further
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: fûr′thər
ipa: /ˈfɜː.ðə/
ipa: /ˈfɝ.ðɚ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)
Forms: form: farther
Etymology: From Middle English further, forther, from Old English forþor, furþor (“further”, adverb), from Proto-West Germanic *furþer, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (a common preposition), equivalent to fore + -ther (a vestigial comparative ending still present in such words as other, either, whether, and, in altered form, in after); or as sometimes stated, as forth + -er. Cognate with Scots forder, furder (“further”), Saterland Frisian foarder (“further”), West Frisian fierder (“further”), Dutch verder (“further”), German fürder (“further”).
Senses: examples: text: I can run further than you.
text: I live a little further out of town.
text: How was your company doing ten years further back?
text: “A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing.[…]”
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
qualifier: comparative form of far
glosses: To, at or over a greater distance in space, time or other extent.
examples: text: Of the two civilisations, this one was further advanced.
text: I do not propose to discuss it any further. - Please, let me explain just a little further.
qualifier: comparative form of far
glosses: To a greater extent or degree.
examples: text: Chapter 10 further explains the ideas introduced in Chapter 9.
text: Don't confuse things further.
text: Further, affiant sayeth naught. (A formal statement ending a deposition or affidavit, immediately preceding the affiant's signature.)
text: The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives.[…]who, if anyone, is policing their use[?] Such concerns were sharpened further by the continuing revelations about how the US National Security Agency (NSA) has been using algorithms to help it interpret the colossal amounts of data it has collected from its covert dragnet of international telecommunications.
ref: 2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 26:
glosses: Beyond what is already stated or is already the case.
examples: text: It is overlong, and further, it makes no sense.
text: I claim furthermore that he did not own the company but only worked there.
text: Further, besides sensible things and Forms he says there are the objects of mathematics, which occupy an intermediate position,[…].
ref: 1924, Aristotle, translated by W. D. Ross, Metaphysics, Book 1, Part 6:
glosses: Also; in addition; furthermore; moreover.
examples: text: Further to our recent telephone call, I am writing to clarify certain points raised.
text: This example is further to the one on page 17.
text: The Court notes that the applicant’s registration by the StB as their “agent” lies at the heart of the application. Although the Court has no jurisdiction ratione temporis to examine the registration as such, it observes that, further to his registration, the applicant was issued with a negative security clearance and his name and reputation were called into question.
ref: 2006 February 14, European Court of Human Rights, Turek v. Slovakia, number 57986/00, marginal 110:
glosses: Following on (from).
raw_tags: with to
Derived terms: furthermore
seek-no-further
Related terms: far