cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
valid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvælɪd/
rhymes: -ælɪd
ipa: /ˈvæ.lɪd/
ipa: /ˈveɪ.lɪd/
Forms: form: more valid
form: most valid
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“to be strong, to be healthy, to be worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”).
Senses: examples: text: I will believe him as soon as he offers a valid answer.
text: Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?
ref: 2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 05 Sep 2015, page 164:
glosses: Well grounded or justifiable, pertinent.
examples: text: A valid format for the date is DD/MM/YY.
text: Do not drive without a valid license.
glosses: Acceptable, proper or correct; in accordance with the rules.
glosses: Related to the current topic, or presented within context, relevant.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of a formula or system: such that it evaluates to true regardless of the input values.
examples: text: An argument is valid if and only if the set consisting of both (1) all of its premises and (2) the contradictory of its conclusion is inconsistent.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of an argument: whose conclusion is always true whenever its premises are true.
topics: Christianity
lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: Genuine - as distinguished from efficient or regular - sacrament.
Hyponyms: sense: in logic: argument whose conclusion is always true whenever its premises are all true
word: sound
Derived terms: valid name
valid time
Related terms: validate
validation
validator
validness
all together
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: If you put these advantages all together, the offer is attractive.
glosses: As a group.
examples: text: We got the family all together to celebrate grandma’s birthday.
glosses: In the same place.
examples: text: She and her companions rose up and sung all together.
glosses: All at the same time.
all together
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: examples: text: All together! Say it: "Long live our country!"
synonyms: all together now
glosses: Calling for other people to say something together.
Related terms: all together now
esprise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: esprises
form: esprising
form: esprised
form: esprised
Etymology: From Old French espris, past participle of esprendre.
Senses: glosses: to inflame with passion or romantic love.
lovertine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lovertines
Senses: glosses: Someone addicted to lovemaking (courtship).
virilia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Latin.
Senses: glosses: The male sexual organs.
dichotomous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪˈkɒt.ə.məs/
ipa: /daɪˈkɑ.tə.məs/
ipa: [daɪˈkɑ.ɾə.məs]
ipa: /dɑɪˈkɔt.ə.məs/
ipa: [dɑɪˈkɔɾ.ə.məs]
Etymology: From Late Latin dichotomos, from Ancient Greek διχότομος (dikhótomos, “cut in half”). By surface analysis, dichotomy + -ous.
Senses: examples: text: Genus Riccia L. Plants are thalloid, forming rosettes or loose, dichotomous patches.
ref: 1992, Marie L. Hicks, Guide to the Liverworts of North Carolina, page 197:
text: The second half of the book switches to the increasingly dark story of how, from the 17th century onwards, European thinkers and politicians constructed a more and more dichotomous worldview.
ref: 2023 February 23, Fara Dabhoiwala, “The West by Naoíse Mac Sweeney review – history rediscovered”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Dividing or branching into two mutually exclusive pieces.
Synonyms: sense: dividing into two equal parts
word: bipartite
sense: dividing into two equal parts
word: forked
Derived terms: dichotomous key
dichotomously
dichotomousness
isodichotomous
nondichotomous
pseudodichotomous
subdichotomous
undichotomous
Related terms: dichotomy
troop
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹuːp/
ipa: /tɹup/
rhymes: -uːp
homophone: troupe
Forms: form: troops
form: trooping
form: trooped
form: trooped
Etymology: Attested in English since 1545, from French troupe (back-formation of troupeau, diminutive of Medieval Latin troppus "flock") and Middle French trouppe (from Old French trope (“band, company, troop”)), both of Germanic origin from Frankish *þorp (“assembly, gathering”), from Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“village, land, estate”), from Proto-Indo-European *treb- (“dwelling, settlement”).
Doublet of troupe, and possibly also of thorp, dorp, and trip. Cognate with German Dorf (“village”).
Senses: examples: text: Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops.
glosses: To march on; to go forward in haste.
examples: text: The children trooped into the room.
glosses: To move or march as if in a crowd.
Derived terms: topics: military
war
government
politics
word: troop the colour
surrender
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: note: non-rhotic
ipa: /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/
note: rhotic
ipa: /səˈɹɛndɚ/
rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)
Forms: form: surrenders
form: surrendering
form: surrendered
form: surrendered
form: surrendre
Etymology: Etymology tree
Middle English surrendren
English surrender
From Middle English surrendren, from Old French surrendre, from sur- + rendre (“render”). Displaced native Old English on hand gān.
Senses: synonyms: hand over
betray
overgive
glosses: To give up into the power, control, or possession of another.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: To yield (a town, a fortification, etc.) to an enemy.
examples: text: Don't shoot! I surrender!
synonyms: strike one's flag
wave the white flag
chuck up the sponge
glosses: To give oneself up into the power of another, especially as a prisoner; to submit or give in.
examples: text: to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage
glosses: To give up possession of; to yield; to resign.
examples: text: to surrender oneself to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep
glosses: To yield (oneself) to an influence, emotion, passion, etc.
topics: blackjack
games
glosses: To abandon (one's hand of cards) and recover half of the initial bet.
topics: business
insurance
glosses: For a policyholder, to voluntarily terminate an insurance contract before the end of its term, usually with the expectation of receiving a surrender value.
Synonyms: word: abandon
word: bend
word: capitulate
word: cave in
word: cede
word: deplore
word: fall in line
word: give over
word: give in
word: give up
word: give way
word: knuckle under
word: relinquish
word: submit
word: surrender
word: strike one's flag
word: strike the colors
word: strike the flag
word: throw in the towel
word: throw up one's hands
word: turn in
word: wave the white flag
word: yield
Hypernyms: word: desist
Hyponyms: word: accede
word: eat dirt
word: eat humble pie
Derived terms: surrender at discretion
Related terms: word: obey
word: retreat
word: quit
surrender
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: note: non-rhotic
ipa: /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/
note: rhotic
ipa: /səˈɹɛndɚ/
rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)
Forms: form: surrenders
form: surrendre
Etymology: From Middle English surrendre, from Anglo-Norman surrendre, infinitive as noun. Displaced native Old English handgang.
Senses: glosses: An act of surrendering, submission into the possession of another; abandonment, resignation.
glosses: The yielding or delivery of a possession in response to a demand.
topics: law
property
glosses: The yielding of the leasehold estate by the lessee to the landlord, so that the tenancy for years merges in the reversion and no longer exists.
Synonyms: capitulation
Derived terms: cheese-eating surrender monkey
surrender monkey
unconditional surrender
dasein
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɑː.zʌɪn/
ipa: /dɑ.zaɪn/
Forms: form: Dasein
Etymology: From German Dasein (“there-to be”), from da (“there”) + sein (“to be”).
Senses: examples: text: Hereness (Dasein) might be perhaps be called more expediently, Now-Being (Jetztsein), ...
ref: 1954, Otto Samuel, “The Relationship of Hereness Dasein”, in A Foundation of Ontology: A Critical Analysis of Nicolai Hartmann, Digitized edition (Philosophy), Philosophical Library, published 2008, page 62:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Being; especially the nature of being; existence, presence, hereness, suchness, essence
philosophy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɪˈlɒsəfi/
ipa: /fɪˈlɑsəfi/
note: Indic
ipa: /pʰɪˈlɔsəpʰi/
note: Indic
ipa: /pʰɪlo.sɔpʰi/
Forms: form: philosophies
form: philosophying
form: philosophied
form: philosophied
form: philosophie
form: phylosophie
form: phylosophy
Etymology: From Middle English philosophie, Old French philosophie, and their source, Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). By surface analysis, philo- + -sophy. Displaced Old English ūþwitegung.
Senses: examples: text: Plato hath (in my seeming) loved this manner of Philosophying, Dialogue wise in good earnest, that therby he might more decently place in sundry mouthes the diversity and variation of his owne conceits.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
glosses: To philosophize.
Related terms: ideology
advantageous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒ(i)əs/
note: Indic
ipa: /ədˈvɑɳˌʈedʒ(ɪ)jəs/
rhymes: -eɪdʒəs
Forms: form: more advantageous
form: most advantageous
Etymology: From advantage + -ous or from Middle French avantageus (French avantageux). See advantage.
Senses: examples: text: Jim took up an advantageous position and shepherded them out in a bunch through the doorway: [...]
ref: 1899 September – 1900 July, Joseph Conrad, chapter XXXII, in Lord Jim: A Tale, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1900, →OCLC, page 324:
synonyms: expedient
furthersome
gainful
profitable
useful
glosses: Being of advantage, beneficial.
Derived terms: advantageously
advantageousness
nonadvantageous
unadvantageous
aleatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/
ipa: /ˈæ.lɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/
ipa: /ˈæ.lɪ.ə.tɔ.ɹi/
ipa: /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ə.tɔ.ɹi/
Etymology: From Latin āleātōrius, from āleātor (“dice-player”), from ālea (“a die”).
Senses: examples: text: Soon the snow will close on us; we are here some twenty miles - twenty-seven, they say, but this I profoundly disbelieve - in the woods; communication by letter is slow and (let me be consistent) aleatory; by telegram is as near as may be impossible.
ref: 1887 October 8, Robert Louis Stevenson, letter to Edmund Goose:
text: Malicious Fate, too, they felt, would even crown with the grand prix the number they would have chosen. But for the prospective draw for the wig—which reintroduced the aleatory—life would scarcely have been bearable.
ref: 1910, Israel Zangwill, The Grey Wig:
text: There is no particular reason why even the gregarious Americans should so throng the portals of a perfectly obscure steerage passenger like young Chuzzlewit. There was every reason why they should throng the portals of the author of Pickwick and Oliver Twist. And no doubt they did. If I may be permitted the aleatory image, you bet they did.
ref: 1922, G. K. Chesterton, What I saw in America:
synonyms: random
stochastic
glosses: Depending on the throw of a die; random, arising by chance.
topics: art
arts
entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Produced with an element of chance (aleatoricism).
Derived terms: aleatorily
nonaleatory
Related terms: aleatoric
aleatoricism
algid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ălʹjĭd
ipa: /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪd/
Forms: form: more algid
form: most algid
Etymology: Probably borrowed from Latin algidus (“cold”).
Senses: examples: text: algid malaria
text: 1875 March 15, J. C. Morgan, More on Typho-Malarial Fever, United States Medical Investigator, New Series, Volume 1, No. 6, page 261,
[…] with cold sweat, blueness, stupidity, no heat, no sort of reaction or remission, intense venous congestion in divers organs, getting steadily worse and worse, more and more algid, wet, and stupid, with death in thirty-six hours.
text: The coldest, most algid moments of this savage industrialization, commanded by the Robber Barons (Josephson 1962), were featured in a recent book on the expansionary experience of the railroads, which by 1900, had already built 193,000 miles of track:
ref: 2002, Eduardo Ibarro-Caldo, “Chapter 8: Organizational paradoxes and business ethics: In search of new modes of existence”, in Stewart Clegg, editor, Management and Organization Paradoxes, page 268:
text: Having such a large amount of skin touching the glass (her feet and her rear) while it grew more and more algid was getting to be quite arrestive.
ref: 2013, Troy Theisen, House of Dred, page 194:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature, especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera.
Derived terms: algidity
algidness
alienable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪljənəbəl/
Forms: form: more alienable
form: most alienable
Etymology: From alien + -able.
Senses: examples: text: Land is alienable according to the laws of the state.
glosses: Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another
Derived terms: alienableness
alienably
unalienable
Related terms: alien
alienate
alienation
altruism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/
Forms: form: altruisms
form: altruïsm
Etymology: From French altruisme, which was coined in 1830 by Auguste Comte from autrui (“of or to others”) + -isme, from Old French, from Latin alteri, dative of alter (“other”) (whence also English alter). Apparently inspired by the French Latin legal phrase l'autrui, from le bien, le droit d'autrui (“the good, the right of the other”). Introduced into English by George Henry Lewes in 1853, in his translation Comte’s Philosophy of the Sciences, 1, xxi.
Senses: examples: text: The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
text: Altruism allows doing for others as one would be done by. Unlike reaction formation, which also gives to the object what the self desires, altruism leaves the self at least partly gratified. Unlike reaction formation, altruism tempers asceticism with pleasure. Unlike passive aggression and martyrdom, altruism allows the object to feel blessed and not afflicted. Altruism attracts people to the user; martyrdom repels them even as it holds them close in chains.
ref: 1995, George E. Vaillant, The Wisdom of the Ego, page 68:
synonyms: selflessness
philanthropy
antonyms: egoism
selfishness
misanthropy
glosses: Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.
examples: text: Altruism is a behaviour of an individual that benefits another at its own expense.[…]She decided to investigate what motivates ants to undertake these dangerous missions, where they risk getting trapped themselves or, worse, eaten by predatory antlion larvae, which dig pits and lurk, semi-concealed, at the bottom with their jaws wide open. Such apparently selfless rescue behaviour is seen by many as one of the purest forms of altruism.[…]Being nice to relatives is not pure altruism because they share your genes so, by helping them, you promote your own genetic heritage.
ref: 2013 December 24, Laura Spinney, Goodwill hunting: Random ants of kindness, New Scientist:
topics: biology
human-sciences
natural-sciences
sciences
social-science
sociobiology
synonyms: philanthropy
glosses: Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.
Derived terms: english: one who practises altruism
translation: one who practises altruism
word: altruist
word: altruistic
word: altruize
word: antialtruism
word: biological altruism
word: effective altruism
word: hyperaltruism
word: nonaltruism
word: reciprocal altruism
Related terms: english: spiritual love for others
translation: spiritual love for others
word: agape
word: bell the cat
word: brotherly love
english: hatred of males
translation: hatred of males
word: misandry
english: hatred of females
translation: hatred of females
word: misogyny
word: selflessness
antinomian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æntiˈnoʊmi.ən/
ipa: /æntiˈnoʊmi.ən/
ipa: /æntaɪˈnoʊmi.ən/
Forms: form: antinomians
Etymology: From Medieval Latin Antinomi, from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) + νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”).
Senses: examples: text: "He was called by many persons an antinomian, though his life was exemplary."
ref: 1886, J. H. Thorpe, "John Brine" entry in Dictionary of National Biography:
topics: Christianity
glosses: One who embraces, encourages, or practices antinomianism.
antinomian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /æntiˈnoʊmi.ən/
ipa: /æntiˈnoʊmi.ən/
ipa: /æntaɪˈnoʊmi.ən/
Forms: form: more antinomian
form: most antinomian
Etymology: From Medieval Latin Antinomi, from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) + νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”).
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to antinomianism.
examples: text: We might turn our average into a rule (not a law, since war was antinomian) and develop a habit of never engaging the enemy.
ref: 1922 (date written; published 1926), T[homas] E[dward] Lawrence, “Book III: A Railway Diversion”, in Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company, published 1937, →OCLC, page 194:
text: England was full of half-baked antinomian opinions. Pacifism, internationalism, humanitarianism of all kinds, feminism, free love, divorce-reform, atheism, birth-control—things like these were getting a better hearing than they would get in normal times.
ref: 1937, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 9, in The Road to Wigan Pier, London: Victor Gollancz […]:
text: A carousing zone is a place where the ritualism of generating antinomian excitement prevails and may even be institutionalized.
ref: 2009, Randall Collins, Violence: A Micro-sociological Theory, page 256:
glosses: Rejecting higher moral or legal authority.
Derived terms: antinomianism
antithetical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæntɪˈθɛtɪkəl/
Forms: form: more antithetical
form: most antithetical
Etymology: From Latin antitheticus + -al.
Senses: examples: text: His wrong-headed beliefs are antithetical to everything we stand for as a community.
text: This is precisely why insistence on relative truth is antithetical to critical thinking.
text: Saladin's prophetic namesake, by any account as obviously an antiwarrior as one can imagine, seems at first too antithetical a character for comparison with the anti-Crusader par excellence, and therein lies the hagiographical dynamic at work.
ref: 2020, John Renard, Crossing Confessional Boundaries:
text: Yet as Mr. Altman raised OpenAI’s profile, some board members worried that ChatGPT’s success was antithetical to creating safe A.I., two people familiar with their thinking said.
ref: 2023 December 9, Tripp Mickle, Cade Metz, Mike Isaac, Karen Weise, “Inside OpenAI’s Crisis Over the Future of Artificial Intelligence”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.
Derived terms: antitheticality
antitheticalness
appease
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpiːz/
rhymes: -iːz
Forms: form: appeases
form: appeasing
form: appeased
form: appeased
Etymology: From Middle English apesen, from Old French apeser (“to pacify, bring to peace”).
Senses: examples: text: to appease the tumult of the ocean
text: 'First, a little refreshment to reward my exertions. You may as well be quiet. It is not the first time, or the second, that your veins have appeased my thirst!'
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, chapter 21, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:
text: Former Australian prime minister Tony Abbott has suggested climate change is “probably doing good” in a speech in London in which he likened policies to combat it to “primitive people once killing goats to appease the volcano gods” .
ref: 2017 October 9, Karl Mathiesen, quoting Tony Abbott, “Tony Abbott says climate change is 'probably doing good'”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
text: It's been slowly hacked back, amid fears of escalating costs, by politicians who have also increased those costs by adding expensive structures such as tunnels to appease opponents.
ref: 2024 October 30, Philip Haigh, “Poor planning and lack of clarity damages rail projects”, in RAIL, number 1021, page 50:
synonyms: calm
pacify
placate
quell
quiet
still
lull
glosses: To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to dispel (anger or hatred).
examples: text: They appeased the angry gods with burnt offerings.
synonyms: mollify
propitiate
glosses: To come to terms with; to adapt to the demands of.
Derived terms: appeasable
appeasatory
appeasee
appeaseless
appeasement
appeasenik
appeaser
appeasingly
appeasive
reappease
unappeased
apperception
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæpəˈsɛpʃən/
ipa: /ˌæpɚˈsɛpʃən/
Forms: form: apperceptions
Etymology: Borrowed from French aperception (New Latin apperceptiō, used by Gottfried Leibnitz (1646–1716)).
Senses: topics: Kantianism
human-sciences
philosophy
psychology
sciences
glosses: The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself.
examples: text: Conception is... the simplest act of thinking; it is the apprehension of the universal, as perception is the apperception of the particular.
ref: 1887, John Dewey, Psychology:
text: For as she smiled I was gifted a glimpse past the apperception of an anonymous spherical quantity of human flesh; and into the individual.
ref: 2009, Adam Roberts, Yellow Blue Tibia:
glosses: Psychological or mental perception; recognition.
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: The general process or a particular act of mental assimilation of new experience into the totality of one's past experience.
Related terms: apperceive
apperceptive
appraise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹeɪz/
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: appraises
form: appraising
form: appraised
form: appraised
form: apprize
Etymology: From Middle English apreisen, from Old French aprisier (“apraise, set a price on”) (compare modern French apprécier), from Late Latin appretiare, from ad- + Latin pretium (“price, value”) (English precious), from which also appreciate, a doublet.
Senses: examples: text: to appraise goods and chattels
synonyms: word: apprise
word: apprize
glosses: To determine the value or worth of (something), particularly as a person appointed for this purpose.
glosses: To consider comprehensively.
examples: text: At the end of the contract, you will be appraised by your line manager.
glosses: To judge the performance of someone, especially a worker.
glosses: To estimate; to conjecture.
glosses: To praise; to commend.
Derived terms: appraisability
appraisable
appraisal
appraisee
appraisement
appraiser
appraisingly
appraisive
misappraise
overappraise
preappraised
reappraise
unappraised
underappraise
Related terms: appreciate
precious
appraise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpɹeɪz/
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: appraises
form: appraising
form: appraised
form: appraised
form: apprize
Etymology: Form of apprise in use since 1706 but considered incorrect by some.
Senses: glosses: To apprise, inform.
arbiter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɚ/
ipa: [ˈɑɹ.bɪ.ɾɚ]
ipa: /ˈaː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: arbiters
Etymology: From Middle English arbiter, arbytour, arbitre, from Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter (“a witness, judge, literally one who goes to see”).
Senses: examples: text: In order to protect individual liberty there must be an arbiter between the governing powers and the governed.
ref: 1931, William Bennett Munro, The government of the United States, national, state, and local, page 495:
glosses: A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them; an arbitrator.
examples: text: Television and film, not Vogue and similar magazines, are the arbiters of fashion.
text: The grapholect of Standard English is not the exclusive system that arbiters of cultural purity wish to 'correct' us into believing
ref: 1993, Gajendra K. Verma, Inequality and teacher education: an international perspective, page 188:
text: The dreadnought is the ultimate arbiter of space warfare; millions of tons of metal, ceramic, and polymer dedicated to the projection of firepower against an enemy vessel of like ability. No sane commander would face a dreadnought with anything less than another dreadnought.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Starships: Dreadnought Codex entry:
glosses: A person or object having the power of judging, determining, or ordaining; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A component in circuitry that allocates scarce resources.
Derived terms: superarbiter
Related terms: arbitrable
arbitrage
arbitral
arbitrary
arbitrate
arbitration
arbitrator
arbitress
arbiter
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɚ/
ipa: [ˈɑɹ.bɪ.ɾɚ]
ipa: /ˈaː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: arbiters
form: arbitering
form: arbitered
form: arbitered
Etymology: From Middle English arbiter, arbytour, arbitre, from Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter (“a witness, judge, literally one who goes to see”).
Senses: examples: text: Worse, since there was no institution to arbiter disagreements between Parliament and the government, whenever Parliament voted against the government on the smallest issues, coalitions fragmented, and governments had to be recomposed.
ref: 2003, Jean-Benoit Nadeau, Julie Barlow, Sixty Million Frenchmen Can't be Wrong: Why We Love France But Not the French, page 116:
glosses: To act as an arbiter.
areal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɛɹiəl/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɛəɹɪəl/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈɛəɹiəl/
homophone: aerial
homophone: Ariel
homophone: Arial
rhymes: -ɛəɹiəl
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin āreālis; by surface analysis, area + -al. Cognate with English areolar. False cognates include English arena, adrenal, anear.
Senses: examples: text: areal flood warning
text: areal interstices
translation: the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves
english: the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves
text: Areal density is often used as a technology growth-rate indicator for the hard disk drive industry. Areal density is defined as the product of the linear bits per inch (bpil, measured along the length of the tracks around the disk, multiplied by the number of tracks per inch (tpi), measured radially on the disk (see Figure 9.1).
ref: 2004, Scott Mueller, Upgrading and Repairing Laptops, page 307:
text: It should be clear then, that BMD^([Bone Mineral Density]) measurements with DXA^([Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry]) are two-dimensional or areal measurements, whereas BMD measurements with QCT^([Quantitative Computed Tomography]) are three-dimensional or volumetric. Because DXA measurements are areal, bone size can affect the apparent BMD.
ref: 2009, Sydney Lou Bonnick, Bone Densitometry in Clinical Practice: Application and Interpretation, page 157:
text: The areal sweep efficiency E_A is defined as the fraction of the total flood pattern that is contacted by the displacing fluid.
ref: 2010, Tarek Ahmed, Reservoir Engineering Handbook, page 985:
glosses: Of or pertaining to an area.
Coordinate terms: lineal
linear
spacial
spatial
Derived terms: areally
biareal
equiareal
interareal
subareal
triareal
Related terms: area
focal
focused
local
locoregional
regional
arrogance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/
ipa: /ˈæɹ.oʊ.ɡəns/
Forms: form: arrogances
form: arrogaunce
Etymology: From Middle English arrogaunce, from Middle French arrogance, from Latin arrogantia.
Senses: antonyms: servility
glosses: The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another.
Synonyms: word: bluster
word: cockiness
word: conceit
word: disdain
word: douchebaggery
word: egotism
word: grandiosity
word: haughtiness
word: hauteur
word: wind
word: hubris
word: lordliness
word: narcissism
word: ostentation
word: overbearance
word: pomposity
word: presumption
word: pretention
word: pride
word: self-assumption
word: self-importance
word: self-love
word: self-pride
word: snobbery
word: swagger
word: vanity
word: vainglory
Related terms: word: arrogancy
word: arrogant
word: arrogate
word: arrogation
word: braggart
word: cheeky
asexual
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪˈsɛk.ʃuː.əl/
ipa: /eɪˈsɛk.sjuː.əl/
ipa: /eɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/
rhymes: -ɛkʃuːəl
Etymology: From a- (“lacking, without”) + -sexual.
Senses: examples: text: The central paradox of Linton's writing was her inability, or unwillingness, to imagine an asexual friendship between women.
ref: 2004, Martha Vicinus, Intimate Friends: women who loved women, 1778-1928, page 150:
coordinate_terms: platonic
glosses: Nonsexual in nature, unmarked by sexual activity.
examples: text: Many asexual people experience attraction, but feel no need to act out that attraction sexually. Because they don't see a lack of sexual arousal as a problem to be corrected, asexual people focus their energy on enjoying other types of arousal and pleasure.
ref: 2010, Jerrold S. Greenberg, Clint E. Bruess, Sarah C. Conklin, Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality, fourth edition, pages 357-358:
text: Benoit is determined to ensure other asexual (or “ace”) people don’t feel broken or alone in a world in which lust and desire pulsate through our entire culture.
ref: 2021 March 21, Jamie Waters, “‘I don’t want sex with anyone’: the growing asexuality movement”, in The Observer:
synonyms: word: ace
word: asexy
word: a-spec
glosses: Not experiencing sexual attraction; lacking interest in or desire for sex.
raw_tags: of a person
topics: biology
natural-sciences
synonyms: epicene
glosses: Lacking distinct sex, lacking sexual organs.
examples: text: asexual reproduction
text: They traced the ancient lineages of two species to reveal the insects' lengthy history of asexual reproduction.
ref: 2011 July 19, Ella Davies, “Stick insects survive one million years without sex”, in BBC:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Without sexual action; reproducing by some other method than sex.
Derived terms: ace
asexual division
asexualise
asexualism
asexualist
asexuality
asexualization
asexualize
asexually
asexual reproduction
asexual spore
asexy
bi-asexual
gray asexual
asexual
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪˈsɛk.ʃuː.əl/
ipa: /eɪˈsɛk.sjuː.əl/
ipa: /eɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/
rhymes: -ɛkʃuːəl
Forms: form: asexuals
Etymology: From a- (“lacking, without”) + -sexual.
Senses: examples: text: 11.2 Demonstrating the Status of Long-Lived Asexuals
… Indeed, if sex has so many advantages, then which special adaptations - if any - allow long-term survival without it? However, the main task of the research teams dealing with such putative ancient asexuals has thus far been to demonstrate that their respective groups (mainly bdelloids, darwinulids and certain lineages within orbatid mites) indeed merit the status.
ref: 2009, Isa Schön, Giampaolo Rossetti, Koen Martens, Darwinulid Ostracods: Ancient Asexual Scandals or Scandalous Gossip?, published as Chapter 11 of Lost Sex: The Evolutionary Biology of Parthenogenesis, Isa Schön, Koen Martens, Peter van Dijk (editors), page 221
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: A species which reproduces by asexual rather than sexual reproduction, or a member of such a species.
glosses: A person who does not experience sexual attraction; a person who lacks interest in or desire for sex.
examples: text: […] The masculine forms are used to a considerable extent in congruence with etymologically masculine nouns; also with etymologically feminine asexuals; e.g. se stefn L 9, 36; [...] The neuter forms are used with etymologically neuter nouns; with etymologically masculine asexuals; e.g. þ cyrtil L 6, 29; J 19, 23; þ penning L 20, 24; bēam (Lindelof p. 9) ; stān (Lindelof p. 11); and with etymologically feminine asexuals; e.g. [...]
ref: 1936, The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, volume 35, page 323:
glosses: Something which does not have a sex, or a word which refers to such a thing.
Related terms: fission
gemmation
assault
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɒlt/
ipa: /əˈsɔːlt/
ipa: /əˈsɔlt/
ipa: /əˈsɑlt/
ipa: /əˈsʌlt/
rhymes: -ɔːlt
rhymes: -ɒlt
rhymes: (regional, California) -ʌlt
Forms: form: assaults
form: assaulting
form: assaulted
form: assaulted
Etymology: From Middle English assaut, from Old French noun assaut, derived from the past participle of the verb assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assail. Spelling Latinized around 1530 to add an l.
Senses: examples: text: Tom was accused of assaulting another man outside a nightclub.
text: Loud music assaulted our ears as we entered the building.
glosses: To attack, physically or figuratively; to assail.
glosses: To threaten or harass.
Derived terms: assaultable
assaultee
assaulter
assaultive
microassault
nonassaulted
sexually assault
unassaulted
assert
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɜːt/
ipa: /əˈsɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: asserts
form: asserting
form: asserted
form: asserted
Etymology: From Latin assertus, perfect passive participle of asserō (“declare someone free or a slave by laying hands upon him; hence free from, protect, defend; lay claim to, assert, declare”), from ad (“to”) + serō (“join, range in a row”).
Senses: examples: text: Numerous experimental tests and other observations have been offered in favor of animal mind reading, and although many scientists are skeptical, others assert that humans are not the only species capable of representing what others do and don’t perceive and know.
ref: 2012 March-April, Colin Allen, “Do I See What You See?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 26 Apr 2012, page 168:
text: He would often assert that there was life on other planets.
glosses: To declare with assurance or plainly and strongly; to state positively.
examples: text: to assert one's authority
text: Salman Rushdie has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work.
glosses: To use or exercise and thereby prove the existence of.
examples: to assert our rights and liberties
coordinate_terms: posit#Verb
glosses: To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to.
examples: text: Since going to therapy, I've found it much easier to assert myself.
glosses: To insist on the legitimacy of one's rights, opinion, etc; not to allow oneself to be dismissed; to ensure that one is taken into consideration; to make oneself respected; to be assertive. See assert oneself.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: To declare that a condition or expression must be true at a certain point in the source code (in some cases causing the program to fail if it is not, as a safeguard).
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: To set a signal on a line using a voltage or electric current.
Synonyms: affirm
asseverate
aver
avow
Derived terms: assertability
assertable
asserter
assertive
assertment
assert oneself
assertor
counterassert
misassert
overassert
reassert
unassert
assert
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɜːt/
ipa: /əˈsɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: asserts
Etymology: From Latin assertus, perfect passive participle of asserō (“declare someone free or a slave by laying hands upon him; hence free from, protect, defend; lay claim to, assert, declare”), from ad (“to”) + serō (“join, range in a row”).
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: Synonym of assertion.
synonyms: word: assertion
assertion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsɜːʃən/
ipa: /əˈsɜɹʃən/
ipa: [əˈsɝʃn̩]
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʃən
Forms: form: assertions
Etymology: From Middle French assertion, from Latin assertio.
Senses: glosses: The act of asserting; positive declaration or averment.
examples: text: You're a man of strong assertions!
text: Suppose you are given the semifactual assertion, "even if Nora had liked mathematics then she would have became^([sic]) a scientist" and then you find out that Nora did in fact become a scientist.
ref: 2007 January 26, Ruth M. J. Byrne, The Rational Imagination: How People Create Alternatives to Reality, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 140:
glosses: Something which is asserted; a declaration; a statement asserted.
examples: text: That's just a bare assertion.
text: Drivers' union ASLEF bluntly rebuffed the claim of unofficial action, calling it a lie. And Avanti West Coast was unable to provide any proof for its assertion, when questioned by RAIL.
ref: 2022 August 24, Philip Haigh, “Network News: Union slams Avanti West Coast: 'lie' as services slashed”, in RAIL, number 964, page 6:
glosses: A statement or declaration which lacks support or evidence.
examples: text: the assertion of one's rights or prerogatives
glosses: Maintenance; vindication
examples: text: The user should be absolutely confident that the error issued is a real design error. In other words, a user should be confident that his assertion code is correct and that the assertion failure is not a false condition.
ref: 2006, Srikanth Vijayaraghavan, Meyyappan Ramanathan, A Practical Guide for SystemVerilog Assertions, page 284:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A statement in a program asserting a condition expected to be true at a particular point, used in debugging.
topics: business
finance
glosses: the set of information that the statement preparer is providing in a financial statement audit.
Synonyms: accusation
allegation
censure
charge
crimination
impeachment
Derived terms: assertional
assertionless
counterassertion
deassertion
nonassertion
overassertion
reassertion
self-assertion
unassertion
Related terms: assertoric
assiege
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsiːd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -iːdʒ
Forms: form: assieges
Etymology: From Old French asegier (“besiege”) (Modern French assiéger); equivalent to a- + siege.
Senses: glosses: A siege.
assiege
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsiːd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -iːdʒ
Forms: form: assieges
form: assieging
form: assieged
form: assieged
Etymology: From Old French asegier (“besiege”) (Modern French assiéger); equivalent to a- + siege.
Senses: examples: text: On th'other side, th'assieged Castles ward,
 Their stedfast stonds did mightily maintaine […]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: To besiege.
assumption
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/
rhymes: -ʌmpʃən
Forms: form: assumptions
Etymology: From Middle English assumpcioun, from Medieval Latin assumptio (“a taking up (into heaven)”) and Latin assumptio (“a taking up, adoption, the minor proposition of a syllogism”). Doublet of assumptio; see assume.
Senses: examples: text: His assumption of secretarial duties was timely.
glosses: The act of assuming, or taking to or upon oneself; the act of taking up or adopting.
examples: text: Their assumption of his guilt disqualified them from jury duty.
glosses: The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; a supposition; an unwarrantable claim.
examples: text: No doubt a finite evaluative argument must make some unargued evaluative assumptions, just as finite factual arguments must make some unargued factual assumptions.
ref: 1976, “The Journal of Aesthetic Education, Volume 10”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
glosses: The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.
examples: text: Of vvhat texte thou proveſt hell / vvill a nother prove purgatory / a nother lymbo patrum / and a nother the aſſumpcion of oure ladi: And a nother ſhall prove of the ſame texte that an Ape hath a tayle.
ref: 1528 October 12 (Gregorian calendar), William Tyndale, “William Tyndale other wise Called William Hychins vnto the Reader”, in The Obediẽce of a Christen Man […], [Antwerp]: [Johannes Hoochstraten], →OCLC, folio xix, recto:
glosses: The taking of a person up into heaven.
glosses: A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven, celebrated on 15 August.
glosses: Assumptio.
Derived terms: assumption of risk
Assumption Parish
deed of assumption
heroic assumption
misassumption
non-assumption
nonassumption
preassumption
reassumption
self-assumption
subassumption
Related terms: assume
assumptive
asthenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɛnɪk
Forms: form: more asthenic
form: most asthenic
Etymology: From a- + sthenic.
Senses: glosses: Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak; debilitating.
Derived terms: antiasthenic
asthenicity
thrombasthenic
Related terms: asthenia
asthenic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɛnɪk
Forms: form: asthenics
Etymology: From a- + sthenic.
Senses: glosses: A person who has asthenia.
asymmetry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /eɪˈsɪmɪtɹi/
Forms: form: asymmetries
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀσυμμετρία (asummetría), from ἀσύμμετρος (asúmmetros) + -ία (-ía), from ἀ- (a-) + σύμμετρος (súmmetros); equivalent to a- + symmetry.
Senses: examples: text: Despite the generally symmetrical appearance of the two hemispheres, however, a number of biological asymmetries have been documented during the last hundred years.
ref: 1993, Joseph B. Hellige, Hemispheric Asymmetry: What's Right and What's Left, →ISBN, page 114:
text: If the planet is on moderate eccentric orbit (0.01), it creates large-scale azimuthal assymetries which evolve at the orbital velocity of the corresponding resonance, for example at half time the planet velocity for the stronger resonance, the 2:1 one.
ref: 1994, Roger Ferlet, Alfred Vidal-Madjar, Circumstellar Dust Disks and Planet Formation, →ISBN:
text: In this sense, the concern of political economy with assymetries of information among political actors is well-placed.
ref: 1997, American Bar Foundation, ABF Working Paper - Issue 9304; Issue 9426, page 75:
text: Transnational feminists argue that feminists need to understand the material conditions that shape women's lives in diverse locations, particularly in a world "structured by transnational economic links and cultural assymetries" (Grewal and Kaplan, 3).
ref: 2014, Amal Amireh, Lisa Suhair Majaj, Going Global: The Transnational Reception of Third World Women Writers, →ISBN:
glosses: Absence of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing, or a distinction that produces such a lack of symmetry.
glosses: The lack of a common measure between two objects or quantities; incommensurability.
Derived terms: asymmetrization
magnetoasymmetry
pseudoasymmetry
avow
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈvaʊ/
rhymes: -aʊ
Forms: form: avows
form: avowing
form: avowed
form: avowed
Etymology: From Middle English avowen, from Old French avouer, from Latin advocare (“to call to, call upon, hence to call as a witness, defender, patron, or advocate”), from ad (“to”) + vocare (“to call”). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and advocate. Not related to vow.
Senses: examples: text: […] in 1786, and for some period later, there were few, if any, prominent Americans, who avowed themselves in favor of broadly democratic systems.
ref: 1858, Henry Stephens Randall, The Life of Thomas Jefferson, volume 1, page 461:
glosses: To declare openly and boldly, as something believed to be right; to own, acknowledge or confess frankly.
examples: text: No man may halewe and avowe the firste gendrid thingis that perteynen to the Lord, whether it is oxe, whether scheep, tho ben the Lordis part.
ref: c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume I, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Leviticus 27:26, page 362, column 2:
english: No man may hollow and avow the firstborn that pertains to the Lord, whether it be an ox or sheep, they are the Lord's portion.
translation: No man may hollow and avow the firstborn that pertains to the Lord, whether it be an ox or sheep, they are the Lord's portion.
bold_translation_offsets: 22
26
synonyms: word: consecrate
word: dedicate
word: hallow
word: sanctify
word: avow
word: behallow
word: bless
word: canonize
word: consecrate
word: dedicate
word: hallow
word: inaugurate
word: martyr
word: sacralize
word: saint
word: sanctify
glosses: To bind or devote by a vow.
examples: text: avow himself the accomplice of his crimes
ref: 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:
topics: law
glosses: To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See avowry.
Related terms: advocate
avowable
avowably
avowal
avowance
avowed
avowedly
avower
reavow
unavowable
unavowed
avow
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈvaʊ/
rhymes: -aʊ
Etymology: From Middle English avowen, from Old French avouer, from Latin advocare (“to call to, call upon, hence to call as a witness, defender, patron, or advocate”), from ad (“to”) + vocare (“to call”). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and advocate. Not related to vow.
Senses: examples: text: without thy Knowledge and Avow
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The Twelfth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: avowal
backer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækɚ/
rhymes: -ækɚ
Forms: form: backers
Etymology: From back + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs an entrant in a contest, or who supports an enterprise by funding it.
Derived terms: backerboard
backer-up
backer
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækɚ/
rhymes: -ækɚ
Senses: examples: text: /eɪ/ This diphthong is a glide from mid front tongue position toward a higher, backer position similar to that of /ɪ/.
ref: 2005, Martin J. Ball, Nicole Müller, Phonetics for Communication Disorders, page 174:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
glosses: comparative form of back: more back