cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
groan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəʊn/
enpr: ʹgrōn
ipa: /ɡɹoʊn/
homophone: grown
rhymes: -əʊn
Forms: form: groans
form: groane
form: grane
form: grain
form: graen
Etymology: From Middle English gronen, granen, from Old English grānian (“to groan; lament; murmur”), from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną (“to howl; weep”), from Proto-Germanic *grīnaną (“to whine; howl; whimper”).
Cognate with Scots grain (“to cry, scream”), Dutch grijnen, grienen (“to cry; sob; blubber”), German Low German grienen (“to whimper; mewl”), German greinen (“to whine; whimper”), Swedish grina (“to howl; weep; laugh”).
The noun is from Middle English gron, grone, from the verb.
Senses: glosses: A low, mournful sound uttered in pain or grief.
glosses: A low, guttural sound uttered in frustration, disapproval, or ecstasy.
glosses: A low creaking sound from applied pressure or weight.
raw_tags: of an object
groan
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəʊn/
enpr: ʹgrōn
ipa: /ɡɹoʊn/
homophone: grown
rhymes: -əʊn
Forms: form: groans
form: groaning
form: groaned
form: groaned
form: groane
form: grane
form: grain
form: graen
Etymology: From Middle English gronen, granen, from Old English grānian (“to groan; lament; murmur”), from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną (“to howl; weep”), from Proto-Germanic *grīnaną (“to whine; howl; whimper”).
Cognate with Scots grain (“to cry, scream”), Dutch grijnen, grienen (“to cry; sob; blubber”), German Low German grienen (“to whimper; mewl”), German greinen (“to whine; whimper”), Swedish grina (“to howl; weep; laugh”).
The noun is from Middle English gron, grone, from the verb.
Senses: examples: text: We groaned at his awful jokes.
text: The wooden table groaned under the weight of the banquet.
text: My Lord of Hereford here whom you call King, / Is a foule traitour to proud Herefords King, / And if you crowne him let me propheſie, / The bloud of Engliſh ſhall manure the ground, / And future ages groane for this foule act, [...]
ref: 1595 December 9 (first known performance), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedie of King Richard the Second. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Simmes for Androw Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
text: Designed to accommodate 60,000 people per day in the 1960s, the main concourse, entrances and passageways around the station were by then positively groaning under the weight of more than 140,000 passengers every 24 hours.
ref: 2020 July 29, Paul Stephen, “A new collaboration centred on New Street”, in Rail, page 54:
glosses: To make a groan.
examples: text: That night the table in the outer dining room was just groaning with good things.
ref: 1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co., page 14, column 1:
text: Bookshelves groan under the bloated weight of tomes detailing Great Straight Marriages.
ref: 1979 February 10, John Mitzel, “Crimes of Passion”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 28, page 13:
glosses: To seemingly creak under the strain of being heavily laden.
examples: text: Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, / Or that which groaneth to be so.
ref: [1633], George Herbert, edited by [Nicholas Ferrar], The Temple. Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To strive after earnestly, as if with groans.
Derived terms: sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: agroan
sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: begroan
sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: groaner
sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: groanful
sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: groanless
sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: groansome
sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: groanworthy
sense: Derived from noun or verb
word: groany
aggie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -æɡi
Forms: form: aggies
Etymology: From agate + -ie.
Senses: examples: text: Mrs. Collins. Never seen so many children out. Snowmen in every yard this year.
Billy. Look at mine, Mr Willis. Got a baseball for a nose and my best aggies for eyes.
Mr. Willis. Yeah, marbles are fine—but in my day we used coal.
ref: 1950, The Martian Chronicles, Ray Bradbury
text: Most of the time it went fine; some of his classmates had so many marbles they could have opened up their own shop in smurfs, pirates, purple aggies and pink panthers.
ref: 1999, Abdelkader Benali, Susan Massotty, Wedding by the Sea, page 60:
glosses: Marble or a marble made of agate, or one that looks as if it were made of agate.
aggie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -æɡi
Forms: form: aggies
Etymology: From agricultural + -ie.
Senses: glosses: An agricultural school, such as one of the state land-grant colleges.
glosses: A student or alumnus of such a school.
aggie
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -æɡi
Forms: form: more aggie
form: most aggie
Senses: examples: text: I got aggie like a motherfucker.
ref: 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 191:
glosses: Alternative form of aggy.
stash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /stæʃ/
homophone: stache
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: stashes
Etymology: Unknown. Perhaps a blend of stick + cache or stow + cache.
Senses: examples: text: They had quite a stash of food saved up for emergencies.
glosses: A collection, sometimes hidden; a reserve.
examples: text: The dealers managed to store the dope in the stash just in time to avoid being caught by the police.
qualifier: African-American Vernacular
glosses: A place where drugs are stored.
examples: text: We've now ordered stash for everyone who said they wanted some.
glosses: Clothing or other items branded with a particular university club or society's logo.
examples: text: My stash is mostly unfinished objects on the needles. I have one bag of yarn that I bought to make a coat.
ref: 2021, Julie Cicora, Contemplative Knitting, page 131:
topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
glosses: A collection of yarn or other materials not yet allocated to any particular craft project.
stash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /stæʃ/
homophone: stache
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: stashes
form: stashing
form: stashed
form: stashed
Etymology: Unknown. Perhaps a blend of stick + cache or stow + cache.
Senses: examples: text: He stashed his liquor in the cabinet under the bar.
text: “Landlord,” said I, “tell him to stash his tomahawk there, or pipe, or whatever you call it; tell him to stop smoking, in short, and I will turn in with him.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 3, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 27:
text: All of the Do The Right Thing characters who are caught up in the quagmire of racial politics are male, while the women in the movie […] are all safely stashed away in their domestic spaces.
ref: 1989 August 12, Phil Harper, “Why It's So Hard To Talk About This Movie”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 5, page 10:
synonyms: hive up
glosses: To hide or store away for later use.
Derived terms: stash away
stash it
stash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /stæʃ/
homophone: stache
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: stashes
form: 'stache
form: stache
Etymology: Apheretic clipping of mustache.
Senses: glosses: A mustache.
Related terms: 'tache
tache
tash
homeless shelter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: homeless shelters
Senses: hyponyms: night shelter
glosses: A building set up to provide for the needs of homeless people; often including shelter, food, sanitation and other forms of support.
glosses: A sanctuary for the temporary housing of domesticated animals without a home.
sturdy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɜːdi/
ipa: /ˈstɜrdi/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)di
Forms: form: sturdier
form: sturdiest
Etymology: From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.
Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.
Senses: examples: text: a sturdy oak tree
text: He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy then dainty.
ref: 1657, Henry Wotton, Characters of some Kings of England:
glosses: Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.
examples: text: It was a sturdy building, able to withstand strong winds and cold weather.
text: The dog was sturdy and could work all day without getting tired.
text: Diana’s most recent romantic adventure at that time was with the sturdy hunk Will Carling, captain of the England rugby team, whom she had met in 1995 working out at the Chelsea Harbor Club gym.
ref: April 5 2022, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair:
glosses: Solid in structure or person.
examples: text: This must be done, and I would fain see / Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay.
ref: 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 2:
text: [A] ſturdy, hardned Sinner ſhall advance to the utmoſt pitch of Impiety with leſs difficulty, leſs reluctance of Mind, than perhaps he took the firſt ſteps in Wickedneſs, whilſt his Conſcience was yet Vigilant and Tender.
ref: 1705 November 8 (Gregorian calendar), Francis Atterbury, “A Standing Revelation, the Best Means of Conviction. A Sermon Preach’d before Her Majesty, at St. James’s Chapel, on Sunday, October 28. 1705, being the Festival of St. Simon and St. Jude.”, in Fourteen Sermons Preach’d on Several Occasions. […], London: […] E. P. [Edmund Parker?] for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1708, →OCLC, page 339:
glosses: Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn.
examples: text: a man of sturdy piety or patriotism
glosses: Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality.
Synonyms: hardy
Derived terms: get sturdy
sturdily
sturdiness
sturdy beggar
sturdy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɜːdi/
ipa: /ˈstɜrdi/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)di
Etymology: From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.
Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.
Senses: synonyms: gid
turnsick
glosses: A disease caused by a coenurus infestation in the brain of an animal, especially a sheep or canid; coenurosis.
Derived terms: sturdied
civilized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪv.ɪ.laɪzd/
Forms: form: more civilized
form: most civilized
form: civilised
Senses: examples: text: In the year 1521, when Cortez reached Anahuac, the American bison was seen for the first time by civilized Europeans, if we may be permitted to thus characterize the horde of blood thirsty plunder seekers who fought their way to the Aztec capital.
ref: 1889, William T. Hornaday, The Extermination of the American Bison:
text: Like the wolf, man the hunter in killing the weak and unfit, actually works to maintain the health of the herd. But civilized man is quite a different animal, and when he wipes out an entire city or levels a forest, he is no longer working within the natural balance of things.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 196:
glosses: Having a highly developed society or culture; belonging to civilization.
glosses: Showing evidence of moral and intellectual advancement; humane, reasonable, ethical.
examples: text: A waiter brought his aperitif, which was a small scotch and soda, and as he sipped it gratefully he sighed.
 ‘Civilized,’ he said to Mr. Campion. ‘Humanizing.’ […]‘Cigars and summer days and women in big hats with swansdown face-powder, that's what it reminds me of.’
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
glosses: Marked by refinement in taste and manners.
Derived terms: civilizedly
civilizedness
hypercivilized
noncivilized
overcivilized
precivilized
semicivilized
subcivilized
supercivilized
ultracivilized
uncivilized
civilized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪv.ɪ.laɪzd/
Forms: form: civilised
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of civilize
Related terms: civil
civilize
detrimental
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛtɹɪˈmɛntəl/
Forms: form: more detrimental
form: most detrimental
Etymology: From Medieval Latin *dētrīmentālis, from Latin dētrīmentum (“harm”), from dēterō (“to rub off, wear”), from dē- (“down, away”) + terō (“to rub or grab”).
Senses: examples: text: Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health.
text: "The fact is," continued he, "Lady Anne fears that my visits here may prove detrimental to what she considers your best interests. I thought myself an old, safe friend; but, as that cannot be explained to every body, she fears that I may keep off other and more eligible lovers."
ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, pages 142–143:
text: It agrees that redundant services should not be continued but is not unmindful of the fact that too much retrenchment of rail services now may ultimately prove detrimental to the economy of the country.
ref: 1955 June, “Notes and News: Redundant Branches and Stations”, in Railway Magazine, page 434:
text: Decisions made at the DfT inevitably reflect a London-centric experience, with a comparison being made with the closure of ticket offices throughout the London Underground network. This is not judged to have been detrimental, but there is a simple zonal fares system that is hardly comparable with the range of ticket types used on the national rail network.
ref: 2023 July 26, 'Industry Insider', “Ticket offices RIP?”, in RAIL, number 988, page 68:
synonyms: word: harmful
word: damaging
word: injurious
word: harmful
word: damaging
word: deleterious
word: detrimental
word: hurtful
word: inimical
word: injurious
word: mischievous
word: nocent
word: nocuous
word: noxious
word: noisome
word: prejudicial
word: scathand
word: scathel
word: sullen
word: venom
antonyms: beneficial
glosses: Causing damage or harm.
Derived terms: detrimentally
detrimentalness
nondetrimental
undetrimental
Related terms: detriment
detrimental
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛtɹɪˈmɛntəl/
Forms: form: detrimentals
Etymology: From Medieval Latin *dētrīmentālis, from Latin dētrīmentum (“harm”), from dēterō (“to rub off, wear”), from dē- (“down, away”) + terō (“to rub or grab”).
Senses: examples: text: The definition of a parasite is a microbe that lives in you or on you to its benefit and to your detriment. In other words, the detrimentals suck the life out of you.
ref: 2012, Dr. Frank Springob, Bugs in My Brain, Poison on My Plate, page 137:
text: I'm afraid it may be the detrimentals, the poets, and æsthetes, and impressionist painters, who will rave about her.
ref: 2022, M. E. Braddon, Beyond These Voices:
glosses: Anything harmful.
formality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːrˈmælɪti/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈfɔ(r)mal(ɪ)ʈi/
rhymes: -ælɪti
Forms: form: formalities
Etymology: From Middle French formalité. equivalent to formal + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: [S]uch an one […] recalls as a vision of Paradise the land he has learnt to love; he exaggerates the insalubrity of a northern climate; he bewails the wretched formality of our civilised life, and so, back to the distant solitudes flies his recollection like a dove to the wilderness.
ref: 1874, Georg August Schweinfurth, chapter I, in Ellen E. Frewer, transl., The Heart of Africa: Three Years' Travels and Adventures in the Unexplored Regions of Central Africa, from 1868 to 1871, second edition, volume I, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, And Searle, translation of Im Herzen von Afrika, Botanical Ardour:
glosses: The state of being formal.
glosses: Something said or done as a matter of form.
examples: text: The examination for priesthood is no mere formality, so we have to study well.
glosses: A customary ritual without substance, real consequence, or unique meaning.
glosses: A specific requirement for obtaining a legal status, conducting a transaction, etc.
Derived terms: semiformality
intelligentsia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪntɛlɪˈd͡ʒɛntsɪə/
ipa: /ɪntɛləˈd͡ʒɛn(t)si.ə/
ipa: /ɪntɛləˈɡɛn(t)si.ə/
ipa: /ɪntɛlɪˈɡɛntsɪə/
Forms: form: intelligentsias
Etymology: From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija) or Polish inteligencja, from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of intelligence.
Senses: examples: text: […] среди рабочих растет страстное стремление к знанию и к социализму, среди рабочих выделяются настоящие герои, которые — несмотря на безобразную обстановку своей жизни, несмотря на отупляющую каторжную работу на фабрике, — находят в себе столько характера и силы воли, чтобы учиться, учиться и учиться и вырабатывать из себя сознательных социалдемократов, «рабочую интеллигенцию». В России уже есть эта «рабочая интеллигенция», и мы должны приложить все усилия к тому, чтобы ее ряды постоянно расширялись, чтобы ее высокие умственные запросы вполне удовлетворялись, чтобы из ее рядов выходили руководители русской социал-демократической рабочей партии.
ref: 1967 [1899], Vladimir Lenin, “Попятное направление в русской социал-демократии”, in Ленин В. И. ― Полное собрание сочинений, volume 4, page 269; English translation from “A Retrograde Trend in Russian Social-Democracy”, in Lenin's Collected Works, volume 4, translation of original in Russian, 1977, pages 280-281:
roman: […] sredi rabočix rastet strastnoje stremlenije k znaniju i k socializmu, sredi rabočix vydeljajutsja nastojaščije geroi, kotoryje — nesmotrja na bezobraznuju obstanovku svojej žizni, nesmotrja na otupljajuščuju katoržnuju rabotu na fabrike, — naxodjat v sebe stolʹko xaraktera i sily voli, štoby učitʹsja, učitʹsja i učitʹsja i vyrabatyvatʹ iz sebja soznatelʹnyx socialdemokratov, «rabočuju intelligenciju». V Rossii uže jestʹ eta «rabočaja intelligencija», i my dolžny priložitʹ vse usilija k tomu, štoby jeje rjady postojanno rasširjalisʹ, štoby jeje vysokije umstvennyje zaprosy vpolne udovletvorjalisʹ, štoby iz jeje rjadov vyxodili rukovoditeli russkoj social-demokratičeskoj rabočej partii.
text: It should be noted that there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense "Left". Perhaps the last right-wing intellectual was T. E. Lawrence. Since about 1930 everyone describable as an “intellectual” has lived in a state of chronic discontent with the existing order.
ref: 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:
topics: government
politics
glosses: The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.
Related terms: unintelligentsia
all out
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: —Do you have any more of those heirloom tomatoes? —Sorry, we're all out.
glosses: Synonym of out (“having depleted stocks”) (intensive but synonymous).
synonyms: word: out
extra: (“having depleted stocks”) (intensive but synonymous)
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The state of a side having no more men to bat, thus ending its innings.
glosses: Alternative form of all-out (“comprehensive: using every means or covering every aspect”).
all out
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: glosses: With maximum effort.
glosses: Without regard for risk.
examples: text: Oh, bedad! He was all out the worst sight ever came across ould Ireland
ref: 1840, The Sea: Narratives of Adventure and Shipwreck, Tales and Sketches:
text: Intemperate Venus is all out as bad in the other extreame^([sic]).
ref: 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
glosses: Altogether; by far.
Derived terms: go all out
all rounder
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: all rounders
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of all-rounder.
around the wicket
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Forms: form: round the wicket
Senses: topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Bowling the ball from the side of the wicket that puts the bowler's bowling hand farther from the wicket
over the wicket
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: bowling the ball from the side of the wicket that puts the bowler's bowling hand closer to the wicket
feygele
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /feɪɡələ/
Forms: form: feygeles
form: faygele
form: faygeleh
form: feygeleh
form: fegele
form: fegeleh
form: faygelah
Etymology: From Yiddish פֿייגעלע (feygele), a diminutive of פֿויגל (foygl, “bird”), from Old High German fogal. Cognate with English fowl.
Senses: examples: text: When will they introduce a scantily clad, ultrabuff, humpa-hunka burn'n all-man studflesh to give us feigellas a reason to watch?
ref: 1999 September 24, cor...@frogger.telerama.com, “Our Commodification”, in soc.motss (Usenet):
glosses: A man who is or who is thought to be homosexual.
glosses: A very young girl.
glosses: A little bird.
baked beans
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: synonyms: cowboy caviar
glosses: A food consisting of beans baked or stewed in a usually tomato-based sauce.
Hyponyms: Boston baked beans
New England baked beans
letterpress
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛtɚˌpɹɛs/
Forms: form: letterpresses
Etymology: From letter + press.
Senses: topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: The printing process in which ink is applied to the top surface of a raised image area, which is then pressed against paper to transfer the image.
topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: Printing directly from type, in distinction from printing from plates.
topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: A machine used for such printing.
Derived terms: letterpressed
nonletterpress
particular
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/
note: non-rhotic
ipa: /pəˈtɪk.jə.lə/
note: rhotic
ipa: /pɚˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
ipa: /pɑrˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
note: US, Canada, rhotic, r-dissimilation
ipa: /pəˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
note: Indic
ipa: /pə(r)ˈʈɪk(j)ʊlə(r)/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈpɑ(r)ʈɪk(j)ʊlə(r)/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈpɜ(r)-/
rhymes: -ɪkjʊlə(ɹ)
Forms: form: particulars
form: perticular
Etymology: From Middle English particuler, from Anglo-Norman particuler, Middle French particuler, particulier, from Late Latin particularis (“partial; separate, individual”), from Latin particula (“(small) part”). Equivalent to particle + -ar. Compare particle.
Senses: examples: text: I did not omit even our Sports and Paſtimes, or any other Particular which I thought might redound to the Honour of my Country.
ref: 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “Several Contrivances of the Author to Please the King and Queen. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 259:
glosses: A small individual part of something larger; a detail, a point.
examples: text: Since philosophy could never find any way for tranquillity that might be generally good, let every man in his particular seeke for it.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 16, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
text: temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public[…]or such as concern our particular
ref: 1658, Henry Hammond, Whole Duty of Man:
glosses: A person's own individual case.
examples: text: When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.
ref: 1912, Bertrand Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A particular case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. (Opposed to generals, universals.)
Derived terms: bill of particulars
London particular
Related terms: universal
for one's particular
goodnight
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Etymology: From good + night.
Senses: examples: text: I pray you ſpeake not: he growes worſe & worſe / Queſtion enrages him: at once, goodnight.
ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], page 142, column 2:
text: So goodnight to you—and goodnight, Councilor.
ref: 1914 September – 1915 May, Arthur Conan Doyle, “Lodge 341, Vermissa”, in The Valley of Fear: A Sherlock Holmes Novel, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, published 27 February 1915, →OCLC, part II (The Scowrers), page 213:
ref: 1932, Goodnight, Vienna:
glosses: Alternative spelling of good night.
Derived terms: goodnight nurse
goodnight
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: goodnights
Etymology: From good + night.
Senses: examples: text: At last the pupils had all taken their hats and said their “Goodnights,” and Adam, knowing his old master's habits, rose and said, “Shall I put the candles out, Mr. Massey?”
ref: 1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], Adam Bede […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:
text: The afternoon passed into evening, and the sparrows began to twitter their goodnights in their lodgings on the roof and crevices of the chimney; […]
ref: 1873, E. H. D. Kay, Emma Simonet, Twilight Stories, page 153:
text: George wakes, hearing the confused goodnights of the departing guests.
ref: 1919, Monica M. Gardner, The Anonymous Poet of Poland: Zygmunt Krasinski, page 114:
text: Ray and Josh spoke their goodnights.
ref: 1999, Wanda Coleman, Mambo Hips and Make Believe: A Novel, →ISBN, page 100:
glosses: An instance of saying “good night”; a nighttime farewell.
goodnight
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: goodnights
form: goodnighting
form: goodnighted
form: goodnighted
Etymology: From good + night.
Senses: examples: text: With each one goodnighted / Including the pup, / Baby is sleeping / Bottom up.
ref: 1961 January 29, Annie Kendall, “Parade Rest”, in The Christian: International Weekly of the Christian Churches (Disciples of Christ), volume 99, number 5, St. Louis, Mo.: The Christian Board of Publication, page (155) 27:
text: Then he goodnighted me, I changed into pyjamas and in a trice was sleeping the sleep of the unjust, which is quite as dreamless as the sleep of the just if the unjust sleeper has a litre of Red Hackle on his bedside table.
ref: 1979, Kyril Bonfiglioli, “After you with the pistol”, in The Mortdecai Trilogy, Black Spring Press, published 1991, pages 338–339:
text: After eight hours of intense viewing, o-o-hing, and scribbling down plant names and ideas, a spent group of participants returned to our cars, goodnighted, and went our separate ways.
ref: 2010 fall, Jo Laskowski, “Hardy Fern Foundation Garden Tour, August 2010”, in Hardy Fern Foundation Quarterly, volume 20, number 4, page 85:
glosses: Alternative spelling of good-night.
laryngeal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/
ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/
rhymes: -ɪndʒiəl
rhymes: -ɪnʒiəl
rhymes: -ɪndʒəl
rhymes: -iːəl
Forms: form: laryngal
Etymology: Derived from New Latin laryngeus + -al, from larynx (“larynx”) + -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- + -al or -ial.
Senses: examples: text: At sight of it there commenced a series of laryngeal spasms, with clutchings at his throat, far more violent than any I had heretofore seen.
ref: 1871, S. G. Cook, “A Case of Hydrophobia”, in William A. Hammond, editor, The Journal of Psychological Medicine: Diseases of the Nervous System, Medical Jurisprudence and Anthropology, volume 5, page 83:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Of or pertaining to the larynx.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
glosses: (of a speech sound) Made by or with constriction of the larynx with only the front part of the vocal cords vibrating, giving a very low frequency and producing what is known as "creaky voice."
Derived terms: alaryngeal
circumlaryngeal
endolaryngeal
epilaryngeal
extralaryngeal
glossolabiolaryngeal
hyolaryngeal
hypolaryngeal
intralaryngeal
laryngeal artery
laryngealize
laryngealized
laryngeally
laryngeal nerve
laryngeal pouch
laryngeal prominence
laryngeal sac
laryngeal saccule
microlaryngeal
nonlaryngeal
orolaryngeal
otolaryngeal
perilaryngeal
pharyngolaryngeal
postlaryngeal
prelaryngeal
retrolaryngeal
sublaryngeal
supralaryngeal
superlaryngeal
tracheolaryngeal
translaryngeal
laryngeal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/
ipa: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/
ipa: /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/
rhymes: -ɪndʒiəl
rhymes: -ɪnʒiəl
rhymes: -ɪndʒəl
rhymes: -iːəl
Forms: form: laryngeals
form: laryngal
Etymology: Derived from New Latin laryngeus + -al, from larynx (“larynx”) + -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- + -al or -ial.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: An anatomical part (such as a nerve or artery) that supplies or is associated with the larynx.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
glosses: A sound uttered by using the larynx.
examples: text: The vowel-coloring effects of the IH laryngeals cannot be considered apart from the vowel-reducing effect of the IH stress accent[…]
ref: 1940, J. Alexander Kerns, Benjamin Schwartz, “The Laryngeal Hypothesis and Indo-Hittite, Indo-European Vocalism”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, volume 60, number 2, →DOI, page 183:
text: […]it is not only different from Buck's in the linguistics (laryngeals have seen to that); it is very different in scope and aim.
ref: 1995, Andrew L. Sihler, New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page viii:
text: Finally, it should be noted that laryngeals not adjacent to syllabics were apparently deleted by three different rules.
ref: 2006, Donald Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 15:
qualifier: Indo-European linguistics
glosses: In Proto-Indo-European, one of the typically three reconstructed consonants usually marked as ⟨h₁⟩, ⟨h₂⟩ and ⟨h₃⟩.
urge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ûrj
ipa: /ɜːd͡ʒ/
enpr: ûrj
ipa: /ɝd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)dʒ
Forms: form: urges
Etymology: From Latin urgeō (“urge”).
Senses: examples: text: After seeing the advert for a soft drink, I had a sudden urge to buy a bottle.
text: sexual urges
text: repress your urges
text: satisfy your urges
text: Unless I’m wrong / I but obey / The urge of a song: / I’m—bound—away!
ref: 1962, Robert Frost, “Away!”, in In the Clearing:
synonyms: word: hunger
word: yearning
word: ache
word: appetency
word: appetite
word: craving
word: hankering
word: hunger
word: impulse
word: itch
word: jones
word: letch
word: lickerish
word: longing
word: lust
word: pining
word: thirst
word: urge
word: yearning
word: yen
glosses: A strong desire; an itch to do something.
Derived terms: premonitory urge
sucking urge
urge to merge
nizzle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nizzles
Etymology: Blend of nigga + -izzle. Popularized by the hip-hop culture in the 1990s and 2000s, as a rhyme of shizzle, as in fo shizzle my nizzle (“for sure, my nigga”).
Senses: qualifier: African-American Vernacular
glosses: Nigga, nigger.
Derived terms: fo shizzle my nizzle
philanthropist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: philanthropists
Etymology: From philanthropy + -ist; compare French philanthrope.
Senses: antonyms: misanthropist
glosses: A person who loves humankind in general.
examples: text: […]and with a passing vague wonder as to what manner of man the ‘philanthropist’ might be who had more money than he knew what to do with,[…]
ref: 1895, Marie Corelli, The Sorrows of Satan: or The Strange Experience of One Geoffrey Tempest, Millionaire […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 15:
text: It is not uncommon for young philanthropists to retool their giving as they learn from their mistakes. Many other charities have only a single focus. But it has been jarring to allies of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to see such a wholesale discarding and downplaying of its prior work, especially given how public it had been about its goals.
ref: 2025 June 28, Theodore Schleifer, Eli Tan, Mike Isaac, “Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan Narrow CZI’s Focus to Science Efforts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A person or institution who seeks to improve the world, especially by monetary gifts.
Derived terms: fauxlanthropist
philanthropath
philanthropistic
philanthropreneur
technophilanthropist
theophilanthropist
Related terms: word: altruist
english: strong like of human race
translation: strong like of human race
word: altruism
english: hatred of human race
translation: hatred of human race
word: misanthropy
word: misanthropic
word: misanthropist
english: hatred of males
translation: hatred of males
word: misandry
english: hatred of females
translation: hatred of females
word: misogyny
word: philanthropy
english: loving human race
translation: loving human race
word: philanthropic
english: love of males
translation: love of males
word: philandry
english: love of females
translation: love of females
word: philogyny
invincible
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/
rhymes: -ɪbəl
Etymology: From Middle French invincible, from Latin invincibilis (“unconquerable”), from in- (“not”) + vincibilis (“conquerable”), from vincere (“to conquer”).
Senses: examples: text: You know our armie is inuincible:
As many circumcized Turkes we haue,
And warlike bands of Chriſtians renyed,
As hath the Ocean or the Terrene ſea
Small drops of water, […]
ref: c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act (please specify |act=II or III), scene i:
text: Nothing in this world could / Ever bring them down / Yeah, they're invincible / And she's just in the background
ref: 2013 May 31, Echosmith, Jeffery David, and Jesiah Dzwonek, “Cool Kids”, in Talking Dreams, performed by Echosmith:
text: I'm unstoppable / I'm a Porsche with no brakes / I'm invincible / Yeah, I win every single game
ref: 2016, Sia, Chris Braide, “Unstoppable”, in This Is Acting, performed by Sia:
synonyms: unconquerable
undefeatable
unvanquishable
antonyms: conquerable
defeatable
vincible
weak
vanquishable
glosses: Impossible to defeat, destroy, or kill; too powerful to be defeated or overcome.
Derived terms: invincible ignorance
invincibleness
invincibly
uninvincible
invincible
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/
ipa: /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/
rhymes: -ɪbəl
Forms: form: invincibles
Etymology: From Middle French invincible, from Latin invincibilis (“unconquerable”), from in- (“not”) + vincibilis (“conquerable”), from vincere (“to conquer”).
Senses: antonyms: vincible
glosses: Someone or something that cannot be defeated, destroyed, or killed.
digitus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: digiti
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin digitus. Doublet of digit.
Senses: glosses: An Ancient Roman unit of length, approximately 0.73 inches.
nostalgic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ældʒɪk
Forms: form: more nostalgic
form: most nostalgic
Etymology: From nostalgia + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: And here, as I write, the faint, scarcely perceptible, ghost-like suspicion of a scent—a mere nostalgic fancy, compound, generic, synthetic and all-embracing—an abstract olfactory symbol of the "Tout Paris" of fifty years ago, comes back to me out of the past; and fain would I inhale it in all its pristine fulness and vigour.
ref: 1891, George Du Maurier, Peter Ibbetson:
text: And it was their voices which affected Gudrun almost to swooning. They aroused a strange, nostalgic ache of desire, something almost demoniacal, never to be fulfilled.
ref: 1920 November 9, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter IX, in Women in Love, New York, N.Y.: Privately printed [by Thomas Seltzer] for subscribers only, →OCLC:
text: Misery and a nameless nostalgic distress possessed him. He was twenty-three, and oh! so agonizingly conscious of the fact.
ref: 1921, Aldous Huxley, chapter 1, in Crome Yellow, London: Chatto & Windus:
text: An opening sequence, featuring a de-aged Ford playing a younger Indy, is a bold and nostalgic gambit, offering a glimpse of what you've missed.
ref: 2023 June 29, City AM, London, page 18, column 2:
glosses: Of, having, or relating to nostalgia.
Derived terms: nostalgically
unnostalgic
nostalgic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ældʒɪk
Forms: form: nostalgics
Etymology: From nostalgia + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: But of course every well-brought-up person to-day knows that the Victorians were sentimentalists, nostalgics, escapists, self-deceivers.
ref: 1933 January, Gilbert Armitage, “Were these Victorians?”, in The Bookman, volume LXXXIII, number 496:
text: In Bow Street court next morning, the slapper proved to be a paid agent of a group of nostalgics who call themselves The League of Empire Loyalists.
ref: 1957 August 19, Time, page 17:
text: FA Cup Centenary 1872-1972. One for the football nostalgics.
ref: 2009 February 28, Steven Morris, “Brought to books: bibliophiles and traders enjoy giveaway bonanza”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: nostalgist
glosses: A person who displays nostalgia for something.
state of being
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: states of being
Senses: glosses: The overall physical condition of a person, as opposed to mental condition (state of mind).
Derived terms: state of beingness
Related terms: feel
intoxication
physical
state of mind
based
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /beɪst/
rhymes: -eɪst
homophone: baste
Forms: form: more based
form: most based
Etymology: From base + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: That was a soundly based argument.
glosses: Founded on; having a basis; often used in combining forms.
Hyponyms: sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: biobased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: bio-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: broad-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: carbon-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: character-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: class-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: coal-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: computer-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: computerbased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: e-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: event-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: faith-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: geobased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: landbased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: magnetism-based interaction capture
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: merit-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: need-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: object-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: paper-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: plant-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: prototype-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: rail-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: rangebased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: reality-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: rebased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: role-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: rule-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: sea-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: silicon-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: space-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: spacebased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: stack-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: text-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: textbased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: tick-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: tilebased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: time-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: turn-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: vegetable-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: vibes-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: water-based
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: waterbased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: webbased
sense: founded on; having a basis in
word: zero-based
Derived terms: basedness
based on
case-based reasoning
competition-based learning
context-based learning
design-based learning
evidence-based
evidence-based medicine
holy mother of based
inquiry-based learning
model-based design
model-based testing
name-based type system
outbased
project-based learning
prototype-based scripting language
rules-based order
speech-based picking
timestamp-based concurrency control
based
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /beɪst/
rhymes: -eɪst
homophone: baste
Etymology: From base + -ed.
Senses: examples: It's a new film based on a best-selling novel.
glosses: simple past and past participle of base
Being derived from (usually followed by on or upon).
examples: The ladder is based on the even sidewalk for stability.
glosses: simple past and past participle of base
Having a base.
examples: The company is based in New York.
glosses: simple past and past participle of base
Having a base of operations.
based
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /beɪst/
rhymes: -eɪst
homophone: baste
Forms: form: more based
form: most based
Etymology: A reference to freebase cocaine, via basehead. Coined by American rapper from California Lil B to describe his lifestyle.
Senses: examples: text: Based means being yourself. Not being scared of what people think about you. Not being afraid to do what you wanna do. Being positive. […] Based is positive.
ref: 2010 June 10, Lil B, Complex.com:
text: You have to work as a human with empathy and love in your heart, staying positive and staying based and staying normal.
ref: 2012 April 12, Duncan Cooper, “Based Scripture: The Full Transcript of Lil B’s Lecture at NYU”, in The Fader:
synonyms: maverick
glosses: Not caring what others think about one's personality, style, or behavior; focused on maintaining individuality.
raw_tags: of a person
examples: text: I hate l'Académie Française, but their spelling reforms are kind of based.
ref: 2023 August 9, human1011, Hot Takes on Languages! #linguistics:
text: I officially approve of North Korea. This is... this is incredibly based.
ref: 2024 June 7, Eric Parker, Connecting North Korea's Windows XP Clone to the Internet:
text: OP is based as hell
antonyms: cringe
unbased
glosses: Admirable; praiseworthy, especially if simultaneously unpopular or controversial.
examples: text: based and redpilled
text: My last account got banned for being too based.
text: Those who are against Trump are not based at all. On February 16th, The Donald users comment on a “based” post in r/DankMemes which uses a classic Squidward sleeping meme to criticize those who are upset by Chris Pratt going to “church” (one which was purportedly anti-LGBT) but “ok” with sex predators in Hollywood: […]
ref: 2019, Kira Stalker, "The Fracturing of the Alt Right: Conflicting Online Discourses Of White Nationalist Communities", thesis submitted to George Mason University, page 139
text: His [Brenton Tarrant's] meme-themed shooting greatly represents the spirit of the aussie people, in the sense of shitposting until their last moment, based and redpilled he is.
ref: 2019, anonymous, quoted in Cathrine Thorleifsson, "From cyberfascism to terrorism: On 4chan/pol/ culture and the transnational production of memetic violence", Nations and Nationalism, Volume 28, Issue 1, page 293
text: Then, in the same month, noted feminist Christina Hoff Sommers was branded “white supremacy-adjacent” by feminist Roxane Gay. Her reasoning? That our beloved “Based Mom” once appeared at an event with Milo Yiannopoulos and didn't disavow him enough.
ref: 2020, David Rubin, Don't Burn This Book: Thinking for Yourself in an Age of Unreason, unnumbered page:
antonyms: cringe
unbased
glosses: Admirable; praiseworthy, especially if simultaneously unpopular or controversial.
Admirable for rejecting political correctness or socially progressive values.
synonyms: unwoke
Derived terms: holy based
based
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /beɪst/
rhymes: -eɪst
homophone: baste
Etymology: A reference to freebase cocaine, via basehead. Coined by American rapper from California Lil B to describe his lifestyle.
Senses: examples: text: —There is no ethics in communism—Based.
synonyms: damn straight
word
right on
glosses: Indicating emphatic approval of a statement or opinion, often a controversial or unpopular one.
Nehra
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Hindi नेहरा (nehrā).
Senses: glosses: a surname of the Jat community found in Haryana, northwest Rajasthan
glosses: the gotra of the same name