cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
shack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃæk/
rhymes: -æk
Forms: form: shacks
Etymology: Unknown. Some authorities derive this word from Mexican Spanish jacal, from Nahuatl xacalli (“adobe hut”).
Alternatively, the word may instead come from ramshackle/ramshackly (e.g., old ramshackly house) or perhaps it may be a back-formation from shackly.
Senses: examples: text: The men resided in a huge bunk house, which consisted of one room only, with a shack outside where the cooking was done. In the large room were a dozen bunks ; half of them in a very dishevelled state, […]
ref: 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 6, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:
synonyms: hovel
shanty
glosses: A crude, roughly built hut or cabin.
examples: text: The stations are generally very poor, even for a branch line; some are mere wooden shacks, and Moniaive itself is one of the least prepossessing terminal stations I have ever seen.
ref: 1944 January and February, E. R. McCarter, “The Cairn Valley Light Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 48:
glosses: Any poorly constructed or poorly furnished building.
glosses: The room from which a ham radio operator transmits.
Derived terms: clam shack
love shack
radio shack
shack rat
shack-shack
shotgun shack
sugar shack
whack shack
shack
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃæk/
rhymes: -æk
Forms: form: shacks
form: shacking
form: shacked
form: shacked
Etymology: Unknown. Some authorities derive this word from Mexican Spanish jacal, from Nahuatl xacalli (“adobe hut”).
Alternatively, the word may instead come from ramshackle/ramshackly (e.g., old ramshackly house) or perhaps it may be a back-formation from shackly.
Senses: glosses: To live (in or with); to shack up.
shack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃæk/
rhymes: -æk
Forms: form: shacks
Etymology: Obsolete variant of shake. Compare Scots shag (“refuse of barley or oats”).
Senses: glosses: Grain fallen to the ground and left after harvest.
glosses: Nuts which have fallen to the ground.
examples: text: […] first comes the case of tenants with a customary right to shack their sheep and cattle who have overburdened the fields with a larger number of beasts than their tenement entitles them to, or who have allowed their beasts to feed in the field out of shack time.
ref: 1918, Christobel Mary Hoare Hood, The History of an East Anglian Soke http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=OCLC11859773&id=rI0iE-yqyAMC&q=%22right+to+shack%22&prev=http://books.google.com/books%3Flr%3D%26q%3D%2522right%2Bto%2Bshack%2522&pgis=1
text: 1996, J M Neeson, Commoners http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN0521567742&id=2CqhjjiwLtEC&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&sig=3geUREguU3vTYj_05PtAfzFODDA
The fields were enclosed by Act in 1791, and Tharp gave the cottagers about thirteen acres for their right of shack.
glosses: Freedom to pasturage in order to feed upon shack.
examples: text: Some peple hev a fakilty two get along into the world, whilst others air poor shacks & good for nothing.
ref: 1866, Betsey Jane Ward, Book of Goaks:
text: All the poor old shacks about the town found a friend in Deacon Marble.
ref: 1868, Henry Ward Beecher, Norwood, or Village Life in New England:
glosses: A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a vagabond; a tramp.
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: Bait that can be picked up at sea.
glosses: A drink, especially an alcoholic one.
Derived terms: common of shack
shack
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃæk/
rhymes: -æk
Forms: form: shacks
form: shacking
form: shacked
form: shacked
Etymology: Obsolete variant of shake. Compare Scots shag (“refuse of barley or oats”).
Senses: glosses: To shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest.
examples: text: They [turkeys] are then sold‥to the larger farmers to ‘shack’ upon the barley or oat stubbles.
ref: 1867, “Journal of the Royal Agriculatural Socirty”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
text: […] first comes the case of tenants with a customary right to shack their sheep and cattle who have overburdened the fields with a larger number of beasts than their tenement entitles them to, or who have allowed their beasts to feed in the field out of shack time.
ref: 1918, Christobel Mary Hoare Hood, The History of an East Anglian Soke http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=OCLC11859773&id=rI0iE-yqyAMC&q=%22right+to+shack%22&prev=http://books.google.com/books%3Flr%3D%26q%3D%2522right%2Bto%2Bshack%2522&pgis=1
glosses: To feed in stubble, or upon waste.
glosses: To wander as a vagabond or tramp.
glosses: To hibernate; to go into winter quarters.
glosses: To drink, especially alcohol.
shack
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃæk/
rhymes: -æk
Forms: form: more shack
form: most shack
Etymology: From shagged or shagged out.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of shag (“exhausted; tiring”).
shaker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃeɪkɚ/
rhymes: -eɪkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: shakers
Etymology: From shake + -er.
Senses: glosses: A person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is shaken.
glosses: A variety of pigeon.
glosses: One who holds railroad spikes while they are hammered.
glosses: A musical percussion instrument filled with granular solids which produce a rhythmic sound when shaken.
glosses: A kind of straight-sided, stackable glass for beer, soda, etc.
Derived terms: bone-shaker
cocktail shaker
dice shaker
hand-shaker
hand shaker
mover and shaker
paint shaker
peanut shaker
pepper shaker
salad shaker
salt shaker
Shaker
shaker-upper
shale shaker
soap shaker
stick shaker
white dog shaker syndrome
shaky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃeɪki/
rhymes: -eɪki
Forms: form: shakier
form: shakiest
Etymology: From shake + -y.
Senses: examples: a shaky spot in a marsh
a shaky hand
glosses: Shaking or trembling.
examples: text: He’s a nice guy but when he talks to me, he acts shaky.
text: For the college clinician, restless nights after letting a shaky student walk out of the office are an occupational hazard. Are the student's safety assurances credible? Will he or she make it safely through the weekend?
ref: 2006, Paul A. Grayson, Philip W. Meilman, College Mental Health Practice, page 11:
text: Villa had plenty of opportunities to make the game safe after a shaky start and despite not reaching any great heights, they were resolute enough to take control of the game in the second half.
ref: 2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: Nervous, anxious.
examples: shaky timber
For quotations using this term, see Citations:shaky.
glosses: Full of shakes or cracks; cracked.
raw_tags: of wood
examples: a shaky constitution
shaky business credit
glosses: Easily shaken; tottering; unsound.
glosses: Wavering; undecided.
Synonyms: sense: not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over
word: precarious
sense: not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over
word: rickety
sense: not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over
word: unsteady
sense: not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over
word: tottering
sense: not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over
word: unsafe
sense: not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over
word: unstable
sense: not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over
word: wobbly
Derived terms: on shaky ground
shakiness
shakycam
shaver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: shāʹvər
ipa: /ˈʃeɪvə/
ipa: /ˈʃeɪvɚ/
rhymes: -eɪvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: shavers
Etymology: From Middle English schaver; equivalent to shave + -er.
In its meaning of a boy, lad, recorded since 1592, the word shaver has also been postulated to derive from Romani chavo (“young man”), which also gives us the modern slang chav, ultimately derived from Sanskrit छा (chā, “young animal”).
Senses: glosses: One who shaves.
glosses: A barber, one whose occupation is to shave.
glosses: A tool or machine for shaving; an electric razor.
examples: text: The shaver is an honest friendly man as before: he has a good deal to do to smother his Welsh fire, which, you know, he has in a greater degree than some would imagine. He posts himself a good part of the year in some warm house, wins the ladies money at ombre, and convinces them, that they are highly obliged to him.
ref: 1723, John Arbuthnot, letter to Jonathan Swift:
glosses: An extortionate bargainer; a sharper.
examples: text: By these shavers the Turks were stripped.
ref: 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:
glosses: One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.
examples: text: "Excuse me, ladies and gentlemen," said the sergeant, "but as I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver" (which he hadn't), "I am on a chase in the name of the King, and I want the blacksmith."
ref: 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter V, in Great Expectations […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC, page 62:
glosses: A boy; a lad; a little fellow.
Derived terms: dry shaver
electric shaver
note shaver
pod shaver
sheen
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃiːn/
enpr: shēn
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: sheener
form: sheenest
Etymology: From Middle English shene, schene, from Old English sċīene (“beautiful, fair, bright, brilliant, light”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz (“beautiful”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-.
Cognate with Scots schene, scheine (“beautiful, fair, attractive”), Saterland Frisian skeen (“clean, pure”), West Frisian skjin (“nice, clean”), Dutch schoon (“clean, beautiful, fair”), German schön (“beautiful”), Danish skøn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Bokmål skjønn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Nynorsk skjønn (“beautiful”), Swedish skön (“beautiful, fine”). Compare also the loanword Finnish kaunis (“beautiful”). See also English show.
Senses: examples: text: Up rose each warrier bold and brave, / Glistening in filed steel and armor sheen.
ref: 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC:
text: Where the fountains glisten sheenest […] (ch. 12).
ref: 1814, Walter Scott, Waverley:
glosses: Beautiful, good-looking, attractive; radiant; shiny.
Derived terms: sheenly
sheen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃiːn/
enpr: shēn
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: sheens
Etymology: From Middle English shene, schene, from Old English sċīene (“beautiful, fair, bright, brilliant, light”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz (“beautiful”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-.
Cognate with Scots schene, scheine (“beautiful, fair, attractive”), Saterland Frisian skeen (“clean, pure”), West Frisian skjin (“nice, clean”), Dutch schoon (“clean, beautiful, fair”), German schön (“beautiful”), Danish skøn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Bokmål skjønn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Nynorsk skjønn (“beautiful”), Swedish skön (“beautiful, fine”). Compare also the loanword Finnish kaunis (“beautiful”). See also English show.
Senses: examples: text: There is a greenish sheen across the shoulders of his greasy black suit, for the morning light has of a sudden begun to dance through the bay window.
ref: 1946, Mervyn Peake, Titus Groan:
text: Mr. Leerhsen said in an interview that he wanted to write a book without the dutiful sheen of what he called “an official Bourdain product.”
ref: 2022 September 27, Kim Severson, “The Last, Painful Days of Anthony Bourdain”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Splendor; radiance; shininess.
examples: text: oil sheen
text: Perhaps the simplest of sauces is the pat of butter dropped on a heap of hot vegetables, or stirred into rice or noodles, or drawn across the surface of an omelet or steak to give a sheen.
ref: 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 1, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, →ISBN:
text: Take the floating scum or oil sheen prohibitions. A discharger or an inspector simply can look to see if scum, or an oil sheen, is coming from a particular discharge. Assume an oil sheen begins at a discharge—is the sheen caused by that […]
ref: 2017, Jeffrey Miller, Ann Powers, Introduction to Environmental Law: Cases and Materials on Water Pollution Control, West Academic, →ISBN:
glosses: A thin layer of a substance (such as oil) spread on a solid or liquid surface.
Derived terms: sheen obsidian
sheenful
sheenless
sheeny
sheen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃiːn/
enpr: shēn
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: sheens
form: sheening
form: sheened
form: sheened
Etymology: From Middle English shene, schene, from Old English sċīene (“beautiful, fair, bright, brilliant, light”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz (“beautiful”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-.
Cognate with Scots schene, scheine (“beautiful, fair, attractive”), Saterland Frisian skeen (“clean, pure”), West Frisian skjin (“nice, clean”), Dutch schoon (“clean, beautiful, fair”), German schön (“beautiful”), Danish skøn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Bokmål skjønn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Nynorsk skjønn (“beautiful”), Swedish skön (“beautiful, fine”). Compare also the loanword Finnish kaunis (“beautiful”). See also English show.
Senses: examples: text: This town, / That, sheening far, celestial seems to be.
ref: 1812, Lord Byron, “Canto I”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: […] [F]or John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza XVII:
glosses: To shine; to glisten.
sheen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃiːn/
enpr: shēn
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: sheens
Senses: glosses: The letter ش in the Arabic script.
sheer
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪə/
ipa: /ʃɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: Scheer
homophone: shear
Forms: form: more sheer
form: most sheer
Etymology: From Middle English shere, scheere, schere, skere, from Old English sċǣre (“pure, sheer; shining, clear”), from Proto-Germanic *skairiz; supplanted the semantically close shire (dialectal), from Middle English schyre, schire, shire, shir, from Old English sċīr (“clear, bright; brilliant, gleaming, shining, splendid, resplendent; pure”), beside which existed Middle English skyr, from Old Norse skírr (“pure, bright, clear”), both from Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“pure, sheer”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“luster, gloss, shadow”).
Cognate with Danish skær, German schier (“sheer”), German Low German schier (“sheer, pure, unadulterated”; “completely, almost”), Dutch schier (“almost”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍂𐍃 (skeirs, “clear, lucid”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian hir (“grace, beauty; goodwill”).
Senses: examples: text: Hector the ashen lance of Ajax smote / With his broad faulchion, at the nether end, / And lopp’d it sheer.
ref: 1791, William Cowper, The Iliad of Homer, translation of original by Homer, Book XVI:
text: Swift into the dark stream at once he fell, / As the red star at once falls swift and sheer / From sky to sea
ref: 1888, Francis Hastings Doyle, “Hylas”, in The Return of the Guards: And Other Poems, translation of original by Theocritus:
text: Descending , and in half cut sheer
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: Clean; completely; at once.
sheer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪə/
ipa: /ʃɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: Scheer
homophone: shear
Forms: form: sheers
Etymology: From Middle English shere, scheere, schere, skere, from Old English sċǣre (“pure, sheer; shining, clear”), from Proto-Germanic *skairiz; supplanted the semantically close shire (dialectal), from Middle English schyre, schire, shire, shir, from Old English sċīr (“clear, bright; brilliant, gleaming, shining, splendid, resplendent; pure”), beside which existed Middle English skyr, from Old Norse skírr (“pure, bright, clear”), both from Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“pure, sheer”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“luster, gloss, shadow”).
Cognate with Danish skær, German schier (“sheer”), German Low German schier (“sheer, pure, unadulterated”; “completely, almost”), Dutch schier (“almost”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍂𐍃 (skeirs, “clear, lucid”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian hir (“grace, beauty; goodwill”).
Senses: examples: text: Use sheers to maximize natural light.
text: Lightweight, tightly woven silkies, sheers, lingerie
ref: 1992, Tammy Young, Naomi Baker, Serged Garments in Minutes, page 22:
glosses: A sheer curtain or fabric.
sheer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪə/
ipa: /ʃɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: Scheer
homophone: shear
Forms: form: sheers
Etymology: Perhaps from Dutch scheren (“to move aside, skim”); see also shear.
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: The curve of the main deck or gunwale from bow to stern.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: An abrupt swerve from the course of a ship.
Derived terms: break sheer
plank-sheer
sheer hulk
sheer
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪə/
ipa: /ʃɪɚ/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: Scheer
homophone: shear
Forms: form: sheers
form: sheering
form: sheered
form: sheered
Etymology: Perhaps from Dutch scheren (“to move aside, skim”); see also shear.
Senses: examples: text: I sheered her well inshore—the water being deepest near the bank, as the sounding–pole informed me.
ref: 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II:
text: Seydlitz correctly identifies the larger shell splashes as coming from the two "large light cruisers" at the rear, and takes aim. Moments later, Courageous sheers out of line, smoke and steam venting through a massive hole in her side, the shells having blasted right through whatever excuse for armor was present and detonated amidst the boiler rooms. She is doomed.
ref: 2018 October 17, Drachinifel, 15:10 from the start, in Last Ride of the High Seas Fleet - Battle of Texel 1918, archived from the original on 04 Aug 2022:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To swerve from a course.
examples: text: So thick, our navy scarce could sheer their way
ref: 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):
glosses: Obsolete spelling of shear.
Related terms: sheer khurma
shell
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: shĕl
ipa: /ʃɛl/
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: shells
form: shelling
form: shelled
form: shelled
Etymology: From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.
Senses: glosses: To remove the outer covering or shell of something.
examples: text: The guns shelled the enemy trenches.
text: There wasn’t even a shed there, and she was shelling the bush.
ref: 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 203:
glosses: To bombard, to fire projectiles at, especially with artillery.
glosses: To disburse or give up money, to pay. (Often used with out).
glosses: To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.
examples: text: Nuts shell in falling.
text: Wheat or rye shells in reaping.
glosses: To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk.
examples: text: Automenu is a good program to try, and offers a fair amount of protection - but, unfortunately, it's one of those systems that allow users to shell to DOS.
ref: 1993, Robin Nixon, The PC Companion, page 115:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To switch to a shell or command line.
glosses: To form shallow, irregular cracks (in a coating).
topics: mathematics
sciences
topology
glosses: To form a shelling.
examples: text: He shelled it, and dislocated his finger in the process.
ref: 2022, Nicholas Brookes, An Island's Eleven: The Story of Sri Lankan Cricket:
topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To drop (the ball).
Derived terms: like shelling peas
shellable
sheller
shell out
shibboleth
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪbəlɛθ/
ipa: /ˈʃɪbələθ/
rhymes: -ɪbəlɛθ
rhymes: -ɪbələθ
Forms: form: shibboleths
form: schiboleth
form: schibboleth
form: shiboleth
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Biblical Hebrew שִׁבֹּלֶת /שיבולת (šibbṓleṯ, “ear [of wheat] or stream, torrent”). Doublet of sebboleth and Middle English sebolech, both from Late Latin sebboleth in the Vulgate.
Senses: examples: text: In recent times, the correct treatment of initial h in speech has come to be regarded as a kind of shibboleth of social position.
ref: 1933, “H”, in Oxford English Dictionary:
text: He also declares that "th" is the veritable English shibboleth. He advises those Germans who cannot pronounce the sound correctly to pronounce it like "d," the symbol which he regularly uses for "th" in his lessons.
ref: 1922, Pennsylvania-German Society, The Pennsylvania-German Society, page 110:
glosses: A particular pronunciation or custom that is regarded as distinguishing members of a group from non-members, especially when used as a test.
examples: text: It's about time we abandoned the bourgeois shibboleth that earning money makes you a better person.
text: The teacher says he must stick largely to the old methods and cling to the old shibboleths or he will naturally get bad results in the examination. Only much practice along the lines the examination is going to follow will insure a [success].
ref: 1924, Modern Languages, page 112:
text: I pose the iconoclastic suggestion that even at this late stage in B.R. dieselisation, rigid standardisation might be a shibboleth.
ref: 1964 May, R. & M., “What chance for an outstanding prototype?”, in Modern Railways, page 319:
text: The truth is that I found success by stumbling off alone in a direction most people thought was a dead end, breaking all the 1990s shibboleths about children’s books in the process.
ref: 2019 January 11, Tina Jordan, quoting J. K. Rowling, “Some Dos and Don’ts From Famous Writers”, in New York Times:
text: Yet LBJ was very much a product of the Cold War, believing its shibboleths about communist conquest being irreversible and requiring worldwide containment even when a country, such as Vietnam, that might be falling to the communists did not threaten US national interests.
ref: 2022, Gary Gerstle, chapter 2, in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order […] , New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, Part I. The New Deal Order, 1930–1980:
text: He’d begun the day’s broadcast by rattling off a standard opening monologue: “Folks, we’re live and alive, and I hope all the boys, girls, and enbies”—nonbinary people—“are having a fantastic one.” To anyone listening for shibboleths, this would have pigeonholed him as a progressive.
ref: 2025 March 17, Andrew Marantz, quoting Hasan Piker, “The Battle for the Bros”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:
coordinate_terms: platitude
slogan
truism
catchword
catchphrase
glosses: A common or longstanding belief, custom, or catchphrase associated with a particular group, especially one with little current meaning or truth.
Derived terms: shibbolethic
Related terms: dog whistle
shopkeeper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɒpkiːpɚ/
Forms: form: shopkeepers
form: shop keeper
form: shop-keeper
Etymology: From shop + keeper.
Senses: glosses: A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail, in distinction from one who sells by wholesale, or sells door to door.
Synonyms: storekeeper
Derived terms: shopkeeperess
shopkeeperish
shopkeeperism
shopkeeperly
shopkeeper's privilege
Related terms: bookshopkeeper
dramshopkeeper
shout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃaʊt/
ipa: /ʃʌʊt/
ipa: /ʃuːt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: shouts
Etymology: From Middle English shout(e), from Middle Dutch schûte (“boat or light ship”). Doublet of schuit, see there for more.
Senses: examples: text: Although the density of the flour in particular would be less than that of the wheat, an equivalent 200 quarters of wheat per shout would not seem out of the question here. Again using Table 4, this suggests quite large boats carrying nearly 35 tons. If the 'Blackfriars 3' shout did indeed carry only 7.5 tons, then the shouts coming from Henley in 1345 were considerably bigger vessels, […]
ref: 2007 October 25, John Blair, Waterways and Canal-Building in Medieval England, OUP Oxford, →ISBN, page 124:
glosses: A flat-bottomed boat, a barge (for carrying cargo, etc), now especially a light boat used in duck-shooting.
shortly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɔɹtli/
Etymology: From Middle English schortly, schortliche, from Old English sċortlīċe (“shortly; before long; soon”), equivalent to short + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a short or brief time or manner; quickly.
examples: text: The past perfect progressive is used for actions and situations which had continued up to a past moment or shortly before it.
text: No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or otherwise his man would be there with a message to say that his master would shortly join me if I would kindly wait.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:
text: Kaplan-Miller said she first joined the Sisterhood of Salaam Shalom, an interfaith organization that was founded by a Muslim and a Jewish woman in suburban New Jersey, shortly after the 2016 election.
ref: 2023 November 22, Brammhi Balarajan, “US interfaith communities draw on decades-long bonds to navigate Israel-Hamas War”, in CNN:
glosses: In or after a short time; soon.
examples: text: Ideas are generally expressed more shortly in verse than in prose
text: We shall not describe this tragical scene too fully; but we thought ourselves obliged, by that historic integrity which we profess, shortly to hint a matter which we would otherwise have been glad to have spared.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
synonyms: briefly
concisely
glosses: In few words.
examples: text: "Stop interrupting me, will ya?" she said shortly.
text: 'Well, I still think it was a rather off-hand way for you—for anyone—to behave,' he said shortly.
Suddenly Melody felt trapped—and annoyed. And she didn't like being spoken to like a child, either.
ref: 2009, Susanne James, The Millionaire's Chosen Bride, page 147:
synonyms: abruptly
curtly
glosses: In an irritable ("short") manner.
shred
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɹɛd/
rhymes: -ɛd
Forms: form: more shred
form: most shred
Etymology: The verb is derived from Middle English shreden, shred (“to chop, cut up; to cut, hack; to wound with a knife; to cut off a part of (something); to prune, trim”) [and other forms], from Old English sċrēadian (“to cut up, shred; to cut off; to prune, trim”), from Proto-West Germanic *skraudōn, related to Proto-West Germanic *skraudan (“to cut up; to shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudaną (“to cut up; to shred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).
The adjective is derived from the past participle form of the verb.
Senses: examples: text: The ſtinging alſo of ſhred Horſ-hair, which in meriment is often ſtrew'd between the ſheets of a Bed, ſeems to proceed from the ſame cauſe.
ref: 1665, R[obert] Hooke, “Observ[ation] XXV. Of the Stinging Points and Juice of Nettles, and Some Other Venemous Plants.”, in Micrographia: Or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 147:
glosses: Synonym of shredded (“cut or torn into narrow strips or small pieces”).
synonyms: word: shredded
extra: cut or torn into narrow strips or small pieces
shrive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: shrīv
ipa: /ˈʃɹaɪv/
rhymes: -aɪv
Forms: form: shrives
form: shriving
form: shrove
form: shrived
form: shriven
form: shrived
form: shrieve
Etymology: From Middle English shryven, shriven, schrifen, from Old English sċrīfan (“1. to decree, pass judgement, prescribe, 3. (of a priest) to prescribe penance or absolution”), from Proto-West Germanic *skrīban, from late Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, a borrowing from Latin scrībō (“write”).
Compare West Frisian skriuwe (“to write”), Low German schrieven (“to write”), Dutch schrijven (“to write”), German schreiben (“to write”), Danish skrive (“to write”), Swedish skriva (“to write”), Icelandic skrifa (“to write”). More at scribe and scribble.
Senses: examples: text: If he have the condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should shrive me than wive me.
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
text: Doubtless he shrives this woman, […] / Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech.
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: To hear or receive a confession (of sins etc.).
examples: text: I will not madly deem that power
Of Earth may shrive me of the sin
Unearthly pride hath revell’d in— […]
ref: 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:
text: My sins as scarlet are; let me go hence, / And in some cloister's school of penitence, / Across those stones, that pave the way to heaven, / Walk barefoot, till my guilty soul is shriven!
ref: 1863 November 23, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Sicilian’s Tale. King Robert of Sicily.”, in Tales of a Wayside Inn, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 67:
glosses: To free from guilt, to absolve.
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: To prescribe penance or absolution.
examples: c. 1798-1845, unknown author, The Croppy Boy
'Twas a good thought, boy, to come here and shrive.
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: To confess, and receive absolution.
Derived terms: shriving-time
shrove
Shrove Monday
Shrove Sunday
Shrovetide
Shrove Tuesday
Related terms: scribe
shrift
Shrove Tuesday
shroud
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃraʊd/
ipa: /ʃɹaʊd/
rhymes: -aʊd
Forms: form: shrouds
form: shrouding
form: shrouded
form: shrouded
Etymology: From Middle English schrouden (> Anglo-Latin scrudāre), from Middle English schroud (“shroud”) (see above).
Senses: examples: text: The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in a number of folds of linen besmeared with gums.
ref: 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
text: The sliding door, which is fitted with a drop light, is shrouded with bristle-type draught excluders.
ref: 1954 February, “Third Class Corridor Brake Coaches for British Railways”, in Railway Magazine, pages 132-133:
glosses: To cover with a shroud.
examples: text: The details of the plot were shrouded in mystery.
text: The truth behind their weekend retreat was shrouded in obscurity.
text: One of these trees, with all his young ones, may shroud four hundred horsemen.
ref: 1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e., Walter Raleigh], The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby for Walter Burre, […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=1 to 5):
text: Moon ſlip behind ſome Cloud, ſome Tempeſt riſe / And blovv out all the Stars that light the Skies, / To ſhrovvd my ſhame.
ref: 1665 (first performance), John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, or, The Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for H[enry] Herringman […], published 1667, →OCLC, Act III, scene ii, page 30:
text: As we breasted the first summit, the precipitous mass of the Raven's Rock, towering some 250 ft. above the railway, looked grim and forbidding in the failing light, and distant Ben Wyves was shrouded in mist.
ref: 1951 January, H. A. Vallance, “Kyle of Lochalsh Revisited”, in Railway Magazine, page 14:
text: There's a shadow just behind me
Shrouding every step I take
Making every promise empty
Pointing every finger at me
Waiting like a stalking butler
Who upon the finger rests
Murder now the path of must we
Just because the son has come
ref: 1993, “Sober”, performed by Tool:
glosses: To conceal or hide from view, as if by a shroud.
examples: text: If your stray attendance be yet lodged, / Or shroud within these limits.
ref: 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:
english: Comus
translation: Comus
glosses: To take shelter or harbour.
Synonyms: cloak
cover
mantle
veil
Derived terms: enshroud
shroud
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃraʊd/
ipa: /ʃɹaʊd/
rhymes: -aʊd
Forms: form: shrouds
Etymology: Variant of shred.
Senses: examples: text: Behold, the Assyrian was a Cedar in Lebanon with faire branches, and with a shadowing shrowd, and of an hie stature, and his top was among the thicke boughes.
ref: 1611, King James Version, “xxxi.iii”, in Ezekiel, Barker edition:
glosses: The branching top of a tree; foliage.
shroud
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃraʊd/
ipa: /ʃɹaʊd/
rhymes: -aʊd
Forms: form: shrouds
form: shrouding
form: shrouded
form: shrouded
Etymology: Variant of shred.
Senses: glosses: To lop the branches from (a tree).
shy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: Chi (Chicago)
Forms: form: shies
form: shying
form: shied
form: shied
Etymology: From Middle English shy (“shy”), from Old English sċēoh (“shy”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeuh (“shy, fearful”), from Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”), Dutch schuw (“shy”), German scheu (“shy”), Danish sky (“shy”).
Etymology tree
Middle English shy
English shy
Senses: examples: text: Courts might tend to shy from limiting Congress under such a vague standard.
ref: (page 172)
synonyms: shy away
glosses: To avoid due to caution, embarrassment or timidness.
examples: text: The horse shied at the unexpected approach of a motor vehicle.
synonyms: start
startle
glosses: To jump back in fear.
examples: text: to shy a stone
text: shy a slipper
text: Then two or three boys laughed and sneered, and a big brutal fellow, who was standing in the middle of the room, picked up a slipper, and shied it at the kneeling boy, calling him a snivelling young shaver.
ref: 1857, [Thomas Hughes], “How the Tide Turned”, in Tom Brown’s School Days. […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, part II, page 248:
text: "I was thinking, sir," I answered, "that I should like to shy the Diamond into the quicksand, and settle the question in that way."
ref: 1868 January 4 – June 6, [William] Wilkie Collins, “First Period. The Loss of the Diamond (1848). […]”, in The Moonstone. A Romance. […], volume I, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1868, →OCLC, chapter VI, page 78:
synonyms: word: bowl
word: bung
word: cast
word: chuck
word: chunk
word: cook
word: dash
word: dump
word: feck
word: fling
word: jerk
word: heave
word: hield
word: hoy
word: huck
word: hurl
word: hurtle
word: launch
word: lob
word: peck
word: peg
word: pick
word: pitch
word: precipitate
word: project
word: quoit
word: shy
word: slight
word: skew
word: sling
word: thrill
word: throw
word: toss
word: traject
word: warp
word: whang
word: whip
word: whop
word: wing
glosses: To throw sideways with a jerk; to fling.
glosses: To throw a ball with two hands above the head, especially when it has crossed the side lines in a football (soccer) match.
glosses: To hit the ball back into play from the sidelines in a shinty match.
Derived terms: shy away from
shy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: Chi (Chicago)
Forms: form: shies
Etymology: From Middle English shy (“shy”), from Old English sċēoh (“shy”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeuh (“shy, fearful”), from Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”), Dutch schuw (“shy”), German scheu (“shy”), Danish sky (“shy”).
Etymology tree
Middle English shy
English shy
Senses: examples: text: Foker discharged a prodigious bouquet at her, and even Smirke made a feeble shy with a rose, and blushed dreadfully when it fell into the pit
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
text: If Lord Brougham gets a stone in his hand, he must, it seems, have a shy at somebody.
ref: 1846, Punch, volume 10:
text: The game had started. A man was chasing the ball, it went out for a shy.
ref: 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 55:
glosses: An act of throwing.
examples: text: coconut shy
glosses: A place for throwing.
glosses: A sudden start aside, as by a horse.
glosses: In the Eton College wall game, a point scored by lifting the ball against the wall in the calx.
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: A throw-in from the sidelines, using two hands above the head.
glosses: In shinty, the act of tossing the ball above the head and hitting it with the shaft of the caman to bring it back into play after it has been hit out of the field.
glosses: A gibe; a sneer.
Derived terms: coconut shy
have a shy
siesta
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /siˈɛstə/
rhymes: -ɛstə
Forms: form: siestas
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish siesta, from Latin sexta (“the sixth hour from dawn, noon, midday”). Doublet of sext.
Senses: examples: text: One humid afternoon a visitor did arrive to disturb Rottcodd as he lay deeply hammocked, for his siesta was broken sharply by a rattling of the door handle […]
ref: 1946, Mervyn Peake, Titus Groan, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC:
text: When it's time for siesta, you can watch them go by / Beautiful faces, no cares in this world
ref: 1986, “La Isla Bonita”, in True Blue, performed by Madonna:
glosses: A nap, especially an afternoon one taken during the hottest part of the day in some cultures.
examples: text: Lest we think all of this is due to the proverbial inefficiency of the Latin American - 'siesta people' - we can see some of these signs, perhaps in a less dramatic way, in European societies and in the celebrated 'tigers' of South East Asia.
ref: 2001 February 1, Stanley E. Porter, Michael A. Hayes, David Tombs, Faith in the Millennium, A&C Black, →ISBN, page 21:
text: I had eaten a simple lunch, and in the relaxed siesta attitude that pervaded the place I settled back in my chair and looked at the mountains behind in all their austerity.
ref: 2010 February 22, Hughes Oliphant Old, The Reading and Preaching of the Scriptures in the Worship of the Christian Church, Vol. 7: Our Own Time, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, →ISBN, page 238:
text: Many observers believe the subtropical environment contributes to a slow-paced, siesta culture in which nothing work-related is so important that it cannot wait until tomorrow.
ref: 2021 April 14, Michael J. Strada, Through the Global Lens: An Introduction to Social Sciences, Routledge, →ISBN:
glosses: Laid-back attitudes to work or laziness, especially by a Hispanic person.
Synonyms: word: shut-eye
sense: Laid-back attitude
word: mañana
siesta
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /siˈɛstə/
rhymes: -ɛstə
Forms: form: siestas
form: siestaing
form: siestaed
form: siestaed
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish siesta, from Latin sexta (“the sixth hour from dawn, noon, midday”). Doublet of sext.
Senses: synonyms: siest
glosses: to take a siesta; to nap.
sigh
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sī
ipa: /saɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: sie
homophone: sai
homophone: psi
homophone: xi
homophone: scye
homophone: Si
homophone: Sy
homophone: Cy
Forms: form: sighs
Etymology: From Middle English sighe (“sigh”), from sighen (“to sigh”) (see [[#Etymology 1]]).
Senses: examples: text: To Pollyanna the air was all the more stifling after that cool breath of the out of doors; but she did not complain. She only drew a long quivering sigh.
ref: 1913, Eleanor H. Porter, chapter 7, in Pollyanna, L.C. Page, →OCLC:
glosses: A deep, prolonged audible inhale and exhale of breath; as when fatigued, frustrated, grieved, or relieved; the act of sighing.
glosses: a manifestation of grief; a lament.
glosses: A person who is bored.
Derived terms: le sigh
sigh of relief
yawn-sigh
sigh
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: enpr: sī
ipa: /saɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: sie
homophone: sai
homophone: psi
homophone: xi
homophone: scye
homophone: Si
homophone: Sy
homophone: Cy
Etymology: From Middle English sighe (“sigh”), from sighen (“to sigh”) (see [[#Etymology 1]]).
Senses: examples: text: Sigh, I'm so bored at work today.
glosses: An expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, frustration, or the like, often used in casual written contexts.
silhouette
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɪ.lʊˈwɛt/
ipa: /ˌsɪ.ləˈwɛt/
ipa: /ˌsɪ.luːˈwɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: silhouettes
form: silhouet
Etymology: Borrowed from French silhouette, after Étienne de Silhouette (1709–1767), French Controller of Finances. De Silhouette's penny-pinching led to the French term à la Silhouette, applied to things perceived as cheap or austere, such as an outline filled only with black.
Étienne de Silhouette's surname is, in turn, gallicized Basque. It derives from Ziloeta or Zilhoeta, modern Basque Zulueta, from the local plural (see -ak) stem of zulo (“hole, cave”).
Senses: examples: text: I could see a silhouette of a figure looking out from the window, but I couldn't tell if it was a man or a woman.
text: At Stirling, we obtained a wonderful silhouette view of the Wallace Monument, and the dark line of the Ochil Hills, and the castle stood out clearly against the afterglow of the sunset.
ref: 1950 January, Arthur F. Beckenham, “With British Railways to the Far North”, in Railway Magazine, page 5:
glosses: An illustrated outline filled in with a solid color(s), usually only black, and intended to represent the shape of an object without revealing any other visual details; a similar appearance produced when the object being viewed is situated in relative darkness with brighter lighting behind it; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be.
examples: text: A-line is a classic silhouette for dresses and skirts.
topics: fashion
lifestyle
glosses: The outline of a garment as it appears on the wearer.
Derived terms: in silhouette
silhouette
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɪ.lʊˈwɛt/
ipa: /ˌsɪ.ləˈwɛt/
ipa: /ˌsɪ.luːˈwɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: silhouettes
form: silhouetting
form: silhouetted
form: silhouetted
form: silhouet
Etymology: Borrowed from French silhouette, after Étienne de Silhouette (1709–1767), French Controller of Finances. De Silhouette's penny-pinching led to the French term à la Silhouette, applied to things perceived as cheap or austere, such as an outline filled only with black.
Étienne de Silhouette's surname is, in turn, gallicized Basque. It derives from Ziloeta or Zilhoeta, modern Basque Zulueta, from the local plural (see -ak) stem of zulo (“hole, cave”).
Senses: examples: text: Scores of coconut-shell fires blazed with their characteristic glaring white flame, throwing grotesque shadows on the brown thatched huts, dancing fairylike shimmerings among the domes of coconut fronds, casting ghostly reaches of light through the adjacent graveyards, and silhouetting the forms of pareu-clad natives at work cleaning their fish or laying them on the live coals to broil.
ref: 1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka, Eland, published 2019, page 35:
text: Driving 2-6-2 locomotive No. 4771 Green Arrow, Blunt suddenly noticed that the tunnel mouth was silhouetted in a dazzling white glare and that incendiary bombs were showering down in their hundreds, he slammed on all his brakes and brought his train to a stop just inside the tunnel.
ref: 1944 July and August, “Top Link Drivers: XXI—Driver H. Blunt, L.N.E.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 226:
glosses: To represent by a silhouette; to project upon a background, so as to be like a silhouette.