Jin
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: enpr: jĭn
ipa: /d͡ʒɪn/
Forms: form: Chin
form: Kin
Etymology: The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 晉 /晋 (Jìn), adopted as the name of a river in Shanxi in antiquity. As a Zhou state, from the renaming of the marchland Tang (唐) by its second marquis Ji Xie when he relocated to the Jin River c. 1000 BC. As a surname, principally from the Zhou state and its region in China. As an empire and dynastic name, from Sima Yan's status as prince of Jin under the preceding Wei Empire. As a river in Fujian, named for the empire, which settled its banks with colonizers from China's Central Plains. As a dialect, from 晉語／晋语 (Jìnyǔ), from the region of the former Zhou state.
Senses: glosses: A river (晉水) in Shanxi Province, China, emptying into the Fen River.
glosses: A marchland (c. 1046–677 BC) and duchy (677–376 BC) of the Zhou Kingdom around the river.
glosses: A Chinese surname.
glosses: A titular principality of the Wei Empire (est. AD 264) and other later Chinese states.
glosses: An empire in China (AD 265–420) established by Sima Yan's overthrow of the Wei and replaced by barbarian conquerors in the north and Liu Yu's Song Empire in the south.
glosses: Synonym of Sima: the dynasty which ruled this empire.
synonyms: word: Sima
extra: the dynasty which ruled this empire
qualifier: chiefly Chinese contexts
glosses: The late 3rd to early 5th century, the era during which the Sima clan were the legitimate emperors of China.
examples: text: Between 1946 and 1948 in the ruins of the foundations of Quanzhou’s South Gate Tower and southern wall we excavated more that twenty large white gravestones, inscribed in Arabic on both sides. They obviously had been taken from a demolished Islamic mosque. The area overlooked in the Jin River and was known as South Quanzhou, or the “Foreign District.” It was here that merchants from overseas and their families had lived during Song and Yuan.
ref: 1984, Zhuang Weiji, quotee, Jews in Old China: Studies by Chinese Scholars, Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 147:
text: Wang Feng and I made our way to the world’s former greatest harbour. It is to the west of the city on the Jin River, and far enough inland from Quanzhou Bay to be reasonably safe from typhoons.
ref: 2010, Tim Mackintosh-Smith, “China: To the Mosque of the Phoenix”, in Landfalls: On the Edge of Islam from Zanzibar to the Alhambra, John Murray, published 2011, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 200:
text: Located on the Jin River, Quanzhou was China’s principal port during the Song and Yuan dynasties.
ref: 2016, “Fujian”, in China, DK, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 297, column 1:
text: He said that four years ago, the island began receiving water from the Jin River, in Quanzhou, China, and now 70-80% of Kinmen's water comes from China.
ref: 2023 February 8, Kelvin Chen, “Swiss parliamentarian delegation visits Taiwan's Kinmen”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 08 Mar 2023, Politics:
glosses: A river (Jin River, 晉江／晋江 (Jìnjiāng)) in Quanzhou Municipality, Fujian, China, emptying into the Taiwan Strait.
glosses: A prefecture of imperial China centered on Linfen, Shanxi.
glosses: Former name of Linfen as the seat of the prefecture.
glosses: An realm in early-10th century Shaanxi loyal to the Tang after their overthrow by the Later Liang.
glosses: The Later Jin, a short-lived empire in 10th-century Shaanxi; the 930s and '40s, the era of this empire.
glosses: Synonym of Shi: the dynasty which ruled this empire.
synonyms: word: Shi
extra: the dynasty which ruled this empire
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A Chinese dialect family (code cjy) spoken by about 45 million people in Shanxi and adjacent provinces.
Synonyms: sense: empire & era
word: Sima Jin
sense: empire & era
word: Liang Jin
sense: Shanxinese river
word: Jinshui
word: Fujianese river
word: prefecture & its seat
sense: dialect family
word: Jin Chinese
sense: dialect family
word: Jinese
sense: dialect family
word: Shanxinese
sense: dialect family
word: Shanxi dialect
Hyponyms: word: imperial dynasty
sense: dialect family
word: Bingzhou
sense: dialect family
word: Lüliang
sense: dialect family
word: Shangdang
sense: dialect family
word: Wutai
sense: dialect family
word: Datong–Baotou
sense: dialect family
word: Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
sense: dialect family
word: Handan–Xinxiang
sense: dialect family
word: Zhidan–Yanchuan
Derived terms: Jinese
Jin Chinese
Related terms: Jinjiang
Zayton
Tsinkiang
Wiktionary’s coverage of Jin terms