cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
jammies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒæm.iːz/
rhymes: -æmiːz
note: trap–bath split; UK, New Zealand
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɑːm.iːz/
rhymes: -æmiːz
rhymes: -ɑːmiːz
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒæm.iːz/
rhymes: -æmiːz
Forms: form: jammy
Senses: examples: text: GUY: I've always worn jammies. Don't think I'd feel right without 'em.
 SAM [Tosses pajamas to Guy L.]: Then you wear them.
ref: 1961, Patricia McLaine, Love Is Contagious, Dramatists Play Service, Inc., →ISBN, page 48:
text: I was just in my pajamas and slippers, and I blushed because she was looking at me. Then she whispered, "Take off your jammies, and love me up good, Arlene. Please, I want you to."
ref: 2009, Arlene Gorey, My Spanking Diary, page 28:
text: Took her a sec to come to the door; but she did, eventually. In jammies. Like she'd stayed in, couldn't sleep, and got hungry.
ref: 2022, Sean Thor Conroe, Fuccboi, Hachette, →ISBN:
glosses: Clipping of pyjamas.
Derived terms: Jesus jammies
co-operates
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: cooperates
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of co-operate
co-operating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: cooperating
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of co-operate
sparkling wine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sparkling wines
Senses: antonyms: still wine
glosses: Any wine that is effervescent because of dissolved carbon dioxide; either because of fermentation in bottle or by physical carbonation.
Related terms: sparkling water
Cava
champagne
crémant
frizzante
Perlwein
spritzig
spumante
co-operated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: cooperated
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of cooperate
cooperates
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: co-operates
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of cooperate
cooperating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: co-operating
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of cooperate
cooperated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: co-operated
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of cooperate
spumante
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spumantes
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian spumante.
Senses: glosses: Any of several Italian sparkling wines, some of which are made using the méthode champenoise.
alcoholize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: alcoholizes
form: alcoholizing
form: alcoholized
form: alcoholized
Etymology: From alcohol + -ize.
Senses: glosses: To convert into alcohol by fermentation, or to increase the concentration of alcohol by rectification
glosses: To infuse or saturate with an alcoholic spirit
glosses: To subject to the influence of alcohol
glosses: To reduce to a fine powder
Derived terms: alcoholizable
dealcoholize
cooperator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cooperators
form: co-operator
form: coöperator
Etymology: From co- + operator.
Senses: glosses: One who cooperates; an associate.
Derived terms: coopetitor
noncooperator
cooperators
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cooperator
alcoholized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of alcoholize
alcoholized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more alcoholized
form: most alcoholized
Senses: glosses: saturated, infused or under the influence of alcohol
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: rectified
glosses: reduced to a fine powder
Derived terms: unalcoholized
cafetoriums
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cafetorium
cafetoria
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cafetorium
pull the fire alarm
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: pulls the fire alarm
form: pulling the fire alarm
form: pulled the fire alarm
form: pulled the fire alarm
Senses: glosses: To cause the fire alarm to go off, by pulling the lever on the fire alarm pull station.
no-account
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more no-account
form: most no-account
form: no-count
Senses: examples: text: "There are ten or fifteen hound-dogs around the yard, and they are actually too no-account to scratch the fleas off."
ref: 1898, Joel Chandler Harris, Tales of the Home Folks in Peace and War, page 48:
text: "Well, I'm sorry to have had to be the one to give you the bad news," he says.
What bad news would that be? I'm wondering. That's just one more no-account Carter for me not to have to think on.
ref: 2001, Charles De Lint, The Onion Girl, page 274:
text: You see, corporal, the human race is getting worse all the time. Each year we know less than we did in the preceding. We're more no-account now than we were five hundred years ago.
ref: 2004, John Horne Burns, Paul Fussell, The Gallery, page 124:
glosses: Of no value or merit; good-for-nothing; of no account.
nobleness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnoʊ.b(ə)l.nəs/
ipa: [ˈnoʊ.bl̩.nəs]
Forms: form: noblenesses
Etymology: From noble + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality or state of being noble; nobility or grandeur.
Derived terms: unnobleness
noblewoman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: noblewomen
Etymology: From noble + -woman.
Senses: examples: text: The King [...] sit at the head of the royal table with his elder warriors and advisers, noblemen and noblewomen.
ref: 2019, Marlon James, Black Leopard, Red Wolf, Hamish Hamilton, page 377:
glosses: A woman having a noble rank, especially one belonging to the peerage; a Lady.
nocturnally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From nocturnal + -ly.
Senses: synonyms: at night
antonyms: diurnally
glosses: During the night.
examples: text: Owls usually hunt nocturnally.
antonyms: diurnally
glosses: Habitually during the night; every night at night.
Related terms: nocturnal
no-fault
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: no fault
Senses: topics: law
glosses: In which a claimant is compensated for actual economic loss without blame being assigned to a particular party.
raw_tags: of vehicle insurance
topics: law
glosses: In which neither party is assigned blame.
raw_tags: of a divorce or an eviction
Related terms: faultless
no-good
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: no good
Senses: glosses: Having no value, use or merit.
no-good
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: no-goods
form: no good
Senses: glosses: A worthless or useless person.
Synonyms: good-for-nothing
know-nothing
Related terms: no-good ass
noiselessness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From noiseless + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: She had established a character for humility, discretion, noiselessness and religion which Mrs. Piper greatly regretted losing.
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 193:
glosses: The quality or state of being noiseless; quiet or hush; silence.
noisiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: noisinesses
Etymology: From noisy + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality or state of being noisy.
no-load
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Sold directly to a customer without a sales commission.
raw_tags: of a financial instrument
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Not supplying power; open-circuited.
no-load
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: no-loads
Senses: topics: business
finance
glosses: A financial instrument that is sold directly to a customer without a sales commission.
no-man's-land
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of no man's land.
notability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌnoʊ.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/
ipa: [ˌnoʊ.ɾəˈbɪl.ə.ɾi]
Forms: form: notabilities
Etymology: From notable + -ity; alternatively, may be analyzed as note + -ability.
Senses: synonyms: noteworthiness
glosses: The quality or state of being notable or eminent.
examples: text: Lesser notabilities have indeed utilized and built upon the opportunities created for filling in the gaps within the socioeconomic and political maps of the popular community.
ref: 2012, Mohamed Fahmy Menza, Patronage Politics in Egypt: The National Democratic Party and Muslim Brotherhood in Cairo:
glosses: A notable or eminent person or thing.
examples: text: Just as the notability lived in its own social universe between the common citizenry and the aristocracy, so too did its intellectual universe express this complex mediation.
ref: 2002, Jonathan B. Knudsen, Justus Möser and the German Enlightenment, →ISBN, page 54:
text: Such petitions were part of the role of the notability as understood at the time; a manifestation of their social hegemony was the obligation to speak for or represent the local community to the imperial center.
ref: 2014, Keith David Watenpaugh, Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Arab Middle Class, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 104:
glosses: Locally eminent people; the bourgeoisie or upper middle class
qualifier: wiki jargon
glosses: A standard used to determine whether a subject merits its own article.
notarial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /nəʊˈtɛːɹɪəl/
ipa: /noʊˈtɛɹi.əl/
rhymes: -ɛəɹiəl
Etymology: From Middle English notariall; equivalent to notary + -al.
Senses: examples: text: There were outspoken attacks on the free field in law from 1797 onwards, and lawyers were reintroduced in 1800, as was a state system of notarial certification in 1803.
ref: 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 551:
glosses: Pertaining to a notary or notaries.
glosses: Written or executed by a notary.
Derived terms: notarially
notarization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: notarizations
form: notarisation
Etymology: From notarize + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The act or process of notarizing.
glosses: Something notarized.
notepaper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: notepapers
form: note-paper
Etymology: From note + paper.
Senses: examples: text: I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me. I look upon notoriety with the same indifference as on the buttons on a man's shirt-front, or the crest on his note-paper.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
text: An indulgent playmate, Grannie would lay aside the long scratchy-looking letter she was writing (heavily crossed ‘to save notepaper’) and enter into the delightful pastime of ‘a chicken from Mr Whiteley's’.
ref: 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part I, London: Collins, →ISBN:
glosses: Relatively small writing paper used for writing notes or letters; often provided with matching envelopes.
noteworthiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From noteworthy + -ness.
Senses: synonyms: notability
glosses: The quality or state of being noteworthy.
notifier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: notifiers
Etymology: From notify + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The e-mail notifier displays a small icon in the notification area when mail is received.
glosses: A person or thing which notifies or provides notification.
no-trump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: no-trumps
form: notrump
form: no trump
Senses: examples: text: Many find it easier to remember 20 for Minors, 30 for Majors and 35 for No Trump.
ref: 1927, Milton Cooper Work, Contract Bridge, page 11:
glosses: A declaration, in bridge and similar games, that a hand is to be played without a trump suit.
Derived terms: no-trumper
noway
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: /ˈnəʊweɪ/
Forms: form: noways
Etymology: From Middle English no way, no wey, no weye, na wai, equivalent to no + way; compare nowise, -wards.
Senses: examples: text: Noway will I go with you.
glosses: In no manner or degree; not at all; nowise; no way.
Synonyms: nowise
no-win
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From no + win.
Senses: examples: text: We're in a no-win situation: if we move, they kill us; if we stay, we starve.
glosses: Bound to end in failure.
Derived terms: no-win situation
Related terms: no win, no fee
no-win situation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: no-win situations
Senses: glosses: Any situation that is certain to end in failure or in which any favourable outcome is impossible.
Synonyms: catch-22
Kobayashi Maru
Related terms: heads I win, tails you lose
lose-lose
nubby
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /nʌbi/
Forms: form: nubbier
form: nubbiest
Etymology: From nub + -y. Compare knobby.
Senses: examples: text: noil A type of silk, sometimes incorrectly called raw silk, with a nubby feel and a low sheen.
ref: 2007, Marie Clayton, The Ultimate A to Z Companion to 1,001 Needlecraft Terms:
glosses: Knobbly; covered with small knobs.
examples: text: Now we are sitting in a circle and each is given a stenographer's pad, the kind with the spring spine, and a nubby pencil, a pencil of quarter size so it can't be used as a weapon [...]
ref: 2010, John Leigh Walters, A Very Capable Life: The Autobiography of Zarah Petri, page 170:
glosses: Nub-like, resembling a small bump or protrusion; stubby.
Derived terms: nubbiness
nucleate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more nucleate
form: most nucleate
Senses: glosses: Having a nucleus; nucleated
nucleate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: nucleates
form: nucleating
form: nucleated
form: nucleated
Senses: examples: text: Lasker was the center of this collective, its nucleating force, its queen bee.
ref: 2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 113:
glosses: To form (into) a nucleus, or to act as a nucleus.
nucleate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nucleates
Senses: glosses: Any salt of a nucleic acid.
Derived terms: anucleate
binucleate
denucleate
denucleated
dinucleating
micronucleate
mononucleate
multinucleate
nucleation
nucleator
paranucleate
plurinucleate
polymorphonucleate
polynucleate
quadrinucleate
renucleate
renucleation
tetranucleate
tetranucleating
trinucleate
trinucleating
uninucleate
nucleated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of nucleate
Derived terms: nucleated glass
nucleated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Having a nucleus or nuclei.
qualifier: Geography
glosses: Having a centre; clustered (as opposed to e.g. dispersed).
Derived terms: anucleated
binucleated
centronucleated
exonucleated
micronucleated
mononucleated
multinucleated
nonnucleated
plurinucleated
polynucleated
quadrinucleated
tetranucleated
trinucleated
uninucleated
unnucleated
nurseryman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnəːs(ə)ɹɪmən/
Forms: form: nurserymen
Etymology: From nursery + man.
Senses: examples: text: More and more I am coming to the conviction that in the north the orchard-grower will do better to be his own nurseryman—that is, to grow his own trees from the ground up.
ref: 1890 January 8, T. H. Hoskins, edited by Charles S. Sargent, Garden and Forest: A Journal of Horticulture, Landscape Art and Forestry, volume III, number 2, New York: The Garden and Forest Publishing Co., page 19:
text: [H]e said he was a nurseryman and gave his address as "Leawood Nursery, Glen Osmond".
ref: 1974 October 24, Ronald Parsons, “Part I: The Village”, in Hindmarsh Town: A History of The Village, District Council and Corporate Town of Hindmarsh South Australia, page 13:
text: Jim is a nurseryman, specialising in clematis, and he has built up a business exporting 150 varieties to countries all over the world.
ref: 1980, Robert Dougall, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 379:
glosses: A person who rears and sells plants in a nursery.
nursling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nurslings
form: nurseling
Etymology: From nurse + -ling.
Senses: glosses: A young child or animal being nursed.
nurturer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nurturers
Etymology: From nurture + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Right then a ball is thwacked into Ari’s window leaving a spider web of cracks. Then the nurturer of grassroots street cricket runs out into the street, screaming, and confiscates the ball.
ref: 2011, Shehan Karunatilaka, Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew, Jonathan Cape, pages 194-195:
glosses: A person who nurtures someone or something.
nutmeat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nutmeats
Etymology: From nut + meat.
Senses: glosses: The edible portion of a nut.
nutpick
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nutpicks
form: nut pick
Etymology: From nut + pick.
Senses: glosses: A sharp tool used for digging the edible portion out of a nut.
Related terms: nutcracker
nutpick
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: nutpicks
form: nutpicking
form: nutpicked
form: nutpicked
Etymology: Blend of nut + nitpick; see nut (“crazy person”). Coined by a commenter in 2006 and popularized by Kevin Drum.
Senses: examples: text: Nutpicking has gotten easy over the last few years–just check out the Twitter feeds of Teanderthal Members of Congress.
ref: 2014 January 29, mistermix, “Notes from Last Night’s Putsch”, in Balloon Juice:
text: The blog-era term "nutpicking", which refers to cherry-picking the worst or nuttiest comments to disparage a larger group ("liberals", "conservatives", "feminists") by falsely implying the views are widely-held within the group, needs to be revived. It's very common on Twitter.
ref: [2018 April 23, Nate Silver, Twitter:
text: If there’s a right-wing analog to the Media Matters machine, it often comes in the ongoing effort to “nutpick” radical professors, highlight their most ridiculous (and often years-old) comments, and try to drive them out of their jobs.
ref: 2019 March 18, David French, “There’s a Fake Outrage Machine on the Right, Also”, in National Review:
glosses: To cherry-pick poor representatives of a viewpoint (i.e., from Internet postings) in order to disparage it.
nutritionally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From nutritional + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Concerning nutrition.
Derived terms: supranutritionally
nutritionist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nutritionists
form: nutritionalist
Etymology: From nutrition + -ist (“person”).
Senses: glosses: An expert or specialist in nutrition.
Related terms: nutritionism
nutritiously
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more nutritiously
form: most nutritiously
Etymology: From nutritious + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a way that provides nutrition.
Synonyms: nourishingly
nutritiousness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From nutritious + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: I'm convinced that the nut's very nutritiousness is to blame for the dish's poor reputation. They're so dense that a loaf made primarily from nuts would be more suitable for slicing into energy bars and selling to mountaineering supply shops - hence the main bulk of a nut roast is generally some form of carbohydrate, intended to lighten the load.
ref: 2011 December 15, Felicity Cloake, “How to cook the perfect nut roast”, in Guardian:
glosses: nourishment
nutritive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnjuːtɹətɪv/
Forms: form: more nutritive
form: most nutritive
Etymology: From Middle French nutritif, from Late Latin nūtritīvus, from the participle stem of Latin nūtriō (“I suckle”).
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to nutrition.
examples: text: The juice of the ripe grape is a nutritive and agreeable food, consisting chiefly of sugar and mucilage.
ref: 1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 110:
text: The percentage of nutritive elements contained in the parsnip is very small; so small, indeed, that one pound of parsnips affords hardly one fifth of an ounce of nitrogenous or muscle-forming material.
ref: 1892, Ella Eaton Kellogg, “Vegetables”, in Science in the Kitchen: A Scientific Treatise on Food Substances and Their Dietetic Properties, Together with a Practical Explanation of the Principles of Healthful Cookery, and a Large Number of Original, Palatable, and Wholesome Recipes, Revised edition, Michigan: Health Publishing Company, page 243:
text: D'Argenson reckoned that its consumption held up so well in times of high prices because the poor thought that it had nutritive value.
ref: 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 355:
glosses: Nourishing, providing nutrition.
Synonyms: nutritional
Derived terms: antinutritive
innutritive
isonutritive
nutritively
nutritiveness
unnutritive
nutritive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnjuːtɹətɪv/
Forms: form: nutritives
Etymology: From Middle French nutritif, from Late Latin nūtritīvus, from the participle stem of Latin nūtriō (“I suckle”).
Senses: glosses: A nutrient.
necroses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of necrosis
necroses
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of necrose
peaty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpiːtiː/
rhymes: -iːti
homophone: Petey
Forms: form: peatier
form: peatiest
Etymology: From peat + -y.
Slang sense attested circa late 2010s at earliest, often apparently mildly tongue-in-cheek.
Senses: glosses: Of or resembling peat; peatlike.
examples: text: The ten-year-old Ardbeg is traditionally considered the saltiest, peatiest malt on Islay (and that's saying something).
ref: 2004, Matthew Teller, editor, The Rough Guide to Britain, page 1120:
text: Many are eagerly anticipating Bruichladdich's Octomore line—intended to be the peatiest whisky from Islay (with a peating level of 129 phenol ppm in the malt in 2003).
ref: 2009, Jason Kawall, “17: Whisky and the Wild: On Preserving Methods and Distilleries”, in Fritz Allhoff, Marcus P. Adams, editors, Whiskey and Philosophy: A Small Batch of Spirited Ideas, page 277:
text: After dinner, Ned revealed that he had snuck aboard a bottle of Ardbeg Uigeadail, one of the smokiest, peatiest, single malt Scotches this side of Edinburgh; a spirit “as deep and mysterious as the loch that gives it its name" and one that smacks of distilled pine tar.
ref: 2014, John E. Conway, Buckrammer's Tales: The Continuing Catboat Summers Adventures, page 43:
glosses: Of whisky, having a complex smoky flavour imparted by compounds released by peat fires used to dry the malted barley.
examples: text: The hillside at this point is composed of shaly rock overlaid with a peaty loam which carries a growth of heather, and its unstable condition has resulted in two landslides in the course of the railway's history.
ref: 1943 March and April, “A British Avalanche Shelter”, in Railway Magazine, page 80:
text: The Drumochter Hills are a breeding haunt of dotterel, ptarmigan occur at high density, and where the ground is peatier, especially east of the Pass, golden plover and dunlin breed in company with these other birds at around 900 m.
ref: 1977, Derek A. Ratcliffe, editor, A Nature Conservation Review, volume 2, page 270:
text: The Palmer Drought Severity Index for Minnesota, our peatiest state, shows a tendency for wetter, not drier conditions.
ref: 2004, Patrick J. Michaels, Meltdown, published 2005, page 177:
text: Ben Feskineth lay undiscovered in deepest, peatiest Perthshire.
ref: 2013, Ronald Turnbull, Walking Highland Perthshire, page 11:
glosses: Containing peat.
glosses: Related to the dietary advice, research and data of Dr. Ray Peat (especially foods with high natural sugar content and lack of refined seed oils, or activities and habits claimed to boost metabolism, lifespan, inter alia).
Derived terms: peatily
peatiness
peaty monster
Related terms: peat
peat bog
peatman
peat moss
salmonberry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: salmonberries
Etymology: From salmon + berry, since they were traditionally eaten with salmon by indigenous peoples.
Senses: glosses: A bush, Rubus spectabilis, found on the Pacific coast of North America.
glosses: The fruit from this bush, similar in appearance and texture to the blackberry and raspberry.
toolkit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtulˌkɪt/
Forms: form: toolkits
form: tool kit
Etymology: From tool + kit.
Senses: examples: text: The culture of Ice Age humanity expresses a steady growth in the complexity of the tool kit, and a steady growth in complexity of artistic development.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 119:
glosses: A set of tools kept together, especially comprising all the tools suitable for some particular type of work.
examples: text: My hope is that this book will familiarize readers with tools for analyzing historical and contemporary mechanisms of social differentiation, ethnoracial division, and symbolic structural inequality. My belief is that boundary theory offers the very best tool kit for this kind of work.
ref: 2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 7:
text: Anthony Lambert's review of the Cycle-Rail toolkit was, to this non-cyclist, of interest - particularly the recognition of tourism support and opportunities.
ref: 2023 December 13, “Open Access: Access for cyclists and tourists... opportunities for the railway”, in RAIL, number 998, page 63:
text: Prior to the Great Recession, active management of the long-bond portfolio was not a major feature of most central banks' toolkits, Japan being one notable exception.
ref: 2023, Eric Sims, Jing Cynthia Wu, and Ji Zhang, The Four-Equation New Keynesian Model, The Review of Economics and Statistics 105(4), pp. 931--947
glosses: A set of personal abilities, skills, or resources to draw on.
examples: text: Morgan Computing Co.'s Disk Toolkit is the perfect program for speed demons who want a more flexible way to wield DEBUG's power.
ref: 1986, PC Mag, volume 5, number 17, page 221:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A set of software tools or components.
topics: government
politics
glosses: A set of guidelines or instructions.
topics: government
politics
glosses: A set of instructions that is used to organize a protest.
Related terms: devkit
toolbox
toolset
Groundhog Day
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Groundhog's Day
Senses: examples: text: The prominence of the groundhog as a popular figure in the country lore of the Eastern States is shown by his having been given a place with the Saints on the calendar, February 2 being widely known as "Groundhog Day." It is claimed that on this date the groundhog wakes from his long winter sleep and appears at the mouth of his burrow to look about and survey the weather. If the sun shines so that he can see his shadow, bad weather is indicated and he retires to resume his sleep for another six weeks. Otherwise, the winter is broken and mild weather is predicted. Even on the outskirts of Washington some of the countrymen still appraise the character of the coming spring by the weather on "Groundhog Day."
ref: 1918 May, Edward W. Nelson, “Smaller Mammals of North America”, in National Geographic, volume XXXIII, number 5, page 434:
glosses: An annual festival held in Canada and the USA on February 2 in which the arrival time of the spring season is predicted by whether or not a certain groundhog can see its shadow.
Groundhog Day
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Groundhog Days
Etymology: From the title of the film Groundhog Day (1993), in which a man is forced to live out the same day over and over in a time loop.
Senses: examples: text: Jackson, working on production this summer, sounded very much as if he were missing the trilogy already: "Each movie has a very different tone, feel and structure so I've never really felt like I've been trapped in a Groundhog Day for seven years working on one project."
ref: 2003, Angie Errigo, The Rough Guide to the Lord of the Rings, Rough Guides, →ISBN, page 137:
text: Every time I go out I gotta keep my cool and watch my step / It's Groundhog Day when I wake up / 'Cause I find I'm next to you in bed
ref: 2006, “Are We Friends Or Lovers?”, in Tired of Hanging Around, performed by The Zutons:
text: She'd spend ages buying and wrapping presents and never got bored with it like Aunt Maddie did. Aunt M said doing Christmas cards year after year made her feel like she was trapped in a groundhog day.
ref: 2011, Cathy Hopkins, Million Dollar Mates: Paparazzi Princess, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:
text: Mario, somewhat infamously, is stuck in a Groundhog Day of perpetually having to rescue the princess from Bowser. Even when the plot is new, the story stays old: Mario stops the big bad and saves the girl.
ref: 2011, Jeff Ryan, Super Mario: How Nintendo Conquered America, Penguin, →ISBN:
text: I went on maternity leave in May 2022, […] More than a year later, and it feels like I'm in Groundhog Day. Nothing has changed. We're still arguing about the same issues, just with a diminished spirit and less sense of optimism. Sadly, I'm not surprised.
ref: 2023 July 26, Stefanie Foster, “Comment: Rebuild trust or it's game over”, in RAIL, number 988, page 3:
synonyms: time loop
glosses: A situation in which events appear to be repeating themselves in a cyclical fashion.
Groundhog Day
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: Groundhog Days
form: Groundhog Daying
form: Groundhog Dayed
form: Groundhog Dayed
Etymology: From the title of the film Groundhog Day (1993), in which a man is forced to live out the same day over and over in a time loop.
Senses: examples: text: When Dis told her about groundhog daying, named after the old movie, she'd underestimated the way the experience would play out for her, going through the same conversations over again, trying different gambits but ending up in the same[…]
ref: 2017 April 25, Cory Doctorow, Walkaway, Head of Zeus Ltd, →ISBN:
glosses: To live out a situation in which events appear to be repeating themselves in a cyclical fashion.
weigh station
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: way station
Forms: form: weigh stations
Senses: glosses: A place on the highway where trucks stop to get weighed.
Synonyms: weighbridge
TV guide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: TV guides
Senses: glosses: A book, magazine or website that lists the television schedule.
glosses: An interactive menu-based system displaying the television schedule on the television screen.
Synonyms: sense: interactive system
word: EPG
sense: interactive system
word: program guide
sense: interactive system
word: programme guide
papadum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: papadums
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of poppadom.
poppodom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: poppodoms
Senses: glosses: Rare spelling of poppadom.
pappadum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pappadums
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of poppadom.
popadum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: popadums
Senses: glosses: Uncommon spelling of poppadom.
popodom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: popodoms
Senses: glosses: Rare spelling of poppadom.
pappadam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pappadams
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of poppadom.
gâteaux
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of gâteau
marteau
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: marteaux
Senses: examples: text: A wreath of wild roses, without foliage, crosses the top of the head in front and under the roll of the first marteau;
ref: 1886 April 1, “Fashionable Coiffures, and the Care of the Hair”, in Myra's threepenny (mid-monthly) journal (and childrens bazaar)., page 120:
text: An easy mode of dressing the hair for powder is to part it across the head from ear to ear, turning the front over a high cusion, making the back into a long, loose chignon, with a few marteaux or rolled curls behind the cushion. Sometimes the roll in front is replaced by a series of marteaux placed diagonally .
ref: 1891, R. Barry Blackburn, Art, Society, and Accomplishments, page 162:
text: Swathes: Made from two marteaux, sewn end to end. They are used for encircling the head.
ref: 2003, Penny Delamar, The Complete Make-up Artist, page 163:
text: Long hanging ringlets were popular and were made using switches, pin curls and marteaux (postiche hair pieces).
ref: 2012, Patricia Baker, Wigs and Make-up for Theatre, TV and Film, page 211:
glosses: A postiche curl.
griffe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹɪf/
homophone: griff
rhymes: -ɪf
Forms: form: griffes
Etymology: From French griffe (“claw”).
Senses: examples: text: The primary use of this is to give the column a broader base and to diminish the amount of the cutting away of the solid stone. The griffe, however, is often used for elaborate ornamentation, being carved into vegetable or even animal form.
ref: 2013, Russell Sturgis, Francis A. Davis, Sturgis' Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture and Building: An Unabridged Reprint of the 1901-2 Edition, Courier Corporation, →ISBN, page 323:
glosses: A claw-like ornament at the base of a column.
griffe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹɪf/
homophone: griff
rhymes: -ɪf
Forms: form: griffes
form: grif
Etymology: From Cajun French (in period American English usage) and from general French griffe (in reference to such people in e.g. Haiti), perhaps from (American) Spanish grifo (supposedly "curly-haired").
Senses: examples: text: Saint-Domingue's complex system of racial classification allowed for no fewer than eight “mixed” racial parental combinations that could produce a griffe, as infamously calculated by Moreau.
ref: 2017, Terry Rey, The Priest and the Prophetess: Abbé Ouvière, Romaine Rivière, and the Revolutionary Atlantic World, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:
glosses: A person of mixed (black and white) race, especially the offspring of a mulatto (person of mixed black and white ancestry) and a person of fully black ancestry.
Coordinate terms: sense: person of mixed race
word: list in mulatto
jonquille
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jonquilles
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of jonquil.
paysage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: paysages
Etymology: From French paysage.
Senses: topics: art
arts
glosses: A landscape.
foolery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfuːləɹi/
Forms: form: fooleries
Etymology: From Middle English foleri, ffollery, equivalent to fool + -ery.
Senses: examples: text: So from that tyme forwarde I began to ſmell the word of god, and forſoke the ſchole doctors and ſuch foolries.
ref: 1552, Hughe Latymer [i.e., Hugh Latimer], Augustine Bernher, compiler, “[The First Sermon]”, in Certayn Godly Sermons, Made uppon the Lords Prayer, […], London: […] John Day, […], published 1562, →OCLC, folio 5, verso:
text: Foolery, sir, does walk about the orb like the sun, it shines every where.
ref: c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
text: A wantonneſſe in wealth, methinks I agree not with, / Tis ſuch a trouble to be married too, / And have a thouſand things of great importance, / Jewells and plates, and fooleries moleſt mee, / To have a mans brains whimſied with his wealth: […]
ref: 1624 (first performance), John Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife. A Comoedy. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Leonard Lichfield […], published 1640, →OCLC, Act II, scene [ii], page 16:
text: Tradesmen and clerks, with fashionable novel-reading families, and circulating-library-subscribing daughters, get up small assemblies in humble imitation of Almack’s, and promenade the dingy ‘large room’ of some second-rate hotel with as much complacency as the enviable few who are privileged to exhibit their magnificence in that exclusive haunt of fashion and foolery.
ref: 1836, “Boz” [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Sketches by “Boz,” Illustrative of Every-day Life, and Every-day People. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Macrone, […], →OCLC, chapter IX:
text: Though you think, maybe, young men can do their fill of foolery and there is none to blame them.
ref: 1910, John Millington Synge, “Deirdre of the Sorrows”, in Plays by John M. Synge, London: George Allen & Unwin, act I, page 319:
text: He […] hurried off to the Centre, took part in the solemn foolery of a 'discussion group' […]
ref: 1949 June 8, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 2, in Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; republished [Australia]: Project Gutenberg of Australia, August 2001, part 1, page 1:
glosses: Foolish behaviour or speech.
Synonyms: foolishness
Derived terms: April foolery
tomfoolery
incidence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/
homophone: incidents (some accents)
Forms: form: incidences
Etymology: From Middle French incidence, from Medieval Latin incidentia (“a falling upon”), from Latin incidens, present participle of incidere (“to fall upon”), from in (“on”) + cadere (“to fall”).
Senses: glosses: The act of something happening; occurrence.
glosses: The extent or the relative frequency of something happening.
glosses: The manner of falling; bearing or onus, as of a tax that falls unequally.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The striking of radiation or a projectile upon a surface.
topics: epidemiology
medicine
sciences
coordinate_terms: prevalence
glosses: A measure of the rate of new occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: The falling of a point on a line, or a line on a plane.
topics: graph-theory
mathematics
sciences
glosses: The relation between an edge of a graph and one of the vertices it connects.
Derived terms: angle of incidence
incidence algebra
incidence axiom
incidence function
incidence geometry
incidence graph
incidence matrix
nonincidence
seroincidence
interprete
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of interpret.
illumined
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From illumine + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: And when the long-illumined cities flame, / Their ever-loyal iron leader's fame, / With honour, honour, honour, honour to him, / Eternal honour to his name.
ref: 1852, Alfred Tennyson, “Stanza X”, in Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 14:
glosses: Illuminated.
Derived terms: unillumined
illumined
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From illumine + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of illumine
venturing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of venture
Derived terms: joint venturing
venturing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: venturings
Senses: glosses: The act of one who ventures.
subjugation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsʌbd͡ʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌsʌbd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: subjugations
Etymology: From New Latin subiugātiō, from Latin subiugō (“to subjugate”). By surface analysis, subjugate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act of subjugating.
examples: text: Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?
ref: 2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 05 Sep 2015, page 164:
glosses: The state of being subjugated; forced control by others.
Synonyms: conquest
Related terms: subjugate
stunted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: The plant's growth was stunted because it was placed in a closet.
glosses: simple past and past participle of stunt
stunted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more stunted
form: most stunted
Senses: examples: text: A poor diet leads to stunted growth.
text: Here lay a desolate valley—a shallow, narrow valley dotted with stunted trees and covered with many great bowlders.
ref: 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 160:
glosses: Prevented from growing or developing fully and hence shorter and stockier that usual.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Of a person: shorter than usual for one's age.
Related terms: topics: medicine
sciences
word: wasted
stop up
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: stops up
form: stopping up
form: stopped up
form: stopped up
Senses: examples: text: So then we […] scratched around and found an old tin washpan, and stopped up the holes as well as we could.
ref: 1885, Mark Twain, chapter 37, in Huckleberry Finn:
coordinate_terms: plug up
stop off
glosses: To fill a hole or cavity, or block (an opening or passage), as with a plug.
topics: law
coordinate_terms: block off
close off
glosses: To permanently close or block (a road or path); to legally extinguish a right of way.
examples: text: To stop down means to narrow the aperture; to stop up or open up means to expand it.
ref: 2002, Kathleen Tracy, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Portrait Photography, →ISBN, page 18:
topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: To increase the aperture of a photographic lens, moving from an f/stop represented by a higher number to an f/stop represented by a lower number and causing more light to pass into the camera.
sterility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sterilities
Etymology: From sterile + -ity, from Middle French stérilité, from Latin sterilitas.
Senses: glosses: The state or quality of being sterile.
Synonyms: sterileness
Derived terms: self-sterility
slumbers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of slumber
slumbers
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of slumber
shuts
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃʌts/
rhymes: -ʌts
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of shut
shuts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃʌts/
rhymes: -ʌts
Senses: glosses: plural of shut
shamed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃeɪmd/
rhymes: -eɪmd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of shame
shamed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃeɪmd/
rhymes: -eɪmd
Senses: examples: text: Syed Hassan, withdrawn, presented only his shamed back to the household, playing the radio, fingering the knobs like a rosary of penitence.
ref: 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 511:
glosses: That has been shamed.
sauntered
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of saunter
reproachfully
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more reproachfully
form: most reproachfully
Etymology: From reproachful + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: “Won’t you tell me a story, while we are resting?” asked the child. The Scarecrow looked at her reproachfully, and answered, “My life has been so short that I really know nothing whatever. […]
ref: 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, “The Road through the Forest”, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC, page 45:
glosses: In a reproachful manner.
reposed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of repose
reposed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more reposed
form: most reposed
Senses: examples: text: But Repoſed Natures may doe well in Youth.[…]On the other ſide, Heate and Viuacity in Age, is an Excellent Compoſition for Buſineſſe.
ref: 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Youth and Age”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, page 248:
glosses: calm and tranquil; at rest
Derived terms: reposedly
reposedness
Silvio
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Silvios
Etymology: Borrowed from Italian Silvio.
Senses: glosses: A male given name from Italian, equivalent to English Silvius.
glosses: A surname from Italian.
precious stone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: precious stones
Senses: glosses: Any gem, such as a diamond or ruby, that is expensive because of its rarity or desirability; especially one set into a piece of jewelry.
Upton
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌptən/
Forms: form: Uptons
Etymology: From Old English upp (“up”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Senses: glosses: Any of several places in England:
A hamlet in Dinton with Ford and Upton parish, Buckinghamshire (OS grid ref SP7711).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A suburban area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside (OS grid ref SJ2688).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A hamlet in Hurstbourne Tarrant parish, Test Valley district, Hampshire (OS grid ref SU3655).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A settlement in Nursling and Rownhams parish, Test Valley district, Hampshire (OS grid ref SU3717).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A village in Upton with Fishley parish, Broadland district, Norfolk (OS grid ref TG3912).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A village in Headon cum Upton parish, Bassetlaw district, Nottinghamshire (OS grid ref SK7476).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A village and civil parish in Newark and Sherwood district, Nottinghamshire (OS grid ref SK7354).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A village and civil parish in Vale of White Horse district, Oxfordshire (OS grid ref SU5186)
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A hamlet in Burford parish, West Oxfordshire district, Oxfordshire (OS grid ref SP2412).
glosses: Any of several places in England:
A village and civil parish (served by Upton and North Elmsall Parish Council) in the Metropolitan Borough of Wakefield, West Yorkshire (OS grid ref SE4713).
glosses: A locality in Cosheston community, Pembrokeshire, Wales, including Upton Castle (OS grid ref SN0204).
glosses: A village between Cork and Bandon, County Cork, Ireland.
glosses: A municipality in Acton Regional County Municipality, Montérégie region, Quebec, Canada.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Black Township, Posey County, Indiana.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Hardin County and LaRue County, Kentucky.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Oxford County, Maine.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A neighbourhood in western Baltimore, Maryland.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town and census-designated place therein, in Worcester County, Massachusetts.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Texas County, Missouri.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Weston County, Wyoming.
glosses: A habitational surname from Old English.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname.
Derived terms: Headon cum Upton
Ratley and Upton
Upton County
Uptonian
Upton Magna
Upton-on-Severn
Upton Park
Upton Pyne
Upton Scudamore
Upton with Fishley
Waters Upton