and
Language: English
Part of speech: conj
Pronunciation: note: strong form
enpr: ănd
note: strong form
enpr: ĕnd
ipa: /ænd/
note: strong form
ipa: /ɛnd/
note: strong form
note: Received Pronunciation, General Australian, stressed form
ipa: [ænd]
note: Standard Southern British, stressed form
ipa: [and]
note: US, stressed form
ipa: [eənd]
note: US, stressed form
ipa: [ɛənd]
note: Canada, stressed form
ipa: [ɛənd]
note: Canada, stressed form
ipa: [æ(ː)nd]
note: Ireland, stressed form
ipa: /and/
note: Dublin, stressed form
ipa: /æn/
note: Dublin, stressed form
ipa: /ænt/
note: d
enpr: ən
ipa: /ənd/
note: weak form
ipa: /ən/
note: weak form
ipa: /æn/
note: weak form
ipa: /ɛn/
note: weak form
ipa: /ɛnd/
note: weak form
ipa: /n̩d/
note: weak form
ipa: /n̩/
note: weak form
rhymes: -ænd
rhymes: -ɛnd
homophone: an (unstressed)
homophone: ant (in some accents)
homophone: end (in some accents)
homophone: in (unstressed)
Forms: form: an'
form: 'n'
form: n
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian än (“and”), Saterland Frisian un (“and”), West Frisian en (“and”), Dutch en, ende (“and”), German und (“and”), German Low German on, un (“and”), Luxembourgish an (“and”), Vilamovian an, ana (“and”), Yiddish און (un), אונ (un), אונד (und), אונ׳ (un', “and”), Danish end (“still; ever; even”), Faroese enn (“still, yet”), Icelandic en (“and”), enn (“still, yet”), Norwegian Bokmål enn (“and”), Norwegian Nynorsk en, enn (“and”), Swedish än (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”). Doublet of an ("if").
Senses: examples: text: Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […]
ref: c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11
text: Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; […]
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
text: In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:1:
text: as for Mrs. Smith, she had claims of various kinds to recommend her quickly and permanently.
ref: 1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=III or IV), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:
text: ‘The UKBA has some serious explaining to do if it is routinely carrying out such abusive and unlawful inspections.’
ref: 2011 November 5, Mark Townsend, The Guardian:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.
examples: text: When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, and left the room.
ref: 1991, Jung Chang, Wild Swans:
text: "Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was not "tied" to his post and was willing to step aside.
ref: 2011 November 5, Helena Smith, Tom Kington, The Guardian:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Simply connecting two clauses or sentences.
examples: text: I'd been walking since sunrise, and I were hungry.
text: ‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one foot upcountry and I'll kill you.’
ref: 1996, David Beasley, Chocolate for the Poor:
text: One more error and all the good work she had done on Friday would be for nought.
ref: 2004 August 22, Will Buckley, The Observer:
text: 2007: Jimmy Carr, 8 out of 10 Cats, 13th day of July episode
Romance is dead; men killed it, and made women clean up the mess.
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first.
examples: text: Hee said, I goe sir, and went not.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew XXII::
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Yet; but.
examples: text: Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
ref: 1863 November 19, Abraham Lincoln, Dedicatory Remarks (Gettysburg Address)^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Address_(Bliss_copy)), near Soldiers' National Cemetery, →LCCN, Bliss copy, page 1:
text: In Chicago these latter were receiving, for the most part, eighteen and a half cents an hour, and the unions wished to make this the general wage for the next year.
ref: 1905 April–October, Upton Sinclair, chapter XXVI, in The Jungle, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 26 February 1906, →OCLC:
text: [H]e had bought the pen-holder during his last holidays at Blackstable for one and two-pence.
ref: 1915, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 13, in Of Human Bondage:
text: The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
ref: 1956, Dodie Smith, (title)
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (now dated); connecting shillings to pence in a monetary quantity (now historical); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes.
examples: text: And these does she apply, for warnings and portents, / And euils imminent; and on her knee / Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to day.
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
text: Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my!
ref: 1939, Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay)
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
examples: text: I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms CXLV::
text: He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as I saw it, I called home. It rang and rang, but there was no answer.’
ref: 2011 March 18, Jonathan Watts, The Guardian:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition.
examples: text: The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, and rightly, because our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied.
ref: 1918, George W. E. Russell, Prime Ministers and Some Others:
text: President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that he, and he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and anarchy.
ref: 2008 January 29, The Guardian:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause.
examples: text: And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps[…].
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation XIV::
text: ‘You take it smoothly now,’ said I, ‘but you were very serious last night, when you swore it was Death.’ ‘And so I swear it is Death,’ said he, putting his pipe back in his mouth[…].
ref: 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:
text: ‘And, Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair[…].’
ref: 1914, Saki, ‘The Lull’, Beasts and Superbeasts:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
examples: text: Beyond paying her a few charming compliments and amusing her with gay conversation, had he done anything at all to try and gain her affection?
ref: 1817 (date written), Jane Austen, edited by R[aymond] W[ilson] Chambers, Fragment of a Novel Written by Jane Austen, January–March 1817 […] [Sanditon], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, published 1925, →OCLC:
english: Sanditon
translation: Sanditon
text: "What have you a been and given Pitt's wife?" said the individual in ribbons, when Pitt and Lady Jane had taken leave of the old gentleman.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
text: Remember and help yourself to the soup! called Gavin.
ref: 1989, James Kelman, A Disaffection:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try.
examples: text: Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes and mistakes.
ref: 1936, The Labour Monthly, volume XVIII:
text: "There are managers and there are managers," he tells me. "I'm totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career."
ref: 1972, Esquire, volume LXXVIII:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other".
examples: text: Two and two is/are four.
text: ‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two and two make four: but with contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed[…].’
ref: 1791, James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson:
text: ‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one?’
ref: 1871, Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There:
glosses: As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb).
examples: text: "Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. "And he were here, he wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you."
ref: 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VII:
text: Peter answered, and sayde: master, and thou be he, bidde me come unto the on the water.
ref: 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:
text: "And he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better."
ref: 1958, Shirley Ann Grau, The Hard Blue Sky:
topics: heading
glosses: Expressing a condition.
If; provided that.
examples: text: I will roare you, and 'twere any Nightingale.
ref: c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
text: As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs.
ref: 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Innovations”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
topics: heading
glosses: Expressing a condition.
As if, as though.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Connecting two well-formed formulas to create a new well-formed formula that requires it to only be true when both of the two formulas are true.
Synonyms: sense: used to connect two similar words or phrases
word: as well as
sense: used to connect two similar words or phrases
word: together with
sense: used to connect two similar words or phrases
word: in addition to
word: &
word: 'n'
word: +
sense: in artist collaborations
word: x
Derived terms: Antigua and Barbuda
Bosnia and Herzegovina
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
piece and crisps
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
São Tomé and Príncipe
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands
Wallis and Futuna
Related terms: equal to
false
if
iff
implies
nand
nor
not
or
true
xor
formal logic