malus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪ.ləs/
ipa: /ˈmɑː.ləs/
ipa: /ˈmæ.ləs/
Forms: form: maluses
form: mali
Etymology: From Latin malus, by analogy with bonus (“additional compensation”). Doublet of mal.
Senses: examples: text: When bank fired the loan originator, they recovered the last two years of her bonuses under the malus clause in her contract.
text: The existence of boni and mali for the different risks can be interpreted through the sign of estimated covariances.
ref: c. 1997, ASTIN Bulletin, page 48:
text: If the boni and mali do not depend on the frequency of claims, the average bonus-malus coefficient increases with the frequency.
ref: 2000, Jean Pinquet, “Experience Rating through Heterogeneous Models”, in Georges Dionne, editor, Handbook of Insurance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 462:
text: Bidders with inferior quality, higher transport costs or additional switching costs receive a Malus which decreases their bid automatically to incorporate the disadvantages. Bonus Malus Auctions are used by about 50% of all companies.
ref: 2008, Henner Gimpel, Nicolas R. Jennings, Gregory E. Kersten, Axel Ockenfels, Christof Weinhardt, Negotiation, Auctions, and Market Engineering: International Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, November 12-17, 2006, Revised Selected Papers, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 62:
text: Akramkhanov et al. (2010) also suggested a system of boni and mali on taxes to support the implementation of measures to achieve both water saving and salinity control (Table 3.3.1).
ref: 2014, Akmal Akramkhanov, Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan, “Effective management of soil salinity – revising leaching norms”, in John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Inna Rudenko, Paul L. G. Vlek, editors, Restructuring Land Allocation, Water Use and Agricultural Value Chains: Technologies, Policies and Practices for the Lower Amudarya Region, V & R unipress, Bonn University Press, →ISBN, page 131:
text: If both the estimated payment- and checking-rate is not above a threshold in a district, the contracted party will receive a malus for that district, and no bonus for any other district.
ref: 2016, David Aveiro, Robert Pergl, Duarte Gouveia, Advances in Enterprise Engineering X: 6th Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2016, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, May 30-June 3 2016, Proceedings, Springer, →ISBN, page 26:
topics: business
glosses: The loss or return of performance-related compensation originally paid by an employer to an employee as a result of the discovery of a defect in the performance.
examples: text: The driver game has a game screen with less number of properties and representations (see Fig. 3(a)). […] If the user completes a level within the allocated time, then the user gets a bonus and will be advanced to another level[,] and if user is unable to complete a level, then a malus is provided and the user gets retained in the same level.
ref: 2016, Rosa Bottino, Johan Jeuring, Remco C. Veltkamp, Games and Learning Alliance: 5th International Conference, GALA 2016, Utrecht, The Netherlands, December 5–7, 2016, Proceedings, Springer, →ISBN, page 305:
glosses: A penalty or negative thing.
Synonyms: clawback
Coordinate terms: disgorgement
Related terms: mal
malum
malus genius