cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
red letter law
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: red letter laws
Senses: examples: text: Considerable discussion was carried on with reference to the red letter law relating to the sale of stallions within the state.
ref: 1912 March 20, J.FG. Beattie, “Wisconsin Agricultural Meetings”, in The Breeder's Gazette, volume 61, number 12, page 715:
text: Palmer explores this idea through well-established "black-letter" law (such as employment, taxation, and commercial law) and the less established "red-letter" law (such as human rights, indigenous peoples' rights, and constitutional design).
ref: 2002, MSR Palmer, “A Perspective on Balance and the Role of Law”, in Victoria University of Wellington Law Review, volume 33, number 3:
text: And before we start, I think we are in an almost corporate crime wave. There is nobody that wants to get on top of some of the criminal activity that has been going on the last, past number of years than I do. But the advantages and the below-the-radar activity that the Department can engage in is pretty clear. You can write this in red letter law all you want.
ref: 2007, United States, United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, The McNulty Memorandum's Effect on the Right to Counsel on Corporate Investigations, page 98:
text: What is perhaps more troubling is that this particular issue of nonparty disclosure is the tip of the iceberg in terms of the uncertainty under which New York lawyers practice with respect to areas that should be "red letter law."
ref: 2010, David L Ferstendig, “A practitioner's continued uncertainty: disclosure from nonparties”, in Albany Law Review:
text: The overall sentiment that prevailed throughout the passage of the Bill was that there was no place for "pontificating about red letter law"
ref: 2012, Megan Gall, “A seismic shift: public participation in the legislative response to the Canterbury earthquakes”, in Canterbury Law Review:
text: This will elevate code provisions to red letter law that can be enforced not only by regulatory authorities but also by shareholders and other stakeholders in the corporate enterprise.
ref: 2015, JE Abugu, The Monster Theory: Setting the Boundaries of Corporate Financial Malpractice (Inaugural Lecture, University of Lagos Faculty of Law):
glosses: A law that is a large-scale attempt by a government to regulate business in the interest of society at large.
chainman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chainmen
Etymology: From chain + -man.
Senses: examples: text: It was the chainman's job to drag the twenty-two-yard chain with its hundred links with which the world was measured.
ref: 2023, Richard Flanagan, Question 7, Knopf, page 8:
topics: geography
natural-sciences
surveying
glosses: One who uses a chain or measuring tape.
Related terms: rodman
legacies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of legacy
letterpresses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of letterpress
librettists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of librettist
lifegiving
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more lifegiving
form: most lifegiving
form: life-giving
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of life-giving.
liniments
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of liniment
lithographs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lithograph
lithographs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of lithograph
lobbied
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of lobby
lobsterman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɒbstə(ɹ)mən/
Forms: form: lobstermen
form: lobster-man
form: lobster man
Etymology: From lobster + -man.
Senses: synonyms: lobsterer
hypernyms: fisher
fisherman
glosses: A fisherman (male or female) for lobsters.
synonyms: lobsterer
hypernyms: fisher
fisherman
fisherman
lobsterman
glosses: A fisherman (male or female) for lobsters.
A male fisher of lobster, masculine of lobsterwoman.
coordinate_terms: lobsterwoman
examples: text: So they are unprepared when the lobsterman, in a symbolic evolutionary leap, cracks his shell and steps out as the rock superman; and, unappreciated, he is left to attempt suicide at the end.
ref: 2014, Gerald M. Berkowitz, American Drama of the Twentieth Century:
text: The movie nods to Robot Monster by giving the lobsterman a sidekick who is a gorilla with a space helmet.
ref: 2016, Thomas Kent Miller, Mars in the Movies: A History:
text: As the show progressed during its second season, the Cold War villains disappeared and Voyage settled into an entertaining, kid-friendly “monster of the week” formula, with the Seaview crew encountering aquatic beasts, ghosts, aliens, dinosaurs, an evil brain, a lobsterman, an ancient alchemist, and even a werewolf.
ref: 2018, Michael Eury, “Irwin Allen: Voyage to the Bottom of...the Barrel??”, in RetroFan, volume 3, page 33:
text: Poor Lobsterman. Out there living among regular men with regular hands. Misunderstood. Impaired, Shunned.
ref: 2020, Mary Laura Philpott, I Miss You When I Blink: Essays, page 42:
topics: fiction
literature
media
publishing
glosses: A fictional alien or monster that looks like a lobster/human hybrid.
Coordinate terms: lobsterwoman
lobsterperson
Related terms: fisherman
lobstermen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lobsterman
locksmiths
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of locksmith
lodestones
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lodestone
logarithmically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From logarithmic + -ally.
Senses: examples: text: Decibels increase logarithmically.
glosses: In a logarithmic manner.
Related terms: logarithm
logarithmic
loiterers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of loiterer
longhaired
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more longhaired
form: most longhaired
Etymology: From long + haired.
Senses: examples: text: There are numerous grooming products on the market, particularly for longhaired cats – for example, rakes, slickers and detangle sprays, many of which claim to make grooming as simple and safe as possible.
ref: 2009, Vicky Halls, The Complete Cat, page 225:
glosses: Having long hair.
examples: text: Your new boyfriend is longhaired, highbrowed and penniless: very bohemian but not commercial.
glosses: Artistic or intellectual.
examples: text: Those longhaired freaks should get a job.
glosses: Hippie-like.
lotteries
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lottery
lotharios
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lothario
lubricants
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lubricant
lubricators
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lubricator
luminaries
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of luminary
leading light
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: leading lights
Senses: examples: text: Stephen Hawking is a leading light in physics, people say he's the greatest physicist since Einstein.
glosses: An acclaimed expert, one of the foremost experts, a luminary.
topics: nautical
transport
qualifier: navigation
glosses: A light that helps to guide vessels into a port.
leading lights
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of leading light
mapmaking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mapmakings
Etymology: From map + making.
Senses: glosses: Cartography, the making of maps and charts.
mastectomies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mastectomy
masterworks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of masterwork
materializes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of materialize
materializing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of materialize
mechanizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of mechanize
mechanizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of mechanize
mechanise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛkənaɪz/
Forms: form: mechanises
form: mechanising
form: mechanised
form: mechanised
Senses: examples: text: Another site of early railway enterprise to be upgraded to 2* before benefiting from restoration (which would remove it from the 2024 at-risk register) is the S&DR [Stockton & Darlington Railway] coal drops, located in Shildon's Locomotive museum. After it was upgraded in 2021 […], 2022 research by Historic England found that the drops, constructed in 1847, were the world's first attempt at mechanising locomotive refuelling. The drops worked by chaldron wagons being taken up the incline, and their loads dropped down chutes into tenders of steam locomotives waiting below.
ref: 2025 February 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railway heritage saved in 2024”, in RAIL, number 1028, page 54:
glosses: Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of mechanize.
Derived terms: mechanisable
Related terms: mechanisation
mechanises
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of mechanise
mechanising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of mechanise
meditates
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of meditate
megatons
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of megaton
meltdowns
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of meltdown
shit-eating smile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shit-eating smiles
Senses: glosses: Synonym of shit-eating grin.
synonyms: word: shit-eating grin
clue in
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: clues in
form: cluing in
form: clueing in
form: clued in
form: clued in
Senses: examples: text: It looks like somebody finally clued them in that the intercom was broken the whole time.
glosses: To inform or tell.
Avinesh
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A male given name from Sanskrit originating in India.
derivatization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dəˌɹɪvətəˈzeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: derivatizations
Etymology: From derivatize + -ation.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A technique which transforms a chemical compound into a product of similar chemical structure.
Derived terms: prederivatization
Related terms: derivative
derivatizations
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of derivatization
sleddog
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sleddogs
Etymology: From sled + dog.
Senses: examples: text: There is something wonderful and sad about Ohio around Christmastime — maybe the reasons are the licentious, Yukon sleddog cold and the buildings on the main streets of college towns standing respectfully buttressed with graceful wings...
ref: 1968, Melvin Van Peebles, A bear for the FBI, page 131:
text: Buck, the canine hero is kidnapped from his home in the Santa Clara Walley of California and taken to Alaska to become a sleddog.
ref: 1976, Carolyn Johnston Willson, Jack London's Socialism, page 62:
text: We've just finished our winter sports season (which I prefer to summer) with skiing competitions of all kinds, skating, and even a sleddog race this year.
ref: 1990, Dolores Avelleyra Murphy, In red hats, beads & bags: 1908 graduates sharing their lives through letters, page 218:
text: The trend was reversed, finally, after the sleddog fervor spread to the lower forty-eight states.
ref: 2002, David J. Marcou, Barbara A. Pauls, America's heartland remembers:
text: The Iditarod is a main trans-Alaska Range thoroughfare for regional residents during the winter months and is venue for the 1,000-mile Iditarod Sleddog Race, the 2,000-mile Tesoro Irondog snowmachine race, and the 350-mile muscle-powered Alaska Uitrasport Iditarod Trail Invitational marathon.
ref: 2005, United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2006:
text: Between Loch Morlich and Inverdruie lies the Cairngorm Sleddog Adventure Centre, the UK's only sleddog centre.
ref: 2014, Rob Humphreys, Steve Vickers, James Stewart, The Rough Guide to Scotland, →ISBN:
glosses: Alternative form of sled dog.
sleddogs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sleddog
unpredictabilities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of unpredictability
plasmata
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Certain recent observations on the maturation of the ovum are of great interest in this connection, as illustrating the possible mechanism by which ovogenous plasma in the extrusion of the first polar body, and a number of ancestral plasmata in that of the second, are removed from the nucleus of the ovum; the former process being designed to equalize in bulk the ovogenous and germinal plasmata contained in the nucleus (Aequations-theilung), the latter to reduce the total number of ancestral plasmata present by a half (Reduktions-theilung).
ref: 1887, G. Herbert Fowler, “Professor A. Weismann’s Theory of Polar Bodies”, in Sir Norman Locker, editor, Nature, page 135:
text: The influence of genetic and physiologic factors on plasma protein composition are obvious for amphibian and reptilian plasmata, and is particularly striking for teleostian plasmata.
ref: 1959, Acta Chemica Scandinavica, volume 13, page 1100:
text: At the first ontogenesis the germ-plasma of the offspring would consist of two plasmata, those namely of the father and mother, the second obviously will have four, and so on in ever increasing complexity. These derived plasmata he calls ancestral plasmata, and, as he points out, by the time the tenth generation has been reached there will be 1,024 different ancestral plasmata in each germ-cell.
ref: 1889, Betram C. A. Windle, “On Some Recent Researches in Connection with the Maturation, Fertilisation, and Segmentation of the Ovum”, in Proceedings of the Birmingham Philosophical Society, page 249:
glosses: plural of plasma
footler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: footlers
Etymology: From footle + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who footles; a foolish trifler.
Synonyms: idler
countersubject
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: countersubjects
Etymology: From counter- + subject.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The secondary melody in contrapuntal music
chromatism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From chromato- + -ism.
Senses: glosses: The state of being coloured
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
optics
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: chromatic aberration
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: chromesthesia
Derived terms: bichromatism
dichromatism
hyperchromatism
monochromatism
parachromatism
trichromatism
fibrine
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈfaɪbɹɪn/
Etymology: From fibre + -ine.
Senses: glosses: Relating to the fibres of plants.
fibrine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈfaɪbɹɪn/
Etymology: From fibre + -ine.
Senses: glosses: Dated form of fibrin.
quaternarist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quaternarists
form: Quaternarist
Etymology: From Quaternary + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Indeed, in recent years, the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) "abolished" the Quaternary, according to riled quaternarists.
ref: 2008 January 25, Richard A. Kerr, “A Time War Over the Period We Live In”, in Science, 319(5862), page 402:
topics: biology
geography
geology
history
human-sciences
natural-sciences
paleontology
sciences
glosses: A specialist in the Quaternary period.
my pleasure
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: glosses: A polite reaction to receiving thanks, meaning that the speaker enjoyed helping the listener.
Synonyms: word: it's my pleasure
word: you're welcome
word: don't mention it
word: no problem
word: the pleasure is mine
word: the pleasure is all mine
word: no worries
linkman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: linkmen
Etymology: From link + -man. See link (“torch, light”).
Senses: synonyms: torchbearer
glosses: An adult linkboy; one bearing a torch or light.
topics: ball-games
games
hobbies
lifestyle
rugby
sports
glosses: A player who uses speed and dexterity to keep an attacking team's downfield progress fluid.
examples: text: Sajjad Zaheer was the linkman with the literary community on behalf of the nascent communist movement of India.
ref: 1997, Girja Kumar, The book on trial: fundamentalism and censorship in India, page 115:
glosses: A man who acts as a link or connection.
topics: broadcasting
media
glosses: A presenter who provides the connecting verbiage between a number of separate items in a broadcast.
Eat at Joe's
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: examples: text: For most of the inhabitants of most parts of the world today, the notion of costume begins and often ends with some variant of "Eat at Joe's."
ref: 1996, Grolier, Academic American Encyclopedia, →ISBN, page 332:
text: A lot of crop-duster-type aircraft are used to pull banners around football stadiums: Eat at Joe's.
ref: 2003, Jim Saxton, Department of Defenses Role in Combating Terrorism:
glosses: A generic commercial slogan.
perforator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: perforators
Etymology: From perforate + -or.
Senses: glosses: A tool or machine that makes holes, or perforates, materials such as paper and card.
glosses: A machine that can bore a tunnel underground
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: A perforating artery or vein
Synonyms: hole punch
Derived terms: reperforator
optode
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒp.təʊd/
ipa: /ˈɑpˌtoʊd/
rhymes: -ɒptəʊd
Forms: form: optodes
form: optrode
Etymology: From opto- + -ode.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An optical sensor device that optically measures a specific substance.
Derived terms: interoptode
microoptode
optodes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of optode
optrode
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒp.tɹəʊd/
ipa: /ˈɑpˌtɹoʊd/
rhymes: -ɒptɹəʊd
Forms: form: optrodes
form: optode
Etymology: Blend of optical + electrode
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of optode.
sauciest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Senses: glosses: superlative form of saucy: most saucy
scaliest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of scaly: most scaly
sallowest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of sallow: most sallow
link boy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: link boys
form: link-boy
form: linkboy
Etymology: From link (“torch, light”) + boy.
Senses: examples: text: “Servants is in the arms o' Porpus, I think,” said the short chairman, warming his hands at the attendant link-boy’s torch.
ref: 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the chapter name)”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:
text: By the early eighteenth century link-boys had long been part of London's criminal and sexual mythology.
ref: 2009, Dan Cruikshank, The Secret History of Georgian London, Random House, page 94:
glosses: A boy employed to carry a torch or other light at night to help people navigate through the streets.
Synonyms: linkman
torchbearer
scantest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of scant: most scant
scattiest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of scatty: most scatty
enquires
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of enquire
diastematic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more diastematic
form: most diastematic
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to diastema.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Describing a musical notation in which the pitch of a note is represented by its vertical position on the page.
blind man's buff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blind man's bluff
Etymology: From blind man's + an obsolete sense of buff, coming from Old French buffe (“blow”). First known usage from 1854.
Senses: examples: text: That was a further clue; and here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," as children say at blind-man's-buff, although, as a matter-of-fact, she had now been talking of George Miller at all.
ref: 1876, William Black, “An Encounter”, in Madcap Violet. […], volume III, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 74:
topics: games
synonyms: word: hoodman-blind
word: hoodwink
glosses: A game where one person is blindfolded and tries to catch the other players.
Related terms: english: the blindfolded player
translation: the blindfolded player
word: hoodman
mantels
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mantel
memoirist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛmˌwɑːɹɪst/
ipa: /ˈmɛmˌwɑɹɪst/
Forms: form: memoirists
Etymology: From memoir + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: A former construction worker married to the best-selling memoirist Sarah Smarsh, Mr. Spackman said he felt that he did not have anyone to talk to about books, and that a book club might be a good way to bond with other men.
ref: 2025 June 25, Joseph Bernstein, “Why Did the Novel-Reading Man Disappear?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 26 Jun 2025:
glosses: A person who writes a memoir.
memoirists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of memoirist
memorialise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: memorialises
form: memorialising
form: memorialised
form: memorialised
Etymology: From memorial + -ise.
Senses: examples: text: [T]he mode and the expression of honour to literature in France has continued to this hour tainted with false and histrionic feeling, because originally it grew up from spurious roots, prospered unnaturally upon deep abuses in the system, and at this day (so far as it still lingers) memorialises the political bondage of the nation.
ref: 1848 May–August, [Thomas De Quincey], “Art VI.—The Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith. A Biography. In Four Books. By John Forster. London, 1848. [book review]”, in The North British Review, volume IX, Edinburgh: W. P. Kennedy, […]; London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co.; Dublin: James M‘Glashan, →OCLC, page 208:
text: TAIWAN, or Chinese Formosa, is considered a Foo or district of the province of Fokien, and is governed by a Taoutai extraordinary, who, though responsible to the provincial viceroy, possesses the privilege of memorialising the Throne direct.
ref: [1864, Robert Swinhoe, “Notes on the Island of Formosa.”, in The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London, volume XXXIV, London: John Murray, published 1865, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:
text: There are two options: you can get Facebook to delete your late wife’s account or to memorialise it.
ref: 2014 October 30, Jack Schofield, “What happens to your Facebook account when you die?”, in The Guardian:
text: President Emmanuel Macron decided this summer that 46 years after her death, Baker would become only the sixth woman to be memorialised in the Panthéon in a ceremony on 30 November – the anniversary of the marriage to Jean Lion that allowed her to acquire French nationality.
ref: 2021 November 28, Jon Henley, “Dancer, singer … spy: France’s Panthéon to honour Josephine Baker”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of memorialize.
Derived terms: memorialiser
Related terms: memorialisation
memorialised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of memorialise
memorialising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of memorialise
memorialises
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of memorialise
memorializes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of memorialize
memorializing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of memorialize
memorialized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of memorialize
metronomic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more metronomic
form: most metronomic
Etymology: From metronome + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: Accross^([sic]) the shingle, the metronomic fall of waves overlapped with the call of doves.
ref: 2021, Sarah Winman, Still Life, page 214:
glosses: Regular, periodic and repetitive, like a metronome.
Derived terms: metronomically
metronomicity
microfilming
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of microfilm
microfilmed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of microfilm
microphotograph
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: microphotographs
Etymology: From micro- + photograph.
Senses: examples: text: Holonyms: microform; microfilm, microfiche; microdot
text: The advantages of the use of photographic reduction in recording documents are so obvious that it is not surprising that the first microphotograph was made shortly after the invention of photography [1-4].¹
ref: 1962, UNESCO, UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries, volume 16:
text: Microphotograph slides, however, required an expensive microscope for viewing, which make them beyond the reach of the average person.
ref: 2007, Michael R. Peres, Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications:
text: [John Benjamin] Dancer's first successful microphotograph, a daguerreotype of a 20 inches long document reduced to 3mm in length, was printed in 1839.
ref: 2008, John Hannavy, editor, Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography, volume 1, page 926, column 1:
glosses: A photograph so reduced in size that it must be viewed through a lens or a microscope.
glosses: A photograph taken through a microscope, an enlarged picture of a very small item or area: a photomicrograph.
microphotograph
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: microphotographs
form: microphotographing
form: microphotographed
form: microphotographed
Etymology: From micro- + photograph.
Senses: glosses: To create such a photograph
microphotographs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of microphotograph
Brumaire
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹuːˈmɛː/
ipa: /bɹʊˈmɛəɹ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Forms: form: Brumaires
Etymology: Borrowed from French brumaire, from brume (“mist, haze, fog”) + -aire.
Senses: glosses: The second month of the French Republican Calendar, from October 22, 23 or 24 to November 20, 21 or 22.
Derived terms: Brumairian
microphotography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɒɡɹəfi
Etymology: From micro- + photography.
Senses: glosses: The field of study of creating microphotographs, of photographing very small items or areas.
Derived terms: ultramicrophotography
microphotographic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From micro- + photographic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to microphotography.
Frimaire
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɪˈmɛː/
ipa: /fɹiˈmɛəɹ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Forms: form: Frimaires
Etymology: Borrowed from French frimaire, from frimas (“frost”) + -aire.
Senses: glosses: The third month of the French Republican Calendar, from November 21, 22 or 23 to December 20, 21 or 22.
Nivôse
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /nɪˈvəʊz/
ipa: /niˈvoʊz/
rhymes: -əʊz
Forms: form: Nivôses
form: Nivose
Etymology: Borrowed from French nivôse, from Latin nivōsus (“snowy”).
Senses: glosses: The fourth month of the French Republican Calendar, from December 21, 22 or 23 to January 19, 20 or 21.
microprocessors
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of microprocessor
Pluviôse
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpluːvɪəʊs/
ipa: /ˈpluvioʊs/
rhymes: -əʊs
Forms: form: Pluviôses
form: Pluviose
Etymology: Borrowed from French pluviôse, from Latin pluviōsus (“rainy”).
Senses: glosses: The fifth month of the French Republican Calendar, from January 20, 21 or 22 to February 18, 19 or 20.
Ventôse
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɒ̃ˈtəʊz/
ipa: /vɑnˈtoʊz/
rhymes: -əʊz
Forms: form: Ventôses
form: Ventose
Etymology: Borrowed from French ventôse, from Latin ventōsus (“windy”).
Senses: glosses: The sixth month of the French Republican Calendar, from February 19, 20 or 21 to March 20 or 21.
millworks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From mill + works.
Senses: examples: text: Don't get caught in the millworks: you'll get crushed.
glosses: The machinery and mechanisms of a mill.
Germinal
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʒɜːmɪnəl/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɝmənəl/
Forms: form: Germinals
Etymology: Borrowed from French germinal, from Latin germen (“sprout, bud”) + -al.
Senses: glosses: The seventh month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the vernal equinox (March 21 or 22) and ending on April 19 or 20.
Floréal
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈflɔːɹɪ.əl/
ipa: /ˌflɔɹeɪˈɑl/
rhymes: -ɑːl
rhymes: -ɔːɹiəl
Forms: form: Floréals
Etymology: Borrowed from French floréal, from Latin flōreus (“flowery”) + -al.
Senses: glosses: The eighth month of the French Republican Calendar, from April 20 or 21 to May 19 or 20.
millwrights
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of millwright
Prairial
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɛːɹɪ.əl/
ipa: /pɹɛɹˈjɑl/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiəl
rhymes: -ɑːl
Forms: form: Prairials
Etymology: Borrowed from French prairial, from prairie (“meadow, prairie, pasture”) + -al.
Senses: glosses: The ninth month of the French Republican Calendar, from May 20 or 21 to June 18 or 19.
minicomputers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of minicomputer
miniskirted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: mini-skirted
Etymology: From miniskirt + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: She paused to show off her miniskirted legs.
glosses: Wearing a miniskirt.
Messidor
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛsɪdɔː/
ipa: /ˌmɛsɪˈdɔɹ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: Messidors
Etymology: Borrowed from French messidor, from Latin messis (“harvest”) + Ancient Greek δῶρον (dôron, “gift”).
Senses: glosses: The tenth month of the French Republican Calendar, from June 19 or 20 to July 18 or 19.
misbehaved
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of misbehave
Thermidor
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈθɜːmɪdɔː/
ipa: /ˈθɝmədɔɹ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: Thermidors
Etymology: Borrowed from French thermidor, from Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + δῶρον (dôron, “gift”).
Senses: synonyms: (obsolete) Fervidor
glosses: The eleventh month of the French Republican Calendar, from July 19 or 20 to August 17 or 18.
Thermidor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈθɜːmɪdɔː/
ipa: /ˈθɝmədɔɹ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: Thermidors
Etymology: Borrowed from French thermidor, from Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + δῶρον (dôron, “gift”).
Senses: examples: text: According to Sartre — this was a famous polemic — Camus had now made his Thermidor (counter-revolution) by attempting to stand outside or above history;
ref: 2003, David Caute, The Dancer Defects: The Struggle for Cultural Supremacy during the Cold War, OUP Oxford, →ISBN, page 329:
text: So the author, after seeking vainly between the editions of 1938 and 1965 a peg on which to hang his Thermidor, in the end gave up and labeled the Russian case "permanent revolution," without, however, explaining how this aberrant outcome of the Bolshevik fever came about.
ref: 2008, Martin Malia, Terence Emmons, History's Locomotives: Revolutions and the Making of the Modern World, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 304:
text: The year —that was the beginning of the Soviet Thermidor.43 Thus Trotsky finally recognized that a Thermidor had in fact occurred, not as an overt bourgeois coup but as a more subtle political shift within the ruling party.
ref: 2008, Robert V. Daniels, The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia, Yale University Press, →ISBN:
text: Usually, in a Thermidor, the democratic reforms that appeared early in the revolution are wiped out along with many of the radical policies.
ref: 2009, Philip Abbott, Political Thought in America: Conversations and Debates, Fourth Edition, Waveland Press, →ISBN, page 46:
glosses: A counterrevolution; a coup d'état resembling the Thermidorian Reaction.
Derived terms: Lobster Thermidor
Thermidorian
misbehaves
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of misbehave
conductant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more conductant
form: most conductant
Senses: glosses: able to conduct (e.g. conduct electrical current); conductive
conductant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Water is a conductant.
text: They applied a conductant to his scalp in preparation for the electric shock treatment.
glosses: a conductant substance
Fructidor
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹʊktɪdɔː/
ipa: /ˌfɹʊktəˈdɔɹ/
ipa: /ˌfɹʏktəˈdɔɹ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: Fructidors
Etymology: Borrowed from French fructidor, from Latin fructus (“fruit”) + Ancient Greek δῶρον (dôron, “gift”).
Senses: glosses: The twelfth and final month of the French Republican Calendar, from August 18 or 19 to September 16 or 17.
Derived terms: Fructidorian
Vendémiaire
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɛnˌdɛmɪˈɛː/
ipa: /ˌvɑndəˈmjɛəɹ/
ipa: /ˌvɑ̃deɪˈmjɛəɹ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Forms: form: Vendémiaires
form: Vendemiaire
Etymology: Borrowed from French vendémiaire, from Latin vīndēmia (“grape harvest”) + -aire.
Senses: glosses: The first month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the autumnal equinox (September 22, 23 or 24) and ending on October 21, 22 or 23.
nuclear-free
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From nuclear + -free.
Senses: glosses: Free of nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power stations, especially by official declaration.
squabbly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɒbəli
Forms: form: more squabbly
form: most squabbly
Etymology: From squabble + -y.
Senses: examples: text: We came to have paid staff, and had to go by rules and regulations and contracts, and things started to get squabbly
ref: 2000, Staughton Lynd, Alice Lynd, The New Rank and File, page 125:
text: Perhaps the two girls were closer to each other, but Osgood and I were a squabbly pair of youngsters.
ref: 1983, Frederick Vanderbilt Field, From Right to Left: An Autobiography, page 37:
glosses: Having the tendency to squabble, argumentative
niggly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɪɡ(ə)li/
rhymes: -ɪɡli
rhymes: -ɪɡəli
Forms: form: more niggly
form: most niggly
Etymology: From niggle + -y.
Senses: examples: text: With so much at stake, both teams were hesitant and cagey early on, the game with littered with late tackles and niggly fouls.
ref: 2024 August 29, Alex Mills, “Larne headed for Conference League group stages as Andy Ryan hat-trick secures historic Play-Off joy”, in Belfast Telegraph:
glosses: Bad-tempered, especially about trivial details.
examples: text: They'd argue a lot, about little niggly things — and they had never been like that.
ref: 2003, Michael Morpurgo, Kensuke's Kingdom, page 5:
text: You soon discover there isn't time (nor is there any need) to put in the niggly details. The essence of the pose is its attitude or action and a hint of the model.
ref: 1994, Douglas R. Graves, Life Drawing in Charcoal, page 153:
glosses: Trivial, insignificant
examples: text: Now things are less confrontational but just as niggly. The Spanish examine drivers' papers with elaborate care, causing huge traffic jams
ref: 2003, Michael Palin, Sahara, page 16:
glosses: Pernickety, paying too much attention to small details.
orienteer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: orienteers
Etymology: Borrowed from Swedish orientera.
Senses: examples: text: She is an expert orienteer.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
synonyms: orienteerer
glosses: Someone who takes part in the sport of orienteering.
orienteer
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: orienteers
form: orienteering
form: orienteered
form: orienteered
Etymology: Borrowed from Swedish orientera.
Senses: examples: text: She travels worldwide to orienteer.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: to race across unfamiliar countryside using a map and compass
Derived terms: orienteerer
Vayu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Vaayu
form: Vāyu
Etymology: Borrowed from Sanskrit वायु (Vāyú).
Senses: glosses: The god of wind in Hindu and Vedic religion. A primary deity, father of Bhima and the spiritual father of Lord Hanuman.
physical law
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: physical laws
Senses: examples: text: The assumption seems to have been made that because mechanisms (and so also organisms) work in accordance with physical and chemical laws, they are wholly explicable as the resultants of the operation of these laws.
ref: 1986, Harry Prosch, Michael Polanyi: A Critical Exposition
text: No organism can behave in a manner that would break or contradict physical and chemical laws.
ref: 2005, Robert Inkpen, Science, Philosophy and Physical Geography
text: The unifying features are the saltwater itself and the fact that the variations are controlled by universal chemical, physical and biological laws.
ref: 2014, Colin Pearson, Conservation of Marine Archaeological Objects
glosses: A scientific generalization based upon empirical observation that is part of physics, standing in contrast to chemical law, biological law, sociological law, etc.
examples: text: the celebrated Northampton Tables agree with Demoivre's hypothesis in their money results, though by no means exhibiting the same physical law of life
ref: 1861, The English Cyclopædia: A New Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, page 463:
text: The question is simply which is the lesser burden, subjection to the human laws of health or subjection to the physical laws of disease.
ref: 1899, Joseph Lee, “Liberty through Legislation”, in The Bay State Monthly, page 439:
text: “What if we've discovered the underlying physical law of life itself, Jill? […]"
ref: 2006, Jane Jensen, Dante's Equation, page 248:
text: He believed that the fundamental physical law of life was motion and that the predominant human impulses were fear and, among those above the poverty level, pride and vanity.
ref: 2008, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., The Ideas that Made the Modern World, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., page 174:
text: Emergence is not connected to the physical laws of molecules, any more than the shape of the chess pieces can explain the rules and the game that is played.
ref: 2018, Bernard Dugué, Time, Emergences and Communications:
text: This is particularly challenging for network analysis since its origins in the 1930 were permeated by explicit intention of modeling social systems by identifying physical laws of social gravitation.
ref: 2020, Traci M. Cihon, Mark A. Mattaini, Behavior Science Perspectives on Culture and Community, page 80:
synonyms: natural law
law of nature
glosses: A universal statement about the operation of nature, based on empirical observations of physical behavior, tested using the scientific method.
drooly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -uːli
Forms: form: droolier
form: drooliest
Etymology: From drool + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Nestor leans down and pats NJ on the head and NJ jumps right up in his lap and gives him a big slurpy, drooly doggy kiss right on his face.
ref: 2007, A. L. Niflhaim, Gail McLeod, Christmas in Distress, page 85:
text: Only I remember how my baby gurgled with joy at age three months and gave me a drooly, lop-sided grin when I entered her pretty sunshine-yellow room […]
ref: 1998, Anne McCracken, Mary Semel, A Broken Heart Still Beats: After Your Child Dies, page 58:
glosses: Producing an excess of drool.
examples: text: a drooly pillow
glosses: Covered in drool.
Derived terms: drooliness
Mahabharata
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /mə.hɑˈbɑ.ɹə.tə/
ipa: /mə.ɦɑːˈbʱɑː.ɾə.t̪ə/
Forms: form: Maha-Bharata
form: Maha-bharata
form: maha-bharata
form: Maha Bharata
form: Maha bharata
form: maha bharata
form: Mahābhārata
form: mahābhārata
form: Mahā-Bhārata
form: Mahā-bhārata
form: mahā-bhārata
form: Mahā Bhārata
form: Mahā bhārata
form: mahā bhārata
Etymology: Transliteration of Sanskrit महाभारत (mahābhārata).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: An ancient Sanskrit epic concerning some text of the Bhagavad Gita, including elaborations on theology and morality.
wikipedia: Mahabharata
chappel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chappels
Senses: glosses: Obsolete spelling of chapel.
natural law
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: natural laws
Senses: examples: text: Thus, for example, it is a natural law, that he who has been the author of any damage ought to repair it.
ref: 1850 [1689], Jean Domat, translated by William Strahan, edited by Luther S. Cushing, The Civil Law in Its Natural Order, 2nd edition, volume 1, page 65:
text: For Maritain, natural law is not a written law; it is immanent in nature.
ref: 1999, William Sweet, “Maritain, Jacques (1882–1973)”, in The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia, →ISBN, page 534:
text: The content of the natural law is the substantive account of ways of living that bring humanity to its natural good. In this broad sense, the natural law is much broader than law understood as a specific human institution.
ref: 2010, Roger A. Shiner, “Law and Its Normativity”, in Dennis Patterson, editor, A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 424:
topics: human-sciences
law
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The set of universal legal or moral principles said to be discernible from nature by reason alone; one of these principles.
examples: text: One of the reasons why it is sometimes felt that natural law is a predominantly rationalistic philosophy is because it has been associated with the concepts of the state of nature and of the original contract.
ref: 1970, Mark H. Waddicor, Montesquieu and the Philosophy of Natural Law, page 40:
text: Another component of natural law is the view that some specific moral norms follow from these principles in such a way that it is easy for people to see their truth, even though it is possible, because of cultural distortion or personal immorality, that people be ignorant of them.
ref: 1992, Joseph Boyle, “Natural Law and the Ethics of Traditions”, in Robert P. George, editor, Natural Law Theory: Contemporary Essays, →ISBN, page 11:
text: Buckle […] argues that Grotius and Pufendorf understood Natural Law as a science of morals grounded in human nature.
ref: 2007, W. Duncan Reekie, Spiritual Capital, Natural Law and the Secular Market Place, →ISBN, page 21:
topics: human-sciences
law
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A theory describing or positing such principles.
examples: text: It may seem an obvious objection that many of the Natural Laws have no connection whatever with the Spiritual World, and as a matter of fact are not continued through it. Gravitation for instance—what direct application has that in the Spiritual World?
ref: 1883, Henry Drummond, Natural Law in the Spiritual World:
synonyms: physical law
glosses: A law relating to natural phenomena, a law of nature.
Synonyms: sense: generally
word: law of nature
Coordinate terms: sense: legal or moral principles
word: arbitrary law
sense: legal or moral principles
word: common law
sense: legal or moral principles
word: divine law
sense: legal or moral principles
word: positive law
Vasuki
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: The god of snakes in Hindu mythology.
white coat hypertension
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: white-coat hypertension
form: whitecoat hypertension
Etymology: From white coat + hypertension.
From the stereotypical uniform of a medical practitioner.
Senses: examples: text: Patients with white coat hypertension did not show a generalized increase of blood pressure lability, nor an exaggerated pressor response while at work. . . . In such patients, the pressor response may be relatively specific to the physician's office and lead to significant misclassification of hypertension.
ref: 1988 January 8, T. G. Pickering et al., “How common is white coat hypertension?”, in Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA):
topics: medicine
sciences
synonyms: white coat effect
white coat syndrome
white coat high blood pressure
glosses: Elevated blood pressure measured by a medical practitioner and deemed to result from the patient's emotional response to the medical environment.
white coat effect
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From white coat + effect.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of white coat hypertension.
synonyms: word: white coat hypertension
white coat high blood pressure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From white coat + high blood pressure.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of white coat hypertension.
synonyms: word: white coat hypertension
Related terms: blood pressure
white-coat hypertension
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of white coat hypertension.
blandisher
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blandishers
Etymology: From blandish + -er.
Senses: glosses: Flatterer.
Related terms: blandishment
Hidimba
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A demon in the Mahabharata.
Ekachakra
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A town in India, mentioned in the Mahabharata.
Balarama
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from Sanskrit बलराम (balarāma).
Senses: glosses: Balarama, son of Vasudeva, and Rohini, brother of Subhadra, and Krishna, who uses a plough as his weapon.
Kaunas
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: The second largest city of Lithuania.
bobbly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɒbəli
Forms: form: bobblier
form: bobbliest
Etymology: From bobble + -y.
Senses: glosses: Containing bobbles.
slurpy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈslɜː(ɹ)pi/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)pi
Forms: form: slurpier
form: slurpiest
Etymology: From slurp + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Nestor leans down and pats NJ on the head and NJ jumps right up in his lap and gives him a big slurpy, drooly doggy kiss right on his face.
ref: 2007, A. L. Niflhaim, Gail McLeod, Christmas in Distress, page 85:
text: She wet her hands in a pan of brown water, then rubbed her palms together, a slurpy sound.
ref: 1998, Cris Mazza, Animal Acts: Fictions, page 55:
glosses: Sloppy; sounding or feeling like the slurping of liquid.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: In the Raku programming language: being a form of variadic parameter list that can capture additional parameters.
Derived terms: slurpily
slurpiness
Related terms: Slurpee
like a lamb to the slaughter
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Forms: form: as a lamb to the slaughter
Senses: examples: 1993, a-ha - Lamb To The Slaughter
I went down to the water
Like a lamb to the slaughter
Didn't know what was waiting for me there
Nobody warned me
Nobody told me
My excuse is I wasn't prepared
qualifier: simile
glosses: Helplessly and innocently, without knowing the unpleasant consequences.