cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
preadolescence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From pre- + adolescence.
Senses: examples: text: Jojo gains what Pop’s lost of his bearing. First, a brace across his thighs, all the bowlegged softness of his preadolescence dissolved to a granite stance.
ref: 2017, Jesmyn Ward, Sing, Unburied, Sing, Bloomsbury Circus, page 270:
glosses: The period between childhood and adolescence, between the ages of about 9 and 11 for girls, and 10 and 12 for boys.
preceptory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /pɹɪˈsɛptəɹi/
Forms: form: preceptories
Etymology: From Medieval Latin praeceptoria, noun use of the feminine of praeceptorius (“commanding”), ultimately from praeceptor + -ius. Equivalent to preceptor + -y.
Senses: examples: text: “The most petty baron may arrest, try, and condemn a witch found within his own domain. And shall that power be denied to the Grand Master of the Temple within a preceptory of his Order?”
ref: 1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:
glosses: A community of the Knights Templar, or the physical buildings or estate of such a community.
preceptory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /pɹɪˈsɛptəɹi/
Etymology: From Medieval Latin praeceptoria, noun use of the feminine of praeceptorius (“commanding”), ultimately from praeceptor + -ius. Equivalent to preceptor + -y.
Senses: examples: text: a law preceptory
ref: c. 1573, Anderson, [unknown work]
glosses: preceptive
predispose
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: predisposes
form: predisposing
form: predisposed
form: predisposed
Etymology: Either a back-formation from predisposition or borrowed from Middle French predisposer.
Senses: glosses: To make someone susceptible to something (such as a disease).
glosses: To make someone inclined to something in advance; to influence.
Derived terms: predisposal
predisposedly
predisposedness
Related terms: predisposition
preempting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of preempt
pre-eminence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: And being always with her, and always talking confidentially, and his feelings exactly in that favourable state which a recent disappointment gives, those soft light eyes could not be very long in obtaining the pre-eminence.
ref: 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XVII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, pages 347–348:
text: While the Deutsche Bundesbahn has not reattained the pre-eminence in European railway speed that the German railways enjoyed before the 1939-1945 war, speeds in that country are steadily moving upwards [...].
ref: 1962 August, "Mercury", “The fastest trains on the Continent, 1962: II—Western Germany”, in Modern Railways, page 125:
glosses: Alternative spelling of preeminence.
preeminence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹiˈɛ.mɪˌnəns/
Forms: form: preeminences
form: pre-eminence
form: preëminence
form: preheminence
Senses: synonyms: primacy
glosses: The status of being preeminent, dominant or ascendant.
examples: text: In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.
ref: 2012 January 24, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 04 Apr 2012, page 87:
glosses: High importance; superiority.
prefigure
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹiːfɪɡjɚ/
Forms: form: prefigures
form: prefiguring
form: prefigured
form: prefigured
Etymology: From Middle English prefiguren, from Latin praefigurare, from figurare (“to shape, picture”).
Senses: examples: text: Hong Kong, Singapore and Shanghai, all prefigure NRx urban futures.
ref: 2018 September 29, Roger Burrows, “On Neoreaction”, in The Sociological Review Magazine:
qualifier: often in a Biblical context
glosses: To show or suggest ahead of time; to represent beforehand.
glosses: To predict or foresee.
Synonyms: presage
portend
forereckon
foreshadow
announce
Derived terms: prefigurement
prefigure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹiːfɪɡjɚ/
Forms: form: prefigures
Etymology: From Middle English prefiguren, from Latin praefigurare, from figurare (“to shape, picture”).
Senses: examples: text: Quite different is the way in which the tomboy girled the rebel narrative. In recent years, queer theorists have taken a deep interest in the tomboy as a prefigure for the butch dyke.
ref: 2005, Leerom Medovoi, Rebels: Youth and the Cold War Origins of Identity, page 293:
text: In his influential commentary (the Moralia) Gregory the Great interpreted the protagonist typologically as a prefigure of Christ and of the Church persecuted.
ref: 2012, C. S. Shapley, Studies in French Poetry of the Fifteenth Century, page 5:
glosses: That which prefigures or appears to predict; a harbinger.
prehension
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /prɪˈhɛnʃən/
Forms: form: prehensions
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin prehensio, prehensionis. Doublet of prison.
Senses: glosses: The act of grasping or gripping, especially with the hands.
examples: text: The addiction to punning was related to a reverence for the "Word." In a pun or a hieroglyphic figure, several lines come together in what Whitehead would call "a prehension"; in the comprehension of an event, that sympathetic resonance between the observor and the "thing" observed, there is a correspondence between the cosmic word of the gods (the Logos of St. John) and the inner words of the human mind, for each shares existence because it is a manifestation of divine laws and harmony.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 214:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: According to Alfred North Whitehead, a type of universally acting perception that is not limited to living, self-conscious beings, and which involves an interconnectedness of the observer and the observed.
Related terms: apprehension
prehensile
prehensive
pre-op
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: preop
Etymology: From pre- + op.
Senses: examples: text: a pre-op consultation
text: For example, Goal 7 “Reduce the risk of health care associated infections” stipulates, among other things, that hospitals have specific strategies in place to prevent surgical site infection (SSI), that they provide regular feedback about SSI rates to caregivers, with follow-up for 30 days, that they discontinue the use of shaving as a method of preop hair removal, etc.
ref: 2011, Darrell A. Campbell, “Patient Safety”, in Michael W. Mulholland, Gerard M. Doherty, editors, Complications in Surgery, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, pages 58–59:
glosses: Happening before an operation.
examples: text: The three pre-op transsexuals are attired in cheap, synthetic clothes and, to emphasize this point, one of them even wears a polyester imitation of Samantha's luxury silk nightgown […]
ref: 2013, Niall Richardson, Clarissa Smith, Angela Werndly, Studying Sexualities: Theories, Representations, Cultures, page 92:
glosses: Not yet operated on.
Synonyms: preoperational
preoperative
pre-op
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pre-ops
form: preop
Etymology: From pre- + op.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A preoperative patient or procedure.
glosses: A preoperative trans person.
preoperative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pre- + operative.
Senses: coordinate_terms: postoperative
glosses: Prior to surgery.
Related terms: preoperational
preoperatory
preoperative
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: preoperatives
Etymology: From pre- + operative.
Senses: glosses: A transgender person who has not yet undergone gender reassignment surgery.
presexual
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pre- + sexual.
Senses: examples: text: In fact, the only females in the novel who do not practice extreme repression in one form or another are presexual girls.
ref: 2002, Anna Krugovoy Silver, Victorian Literature and the Anorexic Body, page 92:
glosses: Not yet capable of sexual reproduction.
examples: text: The Boomeroo Bulls were not only well and truly pissed but loving one another so much they seemed to be forever in one of their coracle-like prosexual scrums.
ref: 1982, Paul Radley, My Blue-Checker Corker and Me, Sydney: Fontana/Collins, page 97:
text: He was filled with the presexual rush of affection that felt like love […]
ref: 1992, Richard Price, Clockers:
glosses: Before sexual intercourse.
pressmen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pressman
pressman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pressmen
Etymology: From press + man.
Senses: examples: text: As the pressman returns the inkballs to the inkstone, the journeyman closes the frisket and tympan.
ref: 2000, Richard L. Saunders, Printing in Deseret:
text: Moxon […] gives the area required by a press and pressmen as 7 feet square, and for a frame with a pair of cases, an area 4 ft 6 in square.
ref: 2009, James Mosley, edited by Michael F Suarez and Michael L Turner, The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, vol. V, Cambridge, published 2014, page 166:
glosses: Someone who operates a printing press.
examples: text: "He hates pressmen, but I am in his confidence, for he knows that I will publish no more than he authorizes."
ref: 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:
text: Quite a crowd of townspeople turned out to see the train start, and several pressmen were busily engaged in taking notes and photographs.
ref: 1949 November and December, “Notes and News: By Special Train to Llanfair”, in Railway Magazine, page 409:
glosses: A journalist or newspaper reporter.
glosses: One who pressgangs people into naval service.
examples: a tailor's pressman
glosses: One who presses clothes.
Derived terms: pressman's hat
should of
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: Eye dialect spelling of should have or should've.
glosses: Misconstruction of should have and should've.
would of
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: Eye dialect spelling of would have or would've.
glosses: Misconstruction of would have and would've.
could of
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: Eye dialect spelling of could have or could've.
glosses: Misconstruction of could have and could've.
might of
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of might've.
colour bar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: colour bars
form: color bar
Senses: examples: text: That first morning at the firm, a pleasant young white secretary, Miss Lieberman, took me aside and said, ‘Nelson, we have no colour bar here at the law firm.’
ref: 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 83:
text: In my hometown of Portsmouth there was a riot in 1943, with the locals scorning attempts by American military policemen to enforce a color bar in the pubs.
ref: 2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic, published 2011, page 205:
text: A plaque commemorating the memory of British Rail guard Asquith Xavier, who broke the colour bar at Euston station in 1966, was unveiled at Chatham station on September 24.
ref: 2020 October 7, “Network News: Plaque at Chatham honours colour bar pioneer”, in Rail, page 26:
glosses: The segregation of people of different colour or race, especially any barrier to black people participating in activities with white people.
topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: A pattern of varying tonal density that enables visual and numeric comparisons to be made across multiple printed sheets or pages.
topics: jewelry
lifestyle
glosses: A layer of good jewellery-quality opal within a rough opal.
Synonyms: color line
micturient
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Having a need to urinate.
Related terms: micturate
murra
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: murras
form: murrha
Senses: glosses: An ornamental stone for vases, etc. described by Pliny, most probably fluorspar; it was first brought to Rome by Pompey, 61 B.C.
Related terms: murrhine
murrine
ratty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæti/
ipa: /ˈɹæti/
ipa: [-ɾi]
rhymes: -æti
Senses: glosses: Synonym of knock down ginger (“prank of knocking on a front door and running away”).
synonyms: word: knock down ginger
extra: prank of knocking on a front door and running away
prodigally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more prodigally
form: most prodigally
Etymology: From prodigal + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a prodigal manner; extravagantly or wastefully.
professorially
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more professorially
form: most professorially
Etymology: From professorial + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a professorial manner.
professorial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɔːɹiəl
ipa: /ˌprɒfəˈsɔːɹiəl/
ipa: /prəˌfɛsˈɔːɹiəl/
note: Indic
ipa: /pɾɵfəˈsoɾɪɐl/
Forms: form: more professorial
form: most professorial
Etymology: From Latin professōrius (“professiorial; authoritative”) + -al. By surface analysis, professor + -ial.
Senses: examples: text: David and I were not "intimate" friends. There was always a certain old-worldly formality about our interchanges. There was something professorial and distant about David, something that commanded respect, partially, I think, because he was so respectful himself.
ref: 1984 December 15, Nancy Walker, “Remembering David Stryker”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 22, page 5:
text: Adamant that women could not enter the professorial fraternity, [[w:Cornell University|Cornell [University]]] did not appoint any women professors until 1911 and then only in home economics. Comstock regained her professorial title only in 1913, after working for many years as a lecturer (Conable 127, 130).
ref: 1997, Pamela M. Henson, “‘Through Books to Nature’: Anna Botsford Comstock and the Nature Study Movement”, in Barbara T. Gates, Ann B. Shteir, editors, Natural Eloquence: Women Reinscribe Science, University of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 121:
text: Professorial, downright dorktastic African-American NBA [National Basketball Association] stars are defying the expectation that they wear an intimidating hood facade, which is changing how we view black athletes—and how they view themselves.
ref: 2012 May 14, Sean Gregory, “NBA Nerd Alert. A studious look is redefining pro style”, in Time, volume 179, number 19, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, page 60:
glosses: Of, relating to, or characteristic of a professor or professors, or of a professorship or professorships.
Derived terms: professorially
Related terms: professorly
proteoclastic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more proteoclastic
form: most proteoclastic
Senses: glosses: proteolytic
proteolytic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From proteo- + -lytic.
Senses: examples: text: A recent study focused on the enzymatic and cytotoxic functions of jellyfish metalloproteases and identified diverse proteolytic effects including gelatinolytic, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities.
ref: 2015 June 18, Mahdokht Jouiaei et al., “Ancient Venom Systems: A Review on Cnidaria Toxins”, in Toxins, volume 7, →DOI:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Of, relating to, or promoting proteolysis.
Derived terms: metalloproteolytic
blood blister
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blood blisters
Senses: glosses: A blister filled with blood, usually caused by a sharp pinch to the skin.
proteolysis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɒlɪsɪs
Forms: form: proteolyses
Etymology: From proteo- + -lysis.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids, especially as part of the digestion of food.
Derived terms: autoproteolysis
endoproteolysis
exoproteolysis
Related terms: proteolytic
protozoic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to the protozoa.
protrusive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more protrusive
form: most protrusive
Senses: glosses: that protrudes; protruding
glosses: rather conspicuous; obtrusive
Derived terms: protrusive occlusion
Related terms: protusible
provisioner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: provisioners
Etymology: From provision + -er.
Senses: examples: Near-synonyms: victualler, victualer; supplier; outfitter; equipper; dealer; vendor
synonyms: provider
purveyor
glosses: One who supplies provisions.
examples: text: A provisioner accepts a recipe, a list of steps required to prepare an environment for an application.
ref: 2015, Bruno Skvorc, Jump Start PHP Environment:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: One who or that which provisions (sets up an account, resources, etc.).
pseudogamy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From pseudo- + -gamy.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: gynogenesis
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: any reproductive process that requires pollination but does not involve male inheritance.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: a type of agamospermy in which the endosperm is fertilized but the embryo is not.
pseudohermaphroditism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pseudohermaphroditisms
Etymology: From pseudo- + hermaphroditism.
Senses: glosses: A condition in which an individual has the internal reproductive organs of one sex but the external genitalia of the other.
Related terms: pseudohermaphroditic
pseudohermaphrodite
hermaphroditism
intersex
pseudoscientific
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more pseudoscientific
form: most pseudoscientific
Etymology: From pseudoscience + -ific, by analogy with scientific, equivalent to pseudo- + scientific.
Senses: examples: text: […] another example of the desire to control deviant lifestyles: the preparation by the FBI of pseudoscientific "profiles" that purport to describe the murderers.
ref: 1983 August 13, Mark McHarry, “FBI”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 5, page 4:
text: Many postsecondary educators are concerned about the rising tide of pseudoscientific, fundamentally anti-intellectual belief among otherwise well educated Americans.
ref: 1996, Mark E. Ware, David E. Johnson, Handbook of Demonstrations and Activities in the Teaching of Psychology:
text: Some pseudoscientific theories explain what nonbelievers cannot even observe, for example, orgone energy.
ref: 2003, Robert Todd Carroll, The skeptic's dictionary:
text: Don’t let manipulative state legislators misrepresent science and fearmonger you into giving them money. At the very least, don’t let them continue with their false pseudoscientific assertions. Pressure them to do their jobs and introduce real evidence-based legislation – like the Equality Act – that will improve lives.
ref: 2021 June 24, Jack Turban and Jules Gill-Peterson, “Attacks on trans people are also attacks on science itself”, in CNN:
text: The trolls did not match the old professional racists’ stuffy style, but they found use in their pseudoscientific graphics.
ref: 2022 May 20, Elle Reeve, “How White ‘replacement theory’ evolved from elderly racists to teens online to the alleged inspiration for another racist mass homicide”, in CNN:
glosses: Of, relating to, or employing pseudoscience; not scientific, though purporting to be scientific.
Derived terms: pseudoscientifical
pseudoscientifically
pseudoscientificalness
pseudoscientificness
Related terms: pseudomedical
pseudoprofessional
pseudoscience
pseudoscientism
pseudoscientist
pseudoscientistic
psychosocial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsaɪ̯.kəʊ̯ˈsəʊ̯.ʃəl/
ipa: /ˌsaɪ̯.koʊ̯ˈsoʊ̯.ʃəl/
rhymes: -əʊʃəl
Etymology: From psycho- + social.
Senses: examples: text: It seems to me that most of those who adhere to an organicist position in psychiatry espouse a system of values of which they are unaware. They imply that they recognize as scientific only physics (and its branches), but instead of asserting this, they say that they object to psychosocial theories only because they are false.
ref: 1974, Thomas S. Szasz, chapter 6, in The Myth of Mental Illness, →ISBN, page 102:
text: Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson,^([1]) is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.
ref: 2023 December 30, Wikipedia contributors, “Erikson's stages of psychosocial development”, in English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation:
glosses: Having both psychological and social aspects.
raw_tags: of behaviour
Related terms: biopsychosocial
psychohistorical
psychosociological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From psycho- + sociological.
Senses: glosses: Having both psychological and sociological aspects.
glosses: Of or relating to psychosociology.
publands
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From pub + lands.
Senses: examples: text: warn the young — / keep from the publands in the port / or into sewerage you'll be flung.
ref: 1976, Soundings, volume 3, page 72:
text: Part love story, part thriller, and set in the publands of London's Earls Court,[…]
ref: 1985, Roger Omond, The Apartheid Handbook:
text: […]publands of Earls Court, Hangover Square's protagonist, semi-alcoholic George Harvey Bone[…]
ref: 2007, John Harding, Patrick Hamilton: His Life and Work : a Critical Study, page 46:
glosses: An area with many pubs.
punkie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
homophone: punky
rhymes: -ʌŋki
Forms: form: punkies
form: punkey
form: punky
Etymology: From Jersey Dutch *punkje + English -ie (diminutive suffix). *Punkje is derived from Delaware Munsee *pónkwes + Dutch -je (diminutive suffix); and *pónkwes from Proto-Algonquian *penkw- (“ashes; dust”) (whence Unami punkw (“dust”); probably referring to the insects’ small size) + *-ehs- (diminutive suffix). Compare the name of the Pennsylvania, USA, borough Punxsutawney (from Unami punkwës utènay (“sandfly town”)).
Senses: synonyms: noseeum
no-see-um
sandflea
glosses: A small two-winged fly or midge of the family Ceratopogonidae, which bites and then sucks the blood of mammals; a biting midge or sandfly.
punkie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
homophone: punky
rhymes: -ʌŋki
Forms: form: punkies
form: punky
Etymology: Possibly an alteration of pumpkin (“plant of the species Cucurbita pepo; round orange or yellow fruit of this plant; (archaic) any type of edible gourd”) + -ie (diminutive suffix).
Senses: qualifier: chiefly Somerset
glosses: In full punkie lantern: a lantern similar to a jack-o'-lantern consisting of a gourd such as a pumpkin or a root vegetable such as a mangelwurzel or swede which has been hollowed out, in which a candle has been placed; these are chiefly displayed during Punkie Night in late October.
Derived terms: Punkie Night
punkie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
homophone: punky
rhymes: -ʌŋki
Forms: form: punkies
Etymology: Possibly an alteration of the first two syllables of pumpkinseed (“the North American sunfish Lepomis gibbosus”) + -ie (diminutive suffix).
Senses: examples: text: But, although anything but a wary fish, the sunfish is not easy to catch because of its small mouth. Unless a small hook is used, meager results are secured in proportion to the antics of the cork or bobber, which in good "punkie" territory is likely to jiggle, stand on end and depart bottomward on short notice.
ref: 1949 October–November, John R. Greeley, “Sunfishes”, in P. W. Fosburgh, editor, New York State Conservationist, volume 4, number 2, Albany, N.Y.: State of New York Conservation Department, →OCLC, page 14, column 2:
glosses: Synonym of pumpkinseed (“a North American sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus”).
synonyms: word: pumpkinseed
extra: a North American sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus
punky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
ipa: /ˈpəŋ-/
homophone: punkie
rhymes: -ʌŋki
Forms: form: punkier
form: punkiest
Etymology: From punk + -y.
Senses: examples: text: He said nothing, rousing himself once in a while to go through his hunting gear or repair a packstrap, and he even hollowed out a punky log with a hatchet for some use I couldn't divine.
ref: 2013, Thom Harmer, Going Native:
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: Of or pertaining to punk (touchwood); rotted or soft.
examples: text: a punky hairstyle
text: It was mainly men who attended the event and of the women there, most came with gay men and appeared to be faghags. In fact, when the dancing started, the scene looked more like a punky hetero event, except for the presence of a few queens and fairies.
ref: 1983 August 6, Margaret Cerullo, Marla Erlien, “Dutch Gays, Lesbians Resist 'Family and State'”, in Gay Community News, page 3:
synonyms: punkish
punklike
glosses: Of or pertaining to the punk subculture.
punky
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
ipa: /ˈpəŋ-/
homophone: punkie
rhymes: -ʌŋki
Forms: form: punkies
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of punkie (“small two-winged fly or midge; lantern similar to a jack-o'-lantern”).
punky
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
ipa: /ˈpʌŋki/
ipa: /ˈpəŋ-/
homophone: punkie
rhymes: -ʌŋki
Forms: form: punkies
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of punkie (“pumpkinseed fish”).
pinch cake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pinch cakes
Senses: glosses: Any of various quickly-made Texan desserts made from unbaked biscuit dough, with butter (or margarine), sugar, cinnamon or other flavorings, baked in the oven.
puppyhood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: puppyhoods
form: puppihood
Etymology: From puppy + -hood.
Senses: examples: text: "The snake," I whispered, feeling very frightened at what had become of our dog, for we were devoted to him, having brought him up from his puppyhood.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 95:
glosses: The state of being a puppy (young dog).
examples: text: During the four years since his puppyhood he had lived the life of a sated aristocrat; he had a fine pride in himself, was even a trifle egotistical, as country gentlemen sometimes become because of their insular situation.
ref: 1903 July, Jack London, “Into the Primitive”, in The Call of the Wild, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, pages 18–19:
glosses: Youth and adolescence, especially that of a conceited and impertinent young man.
sheet of paper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sheets of paper
Senses: glosses: A single piece of loose paper, which, when bound in a book or booklet, consists of two pages (one on the front and one on the back).
Synonyms: leaf
Derived terms: start with a clean sheet of paper
piece of paper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pieces of paper
Senses: glosses: A single sheet or scrap of paper.
glosses: A marriage certificate.
Related terms: chit
post-it note
slip
scrap paper
sheet
sheet of paper
put a stop to
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: puts a stop to
form: putting a stop to
form: put a stop to
form: put a stop to
Senses: glosses: To terminate or abolish something.
Synonyms: put an end to
put paid to
put the kibosh on
scotch
put an end to
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: puts an end to
form: putting an end to
form: put an end to
form: put an end to
Senses: examples: text: He put an end to the loud music by pulling the plug.
text: So far as I am aware, nationalisation has put an end to this scheme.
ref: 1950 May, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 300:
glosses: To terminate or abolish.
Synonyms: put a stop to
put the kibosh on
quilling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɪlɪŋ
Forms: form: quillings
Senses: glosses: A band of fluted muslin resembling a row of quills.
glosses: A form of art that involves the creation of decorative designs from thin strips of curled paper.
examples: text: In this way, quilling arts were integral to band organization and cooperation, and functioned both within and between households as items of ceremonial exchange (i.e., "crosscutting" private and public domains).
ref: 1998, Tressa L. Berman, “Chapter 4: The Community as Worksite: American Indian Women's Artistic Production”, in Ann E. Kingsolver, editor, More Than Class: Studying Power in U.S. Workplaces, page 83:
glosses: Quillwork.
examples: text: Childbirth seldom was difficult, but when it was the simple process of "quilling" (which consisted in blowing at just the right time tobacco powder through the quill into the nostril) always brought on a huge sneeze, which immediately delivered the child.
ref: 1915, Irving P. Fox, editor, The Spatula, volume 22, page 466:
text: [...] the midwife kept suggesting quilling.
ref: 2002, Wendy Mitchinson, Giving Birth in Canada, 1900-1950, →ISBN, page 86:
text: 2003, Anita Price Davis, North Carolina During the Great Depression: A Documentary Portrait of a Decade, page 194,
To muster the strength for the final push in childbirth, midwives like Granny Lewis of Burlington, North Carolina, quilled the mother-to-be. With quilling the midwife placed the snuff on one end of the straw and blew it into the nostril of the woman at the right time; the great sneeze that resulted from the woman was accompanied by the birth of the child. Granny Lewis and others used quilling well into the 1930s (Kirby, p192).
qualifier: especially Appalachia and the Prairies
glosses: The practice of blowing pepper or snuff through a quill into the nose of a woman who is giving birth, to induce sneezing and diaphragmatic contractions which will induce or hasten labor.
quilling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ɪlɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of quill
Related terms: quillwork
R-1
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: a Soviet rocket modelled on the V-2; the Scunner
NATO reporting name
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: NATO reporting names
Senses: glosses: Any of the code names used by NATO to identify Soviet and Chinese military equipment.
code name
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: code names
form: codename
Senses: topics: business
espionage
government
military
politics
war
glosses: A name used to clandestinely identify somebody or something, either for military or espionage purposes, or for commercial confidentiality.
Synonyms: covername
cover name
Hypernyms: name
company seal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: company seals
Senses: glosses: A device used to impress a company's name and/or symbol onto a dollop of soft red wax attached to a legal instrument, where two directors or one director and the secretary could sign as witnesses, thus executing the instrument.
reconciliatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌrɛkənˈsɪli.ətɔri/
Forms: form: more reconciliatory
form: most reconciliatory
Etymology: From Latin reconciliāt (third-person singular present active indicative of reconciliō) or reconciliātus (“reunited”) + -ory.
Senses: glosses: That reconciles.
radicalisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: radicalisations
Etymology: From radical + -isation.
Senses: examples: text: Incelism or 'involuntary celibacy' culture is on the rise, with online radicalisation being the main cause of this, and attacks of terror from such groups are becoming more common.
ref: 2021 September 17, Eve Hebron, “How gen Z women are tackling gaslighting and abuse one TikTok at a time”, in SCREENSHOT Media:
glosses: Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of radicalization.
radicalization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: radicalizations
form: radicalisation
Etymology: From radical + -ization.
Senses: examples: text: From there, it was only a short step to “Kekism,” at once a joke religion and a precursor of the reactionary radicalization to follow.
ref: 2020, Tara Isabella Burton, Strange Rites: New Religions for a Godless World, unnumbered page:
glosses: The process of radicalizing.
Derived terms: active radicalization
pre-radicalization
Related terms: radicalize
radicalizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of radicalize
radicalize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹædɪkəlaɪz/
Forms: form: radicalizes
form: radicalizing
form: radicalized
form: radicalized
form: radicalise
Etymology: From radical + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to radicalize the whole society, to create mass participation at all levels of decision-making, and to restore the revolutionary élan of the 1940s.
ref: 1971, Deborah S. Davis, “The Cultural Revolution in Wuhan”, in The Cultural Revolution in the Provinces, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 159:
text: Described by witnesses as a keen cricketer and pubgoer until contacts with Islamic militants radicalized him on a trip to Pakistan, he was ordered to serve at least 14 years for the plot, and for supplying militants in Afghanistan with money and equipment.
ref: 2008 February 19, John F. Burns, “Britain: Life Sentence in Beheading Plot”, in The New York Times:
text: It’s been called “one of the most powerful radicalizing instruments of the 21st century,” “a petri dish of divisive, conspiratorial and sometimes hateful content,” and a tool that “drives people to the internet’s darkest corners.”
ref: 2019 March 29, Kevin Roose, “YouTube’s Product Chief on Online Radicalization and Algorithmic Rabbit Holes”, in The New York Times:
glosses: To make radical.
examples: text: He’s a delight and provides a little break in one’s timeline between heart-stopping political developments, at least until he himself radicalizes, which is bound to happen soon, because he is a French bulldog.
ref: 2017 March 7, Caitlin Lovinger, “A Deadly Sin”, in The New York Times:
glosses: To become radical; to adopt a radical political stance.
Derived terms: radicalizable
radicalization
deradicalize
radicalizer
reradicalize
self-radicalize
ragga
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Clipping of raggamuffin, variant of ragamuffin (“troublemaker”), influenced by reggae.
Senses: examples: text: Tosh's brand of roots reggae, with its emphasis on uplifting anthems and melodic riffs, now sounds as dated as The Wailers' earliest incarnation as a straight-up ska band, especially when listened to alongside the shuddering bass of most contemporary ragga tracks.
ref: 1993 August, David Eimer, “Reel to Reel”, in The Wire, number 114, →ISSN, page 52:
text: The song samples Ricky Martin's hit Shake Your Bom-Bom but adds ragga's roughness. When Bam Bam comes on, the crowd goes wild.
ref: 2001 September 15, Christopher John Farley, “Music Goes Global”, in Time, →ISSN:
text: A sub-genre of reggae, ragga is a modern Jamaican sound with ties to the oldest traditional music of that island-nation. The name is taken from the word “raggamuffin”, a term used for disenfranchised youth. One popular ragga singer called Half Pint said, “A lot of people interpret raggamuffin as if it [is]^([sic]) a criminal morality.”
ref: 2016, Linda Dailey Paulson, “Ragga”, in Dave DiMartino, editor, Music in the 20th Century, volume 1, Routledge, →ISBN, page 514:
text: Fling a ragga riddim like it's '03
ref: 2019, Wiley et al, “Boasty”:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A subgenre of reggae and dancehall influenced by hip hop and digital production techniques such as sampling.
Derived terms: Raggastani
Related terms: raga
edamame
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛdəˈmɑːmeɪ/
Forms: form: edamames
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 枝(えだ)豆(まめ) (edamame, literally “stem beans”).
Senses: examples: text: When Americans started eating more sushi in the 1980s, edamame also became more popular. More than 95 percent of the edamame consumed in the US comes from China, but domestic production of the edible green soybean is on the rise.
ref: 2019, Karman Meyer, Eat to Sleep, Adams Media, →ISBN, page 81:
glosses: Fresh green soybeans boiled as a vegetable.
ramie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: răʹmē
ipa: /ˈɹæmi/
enpr: răʹmē
enpr: rāʹmē
ipa: /ˈɹæmi/
ipa: /ˈɹeɪmi/
rhymes: -æmi
rhymes: -eɪmi
Forms: form: ramies
Etymology: From Malay rami.
Senses: glosses: A tall, tropical Asian perennial herb, of species Boehmeria nivea, cultivated for its fibrous stems.
glosses: The fibre extracted from this plant known especially for its ability to hold shape, reduce wrinkling, and introduce a silky lustre used to make textiles, fishing nets, upholstery, etc.
Synonyms: China grass
Chinese silk
ramee
Derived terms: word: true ramie
word: white ramie
word: green ramie
taxonomic: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
alt: rhea
word: Indian ramie
rangebound
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From range + bound.
Senses: topics: business
finance
glosses: Having a price constrained to lie between certain upper and lower limits.
raw_tags: of stocks and shares
Dutch arrow
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Dutch arrows
Senses: glosses: a Swiss arrow
Swiss arrow
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Swiss arrows
Senses: glosses: a dart in the form of arrow with an extra notch with which it is thrown using a string
Synonyms: Dutch arrow
Yorkshire arrow
paper mache
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpeɪpə ˈmaʃeɪ/
Etymology: Influenced by the English cognate paper.
Senses: glosses: Informal spelling of papier-mâché.
papier mache
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: papier maches
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of papier-mâché.
Braunschweiger
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈbɹaʊnʃwaɪɡɚ/
Forms: form: braunschweiger
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to the city of Braunschweig in Germany.
Braunschweiger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbɹaʊnʃwaɪɡɚ/
Forms: form: Braunschweigers
form: braunschweiger
Senses: glosses: A native or inhabitant of the city of Braunschweig in Germany.
qualifier: often uncapitalized
glosses: A kind of sausage, or a sausage of this kind; a liverwurst.
brave new world
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: brave new worlds
Etymology: From the title of Aldous Huxley's 1932 novel Brave New World, itself a reference to a line from The Tempest (1610), see quotations.
Senses: examples: text: O wonder! / How many goodly creatures are there heere? / How beauteous mankinde is? O braue new world / That has ſuch people in't.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 17:
text: Will digital broadcasting, 'mega-channel-land', change everything or nothing? Will it be a brave new world, or simply more of the same?
ref: 1999, Helen Kelly-Holmes, European Television Discourse in Transition, →ISBN, page 6:
glosses: A better, often utopian (future) world.
examples: text: In this brave new world, the IMF and other Western financial institutions dictated radical free trade "shock treatment" to both developing nations and the former USSR ...
ref: 2005, Will Watson, “The Ethics of Living American Primacy”, in Allan Eickelman et al., editors, Justice and Violence: Political Violence, Pacifism and Cultural Transformation, →ISBN, page 103:
glosses: A terrible, often oppressive or dystopian world.
bravissimo
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Etymology: From Italian bravissimo.
Senses: examples: text: 'He has spoken, Sir,' replied Lowe, whose angry passions were roused by the insults of Dangerfield, and who had, for the moment, lost his customary caution.
'Ha!' cried Dangerfield, with a sort of gasp, and a violent smirk, the joyousness of which was, however, counteracted by a lurid scowl and a wonderful livid glare in his wild eyes; 'ha! he has? Bravo, Sir, bravissimo!' and he smirked wider and wider, and beat his uninjured hand upon the table, like a man applauding the denouement of a play.
ref: 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:
glosses: The intensive form of bravo.
Synonyms: well done
bread-and-butter
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more bread-and-butter
form: most bread-and-butter
Etymology: Reflecting that bread and butter are archetypally basic foodstuffs (daily necessities) in the places where the English language developed; compare daily bread, put bread on the table, earn one's bread, bread and water (as prisoners' diet or poverty diet), and know which side one's bread is buttered on.
Senses: examples: text: These road warrior plays were fronted by former semistars like Forrest Tucker or Hugh O'Brian, who had had their bread-and-butter TV shows cancelled. The job could pay $3,000 to $5,000 a week […]
ref: 2015, Robert Crane, Christopher Fryer, Crane: Sex, Celebrity, and My Father's Unsolved Murder, page 34:
glosses: Relating to basic sustenance or the requirements for everyday living.
examples: text: bread-and-butter pudding
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see bread, and, butter.
bread-and-butter
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Etymology: Reflecting that bread and butter are archetypally basic foodstuffs (daily necessities) in the places where the English language developed; compare daily bread, put bread on the table, earn one's bread, bread and water (as prisoners' diet or poverty diet), and know which side one's bread is buttered on.
Senses: glosses: A general saying used to ward off bad luck
glosses: A saying specifically used to ward off bad luck when separating hands to walk either side of a tree
Related terms: bread-and-butter issue
bread-and-butter letter
bread-and-butter note
bread-and-butter pickle
bread-and-butter plate
bread-and-butter pudding
bread-basket
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bread-baskets
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of breadbasket.
breadboard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: breadboards
form: bread board
Etymology: From bread + board.
Regarding definition 3: the etymology is either that electric circuits used to be prototyped on actual bread boards (definition 1) populated with nails, or that solder breadboards have lots of holes and are usually brown (they visually resemble a slice of bread), or a merging of the two. The etymology is less obvious today given the popularity of solderless breadboards.
Senses: glosses: A cutting board, especially for cutting bread.
examples: text: One way or the other, it was always back to Mother's breadboard on Monday.
ref: 1992 June 21, “The Breadboard Ornithopter”, in The New York Times:
glosses: A pull-out cutting board underneath a counter, found in many kitchens.
examples: text: If you are following a book like Starting Electronics, however, a breadboard is even more useful. […] Differences lie between breadboards in the spacings and the positionings of the holes, and the number of holes in each group.
ref: 2011 August 2, Keith Brindley, Starting Electronics, page 18:
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A device used to build a (usually temporary) prototype of an electronic circuit and for experimenting with circuit designs. Both solder and solderless versions are available; the solderless type are easily reusable.
Derived terms: breadboardable
breadboarding
breadboard
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: breadboards
form: breadboarding
form: breadboarded
form: breadboarded
form: bread board
Etymology: From bread + board.
Regarding definition 3: the etymology is either that electric circuits used to be prototyped on actual bread boards (definition 1) populated with nails, or that solder breadboards have lots of holes and are usually brown (they visually resemble a slice of bread), or a merging of the two. The etymology is less obvious today given the popularity of solderless breadboards.
Senses: examples: text: If the breadboarded circuit operates incorrectly or erratically, try relocating some of the components.
ref: 1990, Delton T. Horn, 49 electronic 6-volt projects, page 9:
text: There are many commercial breadboarding systems, but almost all of them are designed to facilitate the breadboarding of digital systems, where noise immunities are hundreds of millivolts or more.
ref: 1998, Jim Williams, The Art and Science of Analog Circuit Design, page 114:
glosses: To set up (an electronic device) on a breadboard.
brewer's yeast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: brewer's yeasts
Senses: topics: beverages
brewing
business
food
lifestyle
manufacturing
glosses: Any live yeast used in brewing or yeast obtained as a by-product of brewing, dried and killed, and used as nutritional yeast.
Hyponyms: sense: yeast associated with brewing
english: ale yeast
translation: ale yeast
word: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
sense: yeast associated with brewing
english: formerly Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
translation: formerly Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
word: Saccharomyces pastorianus
sense: yeast associated with brewing
alt: anamorph
word: Dekkera spp
sense: yeast associated with brewing
alt: teleomorph
word: Brettanomyces spp
word: turbo yeast
Related terms: baker's yeast
brick wall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: brick walls
Senses: glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see brick, wall. A wall made of bricks.
examples: text: The investigators came up against a brick wall in their search for the missing money when they discovered it had been transferred overseas.
text: They all ran up against the brick wall of high cost until the cryogenic option was proven feasible in 1973.
ref: 1981, Donald D., William R. Corliss Baals, Wind Tunnels of NASA:
glosses: An obstacle.
examples: text: One of the first problems with the digital audio process is the use of brick wall filters with very steep slopes for anti-aliasing and anti-imaging purposes.
ref: 2005, Daniel M. Thompson, Understanding Audio, →ISBN:
text: To reconstruct the sampled signal, an ideal brick wall filter is demanded to remove the output of band signal.
ref: 2012, Steve Hung, Lung Tu, Analog Circuit Design for Communication SOC, →ISBN, page 184:
text: For example, a first order filter can be converted to a brick wall filter by multiplying by the brick wall factor 1.57.
ref: 2012, Art Kay, Operational Amplifier Noise, →ISBN:
qualifier: sound engineering
glosses: A type of anti-aliasing filter with a steep cutoff.
examples: text: When mama says she doesn't talk, she means it. She's a brick wall.
ref: 1987, National Thespian Dramatic Honor Society for High Schools, Dramatics, volume 59, page 23:
text: "Does he talk much? I mean, does he initiate conversation?"
"No. He's a brick wall," I said.
ref: 1992, Judith Caseley, My Father, The Nutcase, page 34:
text: Having uttered these benign assurances, Mr Burner III became a brick wall.
ref: 1997, Edward R.F. Sheeran, Cardinal Galsworthy, page 182:
glosses: Someone who is silent or unresponsive.
Derived terms: hit a brick wall
brickwalled
brick-walled
Related terms: brick-wall limiter
like talking to a wall
stonewall