cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
consolidation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
ipa: /kənˌsɑləˈdeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: consolidations
Etymology: From Latin cōnsolidātiō, cōnsolidātiōnem, from cōnsolidō.
Senses: synonyms: solidification
combination
glosses: The act or process of consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the state of being consolidated.
glosses: The combination of several actions into one.
examples: text: The areas of lung dysventilation with an absence of alveolar air are visualized in the form of consolidations adjacent to the pleural line.
ref: 2015 May 21, Vincenzo Basile et al., “Lung ultrasound: a useful tool in diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis”, in BMC Pediatrics, volume 15, →DOI:
text: These included multilobular consolidation with histiological lesions of bronchiolitis with epithelial necrosis and syncytia [14 ].
ref: 2015 November 17, “Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A solidification into a firm dense mass. It is usually applied to induration (swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue) of a normally aerated lung.
Coordinate terms: sense: The act of uniting by combination
word: defragmentation
Derived terms: anticonsolidation
con
consol
deconsolidation
microconsolidation
nonconsolidation
order consolidation
overconsolidation
preconsolidation
alveoli
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌal.viˈəʊ.laɪ/
ipa: /alˈviː.əl.aɪ/
ipa: /ælˈvi.əl.aɪ/
Senses: glosses: plural of alveolus
conserved
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of conserve
conserved
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more conserved
form: most conserved
Senses: examples: text: This hybrid automobile saves a lot of money from conserved gasoline.
glosses: Of or relating to something to which conservation has been applied; saved from being wasted
Derived terms: conservedly
cryoconserve
hyperconserved
microconserved
nonconserved
semiconserved
ultraconserved
unconserved
poly theism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of polytheism.
poly-theism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of polytheism.
perc
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: perc.
Senses: glosses: Clipping of perchloroethylene: a common solvent used in dry-cleaning.
examples: text: a perc test of the soil
glosses: Clipping of percolation.
examples: text: As members of the middle class try to hang on to the percs and privileges of their fading good life, they rush, as always before, to "cast their cares upon God."
ref: 1994 October, Harry Hay, “Focussing On NAMBLA Obscures The Issues”, in Gay Community News, page 19:
glosses: Alternative form of perk (perquisite)
perc
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: perc.
Senses: examples: perc trach
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Percutaneous.
perc
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: percs
Senses: glosses: A Percocet tablet taken as a recreational drug.
hyphy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhaɪfiː/
rhymes: -aɪfi
Forms: form: hyphier
form: hyphiest
form: hyphe
form: hyphee
form: hyphie
Etymology: Probably an alteration of hype or hyper. American rapper Keak da Sneak is sometimes credited as coining the word in the 1990s, but no evidence exists to support this and the term is first attested in 2002.
Senses: examples: text: She was so hyphy outside the club Saturday night, she nearly punched a cop!
glosses: Rambunctious, loud, crazy, dangerous, irrational, and outrageous in behavior.
examples: text: Oakland is the place to look for 'hyphy' (hyperactive) New Bay hip-hop, while SoCal is still riding the 'crunk' (crazy-drunk) drum and bass beats with […]
ref: 2006, Andrea Schulte-Peevers et al., California, Lonely Planet Publications, →ISBN, page 46:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Of or relating to the hyphy music subgenre or culture.
hyphy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhaɪfiː/
rhymes: -aɪfi
Forms: form: hyphe
form: hyphee
form: hyphie
Etymology: Probably an alteration of hype or hyper. American rapper Keak da Sneak is sometimes credited as coining the word in the 1990s, but no evidence exists to support this and the term is first attested in 2002.
Senses: examples: text: It was Oakland rapper Keak Da Sneak who claims to have invented the term: upon being told by his mother that he was “hyperactive”, Keak repeated the term as “hyphy”. Since then, hyphy has come to refer to a complex group of cultural activities synonymous with Oakland: it is at once a sound, a behavior, a choice in recreational drugs.
ref: 2009, Mickey Hess, editor, Hip Hop in America: A Regional Guide, volume 1, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 281:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A subgenre of hip-hop music and dancing associated with the San Francisco Bay Area.
coup de main
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ku də meɪn/
/ku də mæn/
Forms: form: coups de main
Etymology: Borrowed from French coup de main.
Senses: examples: text: That which of all things he most dreaded was that he should be out-generalled by Mr. Slope; and just at present it appeared probable that Mr. Slope would turn his flank, steal a march on him, cut off his provisions, carry his strong town by a coup de main, and at last beat him thoroughly in a regular pitched battle.
ref: 1857, Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers, volume II, →ISBN, page 78:
coordinate_terms: coup de force
glosses: A sudden development or action carried out to surprise an enemy.
driving under the influence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: automotive
law
transport
vehicles
glosses: Operating a motor vehicle while impaired due to the consumption of drugs or alcohol.
Synonyms: dewey
DUI
hood rat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hood rats
Etymology: From hood (“neighborhood”) + rat. First use appears c. 1993 in the Philadelphia Tribune.
Senses: examples: text: Let's get a couple of hood rats over for the party tonight.
text: It is true. Carmen is an official gold digger. In fact, she is an instructor at the school of gold digging. Hood rats have been clocking her style for years. Wanting to pull the players she pulled, and wishing they had the looks she had.
ref: 2005, Jr. Aaron Bryant, Cupid Is Stupid, page 19:
qualifier: African-American Vernacular
glosses: A person, especially a woman, from an urban neighborhood who overtly exhibits attributes associated with inner city life, especially in both behavior and appearance.
wikipedia: Philadelphia Tribune
thizzin
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: thizzing
form: thizzin'
Senses: glosses: present participle of thizz
mara
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑːɹə/
rhymes: -ɑːɹə
Forms: form: maras
Etymology: Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.
Senses: examples: text: The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.
ref: 1996, Catharina Raudvere, “Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions”, in Sandra Billington, Miranda Green, editors, The Concept of the Goddess, pages 41–55:
topics: arts
folklore
history
human-sciences
literature
media
publishing
sciences
glosses: A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.
mara
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑːɹə/
rhymes: -ɑːɹə
Forms: form: maras
Etymology: Borrowed from Sanskrit मार (māra).
Senses: examples: text: Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates.[…]The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder.[…]The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive.[…]The last mara is the mara of death.
ref: 2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity, Wisdom Publications, page 20:
topics: Buddhism
lifestyle
religion
glosses: A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.
examples: text: The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.
ref: 2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73:
topics: Buddhism
lifestyle
religion
glosses: Any malicious or evil spirit.
Related terms: Mara
mara
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɑːɹə/
rhymes: -ɑːɹə
Forms: form: maras
Etymology: From New World Spanish mara.
Senses: examples: text: Maras have a white patch of fur on the rump that they flash when running, an adaptation they share with several species of deer and antelopes.
ref: 1999, Michael A. Mares, editor, Encyclopedia of Deserts, Mara, page 349:
text: Although only Dolichotis, the Patagonian mara, is strongly cursorial, all caviids have certain features typical of cursorial mammals[…].
ref: 2011, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, 5th edition, page 228:
text: Maras (Dolichotis patagonum) are cursorial and prefer open areas with low vegetation for breeding and more barren sites for construction of communal dens (Taber and Macdonald 1992; Baldi 2007).
ref: 2013, R. L. Honeycutt, “Chapter 3: Phylogenetics of Caviomorph Rodents and Genetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Sociality and Mating Systems in the Caviidae”, in José Roberto Moreira, Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz, Emilio A. Herrera, David W. Macdonald, editors, Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species, page 70:
glosses: Any caviid rodent of the genus Dolichotis, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Dolichotis patagonum
word: Patagonian mara
taxonomic: Dolichotis salinicola
word: Chacoan mara
Related terms: mara d'atra
terra-mara
xenon difluoride
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: a crystalline substance, XeF₂, used as a fluorinating agent and oxidizing agent in various surface modification processes, and as an etching agent in semiconductor production
ponto
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pontos
Etymology: From Portuguese ponto (“point”), Old Galician-Portuguese ponto, from Latin punctum, from pungō (“to prick, to puncture”). Doublet of point, pointe, puncto, punctum, punt, and punto.
Senses: qualifier: measure
glosses: A traditional short Portuguese unit of length usually about equal to 0.2 mm.
Synonyms: word: Portuguese point
english: in Portuguese contexts
translation: in Portuguese contexts
word: point
Coordinate terms: english: traditional English equivalent
translation: traditional English equivalent
word: point
word: linha (12 pontos)
word: grao (24 pontos)
word: dedo (96 pontos)
word: polegada (144 pontos)
testo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Clipping of testosterone
Senses: glosses: testosterone, especially pharmaceutical testosterone
greengage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹiːnɡeɪd͡ʒ/
Forms: form: greengages
form: green-gage
form: green gage
form: green-gedge
Etymology: By surface analysis, green + gage. See alternative etymology below, as this is incorrect: the etymology for gage is a back-formation from greengage.
alternative etymology
The legend goes that Sir William Gage, 2nd Baronet of Hengrave, (c. 1656–1727), had a shipment of plums from France, in which the labels of the reine-claude got lost, by which reason his gardener called it after his master. Horticulturist Peter Collinson reports in his notes edited by L. W. Dillwyn in 1843, page 60: I was on a visit to Sir William Gage, at Hengrave, near Bury; he was then near 70; he told me that he first brought over, from France, the Grosse reine Claude, and introduced it into England, and in compliment to him the Plum was called the Green Gage; this was about the year 1725. Contrary to the common story however here the French name is known to the baronet, and it could consequentially completely be a running joke, in that he exploited a coincidental likeness of his name to a plant name to become part of history. An older term denoting the very same plum cultivar, which ultimately derives from the Near East, via the Sublime Porte under Kanuni Süleyman, is found in Persian گوجه سبز (gowje sabz)
Senses: examples: text: The apricot rarely produces any fruit, except in a few places, and then very scantily. The greengage plum is nearly equally unproductive.
ref: 1834, John Forbes, “Sketch of the Medical Topography of the Hundred of Penwith”, in Transactions of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, volume 2, page 66:
text: Just where the horse trams trundled across the market was a row of fruit stalls, with fruit blazing in the sun—apples and piles of reddish oranges, small greengage plums and bananas.
ref: 1913, D. H. Lawrence, chapter 5, in Sons and Lovers:
hypernyms: gage
glosses: A plum cultivar with greenish-yellow flesh and skin, Prunus domestica subsp. italica var. claudiana.
wikipedia: Hengrave
Peter Collinson (botanist)
Rokewode-Gage baronets
Sublime Porte
Suleiman the Magnificent
Derived terms: greengagey
floruit
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈflɔɹ(j)uɪt/
ipa: /ˈflɔːɹʊɪt/
ipa: /ˈflɒɹʊɪt/
Forms: form: fl.
form: flor.
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin flōruit (“he/she/it flourished”), from flōreō (“bloom, flourish”), from flōs (“flower”).
Senses: examples: text: Marius Mercator must have shared the vigour of Alcimus, for he floruit in 218 according to Mr. Miller , while he at any rate existed in 418.
ref: 1895, Arthur Cayley Headlam, The Church Quarterly Review, page 155:
text: J. Joyce (floruit 1850)
In 1926 Svevo wrote a letter to James Joyce in Paris inquiring if he were related to the J. Joyce who in 1850 had had printed and published by Lloyd Austriaco in Trieste a book[...]
ref: 1993 November 15, Joseph Cary, A Ghost in Trieste, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 230:
text: Mīrā (Bai). Floruit 16th century. Rajasthan's most famous female saint and poetess of Kṛṣṇa bhakti.
ref: 2003, Banāsā, Banasa: A Spiritual Autobiography, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 86:
qualifier: rare except abbreviated
glosses: lived, used in biographies to indicate a time period during which a person is known to have been alive, when dates of birth and/or death are not known.
floruit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈflɔɹ(j)uɪt/
ipa: /ˈflɔːɹʊɪt/
ipa: /ˈflɒɹʊɪt/
Forms: form: floruits
form: fl.
form: flor.
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin flōruit (“he/she/it flourished”), from flōreō (“bloom, flourish”), from flōs (“flower”).
Senses: examples: text: Though Aristotle claimed that a human being reaches his intellectual peak at age forty-nine (Rhetoric 1390b9), chronologists reckon a person's flowering—his floruit—at about age forty. The mists of time have made the precise reckoning of chronology quite difficult. Sometimes, when a birth is not known, a floruit can be estimated on the basis of what is known about an individual's career.
ref: 2005, James A. Arieti, Philosophy in the Ancient World, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page xxi:
synonyms: flowering
glosses: The time period during which a person, group, culture, etc. is at its peak.
Lord's Supper
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: Christianity
glosses: Eucharist
topics: Christianity
synonyms: Last Supper
glosses: The Last Supper at Passover of Jesus with his disciples.
morisco
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: moriscos
form: moriscoes
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Morisco.
shitepoke
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈʃaɪtpəʊk/
Forms: form: shitepokes
form: shikepoke
form: shypoke
Etymology: From shite (“feces”) + poke (“bag”), with reference to the birds' habit of defecating when disturbed.
Senses: glosses: The green heron, Butorides virescens.
glosses: The black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax.
glosses: The American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus.
gost
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gosts
Senses: examples: text: ... may non evylle gost entre ne come unto the place that it is inne.
ref: 1600, Richard Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, reprint edition, Kessinger Publishing, published 2004, →ISBN, page 68:
glosses: Obsolete spelling of ghost.
mummer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌm.ə/
ipa: /ˈmʌm.ɚ/
rhymes: -ʌmə(ɹ)
Forms: form: mummers
Etymology: From Middle English mummer, mommer, equivalent to mum + -er, perhaps conflating with Old French momeor (“jester, entertainer”), from mommer (“to wear a mask”), from momon (“mask”). Compare German Mumme (“mask”), 16th Century German mummen (“to disguise oneself”), Middle Dutch mommen, mummen (“to go about in a mask, to disguise”), Middle Low Saxon mommen (“to wear a mask, to disguise”), Dutch mom (“mask”) and mimmen (“to mask”) as well as Spanish momo (“grimace”).
Perhaps both of the conflated terms are from the same ultimate root, as note Middle Low Saxon mummen (“to speak indistinctly, to disguise oneself”), Dutch mommen (“to speak indistinctly”), German mummen (“to speak indistinctly”), English mump (“to grimace, mumble”).
Senses: glosses: A person who dons a disguising costume, as for a parade or a festival.
examples: text: [To] perform as mummers, who act in relays of eight, at the worship of ancestors.
ref: 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “舞 (bú)”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 16:
glosses: An actor in a pantomime; one who communicates entirely through gesture and facial expression.
Synonyms: sense: actor in a pantomime
word: mime
Derived terms: Mummerset
Related terms: mummery
mumchance
mummer
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌm.ə/
ipa: /ˈmʌm.ɚ/
rhymes: -ʌmə(ɹ)
Forms: form: mummers
form: mummering
form: mummered
form: mummered
Etymology: From Middle English mummer, mommer, equivalent to mum + -er, perhaps conflating with Old French momeor (“jester, entertainer”), from mommer (“to wear a mask”), from momon (“mask”). Compare German Mumme (“mask”), 16th Century German mummen (“to disguise oneself”), Middle Dutch mommen, mummen (“to go about in a mask, to disguise”), Middle Low Saxon mommen (“to wear a mask, to disguise”), Dutch mom (“mask”) and mimmen (“to mask”) as well as Spanish momo (“grimace”).
Perhaps both of the conflated terms are from the same ultimate root, as note Middle Low Saxon mummen (“to speak indistinctly, to disguise oneself”), Dutch mommen (“to speak indistinctly”), German mummen (“to speak indistinctly”), English mump (“to grimace, mumble”).
Senses: examples: text: There is a general agreement that niggering [blackface performance] took over from mummering to keep up the old custom.
ref: 1976, Cake and Cockhorse, volume 7, page 220:
text: We mummered taverns and restaurants and the airport (the dead man went round and round on the luggage carousel). We mummered Portuguese fishing trawlers in the harbour, where the show worked despite the language barrier, […]
ref: 1988, Chris Brookes, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Institute of Social and Economic Research, A Public Nuisance: A History of the Mummers Troupe (page 53)
glosses: Synonym of mum (“to act in pantomime or dumb show”).
synonyms: word: mum
extra: to act in pantomime or dumb show
rov
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rovs
Senses: examples: text: My Rov tells me (in Yiddish) "today? there are no Chassidim and no Misnagdim. I wish there were!"
ref: 1992 December 16, Isaac Balbin, “The difference between a chasid and a misnagid”, in soc.culture.jewish (Usenet):
glosses: Alternative form of rav.
combi deck
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: combi decks
form: combideck
form: combi-deck
Senses: glosses: A media appliance that combines different technologies in one unit, particularly a cassette and CD player, or a DVD player and VCR.
ballyhooed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more ballyhooed
form: most ballyhooed
Senses: examples: text: Waitress: There's a man over there who says he's waiting for you.
Niles: Ah. No doubt the much ballyhooed Bob.
ref: 1996, Frasier episode 3.11:
text: "...viewers didn't hate them. They were just shocked by them. And all of the ballyhooed techniques used by the armies of market researchers at CBS utterly failed to distinguish between these two very different emotions."
ref: 2005, Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking, Malcolm Gladwell, page 175:
text: "In Iraq, [director of the American University of Beirut's Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs Rami] Khouri said, the country's vote in January 2005 produced the "much-ballyhooed purple ink-stained finger" but cannot be equated with credible democratic transformation."
ref: 2007 — Bush Is Losing Credibility On Democracy, Activists Say, Robin Wright, Washington Post, 2007-06-10
glosses: Sensationalized; presented with grand claims.
ballyhooed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of ballyhoo
kenning
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɛnɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛnɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English kenning, kening (“instruction, teaching; experience, knowledge; sight, view”), from kennen (“to make known, point out, reveal; to direct, instruct, teach; to know, perceive”) + -ing. Kennen is derived from Old English cennan (“to make known, declare”), from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”), the causative form of *kunnaną (“to know, be familiar with, recognize; to be able to, know how”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Compare Danish kending (“acquaintance”), and see further at ken. By surface analysis, ken + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of ken.
kenning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɛnɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛnɪŋ
Forms: form: kennings
Etymology: From ken (“to beget, bring forth”), from Middle English kennen (“to beget, conceive (offspring); to give birth to”), from Old English cennan, gecennan (“to beget (offspring); to give birth to; to bring forth, produce”); see further at etymology 1.
Senses: examples: text: The ſtreine or kenning of the egge.
ref: 1585, “Oui vmbilicus”, in Iohn Higins, transl., The Nomenclator, or Remembrancer of Adrianus Iunius, London: Ralph Newberie and Henrie Denham, page 54:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: A chalaza or tread of an egg (a spiral band attaching the yolk of the egg to the eggshell); a cicatricula.
kenning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɛnɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛnɪŋ
Forms: form: kennings
Etymology: A learned borrowing from Old Norse kenning, from kenna (“to know; to perceive”), from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”); see further at etymology 1. Compare can, keen, ken.
Senses: examples: text: [A]s we are all aware, the Skalds used all sorts of kennings from Jewels, Gold, Silver, &c., to betoken Women, &c. Gold is called "The Sea's Blink (Blik)", and so on, and a female is "Gold's Mistress", "The Goddess of the Golden Jewel", and so forth.
ref: 1867–1868, George Stephens, “Bracteates”, in The Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England, Now First Collected and Deciphered, volume II, London: John Russell Smith; Copenhagen: Michaelsen and Tillge; printed by H. H. Thiele, →OCLC, pages 509–510:
text: I venture to say that a close study of the style of Piers Plowman would thoroughly dispose of alliteration as chief factor in the kenning-process.
ref: 1887 January, Francis B. Gummere, “Wilhelm Bode: Die Kenningar in der angelsächsen Dichtung. Mit Ausblicken auf andere Litteraturen. Darmstadt und Leipzig, 1886. [Strasburg Dissertation].”, in A. Marshall Elliott, editor, Modern Language Notes, volume II, number 1, Baltimore, Md.: [Johns Hopkins Press], →ISSN, →OCLC, column 36:
text: If we now move to the second helmingr, Kock tries to unscramble the two kenningar[…], but this is over-zealous, since there are ample parallels for such braiding of kenning elements. Finnbogi interprets the kenning 'ǫrbeiðanda bǫðvar jǫkla' contextually, to mean 'the one who provoked the warrior into drawing his sword' (Orkneyinga saga, 202).
ref: 2006, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium: Brepols, →OCLC, page 149:
text: The original also makes frequent use of the circumlocutory type of poetic expression known as the kenning, which consists (in its simplest form) of a base-word (always a noun, sometimes the second of the two elements in a compound word) accompanied by a determinant (either a noun in the genitive or, in the case of a compound-word kenning, the first of the compound's two elements).
ref: 2007, Andrew Wawn with Graham Johnson and John Walter, editors, Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey (Making in the Middle Ages; 9), Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium: Brepols, →ISBN, page 172:
text: Taken by themselves, the kennings are not especially witty, and calling a ship “a sea-stallion” and the open sea “the whale's road” is no great feat.
ref: 2014, M.J. Toswell, Borges the Unacknowledged Medievalist, New York: Palgrave Macmillan:
topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
poetry
publishing
writing
glosses: A metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way.
Related terms: heiti
kenning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɛnɪŋ/
rhymes: -ɛnɪŋ
Forms: form: kennings
Etymology: Origin unknown.
Senses: examples: text: In the hall. One large table, with frame. 10s. ij cobbordes 8s. j fourme, j chaire, and j kenninge measure, 12d.
ref: 1585–1586 January 18, “LXIII. Testamentum Johannis Ogle. [63. Will of John Ogle.]”, in [William Greenwell], editor, Wills and Inventories from the Registry at Durham. Part II (The Publications of the Surtees Society; XXXVIII), Durham: Published for the Society by George Andrews, Durham; London: Whittaker and Co., 13 Ave Maria Lane; T. and W. Boone, 29 New Bond Street; Edinburgh: Blackwood and Sons, published 1860, →OCLC, page 132:
english: 63. Will of John Ogle.
translation: 63. Will of John Ogle.
text: He called one day at Mr. Hepple's, of Needless Hall, in a forlorn condition, seeking his seed (a present of corn given at seed-time). […] After this conversation, Mr. Hepple served him with a kenning of oats, which was a much greater quantity than he usually gave on such occasions.
ref: 1828, chapter XXX, in E. Mackenzie, editor, compiled by James Thompson, A New, Improved, and Authentic Life of James Allan, the Celebrated Northumberland Piper; Detailing His Surprising Adventures in Various Parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, including a Complete Description of the Manners and Customs of the Gipsy Tribes. Collected from Sources of Genuine Authority, by James Thompson, with Explanatory Notes by E. Mackenzie, …, Newcastle upon Tyne: Printed and published by Mackenzie and Dent, St. Nicholas' Church-yard [...], →OCLC, page 460:
glosses: A dry measure equivalent to half a bushel; a container with that capacity.
empty product
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: empty products
Senses: topics: arithmetic
glosses: The result of multiplying no numbers, conventionally defined to equal one.
Related terms: empty sum
empty sum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: empty sums
Senses: topics: arithmetic
glosses: The result of adding no numbers, conventionally defined to equal zero.
Synonyms: nullary sum
Related terms: empty product
nullary sum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nullary sums
Senses: examples: text: These concepts are expressed by sum types, specifically the binary sum, which offers a choice of two things, and the nullary sum, which offers a choice of no things.
ref: 2012, Robert Harper, Practical Foundations for Programming Languages, →ISBN, page 86:
topics: arithmetic
glosses: An empty sum.
school bus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈskuːl.bʌs/
Forms: form: school buses
form: school busses
form: schoolbus
form: school-bus
Etymology: Compound of school + bus.
Senses: glosses: A bus which carries children to or from school.
Related terms: school bus yellow
walking school bus
Organon
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Ancient Greek Ὄργανον (Órganon, “instrument, tool, organ”).
Senses: glosses: The standard collection of the works of Aristotelian logic.
Newtonian fluid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Newtonian fluids
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: a fluid whose stress at each point is linearly proportional to the strain rate at that point
non-Newtonian fluid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: non-Newtonian fluids
Etymology: From non-Newtonian + fluid.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: a fluid whose stress at each point is not linearly proportional to the strain rate at that point; i.e. its viscosity depends on the applied shear force
Hyponyms: non-Newtonian liquid
Coordinate terms: non-Newtonian flow
Related terms: rheology
nickeline
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nickelines
Senses: topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A mineral, a form of nickel arsenide, NiAs, having a metallic lustre and copper-red colour, that is a minor ore of nickel.
Synonyms: niccolite
niccolite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: niccolites
Etymology: Latin niccolum (“nickel”) + -ite.
Senses: topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Synonym of nickeline.
synonyms: word: nickeline
lascar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lascars
form: Lascar
form: lashkar
form: laskar
Etymology: From Hindustani لشکر / लश्कर (laśkar), from Persian لشکر (laškar). Doublet of askari.
Senses: examples: text: A motley crowd saunters along the streets — Lascars off a P. and O., blond Northmen from a Swedish barque, Japanese from a man-of-war, English sailors, Spaniards, pleasant-looking fellows from a French cruiser, negroes off an American tramp.
ref: 1919, W. Somerset Maugham, “chapter 47”, in The Moon and Sixpence:
text: ...and what foreigner is it, exactly, that Pirate has in mind if it isn't that stateless lascar across his own mirror-glass, that poorest of exiles...
ref: 1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:
text: As for the voyage itself, his account of Mauritius, where the ship stopped, saw the appearance of Muslim lascars.
ref: 2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins, published 2021, page 35:
glosses: A sailor from India or Southeast Asia, especially as serving on a European ship.
glosses: A tent-pitcher; also a type of artilleryman.
glosses: Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the Asian genera Pantoporia and Lasippa.
NAD
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Numerous studies have shown restoring NAD+ levels safely improves overall health and increases life span in yeast, mice and dogs.
ref: 2022 June 2, Sandee LaMotte, “The ‘Benjamin Button’ effect: Scientists can reverse aging in mice. The goal is to do the same for humans”, in CNN:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Initialism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Related terms: LOL in NAD
NADP
NAD
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Initialism of nothing abnormal (or no abnormality) discovered (or detected).
NAD
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: Several NAD members I interviewed have been working with the FMCSA and cited a history of FMCSA’s negative language regarding the pilot program and ableist comments by those involved in the industry posted in response to the petition among other factors as reasons for concern.
ref: 2020 April 16, Sara Novic, “What deaf truckers have to fear from the Trump administration”, in CNN:
glosses: Initialism of National Association for the Deaf.
NADP
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Initialism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: NAD
Senses: examples: text: The treatment in mice involved boosting their levels of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) – a natural protein that already controls DNA repair in our body.
ref: 2017 March 24, Tom Bawden, Not getting any older may be possibility after key discovery, in the i, № 1,975, page 15/5:
text: Sinclair also takes 1 gram of NMN, or nicotinamide mononucleotide, which in the body turns into NAD+, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
ref: 2022 June 2, Sandee LaMotte, “The ‘Benjamin Button’ effect: Scientists can reverse aging in mice. The goal is to do the same for humans”, in CNN:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An organic coenzyme involved in biological oxidation and reduction reactions.
Synonyms: sense: organic coenzyme
word: codehydrogenase I
sense: organic coenzyme
word: coenzyme I
sense: organic coenzyme
alt: DPN
word: diphosphopyridine nucleotide
sense: organic coenzyme
alt: NAD⁺
word: nadide
Related terms: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide
nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An organic coenzyme involved in biological oxidation and reduction reactions.
Synonyms: triphosphopyridine nucleotide
TPN
coenzyme II
codehydrogenase II
Related terms: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
TPN
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Initialism of triphosphopyridine nucleotide.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Initialism of total parenteral nutrition.
DPN
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: DPNs
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Initialism of diphosphopyridine nucleotide.
examples: text: Begin with a multiple of 4 stitches on two dpn.
ref: 2008, Jane Davis, Knitting - The Complete Guide, page 144:
topics: business
knitting
manufacturing
textiles
glosses: Initialism of double-pointed needle(s).
berdache
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bər-dăsh′
ipa: /bəˈdæʃ/
ipa: /bɚˈdæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: berdaches
Etymology: From French bardache, from Italian bardassa, perhaps from Arabic بَرْدَج (bardaj, “slave”). Doublet of bardash.
Senses: examples: text: These culturally bound assumptions have bedevilled the entire anthropological literature on the berdache in Native American cultures, and it is because of this that I have followed the lead of Angelino and Shedd when referring to the phenomenon of the berdache-transgenderal, for as Fitzgerald (1977) points out: "A berdache . . . may be a transvestite, but a transvestite need not be a berdache; and neither need be homosexual."
ref: 1980, Kenneth E. Read, “Observations on the Current State of Anthropological Research on Homosexual Behavior”, in Other Voices: The Style of a Male Homosexual Tavern, Novato, Cali.: Chandler & Sharp Publishers, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 187:
text: Gender is the sociocultural designation of biobehavioral and psychosocial qualities of the sexes; for example, woman (female), man (male), other(s) (e.g., berdaches²). Notions of gender are culturally specific and depend on the ways in which cultures define and differentiate human (and other) potentials and possibilities. While many people in Western society may think first of heterosexual women and men when the word "gender" is mentioned, there are more gender possibilities than just those two.
ref: 1989, Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Christine Roberts, “Sex, Sexuality, Gender, and Gender Variance”, in Sandra Morgen, editor, Gender and Anthropology: Critical Reviews for Research and Teaching, Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 439:
text: Male berdache have been documented in nearly 150 North American societies, while female berdache (females who take on the lifeways of males) appear in half as many groups.
ref: 2005, Michael J Horswell, Decolonizing the Sodomite, University of Texas, published 2006, page 20:
topics: anthropology
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: Among Native Americans, a person who identifies with any of a variety of gender identities which are not exclusively those of their biological sex; a transgender person.
Derived terms: berdachism
Related terms: transgender
two-spirit
hermaphrodite
cretonne
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cretonnes
Etymology: From French cretonne.
Senses: examples: text: Mrs. Strickland had moved with the times. Gone were the Morris papers and gone the severe cretonnes, gone were the Arundel prints that had adorned the walls of her drawing-room in Ashley Gardens; […]
ref: 1919, W. Somerset Maugham, “chapter 58”, in The Moon and Sixpence:
text: She noted with tenderness all the makeshifts: the darned chair-arms, the patent rocker covered with sleazy cretonne, the pasted strips of paper mending the birch-bark napkin-rings labeled "Papa" and "Mama."
ref: 1920, Sinclair Lewis, chapter 12, in Main Street:
glosses: A strong, heavy fabric of cotton, linen or rayon, used to make curtains and upholstery.
tetraploidy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tetraploidies
Etymology: From tetraploid + -y.
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The state of being tetraploid, having four sets of chromosomes.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: An instance of being tetraploid.
Related terms: ploidy
inappropriately
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more inappropriately
form: most inappropriately
Etymology: From inappropriate + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: behave inappropriately
text: inappropriately dressed
text: inappropriately titled
glosses: in an inappropriate manner
shyer
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: shier
Senses: glosses: comparative form of shy: more shy
shyer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shyers
form: shier
Senses: glosses: A horse that shies.
mint jelly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mint jellies
Senses: glosses: A sauce made from mint leaves, sugar, lemon juice and pectin; sometimes served to accompany roast lamb.
Related terms: mint sauce
kapu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kapu
form: kapus
Etymology: From Hawaiian kapu, from Proto-Polynesian *tapu, from Proto-Oceanic *tabu, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *tambu. Doublet of taboo.
Senses: examples: text: The operation of taboos – or kapu – kept society ordered, quite cruelly on occasion.
ref: 2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 43:
glosses: Taboo, especially in Hawaiian contexts.
earnt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɜːnt/
ipa: /ˈɝnt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nt
Forms: form: earned
Etymology: From earn + -t.
Senses: examples: text: An exceptionally popular commercial writer can even become rich from royalties: immediately prior to the release of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, J. K. Rowling was reported by The Times to have earnt some £280 million from the sale of an estimated 200 million copies of her books worldwide combined with royalties from the films based on them [...].
ref: 2005, Andrew Milner, Literature, Culture and Society:
text: In 2006 women in the mining sector earnt an average weekly wage of $1335.40, compared to women working in the retail trade sector, who earnt an average $726.10 per week.
ref: 2010, Aileen Cater-Steel, Women in Engineering, Science and Technology:
glosses: simple past and past participle of earn
Derived terms: unearnt
end of
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛnd ˈɒv/
Senses: examples: text: End of, stop sulking / Get out, you're walkin' / Too bad, I've spoken / But when I look at you you're forgiven
ref: 1997, “Drop Dead Gorgeous”, performed by Republica:
text: ‘I came round here to try and help you.’
‘But no one in here is looking for your help, Keisha! This is it! I ain't looking for you, end of.’
ref: 2012, Zadie Smith, NW, London: Penguin Books, published 2013, →ISBN, page 261:
text: Boris Johnson, never one to fuss about detail, does not realise that without a deal there will be no implementation period. No withdrawal agreement means just that—no agreement. Just out. End of. But as both contenders now consider no deal a serious option, we need to be 100% honest about the implications[.]
ref: 2019 July 3, Baroness Smith of Basildon,, “Brexit: Appointment of Joint Committee”, in parliamentary debates (House of Lords), volume 798, column 1445:
text: But if you search up a list of news stories on the subject over the years you find, as with the climate crisis, an overwhelming consensus: alcohol is really quite bad for you, end of.
ref: 2023 June 14, Adrian Chiles, “Drinking alcohol is bad for you – end of. Ignore the headlines that claim otherwise”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Ellipsis of end of story.
diphosphopyridine nucleotide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: diphosphopyridine nucleotides
form: DPN
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
coenzyme I
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
codehydrogenase I
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
triphosphopyridine nucleotide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: triphosphopyridine nucleotides
form: TPN
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide
brak
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more brak
form: most brak
Senses: examples: text: Brak soils, which continue to be a subject of research, are unlikely to provide a major stumbling block […] However, brak conditions and their effects underline many of the principles of good soil management[…]
ref: 1995, Bill Sheat, Gerald Schofield, Complete Gardening in Southern Africa, page 437:
glosses: Brackish.
brak
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: braks
Senses: glosses: A dog of mixed breed; a mongrel.
coenzyme II
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide
codehydrogenase II
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide
numerals
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of numeral
nicotine alkaloid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nicotine alkaloids
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: any of a range of related alkaloids found in various species of the genus Nicotiana, especially Nicotiana tabacum which is cultivated for the manufacture of cigarettes
Related terms: anabasine
anatabine
cotinine
nicotine
nornicotine
estimable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛstɪməbəl/
Forms: form: more estimable
form: most estimable
Etymology: From Middle English estimable, estymable, from Old French estimable, from Latin aestimābilis. Equivalent to esteem + -able and estimate + -able.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: esteemed, revered
text: [Homer] allows their characters such estimable qualities as could consist, and in truth generally do, with tender frailties.
ref: 1715–1720, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book VI”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, footnote:
text: Mr. March told […]how devoted Brooke had been, and how he was altogether a most estimable and upright young man.
ref: 1868–1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, Little Women: […], (please specify |part=1 or 2), Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC:
synonyms: reverend#Adjective
glosses: Worthy of esteem; admirable.
examples: text: A pound of man's flesh taken from a man
Is not so estimable, profitable neither,
As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats.
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: Valuable.
examples: text: After this time boric acid is always present in estimable amounts.
ref: 1928, Louis Kahlenberg, Norbert Barwasser, “On the time of Absorption and Excretion of Boric Acid in Man”, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, volume 79, number 2, page 406:
text: In this section we review the recent theory that generates an estimable Phillips curve relation.
ref: 1999, Jordi Galí, Mark Gertler, “Inflation dynamics: A structural econometric analysis”, in Journal of Monetary Economics, volume 44, page 198:
glosses: Capable of being estimated; estimatable.
Derived terms: estimableness
estimably
inestimable
unestimable
crep
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɛp/
rhymes: -ɛp
Forms: form: creps
Etymology: From Jamaican Creole crep.
Senses: examples: text: The others hollered. “He's sicked up all over his creps!” Chips exclaimed.
ref: 2013, Mark Dawson, The Cleaner, page 7:
text: He skulked, like his creps was made out of lead. His skin, normally like polished bronze, was drained flat, as if he'd been bleached. When I smiled and said hello to him, Husayn looked at me from fifty miles away.
ref: 2011, Chyna Chyna, FAM: Rolling in a London Girl Gang:
glosses: trainer (sports shoe)
Althing
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈɔːl.θɪŋ/
Forms: form: Allthing
Etymology: Borrowed from Icelandic Alþingi, from Old Norse alþingi, from allr (“all”) + þing (“Thing”). Compare Thing, thing.
Senses: glosses: The national parliament of Iceland.
glosses: An autonomous assembly, for example, as advocated in the Shetland Movement.
thickener
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: thickeners
Etymology: From thicken + -er.
Senses: examples: text: This is a new twist, a plot thickener.
ref: 1991, Pat Pattison, Songwriting: Essential Guide to Lyric Form and Structure:
glosses: That which thickens.
glosses: Any substance added to something in order to thicken it; a thickening agent; a binder.