cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
abomination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˌbɒ.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /əˌbɑ.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /əˌbɑ.məˈneɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: abominations
form: abhomination
form: abominacioun
Etymology: From Middle English abominacioun, from Middle French abomination (“horror, disgust”), from Late Latin abōminātiō, abōminātiōnem (“abomination”) Doublet of abominatio.
Senses: examples: text: Onely th’adulterous Anthony, most large / In his abhominations, turnes you off
ref: c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi], page 354, columns 1–2:
text: Religious sodomy was practised by male prostitutes in the Hebrew temple groves, which was one of the abominations of Israel that Josiah cleared away.
ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 160:
synonyms: perversion
glosses: An abominable act; a disgusting vice; a despicable habit.
synonyms: abhorrence
aversion
detestation
disgust
loathing
loathsomeness
odiousness
glosses: The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred
glosses: A state that excites detestation or abhorrence; pollution.
examples: text: Appalled by a child she found hideous, Philyra begged the gods to free her from having to rear such an abomination.
ref: 2012, Kathleen Jenks, “Cronus”, in Brian Kinsey, editor, Gods and Goddesses of Greece and Rome, →ISBN, page 61:
text: Elon Musk, the billionaire tech entrepreneur, has opened a new rift with Donald Trump by denouncing the US president’s tax and spending bill as a “disgusting abomination”.
ref: 2025 June 3, David Smith, quoting Elon Musk, “Elon Musk calls Trump’s ‘big, beautiful’ tax bill a ‘disgusting abomination’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: That which is abominable, shamefully vile; an object that excites disgust and hatred (often with religious undertones).
Derived terms: abominationly
Obamanation
aboon
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbuːn/
ipa: /əˈbʏn/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: abune
form: abun
Etymology: From Middle English abone, abowne, from abuven, from Old English abūfan (“above”).
Senses: glosses: Above.
aboon
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbuːn/
ipa: /əˈbʏn/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: abune
form: abun
Etymology: From Middle English abone, abowne, from abuven, from Old English abūfan (“above”).
Senses: examples: text: The ceiling fair that rose aboon.
ref: 1819, Joseph Rodman Drake, The Culprit Fay:
qualifier: Cheshire dialect
glosses: Above.
aboon
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbuːn/
ipa: /əˈbʏn/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: abune
form: abun
Etymology: From Middle English abone, abowne, from abuven, from Old English abūfan (“above”).
Senses: examples: text: The Sun ſhall change, the Moon to change ſhall ceaſe;
The Gaits to clim-----the Sheep to yield the Fleece,
Ere ought by me be either ſaid or done,
Shall do thee Wrang, I ſwear by all aboon.
ref: 1730, Allan Ramsay, “[https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Gentle_Shepherd_Ec/Cs9ZAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA22 [Act II, Scene IV]]”, in The Gentle Shepherd: A Scots Paſtoral-Comedy, page 23:
text: We'll a' meet aboon! We'll a' meet aboon!
Oh what a blithe meeting yon meeting aboon!
ref: 1871, James Ballantine, “We'll A' Meet Aboon”, in Lilias Lee and Other Poems, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, page 180:
glosses: Above.
aboon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbuːn/
ipa: /əˈbʏn/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: abune
form: abun
Etymology: From Middle English abone, abowne, from abuven, from Old English abūfan (“above”).
Senses: glosses: Above.
aboral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /æbˈɔːɹ.l̩/
ipa: /æbˈɔɹ.l̩/
rhymes: -ɔːɹəl
Forms: form: more aboral
form: most aboral
Etymology: From ab- (“away from”) + oral (“the mouth”).
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.
Related terms: aborally
abord
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔːd/
ipa: /əˈbɔɹd/
Forms: form: abords
Etymology: From French abord, from aborder (“to aboard”).
Senses: examples: text: He entered with an air so immensely conceited and affected, and, at the same Time, so uncommonly bold, that I could scarce stand his Abord […].
ref: 1777, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin, published 2001, page 77:
glosses: The act of approaching or arriving; approach.
glosses: A road, or means of approach.
abord
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔːd/
ipa: /əˈbɔɹd/
Forms: form: abords
form: abording
form: aborded
form: aborded
Etymology: Alternative forms.
Senses: examples: text: Mrs Hurstpierpoint aborded her with a smile.
ref: 1919, Ronald Firbank, Valmouth, hardback edition, Duckworth, page 82:
glosses: Alternative form of aboard.
aboriginal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/
ipa: /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/
note: Indic
ipa: /əbɵrɪˈdʒɪnəl/
Forms: form: more aboriginal
form: most aboriginal
Etymology: See Aboriginal.
Senses: examples: text: Green in the Church-yard, beautiful and green; / […] / And mantled o'er with aboriginal turf / And everlasting flowers.
ref: 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion, Longman et al., page 277:
text: Tashtego's long, lean, sable hair, his high cheek bones, and black rounding eyes— […] all this sufficiently proclaimed him an inheritor of the unvitiated blood of those proud warrior hunters, who, in quest of the great New England moose, had scoured, bow in hand, the aboriginal forests of the main.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Knights and Squires”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 131:
glosses: First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive.
examples: text: Where else but from Nantucket did those aboriginal whalemen, the Red-Men, first sally out in canoes to give chase to the Leviathan?
ref: 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 2:
text: Had a vast knowledge of the aboriginal tribes; was, in spite of his juniority, the greatest authority on the aboriginal Gullals.
ref: 1889, Rudyard Kipling, “The Education of Otis Yeere”, in Under the Deodars, Boston: The Greenock Press, published 1899, page 37:
glosses: Living in a land before colonization by foreigners.
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Aboriginal
Synonyms: sense: indigenous to a place
word: ancient
sense: indigenous to a place
word: autochthonous
sense: indigenous to a place
word: earliest
sense: indigenous to a place
word: endemic
sense: indigenous to a place
word: first
sense: indigenous to a place
word: indigenous
sense: indigenous to a place
word: native
sense: indigenous to a place
word: original
sense: indigenous to a place
word: primeval
sense: indigenous to a place
word: primitive
sense: indigenous to a place
word: primordial
Derived terms: aboriginality
aboriginally
aboriginalness
nonaboriginal
Related terms: aborigine
aboriginal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/
ipa: /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/
note: Indic
ipa: /əbɵrɪˈdʒɪnəl/
Forms: form: aboriginals
Etymology: See Aboriginal.
Senses: examples: text: It may be welldoubted whether this frog is an aboriginal of these islands.
ref: 1839, Charles Darwin, Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle:
glosses: An animal or plant native to a region.
examples: text: Every one of the groups of islands in the Pacific, many of them only a few days' sail from Australia, have their own customs, religious, political and social, and yet Australia has none, and the aboriginals have imbibed nothing from their intercourse with other nationalities.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 244:
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Aboriginal
aboriginality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æb.əˌɹɪd͡ʒ.əˈnæl.ə.ti/
ipa: /æb.əˌɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪˈnæl.ə.ti/
Forms: form: aboriginalities
Etymology: From aboriginal + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being aboriginal.
glosses: The distinctive culture of aboriginal peoples
glosses: The spiritual bonds between the aboriginal people and their place of heritage.
aborsement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔː(ɹ)smənt/
Forms: form: aborsements
Senses: examples: text: a direct intention to work an aborsement, whether before or after animation
ref: 1646, Jos[eph] Hall, The Balme of Gilead: Or, Comforts for the Distressed, both Morall and Divine. […], London: […] M[iles] Flesher, for Nat[haniel] Butter, →OCLC:
glosses: Abortment; abortion
aborsive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more aborsive
form: most aborsive
Senses: examples: text: Besides, most of these designes were abortive, or aborsive rather, like those untimely miscarriages not honoured with a soul or the shape and lineaments of an infant.
ref: 1639, Thomas Fuller, The historie of the holy warre, page 272:
glosses: abortive from the first.
abort
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔːt/
ipa: /əˈbɔɹt/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: aborts
Etymology: From Middle English, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle of aborior (“miscarry”), formed from ab + orior (“come into being”). Doublet of abortus.
Senses: examples: text: We've had aborts on three of our last seven launches.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
business
engineering
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
war
glosses: An early termination of a mission, action, or procedure in relation to missiles or spacecraft; the craft making such a mission.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The function used to abort a process.
examples: text: We've had three aborts over the last two days.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: An event in which a process is aborted.
glosses: The product of a miscarriage; an aborted offspring; an abortion.
examples: text: In Japonia 'tis a common thing to stifle their children if they be poor, or to make an abort, which Aristotle commends.
ref: 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition I, section 2, member 4, subsection vi:
glosses: A miscarriage; an untimely birth; an abortion.
aborted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹtɪd/
Etymology: From abort + -ed.
Senses: glosses: Stopped before completion; especially because of problems or danger.
glosses: Brought forth prematurely.
examples: text: Spines are aborted branches.
glosses: Checked in normal development at an early stage.
examples: text: The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted in their mature state.
ref: 1855, Richard Owen, Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Invertebrate Animals:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped.
Derived terms: nonaborted
unaborted
aborted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹtɪd/
Etymology: From abort + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of abort
aborticide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.tɪˌsaɪd/
ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.təˌsaɪd/
Forms: form: aborticides
Etymology: From abortion + -cide (“killing; killer”).
Senses: examples: text: As physician I frequently find it helpful to express some of my views regarding prognosis, aborticide, euthanasia, organ transplant, and similar medical exertion of mine, including that of my well-intentioned fellow-man.
ref: 1974, John Morris Dorsey, Psychology of ethics, page 153:
text: "From today onwards", he legislated, "a woman's infidelity to her husband shall be a sin tantamount to aborticide, an evil that will engender misery.
ref: 1988, Sarva Daman Singh, Polyandry in Ancient India, page 78:
text: "Aborticide is the basis of God's judgment on America," he says, "because the blood cries out from the ground."
ref: 1989, Paul DeParrie, The Rescuers, page 42:
text: Thus we have a clear division between homicide, which falls within the biblical law of persons, and aborticide, which is treated as a tort.
ref: 1998, Lenn Evan Goodman, Judaism, human rights, and human values, page 88:
glosses: The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide.
glosses: An agent responsible for an abortion (the destruction of a fetus); abortifacient.
abortifacient
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˌbɔɹ.təˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/
ipa: /əˌbɔɹ.tɪˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/
Forms: form: more abortifacient
form: most abortifacient
Etymology: First attested in 1875. abort + -facient (“causing an”), from Latin facere (“to make”).
Senses: topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
synonyms: abortifactive
glosses: Producing miscarriage.
Derived terms: antiabortifacient
abortifacient
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˌbɔɹ.təˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/
ipa: /əˌbɔɹ.tɪˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/
Forms: form: abortifacients
Etymology: First attested in 1875. abort + -facient (“causing an”), from Latin facere (“to make”).
Senses: topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: A drug or an agent that induces an abortion.
Synonyms: abortificant
abortional
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩.l̩/
Forms: form: more abortional
form: most abortional
Etymology: From abortion + -al.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.
abortionist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.ʃə.nɪst/
Forms: form: abortionists
Etymology: From abortion + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Mad. Restell, the celebrated Abortionist [is arrested].
ref: 1844 March 26, New-York Daily Tribune:
text: The quack abortionist, with “a little knowledge,” impudently, remorselessly, and secretly employs his craft for filthy lucre’s sake, perpetrating one crime to conceal another, at which science and charity blush.
ref: 1848 October 7, “Morals and Murder – the Case of Eliza Wilson”, in The Medical Times, volume 18, number 471, London, page 373:
text: Such a fetus is perfectly viable save for the act of the abortionist.
ref: 1998, J. David Bleich, Bioethical Dilemmas: A Jewish Perspective, volume 1, Hoboken, New Jersey: KTAV Publishing House, →ISBN, page 277:
text: According to Bray, “there is a difference between taking a retired abortionist and executing him, and killing a practicing abortionist who is regularly killing babies.” The first act is in Bray’s view retributive, the second defensive.
ref: 2003, Mark Juergensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, 3rd edition, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 24:
text: In 1962, when abortion was still illegal, I published an anonymous interview with Dr. Robert Spencer, a humane abortionist who was known as “The Saint.”
ref: 2005, Paul Krassner, One Hand Jerking: Reports from an Investigative Satirist, →ISBN, page 24:
text: […] a gruesome procedure in which the abortionist dismembers a child who could survive outside the womb.
ref: 2009, Dinesh D’Souza, Letters to a Young Conservative, →ISBN, page 191:
text: Then she asks her to go first to meet the abortionist. Then she neglects to make a reservation at the hotel the abortionist specifies. That almost sinks the arrangement: The abortionist has experience suggesting that hotel will be a safe venue, and suspects he may be set up for a police trap.
ref: 2009–2010, Roger Ebert, Roger Ebert’s Movie Yearbook 2010, review of 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days, page 146:
synonyms: word: aborter
word: angel maker
word: jack-knife barber
glosses: A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly.
synonyms: word: pro-abortionist
word: pro-choicer
word: pro-deather
antonyms: word: anti-abortionist
word: anti-choicer
word: fetus fetishist
word: forced-birther
word: pro-lifer
word: right-to-lifer
glosses: A person who advocates for or supports the legality of abortion.
Derived terms: anti-abortionist
pro-abortionist
Related terms: abortionism
abortive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.tɪv/
ipa: /əˈbɔː.tɪv/
Forms: form: abortives
Etymology: First attested in 1382, with the meaning "causing stillbirth or miscarriage". From Middle English abortif, from Old French abortif, from Latin abortīvus (“causing abortion”), from aborior (“miscarry, disappear”), from ab (“amiss”) + orior (“appear, be born, arise”).
Senses: glosses: Someone or something born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
glosses: A fruitless effort.
glosses: A medicine that causes abortion, an abortifacient.
examples: text: Naphthalin was praised by Rosbach as an abortive in typhoid fever; Kraemer in 1886, Wilcox in 1887, Sehwald in 1889 and Wolff of Philadelphia in 1891 confirmed Rosbach's observations.
ref: 1897 August 7, E. Viko, “On the Treatment of Typhoid Fever”, in The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 29, number 6, Chicago, Ill., →DOI, page 274:
glosses: A medicine or treatment acting to halt or slow the progress of a disease.
abortive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.tɪv/
ipa: /əˈbɔː.tɪv/
Forms: form: abortives
form: abortiving
form: abortived
form: abortived
Etymology: First attested in 1382, with the meaning "causing stillbirth or miscarriage". From Middle English abortif, from Old French abortif, from Latin abortīvus (“causing abortion”), from aborior (“miscarry, disappear”), from ab (“amiss”) + orior (“appear, be born, arise”).
Senses: glosses: To cause an abortion; to render without fruit.
abortively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.tɪv.li/
Forms: form: more abortively
form: most abortively
Etymology: From abortive + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.
Related terms: abort
abortion
abortiveness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔɹ.tɪv.nəs/
Forms: form: abortivenesses
Etymology: From abortive + -ness.
Senses: synonyms: abortivity
glosses: The quality of being abortive.
glosses: The result or product of being abortive.
abortment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: abortments
Etymology: From abort + -ment.
Senses: glosses: Abortion.
abought
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɔːt/
rhymes: -ɔːt
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of aby
abound
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbaʊnd/
ipa: /əˈbaʊnd/
rhymes: -aʊnd
Forms: form: abounds
form: abounding
form: abounded
form: abounded
Etymology: * First attested around 1325.
* From Middle English abounden, abounde, from Old French abonder, abunder, from Latin abundāre (“overflow”), which comes from ab (“from, down from”) + undō (“surge, swell, rise in waves, move in waves”), from unda (“wave”).
Senses: glosses: To be full to overflowing; to bristle.
glosses: To be wealthy.
glosses: To be highly productive.
examples: text: Wild animals abound wherever man does not stake his claim.
text: Moreouer, the Lawe entred, that the offence might abound: but where sinne abounded, grace did much more abound.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 5:20:
text: One end of the east-west building is wet, the other windy, and at present there is smoke abounding, too; but these distressing yard elements can be completely excluded at each end by full-width folding doors [...].
ref: 1960 December, “New G.E. Line diesel loco maintenance depot at Stratford”, in Trains Illustrated, page 766:
text: Evidence for cannibalism abounds - even if circumstantial - both from the modern world and throughout history, but academic anthropology has found itself in a funk of denial.
ref: 2000 September 7, Henry Gee, “Eating people - is it bad taste?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN, archived from the original on 09 May 2014:
glosses: To be present or available in large numbers or quantities; to be plentiful.
glosses: To revel in.
examples: text: The wilderness abounds in traps.
text: This pond abounds with fish.
text: I could plainly diſcover from whence one Family derives a long Chin; why a ſecond hath abounded with Knaves for two Generations, and Fools for two more; why a third happened to be crack-brained, and a fourth to be Sharpers.
ref: 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of Glubbdubdrib. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 108:
text: 1858-1860, George Rawlinson, The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World
the wild boar, which abounds both in Azerbijan and in the country about Hamadan
info_templates: extra_data: words: in
expansion: [with in or with ‘something’]
glosses: To be copiously supplied.
Derived terms: abounder
aboundingly
overabound
superabound
Related terms: abundance
abundant
bountiful
about
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbaʊ̯t/
ipa: /əˈbaʊ̯t/
note: Canadian raising
ipa: [əˈbʌʊ̯t]
note: Canadian raising
ipa: [əˈbɐʊ̯t]
note: Canadian raising
ipa: [əˈboʊ̯t]
note: Nova Scotia
ipa: [əˈbɵu̯t]
ipa: [əˈbɛʊ̯t]
ipa: /əˈbɛʊ̯t/
note: Local Dublin
ipa: /əˈbɛʊ̯/
note: Local Dublin
ipa: [əˈbɛʊ̯ʔ]
ipa: /əˈbuːt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: aboot
form: abowt
form: a.
form: ab.
form: abt.
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *ana-
Proto-West Germanic *ana-
Old English on-?
Proto-West Germanic *biūtan
Old English būtan
Old English onbūtan
Middle English aboute
English about
Preposition and adverb from Middle English aboute, abouten, from Old English abūtan, onbūtan, from on (“in, on”) + būtan (“outside of”), itself from be (“by”) + ūtan (“outside”). Cognate with Old Frisian abûta (“outside; except”).
Adjective from Middle English about (adverb).
Senses: examples: text: out and about;  up and about
text: After my bout with Guillan-Barre Syndrome, it took me 6 months to be up and about again.
text: 'John, I have observed that you are often out and about of nights, sometimes as late as half past seven or eight.[…]'
ref: [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:
text: About, my Braine!
ref: c. 1600, William Shakespeare, Hamlet
text: About, about; Search Windsor Castle, elves, within and out.
ref: c. 1597-1602, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor
text: ... the building of St. James's by my Lord St. Albans, which is now about (and which the City stomach I perceive highly, but dare not oppose it,) were it now to be done, it would not be done for a million of money.
ref: 1828 [1663], Samuel Pepys, Diary, page 95:
glosses: Moving around or in motion; astir.
examples: text: This idea has been about for a while but has only recently become fashionable.
text: To my mind, transportation engineering is similar to flying in the 1930s — it has been about for some time but it has taken the present economic jolt to shake it out of its infancy, in the same way that the war started the development of flying to its current stage.
ref: 1975, IPC Building & Contract Journals Ltd, Highways & road construction, volume 43:
text: Although it has been about for some time now, I like the typeface Sauna.
ref: 2005, IDG Communications, Digit, numbers 89-94:
text: 2006, Great Britain Parliament: House of Lords Science and Technology Committee, Energy: Meeting With Malcolm Wicks MP,
Is not this sudden interest in capturing CO₂ — and it has been about for a little while — simply another hidey-hole for the government to creep into?
glosses: In existence; being in evidence; apparent.
examples: text: I had my keys just a minute ago, so they must be about somewhere.
text: Watch out, there's a thief about.
glosses: Near; in the vicinity or neighbourhood.
Synonyms: sense: moving around
word: around
sense: moving around
word: active
sense: moving around
word: mobile
sense: moving around
word: astir
sense: in existence
word: around
about-sledge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: about-sledges
form: about sledge
form: aboutsledge
Senses: glosses: The largest hammer used by smiths.
above
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: ə-bŭvʹ
ipa: /əˈbʌv/
ipa: /əˈbʌv/
rhymes: -ʌv
Forms: form: aboue
Etymology: From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.
The preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.
Senses: examples: text: Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.
ref: 2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 80:
glosses: Directly overhead; vertically on top of.
examples: text: Nobody has lived in it since the summer of 1879, and it is fast going to pieces. For some three years before the date mentioned above, it was occupied by the family of Charles May
ref: 1913, Ambrose Bierce, Present at a Hanging and Other Ghost Stories:
text: That angels are men in the most complete form, and enjoy every sense, may be seen above (n. 73-77); and that the light in heaven is far brighter than the light in the world (n. 126-132).
ref: 1905, Emanuel Swedenborg, chapter 19, in Heaven and Hell:
glosses: Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go.
examples: text: He’s in a better place now, floating free as the clouds above.
glosses: Into or from heaven; in the sky.
glosses: In a higher place; upstairs; farther upstream.
examples: text: He appealed to the court above.
glosses: Higher in rank, power, or position.
glosses: In addition.
glosses: More in number.
examples: text: It was a cold day at only 5 above.
glosses: Above zero; above freezing.
examples: text: The sparrow I saw was rufous above and off-white below.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: On the upper half or the dorsal surface of an animal.
Derived terms: above-cited
above-described
above-given
above-mentioned
above-named
above-quoted
above-said
above-specified
above-written
above
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ə-bŭvʹ
ipa: /əˈbʌv/
ipa: /əˈbʌv/
rhymes: -ʌv
Forms: form: aboue
Etymology: From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.
The preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.
Senses: glosses: Of heaven; heavenly.
qualifier: by ellipsis
glosses: Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page.
above
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ə-bŭvʹ
ipa: /əˈbʌv/
ipa: /əˈbʌv/
rhymes: -ʌv
Forms: form: aboue
Etymology: From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.
The preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.
Senses: examples: text: A brother from another mother, sent from the above.
ref: 1998, “Twinz”, in Capital Punishment, performed by Big Pun and Fat Joe:
glosses: Heaven.
glosses: Something, especially a person's name in legal documents, that appears higher on the same page or on a preceding page.
glosses: Higher authority.
examples: text: Withal they saw of him that he had no doubt but that they should come to their above on the morrow,
ref: 1896, William Morris, The Well at the World's End:
glosses: betterment, raised status or condition.
Related terms: abovesaid
aboves'd
aboveboard
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Facebook, for its part, maintains that the data-collection activity its Research app undertook was aboveboard and not at all duplicitous.
ref: 2019 January 31, Ian Bogost, “Apple’s Empty Grandstanding About Privacy”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: Alternative form of above-board.
above-cited
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbʌvˌsaɪt.əd/
Senses: glosses: Cited before, in the preceding part of a text.
abovedeck
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more abovedeck
form: most abovedeck
Etymology: From above + deck.
Senses: examples: text: Dress warmly so that you can stay abovedeck in the fresh air.
ref: 1983, Steven K. Katona, Valerie Rough, David T. Richardson, A Field Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Seals of the Gulf of Maine and Eastern Canada, page 20:
text: Abovedeck the air had been black with wind.
ref: 2004, Courtney Angela Brkic, Stillness: And Other Stories:
text: I wondered, sir, if you might like to accompany me abovedeck for some fresh air.
ref: 2010, Cheryl Cooper, Come Looking for Me:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: On deck.
abovedeck
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more abovedeck
form: most abovedeck
Etymology: From above + deck.
Senses: examples: text: These heating elements allow the gun mount to continue to operate when the abovedeck temperature is as low as 40° C.
ref: 1997, Jim Bomar, Gunner's Mate, page 5-44:
text: The ship's rocking seemed less noticeable below the water's surface, so the first mate recommended that everyone come out of the abovedeck cabins and staterooms to weather the storm in the lower ballrooms.
ref: 2016, Nessi Monstrata, Lagoona Blue and the Big Sea Scarecation:
text: She was easily two hundred fifty feet long, with her dark, forbidding abovedeck casement taking up some two-thirds of that length.
ref: 2016, Michael Kilian, Ironclad Alibi:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Located on deck.
abovedeck
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From above + deck.
Senses: examples: text: It's a good idea to plan these jobs in logical steps, working down from abovedeck to the bilge.
ref: 1978, Martin Levin, How to Get from January Through December in Powerboating, page 174:
text: The brightness from abovedeck made the shadowed interior all the darker.
ref: 2004, Kurt R. A. Giambastiani, From the Heart of the Storm, page 276:
text: From abovedeck, shouts could be heard, mingling with the sound of running feet.
ref: 2015, Sara Orwig, Tides of Passion:
glosses: The area on a boat that is abovedeck.
above-mentioned
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbʌvˌmɛnʃn̩d/
Senses: glosses: Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.
Synonyms: above-named
abovementioned
aforementioned
abovesaid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbʌvˌsɜd/
Forms: form: above-said
Etymology: From above + said.
Senses: examples: text: ...which being disagreeable to the animal œconomy, is thrust out by nature, into the glands that separate the oyl abovesaid.
ref: 1734, William Stukeley, Of the Gout, J. Roberts, page 14:
synonyms: above-named
above-mentioned
above-written
aforesaid
glosses: Mentioned or recited before.
Derived terms: aboves'd
abox
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɑks/
rhymes: -ɑks
Etymology: From a- + box (“boxhaul”).
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Braced aback
Derived terms: brace abox
abox
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɑks/
rhymes: -ɑks
Etymology: From a- + box (“boxhaul”).
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Braced aback
abracadabra
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæbɹəkəˈdæbɹə/
rhymes: -æbɹə
Forms: form: abracadabras
form: abra-cadabra
Etymology: From Late Latin abracadabra, a word used in magical writings, of unknown origin. Relationships have been suggested with Abraxas (a Gnostic deity), and with various Aramaic or Hebrew terms עַבְרָא כְּדַבְרָא (avra kedavra, literally “what was said has come to pass”), עַבְדָא כְּדַבְרָא (avda kedavra, literally “what was said has been done”); אַרְבַּע־אֶחַד־אַרְבַּע (arba-eḥad-arba, literally “four-one-four”), but there is little supporting evidence.
Senses: examples: text: Where is the necessity of this provision in the Constitution? […] Can anyone believe that we, by any amendments of ours, by any of our scribbling on that parchment, by any amulet, any legerdemain—charm—Abrecadabra—of ours can prevent our sons from doing the same thing—that is, from doing as they please, just as we are doing as we please? It is impossible. Who can bind posterity?
ref: 1851, Hugh A. Garland, quoting John Randolph of Roanoke, “The Virginia Convention—Every Change is Not Reform”, in The Life of John Randolph of Roanoke, volume II, New York: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 329:
text: With a quiet bank holiday afternoon to fill, the Mill yesterday dug out the old magic kit, brushed the cobwebs off its top hat and practiced a few abracadabras.
ref: 2012 August 28, Georgina Turner, The Guardian:
glosses: A use of the mystical term ‘abracadabra’, supposed to work as part of a healing charm or a magical spell; any spell or incantation making use of the word.
examples: text: I don’t know all the theoretical abracadabra about how it works, I’m only its pilot.
text: Astrology was not specifically banned in the statutes against witchcraft, but so long as its technicalities remained abracadabra to the lay public there was always a risk that the practitioner might find himself arrested for sorcery.
ref: 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society 2012, page 335:
glosses: Mumbo jumbo; obscure language or technicalities; jargon.
abracadabra
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæbɹəkəˈdæbɹə/
rhymes: -æbɹə
Forms: form: abra-cadabra
Etymology: From Late Latin abracadabra, a word used in magical writings, of unknown origin. Relationships have been suggested with Abraxas (a Gnostic deity), and with various Aramaic or Hebrew terms עַבְרָא כְּדַבְרָא (avra kedavra, literally “what was said has come to pass”), עַבְדָא כְּדַבְרָא (avda kedavra, literally “what was said has been done”); אַרְבַּע־אֶחַד־אַרְבַּע (arba-eḥad-arba, literally “four-one-four”), but there is little supporting evidence.
Senses: examples: text: Next, the conjuror filled a glass with water from a big jug and then covered the tumbler with a cloth. "Abracadabra," he cried and crumpled the cloth.
ref: 1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 49:
synonyms: hey presto
glosses: Used to indicate that a magic trick or other illusion has been performed.
Derived terms: abracadabrangle
abracadabric
Related terms: Avada Kedavra
abradant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪd.n̩t/
Forms: form: abradants
Etymology: From abrade + -ant.
Senses: glosses: A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.; an abrasive.
abradant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪd.n̩t/
Forms: form: more abradant
form: most abradant
Etymology: From abrade + -ant.
Senses: glosses: Tending to abrade; causing irritation; abrasive.
abrade
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
homophone: abraid
Forms: form: abrades
form: abrading
form: abraded
form: abraded
Etymology: From Latin abrādō (“scrape off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”). First attested in 1677.
Senses: examples: text: “Wildcat Ridge” is the name given to a rock about 3 feet (1 meter) wide that likely formed billions of years ago as mud and fine sand settled in an evaporating saltwater lake. On July 20, the rover abraded some of the surface of Wildcat Ridge so it could analyze the area with the instrument called Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals, or SHERLOC.
ref: 2022 September 15, “NASA’s Perseverance Rover Investigates Geologically Rich Mars Terrain”, in Sean Potter, editor, NASA.gov, archived from the original on 15 Sep 2022:
glosses: To rub or wear off; erode.
synonyms: chafe
glosses: To wear down or exhaust, as a person; irritate.
glosses: To irritate by rubbing; chafe.
glosses: To cause the surface to become more rough.
glosses: To undergo abrasion.
Derived terms: abradable
abradant
abrader
abradingly
microabrade
reabrade
unabraded
abrade
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
homophone: abraid
Forms: form: abrades
form: abrading
form: abraded
form: abraded
Etymology: From Middle English abraiden. See abraid.
Senses: glosses: Obsolete spelling of abraid.
Abrahamic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪ.bɹəˈhæm.ɪk/
rhymes: -æmɪk
Etymology: From Abraham + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: [T]he Noachic and Abrahamic churches are connected by Shem, and the other long-lived patriarchs, who existed before the apostasy of Noah's posterity, and survived it
ref: 1832, Isaac Cullimore, “Criteria for Determining the Accuracy of Scripture Chronology”, in The Morning watch: or, Quarterly journal on prophecy, and theological review, volume 4:
text: Paul's faith was at this crisis in his spiritual illumination more Abrahamic than Christlike in its character.
ref: 1896, James S. Kennedy, “Spiritual Development of St. Paul”, in The Methodist review, page 66:
glosses: Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch.
examples: text: Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Baháʼí Faith are all Abrahamic religions.
text: [The messianic] does not belong properly to any Abrahamic religion (even if I may here continue “entre nous” for essential reasons of language and of place, of culture, and of provisional rhetorical and historical strategy of which I will speak later, to give to it names inscribed by the Abrahamic religions).
ref: 2005, Yvonne Sherwood, Kevin Hart, quoting Jacques Derrida, Derrida and Religion: Other Testaments, page 121:
text: Most anthropologists, myself at the forefront, are doubtless incredibly naive about the nature of Christianity and provincial with respect to the depth and riches of Abrahamic-based theory for the analysis of religious phenomena more broadly no less than for philosophy.
ref: 2007, Hent De Vries, Religion: Beyond a Concept, →ISBN, page 123:
text: Christianity, not Islam, was the first of the Abrahamic cults to come to the Sudan.
ref: 2009, Stig Jarle Hansen, Atle Mesøy, Tuncay Kardas, The Borders of Islam, →ISBN, page 158:
glosses: Descended from the religious tradition of Abraham.
raw_tags: of a religion
Synonyms: sense: pertaining to Abraham
word: Abrahamical
sense: pertaining to Abraham
word: Abrahamitic
sense: pertaining to Abraham
word: Ibrahimic
sense: of the family of religions revering Abraham
word: Abrahamist
sense: of the family of religions revering Abraham
word: Ibrahimic
sense: of the family of religions revering Abraham
word: Semitic
sense: of the family of religions revering Abraham
word: Judeo-Christo-Islamic
Derived terms: Abrahamic religion
anti-Abrahamic
Pan-Abrahamic
pre-Abrahamic
Related terms: Abrahamism
Abrahamic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪ.bɹəˈhæm.ɪk/
rhymes: -æmɪk
Forms: form: Abrahamics
Etymology: From Abraham + -ic.
Senses: glosses: A member of an Abrahamic religion (usually Christians and Muslims, and also Jews).
Abrahamitic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Abrahamitic
form: most Abrahamitic
form: Abrahamitical
Senses: glosses: Relating to the patriarch Abraham.
Synonyms: Abrahamic
Abraham man
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪ.bɹəˌhæm mæn/
ipa: /ˈeɪ.bɹə.həm mæn/
Forms: form: Abraham men
form: Abraham-man
form: Abrahamman
form: Abram man
form: Abram-man
form: Abramman
Etymology: From patients claiming, genuinely or not, to be temporarily discharged from the Abraham ward at Bethlem Royal Hospital (also known as Bedlam), a psychiatric hospital in London, for the purpose of begging. Possibly an allusion to a story in Luke 16, in which the beggar Lazarus ends up in Abraham's bosom. First use appears c. 1561 in The Fraternity of Vagabonds (1561) by John Awdely.
Senses: qualifier: thieves' cant
glosses: A mentally ill beggar.
examples: text: An Abraham man is he that walketh bare armed, and bare legged, and fayneth hymselfe mad, and caryeth a packe of wool, or a stycke with baken on it, or such lyke toy, and nameth himselfe poore Tom.
ref: 1561, John Awdely, The Fraternitye of Vacabondes:
text: Of all the mad rascalls (that are of this wing) the Abraham-man is the most phantastick: The fellow (quoth this old Lady of the Lake unto me) that sat halfe naked (at table to day) from the girdle upward, is the best Abraham-man that ever came to my house and the notablest villaine: he sweares he hath bin in bedlam, and will talke frantickly of purpose[…]
ref: 1608, Thomas Dekker, The Bel-Man of London, J. M. Dent & Sons, published 1905, An Abraham-man, pages 98–99:
glosses: Any beggar who pretends to be ill, physically or mentally, to obtain alms.
Synonyms: Abraham cove
Abraham-cove
Abram
Abram-cove
Abram cove
Bedlam beggar
God's minstrel
Poor Tom
Tom of Bedlam
Tom of Bedlam's man
Derived terms: Abraham work
sham Abraham
sham Abram
abraid
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
homophone: abrade
Forms: form: abraids
form: abraiding
form: abraided
form: abraided
form: abraid
form: abraid
form: abray
Etymology: From Middle English abraiden, abreiden (“to start up, awake, move, reproach”), from Old English ābreġdan (“to move quickly, vibrate, draw, draw from, remove, unsheath, wrench, pull out, withdraw, take away, draw back, free from, draw up, raise, lift up, start up”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + *bregdaną (“to move, swing”), of uncertain further origin. Equivalent to a- + braid. Related to Dutch breien (“to knit”), German bretten (“to knit”).
Senses: glosses: To wrench (something) out.
glosses: To unsheathe a blade, draw a weapon.
examples: text: But when as I did out of ſleepe abray, / I found her not where I her left whyleare, […]
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 90:
text: But from his study he at last abray'd, / Call'd by the hermit old[…]
ref: 1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso, XIII, l:
glosses: To wake up.
glosses: To spring, start, make a sudden movement.
glosses: To shout out.
glosses: To rise in the stomach with nausea.
Related terms: abray
abraid
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
homophone: abrade
Etymology: From Middle English abrede. More at abread.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of abread.
abranchial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪˈbɹæŋ.ki.l̩/
Etymology: From a- + branchial.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Lacking gills.
Synonyms: abranchiate
abranchious
debranchiate
Derived terms: abranchialism
abranchiata
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪˈbɹæŋ.kiˌɑ.tə/
ipa: /eɪˈbɹæŋ.kiˌeɪ.tə/
Etymology: From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βράγχια (bránkhia, “gills”) + -ata.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: An order of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration, usually including Oligochaeta.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Any of a number of other groupings of gill-less animals.
Synonyms: Abranchia
abranchiate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪˈbɹæŋ.ki.ɪt/
ipa: /eɪˈbɹæŋ.kiˌeɪt/
Etymology: * First attested in the 19th century.
* a- (“not”) + branchiate (“gills”).
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Without gills.
Synonyms: abranchial
abranchious
debranchiate
abranchiate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪˈbɹæŋ.ki.ɪt/
ipa: /eɪˈbɹæŋ.kiˌeɪt/
Forms: form: abranchiates
Etymology: * First attested in the 19th century.
* a- (“not”) + branchiate (“gills”).
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: An organism that does not have gills.
abrase
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪz/
rhymes: -eɪz
Etymology: From Latin abrāsus, perfect passive participle of abrādō (“abrade”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”).
Senses: examples: text: An abrase table.
ref: 1600 (first performance), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Cynthias Reuels, or The Fountayne of Selfe-Loue. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC:
glosses: Rubbed smooth or blank.
abrase
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪz/
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: abrases
form: abrasing
form: abrased
form: abrased
Etymology: From Latin abrāsus, perfect passive participle of abrādō (“abrade”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”).
Senses: glosses: To wear down; rub clean; smoothen; abrade.
Derived terms: abrasive
unabrased
abrasion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩/
rhymes: -eɪʒən
Forms: form: abrasions
Etymology: First attested in 1656. From French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”). See also abrade.
Senses: examples: text: The metal surface showed signs of abrasion after years of use.
glosses: The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction.
glosses: The substance thus rubbed off; debris.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it.
glosses: An abraded, scraped, or worn area.
examples: text: The doctor cleaned the small skin abrasion on her knee.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away.
topics: dentistry
medicine
sciences
glosses: The wearing away of the surface of the tooth by chewing.
Derived terms: abrasiometer
abrasional
abrasion platform
airbrasion
antiabrasion
dermabrasion
dermoabrasion
microabrasion
Related terms: abrade
contusion
laceration
abrasive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪ.sɪv/
ipa: /əˈbɹeɪ.zɪv/
Forms: form: more abrasive
form: most abrasive
Etymology: From Medieval Latin abrāsīvus
Senses: glosses: Producing abrasion; rough enough to wear away the outer surface.
examples: text: An abrasive person can grate on one's sensibilities.
text: Despite her proper upbringing, we found her manners to be terribly abrasive.
text: The women of the movement, it struck me, were more humorless and more single-minded in their total dedication to the ideology than were the men. In fact, Chiang Ching was unpleasantly abrasive and aggressive. At one point that evening she turned to me and in a challenging voice asked, "Why did you not come to China before now?" Since the ballet was in progress at the time, I did not respond.
ref: 1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 570:
synonyms: cutting
glosses: Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation.
Derived terms: abrasive blasting
abrasive disc
abrasively
abrasiveness
abrasive paper
airbrasive
dermabrasive
microabrasive
nonabrasive
non-abrasive
unabrasive
abrasive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈbɹeɪ.sɪv/
ipa: /əˈbɹeɪ.zɪv/
Forms: form: abrasives
Etymology: From Medieval Latin abrāsīvus
Senses: glosses: A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: Rock fragments, sand grains, mineral particles, used by water, wind, and ice to abrade a land surface.
Related terms: abrasion