cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
flirt
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /flɜːt/
ipa: /flɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
Etymology: 1553, from the merger of Early Modern English flirt (“to flick”), flurt (“to mock, jibe, scorn”), and flirt, flurt (“a giddy girl”). Of obscure origin and relation. Apparently related to similar words in Germanic, all of apparently onomatopoeic origin, compare Low German flirt (“a flick of the fingers, a light blow”), Low German flirtje (“a giddy girl”), Low German flirtje (“a flirt”), German Flittchen (“a flirt; tart; hussy”), Norwegian flira (“to giggle, titter”). Compare also Early Modern English jillflirt, gillian flirt, and flirt-gill (“a flirt”), and Scots flird (“a trifling", also, "to jibe, jeer at, talk idly, flirt, flaunt”), which is perhaps from Middle English flerd (“mockery, fraud, deception”), from Old English fleard (“nonsense, vanity, folly, deception”); potentially related to Icelandic flærð (“trickiness, deceit”), Swedish flärd (“vanity, frivolity, flamboyance”), Dutch flard (“tatter, shred”). See flird.
Senses: examples: text: He had “large dark blue eyes, wide open, very coquet, very flirt in the way he looked at you.”
ref: 2005, Constance Crawford, Babette: Elisabeth Ullman Wills, page 57:
text: Now Maggie knew that he was flirt and for the most part it didn't bother her when he flirted with other girls because she knew that at the end of the day she was the one that he would end up kissing.
ref: 2010, Tasha Harper, Her Wall, page 227:
text: You know I've been very flirt with girls.
ref: 2016, Samra Kiyani, Love Vs. Rituals & Provocation, page 103:
glosses: Flirtatious.
Derived terms: beflirt
cyberflirt
flirtable
flirtaholic
flirtation
flirtatious
flirtatiously
flirtee
flirt-gill
flirtini
flirtish
flirtishly
flirtship
flirtsome
flirty
jillflirt
microflirting
micro-flirting
smirt
superflirt
flirtation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fləˈteɪʃn̩/
ipa: /flɚˈteɪʃn̩/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: flirtations
Etymology: From flirt + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: The inquest on keeper Davidson was duly held, and at the commencement seemed likely to cause Tony Palliser less anxiety than he had expected. Northrop knew all about Tony's flirtation with Lucy Davidson, but it also knew a good deal more about that lady than Tony did, and exculpated him.
ref: 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 4, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:
glosses: Playing at courtship; coquetry.
examples: text: Courtenaye augured well from the profound silence; suddenly a burst of applause shook the house, the curtain had fallen, and Booth sprang to Walter's side, who was still engaged in an animated flirtation with an actress who was to play in the afterpiece.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 70–71:
glosses: An instance of flirting.
examples: text: The elimination of vacuum-braked wagons would be slowed down, and the Western Region's flirtation with diesel-hydraulic locomotives was questioned.
ref: 2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 52:
glosses: A period of experimentation with or interest in a particular idea or activity.
Derived terms: cyberflirtation
flirtational
flirtationless
flirtationship
flirtatious
Related terms: flirt
roving eye
fluctuation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: fluctuations
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin fluctuatiōnem, accusative singular of fluctuatiō, from fluctuō, from fluctus. Morphologically fluctuate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: the fluctuations of the sea
text: The scientific instruments of the day recorded rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, as powerful electrical currents flowed through the upper atmosphere.
ref: 2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:
glosses: A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; an irregular rising and falling.
examples: text: fluctuations of opinion
text: fluctuations of prices
glosses: A wavering; unsteadiness.
glosses: In medicine, a wave-like motion or undulation of a fluid in a natural or abnormal cavity (e.g. pus in an abscess), which is felt during palpation or percussion.
Derived terms: cofluctuation
fluctuational
fluctuation theorem
microfluctuation
quantum fluctuation
refluctuation
Related terms: fluctuate
foment
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəʊˈmɛnt/
ipa: /foʊˈmɛnt/
ipa: /fəˈmɛnt/
rhymes: -ɛnt
homophone: ferment stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: foments
form: fomenting
form: fomented
form: fomented
Etymology: From Middle English fomenten, a borrowing from Old French fomenter, from Late Latin fōmentāre, from Latin fōmentum (“lotion”), from fovēre (“heat, cherish”).
Senses: examples: text: He was arrested for fomenting a riot; after all, it's bad enough being in a riot but starting one is much worse.
text: Foreign governments have tried to foment unrest.
text: Blogjects always have some form of agency — they can foment action and participate; they have an assertive voice within the social web.
ref: 2006 March 14, Roland Piquepaille, “The new world of 'blogjects'”, in ZDNET, archived from the original on 26 Sep 2023:
text: Boris Johnson and senior Conservative ministers have vigorously condemned the violence in Washington, but have largely steered clear of condemning Trump for fomenting it.
ref: 2021 January 7, Peter Walker, “Tories urged to suspend politicians who likened US violence to anti-Brexit protests”, in The Guardian:
text: “Indignation foments extreme behaviour,” the director says of a film he believes will leave audiences wondering: “How far will people go as a result of their anger?”
ref: 2023 September 11, Tom Phillips, “‘A Brazilian 9/11’: film tells little-known story of failed 1988 hijacking”, in The Guardian:
text: As figures like Warsi took to the TV and podcast studios the politicians who are normally most vocal when there are divisions to be fomented and culture wars to be fought went awol.
ref: 2024 August 10, David Olusoga, “There can be no excuses. The UK riots were violent racism fomented by populism”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: word: bring about
word: provoke
word: abet
word: actuate
word: goose
word: send
word: sting
word: bring about
word: cheer
word: drive
word: encourage
word: egg on
word: engender
word: evoke
word: excite
word: foment
word: goad
word: grill
word: ignite
word: impel
word: incite
word: induce
word: inflame
word: instigate
word: invoke
word: lash
word: motive
word: motivate
word: move
word: obligate
word: oblige
word: push
word: promote
word: prompt
word: provoke
word: rouse
word: set off
word: spark off
word: spur
word: spur on
word: stimulate
word: stir
word: stir up
word: stoke
word: tempt
word: urge
word: whet
word: whip up
glosses: To incite or cause troublesome acts; to encourage; to instigate.
examples: text: The maid had entered with us, and began once more to foment the bruise upon her mistress's brow.
ref: 1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Abbey Grange, Norton, published 2005, page 1178:
topics: medicine
sciences
synonyms: beath
poultice
glosses: To apply a poultice to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge.
Derived terms: fomentation
refoment
unfomented
foment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəʊˈmɛnt/
ipa: /foʊˈmɛnt/
ipa: /fəˈmɛnt/
rhymes: -ɛnt
homophone: ferment stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: foments
Etymology: From Middle English foment, from Latin fōmentum.
Senses: examples: text: He came in no conciliatory mood, and the foment was kept up.
ref: 1892, Julian Ralph, On Canada's Frontier:
glosses: Fomentation.
fondly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɑndli/
ipa: /ˈfɒndli/
Forms: form: more fondly
form: most fondly
Etymology: From Middle English fondly, fondely, fonnedli, equivalent to fond + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: He looked fondly at the pictures of his high-school friends.
glosses: In a fond manner; affectionately; tenderly.
examples: text: "Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?" / I fondly ask...
ref: 1673, John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent ('On His Blindness')
text: […] she fondly believes that ten millions of the free people of the Union will allow her and her seceding brethren to open and shut the portals of this mighty region at their pleasure.
ref: 1861, The Living Age:
glosses: Foolishly.
foolscap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfuːl.skæp/
ipa: /ˈfuːlz.kæp/
ipa: /ˈfʊl.skæp/
ipa: /ˈfoʊl.skæp/
Forms: form: foolscaps
Etymology: Probably from a watermark of a fool's cap.
Senses: qualifier: strictly
glosses: Writing paper sheets measuring 13.25 x 16.5 inches.
examples: text: At twilight in the summer there is never anybody to fear—man, woman, or cat—in the chambers and at that hour the mice come out. They do not eat parchment or foolscap or red tape, but they eat the luncheon crumbs.
ref: 1892, Walter Besant, chapter II, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
qualifier: more usually
glosses: Such a sheet folded or cut in half, thus approximately 8 x 13.25 inches.
glosses: Printing paper measuring 13.5 inches x 17 inches.
glosses: Alternative form of fool's cap.
Derived terms: double foolscap
Related terms: legal
quarto
foray
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɒɹ.eɪ/
ipa: /ˈfɔɹ.eɪ/
ipa: /ˈfɑɹ.eɪ/
ipa: /ˈfɔɹ.æɪ/
rhymes: -ɒɹeɪ
Forms: form: forays
form: forrey
Etymology: From Middle English forrayen (“to pillage”), a back-formation of forrayour, forreour, forrier (“raider, pillager”), from Old French forrier, fourrier, a derivative of fuerre (“provender, fodder, straw”), from Frankish *fōdar (“fodder, sheath”), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“fodder, feed, sheath”), from Proto-Indo-European *patrom (“fodder”), *pat- (“to feed”), *pāy- (“to guard, graze, feed”).
Cognate with Old High German fuotar (German Futter (“fodder, feed”)), Old English fōdor, fōþer (“food, fodder, covering, case, basket”), Dutch voeder (“forage, food, feed”), Danish foder (“fodder, feed”), Icelandic fóður (“fodder, sheath”). More at fodder, food, forage.
Senses: glosses: A sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid.
examples: text: Bastian Schweinsteiger and Muller were among many who should have added the third, and City were limited to rare forays with the excellent Boateng pinching the ball off Aguero and Aleksandar Kolarov shooting wide in stoppage time.
ref: 2011 September 27, Alistair Magowan, “Bayern Munich 2 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: A brief excursion or attempt, especially outside one's accustomed sphere.
foray
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɒɹ.eɪ/
ipa: /ˈfɔɹ.eɪ/
ipa: /ˈfɑɹ.eɪ/
ipa: /ˈfɔɹ.æɪ/
rhymes: -ɒɹeɪ
Forms: form: forays
form: foraying
form: forayed
form: forayed
form: forrey
Etymology: From Middle English forrayen (“to pillage”), a back-formation of forrayour, forreour, forrier (“raider, pillager”), from Old French forrier, fourrier, a derivative of fuerre (“provender, fodder, straw”), from Frankish *fōdar (“fodder, sheath”), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“fodder, feed, sheath”), from Proto-Indo-European *patrom (“fodder”), *pat- (“to feed”), *pāy- (“to guard, graze, feed”).
Cognate with Old High German fuotar (German Futter (“fodder, feed”)), Old English fōdor, fōþer (“food, fodder, covering, case, basket”), Dutch voeder (“forage, food, feed”), Danish foder (“fodder, feed”), Icelandic fóður (“fodder, sheath”). More at fodder, food, forage.
Senses: examples: text: The people of Granada resumed all at once their ancient activity, foraying into the Christian territories, surprising Alhendin and some other places of less importance, and stirring up the spirit of revolt in Guadix and other conquered cities.
ref: 1837, William Hickling Prescott, History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic:
glosses: To participate in a foray.
examples: text: "It seems as though I have lived this life always. The world of books and bookish folk is very vague, more like a dream memory than an actuality. I surely have hunted and forayed and fought all the days of my life. And you, too, seem a part of it. You are -- " I was on the verge of saying, "my woman, my mate," but glibly changed it to -- "standing the hardship well."
ref: 1904, Jack London, chapter 30, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
text: Over the summer, I'd been following the news cycle, foraying into online journalism, and I wrote a couple of pieces on male victims of sexual violence, who are often left to the margins or forgotten altogether in feminist accounts of rape culture.
ref: 2018, Abigail Rine Favale, Into the Deep:
glosses: To do or attempt something outside one's typical area of expertise.
examples: text: He bad to open wyde his brazen gate,
 Which long time had bene shut, and out of hond
 Proclaymed joy and peace through all his state;
 For dead now was their foe which them forrayed late.
ref: 1590, Edward Spenser, The Faerie Queene:
text: Bruce forayed Cumberland, and threatened Berwick, so that the poor Countess of Buchan was removed from thence to a more secure place of captivity.
ref: 1857, Charlotte Mary Yonge, Cameos from English History, from Rollo to Edward II:
glosses: To scour an area for goods as part of a foray.
Derived terms: forayer
forfend
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːˈfɛnd/
ipa: /fə-/
ipa: /fɔɹˈfɛnd/
rhymes: -ɛnd
Forms: form: forfends
form: forfending
form: forfended
form: forfended
Etymology: From Middle English forfenden (“to ward off, protect, prohibit”), equivalent to for- + fend.
Senses: examples: text: Clown: … You would know where Lord Anthonie is? I perceiue you. Shall I ſay he is in yond farme houſe? I deceiue you. Shall I tell you this wine is for him? the gods forfend, and ſo I end. Go fellow fighters theres a bob for ye.
ref: 1594, Thomas Lodge, The Wounds of Civil War, act 4, scene 1, page 54:
text: 2008, Lew, short circuit operators, zbadnYZNaK6VM1zanZ2dnUVZ_r7inZ2d@comcast.com
What? Multi-posting? Usenet Gods forfend!
text: People have long given thought to the causes of danger and how they might be forfended.
ref: 2018, Steven Pinker, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress, page 271:
glosses: To prohibit; to forbid; to avert.
Derived terms: God forfend
forgery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔː.dʒəɹ.ɪ/
ipa: /ˈfɔːɹ.d͡ʒəɹ.ɪ/
Forms: form: forgeries
Etymology: Recorded since 1574; from forge + -ery, from Middle English forgen, via Anglo-Norman forger, from Old French forgier, from Latin fabricārī (“to frame, construct, fabricate”), itself from fabrica (“workshop; construction”), from faber (“workman, smith”).
Senses: examples: text: the forgery of horseshoes
glosses: The act of forging metal into shape.
examples: text: the forgery of a bond
text: Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off.
ref: 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
glosses: The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; especially the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another, the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud.
glosses: That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised or counterfeited.
glosses: An invention, creation.
Synonyms: counterfeit
fake
Derived terms: cross-site request forgery
forger
philatelic forgery
postal forgery
sporgery
formularization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: formularizations
form: formularisation
Etymology: From formular + -ization.
Senses: glosses: The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated statement or exhibition.
formulation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: formulations
Senses: glosses: The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.
examples: The formulation with the bare infinitive was somewhat less common.
glosses: The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.
A particular linguistic construction; a turn of phrase.
examples: text: If you liked our old shampoo, you'll love the new kinder, gentler formulation.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A medicinal preparation.
Derived terms: bioformulation
coformulation
formulational
misformulation
nanoformulation
nonformulation
preformulation
reformulation
Related terms: formula
formulate
fortification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfəˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: fortifications
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French fortification, from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis. By surface analysis, fort + -ification.
Senses: glosses: The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy.
examples: text: Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.
ref: 1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170:
text: “[…] We are engaged in a great work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic?[…]”
ref: 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
text: As Edwin Clark [...] wrote in 1850: "[...] The lofty towers of the castle overhang the western approach to the Bridge, and the line passes into Conway through an opening pierced in the embattled wall, which entirely surrounds the town. These fortifications are in good preservation, and rank among the most perfect examples of the strongholds of the 13th century."
ref: 2022 January 12, Dr. Joseph Brennan, “Castles: ruined and redeemed by rail”, in RAIL, number 948, page 54:
synonyms: bastion
glosses: That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.
examples: text: Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical.
ref: 1979 July, Kiplinger's Personal Finance, volume 33, number 7, page 47:
glosses: An increase in effectiveness, as by adding ingredients.
glosses: A jagged pattern sometimes seen during an attack of migraine.
Derived terms: biofortification
fortification curtain
nonfortification
overfortification
postfortification
refortification
Related terms: fortify
fortress
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/
ipa: /ˈfoɹ.tɹəs/
ipa: /ˈfɔː.tɹəs/
note: without the horse–hoarse merger, rhotic
ipa: /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹ.tɹəs/
Forms: form: fortresses
Etymology: Early 14 c., from Old French forteresce, forteresse, forterece (“strong place, fortification”), variant of fortelesse, from Medieval Latin fortalitia, from Latin fortis (“strong”) (see fort) + -itia, added to adjectives to form nouns of quality or condition. French -ess, from Latin -itia is also in words such as duress, largesse and riches. For change of medial -l- to -r- in Old French, compare orne (“elm”) from ulmus; chartre from cartula and chapitre from capitulum. First attested in the 12th century.
Senses: examples: text: Like the Mesolithic age of 10,000-8000 B.C., the period 6000-4000 B.C. seems to be one of the fall of fortresses and the rise of pastoral nomadism.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 160:
glosses: A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; for example a fort, a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.
topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: A position that, if obtained by the weaker side, will prevent penetration by the opposing side, generally achieving a draw.
Synonyms: bastion
stronghold
bulwark
citadel
Derived terms: cyberfortress
fortresslike
superfortress
Related terms: fortalice
fortilice
fortress
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/
ipa: /ˈfoɹ.tɹəs/
ipa: /ˈfɔː.tɹəs/
note: without the horse–hoarse merger, rhotic
ipa: /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹ.tɹəs/
Forms: form: fortresses
form: fortressing
form: fortressed
form: fortressed
Etymology: Early 14 c., from Old French forteresce, forteresse, forterece (“strong place, fortification”), variant of fortelesse, from Medieval Latin fortalitia, from Latin fortis (“strong”) (see fort) + -itia, added to adjectives to form nouns of quality or condition. French -ess, from Latin -itia is also in words such as duress, largesse and riches. For change of medial -l- to -r- in Old French, compare orne (“elm”) from ulmus; chartre from cartula and chapitre from capitulum. First attested in the 12th century.
Senses: examples: text: Honour and Beautie in the owners armes, / Are weaklie fortreſt from a world of harmes.
ref: 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard, to fortify.
fossilization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fossilizations
form: fossilisation
Etymology: From fossil + -ization or fossilize + -ation.
Senses: synonyms: fossilification
glosses: The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.
glosses: The process of becoming fixed, unchanging, and out of date.
Derived terms: prefossilization
foul
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: foul
ipa: /faʊl/
rhymes: -aʊl
homophone: fowl
rhymes: -aʊəl
Forms: form: fouls
form: foule
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”).
Senses: examples: text: A second Norwich goal in four minutes arrived after some dire Newcastle defending. Gosling gave the ball away with a sloppy back-pass, allowing Crofts to curl in a cross that the unmarked Morison powered in with a firm, 12-yard header.
Gosling's plight worsened when he was soon shown a red card for a foul on Martin.
ref: 2011 December 10, Arindam Rej, “Norwich 4 - 2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:
text: Even though we were swept, we did outstat the Fast Breakers in one category: they had six technical fouls for the series (three for Bibby, two for Matthews, and one for Shouse), and we totaled nine (three each for Mannion and me, one each for Jose Slaughter, Lewis, and Lamp).
ref: 2011, Charley Rosen, Crazy Basketball: A Life In and Out of Bounds, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 216:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball.
topics: bowling
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A (usually accidental) contact between a bowler and the lane before the bowler has released the ball.
examples: text: Jones hit a foul up over the screen.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A foul ball, a ball which has been hit outside of the base lines.
Derived terms: offensive foul
party foul
personal foul
professional foul
technical foul
Related terms: foul fish
fraternization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fraternizations
form: fraternisation
Etymology: From French fraternisation.
Senses: glosses: The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.
glosses: Having a friendly relationship with the enemy.
glosses: any type of disallowed, supposedly unethical and unprofessional, social or intimate contact between employees, especially between different gender, class or rank.
Related terms: antifraternization
confraternization
fraternism
fraternize
nonfraternization
sexual fraternization
freak
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: frēk
ipa: /fɹiːk/
rhymes: -iːk
homophone: phreak
Forms: form: freaks
form: freaking
form: freaked
form: freaked
form: freake
form: freik
form: freke
form: frick
Etymology: First appears c. 1567. The sense "sudden change of mind, a whim" is of uncertain origin. Probably from a dialectal word related to Middle English frekynge (“capricious behavior; whims”) and Middle English friken, frikien (“to move briskly or nimbly”), from Old English frician (“to leap, dance”), or Middle English frek (“insolent, daring”), from Old English frec (“desirous, greedy, eager, bold, daring”), from Proto-West Germanic *frek, from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“hard, efficient, greedy, bold, audacious”) (in which case, it would be related to the noun under Etymology 2). Compare Old High German freh (“eager”), Old English frēcne (“dangerous”).
For the meaning development compare Russian заско́к (zaskók) akin to скок (skok), скака́ть (skakátʹ).
Senses: examples: text: When the owner found a bunch of beatniks in there, he freaked, but that was later.
ref: 1968, Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Bantam, published 1997, →ISBN, page 240:
text: But after one night turned into five days, I was freaking out. I missed him.
ref: 1994, James Earl Hardy, B-Boy Blues: A Seriously Sexy, Fiercely Funny, Black-On-Black Love Story, Alyson Publishing, page 107:
glosses: To react extremely or irrationally, usually under distress or discomposure.
glosses: To be placed or place someone under the influence of a psychedelic drug, (especially) to experience reality withdrawal, or hallucinations (nightmarish), to behave irrational or unconventional due to drug use.
examples: text: Freakt with many a mingled hue.
ref: a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Winter”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:
text: […] in fine diaper of silver and mother-of-pearl freaking the intense azure; Now scurrying close overhead, wild ink-hued random racers that fling sheeted […]
ref: 1930, Robert Seymour Bridges, The Testament of Beauty: A Poem in Four Books, Literary Criticism, page 20:
glosses: To streak; to variegate
Derived terms: freak off
freak out
freak
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: frēk
ipa: /fɹiːk/
rhymes: -iːk
homophone: phreak
Forms: form: freake
form: freik
form: freke
form: frick
Etymology: First appears c. 1567. The sense "sudden change of mind, a whim" is of uncertain origin. Probably from a dialectal word related to Middle English frekynge (“capricious behavior; whims”) and Middle English friken, frikien (“to move briskly or nimbly”), from Old English frician (“to leap, dance”), or Middle English frek (“insolent, daring”), from Old English frec (“desirous, greedy, eager, bold, daring”), from Proto-West Germanic *frek, from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“hard, efficient, greedy, bold, audacious”) (in which case, it would be related to the noun under Etymology 2). Compare Old High German freh (“eager”), Old English frēcne (“dangerous”).
For the meaning development compare Russian заско́к (zaskók) akin to скок (skok), скака́ть (skakátʹ).
Senses: examples: text: a freak genius
text: freak accident
text: A freak goal gave Forest the lead when a clearance by keeper John Ruddy bounced off Nathan Tyson and flew in.
ref: 2011 April 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Norwich 2 - 1 Nott'm Forest”, in BBC Sport:
text: Sadness of some shape will now perhaps forever be associated with this satire which won the Palme d’Or at this year’s Cannes film festival: its beautiful young star Charlbi Dean died in August of a freak infection.
ref: 2022 May 21, Peter Bradshaw, “Triangle of Sadness review – heavy-handed satire on the super-rich loses its shape”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: word: freakish
word: aberrant
word: abnormal
word: alien
word: anomalous
word: as queer as Dick's hatband
word: bizarre
word: curious
word: deviant
word: discrepant
word: eerie
word: eldritch
word: errant
word: exceptional
word: extraordinary
word: fey
word: forby
word: freak
word: freakish
word: freaky
word: fremd
word: funny
word: heteroclite
word: hinky
word: incongruous
word: incongruitous
word: irregular
word: kooky
word: monstrous
word: nonstandard
word: odd
word: outlandish
word: out of the ordinary
word: outré
word: peculiar
word: quaint
word: queer
word: queer as a clockwork orange
word: queer as a nine bob note
word: queer as a three dollar bill
word: queer as a coot
word: queer as Dick's hatband
word: rare
word: rum
word: rummy
word: selcouth
word: seld
word: singular
word: strange
word: trippy
word: uncanny
word: uncommon
word: unconventional
word: unearthly
word: unexpected
word: unreasonable
word: unusual
word: unwonted
word: weird
word: weirdsome
word: yampy
word: fortuitous
word: fortunate
word: freak
word: happy
word: lucky
word: providential
word: serendipitous
word: sonsy
glosses: Strange, weird, unexpected.
Derived terms: freak accident
freak
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: frēk
ipa: /fɹiːk/
rhymes: -iːk
homophone: phreak
Forms: form: freaks
form: freake
form: freik
form: freke
form: frick
Etymology: From Middle English freke, freike (“a bold man, warrior, man, creature”), from Old English freca (“a bold man, warrior, hero”), from Proto-Germanic *frekô (“an active or eager man, warrior, wolf”), from *frekaz (“active, bold, desirous, greedy”), from Proto-Indo-European *pereg-, *spereg- (“to shrug, be quick, twitch, splash, blast”).
Cognate with Old Norse freki (“greedy or avaricious one, a wolf”), Old High German freh (“eager”), German frech, Old English frēcne (“dangerous, daring, courageous, bold”).
Senses: glosses: A man, particularly a bold, strong, vigorous man.
glosses: A fellow; a petulant young man.
freighter
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹeɪtɚ/
ipa: /ˈfɹeɪtə/
rhymes: -eɪtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: more freighter
form: most freighter
Etymology: From freight + -er.
Senses: examples: Near-synonyms: docker, dockworker, stevedore, longshoreman; loader
synonyms: lader#Noun
glosses: One who loads a ship.
examples: Near-synonym: charterer
glosses: One who charters and loads a ship.
coordinate_terms: carrier#Noun
glosses: One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.
hypernyms: customer#Noun
glosses: One for whom freight is transported.
examples: text: cargo freighter
text: oil freighter
text: bulk freighter
text: The cargo was shipped across the ocean on a large freighter.
text: A Chinese freighter was spotted entering the harbor.
topics: nautical
transport
synonyms: cargo ship
glosses: A ship used mainly to carry freight.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
synonyms: airfreighter
glosses: An aircraft used mainly to carry freight; a cargo aircraft or cargo plane.
Derived terms: preighter
fret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: frets
Etymology: From Middle English frēten (“to decorate”), from Old French freté, freter, fretter (“to fret (decorate with an interlacing pattern)”), from Old French fret (from fraindre (“to break”), from Latin frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Italic *frangō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + Old French -er (suffix forming verbs) (from Latin -āre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃enh₂- (“to burden, charge”)).
Senses: examples: text: Went to visit our good neighbor, Mr. Bohun, whose whole house is a cabinet of all elegancies, especially Indian; [...] [A]bove all, his lady's cabinet is adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-piece with Mr. Gibbons's best carving.
ref: 1682 July 30, John Evelyn, edited by William Bray, The Diary of John Evelyn: Edited from the Original MSS. [...] In Two Volumes (Universal Classics Library), volume II, New York, N.Y.; London: M. Walter Dunne, publisher, published 1901, →OCLC, page 170:
text: Remove spills from grill frets with a cloth and brush the frets with a stiff brush when dry and cold.
ref: 1943, Homes and Gardens, volume 25, London: [s.n.], published 1944, →OCLC, page 40:
text: Square unit of nondescript frets which interlace in the centre to form a cruciform shape.
ref: 2007, Nancy Edwards, A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales, volume 2 (South-west Wales), Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press, →ISBN, page 136:
glosses: An ornamental pattern consisting of repeated vertical and horizontal lines, often in relief.
examples: text: DIAPERED, or Diapre, in heraldry, the dividing of a field in planes, like fret-work, and filling the ſame with variety of figures. This chiefly obtains on bordures, which are diapered or fretted over, and the frets charged with things proper for bordures.
ref: 1764, Temple Henry Croker, Thomas Williams, Samuel Clark [et al.], “DIAPERED”, in The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, volume I, London: Printed for the authors, and sold by J. Wilson & J. Fell, Pater-noster Row; [et al.], →OCLC:
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: A saltire interlaced with a mascle.
Derived terms: fret saw
fretsaw
fretty
fretwork
Greek fret
fret
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: frets
form: fretting
form: fretted
form: fretted
Etymology: From Middle English frēten (“to decorate”), from Old French freté, freter, fretter (“to fret (decorate with an interlacing pattern)”), from Old French fret (from fraindre (“to break”), from Latin frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Italic *frangō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + Old French -er (suffix forming verbs) (from Latin -āre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃enh₂- (“to burden, charge”)).
Senses: examples: text: In a long purple pall, whose ſkirt with gold, / Was fretted all about, ſhe was arayd, [...]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 37, page 317:
glosses: To decorate or ornament, especially with an interlaced or interwoven pattern, or (architecture) with carving or relief (raised) work.
examples: text: Decius. Here lyes the Eaſt: doth not the Day breake heere? [...] Cin[na]. O pardon, Sir, it doth; and yon grey Lines, / That fret the Clouds, are Meſſengers of Day.
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 114, column 2:
text: The sun shone brilliantly through the trembling leaves, birds of many colors flitted from spray to spray, butterflies and bright insects crossed the fretted work of light and shade.
ref: 1882 July 29, J. Henry Shorthouse, “The Marquis Jeanne Hyacinth De St. Palaye [from Macmillan’s Magazine]”, in Littel’s Living Age, volume XXXIX (Fifth Series; volume CLIV overall), number 1988, Boston, Mass.: Littel & Co., →OCLC, section V, page 228, column 1:
glosses: To form a pattern on; to variegate.
glosses: To cut through with a fretsaw, to create fretwork.
Derived terms: unfret
fret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: frets
Etymology: From Middle English freten (“to bind”), from Old French freter, from frete (“ferrule, ring”) (modern French frette). The origin of the music senses are uncertain; they are possibly from frete or from fret (“to chafe, rub”).
Senses: examples: text: The long-necked Egyptian Nefer was certainly depicted in the 4th dynasty; and wall-painting of the time of Moses, preserved in the British Museum, shows that it then had frets.
ref: 1880, A. J. H[ipkins], “LUTE”, in George Grove, editor, A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (A.D. 1450–1880) [...] In Three Volumes, volume II, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 175, column 2:
text: The frets of the lute marked whole tones, while those of the guitar were a semi-tone apart.
ref: 1916, “History of the Orchestra”, in Daniel Gregory Mason, editor-in-chief, Benjamin Lambord, editors, The Orchestra and Orchestral Music (The Art of Music: A Comprehensive Library of Information for Music Lovers and Musicians; 8), New York, N.Y.: The National Society of Music, →OCLC, section III, page 69:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: One of the pieces of metal, plastic or wood across the neck of a guitar or other string instrument that marks where a finger should be positioned to depress a string as it is played.
glosses: A ferrule, a ring.
Derived terms: fretboard
fretless
fretman
fret
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: frets
form: fretting
form: fretted
form: fretted
Etymology: From Middle English freten (“to bind”), from Old French freter, from frete (“ferrule, ring”) (modern French frette). The origin of the music senses are uncertain; they are possibly from frete or from fret (“to chafe, rub”).
Senses: glosses: To bind, to tie, originally with a loop or ring.
examples: text: to fret a guitar
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Musical senses.
To fit frets on to (a musical instrument).
examples: text: Note that right next to the headstock, the boxes may utilize some open notes in place of fretting with the pointer finger because the nut will effectively fret the notes for you[…].
ref: 2015, Drew Turrill, “Step by Step Exercises”, in Don’t Fret – Learn Lead Guitar the Easy Way, [s.l.]: BookBaby, →ISBN:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Musical senses.
To press down the string behind a fret.
Related terms: refret
fret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: frets
Etymology: From Latin fretum (“channel, strait”). Doublet of fretum.
Senses: examples: text: I came in fine to the fourth part of the world, commonly called America, which by all deſcriptions I found to be an Iſland enuironed around about with the Sea, hauing on the Southſide of it, the frete, or ſtraight of Magellan, [...]
ref: 1589, Humfrey Gilbert [i.e., Humphrey Gilbert], “A Discourse Written by Sir Humfrey Gilbert Knight, to Prooue a Passage by the Northwest to Cathaia, and the East Indies”, in Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, […], London: […] George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, deputies to Christopher Barker, […], →OCLC, chapter 1 (To Prooue by Authoritie a Passage to be on the North Side of America, to Go to Cathaia, and the East India), page 597:
text: The river Velino, after having found its way from among the rocks where it falls, runs into the Nera. The channel of this laſt river is white with rocks, and the ſurface of it, for a long ſpace, covered with froth and bubbles; for it runs all along upon the fret, and is ſtill breaking againſt the ſtones that oppoſe its paſſage: [...]
ref: 1721, Joseph Addison, “Pesaro, Fano, Senigallia, Ancona, Loretto, &c. to Rome”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq, volumes II (Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703), London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head, over-against Katherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC, page 56:
glosses: A channel, a strait; a fretum.
Related terms: fretum
transfretation
transfrete
fret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: frets
Etymology: From Old French frete, fraite, fraicte, possibly partly confused with fret (“channel, strait”).
Senses: glosses: A channel or passage created by the sea.
fret
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
ipa: /fɹɛt/
ipa: /fɹɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: frets
Etymology: Attested since the mid-1800s, of unknown origin. Perhaps related to fret (“to form a pattern upon”), fret (“to consume”) (as the fog does the land), or fret (“to agitate the surface of water”) (as the wind which blows the fog inland does); compare the semantics of haar (“cold wind; misty wind; fog, mist”). Dialectally, the spelling freet and pronunciation /fɹit/ are also found, as they also are for fret (“consume; agitate”).
Senses: examples: text: The wind brings a fret off the ocean; not cold, but achingly damp.
ref: 2008, Trezza Azzopardi, Winterton Blue: A Novel, page 14:
glosses: A fog or mist at sea, or coming inland from the sea.
Derived terms: sea fret
frieze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːz/
rhymes: -iːz
homophone: frees
homophone: freeze
Forms: form: friezes
form: freeze
Etymology: Late Middle English, from French and Middle French frise, probably from Medieval Latin Frisia (“Frisian (wool)”) due to import via Northern ships. Or, from French friser (“to curl”)..
Senses: examples: text: [I]f a plaine fellow well and cleanely apparelled, either in home-ſpun ruſſet or freeze (as the ſeaſon requires) with a five pouch at his girdle, happen to appeare in his ruſticall likenes: there is a Cozen ſaies one, At which word out flies the Taker, and thus giues the onſet vpon my olde Pennyfather.
ref: 1608, [Thomas Dekker], “Of Barnards Law”, in The Belman of London. […], London: […] [Edward Allde and Nicholas Okes] for Nathaniel Butter, →OCLC, signature F, verso:
text: This dark, frieze-coated, hoarse, teeth-chattering month […]
ref: 1796, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, On Observing a Blossom on the First of February 1796:
text: From beggar's frieze to monarch's robe, / One common doom is pass'd; / Sweet nature's works, the swelling globe, / Must all burn out at last.
ref: 1829, Charles Sprague, To My Cigar:
text: "You may shoot, or you may not," cried Scarrow, striking his hand upon the breast of his frieze jacket.
ref: 1897, Arthur Conan Doyle, How the Governor of Saint Kitt's came Home:
glosses: A kind of coarse woollen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side.
frieze
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːz/
rhymes: -iːz
homophone: frees
homophone: freeze
Forms: form: friezes
form: friezing
form: friezed
form: friezed
Etymology: Late Middle English, from French and Middle French frise, probably from Medieval Latin Frisia (“Frisian (wool)”) due to import via Northern ships. Or, from French friser (“to curl”)..
Senses: glosses: To make a nap on (cloth); to frizz.
frieze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːz/
rhymes: -iːz
homophone: frees
homophone: freeze
Forms: form: friezes
Etymology: From French and Middle French frise f, derived from an Upper Italian fris f, Medieval Latin frisum, frisium, frigium, frixum, frigium, of controversial origin, possibly from multiple sources, Arabic إِفْرِيز (ʔifrīz, “king beam, cornice”) and Latin opus Phrygium (“a kind of embroidery”, literally “work of Phrygia”), the demonym Frisian and terms related to the textile term above in a transferred sense.
Senses: topics: architecture
glosses: That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.
glosses: Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or in rich pieces of furniture.
examples: text: The classroom had an alphabet frieze that showed an animal for each letter.
glosses: A banner with a series of pictures.
Derived terms: friezed
frieze group
friezeless
friezelike
friezer
friezy
frieze
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːz/
rhymes: -iːz
homophone: frees
homophone: freeze
Forms: form: friezes
form: friezing
form: friezed
form: friezed
Etymology: From French and Middle French frise f, derived from an Upper Italian fris f, Medieval Latin frisum, frisium, frigium, frixum, frigium, of controversial origin, possibly from multiple sources, Arabic إِفْرِيز (ʔifrīz, “king beam, cornice”) and Latin opus Phrygium (“a kind of embroidery”, literally “work of Phrygia”), the demonym Frisian and terms related to the textile term above in a transferred sense.
Senses: topics: architecture
glosses: To put a frieze on.
fright
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: frīt
ipa: /fɹaɪt/
rhymes: -aɪt
ipa: /fɹʌit/
Forms: form: frights
Etymology: From Middle English fright, furht, from Old English fryhtu, fyrhto (“fright, fear, dread, trembling, horrible sight”), from Proto-Germanic *furhtį̄ (“fear”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k- (“to fear”).
Cognate with Scots fricht (“fright”), Old Frisian fruchte (“fright”), Low German frucht (“fright”), Middle Dutch vrucht, German Furcht (“fear, fright”), Danish frygt (“fear”), Swedish fruktan (“fear, fright, dread”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹 (faurhtei, “fear, horror, fright”). Compare possibly Albanian frikë (“fear, fright, dread, danger”).
Senses: examples: text: With a bolt of fright he remembered that there was no bathroom in the Hobhouse Room. He leapt along the corridor in a panic, stopping by the long-case clock at the end where he flattened himself against the wall.
ref: 1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus:
glosses: A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.
examples: text: Her maids were old, and if she took a new one,
You might be sure she was a perfect fright;
She did this during even her husband's life
I recommend as much to every wife.
ref: 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto I, (please specify the stanza number):
glosses: Someone strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion.
Derived terms: word: affrighten
word: frightable
word: frightfest
word: frightful
word: frightless
word: frightly
word: frightmare
word: frightment
word: frightsome
word: frighty
word: speechfright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: camera fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: fright disease
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: fright wig
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: job fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: look a fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: mic fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: mike fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: nightfright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: page fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: plane fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: snake-fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: speech fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: stage-fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: stage fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: take fright
sense: Compound words and expressions
word: waterfright
Related terms: frighten