cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
preposterously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹɪˈpɒstɹəsli/
ipa: /pɹɪˈpɒstəɹəsli/
ipa: /pɹə-/
ipa: /pɹəˈpɑstɹəsli/
ipa: /pɹəˈpɑstəɹəsli/
Forms: form: more preposterously
form: most preposterously
Etymology: From preposterous + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Some, however, have preposterously sisted nature as the first or generative principle.
ref: 1852, William Hamilton, Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and University Reform:
text: The opening sections of Martin’s biography are clogged with genealogical chronicles of the Garcías (the father’s family) and the Márquezes (the mother’s), snaking into the 19th century — a preposterously tangled story of cousins and noncousins united in wedlock, nonwedlock, near-incest, vendetta-mania and frontier trailblazing in the Colombian wilds[…]
ref: 2009 June 7, Paul Berman, “Telling the Tale”, in The New York Times:
glosses: In a preposterous manner.
degree Rankine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: degrees Rankine
Etymology: Named after the Glasgow University engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine, who proposed this scale in 1859.
Senses: glosses: A unit of thermodynamic temperature equal to 5/9 kelvin, and derived by offsetting the Fahrenheit scale to absolute zero.
Kalie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A female given name transferred from the surname, of modern usage, variant of Kaylee.
Afroasiatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: Afro-Asiatic
Etymology: From Afro- + Asiatic.
Senses: synonyms: Afrasian
Hamito-Semitic
Semito-Hamitic
glosses: Of, pertaining to, or being a language family spoken in northern Africa and southwest Asia, and including Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Semitic, and possibly Omotic languages.
Derived terms: Afroasiaticist
Proto-Afroasiatic
Afroasiatic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Afro-Asiatic
Etymology: From Afro- + Asiatic.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: Afrasian
Hamito-Semitic
glosses: The language family spoken in northern Africa and southwest Asia, and including Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Semitic, and possibly Omotic languages.
IDMC
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: IDMCs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of independent data monitoring committee.
IDMC
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Initialism of Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.
spit of land
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spits of land
Senses: glosses: A peninsula.
glosses: An island.
rational egoism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: This emotional feat does not seem to me possible and therefore I must admit that a man who embraces the principle of Rational Egoism cuts himself off from the special pleasure that attends this absolute sacrifice and suppression of self.
ref: 1886, J. Martineau, Types of Ethical Theory, Vol. 2, 2nd rev. Ed., Macmillan and Co., New York, p 343
text: A few like the Stoics could conceive of a general or collective utility more like the Epicureans could develop a rational egoism and at least make some effort to practice it but to the majority educated under the older religions the failure of those religions meant the substitution of an irrational egoism.
ref: 1893, Arthur T. Hadley, The Yale Review, Vol 1. May 1892 – Feb. 1893, Ginn & Co., New York, p 363
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
synonyms: rational selfishness
glosses: The doctrine that it is rational to act in one's own self-interest.
Related terms: rational choice theory
brust
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: brusts
form: brusting
form: brust
form: brust
Senses: glosses: Obsolete form of burst.
Related terms: bristle
grow up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: grows up
form: growing up
form: grew up
form: grown up
Etymology: Dissimilated from Middle English upgrowen.
Senses: examples: text: What do you want to be when you grow up?
text: Attila grew up a nomad on the plains of Hungary
text: I'm in the place where I grew up, where my alma mater is.
ref: 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Evesham (1870)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 58:
glosses: To mature and become an adult.
examples: text: Socialism grew up in the industrial cities.
glosses: To start to develop; to flourish.
examples: text: Will you grow up please, and stop making silly faces?
glosses: To stop acting as or like a child (often used as an imperative interjection).
Synonyms: sense: to mature
word: age
word: upgrow
word: to age
sense: to start to develop
word: blossom
sense: to start to develop
word: prosper
Derived terms: grown up
grow up
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Etymology: Dissimilated from Middle English upgrowen.
Senses: examples: text: You're giggling because I said "butt"? Grow up, seriously.
text: Grow up! The Bible is nothing more than a astrotheological allegory for things like the Sun!
glosses: Used to criticize childish behavior, especially that considered unreasonable for one's age.
CD4
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: CD4s
Etymology: Initialism of cluster of differentiation type 4.
Senses: topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: A glycoprotein found on the surface of helper T cells and several other types of immune cells.
examples: text: In short, while CD4 counts can tell you where you are now, the viral load tells you where you are going.
ref: 1996 September, Louise Rice, “New Knowledges, New Treatments, New Hope”, in Gay Community News, page 5:
topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: A CD4+ helper T cell.
Hypernyms: receptor
Coordinate terms: CCR5
CXCR4
Derived terms: CD4+
T-cell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: T-cells
Senses: examples: text: Receptors and co-receptors sat on the outside of human T-cells.
ref: 2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 414:
glosses: Alternative spelling of T cell (especially when used in attributive position)
upregulation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: upregulations
Etymology: From up- + regulation.
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The process, in the regulation of gene expression, in which the number, or activity of receptors increases in order to increase sensitivity.
Related terms: upregulate
downregulation
corner office
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: corner offices
Senses: examples: text: Mr. Pichai has made it a point to not act like a corner office “messiah” […]
ref: 2021 June 21, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Executives See Cracks in Their Company’s Success”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: An office at a place in a building or floor where two walls join together, generally occupied by managers.
stockfish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɒkfɪʃ/
rhymes: -ɒkfɪʃ
Forms: form: stockfishes
form: stockfish
form: stokvis
form: stockphyshe
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English stokfissh, stokfysch, from Middle Dutch stocvisch and/or Middle Low German stokvisch (“stick fish”). Equivalent to stock + fish.
Senses: examples: text: So the Prior of Saint Botolph’s hobbled back again into the refectory, to preside over the stockfish and ale, which was just serving out for the friars’ breakfast.
ref: 1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:
text: We saw the codfish here in all the stages of preparation for the table and the market; the stockfish, dried in the open air, without salt; crapefish, salted and pressed
ref: 1856, Elisha Kent Kane, Arctic Explorations:
glosses: A cod (or similar fish) having been cut open and cured in the open air without salt.
stockfish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɒkfɪʃ/
rhymes: -ɒkfɪʃ
Forms: form: stockfishes
form: stockfish
form: stokvis
form: stockphyshe
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans stokvis, from Dutch stokvis.
Senses: glosses: The shallow-water Cape hake (Merluccius capensis)
Synonyms: sense: Merluccius capensis
word: South African hake
Coordinate terms: sense: Merluccius capensis
taxonomic: Merluccius paradoxus
word: deep-water Cape hake
Hitlerish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Hitlerish
form: most Hitlerish
Etymology: From Hitler + -ish.
Senses: glosses: Fascist; Hitlerian.
examples: a Hitlerish regime; a Hitlerish religious organization
glosses: Extremely oppressive or restrictive; draconian.
angel dust
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: First attested in c. 1969 in Rolling Stone magazine.
Senses: synonyms: fairy dust
PCP
peace pill
crystal
hog
horse tranquilizer
zoot
glosses: Phencyclidine, a type of dissociative anesthetic.
coordinate_terms: devil's dust
glosses: Clenbuterol, a banned growth hormone formerly used in animal feedlots.
Related terms: angel dusting
downregulation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: downregulations
Etymology: From down- + regulation.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: The suppression of a response to a stimulus
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The process, in the regulation of gene expression, in which the number, or activity of receptors decreases in order to decrease sensitivity
Related terms: upregulation
tregetour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈtɹɛd͡ʒətə/
Forms: form: tregetours
Etymology: From Old French tregetor, from tregeter (“throw around”), ultimately from Latin trans + jactare (“throw”).
Senses: examples: text: I say the sewer thought I was dressed to bear a part in the tregetour’s mummery, and so I got admission.
ref: 1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:
glosses: A magician or juggler; a trickster.
PCP
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: PCPs
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Abbreviation of phenylcyclohexylpiperidine, an alternative name for phencyclidine.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Abbreviation of pentachlorophenol.
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Initialism of peptidyl carrier protein.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Initialism of probabilistically checkable proof.
topics: government
healthcare
glosses: Initialism of primary care physician.
topics: government
healthcare
glosses: Initialism of primary care practitioner.
examples: text: The lab had reported on Jane's disease, and the doctors were confident that they could treat it. She had PCP, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which strikes patients with depressed immune systems—notably victims of ALL or AIDS.
ref: 2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 76:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Abbreviation of pneumocystis pneumonia.
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: Initialism of personal construct psychology.
Synonyms: angel dust
ill
sherm
PCP
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Initialism of Portuguese Communist Party.
cri de coeur
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɹiː.dəˈkɜː/
ipa: /ˌkɹi.dəˈkɚ/
Forms: form: cris de coeur
form: cri-de-coeur
form: cri de cœur
Etymology: From French cri du cœur, meaning approximately “a cry from the heart”.
Senses: examples: text: What do you think of Mr. Salinger's cri de coeur?
ref: 2011, Stephen King, 11/22/63, New York: Scribner, →ISBN, page 308:
text: Personal accounts of racial discrimination were eagerly sought by whites seeking to understand "those people," while blacks justly valued them as overdue cris de coeur.
ref: 2014 May 28, John McWhorter, “Saint Maya”, in The New Republic, →ISSN:
text: McCarthy’s reign was dangerous, but it lasted only three years, and it was attorney Joseph Welch’s heartfelt cri de Coeur during the Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954—“Have you no sense of decency, sir?”—that rang the loudest.
ref: 2015 August 27, Michael Signer, “What Happens When Donald Trump Stirs Up 'Passionate' Supporters”, in The Atlantic:
text: But “Funeral for Justice,” due May 3, amps up the urgency in his work. It is a cri de coeur of screaming guitars and lyrics decrying the legacy of colonialism in Niger and throughout Africa, where Western powers retain a strong but not always welcome influence, and political and economic instability are endemic hazards.
ref: 2024 April 22, Ben Sisario, “Mdou Moctar’s Guitar Is a Screaming Siren Against Africa’s Colonial Legacy”, in The New York Times, retrieved 02 May 2024:
glosses: An impassioned outcry, appeal, protest or entreaty.
opsonin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɒpsənɪn/
Forms: form: opsonins
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to purchase provisions, to buy victuals, to cater”) + -in.
Senses: glosses: Any chemical produced by the body, including antibodies and complement proteins, that causes a pathogen to be more susceptible to phagocytosis.
Derived terms: opsonic
opsoniferous
opsonize
opsonization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: opsonizations
form: opsonisation
Etymology: From opsonize + -ation.
Senses: topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: The process or result of opsonizing
Derived terms: preopsonization
Related terms: opsonin
Greek fire
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: “There is yet spirit in him,” said Malvoisin apart to Mont–Fitchet, “were it well directed — but, like the Greek fire, it burns whatever approaches it.”
ref: 1819, Sir Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:
synonyms: Byzantine fire
Grecian fire
glosses: A highly flammable substance of unknown composition first used by the Greeks of Constantinople in the 7th century ce to set fire to enemy ships, buildings, etc.
amphiboly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /amˈfɪbəli/
Forms: form: amphibolies
Etymology: From Old French amphibolie, from Latin amphibolia, from Ancient Greek ἀμφιβολία (amphibolía, “ambiguity”).
Senses: examples: text: 1781, Kant, "Critique of Pure Reason," from John Meiklejohn 1855 translation
Without this reflection I should make a very unsafe use of these conceptions, and construct pretended synthetical propositions which critical reason cannot acknowledge and which are based solely upon a transcendental amphiboly, that is, upon a substitution of an object of pure understanding for a phenomenon.
text: By logical errors I mean such simple things as Equivocation, Amphiboly, and Begging the Question.
ref: 1931, Adrian Coates, “Philosophy as Criticism and Point of View,”, in Philosophy, volume 6, number 23, page 339:
text: The language might be fraught with word ambiguity or sentence amphiboly.
ref: 1987, Jeffrey Buechner, “Radically Misinterpreting Radical Interpretation,”, in The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, volume 45, number 4, page 410:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: An ambiguous grammatical construction.
Derived terms: amphibolic
amphibology
Related terms: equivocation
goatfish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: goatfishes
form: goatfish
Etymology: From goat + fish.
Senses: glosses: Any of the family Mullidae of brightly coloured fish with two barbels on the chin.
Hyponyms: sense: fish in Mullidae
english: genus
translation: genus
word: Mulloidichthys
sense: fish in Mullidae
english: genus
translation: genus
word: Mullus
sense: fish in Mullidae
english: genus
translation: genus
word: Parupeneus
sense: fish in Mullidae
english: genus
translation: genus
word: Pseudupeneus
sense: fish in Mullidae
english: genus
translation: genus
word: Upeneichthys
sense: fish in Mullidae
english: genus
translation: genus
word: Upeneus
Derived terms: bicolor goatfish
leatherjacket
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: leatherjackets
Etymology: From leather + jacket.
Senses: glosses: The larva of certain crane flies.
glosses: Any of several brightly coloured tropical fishes, of the family Balistidae, including the filefish and the triggerfish; leatherfish.
glosses: Any of several Atlantic fishes, of the genus Oligoplites, that have a leathery skin; leatherjack.
glosses: grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata).
Derived terms: smooth leatherjacket
velvet leatherjacket
crane flies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of crane fly
surgeonfish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: surgeonfishes
form: surgeonfish
Etymology: From surgeon + fish.
Senses: glosses: Any of many species of reef-dwelling fishes, most of them brightly coloured, of the family Acanthuridae. They bear erectile, scalpel-like, dangerously sharp spines on either side of the caudal peduncle.
transcribing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of transcribe
Quincy
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɪnsi/
topics: city
cities
region
location
note: in Massachusetts
ipa: /ˈkwɪnzi/
Etymology: A Norman surname of Old French origin, from a place name Quincy or Quincey in France, ultimately from Latin Quintus (“fifth [born]”).
Use in reference to toilets derives from President John Quincy Adams, who was the first to have one installed at the White House.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Old French.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname.
glosses: A female given name.
glosses: Any of a number of places in the US named after people with the surname, including:
A census-designated place, the county seat of Plumas County, California. Originally named Quinsy.
glosses: Any of a number of places in the US named after people with the surname, including:
A city, the county seat of Gadsden County, Florida.
glosses: Any of a number of places in the US named after people with the surname, including:
A city, the county seat of Adams County, Illinois.
examples: text: ‘Adjacent to the city of Boston, Massachusetts, is a township named Quincy.’
ref: 2022, Percival Everett, Dr. No, Influx Press (2023), page 205:
glosses: Any of a number of places in the US named after people with the surname, including:
A city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts.
Derived terms: East Quincy
West Quincy
Quincy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkwɪnsi/
topics: city
cities
region
location
note: in Massachusetts
ipa: /ˈkwɪnzi/
Forms: form: Quincies
Etymology: A Norman surname of Old French origin, from a place name Quincy or Quincey in France, ultimately from Latin Quintus (“fifth [born]”).
Use in reference to toilets derives from President John Quincy Adams, who was the first to have one installed at the White House.
Senses: glosses: A kind of dry white wine made from Sauvignon blanc grapes grown near Quincy in the Loire valley.
examples: text: I'll be right back. I need to go visit Quincy.
glosses: A toilet: a fixture for urination and defecation, particularly (humorous) as a personification of the device.
Synonyms: topics: wine
oenology
beverages
food
lifestyle
word: Sauvignon blanc
sense: toilet
word: toilet
tone number
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tone numbers
Senses: examples: text: When we type the syllable "shi" in pinyin, we should always remember to put its tone number after it to avoid confusion.
glosses: A number allocated to a syllable in various transliteration systems such as Hanyu Pinyin indicating the tone in which it is pronounced.
cicatrices
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cicatrix
glosses: plural of cicatrice
tone numbers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tone number
cinchona
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɪŋˈkəʊnə/
ipa: /sɪŋˈkoʊnə/
rhymes: -əʊnə
Forms: form: cinchonas
form: chinchona
form: chincona
Etymology: From New Latin cinchona, from Spanish Chinchón. Named by Carl Linnaeus after Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón (1599–1625), the wife of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, who was allegedly cured of a fever by the bark.
Senses: examples: text: He seems to have collected plants of every kind - sugar-cane, coffee, cinchona, cocoa, indigo, and many others - and thus demonstrates beyond a doubt that Arnheim's Land will not prove herself behind the rest of the tropical world both in planting and agriculture, when the labour question is settled, and a properly-arranged coolie system enables planters to give the country a proper trial.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 222:
text: German chemists were the first to isolate pure drug chemicals from herbal medicines, with the isolation of morphine from crude opium in 1803 and quinine from the bark of the cinchona tree in 1820.
ref: 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 8:
synonyms: quinquina
glosses: A tree or shrub of the genus Cinchona, native to the Andes in South America but since widely cultivated in Indonesia and India as well for its medicinal bark.
synonyms: cinchona bark
Jesuit's bark
Peruvian bark
quinquina
glosses: The bark of these plants, which yield quinine and other alkaloids useful in reducing fevers and particularly in combatting malaria.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Any medicine chiefly composed of the prepared bark of these plants.
Derived terms: cinchonal
cinchona red
cinchonise
cinchonism
cinchonize
Related terms: cinchonaceae
cinchonaceous
cinchonamine
cinchonate
cinchonia
cinchonic
cinchonic acid
cinchonicia
cinchonicine
cinchonic red
cinchonidia
cinchonidine
cincture
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪŋk.t͡ʃɚ/
rhymes: -ɪŋktʃə(ɹ)
Forms: form: cinctures
Etymology: From Latin cinctūra. Cognate with Spanish cintura (“waist”). Doublet of ceinture.
Senses: glosses: An enclosure, or the act of enclosing, encircling or encompassing
examples: text: In one, dated eighteen years ago, he appeared, wearing only sandals and a cincture of vine leaves, between two classical garden statues.
ref: 1988, Alan Hollinghurst, The Swimming-Pool Library, paperback edition, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 161:
glosses: A girdle or belt, especially as part of a vestment
topics: architecture
glosses: The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.
Derived terms: encincture
cincture
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪŋk.t͡ʃɚ/
rhymes: -ɪŋktʃə(ɹ)
Forms: form: cinctures
form: cincturing
form: cinctured
form: cinctured
Etymology: From Latin cinctūra. Cognate with Spanish cintura (“waist”). Doublet of ceinture.
Senses: glosses: To encircle, or surround.
glosses: To girdle (stunt or kill by cutting).
cinematographer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cinematographers
Etymology: From cinematograph + -er.
Senses: topics: broadcasting
cinematography
film
media
television
glosses: A photographer who oversees the operations of the cameras and lighting when making a film. The cinematographer may also double as the camera operator of the movie camera, though this is usually done by a cameraman. The film director may also double as the cinematographer, though this is usually a different person.
examples: text: It is what the spectator sees, not reads, that leaves the lasting impression. The best plan is to have the cinematographer call in order to determine the details to be covered.
ref: 1916, The American School Board Journal, volume 53, page 41:
glosses: One who exhibits motion pictures; a projectionist.
Synonyms: word: cinematographist
sense: photographer
word: director of photography
sense: photographer
word: DP
sense: photographer
word: DOP
cinematographic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɪ.nə.mæ.təˈɡɹæ.fɪk/
rhymes: -ɪk
Forms: form: more cinematographic
form: most cinematographic
Etymology: From cinematograph + -ic.
Senses: glosses: of or pertaining to cinematography
Derived terms: cinematographically
noncinematographic
radiocinematographic
circuital
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more circuital
form: most circuital
Etymology: From circuit + -al.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to a circuit.
Derived terms: Ampère's circuital law
circuital analysis
noncircuital
circuitously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more circuitously
form: most circuitously
Etymology: From circuitous + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: I encountered a couple of hungry-looking dogs, but both hurried circuitously away from the advances I made them.
ref: 1895–1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Work of Fifteen Days”, in The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, published 1898, →OCLC, book II (The Earth under the Martians), page 244:
text: For instance: I raised, as a problem, my difficulty in finishing my book, in writing without a deadline. I raised it at length, circuitously, with emotion.
ref: 1998 August 17, Adam Gopnik, “Man Goes To See a Doctor”, in The New Yorker:
glosses: In a circuitous manner; following a circuitous route.
circuitousness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From circuitous + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: But as the circuitousness of this route and the extremely slow running required over the Midland-North Stafford link have increased overall journey times of the trains concerned to 4 hr. 38 min. down and 4½ hr. up, they are hardly likely to prove very attractive to through passengers.
ref: 1960 March, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, page 175:
glosses: The state of being circuitous.
circuity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: circuities
Etymology: From circuit + -y.
Senses: examples: text: It may here suffice to add that, compared with the formalities, the fictions, and the circuities of legal assurances, they surprise us with a simplicity and directness of purpose which would satisfy the most zealous advocate for these desirable qualities […]
ref: 1827, James Humphreys, Observations on the Actual State of the English Laws of Real Property:
text: Upon the establishment of a mint at some intermediate place, these useless and inconvenient circuities would be dispensed with, and the expediency and utility of supplying the internal provinces with money would become apparent […]
ref: 1830, Francisco Javier Gamboa, Commentaries on the mining ordinances of Spain:
text: For the only reason why the mortgagee can tack his bond to his mortgage, is to prevent a circuity of suits; it is solely matter of arrangement for that purpose; for the right has no foundation in natural justice.
ref: 1860, Sir Henry Gwillim, A New Abridgment of the Law, volume 7, page 138:
glosses: A circuitous plan; a roundabout way of doing something.
examples: text: By adding up all squared values and by dividing the total by the number of vertices we get a number indicating the degree of circuity of the transportation network relative to the given vortex.
ref: 1986, Yash Aggarwal, Transport Geography of India:
text: The avoidance of circuity of action is an alternative defence pleaded by the defendants to a salvage action when the wrongdoing ship in a collision and the salving ship which saves the 'innocent' ship are under the same ownership.
ref: 2003, Christopher Julius Starforth Hill, Maritime Law, page 379:
text: And despite the occasional apparent circuity of routing required by the hub-and-spoke system, excess air mileage has increased only about 1 percentage point.
ref: 2010, Steven Morrison, The Evolution of the Airline Industry, page 23:
glosses: The state or quality of being circuitous.
examples: text: Total average circuities for the years 1947 and 1950 were estimated as 14 and 13 per cent, respectively, and the overall circuity for the commodity groups in 1947 was 13 per cent for products of agriculture, 8 per cent for animals and products […]
ref: 1956, Traffic World, volume 97, Traffic Service Corporation:
text: The circuity factor is the average ratio of road miles to air miles between two points on a landscape.
ref: 2006, Biomass Energy and Biofuels from Oregon's Forests:
topics: transport
glosses: A measure of the ratio of road miles to air miles between two locations.
circularity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: circularities
Etymology: From circular + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The state of being circular.
glosses: A circular object, form or argument.
Derived terms: cocircularity
epistemic circularity
metacircularity
circularize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: circularizes
form: circularizing
form: circularized
form: circularized
Etymology: From circular + -ize.
Senses: glosses: To publicize something by publishing and distributing circulars.
examples: text: Mr and Mrs Aloysius Kirby announce the marriage of their daughter Katherine – I knew neither the girl nor the man she was marrying. They must be circularizing the town.
ref: 1926, Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises, Folio Society, published 2008, page 56:
glosses: To distribute a circular or circulars to.
glosses: To canvass opinion by using a questionnaire.
glosses: To make (something) circular in shape.
Derived terms: circularizable
circularization
circularizer
decircularize
recircularize
circulatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɜːk(j)uːlətəɹi/
ipa: /ˈsɜːk(j)uːlətɹi/
ipa: /ˈsɝkjələˌtɔɹi/
Etymology: From French circulatoire, from Latin circulatorius.
Senses: examples: text: circulatory diseases
text: circulatory organs
glosses: Of or pertaining to a circulation, especially to the circulatory system.
examples: text: a circulatory letter
glosses: Circular; going round.
Derived terms: cardiocirculatory
cerebrocirculatory
circulatory shock
circulatory system
dyscirculatory
macrocirculatory
microcirculatory
neurocirculatory
noncirculatory
procirculatory
recirculatory
circulatory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɜːk(j)uːlətəɹi/
ipa: /ˈsɜːk(j)uːlətɹi/
ipa: /ˈsɝkjələˌtɔɹi/
Forms: form: circulatories
Etymology: From French circulatoire, from Latin circulatorius.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A vessel with two portions unequally exposed to heat, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from the relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.
circumferential
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /səː.kəm.fəˈɹɛn.ʃəl/
ipa: /səː.kəm.f(ə)ˈɹɛn.t͡ʃəl/
ipa: /sɝ.kəm.f(ə)ˈɹɛn.ʃəl/
Forms: form: more circumferential
form: most circumferential
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to a circumference.
glosses: Circuitous, indirect or roundabout.
Derived terms: circumferentially
microcircumferential
noncircumferential
circumstantially
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /səː.kəmˈstæn.ʃə.li/
ipa: /sɝ.kəmˈstæn.ʃə.li/
Forms: form: more circumstantially
form: most circumstantially
Etymology: From circumstantial + -ly.
Senses: glosses: in a circumstantial manner
examples: text: Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only circumstantially different.
ref: 1665, Joseph Glanvill, Scepsis Scientifica: Or, Confest Ignorance, the Way to Science; […], London: […] E. C[otes] for Henry Eversden […], →OCLC:
glosses: In respect to circumstances; not essentially; accidentally.
examples: text: To set down somewhat circumstantially, not only the events, but the manner of my trials.
ref: 1665, Robert Boyle, New Experiments and Observations Touching Cold:
glosses: In every circumstance or particular; minutely.
paj
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A lighter form of pongee silk.
ad absurdum
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin ad absurdum (“to absurdity”).
Senses: glosses: To the point of absurdity.
Derived terms: reductio ad absurdum
running man
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: qualifier: preceded by definite article
glosses: A dance move popular in the late 1980s to early 1990s, characterized by running movements done in place with hands going in an alternating forward-backward motion.
B.A.
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: B.A.'s
form: B.A.s
form: BA
Senses: examples: text: In the 1918 list five B.A.’s were given post obitum, honoris causa and 35 were granted to men unable to be present because of absence in the Service.
ref: 1918, Yale Alumni Weekly, page 1086:
text: And there was a time when women were told to go to college not for a B.A. or a B.S. but for an “MRS. Degree,” with the expectation of walking right off the graduation stage and down the aisle.
ref: 2020 May 15, Amisha Padnani, “Is Marriage a Prize?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 15 May 2020:
glosses: Initialism of Bachelor of Arts (collegiate degree).
examples: text: That's what college ought to be for, instead of for turning out a lot of B.A.s, so chock full of book-learning and vanity that there ain't room for anything else.
ref: 1909 September, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, “A Wedding at the Stone House”, in Anne of Avonlea, Boston, Mass.: L[ouis] C[oues] Page & Company, →OCLC, page 359:
text: On account of the shortness of the Lent Term, permission was granted in 1684 (Dec. 16), to make the work lighter by the passing of two graces, allowing inceptors in arts to make their disputations with an M.A. any day in term-time in the Logic, Philosophy, or Law schools, from 7 to 9, or 9 to 11 a. m., and 1 to 3, or 3 to 5 p. m., in the presence of the Proctor (or a regent his deputy) and at least six B.A.’s, and to hold disputations or declamations of inceptors and questionists, even out of term, at the Proctors’ pleasure, provided that the questions were duly posted on the doors and a Moderator present, as well as twelve Sophs at the Sophs’ disputations, and six B.A.’s at the Bachelors’ declamations.
ref: 1910, Christopher Wordsworth, Scholae Academicae: Some Account of the Studies at the English Universities in the Eighteenth Century, Cambridge: At the University Press, pages 61–62:
text: I should be sorry for the B.A.’s, because I think they have as good stuff in them as the others, but their want of education has unfitted them for work requiring “auza.”
ref: 1913, H[arold] Fielding-Hall, The Passing of Empire, page 299:
text: B.A.’s should undergo 2 years’ course at college
ref: 1925, The Calendar, page 802:
glosses: Initialism of Bachelor of Arts (person with the degree).
taxed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of tax
taxed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more taxed
form: most taxed
Senses: glosses: Subject to taxation.
Related terms: sin-taxed
Jinju
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Korean 진주(晋州) (Jinju).
Senses: examples: text: Mr. Kang’s day begins at 6 a.m., when he serves his 13 fighting bulls the first of four hot meals a day. On this morning, Mr. Kang was busy stoking the fire under a caldron filled with bean sprouts, rice stalks, corn, yams, potatoes, pumpkin chunks and anchovies  a stark contrast to the factory feed that goes to ordinary cattle at Mr. Kang’s ranch in Jinju, about 180 miles south of Seoul.
ref: 2022 October 24, Choe Sang-Hun, “No Red Cape, or Red Ink, in South Korean Bullrings”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 01 Apr 2009, Asia Pacific:
glosses: A city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.
scanned
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ænd
Forms: form: more scanned
form: most scanned
Senses: glosses: Converted to a digital format using a scanner.
glosses: Seen, looked at.
Related terms: scanned-in
scanned
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ænd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of scan
deerskin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deerskins
form: deer-skin
Etymology: From deer + skin.
Senses: examples: text: The moccasin maker had a pile of deerskin on the table, waiting to be cut out.
text: Nichole wore a pair of deerskin gloves because she said she could feel more through them.
glosses: Leather made from deer hide.
examples: text: The hunter exchanged twenty deerskins for a bottle of whiskey at the trading post.
glosses: The hide, whether tanned or not, of one deer.
examples: text: The trapper wore deerskins because they were softer than cow leather garments and rustled less than canvas.
glosses: An article of clothing manufactured from deerskin. Often constructed in the plural.
Hyponyms: skin
Related terms: buckskin
doeskin
deerskins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of deerskin
deer-skin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deer-skins
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of deerskin.
deer-skins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of deer-skin (alternative spelling of deerskins).
wrong side of the tracks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wrong sides of the tracks
Etymology: Originated from municipalities where the sections were divided by railway tracks.
Senses: examples: text: He grew up on the wrong side of the tracks, but he made a success of himself.
text: An arc electric light has been put toward the north side of the depot, […] As one gentleman expressed it, the people can more quickly see that they are on the "wrong side of the track."
ref: 1893 June 29, “City and Vicinity”, in The Burlington Free Press and Times, volume 50, number 154, page 8:
text: “Can you come over to the wrong side of the tracks?” she asked, an amused dryness underscoring the delivery of that question. “Always.” “I was, of course, referring to geographical matters. You live in the more chic part of Kreuzberg.”
ref: 2011, Douglas Kennedy, The Moment, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 173:
text: Mr. McKenzie rose to prominence in the early 2000s playing Ryan Atwood, a brooding, musclebound teenager from the wrong side of the tracks who moves in with a wealthy family in Newport Beach, Calif.
ref: 2022 March 31, David Yaffe-Bellany, “Ben McKenzie Would Like a Word With the Crypto Bros”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: The part of town that is not inhabited by the wealthy. An area where the working class, poor or extremely poor live.
Synonyms: other side of the tracks
wrong side of town
Related terms: get up on the wrong side of the bed
doeskin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: doeskins
Etymology: From doe + skin.
Senses: examples: text: He was dressed in shirt of doeskin, / White and soft, and fringed with ermine, / All inwrought with beads of wampum...
ref: 1856, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Hiawatha:
text: A long knife was in the doeskin belt that supported the doeskin skirt tightly about her lithe limbs.
ref: 1916, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Lost Continent:
glosses: Leather from the skin of a female deer or sheep.
examples: text: Frequently, doeskins had a higher value in trade than the skins of bucks, as they were considered of finer quality.
glosses: The hide of a doe, as opposed to a buck.
examples: text: Elizabeth accidentally left her doeskins on the pew at Sunday service.
glosses: A glove made of doeskin leather.
examples: text: In the morning Mr. Logan wore a doeskin box coat with pearl buttons nearly as large as alarm clocks in two rows on it.
ref: 1905, William Cowper Brann, The Complete Works of Brann the Iconoclast, Volume 10:
glosses: A very soft, close-napped fabric, especially of high quality.
Hyponyms: skin
rein in
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: reins in
form: reining in
form: reined in
form: reined in
Senses: glosses: To stop or slow a horse by pulling the reins
examples: text: The government has no other option than to rein in public spending.
text: “As you are well aware, over the last few months we’ve made a considerable effort to rein in costs, but it simply hasn’t been enough,” Daniel Ek, Spotify’s chief executive, said in a note to employees on Monday.
ref: 2023 January 23, Isabella Simonetti, quoting Daniel Ek, “Spotify to Lay Off 6% of Its Work Force”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: To stop or slow something, by exercising control.
defacement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfeɪsmənt/
rhymes: -eɪsmənt
Forms: form: defacements
Etymology: From deface + -ment.
Senses: examples: text: Some consider the defacement of the Sphinx to be the most egregious crime of Napolean's campaigns.
glosses: An act of defacing; an instance of visibly marring or disfiguring something.
examples: text: The soldiers found a variety of creative uses for their payment scrip after its defacement to scrap paper; some used it as toilet paper.
glosses: An act of voiding or devaluing; nullification of the face value.
topics: government
heraldry
history
hobbies
human-sciences
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
sciences
vexillology
glosses: A symbol added to a flag or coat of arms to change it or make it different from another.
Synonyms: sense: act of defacing
word: disfiguration
sense: act of defacing
word: graffiti
sense: act of defacing
word: obliteration
sense: act of defacing
word: vandalism
sense: nullification of face value
word: cancellation
sense: nullification of face value
word: devaluation
defacements
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of defacement
planter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈplæntə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈplɑːntə(ɹ)/
homophone: plantar
Forms: form: planters
Etymology: From plant + -er.
Senses: examples: text: She didn't use any magic truth serums, nor did she suggest hypnotherapy, but barring this, she personified the greatest enemy of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation — an evil planter of false memories.
ref: 2002, Jill Christman, Darkroom: A Family Exposure, page 100:
text: De Rocco, the compulsive rose planter, had surreptitiously placed the rose there.
ref: 2014, Andrea di Robilant, Chasing the Rose: An Adventure in the Venetian Countryside:
text: Chelmsford station is looking smarter after the local Community Rail Partnership and Rotary Club members installed 12 large planters on the platforms.
ref: 2023 February 8, “Network News: News in Brief: Planters at Chelmsford”, in RAIL, number 976, page 20:
glosses: One who plants something.
glosses: One who plants something.
Any of the early English or Scottish settlers who were given the lands of the dispossessed Irish populace during the reign of Elizabeth I.
glosses: One who plants something.
Any member of a similar landed class of (often wealthy) farm owners elsewhere, such as plantation owners whose lands are worked by farm workers, wage slaves, or slaves.
glosses: A box or pot for plants to be planted in, usually large and standing on the floor.
glosses: A machine for planting seeds or transplants.
Derived terms: church planter
planter box
planterful
plantership
planter's wart
dehumidify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˌhjuːˈmɪdɪfaɪ/
Forms: form: dehumidifies
form: dehumidifying
form: dehumidified
form: dehumidified
Etymology: From de- + humid + -ify.
Senses: examples: text: Many air conditioners, in addition to reducing the temperature, also dehumidify the air.
text: The air-handling equipment humidifies, dehumidifies, and distributes the correct amount of fresh air into every zone and eliminates all smoke, dust, and odors, with electric precipitrons.
ref: 1949, Proceedings of the ... Consolidated Convention of the International Brotherhood of Boiler Makers, Iron Ship Builders, and Helpers of America, page 159:
text: [...] the compressor and condenser units of the refrigeration apparatus, which cools and de-humidifies the air entering the cars, are underframe-mounted, with evaporator units in the ceiling, [...].
ref: 1960 August 24, G. Freeman Allen, “The new diesel-electric luxury Pullman units of British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 475:
glosses: To reduce the moisture in a body of air; to lower the humidity.
Derived terms: dehumidifier
Related terms: humidifier
Travelling Community
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Travelling Community
Senses: glosses: A nomadic ethnic minority, the Irish Travellers.
Synonyms: sense: nomadic minority
word: gypsies
sense: nomadic minority
word: itinerants
sense: nomadic minority
word: knackers
sense: nomadic minority
word: pavees
sense: nomadic minority
word: traveller
defaces
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of deface
defacing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfeɪsɪŋ(ɡ)/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of deface
defacing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfeɪsɪŋ(ɡ)/
Forms: form: defacings
Senses: glosses: defacement
defaced
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of deface
effaces
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of efface
effacing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of efface
effaced
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of efface
climes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klaɪmz/
homophone: climbs
rhymes: -aɪmz
Senses: glosses: plural of clime
climes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /klaɪmz/
homophone: climbs
rhymes: -aɪmz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of clime
Kyōto
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Kyoto: a prefecture of Japan.
examples: text: The shogunate was overthrown in 1867 by supporters of Emperor Meiji. The following year, the emperor moved his court from Kyōto to Edo and renamed it Tōkyō: the Eastern Capital.
ref: 2007, Alexis C. Kelly with Deborah Kaufman, Fodor's Tōkyō, Fodor's Travel (Random House), →ISBN:
glosses: Alternative spelling of Kyoto: the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, and the country's former capital.
dethrones
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of dethrone
dethroning
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of dethrone
dethroning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dethronings
Senses: glosses: The removal of a ruler from the throne.
dethroned
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of dethrone
cross-section
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cross-sections
Senses: examples: text: The book's publication was also welcomed by a wide cross-section of the industry, with a large group of both current and former industry leaders gathering for the launch at St Pancras.
ref: 2019 December 18, “A 'labour of love' as illustrated history of HMRI launches”, in Rail, page 16:
glosses: Alternative form of cross section.
funeral director
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: funeral directors
Senses: examples: Near-synonyms: cremator, embalmer, mortician
glosses: An undertaker; one who arranges funerals.
Related terms: funeral home
funeral parlor
funereal
deathcare
cirrhotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈɹɒtɪk/
Forms: form: more cirrhotic
form: most cirrhotic
Senses: glosses: Of, pertaining to, or suffering from cirrhosis.
Derived terms: noncirrhotic
cirrhotic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈɹɒtɪk/
Forms: form: cirrhotics
Senses: glosses: A person who has cirrhosis.
citified
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of citify