cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Zuoyun
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /(d)zwoʊˈjuːn/
enpr: dzôʹyünʹ
Forms: form: Tsoyun
form: Tso-yün
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 左雲 /左云 (Zuǒyún).
Senses: examples: text: Our province has corrected the unitary method of grain management since the third plenary session and has encouraged development of diversification. Now, not only have production brigades and production teams with an average per capita income reaching 300 yuan, 400 yuan and 500 yuan appeared, but counties and suburbs like Zuoyun County which increased their income by 200 percent in 2 years' time have appeared as well.
ref: 1981 August 25 [1981 July 27], “The Provincial CCP Committee Holds a Conference of County CCP Committee Secretaries”, in Daily Report: China, number 164, sourced from Taiyuan SHANXI RIBAO, p 1 [山西日報], translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, PRC Regional Affairs: North Region, page R 5:
english: 山西日報
translation: 山西日報
text: In November 2006, explosions at two Shanxi mines, one in Yuanping and the other in Jinzhong, killed 109 people. Earlier in the year, a coal mine flood in Zuoyun county killed 56 miners.
ref: 2007, The China Business Handbook 2007, 10th edition, Shenzhen: Alain Charles Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 401:
text: The coal mine boss, Li Fuyuan, 45 this year, was found guilty of failing to adopt effective measures after learning of flooding in his mine in Zuoyun county last May 18, the newspaper said.
ref: 2007 February 26, “China jails mine boss after flood kills 56”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 09 Apr 2023, Latest Crisis:
text: After a flood drowned fifty-six miners at the Xinjing coal mine in Zuoyun county, Shanxi, the operator falsely claimed that only five miners had been trapped inside. The township head and Party secretary both knew the real number of miners trapped underground and aided the mine operator in sending family members of the trapped miners to neighboring Inner Mongolia in order to prevent them from speaking to the press.
ref: 2010, Kolya Abramsky, editor, Sparking a Worldwide Energy Revolution: Social Struggles in the Transition to a Post-petrol World, AK Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 419–420:
text: Across Shanxi in the 1990s, one-sixth of rural income was dependent on coal (Zhang Yanan 2000: 37). In Zuoyun, coal was crucial to income growth in the 1980s.
ref: 2012, Tim Wright, The Political Economy of the Chinese Coal Industry: Black Gold and Blood-stained Coal, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 107:
text: Zuoyunlong huangi was a basal hadrosaurid that lived in the late Cretaceous, in what is now Zuoyun, Shanxi Province, China.
[...]The genus name Zuoyunlong means "Zuoyun dragon," and refers to Zuoyun, where the dinosaur was discovered.
The species names huangi is in honor of Mr. Huang Wei-Long "who excavated the first dinosaurs in Zuoyun County and even Shanxi Province in 1957."
ref: 2019, Sabrina Ricci, Garret Kruger, “Zuoyunlong huangi”, in 50 Dinosaur Tales, →ISBN:
glosses: A county of Datong, Shanxi, China.
surexcitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Synonym of superexcitation.
synonyms: word: superexcitation
Dandarii
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An ancient people dwelling along the Maeotian Swamp.
Toreatae
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A tribe of the Maeotae in Asiatic Sarmatia.
Tarpetes
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An ancient people who once lived along the Maeotian Swamp, leaving little to no trace.
Obidiaceni
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: An ancient people dwelling along the Maeotian Swamp.
Sittaceni
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An ancient people dwelling along the Maeotian Swamp.
Dosci
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An ancient people dwelling along the Palus Maeotis in antiquity.
Asturicani
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A tribe mentioned by Ptolemy as dwelling adjacent to the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea), often equated with the Aspurgiani.
Maeotian Swamp
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A name applied in antiquity variously to the swamps at the mouth of the Tanais River in Scythia in modern Russia and to the entire Sea of Azov which it forms there.
Cissianti
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A tribe of Iranian nomads who likely spoke a Sarmatian language of the Scythian family.
Achaei
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An ancient people of Scythia, mentioned by Strabo.
Zygii
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An ancient people described by Strabo as a nation to the north of Colchis.
Zyx
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An ancient region located on the northern slopes of the Western Caucasus.
twoo
Language: English
Part of speech: num
Senses: glosses: Obsolete spelling of two.
Funj
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Fung
Senses: examples: text: It is known that the Funj rose from southern Nubia (present-day southern Sudan) to overthrow the kingdom of Alodia, but their origins before that remain obscure and disputed. The Funj themselves claimed descent from the Umayyad dynasty through those who escaped slaughter at the hands of the Abbasids and fled to Abyssinia. A currently more accepted theory is that they are Nubians who mixed with Arabs.
text: It is possibly the jabalawīn′s own identification with Sinnār, a suitable answer for groups who appear to have lost their own cultural identity as a scattered minority in the midst of society, that makes them often become associated with the Funj in present-day local traditions.
ref: 1981, Alessandro Triulzi, Salt, Gold, and Legitimacy, Instituto Universitario Orientale, page 77:
text: The plains of Kordofan proper did not fall to the Funj until the reign of Bādi IV Abū Shūlūkh (reigned 1724–62).
ref: 1983, The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, page 359:
text: 2014, Anders Breidlid, et al. (editors), A Concise History of South Sudan, Fountain Publishers, Revised Edition, page 52,
Slavery was the cornerstone of Funj wealth and power. In the 18ᵗʰ century, the Funj rulers built up a military division of slaves from foreign lands who were loyal only to themselves. By the mid 18ᵗʰ century, these Funj rulers were very powerful.
glosses: An ethnic group in present-day Sudan from which the historical Funj Sultanate arose; the sultanate.
Derived terms: Funj Sultanate
Arcani
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Arcani.
Senses: glosses: A village and commune of Gorj County, Romania.
Armășești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Armășești.
Senses: glosses: A commune and village in Ialomița County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Cernișoara, Vâlcea County, Romania.
Berbești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Berbești.
Senses: glosses: A village in Giulești, Maramureș County, Romania.
glosses: A city and village in Vâlcea County, Romania.
Berevoești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Berevoești.
Senses: glosses: A commune and village in Argeș County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Fieni, Dâmbovița County, Romania.
Berlești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Berlești.
Senses: glosses: A village in Ianca, Brăila County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Gorj County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Berlești, Gorj County, Romania.
Bobicești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Bobicești.
Senses: glosses: A commune of Olt County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Bobicești, Olt County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Predeal-Sărari, Prahova County, Romania.
Bodești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Bodești.
Senses: glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Vadu Moților, Alba County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Hălmagiu, Arad County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Scânteia, Iași County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A commune of Neamț County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Bodești, Neamț County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Posești, Prahova County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Alunu, Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Bărbătești, Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: Several places in Romania:
A village in Vrâncioaia, Vrancea County, Romania.
Bratovoești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Bratovoești.
Senses: glosses: A village and commune of Dolj County, Romania.
Brădești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Brădești.
Senses: glosses: A village in Râmeț, Alba County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Dolj County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Brădești, Dolj County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Harghita County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Brădești, Harghita County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Vinderei, Vaslui County, Romania.
Bucșani
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Bucșani.
Senses: glosses: A commune of Dâmbovița County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Bucșani, Dâmbovița County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Giurgiu County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Bucșani, Giurgiu County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Ionești, Vâlcea County, Romania.
Budești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Budești.
Senses: glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Pleșcuța, Arad County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Plopana, Bacău County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A commune of Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Budești, Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Chiliile, Buzău County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A city in Călărași County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Mogoșești, Iași County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A commune of Maramureș County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Budești, Maramureș County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Făurei, Neamț County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Crețești, Vaslui County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A commune of Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Budești, Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Diculești, Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania:
A village in Cotești, Vrancea County, Romania.
Bulzești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Bulzești.
Senses: glosses: A commune of Dolj County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Bulzești, Dolj County, Romania.
Băcești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Băcești.
Senses: glosses: A village in Drăganu, Argeș County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Valea Lungă, Dâmbovița County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Stejari, Gorj County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Vaslui County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Băcești, Vaslui County, Romania.
Bădeni
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A river and various villages in Romania.
Băilești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Băilești.
Senses: glosses: A city in Dolj County, Romania.
Bălcești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Bălcești.
Senses: glosses: A village in Beliș, Cluj County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Căpușu Mare, Cluj County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Bengești-Ciocadia, Gorj County, Romania.
glosses: A city in Vâlcea County, Romania.
Bălești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Bălești.
Senses: examples: A village in Bistra, Alba County, Romania.
A commune of Gorj County, Romania.
A village in Bălești, Gorj County, Romania.
A village in Cozmești, Vaslui County, Romania.
A commune of Vrancea County, Romania.
A village in Bălești, Vrancea County, Romania.
glosses: The name of several villages and communes in Romania
Bălășești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Bălășești.
Senses: glosses: A village and commune of Galați County, Romania.
Hathertons
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Hatherton
Bănești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Bănești.
Senses: glosses: Various villages in Romania.
glosses: A commune of Prahova County, Romania.
Bărcănești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Bărcănești.
Senses: glosses: A village and commune of Ialomița County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Cândești, Neamț County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Vâlcele, Olt County, Romania.
glosses: A village and commune of Prahova County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Stănești, Vâlcea County, Romania.
Băsești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Băsești.
Senses: glosses: A village and commune of Maramureș County, Romania.
Naismiths
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Naismith
Nesmiths
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Nesmith
median planes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of median plane
toasting fork
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: toasting forks
Senses: examples: text: A GOOD toasting fork for the camp fire or outdoor fireplace can be made from a piece of No. 8 galvanized iron wire 6 ft. long.
ref: 1937 October, “Five attractive new designs you can work out from inexpensive materials”, in Popular Science, volume 131, number 4, Bonnier Corporation, page 96:
synonyms: toaster
glosses: A fork with a long handle for toasting bread, marshmallows, or other small food items over an open fire.
Weddleville
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Weddle + -ville.
Senses: glosses: An unincorporated community in Jackson County, Indiana, United States.
Amărăști
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Amărăști.
Senses: glosses: A village in Fărcaș, Dolj County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Amărăști, Vâlcea County, Romania.
Berești-Tazlău
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Berești-Tazlău.
Senses: glosses: A commune of Bacău County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Berești-Tazlău, Bacău County, Romania.
toasting forks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of toasting fork
Ciortești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Ciortești.
Senses: glosses: A commune of Iași County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Ciortești, Iași County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Zătreni, Vâlcea County, Romania.
Ciorăști
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Ciorăști.
Senses: glosses: A village in Priponești, Galați County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Șirineasa, Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Vrancea County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Ciorăști, Vrancea County, Romania.
Fârtățești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Romanian Fârtățești.
Senses: glosses: A commune of Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Fârtățești, Vâlcea County, Romania.
Făurești
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Făurești.
Senses: glosses: A village in Copalnic-Mănăștur, Maramureș County, Romania.
glosses: A commune of Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Făurești, Vâlcea County, Romania.
glosses: A village in Zătreni, Vâlcea County, Romania.
Gedney
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Gedneys
Etymology: From an Old English personal name *Gydda + ieġ (“island”).
Senses: glosses: A village, civil parish, and electoral ward in South Holland district, Lincolnshire, England (OS grid ref TF405243).
glosses: A habitational surname from Old English.
Derived terms: Gedney Hill
Ganguly
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Gangulys
Etymology: Anglicization of Bengali গাঙ্গুলি (gaṅguli).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Bengali.
Gangulys
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Ganguly
Gedneys
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Gedney
Gutridge
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Gutridges
Etymology: Variant of Goodrich.
Senses: glosses: A surname.
Heuring
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Heurings
Etymology: Borrowed from German Heuring.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
Heurings
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Heuring
Gutridges
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Gutridge
Ingber
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Ingbers
Etymology: Borrowed from German Ingber (literally “ginger”), an Ashkenazi occupational surname for a dealer in spices.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
Kondas
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Konda
Ingbers
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Ingber
Youyu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: yōʹyüʹ
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 右玉 (Yòuyù).
Senses: examples: text: Shansi.[…]
Yuyu County has a population of some 80,000. (NCNA in Chinese 0240 gmt 6 Oct 77)[…]
Yuyu County has afforested a total of 640,000 mou since 1971 and, as a result, 40% of the land previously subject to water and soil erosion has now been brought under control. (NCNA in Chinese 0240 gmt 6 Oct 77)
ref: [1977, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East Weekly Supplement, →OCLC, pages 1, 14:
text: Having been constructed to keep the barbarians out, the Great Wall was now welcoming the World Bank. I contacted the local government, to see if somebody could give an introduction to the project, and a cadre agreed to meet me. He was the director of the Youyu County tax bureau, and he told me that over the past two years the local government had received nearly three million dollars in loans from the World Bank.[…]
Here in Youyu County, the government was proud of their World Bank project, and figures piled up in my notebook. They intended to plant 1,400 hectares of trees around the Ming fort; currently Youyu County had successfully controlled erosion in 28 percent of their target region; their final goal was 53 percent.
ref: 2010, Peter Hessler, “The Wall”, in Country Driving: A Chinese Road Trip, Harper Perennial, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 38–39:
text: In a windswept location in the Mu Us Desert (Ordos Desert), Youyu County of Shanxi Province is a barren land battered by sandstorms and with minimal natural resources. In the early days of the People’s Republic, the county’s first Party secretary led the people to initiate an afforestation project to curb encroachment by the sand.
ref: 2018 [2015 January 12], Xi Jinping, “Be a Good County Party Secretary”, in The Governance of China, volume II, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 159:
text: The government of Youyu County, hundreds of kilometers (miles) west of Beijing showed a dirt road cut through a section of the wall against a rural landscape, along with the two suspects, identified as a 38-year-old man surnamed Zheng and a 55-year-old woman surnamed Wang.
ref: 2023 September 6, “China authorities arrest 2 for smashing shortcut through Great Wall with excavator”, in AP News, archived from the original on 06 Sep 2023, World News:
glosses: A county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China.
Pinglu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /pɪŋ.lu/
Forms: form: P'ing-lu
Etymology: From Mandarin 平魯 /平鲁.
Senses: glosses: A district of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China.
Pinglu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /pɪŋ.lu/
Forms: form: P'ing-lu
Etymology: From Mandarin 平陸／平陆 (Pínglù).
Senses: examples: text: More amazing, perhaps, than the advance in decorative technique is the existence, as early as the mid-second millennium BCE, of foundries that could handle such monumental castings as the fang ding (cat. 22). Nor was this rectangular cauldron, which weighs about 40 kilograms and is S2 centimeters high, entirely unique in its time: it was found, in a shallow pit at Qian village, Pinglu county, Shanxi Province, with two round ding vessels, each about 70 centimeters high.
ref: 1998, China 5,000 Years, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 77:
glosses: A county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China.
Shuocheng
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 朔城.
Senses: examples: text: Chongfu Temple, on East Street in Shuocheng District, was built in 665 during the Tang Dynasty by the Eguo Duke Weichi Jingde by imperial order.
ref: 2008, Chen Xuejian, editor, Travel Around China, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 316:
glosses: A district of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China.
Koff
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Koffs
Etymology: Americanized spelling of German Kauf.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
Shanyin
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Mandarin 山陰 /山阴 (Shānyīn).
Senses: examples: text: One example is the Youyi mine in Shanyin county, a district of Shanxi under the administration of Shuozhou city.[…]
In Shanyin, 20 out of 21 mines have been ordered to shut down and be overhauled, said the mine's managing director, Sun Chuntian.[…]
Of Shanyin county's 21 coal mines, the number closed for reconstruction and revamp is: 20
ref: 2010 December 13, Eric Ng, “Modernisation drive leaves trail of ghost mines”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 28 Jan 2024, Latest:
text: China National Coal Group Corp’s (ChinaCoal) mining operations in north Shaanxi^([sic – meaning Shanxi]) Province were suspended after eight miners died in a colliery flooding at one of the company’s subsidiaries there, state media Xinhua News reported.[…]
The workers’ bodies were retrieved on Saturday after they had been trapped underground in the flooded coal mine in Shanyin County a day ago.
ref: 2011 September 17, Carrie Ho, “ChinaCoal's Shaanxi^([sic – meaning Shanxi]) mines closed after fatal accident”, in Ruth Pitchford, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 11 Aug 2023, Environment:
glosses: A county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China.
examples: text: Ts’ai Yüan-p’ei (also named Ho-ch’ing and Chieh-min) (1876-1940) was born in Shanyin County, Chekiang Province. He passed the second civil service examination in 1889 and the third in 1892 which secured for him the highest degree, han-lin.
ref: 1960, Tse-tsung (周策縱) Chow, “The Initial Phase of the Movement: Early Literary and Intellectual Activities, 1917-1919”, in The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China, Harvard University Press, published 1980, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 47:
text: In 1903 Ts'ai Yüan-p'ei, a native of Shaohsing's Shan-yin county and later to become famous as Chancellor of Peking University, gave a speech to a group of fellow Shaohsing natives living in Shanghai.
ref: [1986, James H. Cole, “Introduction”, in Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 9:
glosses: A county of Zhejiang, China, part of modern-day Shaoxing.
Laidler
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Laidlers
Etymology: Various origins:
* A variant of the Scottish surname Laidlaw.
* Occupational surname for a maker of ladles, from an agent derivative of Middle English ladel (“ladle”).
Senses: glosses: A surname from Middle English [in turn originating as an occupation].
Fanshi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: fänʹshûʹ
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 繁峙 (Fánshì).
Senses: examples: text: After criticizing swindlers like Liu Shao-chi, poor and lower-middle peasants of the (Aotzutou) brigade in Fanshih County "turned their righteous anger into strength and did one and a half days' work in one day." These examples greatly inspired the cadres.
ref: [1972 March 7 [1972 March 5], “Party Promotes Criticims Campaign in Shansi Region”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 46, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Taiyuan Shansi Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, page D 10:
text: Scholars have been intrigued to learn of an almost one-to-one correspondence between the plan of the Jin palace city as described in Lanbei lu and the plan derived from paintings of Buddhist paradises on the walls of the south hall of Yanshan Monastery in Fanshi county, Shanxi.
ref: 2002, Guo Daiheng, “The Liao, Song, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties”, in Nancy S. Steinhardt, editor, Chinese Architecture, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 150:
text: The higher authorities saw all such activity as a counterrevolutionary attempt to infiltrate state and Party organs from within, but it is likely that some officials and Party members saw no contradiction between their political and religious affiliations, especially in areas, such as Fanshi County, where the sects were fairly well integrated into community life.
ref: 2015, S. A. Smith, “Redemptive Religious Societies and the Communist State, 1949 to the 1980s”, in Jeremy Brown, Matthew D. Johnson, editors, Maoism at the Grassroots: Everyday Life in China's Era of High Socialism, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 350–351:
text: Art teacher Zhao Wenrui draws on chalkboard at Binhe Elementary School in Fanshi County, North China’s Shanxi Province, July 4, 2019.
ref: 2019 July 5, “Teacher draws stunning chalkboard drawings(1/5)”, in Li Yan, editor, China News Service, archived from the original on 13 Jul 2019:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Wutai
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: wo͞oʹtīʹ
Etymology: From Mandarin 五臺 /五台 (Wǔtái).
Senses: examples: text: Born in Wu T'ai county, Shansi, in 1902, in a landlord family, Hsu was educated at a normal school; in 1924 he entered Whampoa Academy.
ref: [1938, Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China, Grove Press, published 1978, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 513:
text: Wutai county has already re-forested a million mou of hillside, and has plans for a further 800,000 mou to be tackled in the immediate future. But there is a long way to go yet before the whole of Wutai is anything like what it was when the huge trees that were cut to make the pillars and beams of temples like Fu Kwang Ssu were still standing.
ref: 1966 February, Rewi Alley, “Wutai Revisited”, in Eastern Horizon, volume V, number 2, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 45, column 1:
text: Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and meticulously catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).
ref: 2018 April 11, Daniel E. Slotnik, “Overlooked No More: Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng, Chroniclers of Chinese Architecture”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 12 Apr 2018, Obituaries:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Wutai
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: wo͞oʹtīʹ
Etymology: From Mandarin 霧臺 /霧台 (Wùtái).
Senses: examples: text: One of the model villages under this program is in the Wutai area of Pingtung county in southern Taiwan, where people have been moved from Haucha, a remote and inaccessible area where they lived in caves and huts.
ref: 1979 December 30, “ROC's quality of life rising to developed nation levels”, in 自由中國週報 [Free China Weekly], volume XX, number 51, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4, column 5:
english: Free China Weekly
translation: Free China Weekly
text: Pingtung County’s Wutai Township (霧台) yesterday showcased the achievements and efforts of the nation’s first natural and social-ecological park on indigenous land in implementing sustainable tourism.
ref: 2023 July 5, Lo Hsin-chen, Jake Chung, “Wutai Township touts sustainable tourism successes”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 Dec 2023, Taiwan News, page 2:
text: Between 12 a.m. on July 28 and 4 p.m. Monday, the Central Weather Administration (CWA) recorded accumulated rainfall of 2,922 millimeters in Kaohsiung's Maolin District and 2,364 mm in Wutai Township in Pingtung County, according to the statement.
ref: 2025 August 4, Liu Chien-ling, Tsai Chih-ming, Kay Liu, “Torrential rain in Taiwan causes 5 deaths, 3 missing, 78 injuries”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 04 Aug 2025, Society:
glosses: A mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan.
Laidlers
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Laidler
Yuanping
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: yüǎnʹpǐngʹ
Etymology: From Mandarin 原平 (Yuánpíng).
Senses: examples: text: Recognition of the heroic stand made last month by the late Major-General Chiang Yu-chen, a Brigadier Commander defending Yuanping, 87 miles north of Taiyuan, the Shansi provincial capital, was given by the Executive Yuan, Nov. 9.
ref: 1937 November 20, “Deputy Brigade Commander Li Tsung Dies of Battle Wounds”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 82, number 12, →OCLC, page 284:
text: The tall, pleasant young mayor of Yuanping county seat in Shansi told Rittenberg, when the latter arrived in that city: “We'll soon be pulling out of town, for Yen's troops are coming to attack and our army is too far away.”
[...]The mayor did not seem much concerned. “Just as we did with the Japs,” he replied. “We'll stay a week or two with the peasants till our troops can come and take Yuanping again.” He proved an accurate prophet. Yuanping was lost and retaken within three weeks. It suffered some looting, but its people were experienced in hiding valuables. The real value lay in the soil of the farms where the grain was growing, untouched by the passing of troops. Any county government the peasants supported could move easily out of Yuanping and back.
ref: 1949, Anna Louise Strong, The Chinese Conquer China, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 214:
text: These ferries are located in the middle and upper reaches of the Juma River, over 100km to the southwest of Beijing, in an area through which the railway leading to Yuanping, Shanxi Province passes.
ref: 1990, Tourist Atlas of Beijing, Beijing: Science Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 29, column 1:
text: The police found evidence of explosives at the site of a blast at an underground hospital parking garage in northern Shanxi Province that killed at least 33 people on Monday, the government said. The hospital was for employees of the Xuangang Coal and Electricity Company in Yuanping.
ref: 2006 April 12, “World Briefing: Asia, Europe and Africa”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 Jan 2023, World:
text: A suspected murderer who evaded police for 18 years has been captured in Lichuan, Xinzhou.org reports. The 43-year-old farmer from Yuanping, Shanxi, was wanted over the killing of two women and the attempted kidnapping of another in his hometown in June, 1996.
ref: 2014 December 28, Mandy Zuo, “Exploding electric hot-water bottle maims woman”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 Dec 2014, China Insider:
glosses: A county-level city of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Koffs
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Koff
Dingxiang
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdiŋʒeɪŋ/
enpr: dǐngʹshyängʹ
Forms: form: Ting-hsiang
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 定襄 (Dìngxiāng).
Senses: examples: text: I knew a young woman of twenty who lived in the town of Tinghsiang in the province of Shansi. She worked in a clothing cooperative and earned thirty yuans a month.
ref: [1960, Suzanne Labin, “The Schoolmistress Shuen, the Midwife Yu, the Feminist Mee and a Group of Chinese Women”, in Edward Fitzgerald, transl., The Anthill: The Human Condition In Communist China, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 312:
text: In the memorial speech Chang Chen said: Comrade Chang Lien-kuei was a native of Tinghsiang County, Shansi Province. As a youngster, he actively took part in revolutionary activities. He was admitted to the CCP in December 1935. He had served successively as secretary of the Tinghsiang County CCP Committee, secretary of the second area party committee of the Peiyueh District of the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border region and concurrently political commissar of the Second Military District, PLA political commissar, vice minister of the First Ministry of Machine Building and the Second Ministry of Machine Building, and vice minister of the Third Ministry of Machine Building.
ref: [1978 May 8 [1978 May 4], “Leaders Attend Memorial Service for Chang Lien-kuei”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 89, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, National Affairs, page E 1:
text: The mural in the Holingor Han tomb shows that toward the end of the Eastern Han at the latest Dingxiang 定襄 Prefecture (in the north of modern Shanxi, transferred there from Inner Mongolia) also had mulberry cultivation.
ref: 1982, Zhongshu Wang, translated by K. C. Chang et al., Han Civilization, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 58:
text: In neighbouring Xinxian prefecture, immediately to the south of Yanbei, is Hengshan brigade, Dingxiang county.
ref: 1992, Simon G. Powell, “Yanbei prefecture: specialised production”, in Agricultural Reform in China: From Communes to Commodity Economy, 1978-1990 (Studies on East Asia), Manchester University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 179:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Xinfu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɪnˈfu/
ipa: /ʃin-/
enpr: shǐnʹfo͞oʹ
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 忻府.
Senses: glosses: A district of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Xinfu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɪnˈfu/
ipa: /ʃin-/
enpr: shǐnʹfo͞oʹ
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 新撫 /新抚.
Senses: examples: text: One of the first cases was in Fushun city in early March 1952, when three children died acute deaths.[…]
The three all lived in the Xinfu district of the city, and the sanitary conditions there are bad.
ref: 1998, Stephen Endicott, Edward Hagerman, “The United States and Biological Warfare Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 23 Sep 2018:
glosses: A district of Fushun, Liaoning, China.
Langmans
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: plural of Langman
Ningwu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Ning-wu
Etymology: The atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 寧武 /宁武 (Níngwǔ), a clipping of 寧武關 /宁武关 (Níngwǔguān, “Pacified Military Pass”).
Senses: glosses: A mountain pass and important gate in the Great Wall in Shanxi, China.
examples: text: The last item, also a news report , deals with the rural medical cooperation system of a production brigade in Ningwu County, Shansi Province, which has been developed through PLA assistance.
ref: 1970, Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, →OCLC, page B 11:
text: A classic problem case is reported from Ningwu county in northern Shanxi (People's Daily, 23 Mar. 1980). In this area, a rural household uses 30 jin of firewood daily, of which one-half may be sound mature timber.
ref: 1985, Frank Leeming, “The Chinese forests”, in Rural China Today, Longman, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 138, column 2:
text: The explosion took place on Friday at Niuxinhui Coal Mine in Ningwu county of Shanxi province, when 30 miners were working underground, Xinhua said, citing Tan Shengwang, head of the county's work safety administration.
ref: 2007 January 21, “China coal mine blast kills 13 in Shanxi”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 05 May 2022, Latest Crisis:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Synonyms: sense: pass
word: Ningwuguan
Kelan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: K'o-lan
form: Kolan
Etymology: From Mandarin 岢嵐 /岢岚 (Kělán).
Senses: examples: text: 65. The missile test range’s monitoring network is centered in Kelan County, but it has some tracking and monitoring facilities in Wuzhai and Xingxian.
ref: 1994, John Wilson Lewis, Xue Litai, China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 311:
text: Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is located in Kelan County, northern Shanxi Province, nearly 300 km (480 mi) away from Taiyuan city, the provincial capital, and 500 km (800 mi) southwest of Beijing.
ref: 2008, Peter Bond, Jane's Space Recognition Guide, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 152:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Wuzhai
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: wo͞oʹjīʹ
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 五寨 (Wǔzhài).
Senses: examples: text: This specimen (No. 2040) bears a notation to the effect that the actual collection was made by a Chinese railroad inspector, Tchuang Kieh. in September 1922 at Wu Chai Hsien, Shansi Province, China, at an elevation of 6,000 to 9,000 feet. The specimen was identified as a form of Lespedeza bicolor in 1926 by A. K. Schindler.
ref: [1952 March, Franklin J. Crider, Natob—A New Bush Lespedeza For Soil Conservation, number 900, Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 2:
text: On leaving Shenchi, the way lay up a wide valley, on a good road. Then we took to the hills in Wuzhai (Wuchai) county, winding amongst mountain ridges, until we came to Hequ (Hochu) county, where there were more mountains, wild serrated loess country, but everywhere trees and then more trees.
ref: 1979 January, Rewi Alley, “Yanbei and Xinxian Prefectures in 1978”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVIII, number 1, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11, column 1:
text: In Wuzhai, a county in north-west Shanxi, they found the Communist prefectural government, and after two weeks’ rest in an army service station my mother was assigned to the town of Wuzhai, with responsibility for training local Party officials.
ref: 2000, Aiping Mu, “The East is Red: Hard Times for New Arrivals (1946-1951)”, in Vermilion Gate, Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 17:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Shenchi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 神池.
Senses: examples: text: The Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway links Shenchi county in Shanxi to Huanghua port in Hebei, and will be an important route for coal transportation from west to east in China.
ref: 2004, China Business Guide, 2nd edition, Singapore: China Knowledge Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 504, column 2:
text: Jin Ruilin, former deputy mayor of Datong city and candidate for mayor in the next election, is under “investigation by the organisation” for “serious violations of discipline,” – a term commonly used to infer corruption - the provincial party internal disciplinary commission said on Thursday.
Jin began his political career as a typist in Shenchi county’s party headquarters in 1977.
ref: 2014 May 15, Stephen Chen, “Ninth official at centre of graft probe in Shanxi”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 22 Sep 2014, China:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Pianguan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /piənˈɡwɑn/
ipa: /pijənˈɡwɑn/
Forms: form: P'ien-kuan
form: Pienkuan
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 偏關 /偏关 (Piānguān), a clipping of the original name 偏頭關 /偏头关 (Piāntóuguān, “Crooked or Isolated Head Pass”).
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Piantou, a mountain pass and important gate in Shanxi, China.
synonyms: word: Piantou
extra: a mountain pass and important gate in Shanxi, China
examples: text: In 1958 and 1959 in conjunction with the execution of the Huanghe River (Yellow River) Water Conservancy Project, an investigation of paleolithic stone artifacts was conducted along the Huanghe River, from Togtoh County of the Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolian) Autonomous Region in the north to Pianguan County, Shanxi Province in the south, with Lamawan in Qingshuihe County as the center.
ref: 1980, Atlas of Primitive Man in China, Beijing: Science Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 130:
text: In the poor county of Pianguan in northern Shanxi, officials said declining local government revenues meant hardship for teachers and others paid from state coffers.
ref: 1998 June 2, Jasper Becker, “Axed workers take to streets as province suffers”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 Aug 2023:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Hequ
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: hŭʹchüʹ
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 河曲 (Héqū).
Senses: examples: text: A few months ago, however, hope came to the boys and girls of the region. The Provincial Government of Suiyan had sent word that all young people who could escape into Free China could go to school at government expense. Between Suiyan City and Hochu, where the refugee students were to gather, lay nearly four hundred miles of unknown country, mostly desert. Those undertaking the journey must first cross the Yellow River which separated occupied territory from Free China, and the river was strongly patrolled by the enemy.
ref: [1945 October, Jeanette Eaton, “Escape”, in Story Parade, →OCLC, page 3, column 2:
text: On leaving Shenchi, the way lay up a wide valley, on a good road. Then we took to the hills in Wuzhai (Wuchai) county, winding amongst mountain ridges, until we came to Hequ (Hochu) county, where there were more mountains, wild serrated loess country, but everywhere trees and then more trees.
ref: 1979 January, Rewi Alley, “Yanbei and Xinxian Prefectures in 1978”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVIII, number 1, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11, column 1:
text: Before this moment of truth in the middle of the river, I had wondered what had happened to the Christians. Why did I only meet a few? The explanation offered was that the younger Christians had left for Inner Mongolia, where there are now 20,000 residents from Hequ County. There are only 120,000 people left in Hequ County, and 10,000 in Hequ city, the same number as there were during the bombing in 1939. While the population in the rest of China has more than doubled, Hequ has not grown.
ref: 2004, Kari Torjesen Malcolm, We Signed Away Our Lives: How One Family Gave Everything for the Gospel, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 173:
text: In Hequ county in Shanxi province, two thirds of public servants have been effectively laid off, bursting the bubbles of the so-called iron rice bowl from an occupation which traditionally had guaranteed job security.
ref: 2022 September 15, Luna Sun, “China’s fiscal woes highlighted as local authorities turn to fines, traffic tickets to boost revenues”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 Sep 2022, China Economy:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Baode
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /baʊ.di/
ipa: /-də/
ipa: /-deɪ/
enpr: bouʹdǔʹ
Etymology: From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 保德.
Senses: examples: text: In the past, the Kuochiachuang production brigade of Paote County had to depend on the state for its supply of grain.
ref: [1970 December 16 [1970 December 7], “Shansi Peasants Emulate Tachai, Win Bumper Harvest”, in Daily Report: Communist China, number 243, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, North Region, page F 5:
text: The bronzes found at Ch'ao-tao-kou - a dagger with a decorated handle and a ram-head pommel, an ax with a tubular socket, and four knives with arched backs decorated with pommels in the form of a rattle or a ram-head knob - and at analogous sites, such as Lin-che-yü (Pao-te county, Shensi),³⁰ have contributed greatly to defining the Northern Zone as a distinct cultural complex.
ref: [2002, Nicola Di Cosmo, Ancient China and its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 52:
text: In 2003 in Shanxi Province, the director of the Xuanbo Joint Cokeoven Plant ordered his workers to attack a television reporter from CCTV who was investigating pollution at the plant. The reporter was rescued by a SEPA delegation that arrived shortly thereafter, which then ordered the local environmental enforcement group in Baode County to protect his right to investigate.
ref: 2005, Elizabeth Economy, “Environmental Enforcement in China”, in Kristen A. Day, editor, China's Environment and the Challenge of Sustainable Development, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 116:
text: The National Development and Reform Commission has approved Shanxi Tongde Aluminium Company's plan to build a 1 million-tonne-per-year alumina refinery in Baode county in Shanxi province in the north, a statement posted on the commission website showed. It did not provide the completion time.
ref: 2011 July 20, “China to add 1 mln tonnes of alumina capacity -NDRC”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 24 Nov 2023, Commodities:
glosses: A county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.
Lemp
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Lemps
Etymology: Borrowed from German Lemp.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.