mistletoe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɪs(ə)ltəʊ/
ipa: /ˈmɪsəlˌtoʊ/
Forms: form: mistletoes
form: misleto
form: miseltoe
form: misletoe
form: mistle-toe
form: misseltoe
Etymology: From Middle English mistelto, mistilto (“European mistletoe”), from Old English misteltān (“mistletoe”), from mistel (“mistletoe; basil; birdlime”) + tān (“sprig, shoot, twig”), possibly as a calque of Old Norse mistilteinn; equivalent to mistle + tan (“twig”). This was mistaken for the plural of tā (“toe”).
Cognate with Danish mistelten (“mistletoe”), Norwegian misteltein (“mistletoe”), Icelandic mistilteinn (“mistletoe”). Compare also the simplex form West Frisian mistel (“mistletoe”), Dutch mistel (“mistletoe”), German Mistel (“mistletoe”), Swedish mistel (“mistletoe”).
Senses: examples: text: Miſtletoe, by phyſicians, &c. called viſcus, grows to the height of about two feet. […] Pliny and moſt naturaliſts relate, that thruſhes being exceedingly fond of the berries of the miſtletoe; they ſwallow them, and caſt them out again on the branches of trees, where they uſe to perch; and by this means give occaſion to a new production of miſtletoe.
ref: 1738, E[phraim] Chambers, “MISTLETOE”, in Cyclopædia: Or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […] In Two Volumes, 2nd corrected and amended edition, volumes II (L–Z), London: […] D[aniel] Midwinter [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:
text: In Martigny I first observed the custom, common throughout many parts of Switzerland, of hanging mistletoes over the house doors; a superstition for which I have not been able to get any reason rendered.
ref: 1833 February, Robert Mallet, Jun., “Art. IV. Horticultural Jottanda of a Recent Continental Tour.”, in J[ohn] C[laudius] Loudon, editor, The Gardener’s Magazine, and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement, volume IX, number 42, London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, […], →OCLC, page 27:
text: Mistletoes were growing on the Euphorbias; they were much more succulent than when growing on woody shrubs or on trees. […] One of the Mistletoes common in Southern Africa, has small, myrtle-like leaves and red berries; another is leafless, and has stems resembling a Salicornia.
ref: 1844, James Backhouse, chapter XXX, in A Narrative of a Visit to the Mauritius and South Africa, London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co., […]; York: John L. Linney, […], →OCLC, page 534:
text: The brooms caused by Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe begin as small sprays of twigs radiating from a swollen limb […] but in time they become large, more or less spherical in shape, and often with long, droopy twigs. […] Although the parasite is present throughout each broom, the only visible portions of dwarf mistletoe are the reproductive shoots which are called "aerial shoots."
ref: 1985 May, Robert O. Tinnin, Donald M. Knutson, “Types of Dwarf Mistletoe Brooms”, in How to Identify Brooms in Douglas-fir Caused by Dwarf Mistletoe (United States Department of Agriculture Research Note; PNW 426), [Portland, Or.?]: Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 2:
text: [T]he stickiness [of mistletoe berries] persists through the gut, making it hard to defecate mistletoe seeds with any grace. To deal with this, birds like the silky flycatcher, Phainopepla nitens, that are mistletoe specialists, have evolved a "waggle dance" – also known as butt-wiping behavior – where they clean up by rubbing themselves against twigs. Indeed, the association with bird droppings may even be the origin of the word: Some evidence suggests that "mistletoe" comes from Anglo-Saxon for "dung on a twig."
ref: 2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 23 Dec 2014:
glosses: Any of numerous hemiparasitic evergreen plants of the order Santalales with white berries that grow in the crowns of apple trees, oaks, and other trees, such as the European mistletoe (Viscum album) and American mistletoe or eastern mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum).
examples: text: Miſtletoe! why I know what that is, as we garniſh our Houſe with it every Year, at Chriſtmas.
ref: 1782, Benjamin Martin, “Dialogue VI. Reflections on the Wonderful Nature, and Singular Properties of Some Kinds of Plants, Shrubs, and Trees; Exemplified in Missltoe,^([sic]) Sensitive Plant, Bulbous Garlic, Bee-orchis, and Egg-plant.”, in The Young Gentleman and Lady’s Philosophy in a Continued Survey of the Works of Nature and Art; by Way of Dialogue, volumes III, part IV (Containing a General Survey of Vegetation and Vegetables), London: Printed for W. Owen, […]; and the author, […], →OCLC, page 229:
text: There were ruddy, brown-faced, broad-girthed Spanish Onions, shining in the fatness of their growth like Spanish Friars; and winking from their shelves in wanton slyness at the girls as they went by, and glanced demurely at the hung-up mistletoe.
ref: 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Three. The Second of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 81–82:
text: Everybody knows a turkey and some mistletoe / Help to make the season bright / Tiny tots with their eyes all aglow / Will find it hard to sleep tonight
ref: 1946 November, Robert Wells, Mel Tormé, “The Christmas Song”, performed by Nat King Cole:
text: Rockin' around the Christmas tree / At the Christmas party hop / Mistletoe hung where you can see / Every couple tries to stop
ref: 1958, Johnny Marks, “Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree”, in Merry Christmas from Brenda Lee, performed by Brenda Lee:
text: Mistletoe. The word conjures winter holidays, office parties, stolen kisses, romance. But appreciation of the plant is no modern thing. Kissing under the mistletoe has been happening for at least 200 years. And some 2,000 years ago, the druids in which is now Britain venerated the plant when it grew on an oak. When they found it, they dressed in white, harvested it with a golden sickle, and sacrificed two white bulls.
ref: 2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 23 Dec 2014:
glosses: A sprig of one such plant used as a Christmas decoration, associated with the custom that a man may kiss any woman standing beneath it.
Synonyms: word: miseleden
word: misselden
word: misseldine
Derived terms: sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron leucarpum
word: American mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Dendrophthoe vitellina
word: apostle mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
word: Australian native mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
word: Dendrophthoe vitellina)
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron macrophyllum
word: bigleaf mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Amyema miquelii
word: box mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Tristerix spp.
word: cactus mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Viscum capense
word: Cape mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron tomentosum
word: Christmas mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Viscum album
word: common mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Peraxilla colensoi
word: crimson mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron densum
word: dense mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron californicum
word: desert mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Amyema pendula
word: drooping mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Arceuthobium spp.
word: dwarf mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron leucarpum
word: eastern mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Viscum album
word: European mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron spp.
word: false mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Misodendrum spp.
word: feathery mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron pauciflorum
word: fir mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Amyema miraculosa
word: fleshy mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Amyema quandang
word: grey mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron tomentosum
word: hairy mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Lysiana exocarpi
word: harlequin mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron libocedri
word: incense-cedar mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Korthalsella rubra
word: jointed mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron juniperinum
word: juniper mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron tomentosum
word: leafy mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Dendrophthoe vitellina
word: long-flowered mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron rubrum
word: mahogany mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron californicum
word: mesquite mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Dicaeum hirundinaceum
word: mistletoebird
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
word: mistletoe bird
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Carmenta phoradendri
word: mistletoe borer
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Rhipsalis spp.
word: mistletoe cactus
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
word: mistletoed
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Ficus deltoides
word: mistletoe fig
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Dicaeum hirundinaceum
word: mistletoe flowerpecker
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Carmenta tecta
word: mistletoe stem borer
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Turdus viscivorus
word: mistletoe thrush
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Zimmerius vilissimus
word: mistletoe tyrannulet
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Viscum album
word: mulberry mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Loranthus spp.
alt: et al.
word: native mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Lysiana subfalcata
word: northern mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron villosum
word: oak mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Viscum spp.
word: Old World mistleoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Dendrophthoe glabrescens
word: orange mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron villosum
word: Pacific mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
alt: Viscum cruciatum; Viscum rotundifolium
word: red-berry mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
alt: Peraxilla tetrapetala; Tapinanthus rubromarginatus
word: red mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron hawksworthii
word: rough mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Amyema miraculosa
word: round-leaf mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Arceuthobium spp.
word: scaly mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Loranthaceae spp.
word: showy mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Phoradendron macrophyllum
word: sycamore mistletoe
sense: Terms derived from mistletoe
taxonomic: Viscum album
word: true mistletoe
Related terms: taxonomic: Turdus viscivorus
word: mistle thrush
word: viscin
word: viscivorus
word: viscotoxin