illegitimate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmət/
ipa: [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmɨt]
ipa: /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmɘt/
ipa: /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmeɪt/
ipa: [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmeɪt]
ipa: /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmeɪt/
Forms: form: more illegitimate
form: most illegitimate
Etymology: First attested in 1536, from Latin illēgitimus, most likely an adapted borrowing of Middle French illegitime, equivalent to il- + legitimate, see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3).
Senses: examples: text: […] it may be impossible to convince them that the illegitimate power which they obtain, by degrading themselves, is a curse […]
ref: 1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 38:
text: The so-called interstellar space […] has not the properties of ordinary space. It will not conduct sound, nor can a human being move through it. It is therefore illegitimate to measure it in miles.
ref: 1927, J. B. S. Haldane, “Possible Worlds”, in Possible Worlds and Other Essays, London: Chatto and Windus:
text: Our attitude was that, to put it briefly, our presence there [in South Africa] was legal but illegitimate. We had an abstract right to be there, a birthright, but the basis of that right was fraudulent. Our presence was grounded in a crime, namely colonial conquest, perpetuated by apartheid.
ref: 2009, J. M. Coetzee, “Martin”, in Summertime, New York: Viking, page 209:
synonyms: invalid
antonyms: valid
glosses: Not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards.
examples: text: […] if things went on at this rate it would be doubtful soon whether ever again he would be able to win another election by methods legitimate or illegitimate.
ref: 1914, Theodore Dreiser, chapter 54, in The Titan, New York: John Lane, page 475:
synonyms: illegal
illicit
unlawful
antonyms: legal
glosses: Not in accordance with the law.
examples: text: If we credit the scandal of the former [i.e. his enemies], Artaxerxes sprang from the illegitimate commerce of a tanner’s wife with a common soldier.
ref: 1783, Edward Gibbon, chapter 8, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume 1, London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, page 317:
text: His illegitimate birth deprived him of the influence of a father until perhaps his fifth year […]
ref: 1916, chapter 6, in Abraham Brill, transl., Leonardo da Vinci: A Psychosexual Study of an Infantile Reminiscence, New York: Moffat, Yard, page 118:
glosses: Not sanctioned by marriage.
examples: text: an illegitimate child
text: I am a bastard begot, bastard instructed, bastard in mind, bastard in valour, in every thing illegitimate.
ref: c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vii]:
text: ‘This child,’ said Mr. Brownlow, drawing Oliver to him, and laying his hand upon his head, ‘is your half-brother; the illegitimate son of your father […]’
ref: 1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], chapter 51, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Not sanctioned by marriage.
Born to unmarried parents.
synonyms: natural
examples: text: She had only to collect her memories, which proved to her that “anybody” regarded the illegitimate children as more rightfully to be looked shy on and deprived of social advantages than illegitimate fathers.
ref: 1876, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 27, in Daniel Deronda, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:
text: I heard last night that a what-do-you-call it?—claimant?—has arrived who says Pat Wayne is his illegitimate father.
ref: 1935, Carolyn Wells, chapter 13, in The Beautiful Derelict, New York: Triangle Books, page 222:
glosses: Not sanctioned by marriage.
Having a child or children with a person to whom one is not married.
examples: text: an illegitimate inference
text: […] in natural things we must have recourse […] to experience. And all reasoning that is not supported so, ought to be repudiated, or at least suspected to be illegitimate.
ref: 1658, Kenelm Digby, A Late Discourse […] Touching the Cure of Wounds by the Powder of Sympathy, London: R. Lownes and T. Davies, page 75:
text: […] it is illegitimate to reduce an Equation, by subducting from one Side a Quantity when it is not to be destroyed, or when an equal Quantity is not subducted from the other Side of the Equation:
ref: 1734, George Berkeley, The Analyst, London: J. Tonson, Section 27, pp. 44-45:
synonyms: illogical
invalid
antonyms: logical
valid
glosses: Not correctly deduced.
examples: an illegitimate word
synonyms: spurious
glosses: Not authorized by good usage; not genuine.
examples: text: illegitimate union; illegitimate fertilization
text: […] the legitimate unions between the two forms of the above nine species of Primula are much more fertile than the illegitimate unions; although in the latter case pollen was always taken from a distinct plant of the same form.
ref: 1877, Charles Darwin, chapter 1, in The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species:
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Involving the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers.
Synonyms: word: illegitimate
word: base
word: baseborn
word: base born
word: bastardly
word: extramarital
word: misbegotten
word: nameless
word: natural
word: spurious
word: unwanted
word: degenerate
Hyponyms: word: fatherless
word: motherless
word: unfathered
word: unmothered
Derived terms: illegit
illegitimacy
illegitimately
illegitimateness
illegitimate theater
illegitimate theatre
illegitimation
illegitimatize
illegitimize
Related terms: word: bastard