cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
chicken coop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chicken coops
form: chickencoop
Etymology: From chicken + coop.
Senses: synonyms: chickenhouse
hypernyms: poultryhouse
coordinate_terms: chicken tractor
glosses: A building, often wooden with wire netting, in which a small number of poultry are kept.
examples: text: There's armored cars, and tanks, and Jeeps
And rigs of every size.
Yeah, them chicken coops was full o'bears
And choppers filled the skies.
ref: 1975, “Convoy”, in C.W. McCall, Chip Davis (lyrics), Black Bear Road, performed by C. W. McCall:
glosses: A weigh station.
chickenyard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chickenyards
form: chicken yard
Etymology: From chicken + yard.
Senses: glosses: A chicken run.
Synonyms: chicken pen
chicken run
chicken run
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chicken runs
Senses: synonyms: chicken pen
chickenyard
chookyard
glosses: An enclosed area, attached to a chicken coop, in which poultry are allowed to run around and peck.
examples: text: By 1979, thousands had 'gapped it', or taken the 'chicken run', as emigration was derisively known […]
ref: 2019, David Kenrick, Decolonisation, Identity and Nation in Rhodesia, 1964-1979, page 2:
glosses: The act of "gapping it", i.e. emigrating from Rhodesia as a white inhabitant during the country's transition to independence.
clacking
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of clack
clacking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: clackings
Senses: glosses: A sound that clacks.
clack
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæk/
rhymes: -æk
Forms: form: clacks
Etymology: From Middle English clacken, clakken, claken, from Old English *clacian (“to slap, clap, clack”), from Proto-Germanic *klakōną (“to clap, chirp”). Cognate with Scots clake, claik (“to utter cries", also "to bedaub, sully with a sticky substance”), Dutch klakken (“to clack, crack”), Low German klakken (“to slap on, daub”), Norwegian klakke (“to clack, strike, knock”), Icelandic klaka (“to twitter, chatter, wrangle, dispute”).
Senses: glosses: An abrupt, sharp sound, especially one made by two hard objects colliding repetitively; a sound midway between a click and a clunk.
glosses: Anything that causes a clacking noise, such as the clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.
examples: text: whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual clack
ref: 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
glosses: Chatter; prattle.
glosses: The tongue.
Derived terms: clack box
clack dish
clack door
clackity
clack valve
clacky
click-clack
clicketty-clack
pokerclack
tongue clacking
clack
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæk/
rhymes: -æk
Forms: form: clacks
form: clacking
form: clacked
form: clacked
Etymology: From Middle English clacken, clakken, claken, from Old English *clacian (“to slap, clap, clack”), from Proto-Germanic *klakōną (“to clap, chirp”). Cognate with Scots clake, claik (“to utter cries", also "to bedaub, sully with a sticky substance”), Dutch klakken (“to clack, crack”), Low German klakken (“to slap on, daub”), Norwegian klakke (“to clack, strike, knock”), Icelandic klaka (“to twitter, chatter, wrangle, dispute”).
Senses: examples: text: We heard Mr. Hodson's whip clacking on the shoulders of the poor little wretches.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 8, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
text: [He] walked quite jauntily across the courtyard to the distant door, his sandals clacking against the marble.
ref: 1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 52:
glosses: To make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to click.
glosses: To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to click.
examples: text: There is a generation of men, whose unweighed custome makes them clack out any thing their heedleſs fancy ſprings
ref: 1623, Owen Feltham, Resolves: Divine, Moral, Political:
text: The women bunched up in little droves and let their tongues clack, and the men herded together and passed a jug around and, to tell the truth, let their tongues clack too.
ref: 1953, Janice Holt Giles, The Kentuckians:
glosses: To chatter or babble; to utter rapidly without consideration.
glosses: To cut the sheep's mark off (wool), to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty.
examples: text: Only the chickens clacked at the Saturday quiet and fat mouse-minded cats licked whiskers on the empty steps.
ref: 1934, Gladys Bagg Taber, Late Climbs the Sun, page 30:
text: We drive on between meadows of mown grass, through a pergola of vines, and so to an orchard of peaches, apples, and pears and a hen colony housed in neat modern cottages, the chickens clacking and scratching away […]
ref: 1964, Frances Margaret Cheadle McGuire, Gardens of Italy, page 57:
glosses: Dated form of cluck.
Derived terms: clacker
clacks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæks/
rhymes: -æks
Senses: glosses: plural of clack
clacks
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæks/
rhymes: -æks
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of clack
cladistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: A back-formation from cladistics.
Senses: glosses: Relating to a clade.
glosses: Relating to cladistics.
Derived terms: cladistically
patrocladistic
precladistic
clannish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklæn.ɪʃ/
rhymes: -ænɪʃ
Forms: form: more clannish
form: most clannish
Etymology: From clan + -ish.
Senses: glosses: Of or related to a clan.
examples: text: Gendrot describes a “clannish” system that ensures officers close ranks to protect their own, leading to a sense of impunity.
ref: 2020 September 3, Kim Willsher, “French reporter who joined police exposes racism and violence”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
synonyms: clanny
glosses: Socially exclusive.
Derived terms: clannishly
clannishness
Klannish
unclannish
clavicular
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kləˈvɪk.jʊl.ə/
ipa: /klæˈvɪk.jəl.ɚ/
ipa: /kləˈvɪk.jəl.ɚ/
rhymes: -ɪkjʊlə(ɹ)
Etymology: From clavicle + -ar.
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to the clavicle.
Derived terms: acromioclavicular
coracoclavicular
costoclavicular
infraclavicular
interclavicular
intraclavicular
medioclavicular
midclavicular
omoclavicular
periclavicular
postclavicular
scapuloclavicular
sternoclavicular
subclavicular
supraclavicular
cleaveth
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: cleave + -eth
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cleave
climb up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: climbs up
form: climbing up
form: climbed up
form: climbed up
Senses: glosses: to make a gradual ascent or increase
glosses: to gradually ascend something
cubhood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From cub + -hood.
Senses: glosses: the state of being a cub
glosses: youth
cumbered
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more cumbered
form: most cumbered
Etymology: From cumber + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: Vanessa Pennington had a husband who was poor, with few extenuating circumstances, and an admirer who, though comfortably rich, was cumbered with a sense of honour.
ref: 1910, Saki [pseudonym; Hector Hugh Munro], “Cross Currents”, in Reginald in Russia and Other Sketches, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 94:
text: Townsend was five hundred miles from his base, outnumbered, cumbered with sick and wounded. He faced disaster.
ref: 1964, “Allah Made Mesopotamia—and Added Flies”, in The Great War:
glosses: Encumbered; hampered.
Derived terms: uncumbered
cumbered
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From cumber + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of cumber
heptathlete
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛp.tæθ.lit/
Forms: form: heptathletes
Etymology: From hepta- + athlete.
Senses: examples: text: “Heptathlon is very geared and favorable to those who are quick,” said Gray’s coach, Andy Eggerth, who trains both heptathletes and decathletes. “A lot of world-class heptathletes are relatively bad at javelin and shot-put.”
ref: 2021 June 7, Shauna Farnell, “An Olympic Hurdle: Why Is the Decathlon Only for Men?”, in The New York Times:
text: He comes from a family of athletes: Greg, his father, was an elite vaulter for the U.S. Helena, his Swedish mother, was an international heptathlete and volleyball player.
ref: 2024 May 8, Liam Tharme, “Mondo Duplantis: Breaking down the biomechanics behind the best-ever pole vaulter”, in The New York Times:
topics: athletics
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: An athlete who competes in the heptathlon.
Related terms: decathlete
pentathlete
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛn.tæθ.lit/
Forms: form: pentathletes
Etymology: From penta- + athlete.
Senses: examples: text: In Tokyo, that led to accusations of abuse after a German pentathlete and medal contender, Annika Schleu, was assigned a stubborn horse that refused to jump at all.
ref: 2021 March 11, Victor Mather, “Modern Pentathlon Drops Equestrian Competition After Abuse Claims”, in The New York Times:
text: While the pentathletes at the Paris Games are indeed riding horses over a series of jumps as part of the event, they will face an entirely different fifth discipline when they get to Los Angeles in 2028: a race the organizers are calling a “‘Ninja Warrior’-style obstacle course.”
ref: 2024 October 8, Sarah Lyall, “Dear Pentathletes: Enjoy Your Last Ride. Get Ready for the Obstacle Course.”, in The New York Times:
topics: athletics
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: An athlete who competes in the pentathlon.
biathlete
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: biathletes
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: An athlete who competes in the biathlon.
Y2K38
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: As for Y2K, with the addition of 38.
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The year 2038, in which certain date-related bugs in computer software are expected to manifest themselves.
Bonn
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from German Bonn.
Senses: glosses: An independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River; the former capital of West Germany and (until 1999) seat of government of unified Germany.
glosses: The (West) German government.
raw_tags: after 1999
East Germany
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: Subsequently, the GDR’s antifascist tradition would be diluted, distorted, and refashioned into an ahistorical national origins myth in which the citizens of East Germany were officially proclaimed the “victors of history,” but where little space remained for the real and complicated history, not to mention ambivalent role of Stalinized Communism, behind it.
ref: 2017 May 24, Loren Balhorn, “The Lost History of Antifa”, in Jacobin Magazine:
text: In August 2021, Williams visited the Republic of Molossia, an 11.3-acre micronation in Nevada that declared independence from the United States of America in 1998, where he was given a personal tour by “His Excellency President Kevin Baugh.” He learned about the Republic of Molossia’s ongoing “war” with now-defunct East Germany, how the local currency (the “valora”) is backed by chocolate chip cookie dough instead of gold, and had his passport stamped and his photo taken on the “border” with the United States.
ref: 2023 June 8, Richard Collett, “He ran out of countries to visit, so he created his own”, in CNN:
glosses: A former Communist country of Central Europe, existing between 1949 and 1990. Official name: German Democratic Republic. Capital: East Berlin.
glosses: A geographic region of Germany, consisting of the states formerly part of the Cold War-era East Germany, also known as Eastern Germany.
raw_tags: since 1990
Related terms: East German
Ossi
West Germany
West German
Wessi
Jeeves
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /d͡ʒiːvz/
rhymes: -iːvz
Etymology: Originally a surname derived from a Middle English diminutive of Genevieve.
Senses: glosses: A surname originating as a matronymic.
glosses: A fictional valet in the stories by P. G. Wodehouse.
examples: text: When you name a baby Jeeves, you've pretty much mapped out his future, wouldn't you say?
ref: 1993, Seinfeld, season 4, episode 24, Jerry Seinfeld (actor):
glosses: A valet, butler or helper who fulfills the model of a helpful servant.
Related terms: Jeevesian
Düsseldorf
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʊsəldɔːf/
ipa: /ˈduːsəldɔɹf/
ipa: /ˈdʊsəldɔɹf/
Etymology: From German Düsseldorf.
Senses: glosses: The capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
glosses: One of the five administrative regions of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Lübeck
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A city in Schleswig-Holstein, north-central Germany, northeast of Hamburg; a major Baltic port and industrial center, the present city dates from 1143 and was the leading town of the Hanseatic League after its designation as a free city in 1226; it retained that status until 1937.
wikipedia: Lübeck
Rostock
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From German, from Middle Low German Rozstoc, from West Slavic (probably Polabian), from Proto-Slavic *orz-tokъ (“river fork”) (compare Czech roztok).
Senses: glosses: An independent city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
glosses: A rural district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Seat: Güstrow.
Ulm
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʊlm/
ipa: /ʌlm/
rhymes: -ʊlm
rhymes: -ʌlm
Senses: glosses: A city on the River Danube in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
glosses: A town in Prairie County, Arkansas, United States.
Derived terms: New Ulm
Gwynedd
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: note: county and historical kingdom in Wales
ipa: /ˈɡwɪnɛð/
note: county and historical kingdom in Wales
ipa: /ˈɡwɪnəð/
note: county and historical kingdom in Wales
ipa: /ˈɡwɪnɪð/
note: county and historical kingdom in Wales
ipa: /-d/
note: community in Pennsylvania
ipa: /ˈɡwɪnəd/
Etymology: From Welsh Gwynedd.
Senses: glosses: A historical kingdom of Wales, in the north of the country.
glosses: A county of Wales, in the north-west of the country.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Lower Gwynedd Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States.
Derived terms: Lower Gwynedd
Upper Gwynedd
Caernarvonshire
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Caernarfonshire.
Derived terms: word: Caerns
synchronised swimming
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A swimming event where competitors swim in a ballet-like manner in a swimming pool
Grimsby
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɪmzbi/
Etymology: From Old Norse Grim (“male given name”) (Grimr, Grimnir, Grim; masked one, mask; Odin) + -s + býr (“village”). Equivalent of Grim + -s- + -by.
Senses: glosses: A large town and seaport on the Humber in North East Lincolnshire district, Lincolnshire, England.
glosses: A town on Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario, Canada, named after the town in England.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Sand Ridge Township, Jackson County, Illinois, United States.
tread water
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: treads water
form: treading water
form: treaded water
form: trod water
form: treaded water
form: trod water
form: trodden water
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: keep one's head above water
text: We gained the interior of the submarine cave without difficulty, and on emerging from the waves, supported ourselves for some time by treading water, while we held the two bundles above our heads.
ref: 1857, R. M. Ballantyne, “chapter 13”, in The Coral Island:
glosses: To remain afloat in the water without use of any buoyancy aid, by using kicking motions and hand motions.
examples: text: Near-synonym: keep one's head above water
text: The popular view is that, although technology and GDP advance, morals and society are treading water or, depending on your choice of newspaper, sinking back into decadence and barbarism.
ref: 2009, The Economist, The idea of progress: Onwards and upwards:
text: In the first scenario, the fund gets $13 billion, the minimum investment needed for the organisation to tread water.
ref: 2010, The Economist, Aid and austerity:
glosses: To make no progress, expending effort just enough to maintain a stable position.
Humber
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Middle English Humber, from Old English Humbre.
Senses: glosses: A large tidal estuary forming part of the boundary between the East Riding of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, England.
glosses: A coastal sea area centered on this estuary.
glosses: A hamlet in Bishopsteignton parish, Teignbridge district, Devon, England (OS grid ref SX9075).
glosses: A hamlet and civil parish (served by Humber, Ford and Stoke Prior Parish Council) south-east of Leominster, Herefordshire, England (OS grid ref SO5356).
glosses: A river in Newfoundland and Labrador.
glosses: A former make of British motor car.
examples: text: To that end, prosecutors allege that Allison and Humber pushed their followers to attack minority communities, government infrastructure, politicians, government officials and the leaders of private companies – some of whom, including a US senator and a federal judge, were included in a detailed list of “high value targets” for assassination.
ref: 2024 September 9, Hannah Rabinowitz, “Alleged leaders of White supremacist group charged in effort to encourage terrorism and hate crimes”, in CNN:
glosses: A surname.
Derived terms: Barrow upon Humber
Barton upon Humber
Brough-on-Humber
Humbermouth
Humberside
Northumbria
limb from limb
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: glosses: dismembered
glosses: completely apart; completely destroyed
Rupert
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹupɚt/
Etymology: A German name, brought to England by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in the seventeenth century. Doublet of Robert.
Senses: examples: text: A St Oswald's boy can pass off a name like Orlando, can make it sound like peppermint. Even Rupert sounds somehow cool when attached to a navy-blue St Oswald's blazer.
ref: 2010, Joanne Harris, blueeyedboy, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 99:
text: 'What about Rupert?' his mother says brightly. 'I've always loved the name Rupert and it's an old family name on my side.'
'Sounds like...a whatdyoucallit?' Ted's father says, folding up the newspaper and tossing it to the floor.
'What?'
'A...' Ted's father puts his hand to his brow '...you know...a thing that children take to bed. Um...Brideshead...um...teddy-bear! That's it. A teddy-bear.'
ref: 2010, Maggie O'Farrell, The Hand That First Held Mine, Headline, →ISBN, page 91:
text: “Gossip” is about a lot more than just juicy tidbits and the columnists that peddle them, presenting a multifaceted look at gossip’s role in the newspaper/media ecosystem and at Rupert Murdoch’s enterprises in particular.
ref: 2021 August 20, Brian Lowry, “‘Gossip’ charts how tabloid tattlers ‘escaped from their cages’ and rippled through the media”, in CNN:
glosses: A male given name from the Germanic languages.
glosses: A city, the county seat of Minidoka County, Idaho.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Ohio.
glosses: A town in Vermont.
glosses: A town in West Virginia.
Derived terms: Prince Rupert
Rupert
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹupɚt/
Forms: form: Ruperts
Etymology: A German name, brought to England by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in the seventeenth century. Doublet of Robert.
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A junior army officer.
Randolph
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈɹændɒlf/
Etymology: From Old Norse rǫnd (“shield”) + úlfr (“wolf”).
Senses: glosses: A male given name from the Germanic languages.
glosses: A surname.
glosses: A city in Iowa.
glosses: A city in Kansas.
glosses: A town in Maine.
glosses: A hamlet in Manitoba.
glosses: A city in Massachusetts.
glosses: A city in Minnesota.
glosses: A city in Missouri.
glosses: A city in Nebraska.
glosses: A town in New Hampshire.
glosses: A township in New Jersey.
glosses: A town in New York.
glosses: A town, the county seat of Rich County, Utah.
glosses: A town in Vermont.
glosses: A town and village in Wisconsin.
glosses: A number of other townships in the United States, listed under Randolph Township.
Related terms: Randal
Randall
Randy
lampost
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lamposts
Senses: examples: text: Until comparatively recently, another example of the survival of an old railway name was to be found in Sevenoaks, where a small metal sign, attached to a lampost, pointed the way to the "L.C.D.R. station" (the present Bat & Ball Station).
ref: 1954 January, “Notes and News: An Unusual Signpost at Edenbridge”, in Railway Magazine, page 66:
glosses: Alternative spelling of lamppost.
Gaston
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡæstən/
rhymes: -æstən
Senses: glosses: A surname from Old Northern French.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname or from French, of occasional usage.
Derived terms: Alphonse and Gaston
Gaston County
Gastonia
Mortimer
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɔːtɪmə/
ipa: /ˈmɔɹtəmɚ/
Forms: form: Mortymer
Etymology: A habitational surname from Mortemer in France, from Old Northern French, literally meaning “dead pond”.
Senses: examples: text: He said he would not ransom Mortimer; / Forbade my tongue to speak of Mortimer; / But I will find him when he lies asleep, / And in his ear I'll holla ‘Mortimer!’
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: A British surname from Old French.
examples: text: I like the names Herbert and Mortimer more all the time. They are so distinguished and new and American. Do you know how I came to think of them? I was reading the newspaper in bed after my first boy was born. I was reading the society page, which is always so interesting.
ref: 1941, Delmore Schwartz, Shenandoah, New Directions, page 13:
text: A spokesperson for the families of Drs. Mortimer and Raymond Sackler, the late founders of the company, issued this statement:
ref: 2019 March 24, Ralph Ellis and Melanie Schuman, “Hundreds of cities, counties and Native American tribes file federal lawsuit against Sackler family over opioid crisis”, in CNN:
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname.
glosses: A village in Stratfield Mortimer parish, West Berkshire district, Berkshire, England, otherwise known as Mortimer Common (OS grid ref SU6564).
glosses: A ghost town in Caldwell County, North Carolina, United States.
glosses: An unincorporated community in Allen Township, Hancock County, Ohio, United States.
glosses: A community in Kent County, New Brunswick, Canada.
Derived terms: Cleobury Mortimer
Mortimer's Cross
Stratfield Mortimer
Related terms: Mort
Morty
Manuel
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /mɑnˈwɛl/
/mænˈwɛl/
Etymology: From Spanish and Portuguese, short for Emanuel.
Senses: glosses: A male given name from Spanish.
glosses: A surname.
Related terms: Don Manuel
San Manuel
loveliest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: One of the loveliest rivers in Wales, the Teifi, loops and swirls down to Llanybyther through a lush valley hemmed in by range upon range of wooded hills.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 260:
glosses: superlative form of lovely: most lovely
Arabella
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /æɹəˈbɛlə/
Etymology: Uncertain, used in Scotland since the sixteenth century; possibly from Latin orabilis (“yielding to prayer”) or a variant of Annabel.
Senses: glosses: A female given name from Latin.
Vivian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɪvi.ən/
Etymology: Early saints' name from Latin Vīviānus, and of its feminine form Vīviāna, probably from vīvus (“alive”).
Senses: examples: text: Of the you're-going-to-get-it-anyway faction was a young Australian on board by the name, so help me, of Vivian Nankervis. - - - And he was beautiful, even with a name like Vivian; moreover, he had never been ill a day in his life.
ref: 1942, Caroline Mytinger, Headhunting in the Solomon Islands, Macmillan, page 13:
glosses: A male given name from Latin.
examples: text: 'What's your name?' 'Vivian.' 'Isn't that one of the names that mean something?' She said, 'It means my mother used to go to the movies.'
ref: 1990, Paul Theroux, Chicago Loop, Hamish Hamilton Ltd, →ISBN, page 70:
glosses: A female given name from Latin.
examples: text: "Mr. Grey," asked her ladyship, "are you of Dorsetshire?" "My mother is a Dorsetshire woman; her family name is Vivian, which name I also bear - Sir Hargrave Vivian, of Chester Grange."
ref: 1827, Benjamin Disraeli, Vivian Grey, E. L. Carey and A. Hart (1837), page 117:
glosses: A surname originating as a patronymic.
Related terms: Viv
Viviana
Viviane
Vivien
Vivienne
Vyvyan
Curtis
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɝtɪs/
ipa: /ˈkɜːtɪs/
Forms: form: Curtiss
Etymology: From Old French corteis and curteis (Modern French courtois (“polite, courteous”). Doublet of courteous.
Senses: glosses: An English surname transferred from the nickname, originally a nickname for a refined or courtly person.
examples: text: A cold world, Curtis, in every office but thine; and therefore, fire.
ref: c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
text: The night once come, our happiness, our unhappiness, — it is all abolished; vanished, clean gone; a thing that has been: ‘not of the slightest consequence’ whether we were happy as eupeptic Curtis, as the fattest pig of Epicurus, or unhappy as job with potsherds, as musical Byron with Giaours and sensibilities of the heart […]
ref: 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “chapter IV, Happy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
text: Without undue haste, we named him Curtis simply because we liked the name. It seemed to suit the little guy too. Knowing my love of aviation, several friends and relatives wrongly assumed we have named him after the Curtiss Aircraft Company. I hadn't thought of this, but it was a great idea. There are some terrific aircraft company names to choose. You'll see the likes of Douglas, Martin, Edwards, Ryan, Miles and Albert just to name a few.
ref: 1999, Bernie Runstedler, Jr., Breezes Against My Brow, General Store Publishing House., →ISBN, page 77:
text: White House chief strategist Steve Bannon has been in contact via intermediaries with Curtis Yarvin, Politico Magazine reported this week.
ref: 2017 February 10, Rosie Gray, “Behind the Internet's Anti-Democracy Movement”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 10 Jan 2020:
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Gilchrist County, Florida.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Portage Township, Mackinac County, Michigan.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Alcona County, Michigan.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Frontier County, Nebraska.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Lewis County, Washington.
glosses: A municipality in A Coruña province, Galicia, Spain.
Related terms: Curt
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Kurt
Kurtis
Thornton Curtis
Matilda
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈtɪldə/
Forms: form: Mathilda
Etymology: From Middle English Matilda, from Old French Mathilde, from Old High German Mahthilt, Mehthilt, from Proto-Germanic *Mahtihildiz; compare German Mechthild, Old English Mæþhild (“Matilda”).
Senses: examples: text: But wondrously begotten, and begonne / By false illusion of a guilefull Spright, / On a faire Ladie Nonne, that whilome hight / Matilda, daughter to Pubidius, […]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 13:
text: Countess of Laussitz - Matilda, too, by the mark! A good name, a marvellous good name, is not, Algernon? Musical, pretty, soft, smoothing, loveable. - - - many a fair prospect is spoiled by the mistake in the name. Call Matilda Joan, or Louisa Deborah, and you are ruined forever!
ref: 1844, George Payne Rainsford James, Rose D'Albret, Or, Troublous Times, a Romance, Harper, page 20:
text: At one time Joan invented other names for her. 'Matilda' brought to mind dingy curtains, gray tent flaps, a slack-skinned old woman. How about Sharon? Lilliane? Elizabeth? Then, Joan didn't know how, the name Matilda became transformed. It started shining like silver. The "il" in it was silver. But not metallic. In Joan's mind the name gleamed now like a fold of satin.
ref: 1990, Alice Munro, Friend of My Youth, .Stories, →ISBN, page 187:
glosses: A female given name from the Germanic languages.
Derived terms: Fort Matilda
Matilda effect
Matildine
Related terms: word: Maud
word: Maude
word: Maudie
sense: pet forms
word: Mattie
sense: pet forms
word: Matty
sense: pet forms
word: Tilda
sense: pet forms
word: Tillie
sense: pet forms
word: Tilly
Matilda
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈtɪldə/
Forms: form: Matildas
form: Mathilda
Etymology: From Middle English Matilda, from Old French Mathilde, from Old High German Mahthilt, Mehthilt, from Proto-Germanic *Mahtihildiz; compare German Mechthild, Old English Mæþhild (“Matilda”).
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Either of two British infantry tanks in use during World War II, the Infantry Tank Mark I or Infantry Tank Mark II.
examples: text: Oh there once was a swagman camped in the billabong,
 Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
And he sang as he looked at the old billy boiling,
 'Who'll come a'waltzing Matilda, with me.'
ref: 1895, “Waltzing Matilda”, Banjo Paterson (lyrics):
glosses: A swag or bluey carried by a swagman or swagwoman.
Synonyms: sense: infantry tank
word: Matilda I
sense: infantry tank
word: Matilda II
auld
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /oʊld/
ipa: /əʊld/
ipa: /ɑːld/
note: Liverpool
ipa: /aːʊl/
rhymes: -əʊld
homophone: old
Forms: form: aulder
form: auldest
form: aud
form: aul
form: oul
form: oul'
form: ould
Etymology: From Scots auld or from Northern Middle English auld, aulde, awld, awlde, ald, alde, from Northumbrian Old English ald, variant of Old English eald (“old, mature, venerable; antique, ancient, primeval”), from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown up; old”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós (“grown, nourished, matured”). Compare cognate Latin altus (“nourished, raised, grown; tall”). Doublet of old.
Senses: qualifier: Liverpool
glosses: Old.
Synonyms: aged
eldern
hoary
old
Related terms: alderman
auld birkie
aulden
auldfarrand
auld-fashioned
auld lang syne
auld-warld
auld wives' tongues
eld
elder
old
Carthage
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɑːθɪdʒ/
enpr: kärʹthĭj
ipa: /ˈkɑɹθɪd͡ʒ/
Forms: form: Carthago
Etymology: From Middle French Carthage, from Latin Carthāgō, from Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt), possibly via Etruscan *𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌆𐌀 (*carθaza), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt, “city”) + 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (ḥdšt, “new”) as distinguished from the colonists' mother city of Tyre. More at Carthāgō.
Senses: examples: 1594, Christopher Marlowe, The Tragedie of Dido Queene of Carthage
glosses: An ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia.
glosses: An ancient empire in North Africa and Southern Europe with its capital at Carthage.
glosses: A community in the Township of Perth East, Perth County, Ontario, Canada.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A small town in Dallas County, Arkansas.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A ghost town in Inyo County, California.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A city, the county seat of Hancock County, Illinois.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A small town in Ripley Township, Rush County, Indiana.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A small town in Franklin County, Maine.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A city, the county seat of Leake County, Mississippi.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A city, the county seat of Jasper County, Missouri.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A village in the town of Wilna, Jefferson County, New York.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A town, the county seat of Moore County, North Carolina.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A tiny city in Miner County, South Dakota.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A town, the county seat of Smith County, Tennessee.
glosses: Several places in the United States:
A city, the county seat of Panola County, Texas.
Related terms: Carthaginian
Sophy
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Ultimately from Ancient Greek; see Sophia.
Senses: examples: text: I knew Sophy was a good girl, and would not fall in love to make me angry.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones:
glosses: A diminutive of the female given name Sophia.
Sophy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sōʹfē
ipa: /ˈsəʊfi/
Forms: form: Sophies
form: Sofee
form: Soffi
form: Sofi
form: Sophi
form: Sophia
form: Sophie
form: sophy
Etymology: A corruption of Arabic صَفَوِيّ (ṣafawiyy), the nisba indicating the dynasty's descent from Safi ad-Din al-Ardabili.
Cognate with New Latin Sophi, Sophus, Italian sofì, Spanish sofí.
Not related to Sufi.
Spellings possibly influenced by the name Sophia.
Senses: examples: text: The great tent on the lawn, wherein presently we are to sup,—blue and yellow without, and within all braveries of tapestry and of table service,—suggests a state pavilion of the Sophy camped for glittering war.
ref: 1899, Richard Whiteing, No. 5 John street, New York: Century, →OCLC, page 281:
glosses: Archaic form of Safawi (“a member of the Safavid dynasty”).
herewith
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: here-with
Etymology: From Middle English herwith or her-with, from late Old English herwiþ. By surface analysis, here + with.
Senses: glosses: with this; especially, with this letter or communication
glosses: by this means
glosses: in this way, hereby
Related terms: —
henceafter
henceforth
henceforward
henceforwards
hencefrom
hereabout
hereabouts
hereabove
hereafter
hereafters
hereagainst
hereamong
hereanent
hereat
hereaway
herebefore
hereby
herefor
herefore
hereforth
hereforward
hereforwards
herefrom
herehence
hereinabove
hereinafter
hereinbefore
hereinbelow
hereinelsewhere
hereinsoever
hereinto
hereinunder
heremid
hereof
hereon
hereout
hereover
herethrough
herethroughout
hereto
heretofore
hereunto
hereupon
herewithal
herewithin
herewithout
hitherto
hitherunto
hitherward
hitherwards
howbeit
however
howso
howsoever
howsomedever
howsomever
thataway
thatwise
thenceafter
thenceforth
thenceforward
thenceforwards
thencefrom
thenceout
thereabout
thereabouts
thereabove
thereacross
thereafter
thereafters
thereagain
thereagainst
therealong
thereamong
thereamongst
thereanent
therearound
thereat
thereaway
therebefore
therebeside
therebetween
therebeyond
thereby
therever
therefor
therefore
thereforth
therefrom
therehence
thereinabove
thereinafter
thereinbefore
thereinbelow
thereinto
thereinunder
theremid
thereof
thereon
thereout
thereover
theresoever
therethrough
therethroughout
thereto
theretofore
thereunto
thereup
thereupon
therewith
therewithal
therewithin
therewithout
thisaway
thiswise
thitherinsoever
thitherto
thitherward
thitherwards
whatever
whatso
whatsoever
whatsomedever
whatsomever
whatwise
whenabout
whenabouts
whenas
whenever
whenso
whensoever
whensomever
whenceafter
whencever
whenceforth
whenceforward
whencefrom
whenceward
whencewards
whereabout
whereabouts
whereabove
whereafter
whereafters
whereagainst
wherealong
whereamong
whereamongst
whereanent
wherearound
whereas
whereat
whereaway
wherebefore
wherebeside
wherebetween
wherebeyond
whereby
wherever
wherefor
wherefore
whereforth
wherefrom
wherehence
whereinabove
whereinafter
whereinbefore
whereinbelow
whereinsoever
whereinto
whereinunder
wheremid
whereof
whereon
whereout
whereover
whereso
wheresoever
wheresomever
wherethrough
wherethroughout
whereto
wheretofore
whereunto
whereup
whereupon
wherewith
wherewithal
wherewithin
wherewithout
whitherever
whitherinsoever
whitherso
whitherto
whithertofore
whitherward
whitherwards
whyever
whyfor
whyso
whysoever
1. Scottish2. from Middle English mid3. old dialectal form
Lorenzo
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Ultimately from Latin Laurentius.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Italian or Spanish.
Related terms: Di Lorenzo
San Lorenzo
San-Lorenzo
Crawley
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɔːli/
homophone: crawly
rhymes: -ɔːli
Etymology: From Old English crāwe (“crow”), genitive plural, crāwan + lēah (“wood, clearing”).
Senses: glosses: A place in England:
A large town and borough in West Sussex.
glosses: A place in England:
A hamlet in Membury parish, East Devon district, Devon (OS grid ref ST2607).
glosses: A place in England:
A village and civil parish in Winchester district, Hampshire (OS grid ref SU4234).
glosses: A place in England:
A village and civil parish in West Oxfordshire district, Oxfordshire (OS grid ref SP3412).
glosses: An unincorporated community in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States, named after Crawley, West Sussex.
glosses: A western suburb of the City of Perth, Western Australia, taken from the surname.
glosses: A surname.
Derived terms: Crawley Down
Husborne Crawley
extremities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈstɹɛmɪtiz/
ipa: /ɛk-/
ipa: /ɪkˈstɹɛmətiz/
ipa: /-ɾiz/
Forms: form: extremitys
Senses: glosses: plural of extremity.
ratified
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹætɪfaɪd/
ipa: /ˈɹætəfaɪd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of ratify
pursuits
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pursuit
allotted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: The clock is ticking away the minutes in our allotted meeting time.
ref: 2024 February 19, Paul Clifton, “I am absolutely committed to reforming the railway”, in RAIL, number 1029, page 41:
glosses: simple past and past participle of allot
expelled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: expeled
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of expel
alighted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: He stopped the carriage and alighted.
glosses: simple past and past participle of alight
assisting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɪstɪŋ/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of assist
assisting
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɪstɪŋ/
Forms: form: assistings
Senses: examples: text: […] through atonement for sin by the death of Christ the world has been blessed with a dispensation of helping influences — the gracious and altogether sufficient assistings of the Holy Ghost.
ref: 1871, The Bible Christian magazine, a continuation of the Arminian magazine:
glosses: assistance; help given
assisting
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɪstɪŋ/
Forms: form: more assisting
form: most assisting
Senses: examples: text: In the meantime, he plainly perceived that she would not stoop to be directly assisting to his views on Laura.
ref: 1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 105:
glosses: Helpful; auxiliary (to).
Derived terms: unassisting
joints
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /d͡ʒɔɪnts/
rhymes: -ɔɪnts
Senses: glosses: plural of joint
joints
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /d͡ʒɔɪnts/
rhymes: -ɔɪnts
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of joint
sizes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪzɪz/
rhymes: -aɪzɪz
Senses: glosses: plural of size
sizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪzɪz/
rhymes: -aɪzɪz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of size
transferring
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of transfer
transferring
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: transferrings
Senses: glosses: The act by which something is transferred; a transfer.
scaled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /skeɪld/
rhymes: -eɪld
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of scale
scaled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /skeɪld/
rhymes: -eɪld
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Covered with scales or scale-like structures.
examples: text: scaled herring
glosses: Without scales, or with the scales removed.
Synonyms: sense: covered with scales
word: scaly
word: squamous
word: scaly
sense: without scales
word: esquamulose
sense: without scales
word: scaleless
sense: with the scales removed
word: descaled
Hyponyms: cosmically-scaled
Derived terms: saw-scaled viper
scaled copy
scaled dove
scaled quail
scaled question
scaled up
small-scaled snake
blotted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more blotted
form: most blotted
Senses: glosses: Containing blots
Derived terms: electroblotted
unblotted
blotted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: Elsewhere is pain in looking back on the blotted page misnamed Experience . But not so here . While the birds are singing , above and around , the sunshine sparkles on the flowing water , and all the outward things are happy ...
ref: 1861, Macphail's Edinburgh ecclesiastical journal and literary review, volumes 29-30, →OCLC, page 140:
glosses: simple past and past participle of blot
flats
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -æts
Senses: glosses: plural of flat
flats
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -æts
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of flat
devouring
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of devour
devouring
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: devourings
Senses: examples: text: But like all the other symbolic devourings in the novel, this one too brings its revelation.
ref: 1982, Frederick Asals, Flannery O'Connor, the Imagination of Extremity, page 189:
glosses: The act by which something is devoured.
Related terms: omnivorousness
voraciousness
clapping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklæpɪŋ/
rhymes: -æpɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English clappynge; equivalent to clap + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of clap
clapping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklæpɪŋ/
rhymes: -æpɪŋ
Forms: form: clappings
Etymology: From Middle English clappynge; equivalent to clap + -ing.
Senses: glosses: The action by which someone or something claps.
Derived terms: clapping game
handclapping
conjured
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of conjure
grinning
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɪnɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɪnɪŋ
Senses: examples: text: I’m grinning because someone told me a joke.
glosses: present participle and gerund of grin
grinning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɪnɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɪnɪŋ
Forms: form: grinnings
Senses: examples: text: The agitations resembled the grinnings and writhings of a galvanized corpse, not the struggles of an athletic man.
ref: 1835, Thomas Babington Macaulay, History (essay in the Edinburgh Review)
glosses: The act or expression of one who grins.
Dawida
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: an indigenous people of Kenya
Dawida
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: the language of this people
Synonyms: Taita
deerhound
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deerhounds
Etymology: From Middle English *deerhound, *deerehund, from Old English *dēorhund (attested in hēahdēorhund (“stag-hound, deer-hound, a dog for hunting great game”)), equivalent to deer + hound.
Senses: glosses: a dog, rather like a large greyhound, originally bred in Scotland for hunting deer
Hellenisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Hellenisations
form: Hellenization
Senses: glosses: The adoption of Greek manners and culture
glosses: The act of causing a culture to become Greek
examples: text: The practice of divination using mirrors was called Catoptromancy, a name derived from the Greek word katroptron, which means “mirror”, or “reflection”; [emphasis added]
ref: 2007, Miranda Anderson, editor, The Book of the Mirror: An Interdisciplinary Collection Exploring the Cultural History of the Mirror, Scholars Press, →ISBN, page 32:
text: Antes (402) German:[…]Humanistic Hellenization of Blume, literally ‘flower’, with reference to the Greek vocabulary word anthos ‘flower’.
ref: 2003, Patrick Hanks, editor, Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 44, column 2:
glosses: The act of Hellenizing, making something Greek or Hellenistic in form or character, (cf. Latinize) such as by coining a word with Greek roots to express a concept that otherwise might be expressed in modern vernacular
Synonyms: Greekification
lurking
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of lurk
lurking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lurkings
Senses: examples: text: In these hunting scenes, as many critics have noted, the reversals, negotiations, lurkings, and evasions between hunter and prey mirror and frame the bedroom strategies of the Lady and Gawain.
ref: 2011, Christine Chism, Alliterative Revivals, page 99:
glosses: The act of one who lurks.
Derived terms: lurkingly
lurkingness
photolurking
mending
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of mend
mending
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mendings
Senses: examples: text: This road though frequently repaired had been nevertheless but little the better for the frequent mendings[…]
ref: 1844, Edmund Leahy, A Practical Treatise on Making and Repairing Roads, page 133:
glosses: The act by which something is mended or repaired.
Derived terms: fence-mending
roadmending
overturned
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overturn
Hellenization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Hellenizations
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Hellenisation.
grinned
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹɪnd/
rhymes: -ɪnd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of grin
outlines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of outline
outlines
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of outline
de haut en bas
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /dəˌ(h)əʊtɒnˈba/
Etymology: Borrowed from French de haut en bas (“from on high to low”).
Senses: examples: text: The landlady looked at him de haut en bas, rather pitying, and at the same time, resenting his clear, fierce morality.
ref: 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 4, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:
text: Thomas initially took a de haut en bas attitude to Nazism, expecting it to be a flash in the pan.
ref: 2016 April, Stoddard Martin, Literary Review, page 19:
glosses: With condescension; superciliously. Also used attributively.