cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Turks and Caicos Islands
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɜː(ɹ)ks ən ˈkeɪkəs ˌaɪləndz/
Forms: form: the Turks and Caicos Islands
Etymology: Turks from the Turk's cap cactus (Melocactus) that grows in the region + Caicos from Lucayan Taíno caya hico, meaning 'string of islands'.
Senses: synonyms: TCI
Turks and Caicos
glosses: An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean.
São Tomé and Príncipe
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsaʊ təˈmeɪ ən ˈpɹɪnsɪpeɪ/
Forms: form: Sao Tome and Principe
Etymology: Partial calque of Portuguese São Tomé e Príncipe (literally “Saint Thomas and Prince”), the two major islands which form the nation.
Senses: glosses: A country and archipelago of Central Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. Official name: Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Capital: São Tomé.
Synonyms: Sao Tome
São Tomé
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Hypernyms: Subsahara
Related terms: Countries of the world
Suriname
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/
ipa: /ˌsjʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/
ipa: /ˈsʊə.ɹɪ.næm/
ipa: /ˌsʊɹ.ɪˈnɑm/
ipa: /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.nɑm/
ipa: /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.næm/
Forms: form: Surinam
Etymology: From English Surinam, from the name of the Surinen people, likely Lokono.
Senses: glosses: A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Suriname. Capital and largest city: Paramaribo.
Derived terms: Suriname cherry
Suriname toad
Related terms: Surinamer
Surinamese
Somalia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈmɑːliə/
rhymes: -ɑːliə
Senses: glosses: A country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa. Official name: Federal Republic of Somalia. Capital and largest city: Mogadishu.
Hypernyms: Subsahara
Hyponyms: Jubaland
Puntland
Coordinate terms: Countries of the world
Derived terms: Somalian
Related terms: Somali
Somaliland
Sierra Leone
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /siˌɛɹə liˈoʊn/
Etymology: From Italian sierra (“mountain range”) + leone (“lion”) (via Venetian), itself from Portuguese Serra Leoa (“lioness mountains”), as the area was described to the rest of Europe by Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto; in reference to the Lion Mountains (named by Pedro de Sintra in 1462).
Senses: glosses: A country in West Africa. Official name: Republic of Sierra Leone.
wikipedia: Alvise Cadamosto
Lion Mountains
Pedro de Sintra
Hypernyms: Subsahara
Derived terms: Sierra Leone peach
Related terms: Countries of the world
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Two distinct islands, dependencies of Norway.
Related terms: Countries of the world
Sri Lanka
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/
ipa: /sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/
ipa: /sɹiˈlæŋkə/
other: [ɕriː]
other: [ɕ]
other: /ʃ/
other: /ʃɹ/
other: /sɹ/
other: [sriː]
other: [ɕ]
other: [s]
Etymology: Borrowed from Sinhalese ශ්රී ලංකා (śrī laṁkā) / ශ්රී ලංකාව (śrī laṁkāwa), from Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy Lanka”).
Senses: examples: text: Sri Lanka has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.
ref: 2022 February 9, Karen McVeigh, “‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ”, in The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, retrieved 11 Feb 2022, Seascape: the state of our oceans:
glosses: An island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India. Official name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Capital: Colombo.
wikipedia: All Ceylon Tamil Congress
Ceylon Workers' Congress
Eelam
Sri Lankan Civil War
Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka
Synonyms: english: no longer used
translation: no longer used
word: Ceylon
word: Serendib
word: Serendip
Derived terms: Sri Lanka bay owl
Sri Lankan
Related terms: Names of Sri Lanka
South Korea
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: rhymes: -iːə
Etymology: From south + Korea, due to its southerly position on the Korean peninsula.
Senses: examples: text: HSI data indicates that up to a million dogs are bred and sacrificed annually in South Korea for human consumption, even though demand is at a “historic low,” with about 6 million dogs residing in South Korean homes and 57 percent of the population supporting the ban.
ref: 2024 January 9, “South Korea bans dog meat trade for human consumption”, in EFE, archived from the original on 10 Jan 2024:
glosses: A country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Official name: Republic of Korea. Capital: Seoul.
North Korea
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /noɹθ ˌkəˈɹi.ə/
ipa: /nɔːθ ˌkəˈɹiː.ə/
rhymes: -iːə
Etymology: From north + Korea, due to its northerly position on the Korean peninsula.
Senses: examples: text: The Little Assembly directed the commission to hold elections "wherever possible" which means, in effect, the United States-occupied zone. Russia, occupying North Korea, has boycotted the commission completely.
ref: 1948 March 9 [1948 March 8], “U.N. Officials Fight Korea Voting Plan”, in The Washington Post, number 26,199, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4, column 2:
text: A few species such as bat, shrew, striped hamster and muskrat are found only in North Korea. Also only in North Korea are tiger, lynx, two species of deer, Manchurian weasel and northern pika in the plateau regions of Paektusan.
ref: 1985, H. Edward Kim, “Land and People”, in Facts about Korea, 18th Revised edition, Seoul: Hollym Corporation, →OCLC, page 22:
text: North Korea is currently experiencing a dire food crisis, with analysts warning the present situation could deteriorate into a similar humanitarian disaster seen during the four-year famine in the mid-1990s — referred to as the "Arduous March" by the regime — which led to the deaths of millions of people.
ref: 2023 January 27, Julian Ryall, “North Korea teetering on the brink of a humanitarian crisis”, in DW News, archived from the original on 27 Jan 2023:
text: Some 200 hectares of rice paddies in Kangwon Province are reported to have been flooded by tropical storm Khanun, which swept across North Korea last week after battering Japan’s Okinawa.
ref: 2023 August 18, Gavin Blair, “Kim Jong-un at typhoon-hit farms as North Korea rebuked over starvation”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 18 Aug 2023:
text: North Korea has traditionally been especially strong in weightlifting, dominating the event at the Jakarta Asian Games in 2018 with eight golds.
ref: 2023 September 14, “North Korea set to end years-long sporting isolation at Asian Games”, in France 24, archived from the original on 14 Sep 2023:
text: Satellite images show an “unprecedented” number of freight railcars on the border between Russia and North Korea following a summit between the countries’ leaders in which they discussed military cooperation.
ref: 2023 October 7, “‘Unprecedented’ freight rail cars on North Korea’s border with Russia: satellite images”, in EFE, archived from the original on 08 Oct 2023:
glosses: A country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea. Official name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Capital: Pyongyang.
Synonyms: english: mocking
translation: mocking
word: Best Korea
english: nickname
translation: nickname
word: Hermit Kingdom
word: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
english: official
translation: official
word: DPRK
word: Juche Korea
english: used by North Korea supporters
translation: used by North Korea supporters
word: People's Korea
Derived terms: North Korean
Related terms: Countries of the world
Saudi Arabia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsaʊ.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/
ipa: /ˌsɔː.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/
Etymology: See Saudi and Arabia.
Senses: examples: text: I’ve been visiting Saudi Arabia for close to two decades and in that time I’ve experienced some incredible things.
ref: 2020 December 5, Nic Robertson, “Saudi Arabia has changed beyond recognition. But will tourists want to visit?”, in CNN:
glosses: A country in West Asia in the Middle East. Official name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Capital: Riyadh.
Derived terms: Saudi Arabian
Related terms: Riyadh
storm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /stɔːm/
ipa: /stɔɹm/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: storms
Etymology: The verb is derived from Middle English stormen (“of the wind: to blow violently; to cause to roll or toss”), from storm (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitives of verbs).
Compare Middle English sturmen (“to attack (someone) with great force”), from Old English styrman (“to rage, storm; to make a great noise, cry aloud, shout, storm”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturmijan (“to storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmijaną (“to storm”), from *sturmaz (“a storm”) (see etymology 1) + *-janą (suffix forming causatives from strong verbs, with a sense of ‘to cause to do [the action of the verb]’). The Middle English word did not survive into modern English.
The noun is derived from verb sense 2.3 (“to violently assault (a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.) with the aim of gaining control of it”).
Cognates
* Dutch stormen (“to bluster, storm”)
* German stürmen (“to rage, storm; to assault, attack”)
* Icelandic storma (“to storm”)
* Low German stormen (“to storm”)
* Swedish storma (“to bluster, storm”)
Senses: topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A violent assault on a fortified position or stronghold.
Synonyms: word: procelle
word: storm
Hyponyms: word: windstorm
word: tornado
word: twister
word: thunderstorm
word: duststorm
word: hurricane
word: cyclone
word: tropical storm
word: typhoon
word: whirlwind
word: hailstorm
word: snowstorm
word: tempest
word: waterspout
word: blizzard
Meronyms: word: wind
word: rain
word: hail
word: snow
word: lightning
word: thunder
Related terms: word: hydrometeor
Seychelles
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /seɪˈʃɛlz/
ipa: /seɪˈʃɛl/
ipa: /ˈseɪʃɛlz/
ipa: /ˈseɪʃɛl/
rhymes: -ɛlz
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: the Seychelles
Etymology: After French official and politician Jean Moreau de Séchelles.
Senses: glosses: An archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean. Official name: Republic of Seychelles.
wikipedia: Jean Moreau de Séchelles
Hypernyms: Subsahara
Derived terms: Seychelles Time
Seychellois
Seyche
Related terms: Countries of the world
Saint Helena
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /seɪnt həˈliːnə/
ipa: /seɪnt ˈhɛlənə/
Senses: topics: Christianity
glosses: A saint: the mother of the emperor Constantine the Great.
glosses: An island and constituent part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, located in the South Atlantic Ocean.
glosses: A city in Napa County, California, United States.
Related terms: Jamestown
Countries of the world
Russia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹʌʃə/
ipa: /ˈɹʌ.ʃɐ/
ipa: /ˈɹʊ.ʃɐ/
rhymes: -ʌʃə
homophone: rusher
Forms: form: Russias
Etymology: 1390s, from Medieval Latin Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ) (whence Arabic رُوس (rūs) and Byzantine Greek Ῥῶς (Rhôs)), which originally referred to a group of Varangians who established themselves near Kiev in the 9th century and ruled Kievan Rus; probably from Proto-Finnic *roocci, from Old East Norse *roþs- (“related to rowing”); related to Old Norse Roþrslandi (“the land of rowing”), an older name of Roslagen, where the Finns first encountered the Swedes. Ultimately from Old Norse róðr (“steering oar”), from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą (“rudder”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”). Doublet of Rossiya.
Senses: examples: text: Dull Russias will prove a good selling line for women according to the predictions of certain manufacturers.
ref: 1914, Shoe and Leather Journal, volume 27, page 36:
glosses: Ellipsis of Russia leather.
Related terms: word: Countries of the world
word: former Soviet Union
word: former USSR
word: Soviet Union
word: USSR
Réunion
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈjuːnjən/
note: after French
ipa: /ɹeɪ.uːniˈɒn/
Forms: form: La Réunion
Etymology: From French Réunion. Doublet of reunion.
Senses: glosses: An island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar.
Derived terms: Réunion bulbul
Réunion cuckooshrike
Réunion fody
Réunion gallinule
Réunion gray white-eye
Réunion harrier
Réunion ibis
Réunion kestrel
Réunion nigh-heron
Réunion rail
Réunion scops-owl
Réunion shelduck
Réunion starling
Réunion stonechat
Réunion swamphen
Réunion white-eye
Related terms: Saint-Denis
Niue
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnjuːeɪ/
rhymes: -uːeɪ
Etymology: From Niuean Niuē (“behold the coconut palm”), from niu (“coconut”) + ē (“o (vocative particle)”).
Senses: glosses: An island and country in Polynesia in Oceania, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand. Official name: Republic of Niue. Capital: Alofi.
Derived terms: Niuean
Related terms: Countries of the world
Martinique
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɑː(ɹ)tɪˈniːk/
Etymology: Named by Christopher Columbus after Saint Martin of Tours. The name is sometimes suggested to be a modification of a native Ta-Arawak (Taino or Kalinago) name Madinina (“island of flowers”) or Matinino (“island of women”).
Senses: glosses: An island, overseas department, and administrative region of France in the Caribbean. Official name: Department of Martinique.
wikipedia: Christopher Columbus
Martin of Tours
Derived terms: Carriacou and Petite Martinique
Martinican
Related terms: Countries of the world
Lesotho
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ləˈsuːtuː/
Forms: form: Lesuto
form: Lesutho
form: Lesoto
Etymology: From Sotho Lesotho (“Land of the Basotho (Sotho people)”).
Senses: synonyms: word: Basutoland
glosses: A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Kingdom of Lesotho. Capital: Maseru.
wikipedia: Sotho
Related terms: Basotho
Mosotho
Sesotho
Sotho
Basutoland
Maseru
Kyrgyzstan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɪə.ɡɪˌstɑːn/
ipa: /ˈkɛː.ɡɪˌstɑːn/
ipa: /-stæn/
ipa: /ˌkɪəɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/
ipa: /ˌkɛːɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/
ipa: /-stæn/
Forms: form: Kirgizstan
form: Kirghizstan
form: Kyrghyzstan
form: Kirgizia
form: Kirghizia
form: Kyrgyzia
form: Kyrghyzia
Etymology: From Kyrgyz Кыргызстан (Kırgızstan), from кыргыз (kırgız, “Kyrgyz”) + -стан (-stan, “-stan”). Equivalent to Kyrgyz + -stan. More at Kyrgyz.
Senses: glosses: A country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China. Official name: Kyrgyz Republic. Capital: Bishkek.
Related terms: khirigsuur
Kyrgyz
Kirghiz
Kyrgyz SSR
Kyrgyzstani
Bishkek
Countries of the world
Kazakhstan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæzəkstæn/
ipa: /ˈkɑːzəkstɑːn/
ipa: /ˈkɑzəkˌstæn/
ipa: /ˈkæzəkˌstæn/
ipa: /ˈkɑzəkˌstɑn/
Forms: form: Kazakstan
form: Qazaqstan
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian Казахста́н (Kazaxstán). Analyzable as Kazakh + -stan.
Senses: examples: text: At a signing ceremony in the Kazakh capital, Astana, on May 29, the presidents of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan ratified the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) into existence. An EEU modeled on the European Union was first mooted back in 1994 by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, but took off only after his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, seized upon its potential as a Moscow-centered, Asia-oriented alternative to the EU.
ref: 2014 July 1, Frank Jacobs, “Welcome to Stanistan”, in Foreign Policy, archived from the original on 03 Aug 2023:
text: Longtime NASA astronaut Don Pettit, who has ventured to space four times, returned to Earth on Saturday night from the International Space Station. Pettit, who turned 70 on Sunday, landed at 9:20 p.m. ET in a Soyuz spacecraft with Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin and Ivan Vagner near Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, after a seven-month stay aboard the orbiting laboratory.
ref: 2025 April 19, Ashley Strickland, “An astronaut’s awe-inspiring views from life in space”, in CNN:
glosses: A country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Kazakhstan.
Derived terms: North Kazakhstan
Related terms: Kazakh
Kazakh SSR
Astana
Nur-Sultan
CDC
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: business
glosses: Initialism of Control Data Corporation.
examples: text: In 2016, the CDC established guidelines for prescribing narcotics for chronic pain.
ref: 2017 March 20, Nadia Kounang, “Prescriptions may hold clues to who gets hooked on opioids, study says”, in CNN:
text: A 2009 multistate CDC survey off over seventy thousand adults found that more than 35 percent of people slept fewer than seven hours per night.
ref: 2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, pages 64–65:
text: When CDC Director Susan Monarez refused to rubber-stamp unscientific, reckless directives and fire dedicated health experts, she chose protecting the public over serving a political agenda. For that, she has been targeted.
ref: 2025 August 28, Robert Mackey, quoting Mark Zaid and David Lowell, “CDC erupts in chaos after ousted chief Susan Monarez refuses to resign”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
topics: government
medicine
politics
sciences
glosses: Initialism of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
qualifier: Java programming language
glosses: Initialism of Connected Device Configuration.
topics: business
glosses: Initialism of Clark Development Corporation.
CDC
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: CDCs
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Initialism of change data capture.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Initialism of centre for disease control.
examples: text: Sydney Adamu (Ayo Edebiri): You were the most excellent CDC at the most excellent restaurant in the entire United States of America. So, what are you doing here, I guess?
Carmy Berzatto (Jeremy Allen White): Making sandwiches.
ref: 2022 June 23, Christopher Storer, “System”, in Christopher Storer, director, The Bear, season 1, episode 1, via Hulu:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: Initialism of chef de cuisine.
retrovirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: retroviruses
Etymology: From retro- + virus, from its reverse direction of replication.
Senses: examples: text: Montagnier soon deduced that this was an RNA virus that could convert its genes into DNA and lodge into the human genome—a retrovirus.
ref: 2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 318:
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
virology
glosses: Any of a group of viruses which insert a copy of their RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell, thus changing the genome of that cell.
qualifier: computer security
glosses: A computer virus that seeks to attack antivirus programs in an attempt to avoid detection.
Hyponyms: orthoretrovirus
spumaretrovirus
alpharetrovirus
betaretrovirus
bovispumavirus
epsilonretrovirus
equispumavirus
felispumavirus
gammaretrovirus
lentivirus
prosimiispumavirus
simiispumavirus
Derived terms: antiretrovirus
endogenous retrovirus
gammaretrovirus
oncoretrovirus
orthoretrovirus
spumaretrovirus
Related terms: retroviral
retrovirological
retrovirologist
retrovirology
gp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gps
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of group.
genome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒiː.nəʊm/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/
ipa: /d͡ʒɨˈnoʊm/
rhymes: -əʊm
Forms: form: genomes
form: genom
Etymology: From earlier genom, from German Genom, coined by German botanist Hans Winkler in 1920 as a blend of Gen (“gene”) + Chromosom (“chromosome”). By surface analysis, gen(e) + -ome, or a blend of gen(e) + (chromos)ome. Spelling altered to reflect the surface analysis.
Senses: examples: text: Creating a complete map of the human connectome would therefore be a monumental milestone but not the end of the journey to understanding how our brains work. The achievement will transform neuroscience and serve as the starting point for asking questions we could not otherwise have answered, just as having the human genome has made it possible to ask new questions about cellular and molecular systems.
ref: 2012 March-April, Terrence J. Sejnowski, “Well-connected Brains”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 27 Apr 2017, page 171:
text: Because of her significant testing, Avery had had DNA sequencing of her “exome,” the part of her genome that makes proteins in the body, said Dr. Michael Wangler, a researcher at the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital.
ref: 2017 December 18, Ashley Strickland, “Mystery condition gives way to bright future for 10-year-old”, in CNN:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism.
Derived terms: allogenome
antigenome
archaeogenome
desiccome
eigengenome
epigenome
genomal
genome assembly
genome size
genome transplant
genometric
genometrics
genomewide
genomewise
genomic
genomically
genomics
genomospecies
genomotype
glycolipidome
glycoproteome
hemigenome
hologenome
Human Genome Project
intergenome
intragenome
lentigenome
lipidome
macrogenome
megagenome
memome
metabogenome
metagenome
metaproteome
microbiome
microgenome
minigenome
mitogenome
mobilome
multigenome
oncogenome
paleogenome
pangenome
peptidome
pharmacogenome
polygenome
pregenome
prenylome
progenome
proteome
pseudogenome
radiogenome
socionome
sphingolipidome
sterolome
subgenome
supergenome
supragenome
toponome
toxicogenome
transgenome
whole-genome duplication
capsid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæp.sɪd/
Forms: form: capsids
Etymology: From French capside.
Senses: glosses: The outer protein shell of a virus.
Derived terms: anticapsid
capsidal
capsidless
capsomere
encapsidation
intracapsid
multicapsid
nanocapsid
noncapsid
nucleocapsid
pericapsid
procapsid
supercapsid
Related terms: capsidated
capsidation
capsidial
plasmid
Indo-European
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/
Forms: form: Indoeuropean
form: IE
form: IE.
Etymology: Coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1813, from Indo- + European, relating to the geographical extremes in India and Europe (which was valid before the discovery of Tocharian languages in the early 20th century).
Senses: glosses: A major language family which includes many of the native languages of Europe, Western Asia and India, with notable Indic, Iranian and European sub-branches.
glosses: Proto-Indo-European: the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.
Synonyms: word: Indo-Germanic
Derived terms: Indo-Europeanism
Indo-Europeanist
non-Indo-European
pre-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European
Related terms: PIE
Indo-European
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/
Forms: form: Indo-Europeans
form: Indoeuropean
form: IE
form: IE.
Etymology: Coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1813, from Indo- + European, relating to the geographical extremes in India and Europe (which was valid before the discovery of Tocharian languages in the early 20th century).
Senses: examples: text: Two theories of the origins of the Indo-Europeans currently compete. M. Gimbutas believes that early Indo-Europeans entered southeastern Europe from the Pontic Steppes starting ca. 4500 B.C. and spread from there. C. Renfrew equates early Indo-Europeans with early farmers who entered southeastern Europe from Asia Minor ca. 7000 BC and spread through the continent.
ref: 1992, R.R. Sokal, N.L. Oden, B.A. Thomson, “Origins of the Indo-Europeans: genetic evidence”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, volume 89, →DOI, →PMID:
text: Thus, although at least one term for ‘alder’ can be reconstructed to PIE, the wide distribution of this tree prevents it from being diagnostic of the earlier location of the Indo-Europeans.
ref: 1997, J. P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams, “ALDER”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, →ISBN, page 12:
topics: anthropology
archaeology
history
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: Proto-Indo-European
glosses: A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.
examples: text: To the same direction points a recent revelation made by Professor Henning who identifies the Gutians or Kutians and Tukres of the ancient Near East that occur in the cuneiform inscriptions of the end of the 3rd millennium B.C. with historical Kuchi-Tocharians, this being the earliest appearance of the Indo-Europeans in history (cf. W. Henning, the first Indo-Europeans in history, "Society and History." […]).
ref: 1988, Thomas V. Gamkrelidze, “On the problem of an Asiatic original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans”, in T.L. Markey and John A.C. Greppin, editors, When Worlds Collide: The Indo-Europeans and the Pre-Indo-Europeans, Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, Inc., published 1990, →ISBN, page 6:
text: We Indo-Europeans are crazy about three! We see the world as earth, sky, water. We see things as having a beginning, a middle, and an end. Do you want a third example? Sure you do—you're Indo-European!
ref: 2015 December 18, Mark Damen, “The Indo-European Dual”, in TEDxUSU (video):
glosses: A speaker of any Indo-European language (though especially an ancient one), or a member of an Indo-European culture, who is regarded as a continuation of the Proto-Indo-Europeans in terms of language, ancestry, or cultural affinity.
examples: text: The sale of looted items persisted for a month, and quick profits were made by burghers and Indo-Europeans.
ref: 2020, Sujit Sivasandaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins, published 2021, page 236:
glosses: A European living in India or the Indies.
glosses: A person of mixed European and Indian or Indonesian ancestry.
Indo-European
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/
Forms: form: more Indo-European
form: most Indo-European
form: Indoeuropean
form: IE
form: IE.
Etymology: Coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1813, from Indo- + European, relating to the geographical extremes in India and Europe (which was valid before the discovery of Tocharian languages in the early 20th century).
Senses: examples: text: Of the great Indo-European family of languages the general principal was also that of one name for each individual[…]
ref: 1945, E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, “Introduction”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page xi:
glosses: Of or relating to the family of languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia.
synonyms: Proto-Indo-European
PIE
glosses: Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.
examples: text: As there is no evidence for Indo-European apiculture, we have to reckon with foreign origin for κηρός […].
ref: 2010, Robert S. P. Beekes, “κηρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 690:
glosses: Of or relating to the hypothetical group of peoples that spread early Indo-European languages.
glosses: Of or relating to persons of mixed European and Indian or Indonesian ancestry.
Related terms: Aryan
money
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭnē
rhymes: -ʌni
ipa: /ˈmʌni/
ipa: [ˈmɐn.ɪ(i)~iː]
note: without the foot-strut split, without happy-tensing
enpr: mo͝onĭ
ipa: /ˈmʊnɪ/
enpr: mə-nē′
note: Indic
ipa: /məˈni/
Forms: form: more money
form: most money
form: monie
form: mony
Etymology: From Middle English moneye, moneie, money, borrowed from Anglo-Norman muneie (“money”), from Latin monēta (“money, a place for coining money, coin, mint”), from the name of the temple of Juno Moneta in Rome, where a mint was.
In this sense, displaced native Old English feoh, whence English fee. Doublet of mint, ultimately from the same Latin word but through Germanic and Old English, and of manat, through Russian and Azeri or Turkmen.
Senses: examples: text: But Schilling was great again today. As my younger son would no doubt say, he's so money he doesn't know he's money. Two more like him and never mind the World Series; the Red Sox would be ready for the Super Bowl.
ref: 2011, Stewart O'Nan, Stephen King, Faithful:
glosses: Cool; excellent.
raw_tags: used only in certain senses
ask
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːsk/
ipa: /ˈask/
ipa: /ˈɑːks/
ipa: /ˈask/
ipa: /ˈæsk/
ipa: /ɛəsk/
note: African-American Vernacular, Cajun, Nigeria
enpr: ăks
ipa: /ˈæks/
note: African-American Vernacular, Cajun, Nigeria
note: k̚
ipa: /ˈas
ipa: ˈɛs/
rhymes: -æsk
rhymes: -ɑːsk
homophone: acts
homophone: ax
homophone: axe stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: asks
form: aks
form: ax
form: aske
Etymology: From Middle English asken, axen, from Old English āscian, from Proto-West Germanic *aiskōn, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys- (“to wish; request”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian aaskje (“to ask, demand, require”), West Frisian easkje (“to ask, demand, require”), Dutch eisen (“to demand, require”), German heischen (“to ask, request, implore”), Russian иска́ть (iskátʹ), Sanskrit इच्छति (iccháti) (whence Hindi ईछना (īchnā).
Senses: examples: text: To ask for a gift is a privilege, a wonderful expression of commitment to and ownership of the organization. Getting a yes to an ask can be a rush, but asking for the gift can and should be just as rewarding.
ref: 2005, Laura Fredricks, The ask:
text: That really does not seem much of an ask.
ref: 2022 December 14, Christian Wolmar, “No Marston Vale line trains... and no one in charge seems to 'give a damn'”, in RAIL, number 972, page 46:
glosses: An act or instance of asking.
examples: text: I know this is a big ask, but …
text: Communication researchers call this the foot-in-the-door syndrome. Essentially it's based on the observation that people who respond positively to a small “ask” are more likely to respond to a bigger “ask” later on.
ref: 2008, Doug Fields, Duffy Robbins, Speaking to Teenagers:
synonyms: request
glosses: Something asked or asked for.
glosses: An asking price.
examples: text: Answering 'asks' like this is one common way that Tumblr bloggers interact with their followers, so it is in the act of publicly answering these asks that I examine community building practices.
ref: 2017, Abigail Oakley, “Supporting one another: Nonbinary community building on Tumblr”, in Isabel K. Düsterhöft, Paul G. Nixon, editors, Sex in the Digital Age, unnumbered page:
text: The following example from Black Mental Health illustrates an ask from an anonymous follower seeking social support: […]
ref: 2018, Lynette Kvasny, Fay Cobb Payton, “African American Youth Tumbling Toward Mental Health Support-Seeking and Positive Academic Outcomes”, in Amanda Ochsner, William G. Tierney, Zoë B. Corwin, editors, Diversifying Digital Learning: Online Literacy and Educational Opportunity, page 168:
text: Once the number of unanswered Asks in the inbox was over eight thousand, despite us deleting everything accumulated in the inbox once a year.
ref: 2020, Lee Brown, “Behind the Scenes of a Popular Trans Youth Resources Tumblr”, in Alexander Cho, Allison McCracken, Indira N. Hoch, Louisa Stein, editors, A Tumblr Book: Platforms and Cultures, page 265:
glosses: A message sent to a blog on social networking platform Tumblr, which can be publicly posted and replied to by the recipient.
Derived terms: ask price
bid-ask spread
big ask
hard ask
tough ask
ask
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑːsk/
ipa: /ˈask/
ipa: /ˈɑːks/
ipa: /ˈask/
ipa: /ˈæsk/
ipa: /ɛəsk/
note: African-American Vernacular, Cajun, Nigeria
enpr: ăks
ipa: /ˈæks/
note: African-American Vernacular, Cajun, Nigeria
note: k̚
ipa: /ˈas
ipa: ˈɛs/
rhymes: -æsk
rhymes: -ɑːsk
homophone: acts
homophone: ax
homophone: axe stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: asks
form: asker
form: ascar
form: askerd
form: askard
form: aks
form: ax
form: aske
Etymology: From Middle English aske, arske, ascre, from Old English āþexe (“lizard, newt”), from Proto-West Germanic *agiþahsijā (“lizard”), a compound of *agiz (“snake, lizard”) + *þahsuz (“badger”). Cognate of German Echse (“lizard”).
Senses: examples: text: He looked at the beast. It was not an eel. It was very like an ask.
ref: 1876, S. Smiles, Scottish Naturalist:
glosses: An eft; newt.
examples: text: We hear of Adder dens, but detailed accounts of the discovery of one are very rare. Service (1902) records that a peatman, when levelling on an estate by the Solway, found in a hole in the ground, some 8 inches below the surface, 40 adders, 10 toads and a large number of asks (lizards).
ref: 1951, Malcolm Arthur Smith, The British Amphibians & Reptiles, page 258:
glosses: A lizard.
night
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: enpr: nīt
ipa: /naɪt/
ipa: /nʌɪt/
ipa: /niːt/
rhymes: -aɪt
homophone: knight
homophone: nite
Forms: form: nite
Etymology: From Middle English nighte, night, nyght, niȝt, naht, from Old English niht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht (“night”), from Proto-Germanic *nahts (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”).
Cognate with Scots nicht, neicht (“night”), Yola neeght, nieght, nyeght (“night”), North Frisian naacht, Nacht, nåcht (“night”), Saterland Frisian Noacht (“night”), West Frisian nacht (“night”), Cimbrian, Dutch nacht (“night”), German, Low German Nacht (“night”), Luxembourgish Nuecht (“night”), Mòcheno nòcht (“night”), Vilamovian naocht (“night”), Yiddish נאַכט (nakht, “night”), Danish nat (“night”), Faroese nátt (“night”), Icelandic nátt, nótt (“night”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish natt (“night”), Scanian nøtt (“night”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts, “night”), Greek νύχτα (nýchta, “night”), Russian ночь (nočʹ, “night”), Sanskrit नक्त (naktá), नक्ति (nákti, “night”), and Latin nox (“night”), whence English nox, a doublet.
Senses: examples: text: Night, y'all! Thanks for a great evening!
glosses: Ellipsis of good night.
night
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: nīt
ipa: /naɪt/
ipa: /nʌɪt/
ipa: /niːt/
rhymes: -aɪt
homophone: knight
homophone: nite
Forms: form: nights
form: nighting
form: nighted
form: nighted
form: nite
Etymology: From Middle English nighte, night, nyght, niȝt, naht, from Old English niht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht (“night”), from Proto-Germanic *nahts (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”).
Cognate with Scots nicht, neicht (“night”), Yola neeght, nieght, nyeght (“night”), North Frisian naacht, Nacht, nåcht (“night”), Saterland Frisian Noacht (“night”), West Frisian nacht (“night”), Cimbrian, Dutch nacht (“night”), German, Low German Nacht (“night”), Luxembourgish Nuecht (“night”), Mòcheno nòcht (“night”), Vilamovian naocht (“night”), Yiddish נאַכט (nakht, “night”), Danish nat (“night”), Faroese nátt (“night”), Icelandic nátt, nótt (“night”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish natt (“night”), Scanian nøtt (“night”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts, “night”), Greek νύχτα (nýchta, “night”), Russian ночь (nočʹ, “night”), Sanskrit नक्त (naktá), नक्ति (nákti, “night”), and Latin nox (“night”), whence English nox, a doublet.
Senses: examples: text: So I took seat and ate somewhat of my vivers, my horse also feeding upon his fodder, and we nighted in that spot and next morning I set out[.]
ref: 1885, Richard F. Burton, Arabian Nights, in 16 volumes, published 2008, page 284:
glosses: To spend a night (in a place), to overnight.
win
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɪn/
rhymes: -ɪn
homophone: wynn
homophone: Nguyen
homophone: winne
homophone: when (with both the wine–whine merger and pin–pen merger)
Forms: form: wins
Etymology: From Middle English winn, winne, from Old English winn (“toil, labor, trouble, hardship; profit, gain; conflict, strife, war”), from Proto-Germanic *winną (“labour, struggle, fight”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Cognate with German Gewinn (“profit, gain”), Dutch gewin (“profit, gain”).
Senses: examples: text: Our first win of the season put us in high spirits.
text: Giovani dos Santos smashed home a third five minutes later to wrap up the win.
ref: 2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3 - 1 Shamrock Rovers”, in BBC Sport:
antonyms: loss
glosses: An individual victory.
antonyms: fail
glosses: A feat carried out successfully; a victorious achievement.
glosses: Gain; profit; income.
glosses: Wealth; goods owned.
Derived terms: for the win
no-win
win-win
you win
win
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɪn/
rhymes: -ɪn
homophone: wynn
homophone: Nguyen
homophone: winne
homophone: when (with both the wine–whine merger and pin–pen merger)
Etymology: From Middle English wynne, winne, wunne, from Old English wynn (“joy, rapture, pleasure, delight, gladness”), from Proto-West Germanic *wunnju, from Proto-Germanic *wunjō (“joy, delight, pleasure, lust”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, wish, desire, love”).
Cognate with German Wonne (“bliss, joy, delight”), archaic Dutch wonne (“joy”), Danish ynde (“grace”), Icelandic yndi (“delight”).
Senses: glosses: Pleasure; joy; delight.
glosses: Alternative form of wynn.
Derived terms: worldly win
win
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɪn/
rhymes: -ɪn
homophone: wynn
homophone: Nguyen
homophone: winne
homophone: when (with both the wine–whine merger and pin–pen merger)
Etymology: From wind.
Senses: glosses: To dry by exposure to the wind.
Synonyms: word: achieve
word: bring home the bacon
word: deserve
word: earn
word: hit the jackpot
word: indebt
word: score
word: triumph
word: victory
word: walk off with
cow
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: kou
ipa: /kaʊ/
rhymes: -aʊ
Forms: form: cows
form: cowing
form: cowed
form: cowed
Etymology: Probably from Old Norse kúga (“to oppress”) (whence also Norwegian and Danish kue, Swedish kuva); compare Icelandic kúfa (“to set on top”) and Faroese kúga (“to oppress”).
Senses: examples: text: Con artists are not cowed by the law.
text: To vanquish a people already cowed.
ref: 1711 September 22 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “TUESDAY, September 11, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 167; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page Steele:
text: Emily looked across at the girl. Large, steady, purplish-grey eyes gazed into beady, twinkling, black ones—gazed unquailingly—with something in them that cowed and compelled. The black eyes wavered and fell, their owner covering her retreat with another giggle and toss of her short braid of hair.
ref: 1923, Lucy Maud Montgomery, “Chapter 8”, in Emily of New Moon:
synonyms: word: buffalo
word: bulldoze
word: bully
word: browbeat
word: cow
word: dastardize
word: daunt
word: dishearten
word: do down
word: domineer
word: drive
word: hector
word: intimidate
word: menace
word: strong-arm
qualifier: chiefly passive voice
glosses: To intimidate; to daunt the spirits or courage of.
Derived terms: cowed
cowedly
cowedness
uncowed
cow
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kou
ipa: /kaʊ/
rhymes: -aʊ
Forms: form: cows
Senses: examples: text: Who could live to gaze from day to day on bricks and slates, who had once felt the influence of a scene like this? Who could continue to exist, where there are no cows but the cows on the chimneypots; nothing redolent of Pan but pan-tiles; […]
ref: 1836, Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers:
glosses: A chimney cowl.
cow
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kou
ipa: /kaʊ/
rhymes: -aʊ
Forms: form: cows
Etymology: Clipping of AT2018cow. From the name of the archetypal event, AT2018cow, an LFBOT. From being an astronomical transient (AT) occurring in 2018, with an automatically assigned code to distinguish it from other events in 2018.
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: LFBOT: Synonym of luminous fast blue optical transient.
Synonyms: sense: instance of
word: cow-class event
sense: instance of
word: cow event
sense: instance of
word: cow-like event
sense: instance of
english: luminous fast blue optical transient
translation: luminous fast blue optical transient
word: LFBOT
sense: class of
word: cow class
sense: class of
alt: LFBOT
word: luminous fast blue optical transient
Hypernyms: english: fast blue optical transient
translation: fast blue optical transient
word: FBOT
Jupiter
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒupɪtɚ/
ipa: [ˈd͡ʒupɪɾɚ]
Etymology: From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.
Senses: examples: text: The arrival of the new prefixes means the Earth can now be said to weigh six ronnagrams, and Jupiter about two quettagrams.
ref: 2022 November 18, Ian Sample, “Earth weighs in at six ronnagrams as new prefixes picked for big and small”, in The Guardian:
text: Ancient peoples, without telescopes, would have no knowledge that Jupiter is the largest and most majestic planet—it would only be a point of light in the sky. How then did this planet come to be named for the mythological ruler of the gods?[…]
The fact that the planet Jupiter, named for the ruling Roman god, is the most massive planet is simply a coincidence.
ref: 2025, Neil deGrasse Tyson, “Planets, Moons, and Cosmic Debris”, in Just Visiting This Planet, Revised and Updated for the Twenty-First Century (Science / Astronomy), Blackstone Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 34, 35:
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: The fifth and by far the largest planet in the Solar System, a gas giant, represented by the symbol ♃ in astronomy. Jupiter is known for its Great Red Spot and many moons including the Galilean moons.
topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.
examples: text: Brazil could be considered the Jupiter of South America.
text: Jupiter became the nickname of John Pierpont Morgan in late 19th century finance.
glosses: The largest or most prominent member of a group.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Tuolumne County, California, named after a mine.
examples: text: But there’s also a burgeoning food scene in downtown Palm Beach that’s drawing Floridians from Jupiter to Boca.
ref: 2017 March 1, Hannah Seligson, “Where to get hip in Palm Beach”, in CNN:
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Palm Beach County, Florida, named in error after the Roman god.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Kittson County, Minnesota, named after the planet.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Buncombe County, North Carolina.
glosses: A summer resort on the Black Sea in Romania.
Synonyms: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
astrology
mysticism
philosophy
human-sciences
sciences
word: ♃
Derived terms: Jupiter brain
Jupiter Island
Jupiter peach
Jupiter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒupɪtɚ/
ipa: [ˈd͡ʒupɪɾɚ]
Etymology: From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.
Senses: examples: text: 5. Jupiter, a Mace of Majestry in Bend Sol.
ref: 1693, Richard Blome, The Art of Heraldry, in two parts ... second edition ..., pages 76-77:
text: George [...] 2d. Jupiter, three Fleurs de Lis Sol, for the Arms of France. 3d. Jupiter, an Irish Harp Sol, stringed Luna, for Ireland.
ref: 1718, Samuel Kent, The Grammar of Heraldry … Second Edition:
text: 8. Tierce in Mantle, first Mars, two Lions passant-guardant in pale, Sol, for Brunswick; 2d Sol, Semi of Hearts proper, a Lion rampant Jupiter, for Lunenburgh; 3d, ente en Point, Mars, an Horse currant Luna, for Saxony. Note, these Ensigns (which are the paternal Coat of his Majesty King George) I have added as an Example, to shew the Form of what foreign Heralds term Tierce in Mantle, ente en Pointe, &c. […]
ref: 1735, Francis Nichols, The Irish Compendium … vol. III of the British Compendium, second edition, page 80:
text: ARMS. QUARTERLY, in the first grand Quarter Mars, three Lions passant-guardant in Pale, Sol; the Imperial Ensigns of England, impaled with the Royal Arms of Scotland, which are Sol, a Lion rampant within a double Tressure flower'd and counterflower'd with Fleurs-de-lis, Mars. The second Quarter is the Royal Arms of France, viz. Jupiter, three Fleurs-de-lis, Sol. The third, the Ensign of Ireland, which is, Jupiter, an Harp Sol, stringed Luna.
ref: 1737, Benjamin Martin, Bibliotheca Technologica: Or, a Philological Library, page 631:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: Azure (blue), in the postmedieval practice of blazoning the tinctures of certain sovereigns' (especially British monarchs') coats as planets.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of jupiter.
topics: alchemy
chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
pseudoscience
glosses: Tin.
brotus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹəʊ.təs/
ipa: /ˈbɹoʊ.təs/
rhymes: -əʊtəs
rhymes: -oʊtəs
Forms: form: brotuses
form: broadus
form: brawtus
Etymology: Mitford Mathews suggested in 1951 that the term derived from brot (“scrap(s), small amount(s)”), a northern England dialectal term ultimately derived from Old English brēotan, but Frederic Cassidy notes that this has "no connection to the marketing context" and Joey Lee Dillard finds the idea "unconvincing". Cassidy mentions that the term might be related to Jamaican Creole braata (“little extra given by a seller to a buyer”), though he considers this "questionable" because "the stressed vowel is rather different … and the final -us of the American form would have to be accounted for"; the Jamaican term might derive from a Spanish cognate of Portuguese barato (“favour”). An African origin has also been suggested, but not substantiated; The African Heritage of American English for example suggests derivation from an African word mbata meaning "something given on credit, without payment", but Kongo mbata in fact means "perquisite, commission, brokerage".
Senses: glosses: Something added at no extra charge, such as the thirteenth item in a baker's dozen.
Synonyms: sense: something added at no extra charge
word: lagniappe
sense: something added at no extra charge
word: bonus
Zaïre
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Zaire: (historical) Former name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a country in Central Africa; used from 1971–1997
stylized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstaɪl.aɪzd/
ipa: /ˈstaɪ.ə.laɪzd/
rhymes: -aɪlaɪzd
rhymes: -aɪəlaɪzd
Forms: form: stylised
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of stylize