cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
workings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.
ref: 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:
glosses: The internal mechanism of some device or system.
examples: text: The main platforms are unusually far apart, because the two centre tracks were lifted after the East Coast Main Line was diverted in 1983 to avoid now defunct new coal workings.
ref: 2022 September 21, “Lifts at Selby by next summer”, in RAIL, number 966, page 21:
glosses: The parts of a quarry or mine that are being (or has been) worked.
Derived terms: inner workings
workman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɝkmən/
ipa: /ˈwɜːkmən/
Forms: form: workmen
Etymology: From Middle English werkman, from Old English weorcmann (“workman”), from Proto-West Germanic *werkamann, from Proto-Germanic *werkamann- (“workman”), equivalent to work + -man. Compare Dutch werkman (“workman”), German Werkmann (“labourer, workman”), Icelandic verkamaður (“workman”).
Senses: examples: text: He laid the foundation stone on August 1 1847, and then set around 2,000 workmen loose on the undertaking. The station opened exactly one year later on August 1 1848.
ref: 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Chester (1848)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 58:
glosses: A man who labours for wages.
glosses: An artisan or craftsman.
Derived terms: a bad workman always blames his tools
bye-workman
workmanly
Related terms: worker
workwoman
workmanship
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɜːk.mən.ʃɪp/
Forms: form: workmanships
Etymology: From Middle English werkmanschipe, equivalent to workman + -ship.
Senses: examples: text: The standard of workmanship from Eastleigh Locomotive Works has often been acknowledged as being of a high order and this standard will have to be maintained - improved, even - when motive power other than steam is the mainstay of our railway system.
ref: 1961 March, C. P. Boocock, “The organisation of Eastleigh Locomotive Works”, in Trains Illustrated, page 163:
glosses: The skill of an artisan or craftsman.
examples: text: Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.
ref: 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
glosses: The quality of something made by an artisan or craftsman.
Synonyms: craftsmanship
work of art
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: works of art
Senses: examples: 2012, Ivan Berg, Nik Berg, Top Gear: Motor Mania
The Beetle's cheap, frugal and functional nature attracted legions of flower-power fans and the little Vee Dubs became symbols, moving protests and even works of art.
synonyms: artwork
glosses: A product of the fine arts; a painting, sculpture, etc.
examples: text: She was bedazzling, in short she was a work of art. She looked as natural as it's possible to be in an age of cosmetics; her hair was flowing and beautiful and she was a picture of summery goodness.
ref: 2012, Andrew Smith, A Quarter Life Crisis, page 102:
glosses: Anything beautiful, exquisite, or finely crafted.
work on
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: works on
form: working on
form: worked on
form: worked on
Senses: examples: text: John's in the studio working on the plans for the new house.
text: I've been working on this problem for several days, but I still haven't figured it out.
glosses: To apply mental or physical effort to (something) in order to shape, form, improve, investigate, solve it, etc.
examples: text: Leave it to me. I'll try to work on the boss to give us the day off.
glosses: To exercise influence on someone.
examples: Do you work on Sundays?
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see work, on.
workroom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɝk.ɹum/
Forms: form: workrooms
Etymology: From work + room.
Senses: glosses: A room, such as a workshop or studio, where work is done.
Hypernyms: room
Koine
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: enpr: koiˈnā
enpr: ˈkoinā
enpr: ˈkoinē
ipa: /kɔɪˈneɪ/
ipa: /ˈkɔɪneɪ/
ipa: /ˈkɔɪniː/
rhymes: -eɪ
rhymes: -iː
Forms: form: Koiné
form: Koinē
form: Koinê
form: Coene
Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κοινή (Koinḗ), from ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος (hē koinḕ diálektos, “the common dialect”), from κοινός (koinós, “shared, common, public, general, ordinary, usual”).
Senses: synonyms: Koine Greek
Hellenistic Koine
Hellenistic Greek
glosses: The “common” Greek language that developed and flourished between 300 B.C.E. and 300 C.E. (the time of the Roman Empire), and from which Modern Greek descended. It was based on the Attic and Ionian dialects of Ancient Greek.
Coordinate terms: sense: other Greek languages
word: Ancient Greek
sense: other Greek languages
word: Classical Greek
sense: other Greek languages
word: Demotic Greek
sense: other Greek languages
word: Katharevousa
sense: other Greek languages
word: Modern Greek
Archie
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːt͡ʃi/
ipa: /ˈɑɹt͡ʃi/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃi
Etymology: Clipping of Archibald + -ie.
The sense “anti-aircraft artillery” is said to be from airmen dodging hostile fire and shouting “Archibald, certainly not”, the refrain of a then popular music hall song of the same name first performed by George Robey in 1911. This habit probably originated with the pilot and commander Amyas Borton (1886–1969).
Senses: glosses: A diminutive of the male given name Archibald, from the Germanic languages, also used as a formal given name.
glosses: A female given name.
glosses: A ghost town in Peninsula Township, Grand Traverse County, Michigan, United States.
glosses: A city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.
glosses: A former rural municipality in Manitoba, Canada, now part of Ellice-Archie.
Derived terms: Ellice-Archie
Archie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːt͡ʃi/
ipa: /ˈɑɹt͡ʃi/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃi
Forms: form: Archies
form: archie
Etymology: Clipping of Archibald + -ie.
The sense “anti-aircraft artillery” is said to be from airmen dodging hostile fire and shouting “Archibald, certainly not”, the refrain of a then popular music hall song of the same name first performed by George Robey in 1911. This habit probably originated with the pilot and commander Amyas Borton (1886–1969).
Senses: examples: text: But then, dodging airbursts of Archie on the Western Front hadn't exactly been a joyride either.
ref: 2012, Pat Kelleher, The Alleyman, →ISBN:
text: He was seen by an aeroplane, our Archie gunner and a whole division to crash in their lines just opposite our trenches, much jubilation and more congratulations.
ref: 2013, Tyrrel M. Hawker, Hawker VC- The First RFC Ace: The Life of Major Lanoe Hawker VC DSO: 1890-1916., →ISBN:
text: On a cloudy day one can hop in and out of the clouds, greatly to the annoyance of some Archie commander who, just when he has got range and direction and is about to let fly, finds that his bird has disappeared into a cloud. He fills thatcloud with HE but his quarry emerges from another nearby with a gesture of derision which the gunners below may imagine, though cannot see. On a sunny day, Archie is up early, for he knows that aircraft will be silhouetted against a blue sky. Then the experienced pilot hops in and out of the sun, there being no clouds, while the Archie commander rubs his smarting eyes and uses strong words.
ref: 2014, Martin Bowman, Lost Wings of WWI: Downed Airmen on the Western Front 1914-1918, →ISBN:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Anti-aircraft artillery.
examples: text: An inquisitive aeroplane, which had been hovering over the scene, was picked off as by an Archie and made a forced landing, man and machine buried in filth.
ref: 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:
text: Quickly our five machines dodged the Archies as we crossed.
ref: 2016, Lieut.-Col. Harold Evans Hartney, Up And At ‘Em, →ISBN:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A piece of anti-aircraft ordnance.
Archie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːt͡ʃi/
ipa: /ˈɑɹt͡ʃi/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃi
ipa: /ˈɑːki/
ipa: /ˈɑɹki/
ipa: /ˈɑːt͡ʃi/
ipa: /ˈɑɹt͡ʃi/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃi
Forms: form: Archies
Etymology: Clipping of Archimedes + -ie.
Senses: examples: text: FOR ARCHIE USERS. At last, a powerful database with details of every track (over 700 to date) on Classic CD discs from issue 1 to the present day is available for uses of Acorn (Archimedes) computers.
ref: 1995, Classic CD, numbers 57-62:
text: And what about getting the data from the Archie to the PC?
ref: 2005, Jonathan, “BBC Micro B and Acorn Archimedes A400 (?) to PC file transfer”, in comp.sys.acorn.networking (Usenet):
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: An Acorn Archimedes computer.
journalism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɜːn(ə)lɪzəm/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɝnl̩ˌɪzəm/
Forms: form: journalisms
Etymology: From French journalisme (beginning of 19th century). By surface analysis, journal + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: Meronym: reporting (little to no analysis or interpretation)
text: Myth #1—Journalism Is Dying. Journalism is not dying; it’s evolving. We’re witnessing the shift from the legacy media dominance to the endless possibilities offered by the digital age. A journalist is responsible for gathering and organizing material and distributing the finished (and verified) pieces through various formats and mediums, which used to be limited to television, radio, and print. Traditional media gatekeepers have been strict on who qualifies to do the reporting and what can be published. Now, the playing field is wide open, and the rules are rapidly changing. What remains consistent is the purpose of journalism, which the American Press Institute claims is “to provide citizens with the information they need to make the best possible decisions about their lives, their communities, their societies, and their governments.”
ref: 2022 October 31, Alison Hill, “5 Myths of Journalism: Journalist Alison Hill shares five myths of journalism and breaks down how they started and why they're inaccurate”, in Writer's Digest:
glosses: The aggregating, writing, editing, and presenting of news or news articles for widespread distribution, typically in electronic publications, broadcast news media, or printed newspapers or periodicals, for the purpose of informing the audience, relying on a style of writing characteristic for this purpose, consisting of direct presentation of facts or events and (depending on type) either with or without analysis or interpretation.
Derived terms: access journalism
ambush journalism
brown envelope journalism
checkbook journalism
chequebook journalism
churnalism
citizen journalism
cyberjournalism
data journalism
e-journalism
gonzo journalism
gotcha journalism
immersion journalism
investigative journalism
jazz journalism
literary journalism
McJournalism
New Journalism
pack journalism
parajournalism
people journalism
photojournalism
pink-slime journalism
pseudojournalism
service journalism
snippet journalism
telejournalism
video journalism
yellow journalism
Archibald
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃɪ.bɔːld/
/ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃɪ.bəld/
Forms: form: Archibalds
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman Arcebald, Arcenbald or Ercenbald, from Old French Archaunbault, from Proto-West Germanic *Erknabalþ, from *erkn (“pure, holy, genuine, precious”) + *balþ (“strong, bold”).
Senses: examples: text: On holly rode day the gallant Hotſpur there, / Yong Harry Percy, and braue Archibold, / That euer valiant and approued Scot, / At Holmedon met, […]
ref: c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], signature A.2, verso:
glosses: A male given name from the Germanic languages.
glosses: A surname originating as a patronymic.
Derived terms: Arch
Archie
sugar cane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sugar canes
form: sugar-cane
form: sugarcane
Senses: examples: text: Daniel was watching Sarah, Bose and Femi munch contentedly on the firm sweetness of sugar cane, plucking back the green with their fingers to reveal the creamy yellow-white that left gluey juices on their hands and clothes.
ref: 2005, Helen Oyeyemi, The Icarus Girl, Bloomsbury, page 306:
glosses: A tropical grass of the genus Saccharum (especially the species Saccharum officinarum, including hybrids) having stout, fibrous, jointed stalks, the sap of which is a source of sugar.
glosses: A candy cane, an edible candy in the shape of a cane.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Sorghum bicolor
word: African sugar cane
taxonomic: Saccharum sinense
word: Chinese sugar cane
word: sugar cane baton
word: sugar cane stick
alt: Eldana saccharina
word: sugar cane borer
word: sugar cane stalk
word: Sugar Cane Train
word: sugarcane grassy shoot disease
word: sugarcane soldier fly
Related terms: cane carter
cane cutter
cane knife
cane sugar
sugar beet
sugarbush
sugar bush
sugar maple
sugarcane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sugarcanes
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of sugar cane.
Derived terms: sugarcane mosaic virus
share-in-savings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: synonyms: word: SIS
glosses: A government form of performance-based contracting that moves risk to industry.
doggy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɔ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɑɡ.i/
rhymes: -ɒɡi
Forms: form: doggies
form: doggie
Etymology: From dog + -y (diminutive suffix).
Senses: examples: text: That's such a cute little doggy, Keira!
text: "Come on now, there's a good doggie!"
ref: 1946, George Johnston, Skyscrapers in the Mist, page 33:
synonyms: pup
puppy
puppy dog
pooch
poochie
glosses: A dog, especially a small one.
examples: text: The Torpedo Officer and I were on the lower bridge and we each had a doggy, a young midshipman […]
ref: 2008, Iain Ballantyne, HMS Rodney: The Famous Ships of the Royal Navy Series:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A junior temporarily assigned to do minor duties for a senior; a gofer.
examples: text: […] the "doggy" sometimes took a safety-lamp, and sometimes not, when he entered the mine in the morning; whether he did on the morning of the catastrophe was not apparent.
ref: 1847, The Annual Register, page 175:
topics: business
mining
glosses: Synonym of corporal.
synonyms: word: corporal
examples: text: Her favourite position is doggy.
topics: lifestyle
sex
sexuality
glosses: Ellipsis of doggy style.
Derived terms: doggy woggy
Related terms: coconut doggy
doggy bag
doggy biscuit
doggy dinner bowl look
doggy dog
doggy fashion
doggy paddle
doggy style
doggy treat
doggy woggy
hoo doggy
whoo doggy
woo doggy
doggy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɔ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɑɡ.i/
rhymes: -ɒɡi
Etymology: From dog + -y (diminutive suffix).
Senses: glosses: Doggy style.
raw_tags: of sexual intercourse
doggy
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɔ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɑɡ.i/
rhymes: -ɒɡi
Etymology: From dog + -y (diminutive suffix).
Senses: glosses: Doggy style.
raw_tags: of sexual intercourse
Related terms: dogie
doggy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɔ.ɡi/
ipa: /ˈdɑɡ.i/
rhymes: -ɒɡi
Forms: form: doggier
form: doggiest
Etymology: From Middle English doggi, equivalent to dog + -y (adjectival suffix).
Senses: examples: text: King Lune […] had just come from making a round of the kennels with his Huntsman and had only stopped for a moment to wash his doggy hands.
ref: 1954, C. S. Lewis, The Horse and His Boy:
text: The house wore the startled doggy air of having been undeservedly rebuked. I knew the feeling.
ref: 1993, John Banville, Ghosts:
glosses: Suggestive of or in the manner of a dog.
glosses: Fond of dogs.
Derived terms: doggily
dogginess
Related terms: lap-doggy
blackamoors
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of blackamoor
doggie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɒɡi
Forms: form: doggies
Etymology: From dog + -ie.
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of doggy.
Derived terms: doggie biscuit
doggie door
Related terms: dogie
pup
puppy
kook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kuːk/
enpr: ko͞ok
rhymes: -uːk
Forms: form: kooks
Etymology: Possibly from cuckoo.
Senses: examples: text: The kook we will always have with us, to paraphrase Jesus, but the kooks of yore had to work to maintain their kookery and locate fellow kooks. They had to pick up their kook phone, subscribe to the kook newsletter, drive to the kook convention. Nowadays, all the kook has to do is log in to Facebook, where his feed will be enlivened by the chatter of fellow — and likely more extreme — kooks, toward which Facebook’s algorithms helpfully steer him.
ref: 2019 January 29, Tom Bissell, “An Anti-Facebook Manifesto”, in New York Times:
text: The administration’s deep cuts to scientific and medical research have been compounded by Trump’s decision to hand control of public health to Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a bona fide kook,[…].
ref: 2025 April 29, Jonathan Chait, “An Unsustainable Presidency”, in The Atlantic:
synonyms: word: nutjob
word: odd duck
word: weirdo
word: basket case
word: basket weaver
word: crack
word: crackpot
word: crazy
word: crazyhead
word: dingbat
word: eccentric
word: fruit and nut case
word: fruit cake
word: fruit loop
word: fruitloop
word: head case
word: kook
word: loony
word: loony tune
word: lunatic
word: madcap
word: madhead
word: mental case
word: nut
word: nut ball
word: nutbar
word: nutburger
word: nutcase
word: nutjob
word: nutter
word: psycho
word: psychoceramic
word: schizo
word: screwball
word: space cadet
word: space pilot
word: unconventional
word: wackadoo
word: wackadoodle
word: wacko
word: whackjob
word: whacko
word: weirdo
word: wingnut
word: space case
word: bizarro
word: coot
word: crackpot
word: crank
raw_tags: in US
word: eccentric
word: freak
word: glaik
word: hard case
word: kook
word: live one
word: nutbag
word: nutbar
word: nutcase
word: nutter
word: oddball
word: oddity
word: odd bod
word: odd duck
word: odd fish
word: queerdo
word: queer fish
word: rum
word: strange bird
word: strange fish
word: strangeling
word: wack
word: wacko
word: weirdie
word: weirdling
word: weirdo
word: wild man
word: wingnut
glosses: An eccentric, strange or crazy person.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
surfing
glosses: A boardsport participant who lacks style or skill; a newbie who acts as if they are better at the sport than they are.
Derived terms: kook cord
kookdance
kookdom
kookery
kookfest
kookily
kookish
kookism
kookness
kookologist
kookology
kook out
kooky
kookie
malo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Shortening of malolactic.
Senses: examples: text: Allowing a wine to undergo malo also protects it from bacterial contamination later.
ref: 2009, Joseph LaVilla, The Wine, Beer, and Spirits Handbook:
glosses: malolactic fermentation
malo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: malos
Senses: glosses: A Hawaiian loincloth.
Related terms: english: etymologically unrelated
translation: etymologically unrelated
word: malo animo
cardi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cardis
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of cardie.
cardy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cardies
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of cardie.
cardie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkaɹdi/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)di
Forms: form: cardies
Etymology: Shortening of cardigan (as in cardi) with influence from the diminutive -ie / -y.
Senses: related: word: cardi
word: cardy
glosses: A cardigan.
worthiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ðɪnəs/
Forms: form: worthinesses
form: worthynesse
Etymology: From Middle English worthynesse, equivalent to worthy + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: But, unlike the generality of her age, love now occupied no place in the future. How could she ever believe in the worthiness of any one? or, if she believed, it could never so interest her again.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 15-16:
glosses: The state or quality of having value or merit.
glosses: The result or product of having value or merit.
glosses: The state or quality of being qualified or eligible.
glosses: The result or product of being qualified or eligible.
Related terms: love-worthiness
would-be
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwʊd biː/
Senses: examples: text: Would-be marines have to get through a rigorous examination.
text: As Tarzan’s heavy hand fell upon his shoulder the priest dropped his victim, and turned upon her would-be rescuer.
ref: 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 171:
text: Pilton Yard, the Lynton & Barnstaple headquarters, has been taken over by a fur trading firm, and would-be trespassers to the old engine-shed are turned back by the pungent odour of heaps of carcases.
ref: 1951 February, “Notes and News: Lynton & Barnstaple Remains”, in Railway Magazine, page 136:
text: Sorokin, a would-be art collector, planned to open a members-only arts club but became known as the “Soho grifter” after her deception upon New York’s glitzy social scene came to light.
ref: 2019 May 9, Edward Helmore, “Anna Sorokin: fake German heiress sentenced to up to 12 years in prison”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Attempting or desiring something.
examples: text: Would-be film stars often become waitresses.
text: It was not till the rays of the sun had absorbed the young stranger's retreating figure on the hill that she shook off her temporary sadness and answered her would-be partner in the affirmative.
ref: 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 27:
text: [T]he envy of all the would-be beautiful of the Nor empire.
ref: 1945 Sept, Richard S. Shaver, Science Fiction Adventure Classics, published 1972, page 26, column 1:
text: The Secret Service had already been barraged with questions over why it had excluded from its security zone the warehouse — about 450 feet from the former president — from which the would-be assassin had fired at Mr. Trump on July 13.
ref: 2024 July 21, Zolan Kanno-Youngs, Maggie Haberman, “Secret Service Says It Denied Earlier Trump Requests for More Federal Resources”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Unfulfilled; frustrated in realizing a goal, ambition, etc.
Coordinate terms: might-be
wannabe
Derived terms: would-be bride
would-be
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwʊd biː/
Forms: form: would-bes
Senses: examples: text: The would-bes are very sure that the managers have it in for them; just as most young writers regard publishers as being in conspiracy against budding genius.
ref: 1912, Elbert Hubbard, Hollyhocks and Goldenglow:
synonyms: wannabe
glosses: One who aspires to something.
glosses: One's fiancé or fiancée.
wounded
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwuːndɪd/
Senses: examples: text: Nila, Agni's son, brandishing an uptorn tree, rushed on Prahasta; but he wounded the monkey with showers of arows.
ref: 1913, Valmiki, translated by Sister Nivedita and Ananda Coomaraswamy, The Ramayana:
glosses: simple past and past participle of wound
wounded
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwuːndɪd/
Senses: examples: text: A wounded soldier.
text: The wounded lay on stretchers waiting for surgery.
text: Every single hospital was taking in wounded from the front.
text: […] he was deadly pale, and the blood-stained bandage round his head told that he had recently been wounded, and still more recently dressed.
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
text: Long ago, when King Kung of Ch’u fought with Duke Li of Chin at Yen-ling, the Ch’u army was defeated and King Kung was wounded in the eye.
ref: 1964, Han Fei Tzu, translated by Burton Watson, Han Fei Tzu - Basic Writings, Columbia University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 50:
text: Shepard: Are you wounded, Williams?
Ashley Williams: A few scrapes and burns. Nothing serious. The others weren't so lucky.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Eden Prime:
glosses: Suffering from a wound, especially one acquired in battle from a weapon, such as a gun or a knife.
examples: text: My wounded pride never recovered from her rejection.
glosses: Suffering from an emotional injury.
examples: a wounded nucleon
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Of a particle: having undergone an inelastic collision.
Synonyms: sense: suffering from a wound
word: hurt
word: imbrued
word: injured
sense: suffering from an emotional injury
word: damaged
sense: suffering from an emotional injury
word: hurt
sense: suffering from an emotional injury
word: traumatised
word: banged up
word: crocked
word: fucked up
word: gimped
word: jacked up
word: messed up
word: tore up
word: vulnerated
word: wounded
Hypernyms: word: deteriorated
Hyponyms: word: bruised
word: burned
word: crippled
word: cut
word: gashed
word: maimed
word: pierced
word: scalded
word: scratched
word: stabbed
word: gammy
Derived terms: charge like a wounded bull
walking wounded
Related terms: word: injury
word: harm
wrangler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wranglers
Etymology: From wrangle + -er.
Senses: examples: text: And all over Hollywood, suits are licking their chops at the prospect of more malleable actors. “She’s not going to talk back,” one top talent wrangler told me dryly.
ref: 2025 October 4, Maureen Dowd, “When A.I. Came for Hollywood”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 05 Oct 2025:
glosses: Someone who wrangles or corrals.
examples: text: The Seas and Windes (old Wranglers) tooke a Truce, / And did him ſeruice; he touch'd the Ports desir'd,
ref: c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
glosses: A brawler or disputant.
examples: text: Even as I stretched my arms and shivered a little, the two wranglers threw down their tin plates with a clatter, mounted horses and rode away in the direction of the thousand acres or so known as the pasture.
ref: 1907, Stewart Edward White, chapter 5, in Arizona Nights:
glosses: A cowboy who takes care of saddle horses.
glosses: A cowboy who takes care of tourists.
glosses: An animal handler or trainer.
examples: text: During all this excursion, she condescended to say civil things to him: she quoted Italian and French poetry to the poor bewildered lad, and persisted that he was a fine scholar, and was perfectly sure he would gain a gold medal, and be a Senior Wrangler.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXXIV, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
topics: education
qualifier: Cambridge University
glosses: A student who has completed the third year of the mathematical tripos with first-class honours.
topics: education
glosses: A special education teacher.
glosses: A groom.
Derived terms: baby wrangler
tard wrangler
Related terms: optime
wrapper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæpɚ/
homophone: rapper
rhymes: -æpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: wrappers
Etymology: From Middle English wrappere, equivalent to wrap + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Messy trains are horrible, but you can sort of understand passengers leaving their sandwich wrappers and paper cups if there is nowhere to dispose of them.
ref: 2023 April 5, Pip Dunn, “'196s' giving commuters a smoother ride”, in RAIL, number 980, page 55:
glosses: Something that is wrapped around something else as a cover or protection: a wrapping.
examples: text: Please to examine, at your leisure, the inner linings of the cuff of his left sleeve, and the several little packages which may be found in the somewhat capacious pockets of his embroidered morning wrapper.
ref: 1839, Edgar Allan Poe, William Wilson:
text: It was eight o'clock to-morrow evening when I buckled up my travelling writing-desk in its leather case, paid my Bill, and got on my warm coats and wrappers.
ref: 1855, Charles Dickens, “The Holly-tree. Third Branch—The Bill”, in Christmas Stories […] (The Works of Charles Dickens; XV), de luxe edition, London: Chapman and Hall, published 1881, →OCLC, page 63:
glosses: An outer garment; a loose robe or dressing gown.
examples: text: He proved to be a remarkably efficient wrapper of parcels.
glosses: One who, or that which, wraps.
examples: text: We need a Perl wrapper for this C++ library.
qualifier: object-oriented programming
glosses: A construct, such as a class or module, that serves to mediate access to another.
glosses: A startup company that sells technology that it largely does not make.
Synonyms: sense: construct that mediates access
word: adapter
word: wrapper class
word: primitive wrapper class
Derived terms: app wrapper
fish wrapper
fish-wrapper
lumpia wrapper
plain brown wrapper
plain wrapper
railway wrapper
tax wrapper
wrapping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæp.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -æpɪŋ
Forms: form: wrappings
Etymology: From Middle English wrappinge, wrappynge, equivalent to wrap + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: Cattle are shot with stones and can only be cured by a "fairy dart" or ancient stone arrowhead. These objects are kept in numerous wrappings by every properly qualified "fairy doctor," who rub[s] them on the sick beasts with appropriate charms ...
ref: 1918, Folklore Society (Great Britain), Publications:
synonyms: casing
packaging
glosses: The material in which something is wrapped.
examples: See also: autowrap, backwrap, line break, word wrap, and wraparound
topics: communications
computing
engineering
journalism
literature
mathematics
media
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
publishing
sciences
writing
synonyms: line breaking
line wrapping
text wrapping
word wrapping
glosses: The breaking of a section of text into lines so that it will fit into the available width of a display area.
Derived terms: buddy wrapping
gift-wrapping
wrapping gown
wrapping paper
wrapping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæp.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -æpɪŋ
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of wrap
Derived terms: wrapping up
wrathful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɒθfəl/
ipa: /ˈɹæθfəl/
Forms: form: more wrathful
form: most wrathful
Etymology: From wrath + -ful.
Senses: antonyms: unwrathful
glosses: Possessed of great wrath; very angry.
Synonyms: wrath
wroth
Derived terms: wrathfully
wrathfulness
wreckage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛkɪdʒ/
Forms: form: wreckages
Etymology: From wreck + -age.
Senses: examples: text: About three or four minutes later still an express freight on the up main line ran into the wreckage at about 35 m.p.h. Its engine also overturned and 15 more wagons were added to the mounting pile of wreckage.
ref: 1962 October 24, “Talking of Trains: The collisions at Connington”, in Modern Railways, page 232:
text: Explorers have found the 153-year-old wreckage of the Bay State, one the earlier propeller-driven steamships to ply the waters of the Great Lakes.
ref: 2015 October 22, Michael Pearson, “153-year-old shipwreck found in Lake Ontario”, in CNN:
text: Typically for the 'get-on-with-it' era, the railway and military worked like demons to restore the vital rail link. The crater was rapidly filled in and the earth tamped solid, the wreckage was removed by breakdown trains, new rails and sleepers were rushed forward by willing hands, and US Army bulldozers piled in. By 2020 on the same day, both tracks were open for traffic again where there had been a gaping pit just hours before.
ref: 2022 January 12, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, in RAIL, number 948, page 43:
text: More recent attempts to salvage general equilibrium theory from the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu wreckage have met with little success[.]
ref: 2024, Jeremy B. Rudd, A Practical Guide to Macroeconomics, p. 2
glosses: Something wrecked, especially the remains or debris of something which has been severely damaged or destroyed.
wrecked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
homophone: rect
Forms: form: more wrecked
form: most wrecked
form: rekt
Senses: glosses: Destroyed, usually in an accident; damaged to the point of unusability.
examples: text: […] just thought she was wrecked from all the Diamond White ciders she'd been sinking – I'd even bought her a couple of Blastaways, which in hindsight was a mistake.
ref: 2021, Barbara Copperthwaite, The Girl in the Missing Poster:
glosses: Very intoxicated from alcohol or recreational drugs.
glosses: Having been put in a dreadful or embarrassing situation; can range from being pwned in a game to being utterly defeated in an argument or publicly shamed with a stinging insult.
Synonyms: sense: destroyed
word: annihilated
sense: destroyed
word: awrack
sense: destroyed
word: eradicated
sense: destroyed
word: irrepairable
sense: destroyed
word: ruined
sense: intoxicated
word: drunk
word: stoned
sense: utterly defeated or shamed
word: rekt
wrecked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
homophone: rect
Forms: form: rekt
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of wreck
Carla
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɑː(ɹ)lə/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)lə
Senses: glosses: A female given name from the Germanic languages borrowed from Italian or German.
NYSE
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: business
finance
trading
glosses: Initialism of New York Stock Exchange.
squirm
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /skwɜːm/
ipa: /skwɝm/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: squirms
form: squirming
form: squirmed
form: squirmed
Etymology: First recorded 1690's, originally used of eels; cognate with Scots squimmer (“to wriggle, squirm”). Of uncertain origin. Compare dialectal quirm, whirm (“to disappear quickly, vanish suddenly and mysteriously”), Norwegian kverva (“to turn around, take away, remove, shrink”), from Old Norse hverfa (“to turn, vanish”). Alternatively, perhaps imitative or related to worm (in the sense of writhing movement) or swarm.
Senses: examples: text: The prisoner managed to squirm out of the straitjacket.
text: […] around us there had sprung up a perfect bedlam of screams and hisses and a seething caldron of hideous reptiles, devoid of fear and filled only with hunger and with rage. They clambered, squirmed and wriggled to the deck, forcing us steadily backward, though we emptied our pistols into them.
ref: 1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter IV, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, (please specify |part=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, →OCLC:
text: "Throw it away, dear, do," she said, as they got into the road; but Jacob squirmed away from her […]
ref: 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:
text: The Dutchman then missed a retaken second spot-kick, before the Trotters hit back when Daniel Sturridge's shot squirmed under Heurelho Gomes.
ref: 2011 February 5, Michael Kevin Darling, “Tottenham 2 - 1 Bolton”, in BBC:
synonyms: writhe
wriggle
glosses: To twist one's body with snakelike motions.
examples: text: I recounted the embarrassing story in detail just to watch him squirm.
text: MARIGOLD: Should I tell them I know?
DORA: Nah, let ’em squirm. Let’s go get some pie.
ref: 2010, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content 1686: Twist in the Wind:
synonyms: fidget
glosses: To twist in discomfort, especially from shame or embarrassment.
glosses: To evade a question, an interviewer etc.
Derived terms: asquirm
squiggle
squirmage
squirmish
squirmy
squirm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /skwɜːm/
ipa: /skwɝm/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: squirms
Etymology: First recorded 1690's, originally used of eels; cognate with Scots squimmer (“to wriggle, squirm”). Of uncertain origin. Compare dialectal quirm, whirm (“to disappear quickly, vanish suddenly and mysteriously”), Norwegian kverva (“to turn around, take away, remove, shrink”), from Old Norse hverfa (“to turn, vanish”). Alternatively, perhaps imitative or related to worm (in the sense of writhing movement) or swarm.
Senses: glosses: A twisting, snakelike movement of the body.
wriggle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪɡəl/
rhymes: -ɪɡəl
Forms: form: wriggles
form: wriggling
form: wriggled
form: wriggled
Etymology: From wrig + -le (frequentative suffix). Compare Dutch wriggelen (“to wriggle, squirm”), Low German wriggeln (“to wriggle”). Related to Old English wrigian (“to turn, wend, hie, go move”), from Proto-Germanic *wrigōną (“to wriggle”).
Senses: examples: text: Teachers often lose their patience when children wriggle in their seats.
text: Both he and successors would often wriggle in their seats, as long as the cushion lasted.
ref: 1724, Jonathan Swift, “Drapier's Letters”, in 5:
text: In this category the Wriggling Orator claims our attention. This St. Vitus-like speaker does not stand firmly in his boots, but his feet wriggle from heel to toe and over one another; his knees are not braced to hold up his body, but they wriggle outwards, inwards, backwards, forwards; his sides are not erect to sustain his chest, but they bend and wriggle, first one way then another; his shoulders are not squared to the spectator's eye, but they wriggle up, down, out, in; his arms are not expanded in their movements, but they wriggle about and seem to crawl over his body. His head wriggles on the wriggling neck,—his tongue wriggles in his mouth,—the words wriggle out,—and he wriggles all over, and all together.
ref: 1886, Alexander Melville Bell, “An Alphabet of Orators”, in Essays and Postscripts on Elocution, page 171:
text: I tried to ease my grip, but my hands were sweating so profusely that the lizards began to wriggle out of them.
ref: 1972, Carlos Castañeda, The teachings of Don Juan: a Yaqui way of knowledge, page 78:
synonyms: wiggle
glosses: To twist one's body to and fro with short, writhing motions; to squirm.
examples: text: He was sitting on the lawn, wriggling his toes in the grass.
synonyms: wiggle
glosses: To cause something to wriggle.
glosses: To use crooked or devious means.
Derived terms: wriggle out of
wriggler
wriggly
wriggle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪɡəl/
rhymes: -ɪɡəl
Forms: form: wriggles
Etymology: From wrig + -le (frequentative suffix). Compare Dutch wriggelen (“to wriggle, squirm”), Low German wriggeln (“to wriggle”). Related to Old English wrigian (“to turn, wend, hie, go move”), from Proto-Germanic *wrigōną (“to wriggle”).
Senses: glosses: A wriggling movement.
Derived terms: get a wriggle on
wriggle room
wrestler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wrestlers
Etymology: From Middle English wrastlere, equivalent to wrestle + -er.
Senses: examples: text: it isn't easy to avoid all the wrestler's holds.
ref: 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 231c:
topics: government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
wrestling
glosses: A person who wrestles.
Derived terms: arm-wrestler
mud wrestler
professional wrestler
wretch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɛtʃ
homophone: retch
Forms: form: wretches
Etymology: From Middle English wrecche, from Old English wreċċa (“exile, outcast”), from Proto-Germanic *wrakjô (“exile, fugitive, warrior”), from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to track, follow”). Doublet of garçon.
Senses: examples: text: The poor wretch, who lay motionless a long time, just began to recover his senses as a stage-coach came by.
ref: 1742, Henry Fielding, chapter 12, in Joseph Andrews, archived from the original on 05 Apr 2012:
text: The four unhappy wretches labouring under sentence of banishment were freed from their fetters, to rejoin their former society; and three days given as holidays to every convict in the colony.
ref: 1789, Watkin Tench, chapter 14, in The Expedition to Botany Bay, archived from the original on 03 Mar 2011:
text: And his subjects wrung all they could wring / Out of temple and palace and store. / But when there seemed no more to bring, / His captors convicted the king / Of once having started a war, / And strangled the wretch with a string.
ref: 1936, Robert Frost, “The Vindictives”, in A Further Range:
glosses: An unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person.
examples: text: Swear to me but, thou bold wretch! said she, swear to me, that Pamela Andrews is really and truly thy lawful wife, without sham, without deceit, without double-meaning; and I know what I have to say!
ref: 1740, Samuel Richardson, chapter 71, in Pamela:
text: I asked that selfish wretch, Winterblossom, to walk down with me to view her distress, and the heartless beast told me he was afraid of infection!
ref: 1823, Walter Scott, chapter 32, in Saint Ronan's Well, archived from the original on 15 Apr 2012:
text: […]Alaeddin ate and drank and was cheered and after he had rested and had recovered spirits he cried, "Ah, O my mother, I have a sore grievance against thee for leaving me to that accursed wight who strave to compass my destruction and designed to take my life. Know that I beheld Death with mine own eyes at the hand of this damned wretch, whom thou didst certify to be my uncle;[…]
ref: 1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Night 532”, in Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:
text: How I cursed my selfishness and the folly that had kept me lingering by Ayesha's side while my dear boy lay dying! Alas and alas! how easily the best of us are lighted down to evil by the gleam of a woman's eyes! What a wicked wretch was I!
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
glosses: An unpleasant, annoying, worthless, or despicable person.
glosses: An exile.
Derived terms: wretched
wretch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -ɛtʃ
homophone: retch
Etymology: From confusion with the noun.
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of retch.
sumptuous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsʌmptʃuəs/
ipa: /ˈsʌmpt͡ʃuəs/
Forms: form: more sumptuous
form: most sumptuous
Etymology: From French somptueux, from Latin sumptuōsus, from sūmptus (“cost, charge, expense”), from sumō (“to take”) + -tus (noun formation suffix).
Senses: examples: text: Though poor the peasant’s hut, his feasts though small,
He sees his little lot the lot of all;
Sees no contiguous palace rear its head
To shame the meanness of his humble shed;
No costly lord the sumptuous banquet deal
To make him loathe his vegetable meal;
ref: 1764, Oliver Goldsmith, The Traveller:
text: I wandered on until I came to a sumptuous palace with a garden adorned with fountains and fishponds, and groves and flowers, and orchards laden with delicious fruit.
ref: 1829, Washington Irving, The Alhambra, archived from the original on 08 Sep 2015:
text: It was a sumptuous nature, perhaps, that could not be brought to regard money; a natural generosity and kindness; and possibly a petty vanity that was pleased with praise, even with the praise of waiters and cabmen.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 31, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
text: There were some unofficial local rejoicings, but none of the elaborate junketings which marked the birth of earlier railways. The company had little cash to spend on sumptuous cold collations, and the like.
ref: 1955 April, R. K. Kirkland, “The Staines Branch, Western Region”, in Railway Magazine, page 227:
text: Cabaye pulled all the strings in a dominant home performance and capped a majestic individual display with a sumptuous first-time finish into the far corner for his second goal of the afternoon.
ref: 2012 April 21, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:
synonyms: lavish
glosses: Magnificent, luxurious, splendid.
Derived terms: sumption
sumptuary
sumptuousness
wretchedness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪdnəs/
Forms: form: wretchednesses
Etymology: From Middle English wrecchednesse; equivalent to wretched + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: She saw only that he was quiet and unobtrusive, and she liked him for it. He did not disturb the wretchedness of her mind by ill-timed conversation.
ref: 1811, Jane Austen, chapter 3, in Sense and Sensibility:
synonyms: word: misery
word: unhappiness
word: blueness
word: mirthless
word: blues
word: crestfallenness
word: dejection
word: depression
word: despondency
word: distress
word: dolefulness
word: downheartedness
word: drearihead
word: forlornness
word: grief
word: heartsore
word: ill-being
word: infelicity
word: melancholia
word: melancholy
word: misery
word: mishappiness
word: mourn
word: prosternation
word: regret
word: rue
word: ruth
word: sadness
word: sorrow
word: sorrowfulness
word: tristfulness
word: undelight
word: unhappiness
word: woe
word: woefare
word: wretchedness
glosses: An unhappy state of mental or physical suffering.
glosses: A state of prolonged misfortune, privation, or anguish.
wristwatch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪstˌwɒt͡ʃ/
ipa: /ˈɹɪstˌwɔt͡ʃ/
ipa: /ˈɹɪstˌwɑt͡ʃ/
ipa: /ˈɹɪstˌwɔt͡ʃ/
Forms: form: wristwatches
Etymology: From wrist + watch.
Senses: glosses: A watch that is worn on a strap or band fastened around the wrist
Related terms: pocketwatch
watch
fob watch
timepiece