cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
excursion
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈskɜː.ʃən/
ipa: /ɛkˈskɝ.ʒən/
ipa: /ekˈskɜː.ʃən/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʃən
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʒən
Forms: form: excursions
form: excursioning
form: excursioned
form: excursioned
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin excursiō (“a running out, an inroad, invasion, a setting out, beginning of a speech”), from excurrere (“to run out”), from ex (“out”) + currere (“to run”). By surface analysis, excurse + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: 1825, Charles Lamb, Letter to Mr. Wordsworth, 6 April, 1825, in The Works of Charles Lamb, Volume I, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851, p. 249, https://books.google.ca/books?id=ypdNAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Yesterday I excursioned twenty miles; to-day I write a few letters.
text: After breakfast, that next morning in Chamonix, we went out in the yard and watched the gangs of excursioning tourists arriving and departing with their mules and guides and porters […]
ref: 1880, Mark Twain, chapter 49, in A Tramp Abroad:
text: Victoria cows preferred to walk on the plank sidewalks in winter rather than dirty their hooves in the mud by the roadside. They liked to tune their chews to the tap, tap, tap of their feet on the planks. Ladies challenged the right of way by opening and shutting their umbrellas in the cows' faces and shooing, but the cows only chewed harder and stood still. It was the woman-lady, not the lady-cow who had to take to the mud and get scratched by the wild rose bushes that grew between sidewalk and fence while she excursioned round the cow.
ref: 1942, Emily Carr, “Ways of Getting Round”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:
glosses: To go on a recreational trip or excursion.
anal sphincter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: anal sphincters
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The sphincter (= ring muscle) that surrounds the anus (=anal orifice)
Related terms: asshole
ikona
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ikonas
Senses: topics: Christianity
art
arts
glosses: An Eastern Orthodox icon, or religious painting.
Lachryma Christi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Renaissance Latin lachryma Christi, from Latin lachryma (“tears”) Chrīstī (“of Christ”).
Senses: examples: text: “Pray take another glass of wine […] The lachryma Christi is excellent; do taste it.”
ref: 1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 181:
glosses: An Italian white wine from grapes grown on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius.
tears of wine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: beverages
food
lifestyle
oenology
synonyms: church windows
curtains
legs
wine tears
glosses: A ring of clear liquid, forming into drops, near the top of a glass of fortified wine; the result of differential evaporation of alcohol and subsequent changes in surface tension; an example of the Marangoni effect.
mantis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæntɪs/
Forms: form: mantises
form: mantes
form: mantid
Etymology: From New Latin mantis, from Ancient Greek μάντις (mántis, “soothsayer”). Distant doublet of mind via Proto-Indo-European *méntis.
Senses: synonyms: word: rear-horse
glosses: Any of various large insects of the order Mantodea that catch insects or other small animals with their powerful forelegs.
glosses: A green colour, like that of many mantises.
Derived terms: Chinese mantis
flower mantis
mantis crab
mantisfly
mantislike
mantis shrimp
praying mantis
sea mantis
Skinner's ground mantis
praying mantis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹeɪ.ɪŋ ˈmæntɪs/
Forms: form: praying mantises
form: praying mantes
Etymology: Mantis from Greek μάντις (mántis). Named "praying mantis" for their stance, with the forelegs held together in a way that resembles a person praying. Similar designations exist in many European as well as non-European languages. Compare for example French mante religieuse (literally “religious mantis”), German Gottesanbeterin (literally “God-worshipper”), Portuguese louva-a-deus (literally “God-praiser”), Persian آخوندک (âxundak, literally “little cleric”).
Senses: glosses: Any of various predatory, cannibalistic insects of the order Mantodea that have a prayer-like stance.
glosses: A mantid of the species Mantis religiosa.
raw_tags: in Europe
glosses: A woman who preys on men (from the idea that female praying mantises eat males after sex).
Synonyms: sense: general term
word: mantid
sense: general term
word: mantis
pleomorphism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pleomorphisms
Etymology: From pleo- (“full, many”) + -morphism.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: The occurrence of multiple structural forms during the life cycle of an organism.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Synonym of polymorphism.
synonyms: word: polymorphism
Derived terms: nucleopleomorphism
Related terms: neopleomorphism
pleomorphic
cliche'
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Informal form of cliché.
true bug
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: true bugs
Senses: examples: text: Fig. 16 is the striped or cucumber-bug, as it is improperly called, but which is in reality a beetle, while fig. 17, the squash-bug, is a true bug, being without jaws or mouth, except a long slender tube, fitted for piercing and sucking the sap of plants.
ref: 1858, “Insects Injurious to Vegetation”, in The (old) Farmer's Almanack, page 37:
glosses: Any of various insects of the order Hemiptera and in particular of the suborder Heteroptera, that are wingless or have two pairs of wings, and have mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking.
Hypernyms: animal
arthropod
insect
paraneopteran
Hyponyms: sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: aphid
sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: assassin bug
sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: cicada
sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: leafhopper
sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: moss bug
sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: planthopper
sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: shield bug
sense: insects in Hemiptera
word: spittlebug
Related terms: true water bug
take the fifth
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: takes the fifth
form: taking the fifth
form: took the fifth
form: taken the fifth
form: take the Fifth
Etymology: A reference to the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states, among other things, that it may not be required of one to testify against oneself.
Senses: examples: text: If you ask me who ate the last of the ice cream, I will simply take the fifth.
text: “Do you believe the violence on January 6 was justified morally?” she asked. Flynn squinted, truculent. “Take the Fifth,” he said.
ref: 2022 July 8, Barton Gellman, quoting Michael Flynn, “What Happened to Michael Flynn?”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: To decline to comment, especially on grounds that it might be incriminating.
Synonyms: plead the Fifth
Related terms: no comment
mealybug
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mealybugs
Etymology: From mealy + bug, from the appearance of the powder which resembles meal (“flour”).
Senses: glosses: Any of various insects of the family Pseudococcidae, which secrete a powdery wax and are pests of fruit trees.
Derived terms: mealybug destroyer
cut one's teeth
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: cuts one's teeth
form: cutting one's teeth
form: cut one's teeth
form: cut one's teeth
Senses: examples: text: He cut his teeth on flying model airplanes as a child, so aeronautical engineering came naturally.
glosses: To begin; to gain early experience.
Related terms: cut one's eyeteeth
make one's bones
slip someone's mind
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: slips someone's mind
form: slipping someone's mind
form: slipped someone's mind
form: slipped someone's mind
Senses: examples: text: I meant to call her today, but it completely slipped my mind.
glosses: To be forgotten by someone; to escape someone's memory.
bad apple
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bad apples
Etymology: From the proverb “one bad apple can spoil the whole bunch” (or a variant thereof).
Senses: examples: text: There is one bad apple, and that is Katie, the beautiful prostitute with whom Catcher Bruce is in love. Unlike the cliche harlot of fiction, she is as short of compassion as Bruce is of IQ.
ref: 1956 March 19, “Echoing Ring (book review of Bang the Drum Slowly by Mark Harris)”, in TIME, archived from the original on 11 Mar 2012:
text: While most union leaders are people of integrity, there are still bad apples.
ref: 2003 October 5, Steven Greenhouse, “Unions See Politics in New Disclosure Rules”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 06 Oct 2020:
text: If anyone still harbors the fantasy that the business scandals of the past few years were the handiwork of just a few bad apples, they should read John Bogle's "Battle for the Soul of Capitalism."
ref: 2006 January 27, Jeff Madrick, “Wall Street: More than few bad apples”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 13 Nov 2021:
glosses: A person who is not wholesome, honest, or trustworthy, especially one who has an adverse influence on others.
Synonyms: rotten apple
Derived terms: bad appling
Related terms: bad egg
bone dry
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: When I went out to water my garden, the soil was bone dry. No wonder plants were drooping.
glosses: Alternative form of bone-dry.
beg the question
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: begs the question
form: begging the question
form: begged the question
form: begged the question
Etymology: From Latin petitio principii, from Ancient Greek τὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ αἰτεῖσθαι (tò en arkhēî aiteîsthai, “to assume from the beginning”).
Senses: examples: text: The objection is that the argument begs the question, meaning that the premise, that God has all the virtues, assumes the conclusion, that God is benevolent.
ref: 1994, D. N. Walton, “Begging the question as a pragmatic fallacy.”, in Synthese, volume 100, number 1:
topics: human-sciences
law
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: To engage in the logical fallacy of begging the question (petitio principii).
examples: 1860, Henry Adams, letter, 6 May
However I hope we shall do better as we go on and as long as there's no dodging or begging the question on our side, I'm not afraid.
glosses: To sidestep or fail to address a question.
examples: text: Three people were hurt in the fire at the warehouse last night, which begs the question: what were they doing there in the first place?
text: Invariably, the principal object is to improve air quality. But those constraints beg the question: why has no city followed Nottingham's example of a workplace parking levy, which has generated about £10 million a year to finance the city's tram system?
ref: 2024 March 6, Steve Edwards discusses with Anthony Lambert, “The bedrock of urban renewal”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 35:
glosses: To raise or prompt a question.
Related terms: begging the question
question the question
spiflication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: See spiflicate.
Senses: examples: text: Whose blood he vowed to drink — the Oriental form of threatening spiflication
ref: 1855, Richard Francis Burton, Pilgrimmage to El-Medinah and Mecca:
text: ... you had better not mention — to quote Johnson — of Benson's spiflication
ref: 1859, George Meredith, chapter 11, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel:
glosses: The act of spiflicating, or the state of being spiflicated; annihilation.
Margot
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑː.ɡəʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɑɹ.ɡoʊ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)ɡəʊ
Forms: form: Margo
Etymology: Borrowed from French Margot.
Senses: examples: text: "I like names that end with an a, don't you? Or other vowels? Most often it seems to be an a. But wait: Margo's name ends with an o, for mercy's sake! Barnaby's mother. Or it used to be o. Then she met Barnaby's father and added a t."
Sophia looked at me. I told her, "Mom thought Margot with a t was higher class."
"First time I saw it written that way was on the wedding invitations," Gram said. "She brought them home from the printer's and I said, 'Who's this?' She said, 'That's me.' Well, I did try to accommodate. Her dad said it was stuff and nonsense, but I told Jeffrey the next time he came to call, 'Mar-gott will be down in a minute.' He laughed because he thought I was joking but I was serious. I honestly assumed people pronounced the t."
ref: 1998 Anne Tyler, A Patchwork Planet, A.A.Knopf Inc., page 3
glosses: A female given name from French.
hardon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hardons
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of hard-on.
didst
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪdst/
ipa: /dɪtst/
rhymes: -ɪdst
Forms: form: diddest
form: did'st
Senses: glosses: second-person singular simple past indicative of do
coprophagy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coprophagia
Etymology: From copro- (“excrement”) + -phagy (“to feed on”).
Senses: examples: text: We use "coprophagy" as the simplest available general term to describe ingestion of the feces, without any implication of cause, circumstances, or the origin or nature of fecal material consumed.
ref: 1980, G. J. Kenagy, D. F. Hoyt, “Reingestion of Feces in Rodents and Its Daily Rhythmicity”, in Oecologia, volume 44, number 3, page 403:
text: Other studies postulate that dogs practice coprophagy in an attempt to conserve digestive enzymes, in particular protelytic enzymes and amylase (McCuistion, 1966).
ref: 1989, Nutrition and Management of Dogs and Cats, page 38:
text: In Ligeti's Le Grand Macabre (2003), Kosky previewed the apocalypse in a blitz of surreal images that made coprophagy, as he puts it, look "gorgeous".
ref: 2010, Peter Conrad, The Monthly, April 2010, Issue 55, The Monthly Ptd Ltd, page 52
synonyms: scatophagy
glosses: The act or an instance of eating feces.
Related terms: allocoprophagy
autocoprophagy
coprophagan
coprophagic
coprophagist
coprophagous
caecotrophy
proctophagy
reingestion
life cycle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlaɪf ˌsaɪ.kəl/
Forms: form: life cycles
form: lifecycle
Etymology: From life + cycle.
Senses: examples: text: Plants’ life cycles are an attractive subject of study for citizen science because they are relatively easy to discern. In fact, the name for the field in which we work, phenology, literally means “the science of appearance.” The word was coined just a few years after Thoreau made his phenological observations, from the Greek phaino (to show or appear) and logos (to study).
ref: 2013 September-October, Kayri Havens, Sandra Henderson, “Citizen Science Takes Root”, in American Scientist:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
synonyms: biological life
glosses: The course of stages through which an organism passes from fertilized zygote until maturity, reproduction, and death.
examples: text: Since it began operating in 1950, Sellafield has had different duties. First it manufactured plutonium for nuclear weapons. Then it generated electricity for the National Grid, until 2003. It also carried out years of fuel reprocessing: extracting uranium and plutonium from nuclear fuel rods after they’d ended their life cycles.
ref: December 15 2022, Samanth Subramanian, “Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site”, in The Guardian:
glosses: The useful life of a product or system; the developmental history of an individual or group in society.
Derived terms: software lifecycle
detached house
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: detached houses
Senses: glosses: A free-standing, single-family dwelling unit that does not share a common wall with any other structure.
Related terms: semi-detached
end of terrace
destroying angel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: destroying angels
Etymology: The mushrooms perhaps from their white angel-like appearance.
Senses: examples: text: The doctors ran some tests and confirmed I'd eaten the destroying angel. I was the third person that year to be admitted after eating one. The two before me hadn't survived.
ref: 2010 November 13, Richard Eshelman, Sophie Haydock, “Experience: I nearly died after eating wild mushrooms”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: You might survive if you eat a destroying angel or death cap, but you’ll probably need a liver transplant.
ref: 2015 November 6, Helen Macdonald, “Sex, Death and Mushrooms”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
synonyms: angel of death
death angel
glosses: Any of a group of four deadly toxic mushrooms in the Amanita genus: Amanita bisporigera, Amanita ocreata, Amanita verna, and Amanita virosa.
examples: text: Again, I wonder with a sudden fear whether it is likely that our good old clergyman can be wrong, and Mr. and Miss Murdstone right, and that all the angels in Heaven can be destroying angels.
ref: 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 4, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:
text: It was terrible, indeed; but so was death, the universal law. And even if the talk should wax still bolder, full of ominous silences and nods, and I should hear named in a whisper the Destroying Angels, how was a child to understand these mysteries.
ref: 1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson, “Story of the Destroying Angel”, in More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 23:
text: Hundred-ton guns were toys compared with the micro-organic projectiles hurled from the laboratories, the messengers of death, the destroying angels that stalked through the empire of a billion souls.
ref: 1914, Jack London, “The Unparalleled Invasion”, in The Strength of the Strong, New York: MacMillan:
text: He unleashed against them his hot anger, his wrath, indignation and hostility— a band of destroying angels.
ref: 2011, Biblica, Holy Bible: New International Version, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, →ISBN, 78:49:
topics: biblical
lifestyle
religion
glosses: In the Hebrew Bible, an entity sent out by God on several occasions to punish opponents.
Hyponyms: taxonomic: Amanita bisporigera
word: eastern North American destroying angel
taxonomic: Amanita ocreata
word: western North American destroying angel
word: spring destroying angel
taxonomic: Amanita verna
word: fool's mushroom
taxonomic: Amanita virosa
word: European destroying angel
peed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -iːd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of pee
Derived terms: peed off
peed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -iːd
Forms: form: peeds
Etymology: Shortening and perhaps respelling to avoid clash with paeds (“paediatrics”).
Senses: glosses: Synonym of paedophile.
synonyms: word: paedophile
undercurrent
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌndəkʌɹ(ə)nt/
ipa: /ˈʌndɚˌkʌɹənt/
Forms: form: undercurrents
form: undercurrenting
form: undercurrented
form: undercurrented
Etymology: From under- + current.
Senses: examples: text: The latter are stoically steady, impervious to the nervousness that still continues to undercurrent the Stock Exchange generally, despite an all-round rally.
ref: 1905, The Electrical Review, volume 56, London: H. Alabaster, Gatehouse & Company, →OCLC, page 154:
text: Her lips hardly moving, every feature steady, she undercurrented my narrative with ejaculations in French, Russian, Italian.
ref: 1927, The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume 139, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, […], →OCLC, page 627, column 2:
text: The emotions undercurrenting the command left her with no doubt that he planned to do as he said.
ref: 1996, Jane Lindskold, Smoke and Mirrors, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN:
text: Mining-wights could be heard at work in the walls, sometimes undercurrented by the drone and whirr of eldritch spinning wheels.
ref: 2005, Cecilia Dart-Thornton, The Well of Tears (The Crowthistle Chronicles; 2), Sydney, N.S.W.: Tor Books, Pan Macmillan Australia, →ISBN; paperback edition, London: Tor, Pan Macmillan, 2006, →ISBN, page 367:
glosses: To flow under some surface.
someday
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: some day
Etymology: Univerbation of some + day.
Senses: examples: text: Transmit the message to the receiver / Hope for an answer someday
ref: 1979, Talking Heads, “Life During Wartime”, in Fear of Music:
synonyms: word: one day
word: byembye
word: hereafter
word: in the future
word: later
word: later on
word: one day
word: one of these days
word: someday
word: sooner or later
glosses: Sometime; at some unspecified time in the future.
azobenzene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: azobenzenes
Etymology: From azo- + benzene.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
synonyms: benzeneazobenzene
glosses: An aromatic azo compound, diphenyl diazene, the basis of many dyes.
overlong
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: over-long
Etymology: From over- + long.
Senses: examples: text: O, hold me not with silence over-long!
ref: 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:
text: As the Island Mindanao lies very convenient for Trade, so considering its distance, the way thither may not be over long and tiresome.
ref: 1697, William Dampier, chapter 13, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 351:
text: Many of the adults had been little apes during his boyhood. He had frolicked and played about this very jungle with them during their brief childhood. He wondered if they would remember him—the memory of some apes is not overlong, and two years may be an eternity to them.
ref: 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 196:
text: So far as this particular service is concerned, there is an overlong interval between the arrival of the car-ferry in Calais at 3.45 p.m. and the departure of the Lyss train from Calais Ville at 6.30 p.m.
ref: 1962 July, Marcus Newman, “By Car-Sleeper to Switzerland”, in Modern Railways, page 41:
text: The next minute the little boy, still in his overlong trousers, was being dragged out of the house by the warden who had him by the ear.
ref: 2004, Andrea Levy, chapter 26, in Small Island, London: Review, page 275:
glosses: Too long; overly long.
Derived terms: overlong vowel
overlong
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more overlong
form: most overlong
form: over-long
Etymology: From over- + long.
Senses: examples: text: […] she casteth the rest into the fire, and there withall sodainely flings herselfe into it: Which is no sooner done, but the people cast great store of Faggots and Billets vpon hir, lest she should languish over-long […]
ref: 1613, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, London: Edward Blount and William Barret, Book 2, Chapter 29, pp. 396-397:
text: […] his wandering restless glance lingered over-long even on his girl cousin, so that his pretty sharp-voiced wife recalled him with a little sneer she slipped sidewise into something else she said.
ref: 1935, Pearl S. Buck, A House Divided, London: Methuen, Part 1, pp. 54-55:
text: He does not need to think overlong to know what the right thing is.
ref: 2002, J. M. Coetzee, chapter 20, in Youth, London: Secker & Warburg, page 165:
glosses: Too long, for an excessively long time.
unshaven
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌnˈʃeɪvən/
rhymes: -eɪvən
Forms: form: unshaved
Etymology: From un- + shaven.
Senses: examples: text: He was an unshaven little man in a threadbare coat like a gaberdine, with his feet in slippers, and I thought him a harmless fool.
ref: 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 201:
text: She was frankly disappointed. For some reason she had expected to discover a burglar of one or another accepted type—either a dashing cracksman in full-blown evening dress, lithe, polished, pantherish, or a common yegg, a red-eyed, unshaven, burly brute in the rags and tatters of a tramp.
ref: 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact), page 382, column 2:
glosses: Not having shaved; not shaven; untrimmed.
examples: text: The recruit's face was smooth but for a single almost imperceptible hair protruding from his chin. "Unshaven!" screamed the officer.
glosses: Unkempt.
grama
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɑːmə/
ipa: /ˈɡɹamə/
Forms: form: gramas
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish grama (“grass”), from Latin grāmina, plural of grāmen (“grass”).
Senses: examples: text: To understand the exquisite beauty of simple green grass, you must travel through eight hundred miles of sage-brush and grama...the latter, a stunted species of herbage, growing in ash tinted spirals, only two inches from the ground, and giving the Plains an appearance of being matted with curled hair or gray corkscrews. Its other name is “buffalo grass”; and in spite of its dinginess, with the assistance of the sage, converting all the Plains west of Fort Kearney into a model Quaker landscape, it is one of the most nutritious varieties of cattle fodder, and for hundreds of miles the emigrant drover’s only dependence.
ref: 1864, Fitz-Hugh Ludlow., The Atlantic:
text: Every few years, Ingrid goes back to take a look, even though all that’s left is the old bleached shell of a house, surrounded by blue grama grass and tall trees with pale bark and waxy leaves.
ref: 2005 October 17, Tom Drury, “Path Lights”, in The New Yorker:
text: The grass was thick around us, grama and bluestem, more than could ever be eaten.
ref: 2013, Philipp Meyer, The Son, Simon & Schuster, published 2014, page 95:
glosses: Various species of grass in the genus Bouteloua, including Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)
Derived terms: gramagrass
reconstructive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From reconstruct + -ive.
Senses: glosses: which reconstructs
Derived terms: reconstructive mortician
reconstructive surgery
halfway
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhæfˈweɪ/
ipa: /hɑːfˈweɪ/
Forms: form: half-way
Etymology: From Middle English halfwey, from Old English healfweġ (“half-way”), equivalent to half- + way. Compare partway.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hoolfwais (“halfway”), Dutch halfweg (“halfway”), German halbwegs (“halfway”), Danish halvvejs (“halfway”), Swedish halvvägs (“halfway”).
Senses: examples: text: I was already halfway home when I missed my keyring.
text: One day has gone by and she's already halfway through the book.
text: It's July 1st, so this year is halfway over.
text: Just over halfway up, we reached the Human settlement with its houses of stone and wood and thatch.
ref: 1989, Octavia E. Butler, “Part III, Chapter 7”, in Imago, page 210:
text: "He comes halfway and I come halfway," said Mr. Korson, 56.
ref: 2010 March 25, Corey Kilgannon, “When Meeting Halfway Means in the Street”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 18 Sep 2024:
text: For Super Bowl visitors, Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens lies about halfway between the Miami and Fort Lauderdale airports.
ref: 2020 January 7, Rebecca Wallwork, “Which South Florida airport should I fly into?”, in CNN:
synonyms: midway
glosses: Half of the way between two points
examples: a halfway decent place to sleep
synonyms: partway
glosses: Moderately; somewhat.
Derived terms: halfway covenant
halfway decent
halfway house
halfway line
halfway model
halfway there
meet halfway
Related terms: halfways
halfway
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhæfˈweɪ/
ipa: /hɑːfˈweɪ/
Forms: form: half-way
Etymology: From Middle English halfwey, from Old English healfweġ (“half-way”), equivalent to half- + way. Compare partway.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hoolfwais (“halfway”), Dutch halfweg (“halfway”), German halbwegs (“halfway”), Danish halvvejs (“halfway”), Swedish halvvägs (“halfway”).
Senses: examples: text: John blacked out at the halfway point of the marathon.
glosses: Middle; midway; being in the middle of the way or distance.
jowly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -aʊli
Forms: form: jowlier
form: jowliest
Etymology: From jowl + -y.
Senses: examples: text: […] his strong jaw renders the face indeed “jowly” rather than oval, consequently the expression is normally hard, though open and not ill-humoured, whilst the smile which comes out of it is pleasant.
ref: 1864, Richard Burton, chapter 9, in A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome, 2nd edition, volume 1, London: Tinsley Brothers, page 233:
text: Over the last few years, the liberal Democratic image of Vice President Richard M. Nixon as a jowly, blue-jawed villain with a ski-jump nose has receded in the light of his growing stature and achievements.
ref: 1960 January 18, “The Old Caricature”, in Time:
text: Nick, or Domenico, was sixty or so now and looked it. He was jowly and paunched and was still Italian enough not to give a damn.
ref: 1980, Anthony Burgess, chapter 61, in Earthly Powers, London: Hutchinson:
glosses: Having conspicuous jowls; with a double chin.
Derived terms: jowliness
shaved
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃeɪvd/
rhymes: -eɪvd
Etymology: From shave + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: Jada Pinkett Smith found herself at the center of conflict when her husband Will Smith slapped comedian Chris Rock at the Oscars ceremony March 27. Rock joked about Pinkett Smith’s shaved head – a look she has said is more than a style preference.
ref: 2022 June 1, Kristen Rogers, “What causes alopecia, a ‘devastating’ hair loss condition affecting Jada Pinkett Smith”, in CNN:
antonyms: unshaved
glosses: Having had a shave.
Derived terms: clean-shaved
shaved female genitalia
shaved ice
shaved
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃeɪvd/
rhymes: -eɪvd
Etymology: From shave + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of shave
azo compound
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: azo compounds
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: an organic compound of the general formula R-N=N-R¹; they are often colored and are the basis of many synthetic dyes; a diazene
drydock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: drydocks
form: dry dock
form: dry-dock
Etymology: From dry + dock.
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A dock that can be drained of water and is used in the repair and construction of ships.
Related terms: caisson
drydock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: drydocks
form: drydocking
form: drydocked
form: drydocked
form: dry dock
form: dry-dock
Etymology: From dry + dock.
Senses: synonyms: word: haul out#Verb
english: [[Appendix:Glossary#loose|loosely]]
translation: [[Appendix:Glossary#loose|loosely]]
glosses: To place (a ship) in a drydock.
diazene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: diazenes
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The compound HN=NH
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any azo compound derived from this simple compound
Synonyms: diimide
diimine
Derived terms: isodiazene
reconstruct
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkt/
Forms: form: reconstructs
form: reconstructing
form: reconstructed
form: reconstructed
Etymology: From re- + construct.
Senses: examples: text: As it was necessary to reconstruct the culvert close to the original position, the hazards of tunnelling through clay in an unstable condition, due to the absorption of water, had to be reduced by the application of electro-osmosis to dry out the material.
ref: 1950 October, “Completion of Flood-Damage Repairs, East Coast Main Line”, in Railway Magazine, page 709:
ref: 2016, Although valuable contributions were made by van der Tuuk, Brandstetter and others during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the foundation-laying work in Austronesian comparative linguistics was provided by Otto Dempwolff (1934-1938), who reconstructed a complete (but inadequate) sound system, and over 2,200 lexical reconstructions in the form of an Austronesian comparative dictionary. […] He did this by selecting just three languages, Tagalog, Toba Batak and Javanese, to reconstruct the phonology of ‘Uraustronesisch’ (Dempwolff 1934), and then testing the adequacy of this reconstruction with eight other languages scattered from Madagascar to Samoa (Dempwolff 1937), Austronesian Comparative Dictionary:
text: [...] after the original Victorian station was demolished and then entombed in concrete in the 1960s, Birmingham New Street became a byword for the worst excesses of the much-loathed Brutalist architecture so widely used to reconstruct inner-city post-war Britain.
ref: 2020 July 29, Paul Stephen, “A new collaboration centred on New Street”, in Rail, page 54:
glosses: To construct again; to restore.
glosses: To attempt to understand an event by recreating or talking through the circumstances.
Related terms: reconstruction
Reconstruction
reconstructive
deduce
extrapolate
infer
diazine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: diazines
Etymology: di- + az(ote) + -ine
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any six-membered aromatic heterocycle containing four carbon atoms, two nitrogen atoms and three double bonds
glosses: diazene, diimide
Derived terms: oxadiazine
sulfadiazine
sulfametoxydiazine
Related terms: diazene
pyrazine
pyridazine
pyrimidine
jowls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jowl
urinated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of urinate
diazo
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -æzəʊ
Etymology: From di- + azo.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Containing a pair of double bonded nitrogen atoms, typically directly attached to an aryl group.
Derived terms: diazo compound
diazoethane
diazoimine
diazonaphthoquinone
diazo reaction
Related terms: azo
diazonium
phenyldiazomethane
polyazo
triazo
diazo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -æzəʊ
Forms: form: diazos
Etymology: From di- + azo.
Senses: examples: text: Some diazos are dyes.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any compound of this type.
diazonium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -əʊniəm
Forms: form: diazoniums
Etymology: Blend of diazo + ammonium
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: any univalent cation, of general formula R-N₂⁺; diazonium salts are used to manufacture azo dyes, and take part in the Sandmeyer reaction
Derived terms: alkanediazonium
arenediazonium
aryldiazonium
diazonium compound
diazonium salt
impulses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɪmpʌlsɪz/
Senses: glosses: plural of impulse
selfishness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛl.fɪʃ.nəs/
Forms: form: selfishnesses
Etymology: From selfish + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: This common faith or set of aspirations, he added, could also help Americans transcend their selfishnesses and follies and promote a world civil religion given to justice and hope.
ref: 1988 March 5, Martin E. Marty, “FRONT-PAGE RELIGION”, in The New York Times:
text: And he knows that Patrick can afford to complain about his mother’s minor selfishness but he cannot afford to engage with the idea of his own father at all.
ref: 2014 February 17, Dan Callahan, “Looking Recap: Versatility”, in Vulture:
antonyms: selflessness
glosses: The quality of being selfish, the condition of putting one's own interests before those of others.
Hyponyms: hedonism
Epicureanism
Cyrenaicism
Derived terms: rational selfishness
Paco
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: -ækəʊ
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish Paco, diminutive of Spanish Francisco. See also Spanish Pancho.
Senses: glosses: A male given name from Spanish.
glosses: A district of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Mankayan, Benguet, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Obando, Bulacan, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Botolan, Zambales, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Gubat, Sorsogon, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Quinapondan, Eastern Samar, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Las Navas, Northern Samar, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Paranas, Samar, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines.
glosses: A barangay of Mainit, Surigao del Norte, Philippines.
glosses: A volcano in Surigao del Norte, Caraga, Mindanao, Philippines.
lighten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlaɪ.tn̩/
ipa: [ˈlaɪtn̩]
ipa: [ˈlaɪʔn̩]
rhymes: -aɪtən
Forms: form: lightens
form: lightening
form: lightened
form: lightened
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: lighten
form: lighten
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: lightenest
form: lightened
form: lightenedst
form: lightens
form: lighteneth
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: -
form: lightening
form: lightened
Etymology: From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light + -en.
Senses: examples: text: to lighten an apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets
text: A Key of fire ran all along the shore,
And lighten’d all the river with the blaze:
ref: 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, London: Henry Herringman, stanza 231, p. 59:
synonyms: light up
glosses: To make brighter or clearer; to illuminate.
glosses: To become brighter or clearer; to brighten.
examples: text: Enter the Conjurer; it lightens and thunders […]
ref: c. 1590 (date written), G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], London: […] Iohn Danter, for Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, […], published 1595, →OCLC, [line 500]:
text: […] this dreadful night,
That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars
As doth the lion.
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals):
text: While we were in the Twins it began to thunder and lighten and pour with rain.
ref: 1986, Helen Garner, Yellow Notebook: Diaries 1978-1987, Text Publishing, published 2022, page 182:
glosses: To flash lightning, to give off lightning.
examples: text: […] behold his eye,
As bright as is the eagle’s, lightens forth
Controlling majesty:
ref: 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene 3]:
glosses: To emit or disclose in, or as if in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning.
examples: text: O Light which mak’st the Light, which makes the Day,
Which setst the Eye without and Mind within,
Lighten my spirit with one cleare heavenly ray,
Which now to view it selfe doth first begin.
ref: 1599, John Davies, “Of the Soule of man, and the immortalitie thereof”, in Nosce Teipsum. This Oracle Expounded in Two Elegies, London: John Standish, page 10:
synonyms: enlighten
glosses: To illuminate with knowledge.
Derived terms: alighten
forlighten
lightener
lighten up
outlighten
overlighten
relighten
unlightened
lighten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlaɪ.tn̩/
ipa: [ˈlaɪtn̩]
ipa: [ˈlaɪʔn̩]
rhymes: -aɪtən
Forms: form: lightens
form: lightening
form: lightened
form: lightened
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: lighten
form: lighten
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: lightenest
form: lightened
form: lightenedst
form: lightens
form: lighteneth
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: lightened
form: lighten
form: -
form: lightening
form: lightened
Etymology: From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light + -en.
Senses: examples: text: Sorrow can be lightened by being openly brought out.
text: She cites a 2015 British poll conducted by the Family Holiday Association that found vacations can serve as “happiness anchors” that provide memories of familial joy to lighten the burdens of adulthood.
ref: 2019 February 1, J. C. Garden, “Interrogating innocence: “Childhood” as exclusionary social practice”, in Childhood, volume 26, number 1, page 55:
glosses: To alleviate; to reduce the burden of.
glosses: To make light or lighter in weight.
examples: text: They looked unto him, were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 34:5:
glosses: To make less serious or more cheerful.
glosses: To become light or lighter in weight.
glosses: To become less serious or more cheerful.
Derived terms: lighten someone's purse
lighten up
lighten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlaɪ.tn̩/
ipa: [ˈlaɪtn̩]
ipa: [ˈlaɪʔn̩]
rhymes: -aɪtən
Forms: form: lightens
form: lightening
form: lightened
form: lightened
Etymology: From light + -en.
Senses: examples: Book of Common Prayer
O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us.
glosses: To descend; to light.
Related terms: alight
Tyrannosaurus rex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /taɪˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/
/təˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/
Forms: form: Tyrannosaurus rex
form: Tyrannosaurus rexes
form: Tyrannosauri reges
form: Tyrannosaurus Rex
form: tyrannosaurus rex
Senses: examples: text: Some of the most spectacular beasts in East Coast museums happen to be Tyrannosaurus rexes from Montana.
ref: 1999, Fred Setterberg, America: True Stories of Life on the Road, →ISBN, page 244:
text: "Now, Dr. Richgels, you picked a folder from the story box. Could you show us the one that you picked?" Mine shows two Tyrannosaurus rexes fighting […]
ref: 2003, Donald J. Richgels, Going to Kindergarten: A Year with an Outstanding Teacher, →ISBN, page 222:
text: So Lyell's view is not inconsistent with Dollo's Law of Irreversibility in that, under awful (i.e., evolutionary) changes, biological organisms would not follow the same unlikely path regenerating, say, DNA-exact Tyrannosaurus rexes from ancestral chicken stock in some future age.
ref: 2009, Allen A. Debus, Prehistoric Monsters: The Real and Imagined Creatures of the Past, →ISBN, page 251:
glosses: A giant carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous period.
Synonyms: T-rex
T. Rex
T.-rex
T. rex
T-Rex
T.-Rex
Related terms: Nanotyrannus
nanotyrannus
saturnalia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsætəˈneɪli.ə/
ipa: /ˌsætɚˈneɪli.ə/
ipa: /ˌsætɚˈneɪljə/
Forms: form: saturnalias
form: Saturnalia
Etymology: From Saturnalia (“a festival of the winter solstice”).
Senses: examples: text: a man who mounts the Hustings, must not allow himself to be sore-boned, or he invites his opponents to 'touch him on the raw,' not in the exercise of their malice, but their power; an election is a saturnalia."
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LXX, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 260:
text: They lodged men and women on the same floor; and with the night there began a saturnalia of debauchery—scenes such as never before had been witnessed in America.
ref: 1905 April–October, Upton Sinclair, chapter XXVI, in The Jungle, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 26 February 1906, →OCLC:
text: If at the birth of the Latin kings their fathers were really unknown, the fact points either to a general looseness of life in the royal family or to a special relaxation of moral rules on certain occasions, when men and women reverted for a season to the licence of an earlier age. Such Saturnalias are not uncommon at some stages of social evolution.
ref: 1922, James Frazer, chapter 14, in The Golden Bough:
text: Yet if he remained, it would simply mean that his own and Hagthorpe's crews would join in the saturnalia and increase the hideousness of events now inevitable.
ref: 1922, Rafael Sabatini, chapter XXVIII, in Captain Blood: His Odyssy:
text: It was a raw, violent, guzzling saturnalia that spilled obstreperously through the woods to the officers' club and spread up into the hills toward the hospital and the antiaircraft-gun emplacements.
ref: 1961, Joseph Heller, chapter 34, in Catch-22:
text: We advanced into the main hall, already aroar with a saturnalia of sozzled gestures and gibbering.
ref: 2001, Chip Kidd, The Cheese Monkeys:
glosses: A period or occasion of general license, in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence; a period of unrestrained revelry.
Derived terms: saturnalian
Related terms: Saturn
saturnian
bacchanalia
dionysia
satyrism
tortuous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɔːt͡ʃuːəs/
ipa: /ˈtɔɹt͡ʃuəs/
Forms: form: more tortuous
form: most tortuous
Etymology: From Middle English tortuous, tortuose, from Anglo-Norman and Old French tortuos, from Latin tortuōsus, from tortus (“a twisting, winding”).
Senses: examples: text: The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick.
ref: 1848, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume 1, Porter & Coates, page 243:
text: The Southern acquired them because the little Class "B4" 0-4-0 tanks were finding heavy modern rolling stock more and more of a handful, and at war's end the railway had nothing of suitable power but short wheelbase on its books to take their place on the more tortuous of the dock lines.
ref: 1959 February, G. Freeman Allen, “Southampton—Gateway to the Ocean”, in Trains Illustrated, page 91:
text: 2007 October 6, “Slogging on the Home Front”, editorial in The New York Times,
It still takes almost half a year for the average veteran’s claim for disability benefits to be decided in a tortuous process that can involve four separate hearings.
text: But the early Tubes still tended to follow the public streets in order to save money, hence some tortuous curves.
ref: 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 109:
glosses: Twisted; having many turns; convoluted.
examples: text: Infortunate ascendent tortuous.
ref: 1872, Walter William Skeat, Chaucer's A Treatise on the Astrolabe:
topics: astrology
human-sciences
mysticism
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Oblique; applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from Capricorn to Gemini) that ascend most rapidly and obliquely.
glosses: Injurious; tortious.
evasively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more evasively
form: most evasively
Etymology: From evasive + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an evasive manner.
noblemen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of nobleman
ammo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæ.məʊ/
ipa: /ˈa.məʊ/
ipa: /ˈæ.moʊ/
rhymes: -æməʊ
Forms: form: ammos
Etymology: Clipping of ammunition + -o.
Senses: examples: text: Under fire when this magazine is emptied you shout for “ammo” but perhaps No. 2, the ammo carrier, is lying in the rear with a bullet through his napper. Then it's “napoo-fini” (Tommy's French) for Mr. Lewis.
ref: 1917, Arthur Guy Empey, “Lewis Gun”, in Over the Top, G. P. Putnam's, page 297:
text: We walked onto the racecourse like a pair of Wyatt Earps, cashed up and plenty of ammo and we walked off like a pair of Elmer Fudds, out of `buwwets'.
ref: 1995, Paul Vautin, Turn It Up!, Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia, page 110:
text: As with handguns and rifles, some ammos are more accurate than others.
ref: 2011, Mark Brannon, Tom Hanrahan, Shooting Sporting Clays, page 39:
glosses: Ammunition.
topics: gambling
games
glosses: Chips or money, usually at a casino.
Derived terms: ammo belt
ammo humper
ammosexual