cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
billionaire
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌbɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/
Forms: form: billionaires
Etymology: From billion + -aire.
Senses: examples: text: Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers.[…]Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.
ref: 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:
text: The ranks of the billionaire class last year grew by just over 200 to nearly 2,770 people. Their wealth skyrocketed by $2.1 trillion — three times faster than the year before — to a total of $15 trillion. In the United States alone, where 816 billionaires reside, the net worth of this group soared by $1.4 trillion.
ref: 2025 January 19, Tami Luhby, “Get ready for the world’s first trillionaires”, in CNN:
synonyms: word: milliardaire
glosses: Somebody whose wealth is at least one billion (10⁹) currency units.
Derived terms: antibillionaire
billionairedom
billionairess
bullionaire
centibillionaire
decabillionaire
demibillionaire
multibillionaire
nonbillionaire
superbillionaire
Related terms: millionaire
trillionaire
millionaire
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˌmɪl.jəˈnɛɹ/
ipa: /ˈmɪl.jəˌnɛɹ/
Forms: form: millionaires
form: millionnaire
Etymology: From French millionnaire. By surface analysis, million + -aire.
Senses: examples: text: Those people who eventually become millionaires typically don't get there through sheer luck or by making one life-changing investment. […] While starting early can increase your likelihood of attaining millionaire status, the investments you choose play an equally important role.
ref: 2017 May 16, Maurie Backman, “Here's how to become a millionaire on $56,000 a year”, in CNN Money:
synonyms: word: millionist
glosses: Somebody whose wealth is at least one million (10⁶) currency units.
Derived terms: centimillionaire
decamillionaire
megamillionaire
millionairedom
millionairehood
millionaire's fries
millionaireship
millionaire shortbread
Millionaires' Row
millionairess
millionaire's salad
millionairish
millionairism
millionerd
multimillionaire
mushroom millionaire
nonmillionaire
oilionaire
optionaire
pentamillionaire
shaleionaire
spillionaire
supermillionaire
temporarily embarrassed millionaire
two week millionaire
uraniumaire
Related terms: word: billionaire
word: trillionaire
word: quadrillionaire
word: centillionaire
word: zillionaire
word: bazillionaire
word: gazillionaire
word: squillionaire
word: million
cicatrice
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cicatrices
Etymology: From Latin cicatrix.
Senses: examples: text: Fanny's scissors moved steadily round the armhole and slit down the sleeve, revealing a surprisingly soft white arm and shoulder. Across the shoulder was an ancient cicatrice.
ref: 1929, M. Barnard Eldershaw, A House Is Built, Chapter VII, Section viii:
glosses: Alternative form of cicatrix.
Old Church Slavonic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: The first literary and liturgical Slavic language.
Synonyms: word: Old Church Slavic
word: Old Bulgarian
word: Old Macedonian
word: Old Slavic
alt: may also refer to Old East Slavonic or Proto-Slavic
word: Old Slavonic
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Old Church Slavonic terms
hundreds and thousands
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhʌndɹəds n̩ ˈθaʊz(ə)ndz/
ipa: /ˌhʌndɹəds n̩ ˈθaʊz(ə)n(d)z/
Forms: form: 100s and 1000s
form: 100s & 1000s
Etymology: PIE word
 *ḱm̥tóm
From hundreds + and + thousands. Sense 2 (“tiny balls or strands of multicoloured sugar”) is from the fact that the confectionery is made up of numerous sugar pieces.
Senses: examples: text: 1864 September 12, W. T. Sherman, letter to James M. Calhoun, E. E. Rawson and S. C. Wells, representing City Council of Atlanta, published in 1865, Joel Tyler Headley, Grant and Sherman: Their Campaigns and Generals, 2008, page 592,
I myself have seen in Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, hundreds and thousands of women and children fleeing from your armies and desperadoes, hungry, and with bleeding feet.
text: Have there not been hundreds and thousands of people injured in the depression in value of railroad securities?
ref: 1901, United States Congress, Congressional Edition, volume 4338, page 167:
text: 1949, A.S. Altekar, State and Government in Ancient India, reprinted 2001, page 148,
It is clear that the sentence rather refers to numerous favours conferred upon the city and country population, the monetary value of which amounted to hundreds and thousands of rupees or contemporary coins.
glosses: An indefinite but emphatically large number.
examples: text: So there you have them - Onoda, Gund, Eclipse - all squidged together on the same spoon, their flavours intermingling under a bleeding crust of hundreds-and-thousands.
ref: 2003, Neil Wills, “Surfers′ Paradise”, in Third Way, page 12:
text: Hundreds and thousands, commonly yet boringly called “sprinkles” in North America, are enough to make any child smile. Sprinkled over a cookie and sandwiched around creamy ice cream makes for sheer bliss!
ref: 2007, Pippa Cuthbert, Lindsay Cameron Wilson, Cookies!, New Holland Publishers (UK), archived from the original on 17 Sep 2016, page 96:
synonyms: word: nonpareil
word: nonpareils
word: sprinkles
word: hundreds and thousands
word: jimmies
word: nonpareils
word: spreckles
word: sprinkles
word: sugar strands
glosses: Tiny balls or strands of multicoloured sugar, sprinkled over ice cream, desserts or party foods.
Related terms: dollarette
fairy bread
freckle
mitigate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/
Forms: form: more mitigate
form: most mitigate
Etymology: From Middle English mitigat(e) (“mitigated”, also used as the past participle of mitigaten and of mitigate in Early Modern English), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.
Senses: glosses: Mitigated, alleviated.
chickpea
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɪkˌpiː/
Forms: form: chickpeas
form: chick pea
Etymology: Calque of French pois chiche, from pois (“pea”) + chiche, from Latin cicer (“chickpea”).
Senses: synonyms: Bengal gram
garbanzo
glosses: An annual plant (Cicer arietinum) in the pea family, widely cultivated for the edible seeds in its short inflated pods.
examples: text: Chickpea is valued for its nutritive seeds with high protein content.
synonyms: Bengal gram
garbanzo bean
glosses: A seed of this plant, often used as a food.
Derived terms: chickpea of the sea
Related terms: Cicer arietinum
linseed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɪnsiːd/
Forms: form: linseeds
Etymology: From Middle English linseed, lynseed, lynsede, from Old English līnsǣd (“seed of flax”), from līn (“flax”) (from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax”)) + sǣd (“seed”). By surface analysis, lin + seed.
Senses: examples: text: The ancients regarded linseed as a source of medical benefits.
synonyms: flaxseed
glosses: The seed of the flax plant, which yields linseed oil.
Meronyms: linoleic acid
Derived terms: linseed oil
Related terms: linen
milu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: milus
form: milu
Senses: glosses: Père David's deer, a species of deer native to the river valleys of China.
fresco
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹɛskoʊ/
ipa: /ˈfɹɛskəʊ/
rhymes: (General American) -ɛskoʊ
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɛskəʊ
Forms: form: frescos
form: frescoes
form: freschi
Etymology: From Italian fresco, from Vulgar Latin *friscum, from Proto-Germanic *friskaz. Doublet of fresh and frisk.
Senses: examples: text: […] I [Satan] cannot ſtay
 Flaring in ſun-ſhine all the day:
 For, entre nous, we helliſh ſprites,
 Love more the freſco of the nights; […]
ref: a. 1722 (date written), Matthew Prior, “Hans Carvel”, in The Poetical Works of Matthew Prior […], volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan, […], published 1779, →OCLC, page 124:
glosses: A cool, refreshing state of the air; coolness, duskiness, shade.
qualifier: painting
glosses: An artwork made by applying water-based pigment to wet or fresh lime mortar or plaster.
qualifier: painting
glosses: The technique used to make such an artwork.
Derived terms: frescoer
frescoist
frescolike
fresco
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹɛskoʊ/
ipa: /ˈfɹɛskəʊ/
rhymes: (General American) -ɛskoʊ
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɛskəʊ
Forms: form: frescoes
form: frescoing
form: frescoed
form: frescoed
Etymology: From Italian fresco, from Vulgar Latin *friscum, from Proto-Germanic *friskaz. Doublet of fresh and frisk.
Senses: glosses: To paint using fresco.
Related terms: al fresco
giornata
formation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːˈmeɪʃən/
ipa: /fɔɹˈmeɪʃən/
ipa: /foːˈmæɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: formations
Etymology: From Middle English formacioun, formation, borrowed from Old French formacion, from Latin fōrmātiō, from fōrmō (“form”, verb); see form as verb. Morphologically form + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Some cloud formation was confirmed and rainfall was observed over some islands.
ref: 2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)
glosses: The act of assembling a group or structure.
glosses: Something possessing structure or form.
glosses: The process during which something comes into being and gains its characteristics.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A grouping of military units or smaller formations under a command, such as a brigade, division, wing, etc.
examples: text: Over a broad region, the color of a formation may change.
ref: 2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A layer of rock of common origin.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: An arrangement of moving troops, ships, or aircraft, such as a wedge, line abreast, or echelon. Often "in formation".
examples: text: N'Golo Kanté embodies both sides of this, a player whose early scratchiness was soothed with glorious results in the new 3-4-3 formation, allowed simply to be his best, most wonderfully mobile, diligent, destructive self.
ref: 2017 May 13, Barney Ronay, “Antonio Conte’s brilliance has turned Chelsea’s pop-up team into champions”, in the Guardian:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: An arrangement of players designed to facilitate certain plays.
glosses: The process of influencing or guiding a person to a deeper understanding of a particular vocation.
topics: category-theory
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A structure made of two categories, two functors from the first to the second category, and a transformation from one of the functors to the other.
Hyponyms: mass formation
geologic formation
Derived terms: A formation
back-formation
back formation
Christmas tree formation
electroformation
formational
formation exposure time
formation lap
formation rule
formation water
free cell formation
geoformation
gust formation time
I formation
loan formation
malformation
microformation
misformation
missing man formation
neoformation
nonformation
osteoformation
pattern formation
postformation
preformation
progressive longways formation
re-formation
reticular formation
rock formation
subformation
T formation
trips formation
unformation
word formation
Related terms: form
obsequious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əbˈsiːkwi.əs/
Forms: form: more obsequious
form: most obsequious
Etymology: From Middle English obsequyous, from Latin obsequiōsus (“complaisant, obsequious”), from obsequium (“compliance”), from obsequor (“comply with, yield to”), from ob (“in the direction of, towards”) + sequor (“follow”) (cf. sequel).
Senses: examples: text: Personally I felt shy and uncomfortable at this obsequious adoration, and I read the same feeling in the faces of Lord John and Summerlee, but Challenger expanded like a flower in the sun.
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, “‘Those Were the Real Conquests’”, in The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, page 259:
text: Translation falls especially short of this conceit which carries the whole flamboyance of the Spanish language. It was intended as an obsequious flattery of the Condesa, and was untrue.
ref: 1927, Thornton Wilder, The Bridge of San Luis Rey, page 20:
text: [S]he complained pettishly of the heat and the flies and at length of the walk, and reduced Robert to the antics of an obsequious dog.
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 118:
synonyms: word: fawning
word: ingratiating
word: servile
word: slavish
word: sycophantic
word: truckling
word: smarmy
word: asskissing
word: asslicky
word: fawning
word: groveling
word: ingratiating
word: obsequious
word: oily
word: oleaginous
word: schmoozy
word: self-abasing
word: soapy
word: slimy
word: sycophantic
word: toadyish
word: toadying
word: truckling
word: unctuous
glosses: Excessively eager and attentive to please or to obey instructions; fawning, subservient, servile.
examples: text: Our ladies were situated as well as it was possible; they had good servants, splendid rooms, obsequious attendants, and had become habituated to the country, so that the loss of the Count was not any thing of moment beyond the pleasure of his society;[…]
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXXIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 140:
synonyms: word: bowsome
word: buxom
word: compliant
word: hearsome
word: hersum
word: morigerous
word: obedible
word: obedient
word: obsequent
word: obsequious
word: tall
word: toward
glosses: Obedient; compliant with someone else's orders or wishes.
examples: text: […] the ſuruiuer bound / In filliall obligation for ſome tearme
 To doe obſequious ſorrowe […]
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
glosses: Of or pertaining to obsequies, funereal.
Derived terms: obsequiate
obsequience
obsequiosity
obsequiously
obsequiousness
obsequity
overobsequious
unobsequious
Eastern Farsi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Dari, the dialect of the Persian language as spoken by approximately one-third of the population of Afghanistan; also referred to as Eastern Persian, Afghan Persian, or simply Persian.
baz
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Suppose we have three objects, foo, bar and baz.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A metasyntactic variable used to stand for some unspecified entity; typically the third in a series after foo and bar.
sobriquet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsəʊ.bɹɪ.keɪ/
enpr: ʹsōbrĭkā
enpr: ʹsōbrĭkĕt
ipa: /ˈsoʊ.bɹɪ.keɪ/
ipa: /ˈsoʊ.bɹɪ.kɛt/
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: sobriquets
form: soubriquet
Etymology: Borrowed from French sobriquet (“nickname”), from Middle French soubriquet (“a chuck under the chin”).
Senses: examples: text: “The Bard” is a sobriquet of English playwright William Shakespeare.
text: Tight quickly became a Jumeirah Jane—a sobriquet used as a caricature for non-working foreign women who live in Jumeirah, a posh part of the city, and spent their time driving kids to and from schools, shopping or meeting one another for lunch.
ref: 2011, Pranay Gupte, Dubai: The Making of a Megapolis, Penguin Books India, →ISBN, page 344:
text: The sobriquet of Johnny Appleseed attached to him, though his real name was Chapman, in consequence of his being ever engaged in gathering and planting appleseed and cultivating nurseries of apple trees.
ref: 1862, A. Banning Norton, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
text: They turned out to be speedy machines and earned the sobriquet "Greyhounds", giving excellent performances on the Exeter run.
ref: 1951 November, David R. Webb, “The Drummond 4-4-0 Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 774:
synonyms: cognomen
moniker
nickname
glosses: A familiar name for a person or thing; a nickname (sometimes assumed by the person, but often given by others) that is descriptive.
Synonyms: byname
to-name
Derived terms: sobriquetical
cadaverous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more cadaverous
form: most cadaverous
Etymology: From Latin cadāverōsus; compare Middle English cadaverous (“gangrenous, mortified”).
Senses: examples: text: The speakers were three men, rather beyond middle life. One was pale and cadaverous, as if every feature gave testimony to the length of his vigils and the rigour of his fasts, while straight black hair hanging down on each side his face added to his wild and neglected appearance.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 196:
text: It may have been the sight of that cadaverous ambition and self-complacent meanness, which showed itself in Paley’s yellow face, and twinkled in his narrow eyes, or it may have been a natural appetite for pleasure and joviality, of which it must be confessed Mr. Pen was exceedingly fond, which deterred that luckless youth from pursuing his designs upon the Bench or the Woolsack with the ardour, or rather steadiness, which is requisite in gentlemen who would climb to those seats of honour.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
text: Some approached pure blanching; some had a bluish pallor; some worn by the older characters (which had possibly lain by folded for many a year) inclined to a cadaverous tint, and to a Georgian style.
ref: 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 17:
text: 1917 rev. 1925 Ezra Pound, "Canto I"
Dark blood flowed in the fosse,
Souls out of Erebus, cadaverous dead ...
text: By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity. Mrs. Spoker, in common with many of the stricter disciples of righteousness, was as inclement in demeanour as she was cadaverous in aspect.
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 4, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
glosses: Corpselike; hinting of death; imitating a cadaver.
Synonyms: word: cadaverous
word: corpse-like
word: unburied
Hypernyms: word: physique
word: sickly
word: thin
word: weak
Hyponyms: word: anemic
word: bony
word: deathlike
word: drawn
word: etiolated
word: feeble
word: gaunt
word: ghostly
word: haggard
word: hollow-cheeked
word: hollow-eyed
word: lymphatic
word: pallid
word: pinched
word: raw-boned
word: scrawny
word: skeletal
word: sluggish
word: spindle-shanked
word: waxen
word: waxy
Derived terms: cadaverousness
Related terms: word: cadaverously
word: like death warmed over
word: corpse
word: thin person
emanate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛm.əˌneɪt/
Forms: form: emanates
form: emanating
form: emanated
form: emanated
Etymology: From Latin ēmānāre (“to flow out, spring out of, arise, proceed from”), from e (“out”) + mānāre (“to flow”).
Senses: examples: text: Fragrance emanates from flowers.
text: […] this Association has taken into its serious consideration a proposal, emanating from the aforesaid, Samuel Pickwick, Esq., G.C.M.P.C., and three other Pickwickians hereinafter named, […]
ref: 1837, Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers:
text: that subsisting form of government from which all special laws emanate
ref: 1830, Thomas De Quincey, “Kant in his Miscellaneous Essays”, in Blackwood's Magazine:
text: Now and again, he caught a whiff of a peculiar smell that seemed to emanate directly from her person. It was not in the least unpleasant, and it reminded him—well, he wasn’t quite sure what it reminded him of.
ref: 1959 November 20, Roald Dahl, "The Landlady", archived from the original on 19 Mar 2023:
text: The smell of fresh asphalt hangs heavy in the air at Dore & Totley station. It's even powerful enough to overcome the usual delightful aromas emanating from the well-known curry house which occupies the original platform building.
ref: 2024 May 1, Tom Ingall, “Hope springs eternal for better services”, in RAIL, number 1008, page 52:
glosses: To come from a source; issue from.
examples: text: […] his baggy, wrinkled suit emanating a diapery stench […]
ref: 2015, Charles Holdefer, Nice:
glosses: To send or give out; emit.
Derived terms: emanatism
emanatist
emanative
emanator
emanatory
nonemanating
Related terms: emanation
taciturn
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtæsɪtɜːn/
ipa: /ˈtæsɪtɝn/
Forms: form: more taciturn
form: most taciturn
Etymology: Back-formation from taciturnity, from Middle English taciturnite, from Latin taciturnitās; or alternatively from French taciturne, likely reinforced by Latin taciturnus, from tacitus (“secret, tacit”).
Senses: examples: text: The two sisters could hardly have been more different, one so boisterous and expressive, the other so taciturn and calm.
text: We are each of an unsocial, taciturn disposition, unwilling to speak, unless we expect to say something that will amaze the whole room, and be handed down to posterity with all the eclat of a proverb.
ref: 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 18:
text: We spent a lot of time up on the staging of the great furnaces, trying to pick up the tricks of the trade from the taciturn furnacemen who sat around placidly smoking, or chewing twist, and occasionally throwing in more pig iron to the molten white-hot metal.
ref: 1945 January and February, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 14:
synonyms: reticent
untalkative
antonyms: garrulous
loquacious
glosses: Silent; temperamentally untalkative; disinclined to speak.
Synonyms: word: taciturn
word: reticent
word: unloquacious
word: untalkative
word: quiet
word: reserved
word: silent
word: silentious
Derived terms: taciturnity
taciturnly
Related terms: word: tacit
word: tacitly
word: tacitness
word: incommunicado
word: tight-lipped
word: discreet
word: secretive
word: concise
word: stern
sententious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɛnˈtɛn.ʃəs/
Forms: form: more sententious
form: most sententious
Etymology: From Latin sententiōsus, from sententia (“opinion, purpose”).
Senses: glosses: Using as few words as possible; pithy and concise.
examples: text: His sententious remarks quickly bored the audience.
glosses: Tending to use aphorisms or maxims; especially, to such an extent as to engage in trite moralizing, even self-righteously so.
glosses: Full of meaning.
Synonyms: sense: using as few words as possible
word: concise
sense: using as few words as possible
word: pithy
sense: tending to use aphorisms
word: aphoristic
Derived terms: sententiosity
sententiously
sententiousness
Related terms: sentential
iconoclastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -æstɪk
Forms: form: more iconoclastic
form: most iconoclastic
Etymology: From iconoclast + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: Many of Thomas Hardy's works were considered iconoclastic in his day.
text: I pose the iconoclastic suggestion that even at this late stage in B.R. dieselisation, rigid standardisation might be a shibboleth.
ref: 1964 May, R. & M., “What chance for an outstanding prototype?”, in Modern Railways, page 319:
text: Harnessing its cultural cachet is not without problems, because some of these artists—true to their iconoclastic nature—resist being boxed in, dictated to or otherwise controlled.
ref: 2015 May 10, David Gonzalez, “Street Artists and a Bottled Water Company Clash Over a Hashtag”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: “Hans Linde was an iconoclastic, original thinker, whose innovative ideas that state constitutions might afford greater protections than the federal Constitution, and that courts need to have an understanding of the legislative and administrative processes, are now conventional wisdom,” Judge Robert A. Katzmann of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in New York, said in an email.
ref: 2020 September 2, Adam Liptak, quoting Robert A. Katzmann, “Hans A. Linde, Iconoclastic Legal Scholar, Dies at 96”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Characterized by attack on established and accepted beliefs, customs, or institutions; of or pertaining to iconoclasm.
Derived terms: iconoclastically
iconoclasticism
noniconoclastic
Related terms: iconoclasm
iconoclast
aniconic
concomitant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/
ipa: /kənˈkɑːmətənt/
Etymology: First attested 1607; from Middle French concomitant, from Latin concomitāns, the present participle of concomitor (“I accompany”), from con- (“together”) + comitor (“I accompany”), from comes (“companion”).
Senses: examples: text: It has therefore pleased our wise Creator to annex to several objects, and to the ideas which we receive from them, as also to several of our thoughts, a concomitant pleasure, […]
ref: 1689, John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding:
text: It is a difficulty to know what view one should adopt; she may drag on for two whole years; in that time her good fortune, with all its concomitant advantages, would be insured to her connexions, after which her death would be the most interesting thing possible, and make an astounding impression.
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:
text: The visitors saw the measures taken immediately before, during, and after an "air raid", which included a gas and high-explosive bomb attack. The concomitant noise "effects" sounded grimly realistic.
ref: 1939 June, “What the Railways are Doing: London Transport Air Raid Precautions”, in Railway Magazine, page 462:
text: The new technology on which super-industrialism is based, much of it blue-printed in American research laboratories, brings with it an inevitable acceleration of change in society and a concomitant speed-up of the pace of individual life as well.
ref: 1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 41:
text: With technological improvement, therefore, it will become possible, in a succession of steady states, to have a larger and larger amount of capital equipment available to each representative worker in the economy, with a concomitant rise in productivity.
ref: 2005, Alpha Chiang, Kevin Wainwright, Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill International, page 501:
synonyms: accompanying
adjoining
attendant
incidental
glosses: Accompanying; conjoining; attending; concurrent.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to the grammatical aspect which expresses that a secondary action is occurring simultaneously to the primary action of the statement.
concomitant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/
ipa: /kənˈkɑːmətənt/
Forms: form: concomitants
Etymology: First attested 1607; from Middle French concomitant, from Latin concomitāns, the present participle of concomitor (“I accompany”), from con- (“together”) + comitor (“I accompany”), from comes (“companion”).
Senses: examples: text: The reflection, that but the next day was to transport her far from London, had, in chasing distrust, with its natural concomitants, restraint and reserve, given a sweet and placid composure to her demeanour.
ref: 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter X, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 121:
text: It is also instructive to consider the relation of these dreams to anxiety dreams. In the dreams we have been discussing, a repressed wish has found a means of evading censorship—and the distortion which censorship involves. The invariable concomitant is that painful feelings are experienced in the dream.
ref: 1900, Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, The Interpretation of Dreams, Avon Books, page 301:
text: A major concomitant of the advent of diesel traction has been a vast increase in the amount of electrical equipment needing overhaul.
ref: 1963 May, “Metamorphosis at Swindon Works”, in Modern Railways, page 337:
text: The declining commitment to place is thus related not to mobility per se, but to a concomitant of mobility- the shorter duration of place relationships.
ref: 1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock, Bantam Books, page 93:
synonyms: accompaniment
co-occurrence
glosses: Something happening or existing at the same time.
topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
glosses: An invariant homogeneous polynomial in the coefficients of a form, a covariant variable, and a contravariant variable.
Synonyms: divariant
Related terms: concomitance
concomitantly
concomitate
malignant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈlɪɡnənt/
Forms: form: more malignant
form: most malignant
Etymology: From Middle French malignant, from Late Latin malignans. See malign.
Senses: examples: text: malignant temper; malignant revenge; malignant infection
text: […]while, I fear, there will be some white ones, unable to forget that, with malignant heart, and deceitful speech, they have strove to hinder it.
ref: 1863 August 26, Abraham Lincoln, Letter to James Conkling, page 7:
glosses: Harmful, malevolent, injurious.
examples: text: malignant diphtheria
text: a malignant tumor
text: “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes[…]. And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
topics: medicine
sciences
antonyms: benign
non-malignant
glosses: Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue.
Derived terms: bovine malignant catarrhal fever
hematomalignant
malignancy
malignant catarrhal fever
malignant edema
malignantly
malignin
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
non-malignant
nonmalignant
paramalignant
premalignant
promalignant
pseudomalignant
semimalignant
unmalignant
Related terms: malign
malignant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈlɪɡnənt/
Forms: form: malignants
Etymology: From Middle French malignant, from Late Latin malignans. See malign.
Senses: examples: text: As devout Stephen was carried to his burial by devout men, so is it just and equal that malignants should carry malignants […]
ref: 1823, The Retrospective Review, volume 7, page 11:
text: A malignant in a position of real power immediately becomes a tyrant.
ref: 1999, National Institute of Business Management, Difficult People at Work, →ISBN, page 8:
glosses: A deviant; a person who is hostile or destructive to society.
glosses: A person who fought for Charles I in the English Civil War.
immutable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Middle English immutable, from Latin immūtābilis (“unchangeable”); im- + mutable.
Senses: examples: text: The government has enacted an immutable law.
text: Mutable as is our nature, it delights in the immutable: and we expect as much constancy as if all time, to say nothing of our own changeableness, had not shewn that ever "the fashion of this world passeth away."
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 171:
text: In the trustless cryptocurrency world, you can still trust the cryptocurrency community and its mechanisms to ensure that the blockchain contains an accurate and immutable—unchangeable—record of cryptocurrency transactions.
ref: 2019, Peter Kent, Tyler Bain, Cryptocurrency Mining For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 30:
synonyms: unchangeable
glosses: Unable to be changed without exception.
examples: text: Constants are immutable.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: Not able to be altered in the memory after its value is set initially.
raw_tags: of a variable
Synonyms: word: bateless
word: fixed
word: immutable
word: inalterable
word: invariable
word: permanent
word: perma-
word: perpetual
word: unabateable
word: unalterable
word: unchangeable
word: undeviating
Hypernyms: word: constant
word: durable
word: stable
Derived terms: immutableness
immutably
strongly immutable
weakly immutable
Related terms: word: perennial
word: changeless
word: indomitable
immutable
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immutables
Etymology: From Middle English immutable, from Latin immūtābilis (“unchangeable”); im- + mutable.
Senses: glosses: Something that cannot be changed.
garrulous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡæɹ.ʊ.ləs/
ipa: /ˈɡæɹ.jʊ.ləs/
ipa: /ˈɡɛɹ.ə.ləs/
ipa: /ˈɡɛɹ.jə.ləs/
ipa: /ˈɡæɹ.ə.ləs/
ipa: /ˈɡæɹ.jə.ləs/
Forms: form: more garrulous
form: most garrulous
Etymology: Adapted borrowing of Latin garrulus (“talkative”) + -ous, from the verb garriō (“I chatter”).
Senses: examples: text: She lingered for a few moments, and was garrulous over some detail of the household.
ref: 1891, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray:
text: Crammed with gossip, anecdotes, and confessions . . ., his garrulous, untidy narratives read like a good novel.
ref: 1984 Dec, James Atlas, “A Modern Whitman”, in The Atlantic:
synonyms: word: chatty
word: talkative
word: long-winded
word: loquacious
word: tonguey
word: voluble
word: chattering
word: chattery
word: chatty
word: effusive
word: gabby
word: garrulous
word: gobby
word: logorrheic
word: long-winded
word: loquacious
word: motormouth
word: nattersome
word: nattery
word: outspoken
word: prolix
word: talkative
word: talksome
word: talky
word: verbose
word: voluble
word: wordy
word: yakky
word: yappy
glosses: Excessively or tiresomely talkative.
synonyms: word: bombastic
word: rambling
word: wordy
word: circumlocutory
word: diffuse
word: periphrastic
word: palaverous
word: pleonastic
word: prolix
word: rigmarole
word: sesquipedalian
word: verbose
word: wordy
glosses: Excessively wordy and rambling.
raw_tags: of something written or performed
Derived terms: garrulously
garrulousness
ungarrulous
Related terms: garrulity
inculcate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪn.kʌl.keɪt/
ipa: /ɪnˈkʌl.keɪt/
Forms: form: inculcates
form: inculcating
form: inculcated
form: inculcated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin inculcātus, perfect passive participle of inculcō (“impress upon, force upon”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + calcō (“tread upon, trample”), from calx (“heel”). Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: Those impious Pigs,
Who, by frequent squeaks, have dared impugn
The settled Swellfoot system, or to make
Irreverent mockery of the genuflexions
Inculcated by the arch-priest, have been whipt
Into a loyal and an orthodox whine.
ref: 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:
text: she had a perfect Parisian accent, was musical—all French women sing—had a great deal of tournure, the value of which she was always inculcating on her pupils: "La Grace plus belle que la beauté," was invariably the quotation when putting on her shawl; and, it must be confessed, that never did five English girls put on shawls to such perfection.
ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, pages 55–56:
text: But wordless conditioning […] cannot inculcate the more complex courses of behaviour.
ref: 1932, Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, London: Chatto & Windus:
synonyms: instill
ingrain
glosses: To teach by repeated instruction.
examples: text: all preachers , especially such as be of good temper , and have wisdom with conscience , ought to inculcate and beat upon a peace , silence , and surseance
ref: 1641, Francis Bacon, A Wise and Moderate Discourse, Concerning Church-Affaires:
text: The right defense against false sentiments is to inculcate just sentiments.
ref: 1943, C. S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man:
text: The institutional forces — school, psychiatry, police — that inculcate conformity and enforce heterosexuality in gay youth.
ref: 1985 August 17, S. H. Chua, “IGA Smashes Borders”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 6, page 9:
glosses: To induce understanding or a particular sentiment in a person or persons.
Derived terms: inculcative
reinculcate
uninculcated
inculcate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪn.kʌl.keɪt/
ipa: /ɪnˈkʌl.keɪt/
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin inculcātus, perfect passive participle of inculcō (“impress upon, force upon”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + calcō (“tread upon, trample”), from calx (“heel”). Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: Wee had neede to haue the word of God often inculcate and beaten vpon vs.
ref: 1608, Andrew Willet, Hexapla in Exodum:
glosses: Inculcated.
raw_tags: as a participle
dubious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒuː.bi.əs/
ipa: /ˈdjuː.bi.əs/
ipa: /-bjəs/
ipa: /ˈdu.bi.əs/
rhymes: -uːbiəs
Forms: form: more dubious
form: most dubious
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin dubiusbor.
English dubious
From Latin dubius; like doubt, from Latin duo (cognate to English two), implying “two alternatives” (yes or no, true or false, etc.).
Senses: examples: text: After he made some dubious claims about the company, fewer people trusted him.
text: They were renowned as people of dubious morals.
text: There are several reasons why the line's future is now dubious. With the exception of Horsmonden, the stations are most inconveniently sited. This is largely because the Wealden villages were built on ridges, and in fact most Wealden stations are badly placed.
ref: 1960 March, H. P. White, “The Hawkhurst branch of the Southern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 173:
text: Evasive, womanising, boastful, malicious, untrustworthy, an inveterate gambler who combined his mediocre military career with running a high-class brothel, permanently cash strapped and viciously quarrelsome, his character is as dubious as his unsavoury appearance.
ref: 2011 February, Nigel Jones, “A Tale of Two Scandals”, in History Today, volume 61, number 2, pages 10–17:
text: Urban Dictionary records at least 66 of the terms found by the present research, but as this dictionary liberally accepts words, definitions, and sample sentences based solely on the say-so of contributors, in the absence of corroboration from other sources the authenticity of some entries must remain dubious.
ref: 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 2:
qualifier: matter; or thing; matter; or thing
glosses: Arousing doubt; questionable; open to suspicion.
raw_tags: of a statement
examples: text: She was dubious about my plan at first, but later I managed to persuade her to cooperate.
text: Last year, President Obama had large majorities in Congress and hopes of passing a comprehensive climate and energy bill. Next year, he faces a new Congress much more dubious about the reality of climate change and considerably more hostile to international efforts to deal with it.
ref: 2010, John M. Broder, "Global Climate-Change Talks Begin in Cancun With More Modest Expectations", New York Times, November 30, Section A, Column 0, Foreign Desk, page 12
glosses: In disbelief; wavering, uncertain, or hesitating in opinion; inclined to doubt; undecided.
raw_tags: of a person
topics: board-games
chess
games
synonyms: word: mul:?!
glosses: Generally considered imprecise or wrong, but not totally unplayable.
raw_tags: of an opening move
Derived terms: dubious honor
dubious honour
dubiously
dubiousness
dubious tiger moth
indubious
superdubious
undubious
Related terms: doubtful
doubt
ameliorate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈmiːli.əɹeɪt/
Forms: form: ameliorates
form: ameliorating
form: ameliorated
form: ameliorated
Etymology: Alteration of meliorate after French améliorer.
Senses: examples: text: They offered some compromises in an effort to ameliorate the situation.
text: In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
text: We further show that an implementable rule for the central bank's long bond portfolio significantly ameliorates the adverse consequences of a binding ZLB on the policy rate.
ref: 2023, Eric Sims, Jing Cynthia Wu, and Ji Zhang, The Four-Equation New Keynesian Model, The Review of Economics and Statistics 105(4), pp. 931--947
glosses: To make better, or improve, something perceived to be in a negative condition.
glosses: To become better; improve.
Derived terms: amelioratingly
ameliorator
amelioratory
Related terms: amelioration
ameliorative
ameliorable
inameliorable
meliorate
alleviate
mitigate
Aryan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɛəɹi.ən/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɛəjən/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɑːɹi.ən/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɑːjən/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɛɹi.ən/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɛɹjən/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɑɹi.ən/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɑɹjən/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiən
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)jən
rhymes: -ɑːɹiən
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)jən
homophone: Arian
homophone: Arean
Forms: form: Arian
Etymology: From Sanskrit आर्य (ā́rya, “noble; noble one”) + -n. The Sanskrit word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *áryas (the original Indo-Iranian autonym). Borrowed into English in the 19th century, at first as a term for the Indo-Iranian languages, and later partly extended to the Indo-European languages and peoples following a theory by Friedrich Schlegel that connected the Indo-Iranian words arya/ā́rya with German Ehre (“honor”) and some older Germanic names, thus assuming that it was the original Indo-European autonym meaning "the honorable people". The original meaning of the Indo-Iranian autonym and its possible Indo-European origin/cognates are disputed (see the Wikipedia article for further details).
The same Proto-Indo-Iranian root is the ultimate source of the country name Iran.
Senses: glosses: The language of the original Aryans.
glosses: A male given name of Indian usage.
leeway
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: [ˈliːˌweɪ]
rhymes: -iːweɪ
Forms: form: leeways
Etymology: From lee (“side away from the wind”) + way.
Senses: glosses: The drift of a ship or aeroplane in a leeward direction.
examples: text: I don't think we have a lot of leeway when it comes to proper formatting.
text: It was 1.6 [a.m.] when we got the road, and now we had 13 lost minutes to regain. But the "Condor" schedule has so much leeway that, with the diesel power, the loss was easily recouped.
ref: 1960 January, G. Freeman Allen, “"Condor"—British Railways' fastest freight train”, in Trains Illustrated, page 49:
text: 2005, James Gosling et al., The Java Language Specification, Third Edition, Prentice Hall PTR, →ISBN, section 15.4 “FP-strict Expressions”,
Within an expression that is not FP-strict, some leeway is granted for an implementation to use an extended exponent range to represent intermediate results; […]
text: "There's an hourly service to Nunthorpe and by the time you add in the Whitby trains as well there is hardly any leeway on the single line between Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe so it would involve quite significant infrastructure on the existing railway."
ref: 2020 January 2, Graeme Pickering, “Fuelling the changes on Teesside rails”, in Rail, page 61:
synonyms: freedom
flexibility
latitude
margin
wiggle room
elbowroom
glosses: A varying degree or amount of freedom or flexibility.
examples: text: [...] there was plenty of opportunity to modernise in the years up to 1939, but since then the Second World War and its aftermath of expenditure rigidly controlled by Government held up any progress until at last the purse-strings were unloosed five years ago. But an enormous amount of leeway needs to be made up.
ref: 1960 April, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, page 209:
glosses: An adverse discrepancy or variation in a cumulative process, usually in the phrase make up leeway.
Related terms: lee
leeward
leeward
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈliːwəd/
topics: nautical
transport
ipa: /ˈl(j)uːəd/
ipa: /ˈliwɚd/
topics: nautical
transport
ipa: /ˈluːɚd/
rhymes: -iːwə(ɹ)d
Forms: form: more leeward
form: most leeward
form: leewardmost
Etymology: From lee (“side away from the wind”) + -ward (“direction”).
Senses: glosses: On the side sheltered from the wind; in that direction.
Synonyms: downwind
Derived terms: Leeward Islands
leewardly
leewardness
Related terms: leeway
leeward
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈliːwəd/
topics: nautical
transport
ipa: /ˈl(j)uːəd/
ipa: /ˈliwɚd/
topics: nautical
transport
ipa: /ˈluːɚd/
rhymes: -iːwə(ɹ)d
Forms: form: more leeward
form: most leeward
Etymology: From lee (“side away from the wind”) + -ward (“direction”).
Senses: examples: text: Some hours after midnight, the Typhoon abated so much, that through the strenuous exertions of Starbuck and Stubb—one engaged forward and the other aft—the shivered remnants of the jib and fore and main-top-sails were cut adrift from the spars, and went eddying away to leeward, like the feathers of an albatross, which sometimes are cast to the winds when that storm-tossed bird is on the wing.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 23, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: No lady goat is safe from criminal assault, even on the Sabbath Day, when there is a genteman goat within three miles to leeward of her and nothing in the way but a fence fourteen feet high[…]
ref: ca. 1909, Mark Twain, ;;Letters from the Earth Letter VIII:
glosses: Away from the direction from which the wind is blowing; downwind.
AT&T
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: at&t
Etymology: An initialism of its former name, American Telephone and Telegraph Company.
Senses: glosses: AT&T Corporation, an American telecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.
gratitude
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹætɪt(j)ud/
Forms: form: gratitudes
Etymology: From French gratitude, from Medieval Latin grātitūdō (“thankfulness”), from Latin grātus (“thankful”). Displaced native Old English þancung.
Senses: examples: text: She showed deep gratitude for the support she received.
text: He bowed his head in gratitude to the donors.
text: Words cannot express my gratitude for your kindness.
text: She felt overwhelming gratitude towards her parents.
glosses: The state of being grateful.
Synonyms: appreciation
thankfulness
gratefulness
Derived terms: gratitudinal
overgratitude
Related terms: grace
grateful
gratification
gratify