cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
countercyclicity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of countercyclicality.
counterdependent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to counterdependency
counterdependent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: counterdependents
Senses: glosses: A counterdependent person.
counterdependency
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The state of refusal of attachment.
testicondy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: The state of being testicond (Having the testicles naturally concealed within the abdomen)
counterdependence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The state of being counterdependent.
counterdepressive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Countering depression.
counterdoping
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Synonym of antidoping.
synonyms: word: antidoping
counterdowry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: counterdowries
Senses: glosses: A dowry that counters another dowry.
toxicophagous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more toxicophagous
form: most toxicophagous
Etymology: From toxico- + -phagous.
Senses: glosses: Having an addiction to poisonous substances.
Red Rock Island
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Red Rock + island.
Senses: synonyms: Golden Rock
Molate Rock
Red Rock
glosses: A small uninhabited island in the San Francisco Bay, California, United States.
go fig
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of go figure.
LDARs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of LDAR
LDARing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of LDAR
LDARed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of LDAR
oudlers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of oudler
error treatment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Pertains to how instructors handle mistakes made by learners while acquiring a second language.
good-day
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: examples: text: “The damage and waste question shall be settled first. It shall be made to pay; don’t you be afraid. Good-day, Miss Jenny.” / “Good-day, young man.”
ref: 1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “A Few Grains of Pepper”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, →OCLC, book the fourth (A Turning), pages 228–229:
text: “[…] Now go and rest and to-morrow try to be on the spot as his Majesty comes in from parade: but I will send you word. Good-day. His Majesty will certainly want to see you,” he added as he bowed him out.
ref: 1886, Léon Tolstoï [i.e., Leo Tolstoy], chapter XV, in Clara Bell, transl., War and Peace: A Historical Novel: […]: Before Tilsit: 1805–1807: Two Volumes, revised and corrected edition, volume I, New York, N.Y.: William S. Gottsberger, publisher […], →OCLC, page 243:
text: “[…] You asked if there is anything we could do for him. Well, I advise you to set him digging post-holes or breaking mustangs. There’s our team ready. Good-day, sir.” And like a puff of wholesome, blustery wind the doctor was off.
ref: 1903 February, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “Hygeia at the Solito”, in Everybody’s Magazine, volume VIII, number 2, New York, N.Y.: John Wanamaker, →ISSN, page 177, column 1:
glosses: Dated form of good day.
Gwithian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Cornish Godhyan.
Senses: glosses: A coastal village in Gwinear-Gwithian parish, west Cornwall, England (OS grid ref SW5841).
frontseat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: frontseats
Senses: examples: text: They were sitting in the frontseat of Mavranos' truck, barreling along at a steady seventy miles per hour north on the 101 out past Oxnard, with the surf a rippling line far away in the darkness on their left.
ref: 1997, Tim Powers, Earthquake Weather, Riverdale, N.Y.: Baen Books, published 2018, →ISBN, page 303:
text: Gradually, the sound of the van comes through his ears and he starts to hear the rudimentary elements of life: the rumble of the van, the sound of wind blowing in through the windows, the sound of people talking—Vlade on his cell phone and the two guys in the frontseats arguing—and the occasional car that has a huge bass system banging outside on the streets.
ref: 2008, Seth Harwood, Jack Wakes Up: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Three Rivers Press, published 2009, →ISBN, pages 156–157:
text: The frontseat windows was still down, so I went ahead and rolled 'em up and waited to see what was gonna happen next.
ref: 2016, Christopher Tabbert, Ghosts of Birch Lake, Wheeling, I.L.: Bristol & Lynden, →ISBN, page 81:
glosses: Rare form of front seat.
frontseats
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of frontseat
front seats
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of front seat
GIBs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of GIB
exegetical neutrality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Maintaining ambiguity in passages that pose legitimate questions for native speakers.
wizzos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of wizzo
Wizzo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Wizzos
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of wizzo.
Wizzos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Wizzo
WSO
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: WSOs
Senses: examples: text: The WSO station had four multipurpose displays, MPDs, including a moving map that could show a TSD—tactical situation display.
ref: 2013, David Lyons, Blood Game: A Jock Boucher Thriller, New York, N.Y. […]: Emily Bestler Books, →ISBN, pages 8–9:
synonyms: W.S.O.
wizzo
weapon system officer
weapon systems officer
weapons systems officer
weapons system officer
glosses: Abbreviation of weapon(s) system(s) officer.
Derived terms: word: wizzo
WSOs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of WSO
foot pace
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: foot paces
Senses: examples: text: He was too angry to say another word; her manner too decided to invite supplication; and in this state of swelling resentment, and mutually deep mortification, they had to continue together a few minutes longer, for the fears of Mr. Woodhouse had confined them to a foot pace.
ref: 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter XV, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 282:
text: There was a sweep of some half mile between the lodge and the house, and he was riding along at a foot pace over the smooth gravel, once Nickits’s, when Mr. Bounderby burst out of the shrubbery, with such violence as to make his horse shy across the road.
ref: 1854, Charles Dickens, “Explosion”, in Hard Times. For These Times, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC, 2nd book (Reaping), page 212:
text: Of course we could only go at a foot pace, so our progress was slow.
ref: 1889 December, H[enry] Rider Haggard, “[Allan’s Wife] The Baboon-Woman”, in Allan’s Wife and Other Tales, London: Spencer Blackett, […], →OCLC, page 121:
glosses: Alternative form of footpace.
foot paces
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of foot pace
foot-paces
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of foot-pace
Pendred
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname.
Derived terms: Pendred disease
Pendred syndrome
accountant's lamp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: accountant's lamps
form: accountants' lamps
Senses: examples: text: Spencer has left the door to his study open. I turn on the green accountant's lamp. A thousand times I have come into this room, but never with the intent of finding something.
ref: 2003, Jodi Picoult, Second Glance, Atria Books export edition, Atria Books, published 2007, →ISBN, page 237:
glosses: Synonym of banker's lamp.
synonyms: word: banker's lamp
accountant's lamps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of accountant's lamp
self-administration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: self-administrations
Senses: glosses: The process of self-administering.
accountants' lamps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of accountant's lamp
inavailability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inavailabilities
Senses: examples: text: Nearly 600 people demonstrated on Wall Street to protest the inavailability of drugs which may help people with AIDS.
ref: 1987 April 11, Kim Westheimer, “NY Protesters Rip FDA”, in Gay Community News, page 1:
glosses: unavailability
Broomhouse
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A western suburb of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NT2071).
glosses: An eastern suburb of Glasgow, City of Glasgow council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NS6762).
anal expulsive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more anal expulsive
form: most anal expulsive
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of anal-expulsive.
mighty dollar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: the mighty dollar
Senses: examples: text: I think filmmakers need to know when they trample on sensitive subject matter, that people are going to react negatively when they portray them negatively and without regard for anything but the mighty dollar.
ref: 1991 April 19, James Piechota, “Basic Instinct=Basic Bashing”, in Gay Community News, page 4:
glosses: Alternative form of almighty dollar.
Boyda
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A surname.
ChatGPT
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From chat + GPT (“generative pre-trained transformer”). First attested in 2022.
Senses: examples: text: Heavy users of ChatGPT tend to be lonelier, more emotionally dependent on the AI tool and have fewer offline social relationships, new research suggests.
ref: 2025 March 25, Rachel Hall, “Heavy ChatGPT users tend to be more lonely, suggests research”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: By Thursday, Ms. Berganza said ChatGPT appeared to have tightened restrictions on what images users were allowed to Ghiblify.
ref: 2025 March 27, Madison Malone Kircher, “People Love Studio Ghibli. But Should They Be Able to Recreate It?”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 Mar 2025:
synonyms: GPT
Chatty G
glosses: A popular chatbot based on a large language model created by OpenAI.
ChatGPT
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ChatGPTs
Etymology: From chat + GPT (“generative pre-trained transformer”). First attested in 2022.
Senses: glosses: Any chatbot or artificial intelligence software.
ChatGPT
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: ChatGPTs
form: ChatGPT's
form: ChatGPTing
form: ChatGPT'ing
form: ChatGPT-ing
form: ChatGPTed
form: ChatGPTed
form: ChatGPT'd
form: ChatGPT'd
form: ChatGPT'ed
form: ChatGPT'ed
Etymology: From chat + GPT (“generative pre-trained transformer”). First attested in 2022.
Senses: examples: text: I ChatGPTed a bedtime story for my son.
text: Coffee shops-cum-meeting-spots dotted across the city are teeming (Equator, Blue Bottle and Saint Frank). Caffeine-fuelled, lactose-intolerant, macadamia milk latte-drinking young folk are journalling, manifesting, coding, ChatGPT-ing and pitching their ideas.
ref: 2023 February 5, Kathryn Parsons, “Boom times are back in San Francisco’s tech mecca”, in The Sunday Times:
text: But she’d been “Chatfished” before, so when the gap between his real and digital selves failed to close on their second date, she called it off. “I’d already been ChatGPT-ed into bed at least once. I didn’t want it to happen again.”
ref: 2025 October 12, Alexandra Jones, quoting Rachel, “‘I realised I’d been ChatGPT-ed into bed’: how ‘Chatfishing’ made finding love on dating apps even weirder”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: To use ChatGPT; to create or generate (something) with the help of ChatGPT.
anal-expulsiveness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From anal-expulsive + -ness.
Senses: coordinate_terms: anal-retentiveness
glosses: The state of being anal-expulsive.
Balkan Egyptian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Balkan Egyptians
Senses: synonyms: Jevg
glosses: A member of an ethnicity living in the Balkans, often mistakingly associated with Roma, claiming Egyptian descent.
Jevg
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Jevgs
Etymology: Borrowed from Albanian jevg.
Senses: glosses: A Balkan Egyptian.
Siero
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A municipality in central Asturias, Spain.
Cojocna
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Cojocna.
Senses: glosses: A village and commune of Cluj County, Romania.
Langreo
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A municipality in central Asturias, Spain.
kweenz
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of kween
Pesoz
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A village in western Asturias, Spain.
return envelope
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: return envelopes
Senses: qualifier: postal
glosses: An envelope which already contains a preprinted address and which can be used to mail something back to the sender.
return envelopes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of return envelope
night-dress
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: night-dresses
Senses: examples: text: Or if, on the contrary, we had taken a fancy for the terrible, and made the lover of the new femme de chambre a professional burglar, who bursts into the house with his band, slaughters black Sambo at the feet of his master, and carries off Amelia in her night-dress, not to be let loose again till the third volume, we should easily have constructed a tale of thrilling interest, through the fiery chapters of which the reader should hurry, panting.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Vauxhall”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 43:
text: “[…] You were very nearly dead to-night, Macumazahn.” / “Very nearly, indeed,” I answered, still panting, and arranging the rags of my night-dress round me as best I might.
ref: 1889 December, H[enry] Rider Haggard, “[Allan’s Wife] Hendrika Plots Evil”, in Allan’s Wife and Other Tales, London: Spencer Blackett, […], →OCLC, page 163:
text: Then, with a nod to his brother and a short word of greeting to the dauphin and to the Duc du Maine, he swung his legs over the side of the bed, and sat in his long silken night-dress, his little white feet dangling from beneath it—a perilous position for any man to assume, were it not that he had so heart-felt a sense of his own dignity that he could not realise that under any circumstances it might be compromised in the eyes of others.
ref: 1893, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “A Monarch in Déshabille”, in The Refugees: A Tale of Two Continents, volume I, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, [part I (In the Old World)], pages 28–29:
glosses: Archaic form of nightdress.
night-dresses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of night-dress
pre-printed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of preprinted.
pre-printed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of pre-print
pre-print
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pre-prints
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of preprint.
pre-print
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: pre-prints
form: pre-printing
form: pre-printed
form: pre-printed
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of preprint.
pre-prints
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pre-print
pre-prints
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle of pre-print
pre-printing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle of pre-print
Collins Green
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A hamlet in Burtonwood and Westbrook parish, Warrington borough, Cheshire, England, historically in Lancashire (OS grid ref SJ5694).
Burtonwood and Westbrook
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A civil parish in Warrington borough, Cheshire, England, which includes the named places.
Burtonwood
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A village in Burtonwood and Westbrook parish, Warrington borough, Cheshire, England (OS grid ref SJ5692).
Santeclaus
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Santeclauses
Senses: glosses: Dated form of Santa Claus.
Santiclaus
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Santiclauses
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Santa Claus.
Santa Klaus
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Santa Klauses
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Santa Claus.
Santaclaus
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Santaclauses
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Santa Claus.
obliterative assimilation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The forgetting of knowledge or obliterative assimilation may be viewed as the gradual and spontaneous dissolution of new ideas from their anchoring ideas.
ref: 1970, Robert Stone Newsom, The Assimilation and Retention of Hierarchically Structured Prose Materials, page 15:
text: This so-called obliterative assimilation contains two kinds of subsumption: a derivative subsumption (i.e., a deductive way of deriving subordinated concepts from superordinate concepts) and a correlative subsumption, which includes learning of new concepts.
ref: 2011, Norbert M. Seel, Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, page 387:
text: We cannot continue simply to assume a humanistic paternalistic empathy with the suffering of "Others" that Hartman characterises as the "obliterative assimilation of empathy" which quickly becomes self-indulgent.
ref: 2020, Elahe Haschemi Yekani, Familial Feeling, page 274:
glosses: The assimilation of new knowledge that causes changes to one's existing mental framework for organizing that knowledge.
obliterative coloration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: obliterative colouration
Etymology: Coined by American artist Gerald Handerson Thayer
Senses: examples: text: We have here, as far as these patterns go, a complete inversion of the regular obliterative coloration.
ref: 1909, Gerald Handerson Thayer, Concealing-coloration in the Animal Kingdom, page 147:
text: The problem with the topic of obliterative coloration is that it is very well accepted despite there being so few empirical tests of the phenomenon.
ref: 2005, Timothy M. Caro, Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals, page 60:
text: Obliterative coloration aims to make animals invisible, while mimicry is deceptive visibility aiming to make the animal appear as something else.
ref: 2011, Matthew Brower, Developing Animals: Wildlife and Early American Photography, page 230:
glosses: The coloration of an animal that makes it blend into the background; camouflage.
obliterative colouration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: There is doubtless something in this theory of obliterative coloration.
ref: 1909, Douglas Dewar, Frank Finn, The Making of Species, page 187:
text: Where several species centre around an abundant successful species whose characteristics are: elusiveness, quickness of flight low to the ground; obliterative colouration; acute vision and wariness, "Dysleptic", (difficult of capture) was suggested by CARPENTER.
ref: 1959, Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society - Volume 13, Issue 3, page 150:
text: In regard to their obliterative colouration, Whistler mentions another trait of the birds : " On the ground their colouration renders these Larks very inconspicuous, and an observer walking along is often astonished at the numbers which rise one by one around him and then fly away in a dense flock from the ground which was apparently empty of life."
ref: 2005, K. N. Dave, Birds in Sanskrit Literature, page 111:
glosses: Alternative form of obliterative coloration.
Cardenases
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Cardenas
Santiclauses
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Santiclaus
Santa Klauses
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Santa Klaus
Santeclauses
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Santeclaus
Santaclauses
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Santaclaus
obliterative procedure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: obliterative procedures
Senses: examples: text: Without attempting to discuss with Binnie the special types of fusiform aneurism in which the reconstruction of an artery is more or less indicated, I will simply state that in the large majority of the reported cases of aneurism of the extremities, and especially of the popliteal and fremoral (which furnish the most crucial test of the efficiency and safety of any radical method) the simple obliterative procedure proved thoroughly satisfactory in accomplishing its purpose without interfering with the vitality of the distal parts.
ref: 1908, Rudolph Matas, “The Statistics of Endoaneurismorrhaphy, or the Radical Cure of Aneurism by Intrasaccular Suture”, in Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 51, number 20, page 1670:
text: The ultimate result of a successful obliterative procedure is that of normal appearing external genitalia, but an obliterated vaginal canal.
ref: 2007, Patrick J. Culligan, Roger P. Goldberg, Urogynecology in Primary Care, page 101:
text: Before certain obliterative procedures, awake patients may undergo Wada testing, in which a barbiturate is selectively injected into each cerebral hemisphere via the internal carotid artery to determine the dominant side for speech and memory.
ref: 2018, Richard D. Urman, Wendy L. Gross, Beverly K. Philip, Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room, page 161:
glosses: A surgical procedure that closes a biological cavity or passageway.
obliterative subsumption
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Forgetting occurs, according to Ausubel, where there is zero dissociability (or obliterative subsumption ) because new learning cannot be distinguished from the old .
ref: 2001, Grahame Hill, A Level Psychology Through Diagrams, page 241:
text: When you consider the fact that at least tens of thousands of neurons are involved in subsumption of a new concept, there are almost unlimited neurological possibilities for varying degrees of subsumption or obliterative subsumption in the course of meaningful learning and later when knowledge is retrieved.
ref: 2010, Joseph Donald Novak, Learning, Creating, and Using Knowledge, page 66:
text: There is a difference between obliterative subsumption that may occur after meaningful learning and forgetting that occurs after rote learning.
ref: 2022, Joseph D. Novak, Helping People Learn:
glosses: The subsumption of new knowledge that causes older knowledge to be forgotten but leaves the mental framework for both the old and new knowledge to be enhanced.
work-ups
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of work-up
metalearners
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metalearner
metallocomplexes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metallocomplex
metallocomposites
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metallocomposite
metalloketyls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metalloketyl
metallotransferases
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metallotransferase
metallproteinases
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metallproteinase
metaregisters
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metaregister
methoxybenzoyls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of methoxybenzoyl
trade off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: trades off
form: trading off
form: traded off
form: traded off
Senses: examples: text: In the entry-level product category, the engineers had to trade off maximal durability for affordable upfront cost.
glosses: To choose (something) in exchange for something else, where having both at once is not an available option.
raw_tags: with for
examples: text: Part of being a competent engineer is knowing how to trade off appropriately among mutually exclusive options, depending on the specified requirements for each design.
glosses: To choose among options, where having them all at once is not an available option.
raw_tags: with between or among
Related terms: word: trade away
word: trade down
word: trade in
word: trade-off
english: deverbal noun
translation: deverbal noun
word: tradeoff
word: trade up
trades off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of trade off
trading off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of trade off
traded off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of trade off
cheapfake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cheapfakes
Etymology: Compound of cheap + fake, modelled after deepfake.
Senses: examples: text: "Cheapfakes" rely on free software that allows manipulation through easy conventional editing techniques like speeding, slowing, and cutting, as well as nontechnical manipulations like restaging or recontextualizing existing footage that are already causing problems.
ref: 2019 June 12, Joan Donovan, Britt Paris, “Beware the Cheapfakes”, in Slate, New York, N.Y.: The Slate Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 Sep 2023:
text: Now that global superpowers are openly sharing cheapfakes on social media, what's to stop them (or any other actor) from deploying more sophisticated visual disinformation as it emerges?
ref: 2020 December 22, Nina Schick, “Don't underestimate the cheapfake”, in MIT Technology Review, Cambridge, M.A.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 04 Jun 2023:
text: Aciman also noted that "cheapfakes" and other manipulated media may still be removed if it violates the platform's other policies around, say, misinformation or hate speech.
ref: 2023 December 18, Vittoria Elliott, “Worried About Political Deepfakes? Beware the Spread of ’Cheapfakes’”, in Wired, San Francisco, Calif.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 Dec 2023:
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
glosses: A fake or misleading piece of media (such as a video clip or image) created using conventional methods, as opposed to AI deep learning algorithms.
Related terms: shallowfake
cheapfakes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cheapfake
shallowfake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shallowfakes
Etymology: Compound of shallow + fake, modelled after deepfake. Coined by AI and human rights researcher Sam Gregory.
Senses: examples: text: The technology industry has a unique opportunity to tackle "deepfakes"—the problem of fake audio and video created using artificial intelligence—before they become a widespread problem, according to human rights campaigner Sam Gregory. ¶ But, he warns, major companies are still a very long way from tackling the pervasive and more damaging issue of cruder "shallowfake" misinformation.
ref: 2019 March 25, Bobbie Johnson, “Deepfakes are solvable—but don't forget that "shallowfakes" are already pervasive”, in MIT Technology Review, Cambridge, M.A.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 04 Dec 2023:
text: Facebook last week banned deepfake videos that are likely to mislead viewers into thinking someone "said words that they did not actually say", in the run-up to the 2020 US election. However, the policy covers only misinformation produced using AI, meaning "shallowfakes" (see below) are still allowed on the platform.
ref: 2020 January 13, Ian Sample, “What are deepfakes – and how can you spot them?”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 25 Dec 2023:
text: Hundreds of articles have focused on these and hypothetical deepfake scenarios and what they mean for the future of video and trust. But despite all this attention, shallowfakes — videos shared with misleading contexts or small edits — are far more widespread and easier to produce.
ref: 2022 August 26, Sam Gregory, “Shallowfakes are rampant: Tools to spot them must be equally accessible”, in The Hill, Washington, D.C.: Nexstar Media Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 23 Mar 2023:
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
glosses: A misleading or slightly edited piece of media (such as a video clip or image) created using conventional methods, as opposed to AI deep learning algorithms.
Related terms: cheapfake
shallowfakes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of shallowfake
log-ins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of log-in
peppermintini
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: peppermintinis
Etymology: Blend of peppermint + martini
Senses: glosses: A kind of martini cocktail made with peppermint.
peppermintinis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of peppermintini
step-offs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of step-off
sm-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of schm-.
cobble-stone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cobble-stones
Senses: examples: text: I walked on a couple of miles through the gloomy old town with houses eighty or a hundred feet high, the narrow sidewalks paved with cobble-stone, the common people taking the middle of the street.
ref: 1851, Andrew Dickinson, “France”, in My First Visit to Europe: or, Sketches of Society, Scenery, and Antiquities, in England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, and France, New York, N.Y.: […] George P[almer] Putnam, […]; London: John Chapman, […], →OCLC, page 157:
text: Between were the cobble-stones of the Rue St. Martin and the clatter of innumerable feet.
ref: 1893, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Man from America”, in The Refugees: A Tale of Two Continents, volume I, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, [part I (In the Old World)], page 1:
text: He talked of diorites, trachytes, of triassic rocks, and calcareous veins till my brain reeled, and he finally left me with the impression that even the cobble-stone is not to be despised as a milling proposition.
ref: 1916, Edgar Wallace, The Island of Galloping Gold, London: George Newnes, Ltd., […], →OCLC, page 68:
text: The ground beneath her feet is extraordinarily smooth, as near as cobble-stones can get to parquetry; she imagines an army of paviours patiently completing it like a jigsaw puzzle while the placid citizens look on.
ref: 2002, Michel Faber, The Crimson Petal and the White, Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt, Inc., →ISBN, page 238:
glosses: Alternative form of cobblestone.
cobble-stones
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cobble-stone
MSDT
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: MSDTs
Senses: topics: diving
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
underwater-diving
glosses: Acronym of Master Scuba Diver Trainer.
MSDTs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of MSDT
OWD
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: OWDs
Senses: topics: diving
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
underwater-diving
glosses: Acronym of Open Water Diver.
AOWD
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: AOWDs
Senses: topics: diving
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
underwater-diving
glosses: Acronym of Advanced Open Water Diver.
AOWDs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of AOWD
OWDs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of OWD
sore eyes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɔɹ ˌaɪs/
Etymology: See sore + eyes.
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: conjunctivitis; pinkeye
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see sore, eyes.
Related terms: pinkeye
sight for sore eyes
eyesore
psychobiome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: psychobiomes
Etymology: From psycho- + biome.
Senses: examples: text: Could this affect how people think and feel? Evidence is mounting for a link between the gut and the brain in what is termed the psychobiome—part of the microbiome—that does just that. The substances that the various bacteria, viruses and fungi produce may go directly into the bloodstream and infiltrate blood vessels, or they may stimulate the vagus nerve that connects the gut and the brain.
ref: 2022 December 20, “How food affects the mind, as well as the body”, in The Economist, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 Dec 2023:
text: The psychobiomes that exert a clinical effect through endocrine agents associated with the control of neuroinflammation and the generation of neurotransmitter precursors are identified by the correlations between modified gut microorganisms and MDD [21,22].
ref: 2023 December 28, Jihee Choi, Jong-Hoon Kim, Miey Park, Hae-Jeung Lee, “Effects of Flavonoid-Rich Orange Juice Intervention on Major Depressive Disorder in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, in Nutrients, volume 15, number 1, Basel: MDPI, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 2:
glosses: A part of the microbiome inside the human gut which is able to influence processes in the brain.
Related terms: microbiome
psychobiotic
psychobiomes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of psychobiome
Truman Doctrine
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Named after US president Harry S Truman (1884–1972), who issued the doctrine in 1947.
Senses: examples: text: The US was concerned that European powers might try to recolonise Latin America, and the Monroe Doctrine stated that any such attempt would be regarded as aggression against the United States itself.
ref: 1947 March 15, “Briton Interrupts Truman's Speech”, in Spokane Daily Chronicle, Associated Press:
text: [I]n one sense, the Monroe Doctrine, although originally only applicable to the Western hemisphere, is a precedent for the Truman doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine […] was designed to exclude European colonization and European systems from any portion of the western hemisphere [and] promised that America would [do likewise to Europe]. It has been suggested that President Truman has merely projected the Monroe Doctrine into […] the atomic age. […] President Truman's proposal could also be interpreted as running counter to the [idea] that America would not interfere with Europe.
ref: 1947, Committee of Foreign Relations on the US Senate, Legislative Origins of the Truman Doctrine:
text: These policies [which Truman says have "averted World War III" and "attain[ed] peace" in his farewell address]—notably, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization—and the geopolitical conditions they created made up […] the strategy of containment.
ref: 2006, Elizabeth Edwards Spalding, The First Cold Warrior:
glosses: A policy of that America will support democracies under authoritarianism.
mirusvirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mirusviruses
Etymology: From Latin mīrus (“wonderful, surprising, strange”) + virus.
Senses: examples: text: Yet, a substantial fraction of mirusvirus genes, including hallmark transcription machinery genes missing in herpesviruses, are closely related homologues of giant eukaryotic DNA viruses from another viral realm, Varidnaviria.
ref: 2023 April 19, Morgan Gaïa, Lingjie Meng, Eric Pelletier, Patrick Forterre, Chiara Vanni, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Olivier Jaillon, Patrick Wincker, Hiroyuki Ogata, Mart Krupovic, Tom O. Delmont, “Mirusviruses link herpesviruses to giant viruses”, in Nature, volume 616, London: Nature Portfolio, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 783:
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
virology
glosses: A virus of the phylum Mirusviricota, a widespread group of plankton-infecting viruses which forms a "missing link" between giant viruses and herpesviruses.
mirusviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mirusvirus
dermosupraoccipital
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dermosupraoccipitals
Senses: glosses: Synonym of parietosquamosal frill.
synonyms: word: parietosquamosal frill
lexicographese
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From lexicography + -ese.
Senses: examples: text: In Jolly Wicked, Actually I have tried to avoid 'lexicographese', the technical formatting, abbreviations and stylised defining language favoured by dictionaries.
ref: 2009, Tony Thorne, Jolly Wicked, Actually: The 100 Words That Make Us English, London: Little, Brown, →ISBN, page 10:
glosses: Synonym of dictionaryese (“the style of language used in dictionary definitions”).
synonyms: word: dictionaryese
extra: the style of language used in dictionary definitions
Related terms: lexicographerese
dermo-supraoccipital
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dermo-supraoccipitals
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of dermosupraoccipital.
dictionariese
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of dictionaryese.
dictionarese
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: With my average classes, once the word has been correctly guessed, I put its meaning on the board in the vernacular, rather than in "dictionarese."
ref: 1971, Judy Chambers, “The Visual Approach to Vocabulary”, in Mildred G. McClosky, editor, Teaching Strategies and Classroom Realities, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., →ISBN, page 221:
glosses: Alternative form of dictionaryese.
midsupraorbital
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Located in the middle of the area above the eye sockets.
mid-supraorbital
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of midsupraorbital.
midphiltrum
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Located in the middle of the philtrum.
supraomohyoidal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of supraomohyoid.
supraoperonic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to supraoperons.
booksona
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: booksonas
Etymology: From book + -sona.
Senses: examples: text: booksona: hardcover anthology with stark cream/tan cover, embossed title and tiny short story written on spine
ref: 2015 June 26, @OssieFisheater, Twitter, archived from the original on 28 Dec 2023:
text: SEND BOOKSONAS! Whatever booksona you have, just reply with it and within a few days I'll have a full picture of all the replies I get. closing these whenever.
ref: 2020 June 18, @krustykrampizza, Twitter, archived from the original on 28 Dec 2023:
text: Oh shoot, hello! Didn't expect to see a booksona of me here!!
ref: 2021 July 28, u/infez, “Quick Terra, post something! (will do the rest)”, in Reddit, r/twowfanart, archived from the original on 28 Dec 2023:
text: Honestly, Gobber is more similar to his booksona than Stoick is.
ref: 2023 January 6, u/me-te-mo, “after years finally was able to get it. before i start what are the differences between the books and the movies?”, in Reddit, r/httyd, archived from the original on 28 Dec 2023:
text: im late but here is my booksona!!
ref: 2023 December 20, @yerielbfb, Twitter, archived from the original on 28 Dec 2023:
hypernyms: objectsona
glosses: An alter-ego or self-insert character which takes the form of a book; a book persona.
booksonas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of booksona
harder-working
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: comparative form of hard-working: more hard-working
hardest-working
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of hard-working: most hard-working
supraoperon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: supraoperons
Senses: glosses: A large genetic unit formed by the combination of multiple operons.
allelo-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Etymology: From the noun allele and the interfix -o-.
Senses: glosses: Related to alleles.
Mersa Matruh
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Marsa Matruh
form: Marsa
form: Mersa
form: Matruh
Etymology: From Egyptian Arabic مرسى مطروح.
Senses: glosses: A city in Matruh governorate, Egypt.
Synonyms: word: Ammonium
word: Paraetonium
word: Paraitonion
word: Bareton
NAPA
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Initialism of North American Phonetic Alphabet.
WIELD
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Acronym of Western Institute for Endangered Language Documentation.
necromancesses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of necromancess
barndo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: barndos
Senses: glosses: term for barndominium.
didaction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dī-dăksən
ipa: /dɪˈdæk.ʃən/
rhymes: -ækʃən
Etymology: From didactic.
Senses: examples: text: I'd argue that my father's model when I asked him about the two clients was totally correct didaction. He taught me the right lesson.
ref: 1995, Charlie Munger, “Talk Three”, in Poor Charlie's Almanack:
glosses: The act of teaching didactically; teaching in general.
Related terms: didact
dragonrider
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dragonriders
Etymology: From dragon + rider.
Senses: examples: text: Those handsome dragonriders, too, so brave in their wher-hide accouterments, proud on the necks of their great beasts—they did not submit kindly to close examination without a few disappointing revelations.
ref: 1968, Anne McCaffrey, Dragonflight, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published 1974, →ISBN, page 108:
text: The dragonriders turned their beasts, two hundred beasts at least, treading once again over the crops they had already destroyed.
ref: 1984, Eric Affabee, The Siege of the Dragonriders (Wizards, Warriors & You; 2), New York, N.Y.: Avon, →ISBN, page 4:
text: Once asleep, a dragon is extremely difficult and even dangerous to wake,[…]. An experienced dragonrider never allows his animal to sleep unless he knows there is a competent wizard nearby.
ref: 1989, Margaret Weis, Tracy Hickman, The Prophet of Akhran (Rose of the Prophet; 3), New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN:
topics: fantasy
glosses: One who rides a dragon.
Related terms: dragonriding
dragonriders
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dragonrider
Higher Buxton
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A suburb of Buxton, High Peak borough, Derbyshire, England (OS grid ref SK0673).
wash-off
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Deverbal from wash off.
Senses: examples: text: wash-off marker
glosses: Easy to wash off.
wash-off
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wash-offs
Etymology: Deverbal from wash off.
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of washoff.
Arumanian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Aromanian.
Arumanian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Arumanians
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Aromanian.
Arumanian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Aromanian (Sometimes used to create a more Germanic feel in text (compare the German word Arumänisch).)
Summerston
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An outer suburb north of Maryhill, City of Glasgow council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NS5670).
Arumanians
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Arumanian
Balmore
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A small village in East Dunbartonshire council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NS6073).
glosses: A hamlet on the west side of Loch Ness, Highland council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NH5635).
Auchendinny
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A small village north-east of Penicuik, Midlothian council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NT2562).
dearliest
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: Even thoſe whom we loved dearlieſt, we avoid once dead; now we lay them aſide under the board, and thence ſend them out of our houſes to their grave.
ref: 1612–1626, Joseph Hall, Contemplations upon the Remarkable Passages in the Life of the Holy Jesus, London: […] E. Flesher, and are to be sold by Jacob Tonson, […], published 1679, page 386:
text: But you, O thrice ingenuous Queriſt, / Whom we by Sympathy love dearlieſt, / You are inſpir’d, there’s no doubt of ye / With Beef-Broth ſtrong, and potent Coffee!
ref: 1703, a Member of the Athenian Society, The Athenian Oracle: Being an Entire Collection of All the Valuable Questions and Answers in the Old Athenian Mercuries. […], volume II, London: […] Andrew Bell, […], page 481:
text: All past and present losses shrink / In that sad blow comprest, / Those we last loved, we seem to love / The dearliest and the best.
ref: a. 1864, Francis Kilvert, “The Last Loss”, in W[illiam] L[uke] N[ichols], editor, Remains in Verse and Prose of the Rev. Francis Kilvert, M.A. With a Brief Memoir., Bath: S. W. Simms, […]; London: Simpkin and Marshall, published 1866, page 26:
text: Land of us all that have loved thee dearliest, / Mother of men that were lords of man, / Whose name in the world’s heart works as a spell, / My last song’s light, and the star of mine earliest, / As we turn from thee, sweet, who wast ours for a span, / Fare well we may not who say farewell.
ref: 1878, Algernon Charles Swinburne, “[Four Songs of Four Seasons.] II. Spring in Tuscany.”, in Poems and Ballads, second series, London: Chatto and Windus, […], page 180:
glosses: superlative form of dearly: most dearly
creative class
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: creative classes
Etymology: Coined by American urban studies theorist Richard Florida in The Rise of the Creative Class (2002).
Senses: examples: text: The modern creative class, beleaguered enough, barraged by two decades of digital technology that has radically cheapened music, television and cinema, is ready for combat, as the successful writers’ and actors’ strikes demonstrated earlier in the year.
ref: 2023 December 28, Ross Barkan, “The zeitgeist is changing. A strange, romantic backlash to the tech era looms”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: A proposed socioeconomic class made up of knowledge workers, intellectuals, and various types of artists.
wikipedia: The Rise of the Creative Class
creative classes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of creative class
cutesy-poo
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more cutesy-poo
form: most cutesy-poo
form: cutesypoo
Etymology: From cutesy + -poo (“forming affectionate, playful diminutives”).
Senses: examples: text: However, wandering the streets for a while, I saw nothing that looked like dwarf work, even in the tourist shops, just the usual cutesypoo wooden figures.
ref: 1999, Poul Anderson, Operation Luna, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, →ISBN, page 178:
text: 'Our Little House'? Isn't that a little cutesy-poo for a safe house, Alex?
ref: 2005, W. E. B. Griffin, The Hostage, New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 418:
text: Ms. O'Mara nods. "I played Tessie. The crybaby orphan." She slips into a cutesy-poo baby doll voice and says, "Oh my goodness!"'
ref: 2016, James Patterson, Chris Grabenstein, Jacky Ha-Ha, New York, N.Y. […]: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 184:
glosses: Overly or unpleasantly cute.