vernal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɜːn(ə)l/
ipa: /ˈvɝnəl/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl
Forms: form: more vernal
form: most vernal
form: vernall
Etymology: PIE word
 *wósr̥
From Latin vernālis (“(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal”), from vērnus (“of or pertaining to spring; vernal”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). Vērnus is derived from vēr (“season of spring”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”)) + -nus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Old French vernal (modern French vernal), Italian vernale (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Occitan vernal, Portuguese vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Spanish vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”).
Compare typologically German Frühling (< früh), Slovene pomlȃd (< mlȃd).
Senses: examples: text: For as a vernall Larke, but lately drest / In her first Downe, abandoning her nest, / Stretchest her pinions, her small force assayes / Flutters, and fals before her flight shee raise, [...]
ref: 1633, Thomas Bancroft, The Glvttons Feauer, London: Printed by Iohn Norton, for William Cooke, […], →OCLC; quoted in “Bancroft, (Thomas.)—The Glvttons Feauer. […] 1633.”, in Thomas Corser, editor, Collectanea Anglo-Poetica: Or, A Bibliographical and Descriptive Catalogue of a Portion of a Collection of Early English Poetry, […] (Remains Historical & Literary Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester; LII), part I, [Manchester]: Printed for the Chetham Society, 1860, →OCLC, page 139:
text: To my requeſt this anſwer ſhe bequeath'd, / Whiles from her lips the vernall Roſes breath'd; [...]
ref: 1640, Ovid, “The Fifth Book; Or, May”, in John Gower, transl., edited by Edward Alliston, Ovids Festivalls, or Romaine Calendar, Translated into English Verse Equinumerally, [Cambridge, Cambridgeshire]: Printed by Roger Daniel, printer to the University of Cambridge; [a]nd are to be sold by M[ichael] S[parke] junior, […], →OCLC, page 107:
text: [...] I have in England for ſome years paſt, kept by me an exact table, or Ephemeris both of the Vernall, and Summer Eteſians; but found the VVinds no leſſe Variable in thoſe Months, then at other Seaſons.
ref: 1671, R[alph] Bohun, “[Of the Etesian, or Anniversary VVinds: Their Several Species]”, in A Discourse Concerning the Origine and Properties of VVind. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by W. Hall for Tho[mas] Bowman, →OCLC, pages 118–119:
text: Look round: the vernal fields smile with new flowers, / The budding orchard perfumes the soft breeze, / And the green corn waves to the passing gale.
ref: 1794, Robert Southey, Wat Tyler. A Dramatic Poem. In Three Acts, London: J[ohn] M‘Creery, […] for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], published 1817, →OCLC, Act I, page 15:
text: Their [aphids'] punctures of the leaves of peach and nectarine trees in the vernal months; and of cherry, plum, and currant-trees in the summer, produce a swelling and elevation of the cuticle of the leaf on its upper side, and consequent curling of it with its upper surface outwards, which terminates in a destruction of it, [...]
ref: 1807, “APHIS”, in The Complete Farmer; or, General Dictionary of Agriculture and Husbandry: […], 5th re-written and enlarged edition, volume I, London: Printed by Rider and Weed, […]; for R. Baldwin; [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:
text: On we went in this way, mile after mile, over hills and through valleys inundated with a frothing, vernal vegetation and filled with the odour of newly watered ferns in a glasshouse.
ref: 1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth: Travels in Burma, London: Jonathan Cape, →OCLC; republished London: Readers Union; Jonathan Cape, 1954, →OCLC, page 120:
text: Something about the hoot of the vessel entering the river, made George Smith shiver. Two weeks of rain storm and hurricane. For three days Miss Martin could not get to work because of flooding in the subway. And suddenly it stopped. Sun up, clear sky, air fresh, all vernal on the first day of May.
ref: 1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 115:
text: A religious problem unexpectedly triggered the invention of modern science. [...] According to the Julian calendar, the first day of spring (the vernal equinox, when the hours of day exactly equaled those of night) should occur around 21 March. By the fifteenth century, the vernal equinox fell in early April. The church feared that this delay jeopardized the sanctity of Easter (which was celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox). The Counter-Reformation papacy, eager to have its structures improved and reformed, called on intellectuals to come up with both an explanation about the Julian calendar's errors and a solution.
ref: 2015, Brian A. Pavlac, “Liberation of Mind and Body: Early Modern Europe, 1543 to 1815”, in A Concise Survey of Western Civilization: Supremacies and Diversities throughout History, 2nd edition, volume 2 (1500 to the Present), Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 223:
synonyms: word: springlike, spring-like
word: springly
glosses: Pertaining to or occurring in spring.
examples: text: When after the long vernal day of life, / Enamour'd more, as more remembrance ſwells / With many a proof of recollected love, / Together down they [the seasons] ſink in ſocial ſleep; [...]
ref: a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 44, lines 1168–1171:
text: Ah me! too ſwiftly fleets our vernal bloom! / Loſt to our wonted friendſhip, loſt to joy! / Soon may thy breaſt the cordial wiſh reſume, / Ere wintry doubt its tender warmth deſtroy.
ref: 1764, William Shenstone, “Elegy XIII. To a Friend, on Some Slight Occasion Estranged from Him.”, in The Works in Verse and Prose, of William Shenstone, Esq; Most of which Were Never before Printed. In Two Volumes. […], volume I, London: Printed for R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, stanza 2, page 45:
text: Art thou a child of tears, / Cradled in care and woe? / And seems it hard thy vernal years / Few vernal joys can shew?
ref: 1827, [John Keble], “The Circumcision of Christ”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 47:
glosses: Having characteristics like spring; fresh, young, youthful.
Coordinate terms: sense: pertaining to seasons
word: summer: aestival
sense: pertaining to seasons
word: estival
word: summery · autumn
word: fall: autumnal · winter: brumal
word: hibernal
word: wintry
Derived terms: prevernal
sweet vernal grass
vernal-bearded
vernal conjunctivitis
vernal crocus
vernal cyclamen
vernal equinoctial
vernal equinox
vernal gentian
vernal grass
vernality
vernalization
vernalize
vernal keratoconjunctivitis
vernally
vernal orobus
vernal point
vernal pool
vernal sandwort
vernal season
vernal sedge
vernal-seeming
vernal speedwell
vernal squill
vernal stargrass
vernal starwort
vernal-tinctured
Related terms: word: primavera
english: springtime
translation: springtime
word: ver
word: vere
english: springtime
translation: springtime
word: vere-time