cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
graze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹeɪz/
homophone: grays
homophone: greys
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: grazes
Etymology: From Old English grasian (“to feed on grass”), from græs (“grass”).
Senses: glosses: The act of grazing; a scratching or injuring lightly on passing.
glosses: A light abrasion; a slight scratch.
examples: text: If it be sundown, when the herds are returning from their daily graze in the long grass of the jungle, clouds of dust will be marking their track along every approach to the village […]
ref: 1904, Empire Review, volume 6, page 188:
glosses: The act of animals feeding from pasture.
grebe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːb/
rhymes: -iːb
Forms: form: grebes
Etymology: From French grèbe.
Senses: glosses: Any of several waterbirds in the family Podicipedidae of the order Podicipediformes. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.
Synonyms: sense: any of several waterbirds
word: dabchick
Derived terms: Alaotra grebe
black-necked grebe
great crested grebe
horned grebe
Junin grebe
little grebe
pied-billed grebe
red-necked grebe
Slavonian grebe
sungrebe
tippet grebe
greed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːd/
enpr: grēd
rhymes: -iːd
Forms: form: greeds
Etymology: c. 1600. Back-formation from greedy.
Senses: examples: text: His greed was his undoing.
text: […]But when I had bestridden the plank, quoth I to myself, "Thou deserveth all that betideth thee. All this is decreed to me of Allah (whose name be exalted!), to turn me from my greed of gain, whence ariseth all that I endure, for I have wealth galore."
ref: 1885, Richard F. Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 564:
text: Your market gardener is not a well-breeched man, dependant as he is on the imponderables of glut, the inequities of distribution, and the greeds of wholesaler and retailer.
ref: 1954, Thomas Firbank, Log Hut, page 194:
text: She does not display voracities and greeds like a number of patients […] nor has she shown any significant tendency to possessiveness, grievance, paranoia, or mania.
ref: 1973, Oliver Sacks, Awakenings:
text: The point is, ladies and gentleman, that greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right, greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms; greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge has marked the upward surge of mankind.
ref: 1987, Stanley Weiser, Oliver Stone, Wall Street (motion picture), spoken by Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas):
synonyms: avarice
covetousness
greediness
rapacity
gluttony
glosses: A selfish or excessive desire for more than is needed or deserved, especially of money, wealth, food, or other possessions.
Synonyms: word: avarice
word: covetise
word: covetousness
word: cupidity
word: greed
word: greediness
word: Mammon
word: rapacity
Derived terms: antigreed
goldgreed
greedfest
greedflation
greedful
greedhead
greedily
greediness
greedless
greedmeister
greedsome
greedy
overgreed
Related terms: word: envy
word: glutton
word: greedy
word: voracious
greed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːd/
enpr: grēd
rhymes: -iːd
Forms: form: greeds
form: greeding
form: greeded
form: greeded
Etymology: c. 1600. Back-formation from greedy.
Senses: examples: text: The ravens sit greeding, / And watching, and heeding: / Thoro' wind, over water, / Comes scent of the slaughter, / And ravens sit greeding / Their share of the bones.
ref: 1848, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter XI, in Harold, the Last of the Saxon Kings; […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, book XI (The Norman Schemer, and the Norwegian Sea-king), page 218:
text: Hearing these words he arose, because indeed he greeded for her, and came up behind her as she rested upon her elbows and knees and bending in hand his prickle nailed it into her coynte and did manly devoir.
ref: 1885, Sir Richard Francis Burton, A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights:
text: This conniving bastard has greeded the farm off an old man and I end up with nothing.
ref: 2008, Leonard Warwick, The Unspoken, page 284:
glosses: To desire in a greedy manner, or to act on such a desire.
greet
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: more greet
form: most greet
Etymology: From Middle English greet, grete (“great”).
Senses: qualifier: obsolete outside Scotland
glosses: Great.
greet
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: greets
form: greeting
form: greeted
form: greeted
form: grat
form: grat
form: grutten
form: grutten
Etymology: From a blend of two Old English verbs, grētan, grǣtan (itself from Proto-West Germanic *grātan); and of Old English grēotan (itself from *greutan), both meaning "to weep, lament".
Possibly reinforced in Northern England and Scotland by Old Norse gráta, whence also Danish græde, Norwegian gråte, Swedish gråta, all meaning "to cry, to weep".
Senses: examples: text: And damn't! if he didn't take down her bit things and scone her so sore she grat like a bairn [...].
ref: 1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 312:
text: My maw went potty and started greeting.
ref: 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 2:
synonyms: word: beweep
word: burst into tears
word: cry
word: cry one's eyes out
word: greet
word: shed a tear
word: shed tears
word: squirt some
word: wail
word: weep
glosses: To weep; to cry.
Related terms: regret
greet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Etymology: From a blend of two Old English verbs, grētan, grǣtan (itself from Proto-West Germanic *grātan); and of Old English grēotan (itself from *greutan), both meaning "to weep, lament".
Possibly reinforced in Northern England and Scotland by Old Norse gráta, whence also Danish græde, Norwegian gråte, Swedish gråta, all meaning "to cry, to weep".
Senses: glosses: Mourning, weeping, lamentation.
grief
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːf/
rhymes: -iːf
Forms: form: griefs
form: grieves
form: greefe
form: griefe
Etymology: From Middle English greef, gref, from Old French grief (“grave, heavy, grievous, sad”), from Latin gravis (“heavy, grievous, sad”). Doublet of grave.
Senses: examples: text: The neighbour's teenage give me grief every time they see me.
synonyms: word: difficulty
word: trouble
word: anguish
word: rend
word: difficulty
word: distress
word: grief
word: hardship
word: pain
word: smart
word: torment
word: torture
word: trouble
glosses: Suffering, hardship.
examples: text: She was worn out from so much grief.
text: The betrayal caused Jeff grief.
text: And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of griefe, there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to foreſtand with good government their folowing yl fortunes; […]
ref: 1576, George Whetstone, “The Ortchard of Repentance: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 291:
synonyms: word: dejection
word: misery
word: blueness
word: mirthless
word: blues
word: crestfallenness
word: dejection
word: depression
word: despondency
word: distress
word: dolefulness
word: downheartedness
word: drearihead
word: forlornness
word: grief
word: heartsore
word: ill-being
word: infelicity
word: melancholia
word: melancholy
word: misery
word: mishappiness
word: mourn
word: prosternation
word: regret
word: rue
word: ruth
word: sadness
word: sorrow
word: sorrowfulness
word: tristfulness
word: undelight
word: unhappiness
word: woe
word: woefare
word: wretchedness
glosses: Emotional pain, generally arising from misfortune, significant personal loss, bereavement, misconduct of oneself or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.
examples: text: Surely, he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 53:4:
synonyms: word: hardship
word: sorrow
word: affliction
word: aggrievance
word: distress
word: grief
word: grievance
word: hardship
word: misery
word: ruth
word: sadness
word: sorrow
word: undelight
word: vexation
word: woe
word: wrong
glosses: A cause or instance of sorrow or pain; that which afflicts or distresses; a trial.
Derived terms: climate grief
come to grief
eco-grief
ecological grief
give someone grief
good grief
grief counselor
griefful
grief knot
griefless
grieflike
griefsome
grief-stricken
grief-struck
grief tech
grief technology
grief tourist
griefwork
griefy
heartgrief
spleef
ungrief
grief
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹiːf/
rhymes: -iːf
Forms: form: griefs
form: griefing
form: griefed
form: griefed
form: greefe
form: griefe
Etymology: From Middle English greef, gref, from Old French grief (“grave, heavy, grievous, sad”), from Latin gravis (“heavy, grievous, sad”). Doublet of grave.
Senses: examples: text: While ban and his pals stand squarely in this tradition, they also stand for something new: the rise of organized griefing, grounded in online message-board communities and thick with in-jokes, code words, taboos, and an increasingly articulate sense of purpose. No longer just an isolated pathology, griefing has developed a full-fledged culture.
ref: 2008 January 18, Julian Dibbell, “Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World”, in Wired:
topics: games
gaming
synonyms: word: badger
word: bait
word: bedevil
word: beleaguer
word: persecute
word: bug
word: beset
word: chevy
word: give someone grief
word: harass
word: harry
word: hound
word: pester
word: pick at
word: plague
word: vex
word: afflict
word: aggrieve
word: plague
word: atray
word: cag
word: distress
word: engrieve
word: grame
word: harass
word: harrow
word: harry
word: torment
word: trouble
word: vex
word: rend
word: wring
glosses: To deliberately harass and annoy or cause grief to other players of a game in order to interfere with their enjoyment of it; especially, to do this as one’s primary activity in the game, and especially by exploiting game mechanics without using cheats to do so, often through acts of destruction or vandalism.
Related terms: grievance
grieve
grievous
grimace
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/
ipa: /ɡɹɪˈmeɪs/
enpr: grĭm'-əs
enpr: grĭ-mās'
ipa: /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/
ipa: /ɡɹɪˈmeɪs/
enpr: grĭm'-əs
enpr: grĭ-mās'
rhymes: -eɪs
Forms: form: grimaces
Etymology: From French grimace, from Middle French grimace, from Old French grimace, grimuche, from grime (“mask”) (with the pejorative suffix -ace, from Latin -āceus), from Frankish *grīma, *grīmō (“mask”), from Proto-Germanic *grīmô (“mask, helmet”). Cognate with Old English grīma (“mask, visor, helmet, spectre, apparition”). More at grime.
Senses: examples: text: Her face was twisted in a grimace of disgust.
text: I trundle off to bed, eyes brimming, face twisted into a grateful glistening grimace, and awaken the next day wondering what all the fuss was about.
ref: 2005 March, Opera News:
glosses: A contorted facial expression, often expressing contempt or pain.
examples: text: Zeluco considered all this as mere affectation and grimace, and was convinced that she would, in due time, unfold the particular mode in which she wished to be indemnified […].
ref: 1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 105:
text: Charlotte was equally insensible to all his fashionable grimace, and indifferent to his conversation.
ref: 1790, Helen Maria Williams, Julia, Routledge, published 2016, page 21:
glosses: Affectation, pretence.
Derived terms: grimacey
grimace
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/
ipa: /ɡɹɪˈmeɪs/
enpr: grĭm'-əs
enpr: grĭ-mās'
ipa: /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/
ipa: /ɡɹɪˈmeɪs/
enpr: grĭm'-əs
enpr: grĭ-mās'
rhymes: -eɪs
Forms: form: grimaces
form: grimacing
form: grimaced
form: grimaced
Etymology: From French grimace, from Middle French grimace, from Old French grimace, grimuche, from grime (“mask”) (with the pejorative suffix -ace, from Latin -āceus), from Frankish *grīma, *grīmō (“mask”), from Proto-Germanic *grīmô (“mask, helmet”). Cognate with Old English grīma (“mask, visor, helmet, spectre, apparition”). More at grime.
Senses: glosses: To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces.
Derived terms: grimacer
grimacingly
Related terms: gurn
grisette
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹɪˈzɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: grisettes
Etymology: Borrowed from French grisette, from gris (“grey”) + -ette, named after the color of the fabric associated with low value or bad quality.
Senses: examples: text: ‘What a fuss is here, indeed, about a little grisette: why, one would think Beresford had carried off an heiress.’
ref: 1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 263:
text: The anticipations of the shopkeeper were realized, and his rooms soon became notorious through the charms of the sprightly grisette.
ref: 1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Mystery of Marie Rogêt:
text: he enjoyed the immense luxury not only of lovemaking but also of sleeping and drowsing beside this gentle and composed and somewhat melancholy woman, who was not a fille de joie in the professional sense but more like a grisette.
ref: 1983, Lawrence Durrell, Sebastian (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 1015:
related: word: grizette
glosses: A (chiefly French) girl or young married woman of the lower class; especially, a young working-class woman of perceived easy morals.
glosses: The grisette amanita (Amanita vaginata), an edible mushroom in the amanita family.
examples: text: Oral accounts of those who remember the old grisettes say they were low-alcohol, light-bodied, saison-like golden ales of no great distinction.
ref: 2004, Phil Markowski, Farmhouse Ales: Culture and Craftsmanship in the European Tradition, Brewers Publications, →ISBN:
text: She talked animatedly, with her hands, and her excitement about something as boring as the differences between a saison and a grisette was contagious.
ref: 2018, Suzanne Baltsar, Trouble Brewing, Gallery Books, →ISBN, pages 20–21:
text: Largely grounded in European classics, the ever-changing roster of taps cycles through grisettes, altbiers, kölsches, and saisons, but also trots out “beastly” concoctions like Imperial IPAs as well.
ref: 2019, Douglas Trattner, Moon Cleveland, Avalon Travel, →ISBN:
glosses: A variety of low-alcohol beer that is light in body, with a noticeable tartness similar to other farmhouse ales.
Derived terms: grisettish
gritty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɪti/
rhymes: -ɪti
Forms: form: grittier
form: grittiest
Etymology: From grit + -y.
Senses: glosses: Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.
examples: text: That goth woman is very gritty.
text: The runt was the grittiest pup of all; for days he writhed out of one convulsion into the next—calmed from one only to go through it all over again.
ref: 1944, Emily Carr, “Poison”, in The House of All Sorts:
glosses: Spirited; resolute; unyielding.
topics: broadcasting
film
literature
media
publishing
television
glosses: Intense and starkly realistic; depicting harsh reality, especially violence.
Derived terms: grittily
grittiness
nitty-gritty
ungritty
gubernation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: gubernations
Senses: glosses: The act of governing; government.
Related terms: gubernatorial
guise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡaɪz/
homophone: guys
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: guises
Etymology: From Middle English guise, gise, gyse, from Old French guisse, guise, vise (“guise, manner, way”), from Old Frankish *wīsa (“manner, way, fashion”), from Proto-Germanic *wīsǭ (“manner, way”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, view, behold, perceive”). Cognate with Old High German wīsa (“way, manner”), Old English wīse (“way, manner”), Dutch wijze (“way, manner”). More at wise.
Senses: examples: 1924, Aristotle. Metaphysics. Translated by W. D. Ross. Nashotah, Wisconsin, USA: The Classical Library, 2001. Aristotle. Metaphysics. Book 1, Part 5.
dialecticians and sophists assume the same guise as the philosopher
glosses: A customary way of speaking or acting; a fashion, a manner, a practice (often used formerly in such phrases as "at his own guise"; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself.)
glosses: An external appearance in manner or dress; an appropriate indication or expression; a garb; a shape.
examples: text: Under the guise of patriotism
text: Ought we be concerned that our rights to protest are being continually eroded under the guise of enhancing our safety?
ref: 2013 September 13, Russell Brand, The Guardian:
text: This was almost like a behind-closed-doors pre-season friendly in an international guise so it comes as no surprise that England lacked the sort of sharpness and inspiration that would have come with more match practice.
ref: 2020 September 5, Phil McNulty, “Iceland 0-1 England”, in BBC Sport:
text: But in the blink of an eye, you kissed me goodbye
And the taste of your lips left me mortified
They were cold, full of spite
And under a guise
You promised we'd both be dead that night
ref: 2022, Vane, “Six Feet Under”:
glosses: A misleading appearance; a cover, a cloak.
Synonyms: sense: customary way of acting
word: conduct
word: air
word: appearance
word: aspect
word: bearing
word: demeanor
word: deportment
word: garb
word: guise
word: hue
word: likeness
word: look
word: manner
word: mien
Hyponyms: word: beauty
word: magnificence
word: ugliness
Meronyms: word: attitude
word: behavior
word: body language
word: carriage
word: fashion
word: favor
word: port
word: posture
word: practice
word: presence
word: poise
word: stance
word: clothing
word: dress
word: countenance
word: expression
word: facial expression
word: feature
word: lineament
word: figure
word: form
word: line
word: physique
word: shape
word: characteristic
word: trait
word: character
word: nature
word: personality
word: temperament
word: turn
Derived terms: aguise
Related terms: word: disguise
word: bodyism
guise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡaɪz/
homophone: guys
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: guises
form: guising
form: guised
form: guised
Etymology: From Middle English guise, gise, gyse, from Old French guisse, guise, vise (“guise, manner, way”), from Old Frankish *wīsa (“manner, way, fashion”), from Proto-Germanic *wīsǭ (“manner, way”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, view, behold, perceive”). Cognate with Old High German wīsa (“way, manner”), Old English wīse (“way, manner”), Dutch wijze (“way, manner”). More at wise.
Senses: glosses: To dress.
glosses: To act as a guiser; to go dressed up in a parade etc.
guise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡaɪz/
homophone: guys
rhymes: -aɪz
Senses: examples: Sup guise? — What's up, guys?
glosses: Deliberate misspelling of guys.
Synonyms: word: air
word: appearance
word: aspect
word: bearing
word: demeanor
word: deportment
word: garb
word: guise
word: hue
word: likeness
word: look
word: manner
word: mien
Hyponyms: word: beauty
word: magnificence
word: ugliness
Meronyms: word: attitude
word: behavior
word: body language
word: carriage
word: fashion
word: favor
word: port
word: posture
word: practice
word: presence
word: poise
word: stance
word: clothing
word: dress
word: countenance
word: expression
word: facial expression
word: feature
word: lineament
word: figure
word: form
word: line
word: physique
word: shape
word: characteristic
word: trait
word: character
word: nature
word: personality
word: temperament
word: turn
Related terms: word: bodyism
gustation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: gustations
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin gustatio, gustationis.
Senses: examples: text: The organ of gustation is not, therefore, restricted to the production of that sense, but participates in the sense of touch.
ref: 1841, Robley Dunglison, Human Physiology, page 109:
glosses: The act of tasting.
glosses: The ability to taste flavors; the sense of taste.
Synonyms: word: gust
word: gustation
word: taste
Hypernyms: word: sense
Derived terms: pregustation
Related terms: word: gustatory
word: palate
word: tooth
habilitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: habilitations
Etymology: From Latin habilitatio, from Latin habilitāre.
Senses: examples: text: For the things which we formerly have spoken of, are but habilitation arms: and what is habilitation without intention and act?
ref: 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
glosses: Equipment; qualification.
glosses: An act of habilitating.
examples: text: At this same time Gadamer was at work on his habilitation with Heidegger. His habilitation, Plato's Dialectical Ethics, concerned Plato's understanding of the good, and its two leading concepts were dialogue and dialectic.
ref: 1994, Robert J. Dostal, “The Experience of Truth for Gadamer and Heidegger: Taking Time and Sudden Lightning”, in Brice Wachterhauser, editor, Hermeneutics and Truth, page 60:
text: For one year it had been occupied by Otfried Müller, a priest from Silesia, who was trying simultaneously to advance the work for his habilitation—truly a difficult undertaking, considering the demands of teaching two core theological courses.
ref: 1998, Joseph Ratzinger, Milestones: Memoirs, 1927-1977, unnumbered page:
text: In 1892 his^([Kazimierz Twardowski's]) dissertation on Descartes, Idee und Perception, appeared and was followed in 1894 by his habilitation thesis, Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen.
ref: 1999, Robin D. Rollinger, Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano, page 139:
text: In the period from 1803 to 1932 as a whole, professors of law were on average the youngest to complete their Habilitation (28.5 years), trailed by theologians (29.8 years) and natural scientists (29.8 years).
ref: 2010, Peter Meusburger, Thomas Schuch, “From Mediocrity and Existential Crisis to Scientific Excellence: Heidelberg University Between 1803 and 1932”, in Peter Meusburger, David N. Livingstone, Heike Jöns, editors, Geographies of Science, page 79:
glosses: An academic qualification, prerequiring a PhD, required in order to gain tenure as a professor in some European universities; a thesis or dissertation presented to achieve the qualification.
glosses: The act of supplying money to work a mine.
Related terms: privatdozent
habitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhæb.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌhæb.ɪˈtæɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: habitations
Etymology: Borrowed from Louisiana French habitation.
Senses: glosses: A farm, ranch or plantation.
habituation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /həˌbɪt.juˈeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /həˌbɪt͡ʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /həˌbɪt͡ʃ.ʊˈeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: habituations
Etymology: From Middle English habituacioun, from Medieval Latin habituātio.
Senses: examples: text: Cultivating it on a regular basis improves our attitude towards writing and makes us more resilient. But in order to make it work we have to 'unadapt' to the habituation that familiarity can bring, […]
ref: 2017, Michael Alvear, The Bulletproof Author:
glosses: The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.
examples: text: Habituation and dishabituation allow for experience-dependent tuning of these reflexes and the mechanisms underlying these forms of behavioral plasticity involve changes in transmitter release from the sensory to motor neuron synapses through homosynaptic depression and the serotonin-mediated recovery from depression, respectively.
ref: 2015 August 29, “Decline in the Recovery from Synaptic Depression in Heavier Aplysia Results from Decreased Serotonin-Induced Novel PKC Activation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: The process of becoming accustomed to an internal or external stimulus, such as a noxious smell or loud noise.
Derived terms: dishabituation
rehabituation
Related terms: habituate
hag
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hæɡ/
rhymes: -æɡ
Forms: form: hags
Etymology: From Middle English hag (denoting a gap in a cliff), from Old Norse hǫgg (“cut, gap, breach”), derivative of hǫggva (“to hack, hew”). Compare English hew, Old Swedish hug (“blow, stroke”).
Senses: examples: text: This said, he led me over hoults and hags; / Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew
ref: 1845, Edward Fairfax (tr.), Godfrey of Bulloigne; or, The Recovery of Jerusalem: Done into English Heroical Verse, page 168:
glosses: A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or enclosed for felling, or which has been felled.
examples: text: And they likewise ordained […] that all the warp should be thrown into the Common wayes, to fill up haggs and lakes, where need was, upon a great penalty, where it should ly neer the Common rode.
ref: 1662, Sir William Dugdale, The History of Imbanking and Drayning of Divers Fenns and Marshes, page 292:
text: […] upon wet brae-sides, peat-haggs, and flow-mosses, […]
ref: 1818 July 25, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter XI, in Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 312:
text: The uplands are generally mossy, resting on clay of a yellow colour, covered by moss of various depths, which often break into what are called hags, or flow-moss.
ref: 1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Ayr, Bute, page 107:
text: […] I had made sure to find him in the hag o' Coars-Neuk Moor, […]
ref: 1868, James Salmon, Gowodean, page 49:
text: The strongest nag that crosses th' hagg / Wi wots ta Fullod mill.
ref: 1882, Joseph Senior, Smithy Rhymes and Stithy Chimes, Or, the Short and Simple Annals of the Poor, page 46:
text: […] the murky flag / Flaps on Turftennant's rushy hag."
ref: 1898, Charles Spence, From the Braes of the Carse: Poems and Songs by the Late Charles Spence, page 189:
text: The shallow slow-running groughs fed the hag with a trickle of coppery water.
ref: 2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 101:
text: The winter snow has collected amongst the eroded peat hags and is being actively reshaped into deep dunes and linear ripples by the strong winds whipping across the summit ridge. In the winter light, large sandblasted granite tors, sugar-coated with ice, stand out[…]
ref: 2023 October 12, Mike Billett, Peat and Whisky: The Unbreakable Bond, Saraband, →ISBN:
glosses: A marshy hollow, especially an area of peat lying lower than surrounding moorland, formed by erosion of a gully or cutting and often having steep edges.
Derived terms: moss-hag
Related terms: grough
hag
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /hæɡ/
rhymes: -æɡ
Forms: form: hags
form: hagging
form: hagged
form: hagged
Etymology: From Middle English hag (denoting a gap in a cliff), from Old Norse hǫgg (“cut, gap, breach”), derivative of hǫggva (“to hack, hew”). Compare English hew, Old Swedish hug (“blow, stroke”).
Senses: examples: text: hag […] is that part in mosses which is naturally or artificially cut, hollowed, hagged, or hacked; naturally by water runlets forming hollows, and artificially by, among other means, the cutting and removal of peat.
ref: 1874, Notes and Queries, page 253:
text: Covenanters too met often on our moss-hagged moors.
ref: 1956, Scotland's Magazine, volume 52, page 39:
text: […] on one occasion, where the bog had been cut away, a stump was discovered which bore evident marks of having been hagged [hacked].
ref: 1990, Angélique Day, Patrick McWilliams, Ordnance Survey Memoirs of Ireland: Co. Antrim VIII-IX, page 5
text: Crowberry is particularly abundant on hagged peat and in cotton grass mires; it prefers drier ground, […]
ref: 2024, Peter Hadden, Iain Chisholm, A Very British Journey:
glosses: To cut or erode (as) a hag (a hollow into moorland).
hag
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /hæɡ/
rhymes: -æɡ
Forms: form: hags
form: hagging
form: hagged
form: hagged
Etymology: From Middle English haggen, from Proto-Germanic *hag(g)ōnan (compare obsolete Dutch hagen (“to torment, agonize”), Norwegian haga (“to tire, weaken”)).
Senses: examples: text: How are Superstitious Men Hagg'd Out of their Wits and Senses, with the Fancy of Omens, Forebodings, Old Wives Tales, and Visions
ref: 1692, Roger L'Estrange (tr.), Fables of Aesop and Other Eminent Mythologists: with Morals and Reflexions, page 149:
glosses: To harass; to weary with vexation.
Related terms: english: etymologically unrelated
translation: etymologically unrelated
word: hag do
hairless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛələs/
ipa: /ˈhɛɹləs/
ipa: /hɛɚləs/
ipa: /ˈheːləs/
note: New Zealand, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈhiələs/
note: without the cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈheələs/
ipa: /ˈheɹləs/
note: Lancashire, fair–fur merger
ipa: /ˈhɜː(ɹ)ləs/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)ləs
Etymology: From hair + -less.
Senses: glosses: Destitute of hair.
examples: text: There has never been a bald James Bond nor a hairless contestant on Love Island. Growing up, bald men were never the superheroes and always the villains.
ref: 2021 March 14, Michael Segalov, “It can leave your self-image fractured”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Bald.
Synonyms: glabrous
Derived terms: hairlessly
hairlessness
macrohairless
hairless
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛələs/
ipa: /ˈhɛɹləs/
ipa: /hɛɚləs/
ipa: /ˈheːləs/
note: New Zealand, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈhiələs/
note: without the cheer–chair merger
ipa: /ˈheələs/
ipa: /ˈheɹləs/
note: Lancashire, fair–fur merger
ipa: /ˈhɜː(ɹ)ləs/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)ləs
Forms: form: hairlesses
Etymology: From hair + -less.
Senses: examples: text: Boston terriers and bulldogs, poodles and Pomeranians; there was even a pair of Mexican hairlesses, who looked like they'd had thirty rounds of chemotherapy.
ref: 2012, Marieke Hardy, Michaela McGuire, Sincerely: Women of Letters:
glosses: An animal of a hairless breed.
Derived terms: Mexican hairless
hake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /heɪk/
rhymes: -eɪk
Forms: form: hakes
Etymology: From Middle English *hake, from Old English hæca, haca (“hook, bolt, door-fastening, bar”), from Proto-West Germanic *hakō, from Proto-Germanic *hakô (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook”). Related to hook.
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch haak (“hook”), German Haken (“hook”), Danish hage (“hook”), Swedish hake (“hook”), Icelandic haki (“hook”), Hittite [Term?] (/⁠kagas⁠/, “tooth”), Middle Irish chaing (“weapons rack”), Lithuanian kéngė (“hook, latch”), Russian ко́готь (kógotʹ, “claw”).
Senses: qualifier: Now chiefly dialectal
glosses: A hook; a pot-hook.
qualifier: Now chiefly dialectal
glosses: A kind of weapon; a pike.
qualifier: Now chiefly dialectal
glosses: (in the plural) The draught-irons of a plough.
hake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /heɪk/
rhymes: -eɪk
Forms: form: hakes
form: hake
form: haak
Etymology: From Middle English hake, probably a shortened form (due to North Germanic influence) of English dialectal haked (“pike”). Compare Norwegian hakefisk (“trout, salmon”), Middle Low German haken (“kipper”). More at haked.
Senses: examples: text: Hake is an expensive fish—and is also very vulnerable to damage by mis-handling.
ref: 1964 October, P. Baxter, “Fleetwood is sceptical of BR's fish train plan”, in Modern Railways, page 255:
text: Off the United States, the National Marine Fisheries Service is helping industry explore fisheries for deep shrimp, rattails, chimeras, orange roughy, smoothheads, slackjaw eels, blue hake, skates and dogfish, which the National Fisheries Institute, an industry group, in an effort to improve their marketability, has renamed cape shark.
ref: 1995 December 26, William J. Broad, “Creatures of the Deep Find Their Way to the Table”, in The New York Times:
glosses: One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merluccius, and allies.
Synonyms: codling
squirrel hake
Hyponyms: sense: gadoid fish
taxonomic: Merluccius merluccius
word: European hake
sense: gadoid fish
word: American silver hake
sense: gadoid fish
taxonomic: Merluccius bilinearis
word: whiting
sense: gadoid fish
word: Phycis chuss
sense: gadoid fish
word: Phycis tenius
sense: gadoid fish
word: red hake
sense: gadoid fish
word: silver hake
Derived terms: hakelike
hake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /heɪk/
rhymes: -eɪk
Forms: form: hakes
Senses: examples: text: The clay is taken direct from the bank and made into brick the right temper to place direct from the Machine in the hake on the yard. … take the brick direct from the Machine and put them in the hake to dry.
ref: 1882, P. L. Sword & Son, Sword's Improved Patent Brick Machine, in the Adrian City Directories
glosses: A drying shed, as for unburned tile.
hale
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /heɪl/
rhymes: -eɪl
homophone: hail
Forms: form: haler
form: halest
Etymology: From Northern Middle English hal, hale, variants of hole (“healthy; safe; whole”) (whence whole), from Old English hāl, from Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole; entire; healthy”). See whole for more.
Senses: examples: text: His stomach too begins to fail: / Last year we thought him strong and hale; / But now he's quite another thing: / I wish he may hold out till spring!
ref: 1731 November (date written; published 1739), Jonathan Swift, “On the Death of Dr. Swift”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume VIII, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 126:
text: "Good morrow to thee, jolly fellow," quoth Robin, "thou seemest happy this merry morn." / "Ay, that am I," quoth the jolly Butcher, "and why should I not be so? Am I not hale in wind and limb? Have I not the bonniest lass in all Nottinghamshire? And lastly, am I not to be married to her on Thursday next in sweet Locksley Town?"
ref: 1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:
antonyms: unhale
glosses: Sound, entire, healthy; robust, not impaired.
Derived terms: haleness
halesome
hale
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /heɪl/
rhymes: -eɪl
homophone: hail
Etymology: From Middle English hale, an alteration of hele (“health”) after Etymology 1. Cognate with Scots hale (“health”), German Heil (“salvation, well-being”).
Senses: examples: text: Then let them vale a bonet of their proud ſayle, / And of their taunting toies reſt with il hayle.
ref: c. 1515–1516 (date written; published 1568), John Skelton, “Against Venemous Tongues Enpoysoned with Sclaunder and False Detractions, &c.”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC:
text: Eftſoones all heedleſſe of his deareſt hale, / Full greedily into the heard he thruſt: / To ſlaughter them, and vvorke their finall bale, / Leaſt that his toyle ſhould of their troups be bruſt.
ref: 1595, Ed. Spencer [i.e., Edmund Spenser], “Astrophel. A Pastoral Elegie vpon the Death of the Most Noble and Valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney.”, in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, signature F2, recto:
glosses: Health, welfare.
harm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hɑːm/
ipa: /hɑɹm/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: harms
form: harme
Etymology: From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Danish harme (“indignation, resentment”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”).
Senses: examples: text: No harm came to my possessions.
text: You can do a lot of harm to someone if you kick them in the teeth.
glosses: Physical injury; hurt; damage.
examples: text: Although not physically injured in the car accident, she received some psychological harm.
text: And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes. He said that if you wanted to do anything for them, you must rule them, not pamper them. Soft heartedness caused more harm than good.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: Emotional or figurative hurt.
examples: text: I wish him no harm.
glosses: Detriment; misfortune.
examples: text: We, ignorant of ourselves, / Beg often our own harms.
ref: c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
glosses: That which causes injury, damage, or loss.
harm
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /hɑːm/
ipa: /hɑɹm/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: harms
form: harming
form: harmed
form: harmed
form: harme
Etymology: From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Danish harme (“indignation, resentment”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”).
Senses: examples: text: Will justice and conscience of society not be harmed if people avoid the truth?
ref: 2020 December 16, Yan Ming, “Awakening Moral Conscience”, in Minghui:
glosses: To damage, hurt, or injure something, usually an inanimate object.
Synonyms: word: abuse
word: annoy
word: bewound
word: damage
word: damnify
word: dere
word: do damage to
word: do for
word: do ill
word: do violence to
word: forwork
word: grieve
word: harm
word: harrow
word: hurt
word: injure
word: maul
word: misdo
word: put someone in hospital
word: scaith
word: scathe
word: vulnerate
word: wet
word: wound
Hypernyms: word: do evil
word: inflict
Hyponyms: word: bruise
word: burn
word: contuse
word: cut
word: deface
word: disable
word: do
word: draw blood
word: elt
word: kill
word: reinjure
word: run down
word: scotch
word: scrape
word: scratch
word: stab
word: tear
word: vuln
topics: heraldry
hobbies
nobility
monarchy
politics
government
lifestyle
word: wing
word: wrench
word: wring
Derived terms: sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harmable
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harmdoing
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harmer
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harmful
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harmless
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harmproof
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: nonharm
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: self-harm
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb harm
word: unharmed
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: actual bodily harm
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: do more harm than good
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: do no harm
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: grievous bodily harm
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harm a fly
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harm a hair on someone's head
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harm principle
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harm reduction
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: harm's way
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: no harm done
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: number needed to harm
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: repeated bodily harm
sense: Expressions derived from the noun or verb harm
word: wouldn't harm a fly
Related terms: word: injury
word: harmful
harmonica
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhɑɹˈmɒ.nɪ.kə/
ipa: /ˌhɑɹˈmɑ.nɪ.kə/
Forms: form: harmonicas
Etymology: From armonica. Coined by American polymath and statesman Benjamin Franklin to refer to his glass harmonica, an instrument that predated the small wind instrument by several decades. Doublet of harmonic; compare Latin harmonicus.
Senses: glosses: A musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note.
glosses: A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.
glosses: A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.
Synonyms: word: French harp
word: gob iron
word: harmonicon
word: Mississippi sax
word: mouth harp
word: mouth organ
word: tin sandwich
Derived terms: glass harmonica
harmonica bug
harmonicaist
harmonicist
Pandean harmonica
harmonization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: harmonizations
form: harmonisation
Etymology: From harmonize + -ation.
Senses: glosses: An act of harmonizing.
Derived terms: reharmonization
hater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈheɪtə(ɹ)/
enpr: hāʹtər
ipa: /ˈheɪtɚ/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: haters
Etymology: From Middle English hatere, equivalent to hate + -er. Compare Old English hetend, hettend (“enemy”, literally “hater”). Cognate with Dutch hater (“hater”), German Hasser, Hässer (“hater”), Danish hader (“hater”), Swedish hatare (“hater”), Icelandic hatari (“hater”).
Senses: examples: text: In addition to the basic charge that Christians were atheists was the charge that they were also haters of mankind.
ref: 1976, Harry R. Boer, A Short History of the Early Church, page 46:
text: My book is not to villainize the villainizers, hate the haters, or to demonize the demonizers.
ref: 2005, Seldon B. Graham Jr., Why Your Gasoline Prices Are High, page X:
glosses: One who hates.
glosses: One who expresses unfounded or inappropriate hatred or dislike, particularly if motivated by envy.
Synonyms: despiser
Derived terms: double hater
haters gonna hate
hatorade
hatress
man-hater
manhater
player hater
Twihater
woman-hater
womanhater
woman hater
hazy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈheɪzi/
rhymes: -eɪzi
Forms: form: hazier
form: haziest
Etymology: From earlier hawsey (1625), a nautical term of uncertain origin. Possibly from Middle English *hasi, *haswy, from Old English haswiġ (“grey; ashen; dusky”), from Old English hasu (“dusky; grey; ashen”), from Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“grey”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂s- (“bright grey”). By surface analysis, haze + -y; although Modern English haze is more likely a back-formation of hazy.
Senses: examples: text: a hazy view of the polluted city street
glosses: Thick or obscured with haze.
examples: text: Furthermore, kymographic pictures are hazy and sometimes distorted, while the pictures obtained by diagraphy are sharp and unobstructed.
ref: 1939, American Review of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases, page 138:
glosses: Not clear or transparent.
examples: text: a hazy argument
text: a hazy intellect
text: If Philip seems less well drawn, "the character who is closest to the author is probably the haziest because the author is not able to see himself with the same clarity."
ref: 1986 October 5, Phillip Lopate, “SEXUAL POLITICS, FAMILY SECRETS”, in The New York Times:
text: The song’s first line is ‘‘Drop out of life with bong in hand,’’ and things only get hazier from there. ‘‘Dopesmoker’’ tells the story of a caravan of ‘‘weed-priests’’ traveling across the ‘‘sand-sea’’ in search of the ‘‘riff-filled land’’ so as to fulfill their ‘‘desert legion smoke-covenant.’’
ref: 2016 January 21, David Rees, “Letter of Recommendation: Sleep, ‘Dopesmoker’”, in The New York Times Magazine:
glosses: Obscure; confused; not clear.
Synonyms: sense: thick with haze
word: hazed
word: nebulous
sense: not clear or transparent
word: blurry
word: fuzzy
word: ill-defined
word: indistinct
sense: obscure, confused
word: ambiguous
word: equivocal
word: vague
Derived terms: hazily
haziness
unhazy
hazy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈheɪzi/
rhymes: -eɪzi
Forms: form: hazies
Etymology: From earlier hawsey (1625), a nautical term of uncertain origin. Possibly from Middle English *hasi, *haswy, from Old English haswiġ (“grey; ashen; dusky”), from Old English hasu (“dusky; grey; ashen”), from Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“grey”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂s- (“bright grey”). By surface analysis, haze + -y; although Modern English haze is more likely a back-formation of hazy.
Senses: examples: text: What hazies do you have on tap?
text: It's the craft beer style that has taken the brewing world, and the Internet, by storm. But what exactly is a hazy?
ref: 2020 June 24, Molly Allen, “Hazy Beer 101: What Goes into That Instagrammable Pint”, in Sip Magazine, archived from the original on 06 May 2021:
text: Hazies are a softer, slinkier IPA that swap the pinecone sharpness of a West Coast IPA for bright citrus. I've heard some drinkers complain that they taste like orange juice—the cloudy appearance means hazies often look like orange juice, too.
ref: 2024, Liz Cook, “Why I Do Not Care What Beer Geeks Think About Hazy IPAs”, in Kansas City Magazine, archived from the original on 19 Jun 2024:
glosses: A variety of beer (typically a pale ale, India pale ale, or double India pale ale) golden in color with softer mouthfeel, and sweeter taste than its non-hazy counterpart.
heap
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: hēp
ipa: /hiːp/
enpr: hāp
ipa: /heːp/
rhymes: -iːp
Forms: form: heaps
form: heaping
form: heaped
form: heaped
Etymology: From Middle English hepe, from Old English hēap, from Proto-West Germanic *haup, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz (compare Dutch hoop, German Low German Hupen, German Haufen), from Proto-Indo-European *koupos (“hill”) (compare Lithuanian kaũpas, Albanian qipi (“stack”), Avestan 𐬐𐬂𐬟𐬀 (kåfa)).
Senses: examples: text: He heaped the laundry upon the bed and began folding.
glosses: To pile in a heap.
examples: text: Cry a reward, to him who shall first bring
 News of that vanished Arabian,
 A full-heap’d helmet of the purest gold.
ref: 1819, John Keats, Otho the Great, act I, scene II, verses 40-42:
glosses: To form or round into a heap, as in measuring.
examples: text: They heaped praise upon their newest hero.
text: Then, in January, a creeping tsunami of train cancellations, triggered by major staff absences as a result of the aggressive transmissibility of Omicron, heaped further misery on rail users.
ref: 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:
glosses: To supply in great quantity.
Synonyms: sense: pile in a heap
word: amass
word: heap up
word: pile up
Derived terms: word: heapability
word: heapable
word: heap coals of fire on someone's head
word: heaped
word: heaping
word: heap insult on injury
word: heap on
word: heap up
word: overheap
word: upheap