cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
campiest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of campy: most campy
extra-Biblical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: extra-biblical
form: extrabiblical
form: extra biblical
Etymology: From extra- + Biblical.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to information or content outside the Bible.
Synonyms: sense: outside the Bible
word: apocryphal
carbonation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: carbonations
Etymology: From carbonate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: Soda pop is basically sugar water with a little bit of flavoring and added carbonation.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
antonyms: decarbonation
coordinate_terms: recarbonation
glosses: The state of having carbon dioxide gas dissolved in a liquid; the act or process of creating that state.
examples: text: Celia didn't eat at the diner anymore because she thought the carbonation in their fountain drinks was off.
glosses: The amount or level of dissolved carbon dioxide remaining in solution.
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
synonyms: carbonatation
glosses: The replacement of calcium hydroxide with calcium carbonate triggered by a chemical reaction.
antonyms: decarbonation
decarbonization
coordinate_terms: recarbonation
recarbonization
glosses: Synonym of carbonization.
synonyms: word: carbonization
Derived terms: decarbonation
anglicises
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: anglicizes
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of anglicise
anglicising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: anglicizing
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of anglicise
back in
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: backs in
form: backing in
form: backed in
form: backed in
Senses: examples: text: ... the engine driver drew over the points and at once backed into the siding. He backed in steadily and stopped. The siding would not hold the train, and the guard hooked off five waggons, and the engine ...
ref: 1877, Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Accounts and papers of the House of Commons, page 39:
glosses: To reverse a vehicle into a space.
examples: 1921, Henry Luttrell, Crockford’s: Or Life in the West, Sketch No. III
Whatever you throw is your chance. I called five for the main, which is the out chance, and threw seven to it, which is the in chance. If I throw five first, I lose, and if seven I win. You can back me in by betting the odds, or you can back me out, by taking the odds, the bank answers either way.
topics: gambling
games
glosses: To bet that a player or team will win, as opposed to bet that they will lose.
Related terms: back into
back in
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Senses: examples: text: back in the time of the dinosaurs
text: back in the ’60s
glosses: In the past time of.
anglicizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: anglicises
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of anglicize
anglicizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: Anglicising
form: anglicising
form: Anglicizing
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of anglicize
in-universe
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Referring to Lord Voldemort as the most feared person in the world is an in-universe classification in the Harry Potter series.
text: And in Mass Effect 2, you can find a secret dossier on the synthetic Geth sniper called Legion, which was created solely to preserve its species. This dossier shows that this apparently serious Geth spends a lot of processing time playing video games — ranging from playing as a Level 612 Ardat-Yakshi Necromancer in Galaxy of Fantasy, an in-universe MMO with over eleven billion players, to being a max-scoring sniper in Code of Honor: Medal of Duty.
ref: 2017, Jordan Erica Webber, Daniel Griliopoulos, “On utilitarianism: BioWare's baddies”, in Ten Things Video Games can Teach Us, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 243:
text: The Star Wars novels, comics, video games, television series, and radio shows created between 1977 and 2012 all constitute an original Expanded Universe (EU) of in-universe history and lore set within the same transmedia franchise.
ref: 2019, Monica Louzon, “Mara Jade, Frontier Woman”, in Melanie A. Marotta, editor, Women's Space, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 29:
synonyms: intradiegetic
diegetic
Watsonian
antonyms: out-of-universe
extradiegetic
Doylist
glosses: Referring to a perspective or view from the context of a fictional world, in contrast to a perspective from the real world.
Related terms: canon
subjunctivity
LGM
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: LGMs
Senses: topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: Initialism of Lady International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster.
examples: text: A life-hostile change in the Martian climate may have taken place early enough to arrest the evolution of complex life and, of course, the emergence of LGM,* which means the riverbeds may indeed hold the fossil remains of an extinct primitive biota.
ref: 2025, Neil deGrasse Tyson, “Planets, Moons, and Cosmic Debris”, in Just Visiting This Planet, Revised and Updated for the Twenty-First Century (Science / Astronomy), Blackstone Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:
glosses: Initialism of little green man.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A pulsar designation.
topics: geography
glaciology
natural-sciences
glosses: Initialism of last glacial maximum.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Prefix code for a silo-launched surface-attack guided missile.
LGM
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Initialism of let's go Mets.
Hubble
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌbəl/
rhymes: -ʌbəl
Forms: form: Hubbles
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman, from Old Northern French Hubald, from Old High German Hucbalt, Hugbald, from Proto-West Germanic *Hugibald.
Senses: examples: text: Unlike the Hubble telescope, which orbits a few hundred miles above the Earth’s surface and is relatively accessible for servicing missions, the JWST will be located at what is called the L2 point, a location about a million miles farther away from the sun than the Earth.
ref: 2021 December 24, Don Lincoln, “The telescope that will replace Hubble will launch on Christmas. Here’s why it matters”, in CNN:
glosses: An English surname transferred from the given name derived from the Norman French given name Hubald.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Kentucky, United States.
glosses: A township in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States.
Hubble
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌbəl/
rhymes: -ʌbəl
Etymology: After Edwin Hubble, US astronomer.
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: The astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
qualifier: space flight
glosses: The Hubble Space Telescope.
Hubble
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌbəl/
rhymes: -ʌbəl
Forms: form: Hubbles
Etymology: After Edwin Hubble, US astronomer.
Senses: topics: engineering
natural-sciences
optics
physical-sciences
physics
qualifier: space flight
glosses: A space telescope or spy satellite with a design like the Hubble Space Telescope.
Derived terms: HST
Hubble constant
Hubble diagram
Hubble expansion
Hubble flow
Hubble horizon
Hubble law
Hubble length
Hubble parameter
Hubble radius
Hubble-Sandage variable
Hubble's constant
Hubble's law
Hubble sphere
Hubble's Star
Hubble's Variable
Hubble's Variable Nebula
Hubble tension
Hubble time
Hubble volume
stubby Hubble
Related terms: Hubbel
Hubbell
carbon-date
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: carbon-dates
form: carbon-dating
form: carbon-dated
form: carbon-dated
form: carbon date
Senses: examples: text: After carbon-dating the artifact, the archaeologist determined that it was of late bronze age manufacture.
glosses: To gauge the age of (an organic material) by comparing the ratio of carbon isotopes.
Synonyms: radiocarbon-date
Related terms: carbon-14
cavernously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more cavernously
form: most cavernously
Etymology: From cavernous + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The lurid unearthly glow still hovered in the shadowy chamber, lighting ghostlily the dead face of Thugra Khotan, which seemed to grin mirthlessly and cavernously at them.
ref: 1933, Robert Howard, Black Colossus:
glosses: In a cavernous manner; like a cavern.
examples: text: ...the mother of the boy was alarmed beyond measure at Jimmie's curious illness, which caused him to lie on the rug in front of the fire and groan cavernously.
ref: 1899, Stephen Crane, Making an Orator:
glosses: In a cavernous manner; sounding deep, hollow, or echoey.
warmed-over
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From warmed + over.
Senses: glosses: reheated
raw_tags: of cooked food
glosses: clichéd, overused or stale
Synonyms: word: warmed-up
Related terms: like death warmed over
warm-heartedly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more warm-heartedly
form: most warm-heartedly
form: warmheartedly
Etymology: From warm-hearted + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a warm-hearted manner.
warmheartedness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From warmhearted + -ness.
Senses: glosses: the quality of being warmhearted
warmish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From warm + -ish.
Senses: glosses: somewhat warm
per alia
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin per alia, from per (“by; through”) + alia (“others”).
Senses: examples: text: If humans are mortal, and Socrates is a human, then per alia Socrates is mortal.
glosses: By others; through others. Said of a proposition held to be true because it follows from other true propositions.
Related terms: per se
guessing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɛsɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛsɪŋ
Forms: form: guessings
Etymology: From Middle English gessyng, gessynge, equivalent to guess + -ing.
Senses: glosses: The act of making a guess; estimate or prediction; foresight.
guessing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɛsɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛsɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English gessyng, equivalent to guess + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of guess
Derived terms: guessing game
guessingly
second-guessing
cave-in
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cave-ins
Etymology: Deverbal from cave in.
Senses: examples: text: We were warned away from the rickety old mine because of the danger of cave-ins.
synonyms: breakage
collapse
rockfall
glosses: The act of something collapsing or caving in.
examples: text: We couldn't get past the cave-in blocking the tunnel.
synonyms: blockage
collapse
rockfall
glosses: The location where something has caved in.
examples: text: It was a cave-in, but I let my child have a candy to shut her up.
synonyms: acquiescence
consent
sellout
glosses: The act of relenting.
cave-in
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: Deverbal from cave in.
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of cave in.
cast-iron
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more cast-iron
form: most cast-iron
Senses: examples: text: The only part of the passenger railway still in private hands is the rolling stock. The rolling stock companies (ROSCOs) have a cast-iron guarantee that come hell or high water, they still get their charges. Even if half the fleet is parked up in sidings, they are still entitled to all their payments.
ref: 2020 April 8, Christian Wolmar, “"The show must go on": the railways must remain open”, in Rail, page 49:
glosses: Alternative spelling of cast iron.
cast-iron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cast-irons
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of cast iron.
castiron
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more castiron
form: most castiron
form: cast-iron
form: cast iron
Senses: examples: text: Camped around its base and sleeping in a primitive 'skerm' of branches at night, with a bubbling castiron pot over a permanent fire, they would chip away until the great tree was down.
ref: 1974, Hjalmar Thesan, Country Days: Chronicles of Knysna & the Southern Cape, David Philip, published 1974, →ISBN, page 35:
text: we add wood to the castiron stove, and midnight's
candlelight trembles on the ceiling
ref: 1986, Donald Hall, The Happy Man: Poems, Random House, published 1986, →ISBN, page 21:
text: A large, castiron pot of beef stew was slowly simmering.
ref: 1999, Ken Hodgson, The Hell Benders, Pinnacle Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 139:
glosses: Alternative spelling of cast iron.
castiron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cast-iron
form: cast iron
Senses: examples: text: Build low-cost safe furnace to melt aluminum, brass, even 20 pounds of castiron!
ref: 1989, Popular Science, November 1989, page 133 (advertisement)
text: (Of course, they ain't no churchveil in the world could withstand the bruising of a history like the one oldman Salizar and that Mother Maurina gave me later – unless of course it make from castiron – but fortunately enough I haven't heard of none of that nonsense yet.)
ref: 1991, Robin Clark, Divina Trace, Robin Clark, published 1991, →ISBN, page 115:
text: The brackets attaching the fire chamber to the bellows are made from castiron.
ref: 1995, Paul Jackson, Smoking Allowed: A Pictorial Past of Honey Bee Smokers in the United States, A.I. Root Company, published 1995, →ISBN, page 14:
glosses: Alternative spelling of cast iron.
modeler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: modelers
form: modeller
Etymology: From model + -er.
Senses: glosses: a person who makes models, especially from a plastic medium such as clay
glosses: a person who models the behaviour of a physical system, especially by using a computer model
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: a computer program that simulates a physical system
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: a computer program that generates a three-dimensional representation of an object or system
Derived terms: scale modeler
modeller
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: modellers
Etymology: From model + -er.
Senses: examples: text: ... Or the proper fan might make a model of the Underground. Probably the leading Underground modeller is John Polley, who used to be a Tube train driver.
ref: 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 268:
text: In an ingenious approach, a team of 11 scientists – including biologists, geneticists, glaciologists, computer scientists and ice-sheet modellers – looked at the genetics of Turquet’s octopus – a species that has been living around the Antarctic continent for about 4m years.
ref: 2023 February 24, Graham Readfearn, The Guardian:
glosses: Alternative spelling of modeler.
Derived terms: aeromodeller
biomodeller
Esteban
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Estebans
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish Esteban.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Spanish.
Related terms: San Esteban
San Esteban Catarina
incriminate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪŋˈkɹɪmɪneɪt/
Forms: form: incriminates
form: incriminating
form: incriminated
form: incriminated
Etymology: Borrowed from Medieval Latin incriminatum, past participle of incrimino, from Latin in + crimino.
Senses: examples: text: The newspapers incriminated the innocent man unjustly.
glosses: To accuse or bring criminal charges against.
examples: text: We have all sorts of evidence which incriminates you.
glosses: To indicate the guilt of.
Derived terms: incriminator
incriminatory
self-incriminate
Related terms: criminate
incrimination
get the goods on
reaffirm
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːəˈfɜː(ɹ)m/
Forms: form: reaffirms
form: reaffirming
form: reaffirmed
form: reaffirmed
Etymology: From re- + affirm.
Senses: examples: text: Amid the heightened tensions in the Taiwan Strait, the Japan-US "2+2" (Foreign and Defense Ministerial Meeting) joint statement issued in Tokyo on March 16, 2021 noted that "the ministers underscored the importance of peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait". Needless to say, this statement was made with the "Taiwan clause" in mind, which labels "the maintenance of peace and security in the Taiwan region" a "most important factor" for the security of Japan. The "Taiwan clause," which unlike the "Korea clause" had not been renewed since the 1969 Japan-US Joint Statement, was thereby reaffirmed after more than half a century.
ref: 2022 February 15, Hideya Kurata, “[Research Reports] "Ad Hoc US-China Concert" on the Korean Peninsula and the Taiwan Strait Issue”, in Japan Institute of International Affairs, archived from the original on 19 Mar 2022:
glosses: To affirm again.
examples: text: The recent tragedy served only to reaffirm his faith.
text: They standardize the terminology that professionals should use with patients and reaffirms the role that an endocrinologist should play in the patient’s broader individualized care.
ref: 2024 February 26, Jen Christiansen, “First on CNN: Major medical society re-examines clinical guidelines for gender-affirming care”, in CNN:
glosses: To bolster or support.
Derived terms: reaffirmance
emulsify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈmʊlsɪfaɪ/
Forms: form: emulsifies
form: emulsifying
form: emulsified
form: emulsified
Senses: synonyms: emulsionize
antonyms: de-emulsify
glosses: To make into an emulsion.
Derived terms: demulsify
emulsifiable
emulsifier
microemulsified
microemulsifying
nanoemulsifying
phacoemulsified
unemulsified
fibrillate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfʌɪbrɪleɪt/
ipa: /ˈfɪbrɪleɪt/
Forms: form: fibrillates
form: fibrillating
form: fibrillated
form: fibrillated
Etymology: From fibrilla.
Senses: glosses: To make rapid irregular movements.
Derived terms: defibrillate
philosophize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɪˈlɒsəfaɪz/
Forms: form: philosophizes
form: philosophizing
form: philosophized
form: philosophized
form: philosophise
Etymology: From philosophy + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: The popular influence of the scientific specialist begins to rival that of the philosopher only when he ceases to be a specialist and commences to philosophize about the progress of his subject—and usually only after he has been taken up by the intellectuals for reasons which have little to do with his scientific eminence.
ref: 1949, F. A. Hayek, “The Intellectuals and Socialism”, in University of Chicago Law Review, volume 16, number 3, Chicago: University of Chicago, →DOI, page 424:
glosses: To ponder or reason out philosophically.
Derived terms: philosophizable
philosophization
philosophizer
unphilosophize
unphilosophized
germinate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɜː(ɹ)mɪneɪt/
Forms: form: germinates
form: germinating
form: germinated
form: germinated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin germinātus, perfect passive participle of germinō (“to sprout”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: the Chalcites, which hath a Spirit that will put forth and germinate
ref: 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
text: It would suffice to keep up the full number of a tree, which lived on an average for a thousand years, if a single seed were produced once in a thousand years, supposing that this seed were never destroyed, and could be ensured to germinate in a fitting place. So that in all cases, the average number of any animal or plant depends only indirectly on the number of its eggs or seeds.
ref: 1859, Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species:
text: Orchids rely on fungi to reproduce. Their tiny seeds don't have any on-board nutrients (like beans and apples) and will not germinate until they are infected by a symbiotic fungus which supplies them with food. Known as a protocorm, this tiny orchid-fungus ball grows, turns green and eventually starts to photosynthesise.
ref: 2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:
text: […] The flesh [of the mistletoe berry] is sticky, and forms strings and ribbons between my thumb and forefinger. For the mistletoe, this viscous goop – and by the way, viscous comes to English from viscum – is crucial. The stickiness means that, after eating the berries, birds often regurgitate the seeds and then wipe their bills on twigs – leading to the seeds' getting glued to the tree, where they can germinate and begin the cycle anew.
ref: 2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 23 Dec 2014:
topics: agriculture
biology
botany
business
horticulture
lifestyle
natural-sciences
glosses: Of a seed, to begin to grow, to sprout roots and leaves.
examples: text: These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.
ref: 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:
glosses: To cause to grow; to produce.
Synonyms: english: Chester
translation: Chester
word: ackerspyre
Derived terms: autogerminate
degerminator
germinative
ingerminate
nongerminated
pregerminated
regerminate
ungerminated
ungerminating
Related terms: germ
german
germane
germen
germination
adder's tongue
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: adder's tongues
Senses: synonyms: serpent's tongue
snake's tongue
glosses: Any of several ferns in the genus Ophioglossum, whose spores are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.
glosses: A lily in the genus Erythronium, other common names of which include fawn lily, trout lily and dog's tooth violet.
glosses: Hart's tongue (fern) (Asplenium scolopendrium, syn. Phyllitis scolopendrium).
qualifier: Chester
glosses: early-purple orchid, early spring orchis Orchis mascula
Hyponyms: sense: Erythronium
word: trout lily
sense: Erythronium
word: dog's-tooth violet
adder's tongues
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of adder's tongue
subdivide
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsʌb.dɪˈvaɪd/
Forms: form: subdivides
form: subdividing
form: subdivided
form: subdivided
Etymology: From sub- + divide.
Senses: glosses: To divide into smaller sections.
examples: text: This used to be farmland before developers bought it and subdivided it.
text: Several local families recorded plots of land as additions to the town's territory and subdivided them into house lots.
ref: 1993, Historic American Building Survey, Town of Clayburg: Refractories Company Town, National Park Service, 3
topics: business
real-estate
glosses: To divide into smaller sections.
To divide a plot of land into plots for residences; to convert open land into housing.
examples: text: The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those colonies were subdivided into many others.
ref: [1682], [John] Dryden, Religio Laici or A Laymans Faith. A Poem, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:
glosses: To divide divisions into smaller divisions.
Related terms: subdivision
subcontract
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: subcontracts
form: subcontracting
form: subcontracted
form: subcontracted
Etymology: From sub- + contract.
Senses: glosses: To contract out portions of a larger contracted project.
Synonyms: farm out
outsource
subcontract
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: subcontracts
Etymology: From sub- + contract.
Senses: examples: 2010, Cristina T. Chaplain, Defense Acquisitions: Additional Guidance Needed to Improve Visibility into the Structure and Management of Major Weapon System Subcontracts, US Government Accountability Office
Once the prime contract has been awarded, “major” subcontractors typically remain the same over the life cycle of the program—from development to production—even if the subcontracts were originally competed.
glosses: A portion of a contracted project that is contracted out in turn.
overfeed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: overfeeds
form: overfeeding
form: overfed
form: overfed
Etymology: From over- + feed.
Senses: glosses: To feed a person or animal too much.
glosses: To eat more than is necessary.
glosses: To feed material (e.g. fuel into a burner) from above.
Derived terms: overfeeder
philosophically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more philosophically
form: most philosophically
Etymology: From philosophical + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a philosophical manner.
cachalote
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cachalotes
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of cachalot.
glosses: Alternative form of cacholote.
spikemoss
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spikemosses
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of spike moss.
restructure
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈstɹʌktʃə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: restructures
form: restructuring
form: restructured
form: restructured
Etymology: From re- + structure.
Senses: examples: text: On Tuesday, a proposal to fundamentally restructure the Minneapolis police department in the wake of George Floyd’s death in 2020 was soundly defeated, a setback that even many Democrats acknowledged could be laid at the feet of the “defund the police” movement that some within the party embraced last summer.
ref: 2021 November 5, Chris Cillizza, “Even Democrats are now admitting ‘Defund the Police’ was a massive mistake”, in CNN:
glosses: To change the organization of.
examples: text: Valencia were in crisis, a club with two stadiums – one they could not sell and one that they could not afford to finish building – and a debt of €230m, the repayment of which was restructured.
ref: 2017 January 18, Sid Lowe, “Chaos at Mestalla: Valencia's journey from Champions League to utter disarray”, in The Guardian:
topics: business
finance
glosses: To modify the terms of a loan, providing relief to a debtor who would otherwise be forced to default.
restructure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈstɹʌktʃə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: restructures
Etymology: From re- + structure.
Senses: examples: text: We found this in the 1990s when organisations went through some fairly severe restructures.
ref: 2009 March 24, Liam Walsh, “Suncorp remodel job risk”, in Herald Sun:
glosses: A reorganization.
spike moss
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spike mosses
form: spikemoss
Senses: glosses: Any of various simple vascular plants, of the family Selaginellaceae, that resemble mosses and produce spores.
Synonyms: english: includes Lycopodium, the club moss
translation: includes Lycopodium, the club moss
word: lycopod
slither
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈslɪð.ə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈslɪð.ɚ/
rhymes: -ɪðə(ɹ)
Forms: form: slithers
form: slithering
form: slithered
form: slithered
Etymology: From Middle English slitheren, alteration of slideren (“to slither, creep”), from Old English slidrian (“to slip, slide, slither”), from Proto-West Germanic *slidrōn (“to slide, slither”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slip”), equivalent to slide + -er (frequentative suffix). Cognate with Dutch slidderen (“to slip, wriggle, slither”), German schlittern (“to slither, skid”). More at slide.
Senses: examples: text: [Indiana:] Wave it at anything that slithers.
[Marion:] The whole place is slithering!
ref: 1981, Lawrence Kasdan, Raiders of the Lost Ark:
text: She also had a map of the building, not that it was very large, and she'd memorized the layout. The guard station would be right around the corner, and there ought to be a counter about the height of a half-wall looking out over the corridor with only a bulletin board on the opposite wall. She crouched down, and slithered left.
ref: 2023 October 12, HarryBlank, “Fire in the Hole”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 22 May 2024:
glosses: To move about smoothly and from side to side.
examples: text: Some snow slides recorded have exceeded a million tons and slithered down the mountain-side at a speed of 60 miles an hour.
ref: 1954 February, Trevor Holloway, “Canada's Transcontinental Routes”, in Railway Magazine, page 128:
text: I bent down and with both hands I scooped up as much of this pissshit as I could. The green and brown clump felt like Jello as it dripped down all over my clothes. It was slithering through inbetween^([sic]) my fingers.
ref: 2003, J. Flash, An American Savage:
glosses: To slide.
Derived terms: aslither
slitherer
slitherlink
slithery
Slytherin
slither
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈslɪð.ə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈslɪð.ɚ/
rhymes: -ɪðə(ɹ)
Etymology: From Middle English slitheren, alteration of slideren (“to slither, creep”), from Old English slidrian (“to slip, slide, slither”), from Proto-West Germanic *slidrōn (“to slide, slither”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slip”), equivalent to slide + -er (frequentative suffix). Cognate with Dutch slidderen (“to slip, wriggle, slither”), German schlittern (“to slither, skid”). More at slide.
Senses: glosses: Slithery; slippery.
slither
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈslɪð.ə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈslɪð.ɚ/
rhymes: -ɪðə(ɹ)
Etymology: From Middle English slitheren, alteration of slideren (“to slither, creep”), from Old English slidrian (“to slip, slide, slither”), from Proto-West Germanic *slidrōn (“to slide, slither”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slip”), equivalent to slide + -er (frequentative suffix). Cognate with Dutch slidderen (“to slip, wriggle, slither”), German schlittern (“to slither, skid”). More at slide.
Senses: glosses: A limestone rubble.
glosses: A sliver.
Related terms: sliver
spike mosses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of spike moss
spikemosses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of spikemoss
repave
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈpeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: repaves
form: repaving
form: repaved
form: repaved
Etymology: From re- + pave.
Senses: examples: text: Work includes painting, and repaving platforms, at Upwey and Weymouth.
ref: 2021 November 3, “Network News: Weymouth-Bristol shuts for 16 days”, in RAIL, number 943, page 20:
glosses: To pave over again.
club mosses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of club moss
renegotiate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: renegotiates
form: renegotiating
form: renegotiated
form: renegotiated
Etymology: From re- + negotiate.
Senses: examples: text: The United States announced today that it had renegotiated an important agreement governing textile trade between developing nations and the industrialized countries.
ref: 1986 February 8, Kenneth B. Noble, “MULTI-FIBER AGREEMENT SET BY U.S.”, in The New York Times:
text: The Cordiant Communications Group in London, the troubled agency company, said yesterday that it would seek to sell additional assets to reduce debt as it renegotiates its loan agreements with banks for a second time.
ref: 2003 February 21, Nat Ives, “THE MEDIA BUSINESS: ADVERTISING -- ADDENDA; Cordiant Seeks To Sell More Assets”, in The New York Times:
text: The compulsion to expose, renegotiate, or reinvent the strengths and weaknesses of dance tradition offers little in its final outcome to attract the average dance-goer.
ref: 2013, Deborah Hay, My Body, The Buddhist, →ISBN, page 78:
text: Ultimately, urbex remains a kind of cipher—occasionally, it catches media attention, and is grouped with other subcultures, like parkour, or even steampunk (Dawdy 2010), that are somehow "remixing" or renegotiating ways to relate to space, and how particular spaces are envisioned to exist within time.
ref: 2015, Veronica Davidov, “9: Abandoned Environments: Producing New Systems of Value Through Urban Exploration”, in Ismael Vaccaro, Krista Harper, Seth Murray, editors, The Anthropology of Postindustrialism: Ethnographies of Disconnection, unnumbered page:
glosses: To negotiate new terms to replace old ones.
Related terms: renegotiation
microphyllous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From micro- + phyllous.
Senses: glosses: Of or having microphyll leaves
megaphyllous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From mega- + -phyllous.
Senses: glosses: Of or having megaphyll leaves
megaphyll
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: megaphylls
Etymology: From mega- + -phyll.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A leaf having an internally branching system of veins, or a structure that is derived from such a leaf.
Derived terms: megaphyllous
megaphylly
Related terms: megaphyte
microphyll
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: microphylls
Etymology: From micro- + -phyll.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A leaf having a single unbranched vein, or a structure that is derived from such a leaf.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A very small leaf
Related terms: microphyllous
microphylls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of microphyll
megaphylls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of megaphyll
quillwort
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quillworts
Etymology: From quill + wort.
Senses: glosses: Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Isoetaceae, that resemble rushes and produce spores.
Derived terms: lake quillwort
land quillwort
spring quillwort
Related terms: Lycopodiophyta
quillworts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of quillwort
horsetail
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɔː(ɹ)s.teɪl/
Forms: form: horsetails
form: horse tail
Etymology: From Middle English horsetaile, horstaile, equivalent to horse + tail.
Senses: qualifier: literal
glosses: A tail of a horse.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Any of various simple vascular plants, of the order Equisetales, that have hollow stems and produce spores.
examples: text: Commanders were distinguished by the number of horsetails carried before them. The sultan had seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or one.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A Turkish standard denoting rank.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A mare's tail, a water plant in genus Hippuris.
glosses: Any waterfall, the descending water of which maintains contact with bedrock most of the time.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: cauda equina, a bundle of nerve fibers.
examples: text: They were psychic mediums that wore a horsetail hairstyle. They believed that their long hair acted as cosmic antennae to receive alien communication from beyond.
ref: 2011, George Romero, The Rescue, page 160:
text: The woman was tall and rail-thin, bony across the shoulders and breast, with arms and legs of wire and gristle. A fighter, she wore the traditional haircut, shaved temples, roach of hair tugged back in a horsetail.
ref: 2012, Clayton Emery, Mortal Consequences: Forgotten Realms:
glosses: A ponytail hairstyle.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Equisetum arvense
word: common horsetail
taxonomic: Equisetum telmateia
word: dwarf horsetail
taxonomic: Equisetum arvense
word: field horsetail
taxonomic: Equisetum telmateia
word: great horsetail
taxonomic: Pinus massoniana
word: horsetail pine
taxonomic: Casuarina equisetifolia
word: horsetail she-oak
word: horsetail syndrome
taxonomic: Equisetum palustre
word: marsh horsetail
word: meadow horsetail (Equisetum pratense
taxonomic: Equisetum hyemale
word: rough horsetail
taxonomic: Equisetum pratense
word: shade horsetail
taxonomic: Ephedra foliata
word: shrubby horsetail
taxonomic: Equisetum variegatum
word: variegated horsetail
taxonomic: Equisetum fluviatile
word: water horsetail
taxonomic: Equisetum sylvaticum
word: wood horsetail
Related terms: word: Equisetum
alt: syn. Hippochaete
word: Equisetum subg. Hippochaete
word: scouring rush
word: snake-grass
horsetails
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of horsetail
scouring rush
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: scouring rushes
Senses: glosses: Any of certain horsetails, especially rough horsetail (Equisetum hyemale), formerly used for scouring and polishing.
Synonyms: scrubgrass
shavegrass
Related terms: Dutch rush
Equisetum
Hippochaete
horsetail
puzzlegrass
scouring rushes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of scouring rush
whisk fern
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: whisk ferns
Senses: glosses: Any of various simple vascular plants, of the family Psilotaceae, that have leafless dichotomous stems and produce spores.
Related terms: pteridophyte
Psilotum
Tmesipteris
whisk ferns
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of whisk fern
pteridophyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɪˈɹɪdəˌfaɪt/
ipa: /təˈɹɪdəˌfaɪt/
ipa: /ˈtɛɹədəˌfaɪt/
Forms: form: pteridophytes
Etymology: From pterido- (“fern”) + -phyte (“plant”).
Senses: examples: text: Ferns, lycopods, and scouring rushes are all pteridophytes.
text: Most pteridophytes are homosporous, producing one type of spore that germinates to produce a potentially bisexual gametophyte.
ref: 1989, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, “Chapter 12: Polyploidy, Breeding Systems, and Genetic Differentiation in Homosporous Pteridophytes”, in Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, editors, Isozymes in Plant Biology, page 241:
text: 1990, A. C. Jermy, Conservation of Ppteridophytes, K.U. Kramer, Klaus Kubitzki, P.S. Green, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms, page 14,
Pteridophytes have evolved to fill almost every ecological niche but the greatest species diversity is clearly found in the tropical rainforest. The rapid disappearance of this biome throughout the world with many of their pteridophyte species yet undiscovered, let alone described, is of great concern.
text: Pteridophytes are known from as far back as the Silurian, or some 380 million years ago. During the Silurian and the immediately succeeding Lower Devonian there were a considerable number of psilophytes of much simpler construction than any other known type of pteridophyte.
ref: 2004, Pooja, Pteridophyta, page 13:
glosses: Any plant of the division Pteridophyta, of simple vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds and that alternate generations of diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte or prothallus) forms, the diploid generally being larger and more conspicuous.
Synonyms: sense: plant that reproduces via spores
word: cryptogam
Derived terms: pteridophytic
Related terms: pteridologist
pteridology
vascular plant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: vascular plants
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
synonyms: tracheophyte
antonyms: non-vascular plant
thallus
glosses: One of the Tracheophyta, any plant possessing vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), including ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.
Related terms: Tracheobionta
tracheophyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹakɪəˌfʌɪt/
ipa: /ˈtɹeɪki.əˌfaɪt/
Forms: form: tracheophytes
Etymology: From trachea (“xylem vessel”) + -phyte (“plant”).
Senses: examples: text: By virtue of the presence and absence of vascular tissues, the tracheophytes and the bryophytes were also considered two distinctly different levels of anatomical organization. Largely for these reasons, the bryophytes and the tracheophytes are traditionally viewed as two distinct lineages, though they trace their evolutionary history back to a common ancestor.
ref: 1997, Karl J. Niklas, The Evolutionary Biology of Plants, page 179:
text: The tracheophytes (vascular land plants) have a fossil record beginning in the Wenlock (Edwards et al. 1983).
ref: 2010, P. K. Strother, Thomas Servais, Marco Vecoli, “The effect of terrestrialization on marine ecosystems: the fall of CO₂”, in Marco Vecoli, Gaël Clément, B. Meyer-Berthaud, editors, The Terrestrialization Process, page 40:
text: There is a clear relationship between tracheophytes and trilete spores, but not with cryptospores.
ref: 2012, Philippe Steemans, Elodie Petus, Pierre Breuer, Paula Mauller-Mendlowicz, Philippe Gerrienne, “Paleozoic Innovations in the Micro- and Megafossil Plant Record: From the Earliest Plant Spores to the Earliest Seeds”, in John A. Talent, editor, Earth and Life: Global Biodiversity, Extinction Intervals and Biogeographic Perturbations Through Time, page 443:
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Any plant possessing vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), including ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.
Synonyms: sense: plant with vascular tissue
word: vascular plant
Derived terms: paratracheophyte
protracheophyte
Related terms: Tracheobionta
Tracheophyta
tracheophytes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tracheophyte
vascular plants
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of vascular plant
pteridophytes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pteridophyte
inspirational
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪnspəˈɹeɪʃənəl/
Forms: form: more inspirational
form: most inspirational
Etymology: From inspiration + -al.
Senses: examples: Near-synonym: motivational
glosses: Having the ability to inspire.
Derived terms: bioinspirational
funspirational
inspirationalism
inspirationalist
inspirationalization
inspirationally
pseudo-inspirational
uninspirational
inspirational
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪnspəˈɹeɪʃənəl/
Forms: form: inspirationals
Etymology: From inspiration + -al.
Senses: examples: text: She is the author of fifteen books for children, and her inspirationals have appeared in numerous magazines […]
ref: 2012, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Chicken Soup for the Christian Woman's Soul:
text: “All right, then,” Mel said. “Let's fill in the bestsellers, the inspirationals, and some of the children's books.”
ref: 2014, Diane O'Key, Beyond Words:
glosses: A book or article intended to inspire people with positive feelings.
pteridologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pteridologists
Etymology: From pteridology + -ist.
Senses: glosses: A person who studies ferns and other pteridophytes.
Related terms: pteridology
Pteridophyta
pteridophyte
pteridologists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pteridologist
inapproachable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more inapproachable
form: most inapproachable
Etymology: From in- + approachable.
Senses: synonyms: unapproachable
glosses: Not approachable.
Derived terms: inapproachably
pteridology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From pterido- + -logy.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
hyponyms: filicology
glosses: The scientific study of ferns and other pteridophytes.
Related terms: pteridologist
Pteridophyta
pteridophyte
inbound
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnbaʊnd/
Forms: form: more inbound
form: most inbound
Etymology: From in + bound.
Senses: examples: text: Taunton station is busy - even more so when the inbound working of my Bristol train arrives, laden with the usual mix of 'staycationers' and locals.
ref: 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 66:
glosses: Coming in, heading inwards
Derived terms: inbounder
inbounds
inbound
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnbaʊnd/
Forms: form: inbounds
form: inbounding
form: inbounded
form: inbounded
Etymology: From in + bound.
Senses: examples: text: Smith inbounds the ball to Johnson.
topics: ball-games
basketball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To pass a ball inbounds; to throw the ball in.
inbound
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnbaʊnd/
Forms: form: inbounds
Etymology: From in + bound.
Senses: qualifier: logistics
glosses: An inbound shipment.
glosses: A basketball throw-in.
incinerator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: incinerators
Etymology: From incinerate + -or.
Senses: glosses: A furnace that burns refuse.
Derived terms: antiincinerator
Related terms: incinerate
incineration
vascular tissue
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: vascular tissues
Senses: topics: anatomy
biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
zoology
glosses: The arteries, veins, capillaries, and associated tissues in an animal.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: The xylem, phloem, and associated tissues in a vascular plant.
Synonyms: sense: arteries, veins, and capillaries
word: circulatory tissue
Related terms: vascular bundle
inconclusive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/
ipa: /ˌɪŋkəŋˈkluːsɪv/
Forms: form: more inconclusive
form: most inconclusive
form: nonconclusive
Etymology: From in- + conclusive.
Senses: examples: text: Chofen is an unusually small hydrogen-helium gas giant, with traces of sulphur and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. The Alliance surveyor ship Ibn Battuta provided inconclusive evidence of hydrocarbon life in the atmosphere (over 1000 meters below the cloud tops), where pressure compresses Chofen's hydrogen into a liquid state.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Chofen planetary description:
text: He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved play on, with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.
ref: 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:
text: despite preliminary evidence of heightened vulnerability to PTSD in autistic individuals (Hoover, 2015; Kildahl et al., 2020), research is inconclusive as to whether there is a stronger association between PTSD and adverse health outcomes for autistic, relative to non-autistic individuals.
ref: 2025 May 17, Emily Hotez, Rebecca K. Tsevat, Sha Tao, Jenny Mai Phan, Philip Smith, Tammy Shen, Jonas Ventimiglia, Liliana Rivera, Hailey Kissner, Lisa A. Croen, Lindsay Shea, “Autism, Obesity, and PTSD Among Adolescents and Young Adults: An Analysis of National Medicaid Claims Data”, in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, →DOI:
glosses: Not conclusive, not leading to a conclusion.
Derived terms: inconclusively
inconclusiveness
vascular tissues
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of vascular tissue
in-depth
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more in-depth
form: most in-depth
Senses: examples: text: in-depth analysis
text: We are showing in-depth coverage of the World Championships.
text: Recruits will be taught in-depth electrical and mechanical engineering as well as gaining practical experience in rail maintenance.
ref: 2021 February 24, “Rail industry marks National Apprenticeship Week”, in RAIL, number 925, page 17:
glosses: Thorough; comprehensive.
Derived terms: in-depthness