cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
ice-skate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: ice-skates
form: ice-skating
form: ice-skated
form: ice-skated
Senses: examples: text: She had ice-skated the entire lake.
text: Aasha had seen pictures of people ice-skating in the wintertime, two by two in fur-trimmed hoods and mittens.
ref: 2008, Preeta Samarasan, Evening is the Whole Day, Fourth Estate, page 294:
glosses: to skate on ice, wearing ice skates.
Related terms: ice skater
ice skating
ice skating
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The act, or the sport, of skating on ice.
Derived terms: ice skating rink
Related terms: ice-skate
ice skate
ice skater
ice skater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice skaters
Senses: glosses: A person who ice-skates.
Derived terms: ice skater effect
ice-skater effect
Related terms: ice-skate
ice skate
ice skating
ice water
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: I drank ice water to cool off.
glosses: Cold water for drinking, either chilled in ice, or with the addition of ice cubes.
ice wedge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice wedges
Senses: glosses: a vertical wedge of subterranean ice
ice wine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice wines
Etymology: Calque of German Eiswein.
Senses: glosses: A sweet dessert wine made from grapes that are harvested after they have naturally frozen on the vine.
Related terms: late-harvest wine
dessert wine
ice cider
business architect
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: business architects
Senses: glosses: someone who designs and develops a company's business architecture
ice worm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice worms
Senses: glosses: any of several worms, of the genus Mesenchytraeus, that inhabit glacial ice
Related terms: methane ice worm
ice yachting
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: the sport of racing ice yachts
ice yacht
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice yachts
Senses: synonyms: iceboat
ice boat
glosses: A craft, in the broad shape of a yacht, fitted with skis or runners so as to sail on the ice.
Related terms: ice yachting
ice boat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ice boats
form: iceboat
Senses: glosses: An ice yacht.
glosses: An icebreaker; a ship that breaks through ice.
chipmunk voice
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chipmunk voices
Etymology: From the voices of the characters in Alvin and the Chipmunks, an animated music group.
Senses: examples: text: ANDREW. ...Have you ever worked with a puppet? There's some guy, kneeling down near your crotch, working the puppet. And he's doing a chipmunk voice, into a microphone.
ref: 1992, Paul Rudnick, chapter I, in I Hate Hamlet:
text: Rudolph and Stella laugh hysterically as I sing along in a scratchy, whiny Chipmunk voice.
ref: 2002, Craig Mracek, chapter I, in A Bohemian Odyssey:
text: She lifted her hands in the air and began singing, in a chipmunk voice: "Christmas, Christmas time is near, Time for toys and time for cheer, ..."
ref: 2005, Ann Breen Metcalfe, Trout Lake: An Adirondack Novel:
glosses: A voice effect where the normal sounding voice is increased in pitch and often sped-up and squeaky-sounding.
wikipedia: Alvin and the Chipmunks
Draconist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Draconists
Senses: examples: text: Vlad III was known as Dracula because he was a Draconist, a member of the Order of the Dragon.
glosses: A member of the Order of the Dragon.
Related terms: draconologist
prosecco
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: proseccos
Senses: examples: text: With its fresh flavor, pleasing bubbles and gentle price tag  it typically sells for $10 to $20 a bottle prosecco has gained many fans worldwide. Global sales have been growing by double-digit percentages for 10 years, to more than 150 million bottles last year. […] A host of producers elsewhere in Italy and as far away as Brazil are trying to cash in on the drink’s newfound popularity. Because prosecco is the name of a grape, like chardonnay or cabernet, anyone can use the name.
ref: 2008 December 27, Amy Cortese, “Italian Makers of Prosecco Seek Recognition”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
text: When I was an 18-year-old concerned with getting as trollied as possible in the least amount of time and at little cost, I was drawn to sweetness, as many of us are when we’re younger, and most supermarket prosecco is rather sweet – even the confusingly named “extra dry” category allows for 12-17g sugar per litre.
ref: 2025 July 3, Hannah Crosbie, “There’s more to Italian sparkling wine than prosecco”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: Costco Wholesale is recalling bottles of its Kirkland brand prosecco, citing a risk that the unopened glass containers could spontaneously shatter, even when they are not being “handled or in use.”
ref: 2025 September 16, Caroline Hopkins Legaspi, “Costco Recalls Kirkland Prosecco, Citing Risk of Sudden Shattering”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Prosecco (“Italian sparkling wine”).
draconologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: draconologists
Etymology: From draconology + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: As such, his pamphlet is unlikely to appeal either to serious draconologists and cryptozoologists, or to newcomers to the field, who would probably be better served by any of the many book-length cryptozoological tours available.
ref: 1997, Mike Dash, “Water Dragons: A Guide to Lake Serpent Legends Around the World (review)”, in Fortean Times, numbers 102-106, →ISSN:
text: In the words of one prominent draconologist “No dragon exists — none ever did exist” (Ingersoll 1928: 13).
ref: 2000, Robert Blust, “The Origin of Dragons”, in Anthropos, volume 95, number 2, page 522:
text: The expeditions and adventures described in this book have been performed under the guidance of trained observers, experts and draconologists.
ref: 2012 June 26, William O'Connor, Dracopedia The Great Dragons: An Artist's Field Guide and Drawing Journal, Cincinnati: Impact, →ISBN, →OL, page 6:
glosses: A person who studies dragons.
Related terms: draconist
lower back
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lower backs
Senses: glosses: The region of the back above the waist, also known as the lumbar region; the area surrounding the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.
Synonyms: low back
lumbar
small of the back
soutie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: souties
Etymology: Derived from Afrikaans soutpiel.
Senses: qualifier: Army slang
glosses: An Englishman in South Africa or a white English speaking South African of British descent
legging
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛɡ.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛɡɪŋ
Forms: form: leggings
form: leggin
Etymology: From leg + -ing.
Senses: glosses: A covering, usually of leather, worn from knee to ankle.
glosses: Stretchy tight-fitting pants often worn by women or for exercise.
examples: text: Take the legging and turn up the cuff.
glosses: One of the legs of a pair of trousers.
examples: text: As a practical matter, you cannot put on these positions simultaneously at reasonable prices. In order to achieve these positions at a reasonable risk/reward profile, you must put the positions in a series of separate trades. This process is called legging.
ref: 2000, Michael Williams, Amy Hoffman, Fundamentals of Options Market, McGraw Hill Professional, page 128:
glosses: The process of putting a series of three or more options strikes into the stock market.
Derived terms: belegginged
ferret-legging
jeggings
legginged
meggings
treggings
legging
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛɡ.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛɡɪŋ
Forms: form: leggin
Etymology: From leg + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of leg
Derived terms: legging it
bootlegging
peg-legging
operationalize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)nəlʌɪz/
ipa: /ˌɑpəˈɹeɪʃənəˌlaɪz/
Forms: form: operationalizes
form: operationalizing
form: operationalized
form: operationalized
form: operationalise
Etymology: From operational + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: I have a lot of sexual fantasies that I'm never going to operationalize. I enjoy them just as fantasies.
ref: 1981 August 15, Nancy Wechsler, Gayle Rubin, Pat Califia, “Sadomasochism: Fears, Facts, Fantasies”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 5, page 6:
glosses: To make operational.
examples: text: To operationalize a concept is to identify those variables in terms of which the phenomenon represented by the concept can be accurately observed.
ref: 1956, Ernest Greenwood, “New Directions in Delinquency Research: A Commentary on a Study by Bernard Lander”, in Social Service Review, volume 30, number 2, page 152:
text: Vision seems ‘childishly simple’ to us but proves to be fiendishly hard to operationalise, precisely because we are so good at it.
ref: 2012, Adam Zeman, ‘Only Connect’, Literary Review, number 399:
text: General vocabulary is often defined as a common core of English words and operationalized as the most frequent words in a balanced and representative corpus of English.
ref: 2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 107:
topics: human-sciences
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
glosses: To define (a concept) in such a way that it can be practically measured.
Derived terms: operationalizability
operationalizable
operationalization
unoperationalized
Related terms: operational definition
operations research
immunoglobulin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunoglobulins
form: Ig
Etymology: From immuno- + globulin.
Senses: examples: text: The recent observation that a heat labile human immunoglobulin, IgE , could mediate the release of both histamine and SRS-Aᵐᵒⁿᵏᵉʸ from primate lung slices (Ishizaka et al., 1969), prompted a re-examination of the biologic activity of rat heat labile homocytotropic antibody.
ref: 1969, Robert P. Orange, K. Frank Austen, “Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis”, in Advances in Immunology - Volume 10, page 144:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
immunology
medicine
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: antibody
hypernyms: glycoprotein
glosses: Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.
Derived terms: antiimmunoglobulin
hyperimmunoglobulin
hyperimmunoglobulinemia
immunoglobulin A
IgA
immunoglobulin D
IgD
immunoglobulin E
IgE
immunoglobulin G
IgG
immunoglobulin M
IgM
immunodiffusion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunodiffusions
Etymology: From immuno- + diffusion.
Senses: glosses: a technique used to detect the reaction between an antigen and an antibody by observing the behavior of a combination of such species as they diffuse through a gel
Derived terms: electroimmunodiffusion
radioimmunodiffusion
Related terms: immunoelectrophoresis
immunofluorescence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunofluorescences
Etymology: From immuno- + fluorescence.
Senses: glosses: a technique that uses a fluorochrome to indicate a specific antigen-antibody reaction
Derived terms: coimmunofluorescence
cytoimmunofluorescence
histoimmunofluorescence
microimmunofluorescence
immunological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From immunology + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: It has been reported that periparturient cows undergo a period of immunosuppression of various immunological parameters associated with a high susceptibility to uterine and mammary infections […]
ref: 2015 August 29, “Different Blood Cell-Derived Transcriptome Signatures in Cows Exposed to Vaccination Pre- or Postpartum”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Of or relating to immunology.
Synonyms: immunologic
Derived terms: autoimmunological
cryoimmunological
cytoimmunological
ecoimmunological
histoimmunological
immunologically
immunological mechanism
immunological memory
immunological paralysis
immunological surveillance
immunological tolerance
neuroimmunological
nonimmunological
osteoimmunological
psychoimmunological
radioimmunological
viroimmunological
immunological
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunologicals
Etymology: From immunology + -ical.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Any drug used to treat the immune system.
immunology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunologies
Etymology: From immune + -ology.
Senses: examples: text: Obviously, licentiates to practice medicine should receive instruction of a definite and practical nature in this important branch of modern medicine, or immunology should receive a place in the classification of specialties, a fact which the importance of the subject may command.
ref: 1915, Benjamin Abraham Thomas, Applied Immunology:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The branch of medicine that concerns the body's immune system.
Derived terms: autoimmunology
chemoimmunology
cryoimmunology
ecoimmunology
immunological
immunologist
neuroimmunology
oncoimmunology
osteoimmunology
palaeoimmunology
paleoimmunology
photoimmunology
psychoendoneuroimmunology
psychoimmunology
radioimmunology
viroimmunology
immunologic cytotoxicity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: the mechanism whereby the immune system renders foreign or abnormal cells safe by either destroying or damaging them
immunologic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: One critical distinction to make is whether a focal corneal infiltrate is infected with bacteria or is a sterile immunologic response.
ref: 2008, Jimmy D. Bartlett, Siret D. Jaanus, Clinical Ocular Pharmacology, page 539:
glosses: immunological
Derived terms: autoimmunologic
immunologic cytotoxicity
nonimmunologic
psychoimmunologic
cytotoxicity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cytotoxicities
Etymology: From cyto- + toxicity.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: The property of being toxic to a cell.
Derived terms: anticytotoxicity
cardiocytotoxicity
hypercytotoxicity
hypocytotoxicity
immunocytotoxicity
immunologic cytotoxicity
lymphocytotoxicity
microcytotoxicity
nanocytotoxicity
neurocytotoxicity
noncytotoxicity
photocytotoxicity
Related terms: cytotoxic
cytotoxin
immunosuppression
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunosuppressions
Etymology: From immuno- + suppression.
Senses: examples: text: It has been reported that periparturient cows undergo a period of immunosuppression of various immunological parameters associated with a high susceptibility to uterine and mammary infections […]
ref: 2015 August 29, “Different Blood Cell-Derived Transcriptome Signatures in Cows Exposed to Vaccination Pre- or Postpartum”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: The suppression of the immune response, especially its active medical suppression by human agency (via immunosuppressant drugs) to treat autoimmune diseases or to prevent allograft rejection after transplant.
Synonyms: word: immunocompromise
word: immunodeficiency
Derived terms: overimmunosuppression
photoimmunosuppression
underimmunosuppression
Related terms: immunocompetent
immunocompromised
immunodeficient
immunosuppressant
immunosuppressed
immunosuppressive
immunosuppressor
oracular
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒɹˈæk.juː.lə/
ipa: /ɔːˈɹæk.juː.lə/
ipa: /ɔˈɹæk.ju.lɚ/
ipa: /ɔˈɹæk.jə.lɚ/
Etymology: From Middle French oraculaire.
Senses: examples: text: In some of the Hebrides they attributed the same oracular power to a large black stone by the sea-shore, which they approached with certain solemnities, and considered the first fancy which came into their own minds, after they did so, to be the undoubted dictate of the tutelar deity of the stone, and, as such, to be, if possible, punctually complied with.
ref: 1810, Walter Scott, “(please specify the canto number or page)”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):
text: Ferguson's sin consisted in his oracular 'unmasking' of a 'second-rate sort of society, full of second rate citizens, pursuing comparatively worthless objects.'
ref: 2006, Lisa Hill, The Passionate Society: the social, political and moral thought of Adam Ferguson:
glosses: Of or relating to an oracle.
examples: text: And that slaughter to the Nation / Shall steam up like inspiration, / Eloquent, oracular; / A volcano heard afar.
ref: 1819 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Masque of Anarchy. A Poem. […], London: Edward Moxon […], published 1832, →OCLC:
text: It was one of those dire oracular pronouncements that Marko made from time to time, which were afterwards spread from mouth to mouth among the Serbs.
ref: 1963, “Chapter 26”, in Joseph Hitrec, transl., Bosnian Chronicle, New York: Arcade, translation of original by Ivo Andrić, published 1993, page 402:
glosses: Prophetic, foretelling the future.
examples: text: My Lord Chatham, whose wisdom his party in those days used to call superhuman, raised his oracular voice in the House of Peers against the American contest;
ref: 1844 January–December, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. [The Luck of Barry Lyndon.]”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume III, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1856, →OCLC:
text: If this is the AI age, then we’re living in broken times. Nevertheless, Sam Altman has called ChatGPT an “oracular system that can sort of do anything within reason” and last week proclaimed that OpenAI has “built systems that are smarter than people in many ways.”
ref: 2025 June 18, Matteo Wong, quoting Sam Altman, “The Entire Internet Is Reverting to Beta”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: Wise, authoritative.
examples: text: Nothing offended me but that lisping Miss Haughton, whose every speech is inarticulately oracular.
ref: 1754, Horace Walpole, letter to John Chute:
text: This utterance was admirably oracular, being susceptible of cogent quotation by both sides[…]
ref: 1895, Andrew Dickson White, History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom:
glosses: Ambiguous, hard to interpret.
Derived terms: oracularity
oracularly
oracularness
Related terms: oracle
immune response
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immune responses
Senses: topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: The body's integrated response to an antigen, mediated by lymphocytes.
Related terms: immune system
analytic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/
note: Indic
ipa: /əˈnalɪʈɪk/
rhymes: -ɪtɪk
Forms: form: more analytic
form: most analytic
form: analytick
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀναλυτικός (analutikós).
Senses: examples: text: analytic method
text: analytic geometry
text: analytic skills
text: She applied an analytic approach to the problem.
text: The course covered analytic philosophy in detail.
glosses: Of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics.
glosses: Of, or relating to division into elements or principles.
glosses: Having the ability to analyse.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: that follows necessarily by definition; tautologous.
raw_tags: of a proposition
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Of, or relating to algebra or a similar method of analysis.
topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Being defined in terms of objects of differential calculus such as derivatives.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Being able to be locally represented by convergent power series around every point of the domain.
raw_tags: of a function
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Of a language, having a grammar principally dependent on the arrangement of uninflected function words within sentences to indicate meaning. Compare synthetic.
Derived terms: abstract analytic number theory
analytically
analytic capacity
analytic combinatorics
analytic continuation
analytic cubism
analytic element method
analytic frame
analytic function
analytic geometry
analytic hierarchy
analytic induction
analyticism
analyticity
analytic language
analytic manifold
analytic mechanics
analytic number theory
analytic philosopher
analytic philosophy
analytic proof
analytic proposition
analytic psychology
analytic set
analytic signal
analytic solution
analytic tradecraft
analytic variety
analytification
bianalytic
bioanalytic
coanalytic
cryptanalytic
dianalytic
electroanalytic
hyperanalytic
hypnoanalytic
meta-analytic
metanalytic
microanalytic
narcoanalytic
nonanalytic
psychoanalytic
quasianalytic
radioanalytic
schizoanalytic
semianalytic
subanalytic
teleoanalytic
thermoanalytic
topoanalytic
unanalytic
analytical entry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: analytical entries
Etymology: analytical + entry
Senses: glosses: an entry in a bibliographic catalogue that describes a part of a larger work that has its own entry
legging it
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of leg it
bootlegging
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bootleggings
Senses: coordinate_terms: piracy
glosses: Engaging in economic production or distribution in an illegal way.
The activity of making, transporting and/or selling illegal alcoholic liquor.
coordinate_terms: piracy
glosses: Engaging in economic production or distribution in an illegal way.
The activity of making, transporting and/or selling an illegal version or copy of a copyrighted product.
synonyms: piracy
coordinate_terms: piracy
glosses: Engaging in economic production or distribution in an illegal way.
The activity of operating a mine illicitly.
Derived terms: antibootlegging
booklegging
buttlegging
bootlegging
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of bootleg
peg-legging
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of peg-leg
governance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡʌvənəns/
ipa: /ˈɡʌvəɹnəns/
Forms: form: governances
form: gouvernance
form: gouvernaunce
form: governaunce
Etymology: From Middle English governaunce, from Old French gouvernance, governance, equivalent to govern + -ance.
Senses: examples: text: But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt to shift attention away from the realities of their life at sea.
ref: 2012 March 24, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 87:
glosses: The process, or the power, of governing; government or administration.
glosses: The specific system by which a political system is ruled.
glosses: The group of people who make up an administrative body.
glosses: The state of being governed.
topics: management
glosses: Accountability for consistent, cohesive policies, processes and decision rights.
Synonyms: sense: administration, esp. over a country
word: administration
sense: administration, esp. over a country
word: government
sense: administration, esp. over a country
word: management
sense: administration, esp. over a country
word: statism
Hyponyms: corporate governance
data governance
open governance
Derived terms: cogovernance
co-governance
cybergovernance
e-governance
global governance
malgovernance
metagovernance
misgovernance
self-governance
Related terms: cybernetics
PDI
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: PDIs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of pre-delivery inspection.
glosses: Initialism of polydispersity index.
glosses: Initialism of personal data interchange.
topics: automotive
transport
vehicles
glosses: Initialism of petrol direct injection (“fuel injection”).
glosses: Initialism of protein disulfide-isomerase.
Related terms: sense: fuel injection
word: DFI
sense: fuel injection
word: DI
sense: fuel injection
word: FI
sense: fuel injection
word: GDI
durational
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more durational
form: most durational
Etymology: From duration + -al.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to duration.
Derived terms: durationally
durational pattern
nondurational
bubbe-meise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bubbe-meises
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of bubbe meise.
burrstone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbɚstoʊn/
Forms: form: burrstones
form: buhrstone
form: burstone
Senses: synonyms: buhr
glosses: A tough, silicified limestone formerly used to make millstones. It is typified by the presence of multiple cavities that originally housed fossilized shells.
superficially
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more superficially
form: most superficially
Etymology: From superficial + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: This anatomy is superficially similar to that of Cetotheriidae and some tranatocetids were previously considered to be cetotheres and even identified as Cetotherium.
ref: 2015 March 9, “From Problem Taxa to Problem Solver: A New Miocene Family, Tranatocetidae, Brings Perspective on Baleen Whale Evolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: In a superficial manner; shallowly.
Synonyms: sense: without substance
word: shallowly
sense: without substance
word: weakly
sense: at face value
word: apparently
word: seemingly
word: on the face of it
word: ostensibly
percept
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɜːsɛpt/
ipa: /ˈpɝsɛpt/
Forms: form: percepts
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin perceptum, neuter of perceptus (“perceived”), past participle of percipiō (“to perceive”); see perceive.
Senses: examples: text: Whether it might not, in like manner, be proper to introduce the term percept for the object of perception, I shall not at present inquire.
ref: 1860, William Hamilton, Lectures in Metaphysics, III.3:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
psychology
sciences
glosses: Something perceived; the object of perception.
examples: text: I see an inkstand on the table: that is a percept. Moving my head, I get a different percept of the inkstand.
ref: 1901, Charles Sanders Peirce, Grammar of Science:
text: So far as in that world it is a stable feature, holds ink, marks paper and obeys the guidance of a hand, it is a physical pen. [...] So far as it is instable, on the contrary, coming and going with the movements of my eyes, altering with what I call my fancy, continuous with subsequent experiences of its ‘having been’ (in the past tense), it is the percept of a pen in my mind.
ref: 1905, William James, “How Two Minds Can Know One Thing”, in Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods:
text: Socrates remarks that when he is well he finds wine sweet, but when ill, sour. Here it is a change in the percipient that causes the change in the percept.
ref: 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
philosophy
psychology
sciences
glosses: A perceived object as it exists in the mind of someone perceiving it; the mental impression that is the result of perceiving something.
Derived terms: perceptron
subpercept
percept
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈsɛpt/
ipa: /pərˈsɛpt/
Forms: form: percepts
form: percepting
form: percepted
form: percepted
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin perceptum, neuter of perceptus (“perceived”), past participle of percipiō (“to perceive”); see perceive.
Senses: examples: text: And is not the highest speculation of it percepted and perfected by manuall instruments, and those fallacious too, as themselves complain?
ref: 1652, John Gaule, Πῦς-μαντία. The Mag-Astro-Mancer, or the Magicall-Astrologicall-Diviner posed and puzzled:
glosses: to perceive
Related terms: perception
perceive
perceptive
weekend warrior
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: weekend warriors
Etymology: From weekend + warrior. First attested 1956.
Senses: examples: text: Such was the pace with which I, and many like me, the so called ‘weekend warriors’ or Territorial Army, were hoisted aboard the Gulf War battle wagon.
text: At Anacostia, the training that is done to naval aviators who are in the Reserve Services, weekend warrior(s) as it were, and they come to Anacostia to get their refresher training.
ref: 1956, US Senate Subcommittee on Real Estate and Military Construction, Military Public Works Construction, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 290:
glosses: A part-time soldier, or reservist
examples: text: The most common foot-related injury I see for the weekend warrior is heel pain.
text: Whoever camped here was no weekend warrior neither because round the tanks I saw old kero tins with veggies growing in them.
ref: 2018, Tim Winton, The Shepherd's Hut, Picador UK Paperback edition 2018, p. 95
text: A study of nearly 90,000 people enrolled in the UK Biobank project found that “weekend warriors” who fit a week’s worth of exercise into one or two days had a lower risk of developing more than 200 diseases compared with inactive people.
ref: 2024 September 26, Ian Sample, “‘Weekend warrior’ workouts may be as effective as daily exercise, study shows”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
synonyms: amateur
dabbler
antonyms: lifestyler
glosses: A person who indulges in a sport or pastime on an infrequent basis, usually on weekends when work commitments are not present.
subsistent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more subsistent
form: most subsistent
Senses: glosses: Actually existing.
glosses: Inherent.
Related terms: subsist
subsistence
subsistential
subsistently
namby-pamby
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more namby-pamby
form: namby-pambier
form: most namby-pamby
form: namby-pambiest
form: mamby-pamby
Etymology: From the poem Namby-Pamby (1726) by Henry Carey, a satire on the sentimental pastorals of the poet Ambrose Phillips.
Senses: glosses: Insipid and sentimental.
examples: text: […] she was still, as heretofore, a namby-pamby milk-and-water affected creature […]
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Which Treats of the Osborne Family”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 383:
text: We can honestly commend the Atlantic Monthly as the most able and spirited of American periodicals, at the present time, and we like it, moreover, because it dares have opinions and to express them in unmistakable terms, on subjects which when referred to at all, by most of the current magazines, are mentioned in the gingerliest namby-pamby style of common place neutrality.
ref: 1857 November 30, “The Atlantic Monthly”, in Wisconsin Daily State Journal, volume VI, number 366, Madison, Wis., →OCLC, page [2], column 3:
text: She boasts to Bentley that the Prince of Wales admires her books for the “fearless courage” of her opinions. “He said, ‘There is no namby-pamby nonsense about you – you write with a man’s pen, and I should think you would fight your enemies like a man!’ These words delighted me, for to be ‘namby-pamby’ would be a horror to me,” she writes.
ref: 1999, Nicola Diane Thompson, quoting Marie Corelli (c. 1905), Victorian Women Writers and the Woman Question, page 246:
glosses: Lacking vigor or decisiveness; spineless; wishy-washy.
Derived terms: namby
namby-pambiness
namby-pambyism
pamby
namby-pamby
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: namby-pambies
form: mamby-pamby
Etymology: From the poem Namby-Pamby (1726) by Henry Carey, a satire on the sentimental pastorals of the poet Ambrose Phillips.
Senses: examples: text: Namby Pamby’s doubly Mild,
 Once a Man, and twice a Child;
 To his Hanging-Sleeves restor’d
 Now he foots it like a Lord;
 Now he Pumps his little Wits;
 Sh—ing Writes and Writing Sh—s,^([sic])
ref: 1725, Capt. Gordon [Henry Carey], Namby-Pamby: Or a Pangyric on the New Versification Addressed to A⸺ P⸺ Esq., →OCLC:
glosses: One who is insipid, sentimental, or weak.
examples: text: Another of Addison’s favourite companions was Ambrose Phillipps, a good Whig and a middling poet, who had the honour of bringing into fashion a species of composition which has been called, after his name, Namby-Pamby.
ref: 1892 [1843], Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Life and writings of Addison”, in Lord Macaulay's Essays, page 790:
glosses: Talk or writing which is weakly sentimental or affectedly pretty.
Synonyms: word: namby
word: nestle-cock
word: sissy
word: softy
word: milksop
Derived terms: namby
namby-pambical
pamby
namby-pamby
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: namby-pambies
form: namby-pambying
form: namby-pambied
form: namby-pambied
form: mamby-pamby
Etymology: From the poem Namby-Pamby (1726) by Henry Carey, a satire on the sentimental pastorals of the poet Ambrose Phillips.
Senses: examples: text: While we business men of Britain have little time for this sort of namby-pambying towards the next generation, who are often feckless, tearful, small, dirty or all of the above, there is no doubt that youths have their place in commerce.
ref: 2012, Alan Tyers, Who Moved My Stilton?: The Victorian Guide to Getting Ahead in Business:
glosses: To coddle.
chalk and cheese
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Attested in variant form since 1393. The surface of some cheeses, particularly unaged ones, resembles the surface of chalk: white, crumbling, but in substance cheese is much softer than chalk. It is interesting to note that lime chalk and cottage cheese forms a glue-like material used in the restoration of ancient half-timbered houses, perhaps suggesting an alternative original meaning.
Senses: synonyms: apples and oranges
day and night
night and day
glosses: Said of things that are very different, though possibly superficially alike.
verfremdungseffekte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of verfremdungseffekt
lilliputian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuʃən/
rhymes: -uːʃən
Forms: form: lilliputians
form: Lilliputian
Etymology: From the name of a fictional island called Lilliput in the novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift.
Senses: examples: text: I reflected what a Mortification it muſt prove to me to appear as inconſiderable in this Nation as one ſingle Lilliputian would be among us.
ref: 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Great Storm Described, the Long-Boat Sent to Fetch Water, the Author Goes with It to Discover the Country. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 158:
glosses: A very small person or being.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A fruit fly gene that, when mutated, makes cells abnormally small. See AFF2.
Derived terms: lilliputianism
lilliputianize
Lilliputianly
Lilliputian vision
Related terms: lilliput
tiddler
munchkin
lilliputian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuʃən/
rhymes: -uːʃən
Forms: form: more lilliputian
form: most lilliputian
form: Lilliputian
Etymology: From the name of a fictional island called Lilliput in the novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift.
Senses: examples: text: —O'er the expanse
Of glittering waters glides the snowy sail;—
The lilliputian boat by infants mann'd,
Steers amid fairy islets, circles round
The indented shore,—...
ref: 1827, Lydia Sigourney, Poems, A Thunder Storm, while Travelling, page 129:
glosses: Very small, diminutive
glosses: Trivial, petty
Derived terms: NanoPutian
dirhombicosidodecahedron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dirhombicosidodecahedrons
Senses: glosses: A nonconvex uniform polyhedron with 40 triangles, 60 squares, and 24 pentagrams.
life form
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: life forms
Senses: glosses: The morphology of an organism that distinguishes it from others.
glosses: Alternative form of lifeform.
immunotherapy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunotherapies
Etymology: From immuno- + therapy.
Senses: topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: The treatment of disease (especially cancers and autoimmune diseases) by adjusting the body's immune response.
topics: immunology
medicine
oncology
sciences
glosses: The treatment of disease (especially cancers and autoimmune diseases) by adjusting the body's immune response.
The treatment of cancer by improving the ability of the host to reject a tumour immunologically: cancer immunotherapy.
Hypernyms: therapy
Derived terms: chemoimmunotherapy
immunotherapeutic
immunotherapeutically
oncoimmunotherapy
radioimmunotherapy
Related terms: immunomodulation
immunomodulatory
immunologically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more immunologically
form: most immunologically
Etymology: From immunological + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: This kind of warfare [i.e., biological] would have us devouring the world’s children in a manner of speaking and those who are immunologically impaired, presuming we were going to immunize our own population but not those of the antagonist. Thus we would be conducting warfare which by definition would be indiscriminate rather than selective. We would lose control of the evolution of the bacteria that we would be releasing in the multitrillions.
ref: 1992, Douglas MacLean, quoting Marc Lappé, “Ethics and Biological Defense Research”, in Raymond A[llan] Zilinskas, editor, The Microbiologist and Biological Defense Research: Ethics, Politics, and International Security (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences; 666), New York, N.Y.: The New York Academy of Sciences, →ISBN, part II (Ethics of Biological Defense Research), page 112:
topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: Using immunological methods.
Derived terms: immunologically naïve
radioimmunologically
incandescence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌɪn.kænˈdɛs.əns/
/ˌɪn.kənˈdɛs.əns/
Forms: form: incandescences
Etymology: Borrowed from French incandescence. Morphologically incandesce + -ence.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: the emission of visible light by a hot body
glosses: the light so emitted
examples: text: That sensual triggering which is to awaken them into the incandescence of Gay Consciousness to which world of Spirit a loving sexual flowering is both "open sesame" and Gateway.
ref: 1983 April 16, Harry Hay, “Peter Pans”, in Gay Community News, page 4:
glosses: great emotion, especially anger
incandescent lamp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: incandescent lamps
Senses: glosses: A light bulb whose metallic filament is heated by an electric current.
index fossil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: index fossils
Senses: glosses: Any ancient remains of a plant or animal that lived during a specific geological period and that can be used to date the containing rocks.
geological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdʒiː.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪk.əl/
ipa: /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪk.əl/
Etymology: From geology + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
ref: 2012 January 24, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 26 Jan 2012, page 70:
glosses: Synonym of geologic.
synonyms: word: geologic
Derived terms: astrogeological
biogeological
deep geological repository
geologically
geological matrix
geological time
geological timescale
geon
hydrogeological
limnogeological
microgeological
nongeological
palaeogeological
palaeohydrogeological
paleogeological
pedogeological
petrogeological
photogeological
pregeological
thermogeological
ungeological
zoogeological
stoked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /stoʊkt/
rhymes: -əʊkt
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of stoke
stoked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /stoʊkt/
rhymes: -əʊkt
Forms: form: more stoked
form: most stoked
Senses: examples: text: 1964, The Australian, 3 December 1964. Quoted in Sidney J. Baker, The Australian Language, second edition, 1966, chapter XI, end of section 2, page 255.
When you're driving hard and fast down the wall, with the soup curling behind yer, or doing this backside turn on a big one about to tube, it's just this feeling. Yer know, it leaves yer feeling stoked.
text: One of the fishermen was really stoked. He was trying to shoot the shore break in his canoe.
ref: 1966, Bruce Brown, director, The Endless Summer:
glosses: Feeling excitement or an exciting rush; exhilarated.
paceline
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪslaɪn/
Forms: form: pacelines
Etymology: From pace + line.
Senses: glosses: A formation in which riders (especially bicycle racers) travel in a line, one close behind the other, in order to conserve energy and travel faster by riding in the draft of the riders in front. The foremost rider periodically drops to the rear to allow another to take his or her place.
Related terms: bit and bit
cybering
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of cyber
jamming
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒæmɪŋ/
rhymes: -æmɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of jam
Derived terms: anti-jamming
antijamming
jamming
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒæmɪŋ/
rhymes: -æmɪŋ
Forms: form: jammings
Senses: examples: text: The broadcasts' effectiveness was limited by constant jamming.
glosses: The act or process by which something is jammed.
examples: text: Jamming with the band is her favorite way to find compositional inspiration.
glosses: The playing of improvisational music.
Derived terms: acoustic jamming
culture jamming
jamming
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒæmɪŋ/
rhymes: -æmɪŋ
Forms: form: more jamming
form: most jamming
Senses: examples: text: All I knew was it sho was a jamming party!
ref: 2006, Cupcake Brown, A piece of cake:
glosses: Great; awesome.
naif
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: naifer
form: naifest
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of naïf.
Derived terms: naifly
naifness
naif
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: naifs
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of naïf.
naïf
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /nɑːˈiːf/
rhymes: -iːf
Forms: form: more naïf
form: most naïf
form: naif
Etymology: Borrowed from French naïf. Doublet of native and neif.
Senses: examples: text: Doenitz was naïf to assume that England would have stood idly by while Germany built up her U-boat force to four figures; but it was true enough that the German Navy was unprepared for a submarine war.
ref: 1947, S.E. Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Little, Brown, & Company, page 5:
glosses: Naive.
Derived terms: naïfly
naïfness
semi-naïf
naïf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /nɑːˈiːf/
rhymes: -iːf
Forms: form: naïfs
form: naif
Etymology: Borrowed from French naïf. Doublet of native and neif.
Senses: examples: text: Now I could see there was no real rogue here, but a naïf who thought that world would always turn for him.
ref: 2008, Monte Dwyer, Red In The Centre: The Australian Bush Through Urban Eyes, Monyer Pty Ltd, page 145:
text: On “Fearless,” Swift sharpened her lyrical specificity, using proper nouns and detailed renderings of conversations and experiences to create an indelible image of Taylor Swift, the savvy naïf.
ref: 2021 April 12, Carrie Battan, “Taylor Swift Wins with “Fearless (Taylor’s Version)””, in The New Yorker:
glosses: One who is naive.
twofer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtufɚ/
Forms: form: twofers
form: two-fer
Etymology: Shortened form of two-for-one [deal], that is, two for the price of one (BOGO).
Senses: examples: text: I dashed into the mall; bought a gift; raced to the card store, snapped up a two-fer gift-bag special and was back in my car in 26 minutes. I could medal in power shopping.
ref: 2004 October 29, Carol McAlice Currie, “Unposted laws make downtown seem unwelcoming”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 1C:
text: Thus, it was interesting to see that when the ISO 55001 Asset Management Standard was released last year, it also looks for an asset-management program to deliver its own twofers and threefers.
ref: 2015 February 18, Ken Bannister, “From Our Perspective: Revisiting the Power of Twofers and Threefers”, in Efficient Plant, archived from the original on 13 Dec 2024:
glosses: Something sold at a discount of two for the price of one.
examples: text: Justice Clarence Thomas served up a twofer last week […]
ref: 2021 June 22, Jason L. Riley, “Clarence Thomas vs. the Fictional Progressive Narrative”, in The Wall Street Journal:
glosses: Something that yields a substantial additional benefit; something that figuratively kills two birds with one stone.
glosses: The fashion of wearing long sleeves outside a short-sleeved shirt.
glosses: A cabling device used in theatre, allowing two stage lighting instruments to be connected to one dimmer.
Related terms: two birds with one stone
threefer
BOGO
bowdlerizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of bowdlerize
bowdlerising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of bowdlerise
cattywampus
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Measure carefully before cutting, or the entire structure will turn out cattywampus.
synonyms: word: skewampus
word: catawampus
extra: askew
glosses: Synonym of catawampus (“askew”).
examples: text: City hall is cattywampus to the post office.
glosses: Synonym of cater-corner (“diagonal to, not directly across from nor adjacent to”).
synonyms: word: cater-corner
extra: diagonal to, not directly across from nor adjacent to
POJ
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of Pe̍h-ōe-jī.
hardscrabble
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɑɹdˌskɹæbəl/
rhymes: -æbəl
Forms: form: hard-scrabble
Etymology: From hard + scrabble.
Senses: examples: text: his hardscrabble peanut farm
text: In the case of Allegheny Briskow, poverty, the drought, the grinding hardships of these hard-scrabble Texas counties, had dwarfed the intellect, the very soul of a splendid young animal.
ref: 1922, Rex Ellingwood Beach, chapter V, in Flowing Gold:
text: Villages in the more remote and hard-scrabble regions, including some mountain areas, are being abandoned, and nature is starting to creep back.
ref: 2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 286:
glosses: Requiring much work to farm, and ultimately not very productive.
raw_tags: of land
examples: text: He leads a hardscrabble existence.
text: Being the savage’s bowsman, that is, the person who pulled the bow-oar in his boat (the second one from forward), it was my cheerful duty to attend upon him while taking that hard-scrabble scramble upon the dead whale’s back.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 72, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: While Rose tried to keep up with Westbrook, the Knicks’ Carmelo Anthony struggled mightily, going 4 of 19 for 18 hardscrabble points.
ref: 2016 November 28, Mike Vorkunov, “Despite Flash of Rose’s Prime, Knicks Are Dazed by Westbrook and Thunder”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 08 Nov 2020:
text: Grace and her twin brother Gilbert (Kodi Smit-McPhee) lost their mother during birth, and their alcoholic father during their hardscrabble childhood.
ref: 2024 October 23, Jacob Oller, “Clay weepy Memoir Of A Snail crawls through a gauntlet of misery”, in AV Club, archived from the original on 23 Oct 2024:
glosses: Involving hard work and struggle.