cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
jalapeño
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhæl.əˈpeɪn.jəʊ/
other: /ˌhæləˈpiːnəʊ/
other: /ˌdʒæləˈpiːnəʊ/
other: /ˌhæləˈpɛnjəʊ/
ipa: /ˌhɑ.ləˈpeɪn.joʊ/
other: /ˌhæ.ləˈpeɪn.joʊ/
ipa: /ˌhɑ.ləˈpin.joʊ/
ipa: /ˌhɑ.ləˈpin.oʊ/
other: /ˌhæ.ləˈpin.oʊ/
other: /ˌhɑ.ləˈpeɪn.oʊ/
other: /ˌhæ.ləˈpeɪn.oʊ/
note: US, humorous spelling pronunciation
ipa: /d͡ʒəˈlæpənoʊ/
ipa: [ˌhaləˈpiːnjo]
ipa: [-pɛn-]
ipa: [-pe(ɪ)n-]
Forms: form: jalapeños
form: jalapeno
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Mexican Spanish jalapeño.
Senses: examples: text: For example, salsa and pico de gallo from Mexican cuisine sometimes include fruits like peach, mango or pineapple, balancing hot peppers like habanero or jalapeño with their sweetness.
ref: 2024 June 6, Brooke Younger, “What Is Swicy, and Why Do You Need It in Your Life?”, in Cozymeal:
synonyms: jalapeño pepper
jalap
coordinate_terms: cayenne pepper
glosses: A cultivar of hot chili pepper, Capsicum annuum.
habanero
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌ(h)ɑːbəˈnɛɹəʊ/
ipa: /ˌ(h)ɑbəˈnɛɹoʊ/
ipa: /ˌ(h)ɑbəˈnjɛɹoʊ/
Forms: form: habaneros
form: habañero
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish habanero.
Senses: examples: text: For example, salsa and pico de gallo from Mexican cuisine sometimes include fruits like peach, mango or pineapple, balancing hot peppers like habanero or jalapeño with their sweetness.
ref: 2024 June 6, Brooke Younger, “What Is Swicy, and Why Do You Need It in Your Life?”, in Cozymeal:
glosses: An intensely spicy chili pepper, Capsicum chinense.
Derived terms: chocolate habanero
habanerita
Related terms: ancho
jalapeno
Scotch bonnet
andiron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈændaɪə(ɹ)n/
Forms: form: andirons
form: handiron
Etymology: From Middle English aundire, aundiren, from Old French andier (possibly from Gaulish anderon (“heifer”)) compare Welsh anner, annair (“heifer”), Breton annoar (“heifer”), from Proto-Celtic *anderā (“young woman”), due either to their somewhat animal-like appearance of four legs or to the prominent figuring of bull and heifer design elements; compare its alternative names of fire-dog and dog-iron. Spelling influenced by iron.
Senses: examples: text: The furniture was old-fashioned and massive. The great brass andirons on the wide hearth stood like sentinels proclaiming and guarding the dignity of the family. The spreading antlers on the wall testified to a mighty hunter in some past generation.
ref: 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, chapter 7, in The House Behind the Cedars:
synonyms: word: fire dog
word: dogiron
glosses: A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side
Scotch bonnet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Scotch bonnets
Etymology: Of the pepper, mushroom, and snail, from the resemblance to the Scottish tam o'shanter.
Senses: glosses: A tam o'shanter.
synonyms: Scotch bonnet pepper
glosses: A variety of hot chilli pepper (a cultivar of Capsicum chinense).
glosses: A fairy ring mushroom (genus Marasmius).
glosses: The sea snail Semicassis granulata.
Derived terms: Scotch bonnet pepper
Related terms: habanero
jalapeño
garnish
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɑɹnɪʃ/
ipa: /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ
Forms: form: garnishes
form: garnishing
form: garnished
form: garnished
Etymology: From Middle English garnysshen, from Old French garniss-, stem of certain forms of the verb garnir, guarnir, warnir (“to provide, furnish, avert, defend, warn, fortify, garnish”), from a conflation of Old Frankish *warnijan (“to refuse, deny”) and *warnōn (“warn, protect, prepare, beware, guard oneself”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, care, heed”) and Proto-Germanic *warnōną (“to warn”); both from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to defend, protect, cover”). Cognate with Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent from, avert”) and warnian (“to warn, caution, take warning, take heed, guard oneself against, deny”). More at warn.
Senses: examples: text: And all within with flowres was garnished,
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 253:
text: 1710, Joseph Addison, The Tatler, No. 163, 25 April, 1710, Glasgow: Robert Urie, 1754, p. 165,
[…] as that admirable writer has the best and worst verses of any among our English poets, Ned Softly has got all the bad ones without book, which he repeats upon occasion, to shew his reading, and garnish his conversation.
text: […] the whip […] was garnished with a massive horse’s head of plated metal.
ref: 1848, Anne Brontë, chapter 14, in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall:
glosses: To decorate with ornaments; to adorn; to embellish.
examples: text: a dish garnished with a sprig/spray of parsley
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: To ornament with something placed around it.
examples: text: By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens; his hand hath formed the crooked serpent.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 26:13:
text: […] the good-humoured, affectionate-hearted Godfrey Cass was fast becoming a bitter man, visited by cruel wishes, that seemed to enter, and depart, and enter again, like demons who had found in him a ready-garnished home.
ref: 1861, George Eliot, Silas Marner, Part One, Chapter 3:
glosses: To furnish; to supply.
glosses: To fit with fetters; to fetter.
topics: law
glosses: To warn by garnishment; to give notice to.
examples: text: When the editorial board of Fire met again, we did not plan a new issue, but emptied our pockets to help poor Thurman whose wages were being garnished weekly because he had signed for the printer’s bills.
ref: 1966, Langston Hughes, “The Twenties: Harlem and Its Negritude”, in Christopher C. De Santis, editor, The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, volume 9, page 473:
topics: law
glosses: To have (money) set aside by court order (particularly for the payment of alleged debts); to garnishee.
Derived terms: disgarnish
garnishable
garnishee
garnisher
garnishment
garnishor
garnishry
regarnish
ungarnish
Related terms: garment
garnison
garniture
patella
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: pətĕl'ə
ipa: /pəˈtɛlə/
Forms: form: patellas
form: patellae
Etymology: From Latin patella (“a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella”), diminutive of patina (“a broad shallow dish, pan”). Doublet of paella.
Senses: examples: text: Subluxed patellas, more commonly referred to as slipped stifles, like all inherited factors will continue to cripple a breed as long as breeders continue to mate affected animals.
ref: 2004, Ann Seranne, The Joy of Breeding Your Own Show Dog, page 188:
text: 2005, Roger E. Stevenson, 20: Limbs, Roger E. Stevenson, Judith G. Hall, Human Malformations and Related Anomalies, page 920,
Since patella diameter is a feature of continuous variation, the majority of small patellas represent simply the lower extreme of normal anatomic variation.
text: Both patellae are well preserved for Dolni Věstonice 3 and 13-15, and the left patella remains for Dolni Věstonice 16 (Figures 18.22 to 18.26).
ref: 2006, Erik Trinkaus, “18: The Lower Limb Remains”, in Erik Trinkaus, Jiří Svoboda, editors, Early Modern Human Evolution in Central Europe, page 395:
text: The patellae may be up to 30° externally rotated at birth. In young children it is considered normal for the patellae to be externally rotated, but by 5 years of age the patellae should face forwards.
ref: 2009, P. Tohomson, “14: Assessment of the paediatric patient”, in Ben Yates, editor, Merriman's Assessment of the Lower Limb, page 401:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap.
glosses: A little dish or vase.
topics: biology
mycology
natural-sciences
glosses: An orbicular sessile apothecium, with a marginal rim distinct from the thallus.
Synonyms: sense: kneecap
word: kneecap
sense: kneecap
word: kneepan
sense: kneecap
word: rotula
Derived terms: nail-patella syndrome
patella femoral pain syndrome
patellar
patellar reflex
patellate
patellectomy
Related terms: chondromalacia patellae
nail-patella syndrome
patella femoral pain syndrome
patellar
patellar reflex
patellate
patella
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: pətĕl'ə
ipa: /pəˈtɛlə/
Forms: form: patellas
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of putelee (“type of boat”).
barm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑːm/
ipa: /bɑɹm/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: barms
Etymology: From Middle English barm, barme, berm, bearm, from Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”).
Senses: glosses: bosom
glosses: lap
Derived terms: Abraham's barm
barmcloth
barm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑːm/
ipa: /bɑɹm/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: barms
Etymology: From Middle English berme, berm, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread.
Senses: examples: text: [A]nd sometimes make the drink to bear no barm.
ref: c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 25:
text: In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 620:
text: And he chaffed the women as he served them their ha'porths of barm.
ref: 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:
glosses: Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.
glosses: A small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread.
Derived terms: bacon barm
barmbrack
barmy
chip barm
barm
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɑːm/
ipa: /bɑɹm/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: barms
form: barming
form: barmed
form: barmed
Etymology: From Middle English bermen, from the noun (see above).
Senses: glosses: To spurge; foam
Related terms: bap
barmpot
barmy
bun
muffin
roll
hippocras
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɪpəʊkɹas/
Etymology: From Middle English ypocras, from Old French ipocras, ypocras (“Hippocrates”), after Medieval Latin vinum Hippocraticum (“Hippocrates's wine”) (because it was filtered through a Hippocratic sleeve).
Senses: examples: text: It is long since that disorderly potentate [the Lord of Misrule] went the way of the Dodo, and hippocras has become almost as mythical as ambrosia; but, once upon a time, they played a prominent part in legal education.
ref: 1861 November 23, J. Hamilton Fyfe, “High Days in the Temple”, in The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art, volume V, number 126, New York, N.Y.: Leavitt, Trow, & Co., →OCLC, page 610, column 2:
text: Spiced wine, sweetened with sugar or honey, perhaps the original of the modern liqueur, was employed occasionally under the name of hippocras.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 641:
glosses: A cordial, made from a spiced wine mixed with sugar and spices, usually including cinnamon, which are strained out by a cloth before the drink is consumed.
Related terms: Hippocrates
Hippocratic
scab
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /skæb/
rhymes: -æb
Forms: form: scabs
form: scabbing
form: scabbed
form: scabbed
Etymology: From Middle English scabb, scabbe (also as shabbe, schabbe > English shab), from Old English sċeabb and Old Norse skabb, both from Proto-Germanic *skabbaz (“scab, scabies”), from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to cut, split, carve, shape”). Doublet of shab. Cognate with German Schabe (“scabies”), Danish skab (“scab, scabies”), Swedish skabb (“scab, scabies”), Latin scabies (“scab, itch, mange”). Related also to Old English scafan (“to scrape, shave”), Latin scabere (“to scratch”), English shabby.
Senses: glosses: To become covered by a scab or scabs.
examples: text: 1734, Royal Society of London, The Philosophical Transactions (1719 - 1733) Abridged, Volume 7, page 631,
Thoſe Puſtules aroſe, maturated, and ſcabbed off, intirely like the true Pox.
text: Trev walked over and leaned down, dropping a tender kiss on her forehead where the skin was raw and scabbing from the cut.
ref: 2009, Linda Wisdom, Wicked By Any Other Name, page 233:
text: The bark that wasn′t already scabbed off was peppered with beetle holes.
ref: 2009, Nancy Lord, Rock, Water, Wild: An Alaskan Life, page 121:
glosses: To form into scabs and be shed, as damaged or diseased skin.
examples: text: The beds shall be scabbed off to give a solid bearing, no pinning shall be admitted between the backing and the face stones and there shall be a good square joint not exceeding one inch in width, and the face stone shall be scabbed off to allow this.
ref: 1891, Canadian Senate, Select Committee on Railways, Telegraphs and Harbours: Proceedings and Evidence, page 265:
glosses: To remove part of a surface (from).
examples: text: Don't scab for the bosses / Don't listen to their lies / Us poor folks haven't got a chance / Unless we organize.
ref: 1931, “Which Side Are You On?”, performed by Florence Patton Reece:
text: Nobody desires to scab, to give most for least. The ambition of every individual is quite the opposite, to give least for most; and, as a result, living in a tooth-and-nail society, battle royal is waged by the ambitious individuals.
ref: 1903 April 5, London, Jack, The Scab:
glosses: To act as a strikebreaker.
examples: text: I scabbed some money off a friend.
text: 2004, Niven Govinden, We are the New Romantics, Bloomsbury Publishing, UK, page 143,
Finding a spot in a covered seating area that was more bus shelter than tourist-friendly, I unravelled a mother of a joint I′d scabbed off the garçon.
text: 2006, Linda Jaivin, The Infernal Optimist, 2010, HarperCollins Australia, unnumbered page,
I′d already used up me mobile credit. I was using a normal phone card, what I got from Hamid, what got it from a church lady what helped the refugees. I didn′t like scabbing from the asylums, but they did get a lotta phone cards.
text: I′ve told Fred we can see a movie this weekend, but that just seems like a money-wasting activity. And I can′t keep scabbing off my best friend.
ref: 2010, Fiona Wood, Six Impossible Things, page 113:
glosses: To beg (for), to cadge or bum.
cultivar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌltɪvɑɹ/
Forms: form: cultivars
Etymology: Blend of cultivated + variety or cultigen + variety. Coined by American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1923.
Senses: glosses: A cultivated (not necessarily botanical) variety of a plant species or hybrid of two species.
wikipedia: Liberty Hyde Bailey
Hypernyms: sense: cultivated variety of plant
word: cultigen
sense: cultivated variety of plant
word: cultivar group
sense: cultivated variety of plant
word: convariety
Derived terms: cultigroup
cultivar group
intercultivar
intracultivar
nativar
Related terms: ICNCP
pepper spray
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pepper sprays
form: pepper-spray
Senses: examples: text: The man who survived mustard gas and pepper spray is now a seasoned veteran.
synonyms: capsicum spray
OC gas
OC spray
pepper gas
coordinate_terms: mace#Noun_3
glosses: A non-lethal chemical agent derived from peppers used in riot control and personal self-defense.
pepper spray
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: pepper sprays
form: pepper spraying
form: pepper sprayed
form: pepper sprayed
form: pepper-spray
Senses: glosses: To douse (someone or something) with pepper spray.
Related terms: capsaicin
kneecap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈniːˌkæp/
enpr: nē'kăp
rhymes: -iːkæp
Forms: form: kneecaps
Etymology: From knee + cap.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
synonyms: kneepan
patella
rotula
scutum
glosses: The flat, roundish bone in the knee.
topics: business
construction
manufacturing
roofing
glosses: A metal cover trim that fits over a panel rib after it has been cut and bent.
glosses: A cap or strong covering for the knees, used chiefly for horses, to protect their knees in case of a fall.
kneecap
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈniːˌkæp/
enpr: nē'kăp
rhymes: -iːkæp
Forms: form: kneecaps
form: kneecapping
form: kneecapped
form: kneecapped
Etymology: From knee + cap.
Senses: examples: text: The Sinn Féin press officer Richard McAuley freely admitted, “Back four or five years ago, people were getting kneecapped who should not have been kneecapped.”
ref: 2020, Liam Kennedy, Who Was Responsible for the Troubles?, McGill-Queen's Press, →ISBN, page 109:
glosses: To destroy the knees of (a person), usually by shooting at the knees, as a punishment carried out by criminals or terrorists.
examples: text: This story of how American originality lost its way is arresting and well told. On an alternate timeline without Donald Trump in office dismantling the American scientific establishment and Elon Musk kneecapping the American state, it might have been the manifesto of a new politics.
ref: 2025 March 18, Samuel Moyn, “Can Democrats Learn to Dream Big Again?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 27 Mar 2025:
glosses: To attack (someone) in a way that is excessively and needlessly damaging: To cut (someone) off at the knees.
Related terms: kneecapping
kneecapper
kneecapping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kneecappings
Senses: examples: text: The mafiosi punished the informer by giving him a kneecapping.
text: Five kneecappings have been reported this month.
glosses: The act of injuring the knees of (a person), usually by shooting at the knees; often a punishment carried out by criminals or terrorists.
glosses: An excessively and needlessly damaging attack or disparagement.
kneecapping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of kneecap
-n
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: From Middle English -n, from Old English -n, rare alternative form of Old English -en (“-en”). More at -en.
Senses: examples: text: silver + -n → silvern
glosses: Alternative form of -en.
-n
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English -n
English -n
Senses: examples: text: Java + -n → Javan
text: Burma + -n → Burman
text: Minnesota + -n → Minnesotan
text: Russia + -n → Russian
glosses: Alternative form of -an, adjective or noun suffix meaning "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a.
-n
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: From Middle English -n, -en, from Old English -n, -en and Old Norse -inn, both from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, *-inaz, past participle ending of strong verbs. Cognate with Dutch -en, German -en, Swedish -en, Icelandic -inn.
Senses: examples: text: grow + -n → grown
text: show + -n → shown
text: slow + -n → slown
glosses: Alternative form of -en (past participle ending).
thuris
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: thus
form: tus
Etymology: From Ancient Greek θύος (thúos, “burnt sacrifice”).
Senses: glosses: Frankincense obtained from conifers such as the Norway spruce, or long-leaved pine.
Related terms: gum thus
thurible
frankincense
olibanum
effortless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From effort + -less.
Senses: examples: text: She made the move look completely effortless.
antonyms: effortful
glosses: Without effort.
Derived terms: effortlessly
effortlessness
EDT
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: coordinate_terms: EST
glosses: Initialism of Eastern Daylight Time.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
software
glosses: An editor on the VMS operating system.
EDT
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: EDTs
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Abbreviation of ethanedithiol.
qualifier: decision theory
glosses: Initialism of evidential decision theory.
examples: text: An EDT is a special case of ADT where each product type is a singleton.
ref: 2021, Martin Odersky et al., chapter 19, in Programming in Scala, 5th edition, Artima, →ISBN:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
hypernyms: ADT
glosses: Initialism of enumerated data type.
acidifiable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more acidifiable
form: most acidifiable
Etymology: From acidify + -able.
Senses: glosses: Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.
acidific
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæsɪˈdɪf.ɪk/
rhymes: -ɪfɪk
Forms: form: more acidific
form: most acidific
Etymology: From acidify + -ic.
Senses: glosses: acidic
acidifier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: acidifiers
Etymology: From acidify + -er.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.
acidimeter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæsəˈdɪmətə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪmətə(ɹ)
Forms: form: acidimeters
form: acidimetre
Etymology: From acid + -i- + -meter, from Latin acidus (“sour, acid”).
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids.
acidimetry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From acid + -metry, from Latin acidus (“sour, acid”).
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.
Derived terms: acidimetric
acidly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more acidly
form: most acidly
Etymology: From acid + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Perchance, when you are speculating why he is so acidly disposed some morning, he is but meditating upon that other half-hour which he wanted in bed, to bring his wits and his good-temper about him.
ref: 1882, Herman Charles Merivale, chapter 15, in Faucit Of Balliol, London: Chapman & Hall, page 385:
text: Flay involuntarily propels his gawky body forwards as he hears that his Lordship wants him, but he pulls himself up at the end of his first long step towards the door, and peers even more suspiciously and acidly at the youth in his immaculate black cloth.
ref: 1946, Mervyn Peake, “A Bloody Cheekbone”, in Titus Groan, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode:
text: In a brief two decades, the young British dramatists who railed angrily at the Establishment have been succeeded by caustic young playwrights who acidly mock the welfare state.
ref: 1974 October 21, “Ballet of Death”, in Time:
text: Commenting acidly on the loss of Vladivostok 115 years later (and on President Ford’s summit with Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev in that city), Deng Xiaoping told me that the different names given to the city by the Chinese and the Russians reflected their respective purposes: the Chinese name translated roughly as “Sea Slug,” while the Russian name meant “Rule of the East.” “I don’t think it has any other meaning except what it means at face value,” he added.
ref: 2011, Henry Kissinger, quoting Deng Xiaoping, “Notes”, in On China, New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 536:
glosses: sourly; tartly
Synonyms: acerbically
acidness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From acid + -ness.
Senses: glosses: acidity, sourness
acidulate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɪd͡ʒʊ.leɪt/
Forms: form: acidulates
form: acidulating
form: acidulated
form: acidulated
Etymology: Compare French aciduler. See acidulous.
Senses: glosses: To make slightly or moderately acid; to acidify.
examples: text: Twenty leeches were ordered to be applied round the nose every two days; frequent emollient fomentations; the local vapour bath; general bathing; stimulating pedilavia; a strict regimen; vegetables, milk, white meats; demulcent or acidulated drinks; avoidance of exposure to the sun or to cold air; flannel waistcoat and trousers. This treatment, being strictly observed for two months, caused all the inflammatory symptoms to disappear, […]
ref: 1827 May 1, “XXVI. Spreading Ulcer of the Nose.”, in James Copland, John Darwall, John Conolly, editors, The London Medical Repository and Review, volume XXVII, number 161 (New Series, volume IV, number XXIII), London: Printed for Thomas and John Underwood, 32 Fleet Street, →OCLC, page 465:
text: The kernel of San Domingo cocoa was more acidulated than that of Venezuela and was not inferior in other respects, experience proving that the chocolate made of the two cocoas in combination had a more delicate flavour than that made from the cocoa of Venezuela alone.
ref: 1963, C.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins, 2nd Revised edition, Vintage Books, published 2023, →ISBN, page 46:
glosses: To make sour in a moderate degree; to sour somewhat.
glosses: To use an acidic catalyst, with the chemical change being emphasised over the importance of the change in pH. Used in the processing of biodiesel co-products.
Derived terms: superacidulated
unacidulated
acidulent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more acidulent
form: most acidulent
Senses: examples: text: with anxious, acidulent face
ref: 1837, Thomas Carlyle, chapter IV, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume I (The Bastille), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, book I (Death of Louis XV), page 25:
glosses: Having an acid quality; sour; acidulous.
acidulous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɪdjʊləs/
ipa: /əˈsɪd͡ʒələs/
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin acidulus (“sourish, acidulous”), diminutive of acidus (“sour, acid”). See acid.
Senses: examples: text: the hard, acidulous, metallic tincture of the spring
ref: 1796, Edmund Burke, A Letter from the Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks Made upon Him and His Pension, […], London: […] J. Owen, […], and F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Slightly sour; subacid; sourish.
examples: text: He talked with acidulous tolerance of the exalted personages who had sent Ashenden to X.
ref: 1931, William Somerset Maugham, His Excellency:
glosses: Sharp; caustic.
examples: acidulous mineral waters
glosses: Containing carbonic acid.
Derived terms: acidulously
acidulousness
nonacidulous
subacidulous
aciform
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Latin acus (“needle”) + -form.
Senses: glosses: Shaped like a needle.
acinaceous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -eɪʃəs
Forms: form: more acinaceous
form: most acinaceous
Etymology: Latin acinus (“a grape, grapestone”).
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like them.
acinaces
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: acinaces
Etymology: From Latin acīnacēs, from Ancient Greek ἀκινάκης (akinákēs, “the short sabre of the Persians, Medes, and Scythians; a scimitar”).
Senses: glosses: A short sword or saber.
acinaciform
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From New Latin acīnacifōrmis, from acinaces (“short sword”) + -form.
Senses: examples: text: an acinaciform leaf
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Shaped like a scimitar.
acinesia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Alternative form of akinesia.
acinetiform
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Acinetae + -iform
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Resembling the Acinetae.
aciniform
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more aciniform
form: most aciniform
Etymology: Latin acinus (“grape, grapestone”) + -form. Compare French aciniforme.
Senses: glosses: Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.
glosses: Full of small kernels like a grape.
aciniform
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: aciniforms
Etymology: Latin acinus (“grape, grapestone”) + -form. Compare French aciniforme.
Senses: glosses: A type of spinneret of a spider formed of spherical particles
acinose
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: acinous
Etymology: Latin acinosus, from acinus (“grapestone”).
Senses: examples: acinose glands
glosses: Consisting of acini, or minute granular concretions.
id
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪd/
enpr: ĭd
rhymes: -ɪd
homophone: it'd
Forms: form: ids
Etymology: From New Latin id (“it”), chosen by Freud’s translator as a translation of his use of German Es (“it”) as a noun for this concept from the pronoun es (“it”).
Senses: examples: text: "There is one sentence in it, however - namely: 'I protest strongly against the insufferable and entirely dogmatic assertion that each separate id is a microcosm possessed of an historical architecture elaborated slowly through the series of generations.' Have you no desire, in view of later research, to modify this statement?"
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
text: Almost as an afterthought, we’re given an origin story for Barney’s alcoholism: he was once a sober, studious, Ivy League-bound high school scholar before Homer forced a beer on him that transformed him into a drooling, slurring, out of control rampaging id.
ref: 2012 June 3, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Mr. Plow” (season 4, episode 9; originally aired 11/19/1992)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
text: The phenomenon may seem like a random burble of the internet’s id, but Alvarez has been making similarly entrancing—if mostly nonmusical—work for the past few years.
ref: 2023 September 27, Spencer Kornhaber, “The Weirdos Living Inside Our Phones”, in The Atlantic:
topics: human-sciences
medicine
psychoanalysis
psychology
sciences
glosses: The unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model.
Synonyms: sense: unconscious impulsive component of the personality
word: lizard brain
sense: unconscious impulsive component of the personality
word: reptilian brain
Coordinate terms: ego
superego
Derived terms: idant
idlike
id
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪd/
enpr: ĭd
rhymes: -ɪd
homophone: it'd
Forms: form: ids
Etymology: From Swedish id.
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of ide (the fish)
id
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪd/
enpr: ĭd
rhymes: -ɪd
homophone: it'd
Forms: form: ids
Etymology: Abbreviation of identifier.
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Identifier.
id
Language: English
Part of speech: pron
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪd/
enpr: ĭd
rhymes: -ɪd
homophone: it'd
Etymology: Abbreviation of idem, from Latin idem (“same”).
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of id..
Related terms: et id genus omne
ID
id reaction
egos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈiːɡəʊz/
rhymes: -iːɡəʊz
Senses: glosses: plural of ego
laden
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈleɪdən/
ipa: /ˈleɪdn̩/
rhymes: -eɪdən
Forms: form: more laden
form: most laden
Etymology: See lade.
Senses: examples: text: The other men were variously burthened; some carrying picks and shovels—for that had been the very first necessary they brought ashore from the Hispaniola—others laden with pork, bread, and brandy for the midday meal.
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
glosses: Weighed down with a load, burdened.
examples: text: His comments were laden with deeper meaning.
text: When applied to other persons, the idea of comfort is an intuitive measure of trustworthiness, reliability, and predictability in a polycentric world that managers often find troubling, ambiguous, and anxiety-laden.
ref: 1988, Robert Jackall, “Chapter 1: Moral Probations, Old and New”, in Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers, Twentieth Anniversary edition, →ISBN, page 13:
glosses: Heavy.
examples: text: Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor;[…].
ref: 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
glosses: Oppressed.
examples: text: Once laden it is easy to regenerate the adsorbent and retrieve the adsorbed species as a gas.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: In the form of an adsorbate or adduct.
Derived terms: debt-laden
ladenness
theory-laden
unladen
value-laden
laden
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈleɪdən/
ipa: /ˈleɪdn̩/
rhymes: -eɪdən
Etymology: See lade.
Senses: glosses: past participle of lade
laden
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈleɪdən/
ipa: /ˈleɪdn̩/
rhymes: -eɪdən
Forms: form: ladens
form: ladening
form: ladened
form: ladened
Etymology: See lade.
Senses: examples: text: The grass is smoothly cut; the trees are carefully pruned; the flowers, ladening the dreamy air with their perfume, are arranged in studied groups of exquisitely blended colors.
ref: 1889, The Yale Literary Magazine, volume 54, number 8, page 357:
glosses: To load or charge.
Related terms: ladle
ballast
larboard
Esquimaux
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The sledges of the Esquimaux are of large size, varying from six and a half to nine and even eleven feet in length, and from eighteen inches to two feet in breadth.
ref: 1873, Charles Tomlinson, chapter III, in Winter in the Arctic Regions and Summer in the Antarctic Regions, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC, page 122:
text: I may here remark in passing that Sir Henry Thompson’s reference to the Esquimaux, as an instance of a people to whom a vegetarian diet would be impossible, is not of much practical value to English readers in the elucidation of this food question; […]
ref: 1886, Henry Stephens Salt, A Plea for Vegetarianism and Other Essays, Manchester: The Vegetarian Society, →OL, page 64:
glosses: plural of Esquimau
makeshift
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/
Forms: form: makeshifts
form: make-shift
form: make shift
Etymology: Deverbal from make shift. First appears c. 1554, in the publications of H. Hilarie.
Senses: examples: text: And I am not a model clergyman—only a decent makeshift.
ref: 1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVII, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II, page 316:
text: Hoboism cannot be cured or prevented by makeshifts or by local measures and efforts, although community interest naturally is vital in dealing with a problem that comes home to every community.
ref: 1923, Benjamin C. Marsh, “For the Community to Do”, in The World tomorrow, volume 6:
glosses: A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution.
makeshift
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/
Forms: form: more makeshift
form: most makeshift
form: make-shift
form: make shift
Etymology: Deverbal from make shift. First appears c. 1554, in the publications of H. Hilarie.
Senses: examples: text: They used the ledge and a few branches for a makeshift shelter.
text: Hodgson was able to introduce Arsenal teenager Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain for his debut late on as this makeshift England line-up closed out a victory that was solid for the most part without ever threatening to be spectacular.
ref: 2012 May 26, Phil McNulty, “Norway 0-1 England”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: Made to work or suffice; improvised; substituted.
Derived terms: makeshiftness
makeshifty
makeshift
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/
Forms: form: makeshifts
form: make-shift
form: make shift
Etymology: 1560s. From make + shift.
Senses: examples: text: Greene the coneycatcher, of this dream the author, / For his dainty devise deserveth the halter. / A rakehell, a makeshift, a scribbling fool; / A famous bayard in city and school: / Now sick as a dog, and ever brain-sick, / Where such a raving and desperate Dick?
ref: 1592, Gabriel Harvey, “The First Letter”, in Four Letters and Certain Sonnets, new edition, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, published 1814, A Due Commendation of the Quipping Author, page 2:
glosses: A rogue; a shifty person.
Related terms: make shift
indeed
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈdiːd/
ipa: /ɪnˈdid/
rhymes: -iːd
Forms: form: endeed
form: indeedy
Etymology: From Middle English indede, contraction of the phrase in dede (“in sooth, in fact”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian innerdoat, innedoat (“indeed”), West Frisian yndied (“indeed”), Dutch inderdaad (“indeed”), German in der Tat (“indeed”). By surface analysis, in + deed. Compare in fact, in truth, etc. First attested in the early 14ᵗʰ century.
Senses: examples: text: "I am a great runner." "Indeed!"
synonyms: absolutely
for real
forsooth
indubitably
sure thing
true that
glosses: Indicates emphatic agreement.
examples: text: "I am a great runner." "Indeed?"
glosses: With interrogative intonation (low–high), indicates serious doubt.
pederasty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹəs.ti/
ipa: /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹæs.ti/
ipa: /ˈpi.də.ɹæs.ti/
Forms: form: pederasties
form: paederasty
form: pæderasty
Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek παιδεραστία (paiderastía, “love of boys”), from παιδεραστής (paiderastḗs, “pederast”), from παῖς (paîs, “child, son, boy”) + ἐραστής (erastḗs, “lover”), from ἔραμαι (éramai, “to love”).
Senses: examples: text: […] aber die Entwürdigung der Frauen rächte sich an den Männern und entwürdigte auch sie, bis sie versanken in die Widerwärtigkeit der Knabenliebe und ihre Götter entwürdigten wie sich selbst durch den Mythus von Ganymed.
ref: 1962 [1891, 1884], Friedrich Engels, “II. Die Familie”, in Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats (Marx-Engels-Werke; 21), Dietz Verlag Berlin, page 67; English translation in “II. The Family”, in The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, Foreign Languages Press, 1978, page 74:
antonyms: korephilia
glosses: Erotic love, sexually expressed or chaste, between a man and an adolescent boy.
glosses: Anal intercourse in general, usually between a man and an adolescent boy.
Synonyms: word: boylove
Related terms: pederast
pederastic
pedophile
-an
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Forms: form: -ian
form: -n
Etymology: From Middle English -an, regularly -ain, -ein, -en, from Old French -ain, -ein, or before i, -en (modern French -ain, -en, feminine -aine, -enne), from Latin -ānus (feminine -āna), which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun, being -nus [cognate with Ancient Greek -νος (-nos)] preceded by a vowel, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós. Cognate with English -en. Compare with -in, -ine.
Senses: examples: text: Rome + -an → Roman
synonyms: -al
-ar
-ese
-esque
-ic
-id
-ish
-like
-oid
-ous
-y
glosses: Of or pertaining to; an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. (Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends in a, -n is used instead.)
examples: text: comedy + -an → comedian
text: history + -an → historian
glosses: Appended to nouns to form an agent noun. (When males with a profession are distinguished from females, males are -an, females -(i)enne.)
-al
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Pronunciation: ipa: /əl/
ipa: [l̩]
ipa: [ɫ̩]
Forms: form: -all
form: -ial
form: -ual
Etymology: From Middle English -al, from the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Distant doublet of -ar.
Senses: examples: text: base + -al → basal
text: cranium + -al → cranial
text: spine + -al → spinal
glosses: Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
examples: text: propose + -al → proposal
text: deny + -al → denial
text: bestow + -al → bestowal
glosses: Forming nouns, especially of verbal action.
Derived terms: sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: arousal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: arrival
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: bestowal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: betrothal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: denial
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: disposal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: proposal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: rental
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: rival
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: reversal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: removal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: subdual
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: submittal
sense: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
word: transmittal
word: -ical
Related terms: word: -an
word: -ar
word: -ate
word: -ese
word: -esque
word: -ian
word: -id
word: -ing
word: -ish
word: -like
word: -oid
word: -ory
word: -ous
word: -ship
alt: -ion, -sion
word: -tion
word: -ure
word: -y
-al
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Pronunciation: ipa: /əl/
ipa: [l̩]
ipa: [ɫ̩]
ipa: /æl/
ipa: /əl/
ipa: [l̩]
ipa: [ɫ̩]
Etymology: Back-formation from aldehyde.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Forms the names of aldehydes.
-ar
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”). Distant doublet of -al.
Senses: examples: text: alveolus + -ar → alveolar
text: lobe + -ar → lobar
synonyms: -al
-an
-ary
-ese
-ic
-id
-ish
-like
-oid
-ory
-ous
-y
glosses: Of, near, or pertaining to; adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
-ar
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English -ar, -er, -arie, from Latin -ārius and Old French -aire. Doublet of -ary, -eer, -yer, and -ier.
Senses: glosses: Ending of some agent nouns inherited from Middle English borrowed from Old French or Medieval Latin
-ar
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: From Middle English -ar, -are, variant of Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere. More at -er.
Senses: examples: text: beggar, liar, pedlar
glosses: Ending of some agent nouns inherited from Middle English.
-ar
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: Clipping of star; modelled after the earlier coinages pulsar and quasar.
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: Used to form names of star types.
Coordinate terms: aster-
astro-
helio-
solar
starry
stellar
-like
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: From Middle English -like, -lik, from Middle English like, lik (“same, similar, alike”), from Old English ġelīc and Old Norse líkr (“same, similar, alike”). Reinforced by like (preposition). Doublet of -ly. Compare also Dutch -lijk (“-ly, -like”).
Senses: examples: text: Even at 13 years old, she still had a childlike voice.
text: I saw the snake-like coils of the garden hose peeking out from under the deck.
text: 1996, Kevin Siembieda, Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game page 128 under "Dark"
Damage: Those with normal, human-like vision are blind
text: What other television show would feature a gorgeously designed sequence where a horrifically mutated Pierre and Marie Curie, their bodies swollen to Godzilla-like proportions from prolonged exposure to the radiation that would eventually kill them, destroy an Asian city with their bare hands like vengeance-crazed monster-Gods?
ref: 2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: Resembling, having some of the characteristics of (used to form adjectives from nouns).
examples: text: Hah! Big, bad Punio. Listen to yourself! Trying to sound all important-like!
ref: 2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America, Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Boggly Woods:
glosses: Used to form adverbs from adjectives or nouns; alternative of -ly.
Synonyms: word: quasi-
word: para-
word: -esque
word: -ish
word: -ly
word: -oid
word: -form
word: -iform
word: -some
word: -y
english: restricted to casual registers
translation: restricted to casual registers
word: -ass
-ary
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Pronunciation: ipa: /ə.ɹi/
ipa: /ɹi/
ipa: /ə.ɹi/
ipa: /ɛɹ.i/
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English -arie, a back-formation from Latin and French-borrowed adjectives ending respectively in -ārius and -aire (more rarely from Latin adjectives in -āris: see exemplary and lapidary). Doublet of -eer, -yer, -ar, and -ier; see also the related -arian.
Senses: examples: text: devolution + -ary → devolutionary
synonyms: -al
-ar
-ese
-ic
-id
-ish
-like
-oid
-ory
-ous
-y
glosses: Of or pertaining to. an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to produces adjectives. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
examples: text: dictionary, plenipotentiary
glosses: Ending of some substantives borrowed or inherited from Latin and French.
examples: ref: 1927, A. D. Campbell, “The discriminant of the m-ary quadratic in the Galois fields of order 2ⁿ”, in Annals of Mathematics, Second Series 29:1-4:
ref: 2007, Philippe Leroux, “A simple symmetry generating operads related to rooted planar m-ary trees and polygonal numbers”, in Journal of Integer Sequences, 10:4:
topics: mathematics
sciences
synonyms: -adic
glosses: Having the specified arity.
Derived terms: sense: math operation of given arity
word: binary
sense: math operation of given arity
word: nullary
sense: math operation of given arity
word: quaternary
sense: math operation of given arity
word: quinary
sense: math operation of given arity
word: ternary
sense: math operation of given arity
word: unary