Sign of Four (Standard Library), London: Spencer Blackett […], →OCLC, pages 66–67:
text: Heavy bands of astrakhan were slashed across the sleeves and fronts of his double-breasted coat […]
ref: 1891 June 25, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Adventure I.—A Scandal in Bohemia.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume II, London: George Newnes, Limited, […], published July 1891, →OCLC:
text: He was dressed in a long green overcoat with mock astrakhan cuffs and collar and wore on his head an oval fur cap.
ref: 1914, James Joyce, The Dead:
text: He was dressed in uniform—a black uniform trimmed with gray astrakhan.
ref: 1924, Richard Connell, The Most Dangerous Game:
text: Was the cavalry officer slim and elegant, and dressed in astrakhan?
ref: 1929 September, Virginia Woolf, A Room of One’s Own, uniform edition, London: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, […], published 1931 (April 1935 printing), →OCLC:
glosses: Cloth resembling the above mentioned fur, often made from wool and mohair and used for trimmings.
Derived terms: astrakhaned
Related terms: karakul
cosmopolite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kŏz.mŏpʹə.līt'
ipa: /kɑzˈmɑpəˌlaɪt/
Forms: form: cosmopolites
Etymology: Borrowed from French cosmopolite, from Latin cosmopolītēs, itself borrowed from Koine Greek κοσμοπολίτης (kosmopolítēs, “citizen of the world”), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “world”) + πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).
Senses: examples: text: First drink a health, this solemn night, / A health to England, every guest: / That man’s the best cosmopolite / Who loves his native country best.
ref: 1852, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Hands All Round:
text: Prince Gortschakoff has spoken of the elements of disturbance and the revolutionary cosmopolites of Europe, and has asked France and England and Austria to repress their activity. Well, my Lords, no doubt as carrion birds are drawn by instinct to the battle-field, so, wherever there is disturbance, the moral and political vultures of Europe will flock to take part in it
ref: 1863 May 8, Lord John Russell, Hansard, archived from the original on 12 Feb 2019:
text: The wild goose is more of a cosmopolite than we; he breaks his fast in Canada, takes a luncheon in the Ohio, and plumes himself for the night in a southern bayou.
ref: 1854, Henry David Thoreau, chapter XVIII, in Walden, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co, published 1910, page 422:
text: He was a pale, lean, acute, undeveloped little cosmopolite, who liked intellectual gymnastics and who, also, as regards the behaviour of mankind, had noticed more things than you might suppose, but who nevertheless had his proper playroom of superstitions, where he smashed a dozen toys a day.
ref: 1891, Henry James, The Pupil:
text: […] the fifties were bad years for the Jews. The campaign against the "rootless cosmopolites" was in full swing […]
ref: 1986, Joseph Brodsky, “In a Room and a Half”, in Less Than One: Selected Essays, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, page 469:
text: Eighteenth-century Masons viewed themselves as cosmopolites, as citizens of the world who practiced toleration and inclusiveness, believed in the fundamental unity of mankind, and prized affection, sociability and benevolence.
ref: 2007, Jessica L. Harland-Jacobs, chapter 2, in Builders of Empire: Freemasons and British Imperialism, 1717-1927, University of North Carolina Press, page 97:
synonyms: cosmopolitan
anywhere
glosses: One who is at home in every place; a citizen of the world; a cosmopolitan person.
examples: text: The painted lady butterfly […] has been seen around towns throughout North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Asia, and Africa. It's known on every continent except Antarctica, and it's even found on islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. […] Not surprisingly, the painted lady is known in some circles as the cosmopolite.
ref: 1989, May Berenbaum, chapter 5, in Ninety-nine Gnats, Nits, and Nibblers, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, page 102:
synonyms: cosmopolitan
glosses: The butterfly painted lady (Vanessa cardui).
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A plant found more or less everywhere in the world.
Derived terms: cosmopolitism
convene
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈviːn/
ipa: /kənˈvin/
ipa: /kənˈviːn/
ipa: [kənˈvɪin]
Forms: form: convenes
form: convening
form: convened
form: convened
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French convenir, from Latin convenio, convenire (“come together”), from con- (“with, together”) + veniō (“come”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥yéti, from the root *gʷem-.
Senses: examples: text: In short-sighted men […] the rays converge and convene in the eyes before they come at the bottom.
ref: 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To come together; to meet; to unite.
examples: text: The Parliament of Scotland now convened.
ref: 1670, Richard Baker, A Chronicle of the Kings of England from the Time of the Romans Government unto the Death of King James:
text: Faint, underneath, the household fowls convene.
ref: a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:
glosses: To come together, as in one body or for a public purpose; to meet; to assemble.
glosses: To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke; to summon.
glosses: To summon judicially to meet or appear.
examples: text: To forestall any problems, we convened on the rule that all the database records would avoid containing certain literal strings.
glosses: To make a convention; to declare a rule by convention.
raw_tags: with "on" or "upon"
Derived terms: convener
convenor
reconvene
unconvene
unconvened
Related terms: convenience
convenient
convention
conventional
supervene
Astrakhan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /æstɹəˈkæn/
/ˈæstɹəkɑːn/
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian А́страхань (Ástraxanʹ).
Senses: related: word: Astrakhan Oblast
glosses: An oblast of Russia. Seat: Astrakhan.
related: word: Astrakhan Okrug
glosses: A city, the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River
related: word: Astrakhan Steppe
glosses: A steppe in Russia, part of the Eurasian Steppes
Derived terms: Astrakhan fever
Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Okrug
Astrakhan Steppe
Astrakhan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /æstɹəˈkæn/
/ˈæstɹəkɑːn/
Forms: form: Astrakhans
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian А́страхань (Ástraxanʹ).
Senses: examples: text: Our new acquaintance very deliberately coiled up the tube of his hookah, and produced from behind a curtain a very long befrogged topcoat with Astrakhan collar and cuffs.
ref: 1890 February, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Story of the Bald-headed Man”, in The Sign of Four (Standard Library), London: Spencer Blackett […], →OCLC, pages 66–67:
text: Heavy bands of Astrakhan were slashed across the sleeves and fronts of his double-breasted coat
ref: 1891, Arthur Conan Doyle, A Scandal In Bohemia, Norton, published 2005, page 14:
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of astrakhan.
baby food
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: baby foods
form: babyfood
Senses: examples: text: The court was told Robins had asked if she could use the oven to heat some baby food for her child. Knutton heard a loud popping noise "like a crisp packet being popped" coming from the kitchen followed by a "screeching" noise. When she saw what had happened to the kitten she was sick in the sink.
ref: 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:
glosses: A food designed for babies, usually of very soft consistency.
Berkeley
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: note: English town, barony
ipa: /ˈbɑːkli/
note: American city
ipa: /ˈbɜːkli/
ipa: /ˈbɝkli/
Forms: form: Barclay
form: Barclift
form: Barkley
Etymology: From Old English beorc (“birch”) + leah (“meadow, leigh”). Equivalent to birch + -ley (“lea”).
Senses: glosses: A habitational surname from Old English.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname.
glosses: An English barony.
glosses: A town and civil parish with a town council in Stroud district, Gloucestershire, England (OS grid ref SP6899).
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A city in Alameda County, California.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A neighbourhood of Denver, Colorado.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Cook County, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A suburban city in St. Louis County, Missouri.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Ocean County, New Jersey.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Cumberland, Providence County, Rhode Island.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Berkeley County, West Virginia.
glosses: The University of California, Berkeley metonym.
glosses: A community in Chatsworth, Grey County, Ontario, Canada.
glosses: A suburb of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Derived terms: berkelate
Berkeleian
Berkeleianism
Berkeleio-
Berkeley County
Berkeley Heights
Berkeleyism
Berkeley Road
Berkeley Springs
berkelium
Related terms: Barclay
bioterrorism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From bio- + terrorism.
Senses: synonyms: bioterror
glosses: Terrorism that involves biological weapons or other biological agents.
Related terms: bioterrorist
bioterroristic
coldcock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coldcocks
form: cold cock
form: cold-cock
Etymology: From cold + cock.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of cold cock.
coldcock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: coldcocks
form: coldcocking
form: coldcocked
form: coldcocked
form: cold cock
form: cold-cock
Etymology: From cold + cock.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of cold-cock.
meretrix
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: meretrices
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin meretrīx.
Senses: examples: text: Nomus Marcellus has pointed out the difference between this class of prostitutes and the prostibula. "This is the difference between a meretrix (harlot) and a prostibula (common strumpet): a meretrix is of a more honorable station and calling; for meretrices are so named a merendo (from earning wages) because they plied their calling only by night; prostibulu because they stand before the stabulum (stall) for gain both by day and night."
ref: a. 100 CE, Petronius, translated by W. C. Firebaugh, Satyricon, published 1922:
text: Hands grasped me like a doll, and as I dandled thus between the meretrices of Abaia, I was lifted from my broad-armed chair in the inn of Saltus; yet still, for perhaps a hundred heartbeats more, I could not rid my mind of the sea and its green-haired women.
ref: 1981, Gene Wolfe, chapter VIII, in The Claw of the Conciliator (The Book of the New Sun; 2), New York: Timescape, →ISBN, page 72:
text: Of the two ritually important female categories, matrona and meretrix, it was the matrona that was held at a strict ritual distance. […] The domain of the meretrix was not held at a ritual distance. The boundary between male and female was not quite so stark when the female belonged to the category of prostitute.
ref: 2013, Ariadne Staples, From Good Goddess to Vestal Virgins, Routledge, →ISBN:
glosses: A prostitute in Ancient Rome.
Epicureanism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌɛpɪˈkju(ə)ɹiənɪzəm/
Forms: form: Epicureanisms
form: epicureanism
Etymology: From Epicurean + -ism. As a pejorative synonym of atheism, both from the philosophy's rejection of deontological morality and from Epicurus's specific belief that the Greek gods—if they did exist—did not concern themselves at all with mankind, its actions, or any system of reward or punishment for them. Doublet of epicurism.
Senses: topics: ethics
human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The philosophical belief that pleasure is the highest good, particularly as advocated by Epicurus with a focus on mental pleasures and on avoidance of pain (ataraxia) through moderation and common virtue.
glosses: Synonym of hedonism, general pursuit of pleasure, particularly refined and knowledgeable enjoyment of good food, drink, and similar sensual pleasures.
synonyms: word: hedonism
word: general pursuit of pleasure
word: particularly refined and knowledgeable enjoyment of good food
word: drink
word: and similar sensual pleasures
glosses: Synonym of atheism.
synonyms: word: atheism
Synonyms: epicurism
Hypernyms: selfishness
hedonism
Related terms: aponia
ataraxia
apatheism
roundup
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: roundups
Etymology: Deverbal from round up.
Senses: topics: agriculture
business
lifestyle
glosses: An activity in which cattle are herded together in order to be inspected, counted, branded or shipped.
topics: government
law-enforcement
glosses: The similar police activity of gathering together suspects.
examples: text: Vichy's antisemitism as codified in the National Revolution was well established, and the first massive roundup of foreign Jews had taken place the previous fall.
ref: 2009, Shannon L. Fogg, The Politics of Everyday Life in Vichy France, page 111:
glosses: The forcible gathering together of any particular group of people.
glosses: The summary to a news bulletin.
glosses: An upward curvature or convexity, as in the deck of a vessel.
glosses: The finishing of an arrangement.
Synonyms: topics: agriculture
business
lifestyle
word: muster
Derived terms: final roundup
last roundup
countryside
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/
Forms: form: countrysides
Etymology: From country + -side.
Senses: examples: text: From November 28 to December 8, 1958, the CCP Central Committee held its sixth plenum in Wuhan, Hopei^([sic – meaning Hupei]), and at the end of the session it issued a revealing resolution that declared there had been some misconception about the system and that party committees throughout the countryside should make full use of the five months from December 1958 to April 1959 to tidy up the communes.
ref: 1968, Lucian W. Pye, “The Political Process in Action: The Communes”, in The Spirit of Chinese Politics: A Psychocultural Study of the Authority Crisis in Political Development, M.I.T. Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 203:
glosses: An area located outside of towns and cities; an area that is not urban or suburban; a rural area.
examples: text: We live in the Swedish countryside.
glosses: Such part of a larger area.
glosses: A rural landscape.
Derived terms: countrysider
acute-angled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: acuteangled
form: acutangled
Etymology: From acute + angled.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
trigonometry
glosses: Of a triangle: having three acute angles.
Synonyms: topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
word: acute
Coordinate terms: topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
word: obtuse
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
word: obtuse-angled
obtuse-angled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: obtusangled
Senses: topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Of a triangle, having an obtuse angle.
Synonyms: sense: of a triangle
word: obtuse
Related terms: right-angled
with a bullet
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Etymology: From the magazine Cashbox's practice, in the 1960s and 1970s, of putting a red bullet sign on the chart position of potential climbers. The page stated: "Red bullet indicates sharp upward move."
Senses: examples: text: "Crying" has moved up again and is now Number 7 with a bullet on the Cashbox Top 100 chart!
glosses: That has entered the charts in a high position, or has climbed rapidly in the charts, or is thought to have the potential for further rapid advancement.
raw_tags: of a hit record
Derived terms: number one with a bullet
number one with a bullet
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: See with a bullet.
Senses: examples: text: We're going down, down in an earlier round / And sugar, we're going down swinging / I'll be your number one with a bullet / A loaded God complex, cock it and pull it
ref: 2005, Pete Wentz, Patrick Stump, Joe Trohman, Andy Hurley, “Sugar, We're Goin Down”, performed by Fall Out Boy:
text: I'm sure primitive man was drumming away and rattling things to make musically pleasing sounds, but then and now the human voice was, and is, number one with a bullet.
ref: 2009, Bruce Swedien, Make Mine Music:
text: I'm number one, number one with a bullet / Bring your guns, fifty shots when I pull it
ref: 2014, Freddie Gibbs, “Uno”:
glosses: Superlative; impossible to beat.
titanic acid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: titanic acids
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: a weak acid, either of two hydrated forms of titanium dioxide, H₂TiO₃ or H₄TiO₄; used as a mordant
Derived terms: metatitanic acid
orthotitanic acid
polytitanic acid
Related terms: titanate
titanate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: titanates
Etymology: From titanic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any salt or ester of titanic acid.
Derived terms: barium titanate
cadmium titanate
fluorotitanate
fluotitanate
lithium titanate oxide battery
silico-titanate
strontium titanate
titanation
congregate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒŋɡɹəɡət/
Forms: form: more congregate
form: most congregate
Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1400–1450, in Middle English, the verb c. 1513; from Middle English congregat(e) (“(of people) banded together; (of liquids) accumulated; (of muscles) contracted; (of wounds) closed up”), borrowed from Latin congregātus, perfect passive participle of congregō (“to congregate”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3), from con- (“with, together”) + gregō (“to collect into a flock”), from grex (“flock, herd”). See gregarious and egregious. Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: VVith all the Gods about him congregate:
ref: c. 1597–1598, Edmund Spenser, “Two Cantos of Mutabilitie: […]. Book VII, Canto VI.”, in The Faerie Queene, […], London: […] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Mathew Lownes, published 1609, →OCLC, stanza 19, page 355:
glosses: Congregated.
raw_tags: as a participle
examples: text: congregate churches
topics: Christianity
glosses: Congregated (organized on a congregational basis).
examples: text: With this reservation, therefore, we proceed to human philosophy or humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate or distributively, the other congregate or in society; so as human philosophy is either simple and particular, or conjugate and civil.
ref: 1605, Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, Book II, Chapter IX:
glosses: Collective; assembled; compact.
congregate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: congregates
Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1400–1450, in Middle English, the verb c. 1513; from Middle English congregat(e) (“(of people) banded together; (of liquids) accumulated; (of muscles) contracted; (of wounds) closed up”), borrowed from Latin congregātus, perfect passive participle of congregō (“to congregate”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3), from con- (“with, together”) + gregō (“to collect into a flock”), from grex (“flock, herd”). See gregarious and egregious. Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: That the congregates may frankelie shew their minds upon such matters as are to come before them.
ref: 1587, William Harrison, Description of England, II. viii:
glosses: Assembled persons.
titanium dioxide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: titanium dioxides
Senses: examples: Meronyms: titanium, Ti, oxygen, O
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
synonyms: titania
mul:E171[food colouring]]>
titanium white
glosses: a brilliant white powder, TiO₂, used as a pigment, and in sunblock, toothpaste, and cosmetics.
Related terms: word: titanate
word: titanic acid
word: akaogiite
word: anatase
word: brookite
word: octahedrite
english: various mineral forms of titanium dioxide
translation: various mineral forms of titanium dioxide
word: rutile
sunblock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sunblocks
form: sun block
Etymology: From sun + block.
Senses: synonyms: sunblocker#Noun
hypernyms: sunscreen
suntan lotion
coordinate_terms: suntan lotion
glosses: A sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF).
Related terms: SPF
sunglasses
sunhat
sun protection factor
sunshield
sun umbrella
sunscreen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sunscreens
Etymology: From sun + screen.
Senses: examples: text: Jill had Mark apply sunscreen to her back.
"Bet these river guides get a lot of skin cancer", he said. He had a slappy, unpleasant way of doing it, and she struggled to keep her balance.
ref: 2009, Elisabeth Hyde, In the Heart of the Canyon, page 55:
text: Chemical ingredients — such as avobenzone, oxybenzone and homosalate — absorb the UV rays. Both types of sunscreen can degrade or wash off over time, so it’s important to reapply every two hours, and more frequently if you’re swimming or sweating.
ref: 2023 July 15, Dana G. Smith, “Why Sunscreen Is the Only Anti-Aging Product You Need”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 13 Jun 2024:
text: As for daytime sun protection, Dr. Bowe said mineral sunscreens made with zinc oxide may be gentler on sensitized skin than chemical formulas.
ref: 2023 December 6, Jessica DeFino, “Too Many Products Can Stress Out Your Skin. Here’s How to Scale Back.”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 06 Dec 2023:
synonyms: sunblock
suntan lotion
coordinate_terms: suntan lotion
glosses: A topical substance formulated to protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation by absorbing, reflecting or scattering ultraviolet rays.
Related terms: sunglasses
sunhat
sun protection factor
SPF
sunshield
sun umbrella
sunscreen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: sunscreens
form: sunscreening
form: sunscreened
form: sunscreened
Etymology: From sun + screen.
Senses: examples: text: He glanced over his shoulder as I sunscreened his back.
ref: 2007, Nicole Williams, Tortured:
glosses: To apply sunscreen to (someone).
round angle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: round angles
Senses: examples: text: Two angles whose sum is a straight angle are called supplemental; two angles whose sum is a round angle we may call explemental.
ref: 1893, William Benjamin Smith, Introductory Modern Geometry of Point, Ray, and Circle, MacMillan, page 31:
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: An angle of 360 degrees; a full circle.
Synonyms: complete angle
full angle
perigon
Related terms: right angle
sun protection factor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sun protection factors
Senses: examples: text: If someone normally burns in 10 minutes with no sunscreen, then a sunscreen with sun protection factor 20 will provide protection for up to 20 × 10 = 200 minutes.
related: word: SPF
glosses: An indication of how long a sunscreen remains effective when applied to the skin.
perigon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: perigons
Etymology: From peri- + -gon.
Senses: topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A round angle; a full circle.
perigon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: perigons
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of perigone.