cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
apposite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæp.ə.zɪt/
ipa: /əˈpɒz.ɪt/
ipa: /ˈæp.ə.zɪt/
ipa: /əˈpɑ.zɪt/
ipa: /ˈæp.ə.zɪt/
Forms: form: apposites
Etymology: From Latin appositus, past participle of adponere, from ad- + ponere (“to put, place”). See apposition.
Senses: examples: text: Hugh gave the boy apples or other small apposites[…], but the child was too interested in the bishop to notice the gifts.
ref: 1901, Charles L. Marson, Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln:
glosses: That which is apposite; something suitable.
Related terms: opposite
hundredweight
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hundredweight
form: hundredweights
form: cwt.
Etymology: 16th century, from hundred + weight.
Senses: glosses: A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as
A unit of measurement containing 100 avoirdupois pounds (about 45.4 kg).
examples: text: The hundredweight of 112 avoirdupois lbs. becomes general in the period before me, and is employed for the commoner kinds of materials.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume IV, page 209:
glosses: A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as
A unit of measurement containing 112 avoirdupois pounds (eight stone or about 50.8 kg).
glosses: A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as
Synonym of quintal, a unit of measurement containing various amounts depending on the objects weighed.
synonyms: word: quintal
extra: a unit of measurement containing various amounts depending on the objects weighed
glosses: A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as
Various units of ancient measurement systems consisting of 100 units usually translated as "pounds".
Synonyms: sense: 100 lb. avoirdupois
word: short hundredweight
sense: 100 lb. avoirdupois
word: centner
sense: 100 lb. avoirdupois
word: cental
sense: 100 lb. avoirdupois
word: quintal
sense: 112 lb. avoirdupois
word: long hundredweight
sense: 112 lb. avoirdupois
word: imperial hundredweight
sense: historical units
word: centenary
Related terms: bushel
crannock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: crannocks
Etymology: Possibly Welsh.
Senses: examples: text: Cran'nock (s.) An ancient measure of corn.
ref: 1795, John Ash, The New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd edition, volume 1:
text: In Ireland the crannock is used instead of the quarter. It is, however, plainly identical with it, being divided into the same number of bushels and pecks.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 167:
glosses: An old Irish measure of corn equivalent to the quarter. The crannock of oats appears to contain two quarters, as sometimes occurs with its English equivalent.
trugg
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹʌɡ/
Forms: form: truggs
form: trugg
Senses: examples: text: The sum on one estate in the year 1371 is divided into 12 trugg; the double sum of 24 trugg being employed for measuring oats.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 168:
glosses: An old English measure of corn, perhaps equal to ¹⁄₁₂ of a quarter.
coomb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kuːm/
rhymes: -uːm
Forms: form: coombs
form: comb
Etymology: From Middle English *comb, *cumb (> Scots cumb, coom (“tub, cistern”)), from Old English cumb (“a vessel; a liquid measure”), from Proto-Germanic *kumbaz (“bowl, vessel”). Compare German Kumpf (“bowl”).
Alternatively, perhaps from Latin cumba (“boat, tomb of stone”), from Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “hollow of a vessel, cup, boat”).
Senses: examples: text: It was equal to half a quarter, i.e. is identical with the coomb of the eastern counties.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 168:
text: Two kilderkins, or strikes, make a measure called a barrel, liquid, and a coomb, dry; this last term being ancient and little used.
ref: 1790 July 13, Thomas Jefferson, U.S. Secretary of State, Plan for establishing uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States," report communicated to the House of Representatives:
glosses: An old English measure of corn (e.g., wheat), equal to half a quarter or 4 bushels.
coomb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kuːm/
rhymes: -uːm
Forms: form: coombs
Senses: examples: text: From the centre of each side of this tree-bound square ran avenues east, west, and south into the wide expanse of corn-land and coomb to the distance of a mile or so.
ref: 1896, Thomas Hardy, chapter 4, in The Mayor of Casterbridge:
glosses: Alternative spelling of combe.
mett
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: metts
form: mitta
Senses: examples: text: Once the mitta, or mett, a quantity of two bushels, is used for salt. The name still lingers in Lancashire.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 168:
glosses: An old English measure of volume, perhaps equal to two bushels.
mitta
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mittas
form: mett
Etymology: Perhaps from Proto-West Germanic *metan (“to measure”). Cognate with German Metze.
Senses: examples: text: Once the mitta, or mett, a quantity of two bushels, is used for salt. The name still lingers in Lancashire.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 168:
glosses: An old English measure of volume, perhaps equal to two bushels.
tonto
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tontos
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish tonto (“stupid, foolish; idiot, fool”), of uncertain etymology. Originally in US use but now chiefly British. Cf. earlier Tonto, with which it is sometimes confused.
Senses: examples: text: Even us tontos figured that one out.
ref: 1973, Robert Ludlum, Trevayne, page 153:
glosses: Synonym of idiot: someone who is foolish or stupid.
synonyms: word: idiot
extra: someone who is foolish or stupid
tonto
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more tonto
form: most tonto
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish tonto (“stupid, foolish; idiot, fool”), of uncertain etymology. Originally in US use but now chiefly British. Cf. earlier Tonto, with which it is sometimes confused.
Senses: examples: text: He told the businessmen that the law that required the certification by the President was ‘tonto’.
ref: 1982 Feb. 26, New York Times, A10
text: His two heroes are both ex-FO types and both terminally tonto about cricket.
ref: 1985 Jan. 31, Listener, p. 34
text: Yes, and then I got drunk one night and snogged one of his friends, and he went tonto.
ref: 2011, Gil McNeil, Stand by Your Man, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:
text: AMERICA! The richest prize on the bloody planet. Gone, for want of a few paltry seats on the cross benches. George the bloody Third wasn't just mad, he was completely tonto!
ref: 2014, Ben Elton, Time and Time Again, Random House, →ISBN:
text: Whether you're based in Cyprus or you know we do longer tours in Kenya or Oman or are busy just making it to the brigade at the moment up in Estonia, you know it's going to be a busy army and unfortunately we've got a busy adversary now in Putin. Gone full tonto, I think, as I'd say, and you know that's going to be quite... We've got 1,000 people on standby.
ref: 2021 Feb. 23, Robert Ben L. Wallace, comment at Horse Guards
text: Oi, bruv. He's gone full tonto.
glosses: Synonym of crazy.
synonyms: word: crazy
tonto
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: a traditional Ugandan fermented beverage made from bananas
abogado
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæb.əˈɡɑ.doʊ/
Forms: form: abogados
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish abogado, from Latin advocātus, from advocō (“I call, summon”). Doublet of advocate.
Senses: glosses: Counsel; advisor; councilor; barrister.
fother
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɒðə/
ipa: /ˈfɑðɚ/
Forms: form: fothers
Etymology: From Middle English fother, fothir, from Old Norse fóðr (cognate to Old English fōdor), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (compare Dutch voer (“pasture, fodder”), German Futter (“feed”), Swedish foder). Doublet of fodder and foeder. More at food.
Senses: examples: text: Four fother of clod lime, and fifteen fothers of good manure, on each acre.
ref: 1774-75, Act 14 Geo. III in Brand, Newcastle (1789) I, page 652
text: 20 fothers of additional thickness in clay were thrown in.
ref: 1813, “Misc.”, in Ann. Reg., 507/2:
text: Where the brass hez a' cum fra nebody can tell, / Some says yen thing and some says another - / But whe ever lent Grainger't aw knaw very well, / That they mun have at least had a fother.
ref: 1840, Tyne songster, The Tyne songster, a choice selection of songs in the Newcastle dialect, page 211:
text: Now measured by the old hundred, that is, 108 lbs. the charrus contains nearly 19½ hundreds, that is it corresponds to the fodder, or fother, of modern times.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 168:
glosses: A load, a wagonload, especially any various English units of weight or volume based upon standardized cartloads of certain commodities.
examples: text: He ripp'd the womb up of his mother, / Dame Tellus, 'cause he wanted fother, / And provender, wherewith to feed / Himself and his less cruel steed.
ref: 1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part 1, canto 2:
glosses: Alternative form of fodder, food for animals.
Synonyms: cartload
load
Hyponyms: load
fother
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɒðə/
ipa: /ˈfɑðɚ/
Forms: form: fothers
form: fothering
form: fothered
form: fothered
Etymology: From Middle English fother, fothir, from Old Norse fóðr (cognate to Old English fōdor), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (compare Dutch voer (“pasture, fodder”), German Futter (“feed”), Swedish foder). Doublet of fodder and foeder. More at food.
Senses: glosses: To feed animals (with fother).
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To stop a leak with oakum or old rope (often by drawing a sail under the hull).
charrus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: charruses
Senses: examples: text: Another element of weight is the charrus, carecta, or plaustrata of lead. This quantity contained thrity fontinelli, fotmael, pedes, or pigs. Each pes contained five petrae of fourteen pounds each, and therefore the pes was 70 avoirdupois pounds and the charrus 2100 lbs.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 168:
glosses: Alternative form of carrus.
clove
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kləʊv/
ipa: /kloʊv/
rhymes: -əʊv
Forms: form: cloves
Etymology: From Middle English clove, an alteration of earlier clowe, borrowed from the first component of Old French clou (de girofle) (modern French clou de girofle), from Latin clāvus (“nail”) for its shape. Also see clāva (“knotty branch, club”). Doublet of clou and clavus.
Senses: glosses: A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.
glosses: A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.
examples: text: Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6+¹⁄₂ tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. The 'Pathway' points out the etymology of the word cloves; it calls them ' claves or nails.' It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.
ref: 1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volume 27, page 202:
text: By a statute of 9 Hen. VI. it was ordained that the wey of cheese should contain 32 cloves of 7 lbs. each, i.e. 224 lbs., or 2 cwts.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 169:
glosses: An old English measure of weight, containing 7 pounds (3.2 kg), i.e. half a stone.
Derived terms: word: clove camphor
word: cloved
word: clove gilliflower
taxonomic: Dianthus caryophyllus
word: clove gillyflower
word: cloveless
word: clove lilli pilli
taxonomic: Dianthus caryophyllus
word: clove pink
word: cloveroot
word: clovetree
word: clovewort
Related terms: cloy
cloying
clove
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kləʊv/
ipa: /kloʊv/
rhymes: -əʊv
Forms: form: cloves
Etymology: From Middle English clove, from Old English clufu, from Proto-West Germanic *klubu, from Proto-Germanic *klubō, related to clēofan (“to cleave, split”), hence with the verbal etymology hereafter.
Senses: examples: text: clove of garlic, garlic clove, clove of a sea-onion, clove of shallot, cloves of bulbs
topics: agriculture
business
cooking
food
horticulture
lifestyle
glosses: One of the small bulbs formed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.
clove
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kləʊv/
ipa: /kloʊv/
rhymes: -əʊv
Senses: glosses: simple past of cleave
Related terms: clove hitch
clove hook
cloven
clove
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kləʊv/
ipa: /kloʊv/
rhymes: -əʊv
Forms: form: cloves
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch klove (now kloof). Doublet of kloof.
Senses: topics: geography
natural-sciences
glosses: A narrow valley with steep sides, used in areas of North America first settled by the Dutch
tey
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: teys
Etymology: Derived from Middle English teies, teyse, taken as a plural, from Anglo-Norman teice, from Old French teise, toise.
Senses: examples: text: The tey or toise, the modern fathom, is employed as a measure of rope.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 171:
glosses: An English measure of length for rope, perhaps equivalent to the fathom.
dicker
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: note: r
enpr: dĭkə
ipa: /ˈdɪkə(ɹ)/
enpr: dĭkər
ipa: /ˈdɪkɚ/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: dickers
form: dickering
form: dickered
form: dickered
Etymology: From Middle English diker (“measure of ten”), from Late Latin dacra (“a dicker”), from Latin decuria (“a ten of something”), from decem (“ten”).
Senses: examples: text: At Bouira the detachment detrained, and the balance of the journey was made in the saddle. As Tarzan was dickering at Bouira for a mount he caught a brief glimpse of a man in European clothes eying him from the doorway of a native coffeehouse, […]
ref: 1913 June–December, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Dancing Girl of Sidi Aissa”, in The Return of Tarzan, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, […], published March 1915, →OCLC, page 88:
text: In the brilliant sparkle of the morning when everything that was not superlatively blue was superlatively green, I dickered with a man who was taking a party up the inlet that he should drop me off at the village I was headed for.
ref: 1941, Emily Carr, chapter 6, in Klee Wyck:
glosses: To bargain, haggle or negotiate over a sale.
examples: text: Then, the white men who penetrated to those semi-wilds were always ready to "dicker" and to "swap," and to "trade" rifles, and watches, and whatever else they might happen to possess, almost to their wives and children.
ref: 1848, James Fenimore Cooper, chapter 2, in The Oak Openings:
glosses: To barter.
examples: text: They sat in a booth near the door and drank the first cold ones of the evening while watching three impassioned pinballers dickering with flashing, promising, tilting machines.
ref: 1981, Jack Cady, Singleton:
glosses: To fiddle.
Derived terms: dickerer
dicker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: note: r
enpr: dĭkə
ipa: /ˈdɪkə(ɹ)/
enpr: dĭkər
ipa: /ˈdɪkɚ/
rhymes: -ɪkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: dickers
Etymology: From Middle English diker (“measure of ten”), from Late Latin dacra (“a dicker”), from Latin decuria (“a ten of something”), from decem (“ten”).
Senses: examples: text: 1599, attributed to Thomas Heywood, Edward IV, Part One, Act III, Scene 1, https://books.google.ca/books?id=d_MuAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Hobs [the Tanner of Tamsworth]. […] My taking is more than my spending, for here's store left. I have spent but a groat; a penny for my two jades, a penny to the poor, a penny pot of ale, and a penny cake for my man and me, a dicker of cowhides cost me.
text: The dicker, or daker, was ten, and is found, though generally at later times than the period before us, as a measure for hides and gloves.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 171:
glosses: A unit of measure, consisting of 10 of some object, particularly hides and skins.
examples: text: to make a dicker
text: “Grant that the North’s insulted, scorned, betrayed,
O'erreached in bargains with her neighbor made,
When selfish thrift and party held the scales
For peddling dicker, not for honest sales,—
Whom shall we strike? Who most deserves our blame?
ref: 1856, John Greenleaf Whittier, The Panorama:
glosses: A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares.
Synonyms: daker
Derived terms: dicker-rod
daker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dakers
form: dakir
Etymology: See dicker.
Senses: examples: text: The dicker, or daker, was ten, and is found, though generally at later times than the period before us, as a measure for hides and gloves.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 171:
glosses: Alternative form of dicker (“unit of 10 items”).
Related terms: daker-hen
sextary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sextaries
Etymology: From Middle English sextarie, sextary, anglicized from Latin sextārius (“pint”). Doublet of sextarius.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of sextarius, an ancient Roman unit of volume
synonyms: word: sextarius
extra: an ancient Roman unit of volume
examples: text: The sextary seems to have contained 6 gallons, and is also used for cider and wine.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 172:
glosses: An Anglo-Saxon unit of liquid measure, chiefly used for wine and cider.
Coordinate terms: sense: English unit
alt: ⅙ sextary
word: gallon
Related terms: sextus
six
sextary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sextaries
Etymology: For sextonry.
Senses: glosses: A sacristy.
Related terms: sextry
seedlep
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: seedleps
form: seedlip
form: seedlop
Etymology: From seed + Middle English lep.
Senses: examples: text: The seed was cast on the ground from seed-cod or seedlep, the latter word being still used.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 412:
glosses: A basket or other device used for carrying seed while sowing.
Synonyms: seedcod
paya
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A dish from the Indian subcontinent, made from an animal's trotters cooked with herbs and spices.
Pawaka
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A village in Peshawar, Pakistan.
dovecote
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʌvkɒt/
ipa: /ˈdʌvkɑt/
Forms: form: dovecotes
form: dovecot
Etymology: From dove + cote.
Senses: examples: text: If you haue writ your Annales true, 'tis there, / That like an Eagle in a Doue-cote, I / Flutter'd your Volcians in Corioles.
ref: c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi], page 30:
text: she could see the malt-house with its dovecote
ref: 2003, Peter Ackroyd, The Clerkenwell Tales, page 2:
synonyms: word: columbarium
word: doocot
word: dovehouse
word: pigeon loft
glosses: A small house or box, often raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments (pigeonholes), in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house.
glosses: In medieval Europe, a round or square structure of stone or wood, free-standing or built into a tower, in which pigeons were kept.
Derived terms: flutter in the dovecote
flutter the dovecote
Related terms: dove
dovecot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dovecots
Senses: examples: text: In 1430 King's College, Cambridge, sells the pigeon's dung from its dovecot for 2s. 8d., in 1461 for 3s., in 1537 for 4s.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 412:
glosses: Alternative spelling of dovecote.
Mormon
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɔːmən/
ipa: /ˈmɔɹmən/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mən
Etymology: From the title of the chief work of Joseph Smith the Book of Mormon. Followers of his religious movement were called this since the 1830s. The title of the book comes from the name from the prophet who they believe compiled it, called Mormon, father of Moroni, and/or the Waters of Mormon mentioned in it.
Various implausible etymologies have been proposed, usually in attempts to discredit or defend the Mormon faith.
Senses: glosses: In Mormonism, an ancient American prophet who compiled the Book of Mormon.
Derived terms: Mormonism
Mormon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɔːmən/
ipa: /ˈmɔɹmən/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mən
Forms: form: Mormons
Etymology: From the title of the chief work of Joseph Smith the Book of Mormon. Followers of his religious movement were called this since the 1830s. The title of the book comes from the name from the prophet who they believe compiled it, called Mormon, father of Moroni, and/or the Waters of Mormon mentioned in it.
Various implausible etymologies have been proposed, usually in attempts to discredit or defend the Mormon faith.
Senses: examples: text: That year, 1871, had marked a change which had been gradually coming in the lives of the peace-loving Mormons of the border.
ref: 1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 1, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:
synonyms: Latter-day Saint
LDS
glosses: A believer in the Mormon religion, which views Joseph Smith as a prophet of God and holds the Bible and the Book of Mormon as its primary scriptures.
Derived terms: word: exmo
word: Jack Mormon
english: Molly Mormon
translation: Molly Mormon
word: Molly Mormon
Mormon
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɔːmən/
ipa: /ˈmɔɹmən/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mən
Etymology: From the title of the chief work of Joseph Smith the Book of Mormon. Followers of his religious movement were called this since the 1830s. The title of the book comes from the name from the prophet who they believe compiled it, called Mormon, father of Moroni, and/or the Waters of Mormon mentioned in it.
Various implausible etymologies have been proposed, usually in attempts to discredit or defend the Mormon faith.
Senses: glosses: Of, or pertaining to, the faith established by Joseph Smith, Jr.
Derived terms: Mormon cricket
vanga
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: vangas
Etymology: From translingual Vanga.
Senses: glosses: Any of several passerine birds, of the family Vangidae, from Madagascar.
Derived terms: sickle-billed vanga
hurdle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: hûr'dəl
ipa: /ˈhɜːdl̩/
enpr: hûr'dəl
ipa: /ˈhɝd(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)dəl
homophone: hurtle stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: hurdles
form: hurdling
form: hurdled
form: hurdled
Etymology: ]
From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.
Senses: examples: text: He hurdled the bench in his rush to get away.
glosses: To jump over something while running.
glosses: To compete in the track and field events of hurdles (e.g. high hurdles).
glosses: To overcome an obstacle.
examples: text: Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve
In hurdled cotes amid the field secure
ref: 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: To hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles.
examples: text: Kangaroo (KA): as G, but hurdles over any two units to land on the first square beyond the second unit (the two units need not be adjacent). […] Saltador (SA): can move without capturing to the same squares as an S, whenever either of the intermediate squares is occupied (by hurdling); can capture on the same squares as an S whenever either of the intermediate squares is empty.
ref: 2018 July 24, Stephen Emmerson, “A GLOSSARY OF FAIRY CHESS DEFINITIONS”, in BRITISH CHESS PROBLEM SOCIETY, pages 8, 10:
topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: To jump over another piece without capturing it.
raw_tags: of a hopper piece
hurdle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: hûr'dəl
ipa: /ˈhɜːdl̩/
enpr: hûr'dəl
ipa: /ˈhɝd(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)dəl
homophone: hurtle stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: hurdles
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of hurtle.
hurdle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: hûr'dəl
ipa: /ˈhɜːdl̩/
enpr: hûr'dəl
ipa: /ˈhɝd(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)dəl
homophone: hurtle stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: hurdles
form: hurdling
form: hurdled
form: hurdled
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of hurtle.
grope
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəʊp/
ipa: /ɡɹoʊp/
rhymes: -əʊp
Forms: form: gropes
Etymology: From Middle English gropien, from Old English grāpian, related to grīpan (whence English gripe); compare also grip.
Senses: examples: text: The old man tried to get a quick grope of the young lady on the train.
glosses: An act of groping, especially sexually.
examples: text: Gropes appear to be pieces of iron binding together the inner joint of the fitting, and grope-nails to have been used for fastening these to the wood.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 544:
glosses: An iron fitting of a medieval cart wheel.
alar
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈeɪ.lɚ/
ipa: /ˈeɪ.lər/
homophone: ailer
Etymology: From Latin ala (“wing”) + -ar (adjectival suffix).
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: of or relating to the armpit; axillary.
glosses: Having, resembling, or composed of wings or alae.
Derived terms: alar canal
alar chest
alar foramen
alar ligaments
alarplasty
greater alar cartilage
interalar
lesser alar cartilage
postalar
prealar
subalar
strake
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɹeɪk/
rhymes: -eɪk
Forms: form: strakes
form: straking
form: straked
form: straked
Etymology: From Middle English strake, from Old English *straca (> Anglo-Latin straca), from Proto-West Germanic *strakō, from Proto-Germanic *strakaz (“straight”). Akin to Old English streċċan (“to make straight, stretch”).
Senses: glosses: To stretch.
strake
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɹeɪk/
rhymes: -eɪk
Senses: examples: text: Hayle Groome; didst not thou see a bleeding Hind, / Whose right haunch earst my stedfast arrow strake?
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 32:
text: But, when he strake — which came so thick as if every blow would strive to be foremost — his arm seemed still a postillion of death.
ref: a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:
english: The New Arcadia
translation: The New Arcadia
text: But when of Eglantine he spake, / His strings melodiously he strake.
ref: c. 1590-1599, Arthur Gorges, Eglantine of Meryfleur:
glosses: simple past of strike
alar canal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: alar canals
Etymology: alar (possibly because it is just lateral wing-like pterygoid bones) + canal
Senses: glosses: A bony tunnel through the basisphenoid bone of the skull. The maxillary artery and nerve pass through it.
mong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
Forms: form: mongs
Etymology: From Middle English mong, monge, mang, from Old English ġemong, ġemang (“a mixture, mingling, throng, crowd, company”) (whence Modern English among), from Proto-Germanic *mangą (“mix”). Compare Proto-West Germanic *mangijan (“to knead, mix”).
Senses: glosses: A mingling, mixture, or crowd.
glosses: A muddle or confusion.
Derived terms: mongcorn
mong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
rhymes: -ʌŋ
enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
Forms: form: mongs
Etymology: Contraction of mongrel.
Senses: examples: text: Some blue cattle-dogs and a small pack of mongs barked excitedly, and danced round, and wished they knew what to do in such an unheard-of situation; and no doubt dreamed for days after of what they had done to distinguish themselves.
ref: 1965, Brian James, The Big Burn: Short Stories, page 40:
glosses: A mongrel dog.
mong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
rhymes: -ʌŋ
enpr: mŏng
ipa: /mɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
rhymes: -ʌŋ
Forms: form: mongs
Etymology: Contraction of mongoloid.
Senses: glosses: A person with Down's syndrome.
examples: text: Can't you see you don't belong / You're a stupid little fucking mong
ref: 2016 May 5, “Thinking He's Hard (Little T Reply)”, performed by Soph Aspin:
glosses: A stupid person.
Derived terms: monged
mongtard
Related terms: mong out
mong
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
rhymes: -ʌŋ
enpr: mŏng
ipa: /mɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /mʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
rhymes: -ʌŋ
enpr: mŏng
ipa: /mɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
Etymology: Clipping of among.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of 'mong.
mong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭng
ipa: /ˈmʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
rhymes: -ʌŋ
enpr: mŏng
ipa: /mɒŋ/
rhymes: -ɒŋ
ipa: /mʌŋ/
rhymes: -ʌŋ
Etymology: Borrowed from Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (müṅ), Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰ (möeng), Thai เมือง (mʉʉang), Northern Thai ᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, Lü ᦵᦙᦲᧂ (moeng), Tai Dam ꪹꪣꪉ, Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰ (möeng),Shan မိူင်း (móeng), Lao ເມືອງ (mư̄ang) etc.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of mueang.
alar foramen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: alar foramina
form: alar foramens
Etymology: From alar + foramen.
Senses: glosses: The opening at either end of the alar canal, with the rostral alar foramen closer to the nose and the caudal or posterior alar foramen closer to the back of the skull.
clout
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /klaʊt/
ipa: /klaʊt/
note: Canadian raising
ipa: [klʌʊt]
ipa: /klæɔt/
ipa: /klæʊt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: clouts
form: clouting
form: clouted
form: clouted
Etymology: From Middle English clout (“piece of cloth”), from Old English clūt, from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gelewdos, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). The influence sense originated in the dialect of Chicago, but has become widespread.
Cognate with Old Norse klútr (“kerchief”), Swedish klut, Danish klud, Middle High German klōz (“lump”), whence German Kloß, and dialectal Russian глуда (gluda). See also cleat.
Senses: examples: text: The wolde ſome mayſter perhappes clowt ye / But as for me ye nede nat doute ye / For I had leuer be without ye / Then haue ſuche beſyneſſe aboute ye.
ref: [1545?], John Heywood, The Playe Called The Foure PP […], London: […] Wyllyam Myddylton, →OCLC; reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor, The Play Called The Four PP […] (The Tudor Facsimile Texts), London; Edinburgh: […] T. C. & E. C. Jack, […], 1908, →OCLC, signature [E.ii.], verso:
text: A wizard? Him? How could he possibly be? He'd spent his life being clouted by Dudley, and bullied by Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon; if he was really a wizard, why hadn't they been turned into warty toads every time they'd tried to lock him in his cupboard?
ref: 1997, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, New York: Arthur A. Levine Books, published 1998, page 57:
glosses: To hit (someone or something), especially with the fist.
examples: text: Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in mending an old net, and in clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers what diligence they should use in the expedition of matters.
ref: 1549, Hugh Latimer, “[The Second Sermon of Master Hugh Latimer, which He Preached before the King’s Majesty, within His Grace’s Palace at Westminster, the Fifteenth Day of March, 1549.] To the Reader.”, in George Elwes Corrie, editor, Sermons by Hugh Latimer, Sometime Bishop of Worcester, Martyr, 1555 (The Works of Hugh Latimer; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] University Press, published 1844, →OCLC, page 110:
glosses: To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to bandage, patch, or mend with a clout.
glosses: To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot sole.
glosses: To guard with an iron plate, as an axletree.
examples: text: if fond Bavius vent his clouted song
ref: 1633, Phineas Fletcher, The Purple Island:
glosses: To join or patch clumsily.
Derived terms: clouter
clout on
clout
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /klaʊt/
ipa: /klaʊt/
note: Canadian raising
ipa: [klʌʊt]
ipa: /klæɔt/
ipa: /klæʊt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: clouts
form: clouting
form: clouted
form: clouted
Senses: examples: text: He tells us how to butter eggs, boil eels, clout cream, stew capons, how to make a fine cake, an almond pudding and a raspberry conserve, […]
ref: 1948, The Essex Review:
glosses: Dated form of clot.
moga
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of muga (“type of silk”).
moa
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɒʌ/
ipa: /ˈmoə/
ipa: /ˈməʊə/
rhymes: (New Zealand) -oə
rhymes: (UK) -əʊə
Forms: form: moa
form: moas
Etymology: Borrowed from Maori moa, from Proto-Polynesian *moa (“fowl”).
Senses: examples: text: The moas (order Dinornithiformes) of New Zealand are likewise extinct but almost certainly some still survived when Tasman first sighted the islands in 1642.
ref: 2000, Errol Fuller, Extinct Birds, Oxford, page 29:
text: For instance, the little bush moa fed nearly exclusively on forest vegetation, whereas the heavy-footed moa was a grazer in open vegetation habitats.
ref: 2018 April 4, Hanneke Meijer, The Guardian, archived from the original on 04 Apr 2018:
glosses: Any of several species of large, extinct, flightless birds of the family Dinornithidae that were native to New Zealand; until its extinction, one species was the largest bird in the world.
glosses: An extremely tall individual.
Derived terms: broad-billed moa
bush moa
coastal moa
crested moa
eastern moa
giant moa
heavy-footed moa
lesser moa
little bush moa
Mantell's moa
Mappin's moa
moa bed
moalike
moan
moa-nalo
moa stone
North Island giant moa
slender moa
South Island giant moa
stout-legged moa
upland moa
lath
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːθ/
ipa: /læθ/
rhymes: -ɑːθ
rhymes: -æθ
Forms: form: laths
form: lat
form: latt
Etymology: From Middle English laththe, laþþe, earlier lathe, laþe, altered from Old English lætt (“lath”), from Proto-West Germanic *lattu, from Proto-Germanic *lattō, *laþþō (compare Dutch lat, German Latte) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lat- (compare Welsh llath (“rod, wand, yard”)).
Senses: examples: text: "You are as thin as a lath and as brown as a nut."
ref: 1887, Arthur Conan Doyle, A Study in Scarlet:
text: The rubble waits him, sloping up to broken rear walls in a clogging, an openwork of laths pointlessly chevroning-flooring, furniture, glass, chunks of plaster, long tatters of wallpaper, split and shattered joists […].
ref: 1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:
text: Lanna says about wishing she was bigger in the chest and I goes that I had nothing to beat there and I was thin as a lat.
ref: 1995, Alan Warner, Morvern Callar, Vintage, published 2015, page 21:
synonyms: lath strap
glosses: A thin, narrow strip, fastened to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting a covering of tiles, plastering, etc.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
petrology
glosses: Microscopic, needle-like crystals, usually of plagioclase feldspar, in a glassy groundmass
topics: business
mining
glosses: One of the sharp-edged, thick planks driven forward to hold back loose earth or mud when digging the way through for tunnelling or spiling. Also called a spill.
Derived terms: sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: counterlath
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: dagger of lath
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lath and plaster
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: plaster and lath
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lath board
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lath brick
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lathen
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lathless
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lathlike
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lath nail
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lath plaster
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lath strapping
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lathwork
sense: Terms derived from lath (noun)
word: lathy
Related terms: word: cement board
word: drywall
word: gyprock
word: gypsum board
word: gypsum plaster
english: often confused
translation: often confused
word: lathe
word: plaster
word: plasterboard
word: sheetrock
word: wallboard
lath
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːθ/
ipa: /læθ/
rhymes: -ɑːθ
rhymes: -æθ
Forms: form: laths
form: lathing
form: lathed
form: lathed
form: lat
form: latt
Etymology: From Middle English laththe, laþþe, earlier lathe, laþe, altered from Old English lætt (“lath”), from Proto-West Germanic *lattu, from Proto-Germanic *lattō, *laþþō (compare Dutch lat, German Latte) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lat- (compare Welsh llath (“rod, wand, yard”)).
Senses: glosses: To cover or line with laths.
Derived terms: relath
lath
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːθ/
ipa: /læθ/
rhymes: -ɑːθ
rhymes: -æθ
Forms: form: laths
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of lat (“staff; monumental pillar”).
wasn't
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɒz.ənt/
ipa: [ˈwɒz.n̩(ʔ)]
ipa: [ˈwɒn.(ʔ)]
ipa: /ˈwʌz.ənt/
ipa: [ˈwʌz.n̩(t)]
ipa: [ˈwʌd.n̩(t)]
rhymes: (RP) -ɒzənt
rhymes: (GA) -ʌzənt
Forms: form: wadn't
form: warn't
form: wudn't
form: wunt
form: wa'n't
form: wan't
form: wasnt
form: wazn't
form: wuzzent
Etymology: Contraction of was not. By surface analysis, was + -n't.
Senses: examples: text: Yesterday, upon the stair / I met a man who wasn’t there / He wasn’t there again today / I wish, I wish he’d go away …
ref: 1899, Hughes Mearns, Antigonish:
glosses: Contraction of was not.
raw_tags: in the negative
Derived terms: Rome wasn't built in a day
Related terms: isn't
weren't
faith
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /feɪθ/
rhymes: -eɪθ
Forms: form: feith
form: feithe
form: fayth
form: faythe
form: faithe
Etymology: From Middle English faith (also fay), borrowed from Old French fei, feid, from Latin fidem. Displaced native Old English ġelēafa, which was also a word for "belief."
Old French had [θ] as a final devoiced allophone of /ð/ from lenited Latin /d/; this eventually fell silent in the 12th century. The -th of the Middle English forms is most straightforwardly accounted for as a direct borrowing of a French [θ]. However, it has also been seen as arising from alteration of a French form with -d under influence of English abstract nouns in the suffix -th (e.g. truth, ruth, health, etc.), or as a recharacterisation of a French form like fay, fey, fei with the same suffix. Compare Champenois fiate, fiaite, showing the same preservation of the final consonant.
Senses: examples: text: “How wonderfully,” said Vincent, “your city dignities unloose the tongue: directly a man has been a mayor, he thinks himself qualified for a Tully at least. Faith, Venables asked me one day, what was the Latin for spouting? and I told him, ‘hippomanes, or a raging humour in mayors.’”
ref: 1828, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], Pelham; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:
text: 'Faith, friend,' he says, 'that was a nasty fall for a fellow that has supped weel. Where might your road be gaun to?'
ref: 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:
glosses: Alternative form of in faith (“really, truly”).
faith
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /feɪθ/
rhymes: -eɪθ
Forms: form: feith
form: feithe
form: fayth
form: faythe
form: faithe
Etymology: From Middle English faith (also fay), borrowed from Old French fei, feid, from Latin fidem. Displaced native Old English ġelēafa, which was also a word for "belief."
Old French had [θ] as a final devoiced allophone of /ð/ from lenited Latin /d/; this eventually fell silent in the 12th century. The -th of the Middle English forms is most straightforwardly accounted for as a direct borrowing of a French [θ]. However, it has also been seen as arising from alteration of a French form with -d under influence of English abstract nouns in the suffix -th (e.g. truth, ruth, health, etc.), or as a recharacterisation of a French form like fay, fey, fei with the same suffix. Compare Champenois fiate, fiaite, showing the same preservation of the final consonant.
Senses: glosses: Ellipsis of by my faith.
clout-nail
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: clout-nails
Senses: examples: text: They must have been light, for, reckoned by the hundred, the average is not very different from that of the hundred-weight of iron; and clout-nails must have been of moderate size, as the value varies very little from that of horseshoe-nails.
ref: 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 546:
glosses: A wrought-iron nail heaving a large flat head, and used for fastening clouts to axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for various purposes.
busk
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bʌsk/
ipa: /bʊsk/
rhymes: -ʌsk
Forms: form: busks
form: busking
form: busked
form: busked
Etymology: Apparently from French busquer or Spanish buscar.
Senses: glosses: To solicit money by entertaining the public in the street or in public transport.
examples: text: The frothy orator, who busked his tales
In quackish pomp of noisy words
ref: 1827, Robert Pollok, The Course of Time:
glosses: To sell articles such as obscene books in public houses etc.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To tack, cruise about.
Derived terms: busker
busk it
busk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bʌsk/
ipa: /bʊsk/
rhymes: -ʌsk
Forms: form: busks
Etymology: Borrowed from French busc, from Italian busco (“splinter”).
Senses: examples: text: Her long slit sleeves, stiffe buske, puffe verdingall, / Is all that makes her thus angelicall.
ref: 1598, John Marston, The Scourge of Villanie:
glosses: A strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset to stiffen it.
examples: text: Off with that happy busk, which I envie, / That still can be, and still can stand so nigh.
ref: 1661, John Donne, To his Mistress going to Bed:
glosses: A corset.
Derived terms: word: busked
busk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bʌsk/
ipa: /bʊsk/
rhymes: -ʌsk
Etymology: Etymology unknown.
Senses: examples: text: Busk, a kind of table linen, occurs first in 1458, and occasionally afterwards.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 557:
glosses: A kind of linen.
busk
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bʌsk/
ipa: /bʊsk/
rhymes: -ʌsk
Forms: form: busks
form: busking
form: busked
form: busked
Etymology: From Middle English busken, from Old Norse búask, reflexive of búa (“to prepare”); compare bound for a derivation from búa's past participle and basken for a similar formation from an Old Norse reflexive.
Senses: examples: text: Busk ye, busk ye, my bonny, bonny bride.
ref: c. 1724, William Hamilton, The Braes of Yarrow 2:
text: The watch stert up and drew their weapons bright / And busk'd them bold to battle and to fight.
ref: 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC:
glosses: To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress.
examples: text: Ye might have busked you to Huntly-banks.
ref: c. 1550, John Skelton, Skelton Laureate against the Scottes:
glosses: To go; to direct one's course.
Derived terms: word: busking
word: buskle
buckram
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbʌkɹəm/
Forms: form: buckrams
Etymology: From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan.
Senses: examples: text: Four rogues in buckram let drive at me—
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:
text: Buckram was probably from the first a stiffened material employed for lining, often dyed.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 557:
glosses: A coarse cloth of cotton, linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in bookbinding to cover and protect the books, in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise.
glosses: A crab that has just molted; a papershell.
Derived terms: unbuckramed
buckram
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˈbʌkɹəm/
Forms: form: buckrams
form: buckraming
form: buckramed
form: buckramed
form: buckrammed
form: buckrammed
Etymology: From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan.
Senses: glosses: To stiffen with or as if with buckram.
buckram
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈbʌkɹəm/
Forms: form: buckrams
form: buckrams
Etymology: Perhaps a back-formation from earlier buckrams, from buck + ramps, ramsh (“wild garlic, ramson”). Compare Danish ramsløg (“ramson”), Swedish ramslök (“bear garlic, ramson”).
Senses: glosses: A plant, Allium ursinum, also called ramson, wild garlic, or bear garlic.
Related terms: ramp
harbingers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of harbinger
tartaryn
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tartaryns
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of tartarin
riband
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ribands
Senses: examples: text: There was every reason to spare the disclosure, for a new blue satin pelisse, a bonnet trimmed with ribands a mile high, and a fresh detachment of flowing curls, proclaimed the bridal attire.
ref: 1842, [Katherine] Thomson, chapter XIII, in Widows and Widowers. A Romance of Real Life., volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, pages 273–274:
text: Riband and fringe are often bought by the ounce.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 573:
glosses: Archaic form of ribbon.
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
coordinate_terms: bendlet
cost
garter
glosses: A narrow diminutive of the bend, thinner than a bendlet.
Derived terms: blue riband
riband jasper