cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
rase
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rāz
ipa: /ɹeɪz/
text: -
homophone: raise
homophone: rays
homophone: raze
homophone: rehs
homophone: réis
homophone: res
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: rases
form: rasing
form: rased
form: rased
Etymology: From Late Middle English rasen, rasyn (“to rage; to enrage (?)”), probably from Middle Dutch râsen, râzen (“to be extremely angry, rage; to be mad, rave; to talk nonsense; of a dog: to be rabid”), from Old Dutch *rāson (modern Dutch razen), from Proto-West Germanic *rāsōn (“to rush”), Proto-Germanic *rēsōną (“to rush”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow; to rush”).
cognates
* Swedish rasa (“rage”)
Senses: examples: text: [T]he ſtones did ſeem / Too roare and bellow hoarce: and doggs too howle and raze extréeme: […]
ref: 1567, Ovid, “The Fourteenth Booke”, in Arthur Golding, transl., The XV. Bookes of P. Ouidius Naso, Entytuled Metamorphosis, […], London: […] Willyam Seres […], →OCLC, folio 179, recto:
text: So up & down that critic rased / & back & foorth he foyned & trased / & monstrous strookes deliverd; […]
ref: a. 1896 (date written), Eugene Field, “The Tragedie of Elaine”, in The Clink of the Ice and Other Poems Worth Reading, Chicago, Ill.: M. A. Donohue & Co., published 1905, →OCLC, stanza 3, page 131:
glosses: To be extremely angry; to rage; specifically, of a dog or wolf: to snarl in rage.
rase
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rāz
ipa: /ɹeɪz/
text: -
homophone: raise
homophone: rays
homophone: raze
homophone: rehs
homophone: réis
homophone: res
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: rases
form: rasing
form: rased
form: rased
Etymology: PIE word
 *wréh₂ds
A variant of race (“(obsolete) to pluck; to pull off; to snatch; to tear”), partly influenced by raze.
Senses: examples: text: [T]his Night / He dreamt, the Bore had raſed off his Helme: […]
ref: c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 187, column 2:
text: But doom the arm that perils not / In beauty's quarrel, every vein / That runs with ruddy drops, to rot / Beneath a taunting chain, / And that ignoblest hands should rase / The crest and spur from one so base.
ref: 1820, J[eremiah] H[olmes] Wiffen, “The Captive of Stamboul”, in Julia Alpinula; with The Captive of Stamboul and Other Poems, London: John Warren, […], →OCLC, canto I, stanza XIII, page 111, lines 357–362:
glosses: Alternative spelling of race (“to pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something)”).
rase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rāz
ipa: /ɹeɪz/
text: -
homophone: raise
homophone: rays
homophone: raze
homophone: rehs
homophone: réis
homophone: res
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: rases
Etymology: Probably either:
* from Late Latin rāsum (neuter), rāsa (“level measure of grain”, feminine), a noun use of Latin rāsus (“scraped; shaved”, masculine), the perfect passive participle of rādō (“to scrape; to scratch; to shave; to touch upon, graze”), from Proto-Italic *razdō, further etymology unknown; or
* from Anglo-Norman rase (“level measure of grain”), from Latin rāsus (see above).
Senses: examples: text: Toll ſhall be taken by the Raſe, and not by the Heap or Cantel. Ordinance for Bakers, Brevvers, &c. cap. 4. it ſeems to have been a meaſure of Corn, novv diſuſed
ref: 1670, Thomas Blount, “Rase”, in Νομο-λεξικον [Nomo-lexikon]: A Law-dictionary. […], In the Savoy [London]: […] Tho[mas] Newcomb, for John Martin and Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, signature [Hhh2], recto, column 1:
glosses: A measure in which the commodity assessed is made level with the top of the measuring vessel rather than heaped above it.
Derived terms: english: of a measure: level
translation: of a measure: level
word: race
rase
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rāz
ipa: /ɹeɪz/
text: -
homophone: raise
homophone: rays
homophone: raze
homophone: rehs
homophone: réis
homophone: res
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: rases
form: rasing
form: rased
form: rased
Etymology: From rase, race (“(usually white) marking on the head of an animal, chiefly a horse”); further etymology uncertain, possibly a specific use of race (“(obsolete) mark; cut, scratch”, noun), from race (“to cut, slash; to scratch; to tear”) (southwest England), a variant of raze.
Senses: glosses: Of a natural marking on the head of an animal (chiefly a horse): to extend down the head.
ratchet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæt͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -æt͡ʃɪt
Forms: form: ratchets
form: rachet
Etymology: From French rochet (“bobbin, spindle, ratchet”), from Italian rocchetto (“spool, ratchet”).
Senses: glosses: A pawl, click, or detent for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.
glosses: A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch and pawl.
glosses: A ratchet wrench.
examples: text: The threat of terrorism to the British lies in the overreaction to it of British governments. Each one in turn clicks up the ratchet of surveillance, intrusion and security. Each one diminishes liberty.
ref: 2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23:
glosses: A procedure or regulation that goes in one direction, usually up.
examples: text: Ahead of them a group of mandibulous sales men had set up their combustion cups and incendiary ratchets to demonstrate their wares to whatever officers might come by.
ref: 2013, Charles Morgan, Youthful Folly, →ISBN, page 94:
glosses: A noisemaker or musical instrument where sound is generated by a board striking against a rotating gear.
topics: business
finance
glosses: Ellipsis of full ratchet.
Derived terms: Brownian ratchet
Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet
full ratchet
Muller's ratchet
ratchet coupling
ratchet drill
ratchet effect
ratchet jack
ratchet jaw
ratchet lever
ratchet punch
ratchet wrench
ratchet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæt͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -æt͡ʃɪt
Forms: form: ratchets
form: ratcheting
form: ratcheted
form: ratcheted
form: rachet
Etymology: From French rochet (“bobbin, spindle, ratchet”), from Italian rocchetto (“spool, ratchet”).
Senses: examples: text: This holddown ratchets, which allows the person loading the trailer to cinch down the straps.
text: Compared with the excellent scroll wheels on the Basilisk V3 and G502 X, the G203’s scroll wheel feels less defined and mushier in its ratcheting.
ref: 2024 January 16, Kimber Streams, “The Best Gaming Mouse”, in Wirecutter:
glosses: To increment or decrement; especially, to offer controlled motion that can increment while resisting decrement, or vice versa.
examples: text: Get this holddown into position, but don't start ratcheting it yet. When I say go, you start ratcheting it, OK?
text: It's time to ratchet up the intensity level here.
text: Yugoslavia’s President, Slobodan Milosevic, has rejected all efforts at meaningful diplomacy and, in violation of his own previous commitments, has ratcheted up his military campaign against the innocent civilians of Kosovo.
ref: 1999 March 25, “Air Campaign Against Yugoslavia”, in The New York Times, New York:
glosses: To cause (something) to become incremented or decremented.
Derived terms: ratcheting toadlet
ratchet up
ratchet
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæt͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -æt͡ʃɪt
Forms: form: more ratchet
form: most ratchet
Etymology: Possibly a variant (representing a Southern or specifically Louisianan pronunciation) of wretched. Compare rasslin' for wrestling.
Senses: examples: text: The one thing that always accompanies Miley's ratchet look (along with the gang signs) is the tongue, which is sort of like saying this persona that she has adopted is some sort of gonzo idiot who can't keep its tongue in her head.
ref: 2013 September 24, Elspeth Reeve, Brian Moylan, “Miley Cyrus's Tongue: A Debate”, in The Atlantic:
text: The feminine-meets-fiesty creations are right on par with all the reasons we love the rightgeously^([sic]) ratchet “Work” singer — and she knows it.
ref: 2016 April 19, Julee Wilson, “Rihanna's Latest Sock Collection is Exactly What You'd Expect...and More”, in Essence:
text: Classy in the streets but we ratchet
ref: 2018 March 28, Todrick Hall, “T.H.U.G. (Trade)”, in Forbidden, track 14:
glosses: Ghetto; unseemly, indecorous.
ratchet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹæt͡ʃɪt/
rhymes: -æt͡ʃɪt
Forms: form: ratchets
Etymology: Possibly a variant (representing a Southern or specifically Louisianan pronunciation) of wretched. Compare rasslin' for wrestling.
Senses: examples: text: I love it when jaboons let their jibbering get them in 5 times as much trouble as they're already in. Let's see if this ratchet can keep her dick trap shut in court.
ref: 2023 January 3, KWILLS, soc.culture.african.american (Usenet):
glosses: A person, usually a female, who acts or behaves in a ghetto, unseemly, or indecorous way or manner.
Derived terms: ratchetness
rave
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rāv
ipa: /ɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: raves
Etymology: From Middle English raven (“to rave; talk like a madman”), from Old French raver, variant of resver, of uncertain origin. Compare rave below, and rove.
Senses: examples: text: The first-night audience, yes. The first-night reviewers, not exactly. The notices have so far been mixed, only The Financial Times having delivered itself of an unequivocal rave.
ref: 1989, The New York Times Theater Reviews, 1920-, volume 18, page 167:
synonyms: raving review
glosses: An enthusiastic review (such as of a play).
synonyms: rave-up
glosses: An all-night dance party with electronic dance music (techno, trance, drum and bass etc.) in small unknown clubs.
examples: text: Maybe I wear baggies / And white socks with flip-flops / Maybe I don't like listening to rave / And I'm not on the social mountaintops
ref: 2009, Chrysalis Experiential Academy, Mind Harvesting, page 109:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The genres of electronic dance music made to be played in rave parties.
Derived terms: all the rave
rave
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rāv
ipa: /ɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: raves
form: raving
form: raved
form: raved
Etymology: From Middle English raven (“to rave; talk like a madman”), from Old French raver, variant of resver, of uncertain origin. Compare rave below, and rove.
Senses: examples: text: Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast?
ref: 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv, page 1:
text: The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went raving down the valley to the gorge of Killiecrankie.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
glosses: To be mentally unclear; to be delirious; to talk or act irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging.
examples: text: "She is in trance. Your daughter, sir, is a powerful medium." "A medium! You are raving."
ref: 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
glosses: To speak or write wildly or incoherently.
examples: text: He raved about her beauty.
text: The hallowed scene / Which others rave on, though they know it not.
ref: 1812, Lord Byron, “Canto I”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: […] [F]or John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza LXII:
text: “A beautiful country!”
“I suppose it is. Everybody says so.”
“Your cousin Feenix raves about it, Edith,” interposed her mother from her couch.
ref: 1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:
qualifier: "of" or (formerly) "on"
glosses: To talk with excessive enthusiasm, passion or excitement.
raw_tags: followed by "about"
examples: text: Under a mightie rocke, gainst which do rave
The roaring billowes in their proud disdaine
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: To rush wildly or furiously.
examples: text: The situation with Tommy's parents made me grateful my parents hadn't caught on to my partying that summer. How had I gotten away with raving every weekend, and sometimes on Thursday nights too?
ref: 2021, Samantha Durbin, Raver Girl: Coming of Age in the 90s:
glosses: To attend a rave (dance party).
Synonyms: word: craze
word: have a few kangaroos loose in the top paddock
word: have a screw loose
word: have bats in one's belfry
word: have bats in the belfry
word: have squirrels in one's attic
word: have toys in the attic
word: nut out
word: rave
Meronyms: word: gibber
Derived terms: rant and rave
Related terms: word: rant
word: mad person
word: insane
word: insanity
word: becraze
rave
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rāv
ipa: /ɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: raves
form: raving
form: raved
form: raved
Etymology: From northern Middle English raven, from Old Norse ráfa (“to wander, roam”), of uncertain and obscure origin. Perhaps from a dissimilation of Proto-Germanic *wab(b)ōną (“to sway, waver, swing, shake, wobble, totter, reel, careen”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to move, swarm, waft”). Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk rava (“to wander, be delirious”). Doublet of rove.
Compare also Middle Dutch reven (“to utter nonsense, rave, be drowsy”) (whence modern Dutch revelen (“to rave, talk nonsense”), Middle Low German rēven (“to be crazy, think and talk nonsensically”), Middle High German reben (“to move about, dream, be confused”) (compare Alemannic German räbeln (“to make loud noise”)).
Senses: glosses: To wander or roam.
glosses: To stray or err.
Synonyms: word: craze
word: have a few kangaroos loose in the top paddock
word: have a screw loose
word: have bats in one's belfry
word: have bats in the belfry
word: have squirrels in one's attic
word: have toys in the attic
word: nut out
word: rave
Meronyms: word: gibber
Related terms: word: mad person
word: insane
word: insanity
word: becraze
rave
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rāv
ipa: /ɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Forms: form: raves
Etymology: English dialect raves, or rathes (“a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay, etc.”).
Senses: examples: text: It was astonishing to see how he had gnawed the rave of the sled.
ref: 1851, Harper's New Monthly Magazine, volume 3, page 519:
text: The main lever rests upon the rave when not in use.
ref: 1875, Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, page 345:
text: Next I weld a collar on, A, to keep the brake in place when on the sled; then make a two-eyed bolt to fasten the brake to the rave.
ref: 1891, Milton Thomas Richardson, Practical Blacksmithing, page 192:
text: The superstructure of the tender is modified by the removal of the side raves, and compartments for the fire-irons are formed on each side of the coal bunker.
ref: 1956 April, “"Merchant Navy" Class Pacific Modified”, in Railway Magazine, page 212:
glosses: One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a wagon body or a sleigh.
rave
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rāv
ipa: /ɹeɪv/
rhymes: -eɪv
Senses: glosses: simple past of rive
Synonyms: word: craze
word: have a few kangaroos loose in the top paddock
word: have a screw loose
word: have bats in one's belfry
word: have bats in the belfry
word: have squirrels in one's attic
word: have toys in the attic
word: nut out
word: rave
Meronyms: word: gibber
Related terms: word: mad person
word: insane
word: insanity
word: becraze
raver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: ravers
Etymology: From Middle English ravere, ravare, rafar, equivalent to rave + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The life of a superstar DJ sounds like one endless party. You get to travel the world, perform for thousands of scantily clad ravers, and earn a stack of money.
ref: 2005 October 10, Theunis Bates, “iPod is a DJ”, in Time:
text: Ravers listen to technomusic at home, and some have commented that certain tracks of music can elicit ASC similar to the ones experienced at raves.
ref: 2005, Michael J. Gilmour, Call Me the Seeker, page 244:
text: In large part, happycore was the result of an exodus of white ravers from the jungle scene, in reaction to the influx of black youth and the attendant mood change from bonhomie to surliness.
ref: 2013, Simon Reynolds, Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture, page 291:
glosses: A person who attends rave parties, or who belongs to that subculture.
examples: text: Wouldn't it be nice to get on with me neighbours / But they make it very clear they've got no room for ravers
ref: 1968, “Lazy Sunday”, in Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake, performed by Small Faces:
text: Well, you wore out your welcome with random precision / Rode on the steel breeze / Come on, you raver, you seer of visions / Come on, you painter, you piper, you prisoner, and shine
ref: 1975, David Gilmour, Richard Wright, Roger Waters, “Shine On You Crazy Diamond”, in Wish You Were Here, performed by Pink Floyd:
glosses: A person who raves or rants.
Derived terms: candy raver
raze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rāz
ipa: /ɹeɪz/
ipa: /ɹæɪz/
homophone: raise
homophone: rase
homophone: rays
homophone: rehs
homophone: réis
homophone: res
rhymes: -eɪz
Senses: glosses: Obsolete spelling of race (“rhizome of ginger”).
raze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rāz
ipa: /ɹeɪz/
ipa: /ɹæɪz/
homophone: raise
homophone: rase
homophone: rays
homophone: rehs
homophone: réis
homophone: res
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: razes
Senses: glosses: A swinging fence in a watercourse to prevent cattle passing through.
razor
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹeɪzə/
ipa: /ˈɹeɪzɚ/
rhymes: -eɪzə(ɹ)
Forms: form: razors
form: razoring
form: razored
form: razored
form: razour
Etymology: From Middle English rasour, from Old French rasour, from raser (“to scrape, to shave”). More at rat. By surface analysis, raze + -or. Displaced the native Old English sċierseax (literally “shaving knife”).
Senses: examples: text: He thought likewise, that what with razoring and tanning, and the change of his clothes, he was not likely to be recognised.
ref: 1868, George MacDonald, chapter 6, in Guild Court, volume 3, London: Hurst & Blackett, page 137:
text: Lord Tywin did not believe in half measures. He razored his lip and chin as well, but kept his side-whiskers, two great thickets of wiry golden hair that covered most of his cheeks from ear to jaw.
ref: 1996, George R. R. Martin, “Tyrion”, in A Game of Thrones, New York: Bantam, published 2016, page 641:
text: He might be busy examining the advertisements for prostitutes stuck up in a São Paulo phone booth, or maybe getting his ear hairs razored off at a barber shop in Vietnam.
ref: 2008 April 13, Sara Corbett, “Can the Cellphone Help End Global Poverty?”, in New York Times:
glosses: To shave with a razor.
Derived terms: word: razorable
reach
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rēch
ipa: /ɹiːt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -iːtʃ
homophone: reech
Forms: form: reaches
form: reaching
form: reached
form: reached
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of retch.
reach
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rēch
ipa: /ɹiːt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -iːtʃ
homophone: reech
Forms: form: reaches
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of retch.
reach
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rēch
ipa: /ɹiːt͡ʃ/
rhymes: -iːtʃ
homophone: reech
Forms: form: reaches
Etymology: From Japanese 立直 (rīchi), from Chinese 立直 (lìzhí).
Senses: topics: board-games
games
mahjong
qualifier: pachinko
glosses: Alternative form of riichi.
react
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: reacts
form: reacting
form: reacted
form: reacted
form: reäct
Etymology: From re- + act. Piecewise doublet of redact.
Senses: examples: text: How did she react to the news?
synonyms: take
glosses: To act in response.
examples: text: It is somewhat extraordinary, that the offence for which James II, was expelled, that of setting up power by assumption, should be re-acted, under another shape and form, by the parliament that expelled him.
ref: 1791, Thomas Paine, Rights of Man:
glosses: To act or perform a second time; to do over again; to reenact.
examples: text: Every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To cause chemical agents to react; to cause one chemical agent to react with another.
glosses: To post a reaction (icon or emoji indicating how one feels about a posted message).
Derived terms: react Anderson
react Andy
reactive
reactor
Related terms: interreact
interreaction
react
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: reacts
form: reäct
Etymology: From re- + act. Piecewise doublet of redact.
Senses: examples: text: Sad reacts only
glosses: An emoji used to express a reaction to a post on social media.
reanimate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiˈænɪmət/
ipa: /ɹiˈænəmət/
Forms: form: more reanimate
form: most reanimate
form: re-animate
Etymology: From re- + animate (adjective).
Senses: glosses: Being animate again.
reanimate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiˈænɪmət/
ipa: /ɹiˈænəmət/
ipa: /ɹiˈænɪmeɪt/
ipa: /ɹiˈænəmeɪt/
ipa: /ɹiˈænɪmət/
ipa: /ɹiˈænəmət/
Forms: form: reanimates
form: reanimating
form: reanimated
form: reanimated
form: re-animate
Etymology: From re- + animate (verb), probably after Medieval Latin reanimāre or French réanimer.
Senses: examples: text: After the geth secure a location, they round up and impale dead and living bodies on mechanical spikes. The spikes rapidly transform these victims into withered husks, extracting water and trace minerals and replacing them with cybernetics.
The cybernetics re-animate the lifeless flesh and tissue, transforming the bodies into mindless killing machines.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Husks Codex entry:
glosses: To animate again.
To restore (someone or something) to animation or life; to come back to animation or life.
synonyms: revive
revive
glosses: To animate again.
To infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into.
examples: Near-synonym: rescue
glosses: To animate again.
To revive: to restore (someone in cardiac arrest) back to cardiac function.
glosses: To animate again.
to reinvigorate.
glosses: To animate again.
to put new animation (pictures) into.
Derived terms: reanimatology
reanimator
Related terms: reanimation
reap
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rēp
ipa: /ɹiːp/
ipa: /ɹip/
rhymes: -iːp
Forms: form: reaps
form: reaping
form: reaped
form: reaped
form: reapt
form: reapt
Etymology: From Middle English repen, from Old English rēopan, rēpan, variants of Old English rīpan (“to reap”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīpan, from Proto-Germanic *rīpaną (compare West Frisian repe, Norwegian ripa (“to score, scratch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyb- (“to snatch”).
Senses: glosses: To cut (for example a grain) with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine
examples: text: And when ye reape the haruest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reape the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleanings of thy haruest.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Leviticus 19:9:
glosses: To gather (e.g. a harvest) by cutting.
examples: text: to reap a benefit from exertions
text: Be not deceiued, God is not mocked: for whatsoeuer a man soweth, that shall he also reape.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 6:7:
text: Why do I humble thus my ſelf, and ſuing / For peace, reap nothing but repulſe and hate?
ref: 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 60:
text: And what delights can equal those
⁠That stir the spirit’s inner deeps,
⁠When one that loves but knows not, reaps
A truth from one that loves and knows?
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XLI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 64:
text: England manager Roy Hodgson got plenty right with a positive selection and the decision to play Rooney in midfield reaped a rich reward - but his boldest move may also have been his biggest mistake.
ref: 2016 June 11, Phil McNulty, “England 1-1 Russia”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: To obtain or receive as a reward, in a good or a bad sense.
examples: text: Until a child process is reaped, it may be listed in the process table as a zombie or defunct process.
topics: computer
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
science
sciences
glosses: To terminate a child process that has previously exited, thereby removing it from the process table.
examples: text: Came there a certaine Lord, neat and trimly drest;
Fresh as a Bride-groome, and his Chin new reapt,
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: To deprive of the beard; to shave.
glosses: rape
Derived terms: as you sow, so shall you reap
reaper
reap hook
reaping hook
reap-silver
reap the benefits
reap the harvest
reap the whirlwind
reap-time
reap what one sows
sow the wind and reap the whirlwind
sow the wind, reap the whirlwind
reap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rēp
ipa: /ɹiːp/
ipa: /ɹip/
rhymes: -iːp
Forms: form: reaps
Etymology: From Middle English repen, from Old English rēopan, rēpan, variants of Old English rīpan (“to reap”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīpan, from Proto-Germanic *rīpaną (compare West Frisian repe, Norwegian ripa (“to score, scratch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyb- (“to snatch”).
Senses: glosses: A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut.
Synonyms: sense: bundle of grain
word: sheaf
recant
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹəˈkænt/
rhymes: -ænt
Forms: form: recants
form: recanting
form: recanted
form: recanted
Etymology: First attested in 1535, from Latin recantare (“to sing back, reecho, sing again, repeat in singing, recant, recall, revoke, charm back or away”), from re- (“back”) + canto (“to chant, to sing”), frequentative of cano.
Senses: examples: text: Convince me that I am wrong, and I will recant.
text: How soon […] ease would recant / Vows made in pain, as violent and void!
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
text: But as Mr. Trump denounces what he describes as failures by the Washington establishment on China, Mr. Biden, an avatar of that establishment, is not recanting his past enthusiasm for engagement.
ref: 2020 September 6, “Joe Biden’s China Journey”, in New York Times:
synonyms: abjure
disavow
disown
recall
retract
revoke
take back
unsay
withcall
glosses: To withdraw or repudiate a statement or opinion formerly expressed, especially formally and publicly.
Synonyms: word: abjure
word: backpedal
word: disavow
word: disown
word: eat one's words
word: recall
word: recant
word: retract
word: revoke
word: swallow
word: take back
word: unsay
word: unspeak
word: walk back
word: withcall
word: withdraw
Hypernyms: word: change one's mind
word: negate
word: repudiate
word: rescind
word: speak
word: think better of
Related terms: recantation
recanter
contradict
recall
revoke
recant
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹəˈkænt/
rhymes: -ænt
Forms: form: recants
form: recanting
form: recanted
form: recanted
Etymology: From re- + cant.
Senses: examples: text: Numerous curves, which previously had given no trouble at 75 and 80 m.p.h., were realigned and recanted to adapt them for 90 m.p.h. and more, [...].
ref: 1941 June, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 263:
glosses: To give a new cant (slant, angle) to something, in particular railway track on a curve.
Synonyms: word: abjure
word: backpedal
word: disavow
word: disown
word: eat one's words
word: recall
word: recant
word: retract
word: revoke
word: swallow
word: take back
word: unsay
word: unspeak
word: walk back
word: withcall
word: withdraw
Hypernyms: word: change one's mind
word: negate
word: repudiate
word: rescind
word: speak
word: think better of
recently
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹiːsəntli/
Forms: form: more recently
form: most recently
Etymology: From recent + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: My recently published book about the life stories of recently-arrived immigrants.
text: The half-dozen pieces […] were painted white and carved with festoons of flowers, birds and cupids. To display them the walls had been tinted a vivid blue which had now faded, but the carpet, which had evidently been stored and recently relaid, retained its original turquoise.
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
synonyms: newly
lately
freshly
antonyms: long ago
long since
glosses: In the recent past
a short while ago.
raw_tags: referring to a point of time in the recent past
examples: text: I haven't been sleeping well recently.
text: Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an "explosion."
ref: 2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “Japan pockets the subsidy …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:
synonyms: newly
lately
freshly
antonyms: long ago
long since
glosses: In the recent past
in recent times.
raw_tags: referring to a time period starting in the recent past and including the present
Synonyms: word: as of late
word: freshly
word: just now
word: just then
word: late
word: lately
word: latterly
word: newly
word: novelly
word: of late
word: recently
Hypernyms: word: formerly
recessive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈsɛsɪv/
rhymes: -ɛsɪv
Forms: form: more recessive
form: most recessive
Etymology: From Latin recēdō + -ive, or directly from New Latin recessīvus.
Senses: glosses: Going back; receding.
examples: text: 1944 June 21, James A. G. Rehn, South African Bird-Locust Records and Notes (Orthoptera; Acrididae; Cyrtacanthacridinae; Group Cyrtacanthacres), Notulae Naturae, Number 137, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, page 3,
The Lydenburg male and the other two females have the infuscate pattern definitely more recessive and less evident, although traceable.
text: This plan takes advantage of the fact that barless is the most recessive of a series of alleles.
ref: 1988, American Pigeon Journal, volume 76, page 36:
text: The series of murine Agouti alleles is a consistent array as it progresses from the most recessive to the most dominant allele (Jackson, 1994).
ref: 2001, D. P. Sponenberg, M. F. Rothschild, 6: Genetics of Coat Colour and Hair Texture, page 65:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Able to be masked by a dominant allele or trait.
examples: text: The worker–client relationship is more recessive and has a more catalytic and enabling quality.
ref: 1979, Ken Heap, Process and Action in Work with Groups: The Preconditions for Treatment and Growth, page ix:
text: The law-making or legislative component was the most recessive component of the legal system of hunter-gatherers, although decisions or advice given by mediators were remembered and used again to settle similar violations of rules or disputes among parties.
ref: 2004, Jonathan H. Turner, Human Institutions: A Theory of Societal Evolution, page 112:
glosses: Not dominant; whose effect is masked by stronger effects.
recessive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈsɛsɪv/
rhymes: -ɛsɪv
Forms: form: recessives
Etymology: From Latin recēdō + -ive, or directly from New Latin recessīvus.
Senses: examples: text: Suppose, for example, that we started with a population consisting of pure dominants, heterozygotes, and recessives in the ratio 1 : 4 : 4.
ref: 1915, Reginald Crundall Punnett, Mimicty in Butterflies, page 95:
text: Finally, if we suppose provisionally that the mutant genes are dominant just as often as they are recessive, selection will be far more severe in eliminating the disadvantageous dominants than in eliminating the disadvantageous recessives.
ref: 1930, R. A. Fisher, J. H. Bennett, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, page 50:
text: Selection favoring recessives is common in maize breeding for several traits, such as sweetness, opacity, brachysm, lack of ligules.
ref: 1988, Arnel R. Hallauer, Marcelo J. Carena, J.B. Miranda Filho, 6: Selection: Theory, 2nd edition, page 234:
text: 2008, Ascertainment Test, entry in George P. Rédei, Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics, and Informatics, page 147,
In three-child families 27/64 will have no affected offspring, 9/37 will have 2, and 1/37 are expected to have 3 recessives.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A gene that is recessive.
recital
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈsaɪtl̩/
rhymes: -aɪtəl
Forms: form: recitals
Etymology: From recite + -al.
Senses: glosses: The act of reciting (the repetition of something that has been memorized); rehearsal
glosses: The act of telling the order of events of something in detail the order of events; narration.
glosses: That which is recited; a story, narration, account.
examples: text: perform a piano recital
glosses: A vocal, instrumental or visual performance by a soloist.
topics: law
glosses: A formal, preliminary statement in a deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded, prior to a positive allegation.
Related terms: whereas
recommend
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɹɛkəˈmɛnd/
rhymes: -ɛnd
Forms: form: recommends
form: recommending
form: recommended
form: recommended
Etymology: From Middle English recommenden, from Old French recommender (compare French recommander), from Latin re- + commendāre (“to commend, commit; to recommend”), from con- + mandāre (“commit, intrust, enjoin”), from manus (“hand, handwriting, power”) + dare (“to give; to offer or render”).
Compare typologically Bulgarian препоръчам (preporǎčam), Serbo-Croatian препоручити, Slovene priporočiti, Czech doporučit, Slovak odporučiť (the same meaning); Russian поручи́ться (poručítʹsja), пору́ка (porúka), поручи́тельство (poručítelʹstvo) (close meaning), all related to Proto-Slavic *rǫka (Bulgarian ръка (rǎka), Russian рука́ (ruká)).
Senses: examples: text: The board recommends Philips, given his ample experience in similar positions.
glosses: To bestow commendation on; to represent favourably; to suggest, endorse or encourage as an appropriate choice.
examples: text: A city that has much to recommend it.
glosses: To make acceptable; to attract favor to.
examples: text: The therapist recommends resting the mind and exercising the body.
text: My therapist recommended that I rest the mind and exercise the body.
text: An influential group of medical experts, the US Preventive Services Task Force, recommended last week that most women receive a mammogram starting at age 40.
ref: 2024 May 8, Katia Hetter, “Mammograms are now recommended starting at age 40. Should you get one?”, in CNN:
text: The US Centers and Disease Control and Prevention is considering recommending annual Covid-19 shots to those who are older or who have compromised immune function, rather than the current blanket recommendation for everyone 6 months of age and older.
The change would more closely align the US with guidance given in other countries. Unlike countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, the US alone recommends an annual Covid-19 vaccine for healthy younger adults and children. The World Health Organization also doesn’t routinely recommend annual Covid-19 vaccines for healthy adults under 65 or healthy children.
ref: 2025 April 16, Brenda Goodman, “CDC considers narrowing its Covid-19 vaccine recommendations”, in CNN:
glosses: To advise, propose, counsel favorably
examples: text: A medieval oblate's parents recommended the boy for life to God and the monastery.
glosses: To commit, confide to another's care, confidence or acceptance, with favoring representations
Derived terms: recommendable
recommendatory
recommended
recommender
Related terms: recommendation
recommend
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɹɛkəˈmɛnd/
rhymes: -ɛnd
Forms: form: recommends
Etymology: From Middle English recommenden, from Old French recommender (compare French recommander), from Latin re- + commendāre (“to commend, commit; to recommend”), from con- + mandāre (“commit, intrust, enjoin”), from manus (“hand, handwriting, power”) + dare (“to give; to offer or render”).
Compare typologically Bulgarian препоръчам (preporǎčam), Serbo-Croatian препоручити, Slovene priporočiti, Czech doporučit, Slovak odporučiť (the same meaning); Russian поручи́ться (poručítʹsja), пору́ка (porúka), поручи́тельство (poručítelʹstvo) (close meaning), all related to Proto-Slavic *rǫka (Bulgarian ръка (rǎka), Russian рука́ (ruká)).
Senses: examples: text: "I'm glad to have a recommend from that quarter. Airheart's skipper of the San Jose now. […]"
ref: 1896 November – 1897 May, Rudyard Kipling, “Captains Courageous”, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, published 1897, →OCLC:
glosses: A recommendation.
recount
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/
rhymes: -aʊnt
Forms: form: recounts
Etymology: From Old Northern French and Anglo-Norman recunter, variant of Old French reconter.
Senses: glosses: Narration, account, description, rendering
recount
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/
rhymes: -aʊnt
Forms: form: recounts
form: recounting
form: recounted
form: recounted
Etymology: From Old Northern French and Anglo-Norman recunter, variant of Old French reconter.
Senses: examples: text: The old man recounted the tale of how he caught the big fish.
glosses: To tell; narrate; to relate in detail.
examples: text: to recount one's blessings
glosses: To rehearse; to enumerate.
recount
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/
rhymes: -aʊnt
ipa: /ˈɹiːkaʊnt/
ipa: /ɹiːˈkaʊnt/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/
rhymes: -aʊnt
Forms: form: recounts
Etymology: From re- + count.
Senses: examples: text: The Georgia Republican Party and US Rep. Doug Collins, a Georgia Republican who’s leading the Trump campaign’s recount efforts in the state, on Tuesday requested a pre-certification “manual hand recount of every ballot cast within the State of Georgia” for president.
ref: 2020 November 11, Veronica Stracqualursi, “Georgia to conduct full by-hand count of presidential race ballots, secretary of state says”, in CNN:
glosses: A counting again, as of votes.
recount
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/
rhymes: -aʊnt
ipa: /ˈɹiːkaʊnt/
ipa: /ɹiːˈkaʊnt/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/
rhymes: -aʊnt
Forms: form: recounts
form: recounting
form: recounted
form: recounted
Etymology: From re- + count.
Senses: examples: text: Georgia’s secretary of state announced Wednesday that the state will conduct an audit of the 2020 presidential race, recounting by hand the millions of ballots cast in the state, where President-elect Joe Biden is leading.
ref: 2020 November 11, Veronica Stracqualursi, “Georgia to conduct full by-hand count of presidential race ballots, secretary of state says”, in CNN:
glosses: To count again.
recover
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈkʌvə/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/
ipa: /ɹəˈkʌvɚ/
rhymes: -ʌvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: recovers
form: recovre
Etymology: From Middle English recoveren, rekeveren, from Anglo-Norman recoverer and Old French recovrer, from Latin recuperāre, alternative form of reciperāre. Doublet of recuperate.
The noun is from Middle English recover, from the verb.
Senses: examples: text: It was neuer in my thoughte saide laūcelot to withholde the quene from my lord Arthur / but in soo moche she shold haue ben dede for my sake / me semeth it was my parte to saue her lyf and putte her from that daunger tyl better recouer myghte come / & now I thanke god sayd sir Launcelot that the pope hath made her pees
ref: 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xiiij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XX:
glosses: Recovery.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A position of holding a firearm during exercises, whereby the lock is at shoulder height and the sling facing out.
glosses: The forward movement in rowing, after one stroke to take another (recovery).
Derived terms: recoverless
recover
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈkʌvə/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/
ipa: /ɹəˈkʌvɚ/
rhymes: -ʌvə(ɹ)
ipa: /ɹiːˈkʌvə/
ipa: /ɹiˈkʌvɚ/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkʌvə/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/
ipa: /ɹəˈkʌvɚ/
rhymes: -ʌvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: recovers
form: recovering
form: recovered
form: recovered
form: re-cover
form: recovre
Etymology: From re- + cover.
Senses: glosses: To cover again.
topics: business
construction
manufacturing
roofing
glosses: To add a new roof membrane or steep-slope covering over an existing one.
recruit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rĭʹkro͞ot
ipa: /ɹɪˈkɹut/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: recruits
Etymology: From French recruter (as a verb).
Senses: glosses: A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a reinforcement.
glosses: A person enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.
examples: text: These new recruits were hired after passing the interviews
glosses: A hired worker
topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: A new adult or breeding-age member of a certain population.
Derived terms: seaman recruit
recruit
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rĭʹkro͞ot
ipa: /ɹɪˈkɹut/
ipa: /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: recruits
form: recruiting
form: recruited
form: recruited
Etymology: From French recruter (as a verb).
Senses: examples: text: We need to recruit more admin staff to deal with the massive surge in popularity of our products
glosses: To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.
examples: text: the army was recruited for a campaign
text: they were looking to recruit two thousand troops for battle
glosses: To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by enlistment; also, to muster
examples: text: Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their colour.
ref: 1726, George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne, Phyllis Drinking:
text: “You have surprized my poor niece so, that she can hardly, I see, support herself.——Go, my dear, retire, and endeavour to recruit your spirits; for I see you have occasion.” At which words Sophia, who never received a more welcome command, hastily withdrew.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:
text: […] I, abstemious naturally, and rendered so by the fever that preyed on me, was forced to recruit myself with food.
ref: 1826, [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in The Last Man. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 148:
text: My husband stayed for some days with the magistrate at Cardwell, recruiting his health and recovering from his fatigues, for the passage between Cape York and Cardwell had proved the most tedious and anxious part of the voyage.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 181:
glosses: To replenish, renew, or reinvigorate by fresh supplies; to remedy a lack or deficiency in.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: To become an adult or breeding-age member of a population.
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To prompt a protein, leucocyte. etc. to intervene in a given region of the body.
examples: text: Lean cattle recruit in fresh pastures.
text: Go to the country to recruit.
text: Here it was certain she rapidly recovered her lost strength, and recruited her wasted form; and here she received the letters of her beloved family, relating many circumstances well known to our readers, but new to the travellers, the tidings having far to go.
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXVII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 44:
glosses: To recuperate; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or the like.
Derived terms: over-recruit
rerecruit
underrecruit