hitherto
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhɪðəˈtuː/
ipa: /ˈhɪðətuː/
ipa: [ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː]
ipa: [ˈhɪðətʰuː]
ipa: /ˈhɪðəɹˌtu/
ipa: /ˌhɪðəɹˈtu/
ipa: [ˈhɪðəɹˌtʰu]
ipa: [ˌhɪðəɹˈtʰu]
text: -
Etymology: The adverb is derived from Middle English hiderto (“to the present time, until now; up to this point”), from hider (“in this direction, to or toward this place; up to the present time, until now”) (from Old English hider (“to here, hither”)) + to (“in the direction of, toward; etc.”). By surface analysis, hither + to.
The adjective is derived from the adverb.
Senses: examples: text: All men att the begynnynge⸝ ſett forth goode wyne⸝ And when men be dronke⸝ then thatt which is worſſe: Butt thou haſt kept backe the goode wyne hetherto.
ref: 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Gospell off S. Jhon ij:[10], folio cxxj, recto:
text: [T]he greateſt and moſt active part of Mankind, has never hetherto been vvell contented vvith the preſent.
ref: 1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Office of the Soveraign Representative”, in Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: […] [William Wilson] for Andrew Crooke, […], →OCLC, 2nd part (Of Common-wealth), page 185:
text: But Charles, as vvell from unvvillingneſs to alienate a province of ſo much value, as from diſguſt at the Pope, vvho had hitherto refuſed to join in the vvar againſt Francis, rejected the propoſal.
ref: 1769, William Robertson, “Book VII”, in The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V. […], volume III, London: […] W. and W. Strahan, for W[illiam] Strahan, T[homas] Cadell, […]; and J. Balfour, […], →OCLC, page 10:
text: The exhaustless conjecturings of that evening's full conversation, made such of the small party, as had hitherto been strangers, well acquainted with each other's turn of mind; […]
ref: 1830, Anna Maria Porter, chapter X, in The Barony. […], volume III, London: […] [A[ndrew] & R[obert] Spottiswoode] for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, […], →OCLC, page 460:
text: The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
ref: 1888, Karl Marx; Frederick [i.e., Friedrich] Engels, “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., edited by Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party […] Authorized English Translation […], Chicago, Ill.: Charles H[ope] Kerr & Company, published [1910], →OCLC, page 12:
text: The results of this study argue for a greater endonormativity in Indian English than has hitherto been recognised.
ref: 2014 March, James Lambert, “Diachronic Stability in Indian English Lexis”, in World Englishes, volume 33, number 1, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 124:
text: North of Tain[…], the line reaches the southern shore of Dornoch Firth. Here, the railway and the A9 trunk road, which have hitherto run close together, diverge.
ref: 2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and Pleasure on the Far North Line”, in Rail, number 942, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 49:
topics: law
synonyms: up to now
heretofore
antonyms: word: from now on
word: henceforth
word: hitherto
glosses: Up to this or that time.
examples: text: Hither to ſhalt thou come, but no further, and here ſhalt thou laye downe thy proude and hye wawes.^([sic – meaning waves])
ref: 1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Job xxxviij:[11], folio xi, recto, column 1:
text: The Archdeacon hath diuided it / Into three limits very equally: / England from Trent, and Seuerne hitherto, / By South and Eaſt is to my part aſsignd: […]
ref: c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], signature F1, recto:
text: Thus far the very Reputation of Defending our Rights does Service to the Publick, it checks and diſcourages Tyranny, and is the Shore and Sea-dyke againſt Arbitrary Povver, and ſays to its proud VVaves, Hitherto ſhall ye come and no further.
ref: 1694, Samuel Johnson, Notes upon the Phœnix Edition of the Pastoral Letter. Part I, London: Printed for the author, →OCLC, page 64:
glosses: Up to this place.
examples: text: The great man dovvne, you marke his fauourite flyes, / The poore aduanc'd, makes friends of enemies, / And hetherto doth loue on fortune tend, / For vvho not needes, ſhall neuer lacke a friend, / And vvho in vvant a hollovv friend doth try, / Directly ſeaſons him his enemy.
ref: c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signatures H2, recto – H2, verso:
text: "Really, Mr. Collins," cried Elizabeth with some warmth, "you puzzle me exceedingly. If what I have hitherto said can appear to you in the form of encouragement, I know not how to express my refusal in such a way as to convince you of its being one."
ref: 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XIX, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 251:
glosses: In speech or writing: up to this point; thus far.
examples: text: And the eſpeciall intent of this meeting is, to receive our Biſhops directions for the adminiſtration of the Sacraments and Preaching, as his Articles informe us. Hitherto, if I can but hold me by my text, I hope not to fall into impertinencies.
ref: 1635 August 27 (date delivered; Gregorian calendar), John Pocklington, Sunday No Sabbath. A Sermon Preached before the Lord Bishop of Lincolne, at His Lordships Visitation at Ampthill in the County of Bedford, Aug. 17. 1635, London: […] Robert Young, published 1636, →OCLC, page 2:
glosses: Synonym of hereto (“regarding this subject; to achieve this result; to this end”).
synonyms: word: hereto
extra: regarding this subject; to achieve this result; to this end
Synonyms: word: as yet
word: as of yet
word: erenow
word: herebefore
word: hereto
word: heretofore
word: heretoforetime
word: hereunto
word: hereuntofore
word: hitherto
word: hithertofore
word: so far
word: thus far
word: to date
word: up to now
word: yet
Hypernyms: word: formerly
Related terms: —
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whyso
whysoever
1. Scottish2. from Middle English mid3. old dialectal form