cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
shield beetle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shield beetles
Senses: glosses: Any of the American shield bugs, in the superfamily Pentatomoidea.
glosses: Any of several shield-shaped leaf beetles that typically inhabit a specific species of tree; especially members of the genus Cassida.
glosses: Cossyphidae spp., now in the family Tenebrionidae of darkling beetles.
Synonyms: sense: Pentatomoidea
word: chust bug
sense: Pentatomoidea
word: stink
Derived terms: taxonomic: Cassida nebulosa
word: beet shield beetle
taxonomic: Elasmostethus interstinctus
word: birch shield beetle
taxonomic: Elasmostethus interstinctus
word: birch shield bug
taxonomic: Troilus luridus
word: bronze shield beetle
taxonomic: Troilus luridus
word: bronze shield bug
taxonomic: Cassida nebulosa
word: clouded shield beetle
taxonomic: Palomena prasina
word: green shield beetle
taxonomic: Palomena prasina
word: green shield bug
taxonomic: Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale
word: hawthorn shield beetle
taxonomic: Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale
word: hawthorn shield bug
word: jewel shield beetle
word: rainbow shield beetle
word: thistle shield beetle
taxonomic: Cassida rubiginosa
word: thistle-feeding shield beetle
Related terms: tortoise beetle
dupla
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: duplas
form: duplae
Etymology: From Medieval Latin dupla.
Senses: glosses: A form of bell used in some medieval clocks.
leaf beetle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: leaf beetles
form: leaf-beetle
Senses: glosses: Any of very many brightly-coloured beetles, of the family Chrysomelidae, that feed on plant leaves.
Synonyms: chrysomelid
Derived terms: taxonomic: Chrysomelinae spp.
word: broad-bodied leaf beetle
taxonomic: Oulema melanopus
word: cereal leaf beetle
taxonomic: Cryptocephalinae spp.
word: cylindrical leaf beetle
taxonomic: Xanthogaleruca luteola
word: elm leaf beetle
taxonomic: Donaciinae spp.
word: long-horned leaf beetle
taxonomic: Eumolpinae spp.
word: oval leaf beetle
word: small cereal leaf beetle
taxonomic: Cryptocephalinae spp.
word: warty leaf beetle
chrysomelid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɹaɪ.soʊˈmɛ.lɪd/
ipa: /ˌkɹaɪ.səˈmɛ.lɪd/
Forms: form: chrysomelids
Etymology: Borrowed from translingual Chrysomelidae, from the type genus of Chrysomela, from the root word of Ancient Greek χρῡσόμηλον (khrūsómēlon).
Senses: examples: text: There was a paucity of chrysomelids at Greek sites and a distinctively northern faunal composition at sites north of Poland.
ref: 2016 September 28, Roy Canty, Enrico Ruzzier, Quentin Cronk, Diana Percy, “Salix transect of Europe: patterns in the most abundant chrysomelid beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) herbivores of willow from Greece to Arctic Norway”, in Biodiversity Data Journal:
text: Working the low areas around the parking lot, I beat a fair number and diversity of beetles and hemipterans—mostly chrysomelids—but only a single Agrilus sp. off of Prosopis glandulosa.
ref: 2022 May 14, Ted C. MacRae, Cupressaceae:
text: Chrysomelids use their faeces as a biomaterial for constructions and self-decoration behaviours that serve as defensive coats, mobile debris shields, and protective domiciles.
ref: 2023 August 30, Caroline Simmrita Chaboo, Sally Adam, Kenji Nishida, Luke Schletzbaum, “Architecture, construction, retention, and repair of faecal shields in three tribes of tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini)”, in Zookeys:
topics: biology
entomology
natural-sciences
glosses: Any leaf beetle of the family Chrysomelidae.
Derived terms: chrysomelidial
chrysomelid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɹaɪ.soʊˈmɛ.lɪd/
ipa: /ˌkɹaɪ.səˈmɛ.lɪd/
Forms: form: more chrysomelid
form: most chrysomelid
Etymology: Borrowed from translingual Chrysomelidae, from the type genus of Chrysomela, from the root word of Ancient Greek χρῡσόμηλον (khrūsómēlon).
Senses: examples: text: In all, 34 willow-associated chrysomelid species were encountered, of which eight were very abundant.
ref: 2016 September 28, Roy Canty, Enrico Ruzzier, Quentin Cronk, Diana Percy, “Salix transect of Europe: patterns in the most abundant chrysomelid beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) herbivores of willow from Greece to Arctic Norway”, in Biodiversity Data Journal:
text: Defensive shields and domiciles may help explain the uneven radiation of chrysomelid subfamilial and tribal clades.
ref: 2023 August 30, Caroline Simmrita Chaboo, Sally Adam, Kenji Nishida, Luke Schletzbaum, “Architecture, construction, retention, and repair of faecal shields in three tribes of tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini)”, in Zookeys:
topics: biology
entomology
natural-sciences
glosses: Belonging or relating to the family Chrysomelidae.
crossbeam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: crossbeams
form: cross-beam
Etymology: From cross + beam.
Senses: examples: text: The workman hung a light from a crossbeam between the main joists.
glosses: A horizontal structural beam that runs perpendicular to the primary support beams; a girder.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A beam laid across the bitts, to which the cable is fastened when riding at anchor.
epiphyses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of epiphysis
Erzyan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Erzyans
Etymology: From Erzya + -an.
Senses: glosses: A Mordvin person speaking Erzya or of such ancestry.
Synonyms: Erzya
deductive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈdʌktɪv/
ipa: /dɪˈdʊktɪv/
rhymes: -ʌktɪv
Forms: form: more deductive
form: most deductive
Etymology: From deduct + -ive.
Senses: glosses: Of, pertaining to, or based on deduction (process of reasoning).
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Based on inferences from general principles.
Derived terms: deductive closure
deductive database
deductive inference
deductive language
deductively
deductive mood
deductiveness
deductive reasoning
deductivism
deductivist
deductivistic
hypothetico-deductive
hypotheticodeductive
nondeductive
undeductive
ethanal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: acetaldehyde
flaps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /flæps/
rhymes: -æps
Etymology: From flap + -s.
Senses: examples: text: Giges or flappes, is pimples or teates in the in side of his mouth.
ref: 1587, Leonard Mascall, The First Booke of Cattell, London: John Wolfe, page 163:
text: If there be any ſvvelling betvveene the eares, it is a ſigne of the polle euil; ſvvelling under the eare, a ſigne of the vives; and ſvvelling in the mouth, a ſigne either of canker, flaps or lampaſſe.
ref: 1610, Gervase Markham, “Of the Signes of Sicknesse, and of what Nature it Consisteth”, in Markhams Maister-peece. Or, What doth a Horse-man Lacke. Containing All Possible Knowledge whatsoeuer which doth Belong to any Smith, Farrier, or Horse-leech, Touching the Curing of All Manner of Diseases or Sorrances in Horses; […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson, […], →OCLC, 1st book (Containing All Cures Physicall, […]), page 32:
text: Theſe Giggs, Bladders or Flaps, proceed either from eating too much Graſs, or that which is bad; or Hay or Provender that is rough and pricking.
ref: 1726, N. B. Philippos, The Farrier’s and Horseman’s Dictionary, London: J. Darby, page 247:
text: The Flaps are a ſpungy, fleſhy, fungous ſubftance, ſituated juſt belovv the grinders on the lovver javv, adjoining the cheek, on the part vvhere the bit reſteth upon. The above is ſo troubleſome to a Horſe and ſo ſore, that he vvill often catch the Flaps betvveen his grinders, vvhich chafes him much, and prevents him to grind his food, and cauſes him to ſlaver and ſlober much.
ref: 1784, William Griffiths, A Practical Treatise on Farriery, Wrexham, Wales: R. Marsh, page 119:
text: These likewise sometimes enlarge during catarrh or inflammation of the mouth, and are called gigs, and bladders, and flaps in the mouth.
ref: 1843, William Youatt, The Horse, London: Chapman & Hall, page 206:
topics: farriery
hobbies
horses
lifestyle
pets
sports
glosses: A disease in the mouths of horses involving inflammation in the cheeks or lips.
flaps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /flæps/
rhymes: -æps
Etymology: From flap + -s.
Senses: glosses: plural of flap
flaps
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /flæps/
rhymes: -æps
Etymology: From flap + -s.
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of flap
trunnions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of trunnion
Chinook Jargon
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A pidginized Native American language used by various tribes of the Pacific Northwest.
Synonyms: Chinook Pidgin
Chinook Wawa
Oregon Jargon
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Chinook Jargon terms
sorbets
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sorbet
Louisiana Creole
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: synonyms: word: Kouri-Vini
word: Louisiana Creole French
glosses: A French-based creole with elements of Spanish, Native American and West African languages spoken by the Louisiana Creole people.
Related terms: lou ⁠
slushes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of slush (second sense)
slushes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of slush
lugsail
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lugsails
Etymology: From lug + sail.
Senses: examples: 1885, Alexander Stewart, ’Twixt Ben Nevis and Glencoe: The Natural History, Legends, and Folk-Lore of the West Highlands, Edinburgh: William Paterson, Chapter 46, p. 336,
It was a bright afternoon, with just enough wind over the quarter to set our lugsail well abulge, and make our little “Penguin” dance merrily over the rippling wavelets.
glosses: A quadrilateral sail bent upon a yard that crosses the mast obliquely; a lug.
lugsails
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lugsail
hang paper
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: hangs paper
form: hanging paper
form: hung paper
form: hung paper
Senses: examples: text: He's been hanging paper all over town: nobody wants to even talk to him any more.
glosses: To write a bad check.
Related terms: paperhanger
ventriculus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɛnˈtɹɪk.jəl.əs/
ipa: /vənˈtɹɪk.jəl.əs/
rhymes: -ɪkjʊləs
Forms: form: ventriculi
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventricle.
Senses: topics: anatomy
biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
zoology
zootomy
glosses: A digestive cavity such as a gizzard or stomach.
Derived terms: proventriculus
ventricular
Related terms: ventriculite
ventriculi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ventriculus
stomachache
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstʌməkˌeɪk/
Forms: form: stomachaches
form: stomach ache
Etymology: From stomach + ache.
Senses: synonyms: gut rot
glosses: A pain in the abdomen, often caused by indigestion, in which the pain is usually lower than the stomach and related to the intestines.
stomachaches
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of stomachache
statehood
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈsteɪthʊd/
Forms: form: statehoods
Etymology: From state + -hood.
Senses: examples: text: Alaska didn't attain statehood until 1959, when it became the 49th state of the United States.
glosses: The property of being a state, an autonomous subdivision of a federal country.
examples: text: Medvedev cited these supposed “Western analysts” in order to propagate Russia’s colonial fantasy: envisioning Ukraine’s territory reduced to just the Kyiv region, while the remainder of Ukraine would be divided among Russia, Poland, Romania, and Hungary. Such a narrative recalls Putin’s February 2022 speech questioning Ukraine’s statehood and accompanies intensifying Russian calls to expand its “special military operation” to realize its imperial map.
ref: 2022 August 24, “Russia’s War on Ukraine: Six Months of Lies, Implemented”, in United States Department of State, archived from the original on 24 Aug 2022:
glosses: The condition of being a country.
stammeringly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more stammeringly
form: most stammeringly
Etymology: From stammering + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a stammering manner, done with a stammer or stutter.
mungs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mung
monopthong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: monopthongs
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of monophthong.
monophthong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɒnəfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/
other: /ˈmɒnəpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/
ipa: /ˈmɑnəfˌθɔŋ/
other: /ˈmɑnəpˌθɔŋ/
ipa: /ˈmɑnəfˌθɑŋ/
ipa: /ˈmɑnəpˌθɑŋ/
Forms: form: monophthongs
Etymology: From Ancient Greek μονόφθογγος (monóphthongos), from μόνος (mónos, “single”) + φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).
Senses: glosses: A vowel (in the sense of a sound rather than a letter of the alphabet) that has the same sound throughout its pronunciation, such as the short vowels in "pap", "pep", "pip", "pop" and "pup", as opposed to a diphthong (eg, /aɪ/, the vowel in "pipe") or a triphthong (eg, /aɪə/, the sound in the non-rhotic pronunciation of "pyre").
Coordinate terms: diphthong
triphthong
tetraphthong
pentaphthong
Derived terms: monophthongal
monophthongic
monophthongisation
monophthongise
monophthongization
monophthongize
covariance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəʊˈvɛː.ɹi.əns/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /koʊˈvæɹ.i.əns/
note: US, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈkoʊˈvɛɹ.i.əns/
ipa: /kəʉˈveː.ɹi.əns/
Forms: form: covariances
Etymology: From co- + variance.
Senses: examples: text: The elements of such a correlation matrix do not have asymptotic variances and covariances of the form (1.2), even if S has a Wishart distribution.
ref: 2002, Karl G. Jöreskog, Dag Sörbom, PRELIS 2 User's Reference Guide, Scientific Software International, page 28:
text: Consequently, it can be shown that a covariance of two binary variables measures the extent to which the observed joint distribution of these variables differs from their expected joint distribution under the assumption that they are statistically independent.
ref: 1997, Michael Patrick Allen, Understanding Regression Analysis, Plenum Press, page 31:
text: The covariance of X and Y is the expected value of the product of two random variables, X − E(X) and Y − E(Y).[…]If two random variables tend to act like opposites, one is high when the other is low and vice versa, then the covariance will be negative. If two random variables tend to be high and low at the same time, then the covariance will be positive. In fact, the covariance measures the extent of a linear relationship between the two random variables.
ref: 2005, Steven J. Janke, Frederick Tinsley, Introduction to Linear Models and Statistical Inference, Wiley, page 133:
topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
glosses: A statistical measure defined as scriptstyle operatorname Cov(X,Y)= operatorname E((X-μ)(Y-ν)) given two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values scriptstyle E(X),=,μ and scriptstyle E(Y),=,ν.
examples: text: As we will see in Chapter 8, we see both covariance and contravariance throughout the Java Collections. They largely exist to ensure that the generics just “do the right thing” and behave in a manner that should not surprise the developer.
ref: 2014, Benjamin J. Evans, David Flanagan, Java in a Nutshell, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 149:
coordinate_terms: contravariance
qualifier: object-oriented programming
glosses: The conversion of data types from wider to narrower in certain situations.
Derived terms: autocovariance
covariance function
covariance mapping
covariance matrix
crosscovariance
eddy covariance
isocovariance
subcovariance
Related terms: covariant
metaprogram
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: metaprograms
form: metaprogramme
Etymology: From meta- + program.
Senses: qualifier: neurolinguistic programming
glosses: A thinking pattern which determines what information a person takes note of and what information they screen out.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A computer program that writes or manipulates other programs as data, or does the work at runtime that would otherwise be done at compile time.
Derived terms: metaprogramming
triphthong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹɪfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/
other: /ˈtɹɪpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/
ipa: /ˈtɹɪfˌθɔŋ/
other: /ˈtɹɪpˌθɔŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɹɪfˌθɑŋ/
ipa: /ˈtɹɪpˌθɑŋ/
rhymes: -ɪfθɑŋ
rhymes: (US) -ɪfθɔŋ
Forms: form: triphthongs
Etymology: From the Ancient Greek τρίφθογγος (tríphthongos, “triphthong, having three voices”), from τρία (tría, “three”) + φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).
Senses: glosses: A monosyllabic vowel combination usually involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another that passes over a third one.
examples: text: Before moving on to a solution, it may be worth emphasizing that nouns of the صلوه type originally contained a triphthong. […] In addition to evidence from the Safaitic inscriptions, the discovery of the Graeco-Arabic inscription A1 (Al-Jallad and al-Manaser 2015), where the verb ’tw ‘he came’ is written αθαοα /’atawa/, confirms this to be the case for Old Arabic as well.
ref: 2017, Ahmad Al-Jallad, Was it sūrat al-baqárah? Evidence for antepenultimate stress in the Quranic Consonantal Text and its Relevance for صلوه Type Nouns:
glosses: A disyllabic sequence of a vowel, a semivowel, and a vowel.
Coordinate terms: monophthong
diphthong
tetraphthong
pentaphthong
Derived terms: triphthongal
triphthongization
triphthongize
monophthongs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of monophthong
triphthongs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of triphthong
metaprograms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of metaprogram
covariances
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of covariance
Aloysius
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /æl.əʊˈɪʃ.əs/
ipa: /æl.əʊˈɪs.ɪəs/
ipa: /əˈlɔɪʃəs/
Etymology: Latinization of Occitan [Term?], an Occitan form of Louis. Doublet of Louis.
Senses: examples: text: Mr and Mrs Aloysius Kirby announced the marriage of their daughter Katherine – I knew neither the girl nor the man she was marrying. They must be circularizing the town. It was a funny name. I felt sure I could remember anybody with a name like Aloysius. It was a good Catholic name.
ref: 1927, Ernest Hemingway, chapter IV, in The Sun Also Rises:
glosses: A male given name from the Germanic languages, notably of a 16th-century Italian saint.
sequella
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of sequela.
sequellas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sequella
sharking
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of shark
sharking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The act of one who sharks (in any sense)
Derived terms: loan sharking
mud sharking
jujutsu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌd͡ʒuːˈd͡ʒʊtsuː/
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of jujitsu.
sharked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of shark
sharked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: the heathenish sharked waters
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
glosses: Infested with sharks.
zonate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Having or appearing to have multiple zones, such as of color or texture.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Having different colors, textures, or other patterns form a pattern of rings, bands, or stripes.
shivs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɪvz
Senses: glosses: plural of shiv
shivs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ɪvz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of shiv
starchily
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more starchily
form: most starchily
Etymology: From starchy + -ly.
Senses: synonyms: formally
glosses: In a starchy or formal manner.
starchiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From starchy + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Some people on diets avoid potatoes because of their starchiness.
text: The starchiness of the freshly pressed shirt made it very uncomfortable.
glosses: The property of being starchy.
stargaze
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɑɹɡeɪz/
Forms: form: stargazes
form: stargazing
form: stargazed
form: stargazed
Etymology: From star + gaze.
Senses: examples: text: It was a very clear night so I paused to stargaze until I got cold and went in.
text: "That's right," declared Browning's companion. "I was out stargazing last night. Looked at the Long-Handled Dipper a long time, and it gave me an awful thirst. I've had it with me all day. Yes, mine's ale."
ref: 1903, Burt L. Standish [pseudonym; Gilbert Patten], Frank Merriwell at Yale:
glosses: To look at the stars at night.
examples: text: Before books came into my life, I was given to stargazing and daydreaming. When books were given me, I fell upon them as a glutton pounces on his meat after a period of enforced starvation.
ref: 1912, Mary Antin, The Promised Land:
glosses: To gaze engrossed with emotion or contemplatively.
stargazer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɑɹˌɡeɪzɚ/
Forms: form: stargazers
Etymology: From star + gazer.
Senses: examples: text: Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels: let now the astrologers, the starre-gazers, the monethly prognosticators stand vp, and saue thee from these things that shall come vpon thee.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 47:13:
text: […] the four satellites of Jupiter, which, it is thought, were probably visible to certain of the more sharp-sighted stargazers of ancient Babylonia.
ref: 1906, Theophilus G. Pinches, The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria:
glosses: Someone who gazes at the stars; an astronomer or astrologer (now especially an amateur one).
examples: text: A stargazer is a frightening fish by any sretch of the imagination, but not until the day I first saw one in its own world did I understand its true nature.
ref: 2001, Richard Flanagan, Gould's Book of Fish, Vintage, published 2016, page 187:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
glosses: Any of family Uranoscopidae of bottom-dwelling fish.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Uranoscopus scaber
word: Atlantic stargazer
alt: Astroscopus spp.
word: electric stargazer
stargazers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of stargazer
starkness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: starknesses
Etymology: From Middle English starknes, starkenes, starkenesse, equivalent to stark + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: In the morning the framed photograph of the two of them, hanging on the sitting-room wall, was gone. The patch of wall where it had been hanging a hurtful rectangle of dusty starkness.
ref: 2009, Chika Unigwe, On Black Sisters’ Street, Vintage (2010), page 226:
text: The power of the stories overrides everything else. The quiet starkness of the telling: […]
ref: 2013 February 17, Bob Greene, “America’s ‘Slave Narratives’ should shock us”, in CNN:
text: The starkness of the studies correlates with the rising number of people – especially Democrats – who see climate change as not just an issue but the issue of our times.
ref: 2020 January 15, Chris Cillizza, “Exhibit 9,172 that global warming is an urgent threat”, in CNN:
glosses: The state or quality of being stark.
glosses: The result or product of being stark.
starker
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: comparative form of stark: more stark
starkest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of stark: most stark
standard-bearer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: standard-bearers
Senses: examples: text: The standard-bearer in battle is in the center of the front line so the following troops know where to go; unfortunately, it also shows the enemy where to shoot.
synonyms: flag-bearer
flag carrier
glosses: A person who carries a flag or banner (a standard).
examples: text: He became the standard-bearer for their cause because of his celebrity.
synonyms: flag-bearer
flag carrier
glosses: A person who visibly leads.
standard-bearers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of standard-bearer
stagnancy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stagnancies
Etymology: From stagnant + -cy.
Senses: glosses: The property of being stagnant.
spewer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spewers
Etymology: From spew + -er.
Senses: glosses: A person or thing that spews.
spewers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of spewer
Sino-Japanese
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Sino- + Japanese.
Senses: glosses: Involving both China and Japan, for example the First Sino-Japanese War, or Sino-Japanese vocabulary
Sino-Japanese
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Sino- + Japanese.
Senses: glosses: The Chinese-derived elements in the Japanese language.
Related terms: kango
Franco-Prussian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Franco- + Prussian.
Senses: examples: text: He fought in the Franco-Prussian War.
glosses: Of or relating to both France and Prussia.
Russo-Japanese
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Russo- + Japanese.
Senses: examples: text: In 1905, the Russo-Japanese war fought itself to a standstill, and with the destruction of Rozhiestvensky's fleet at Tsushima, the Japanese, for financial reasons, had to put out feelers for peace.
ref: 1952 July, the late H. Carew, “By Special Train in the Far East”, in Railway Magazine, page 488:
glosses: Of or pertaining to both Russia and Japan.
Derived terms: Russo-Japanese War
Luso-Hispanic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Luso- + Hispanic.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to both Portugal and Spain.
Greco-Buddhism
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Graeco-Buddhism
Etymology: From Greco- + Buddhism.
Senses: glosses: The cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism.
Indo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Indos
Etymology: Clipping of Indo-European or Indonesia; from Dutch Indo.
Senses: glosses: A Eurasian person living in or connected with Indonesia, especially (historical) a person in the former Dutch East Indies who held European legal status but was of mixed Dutch and indigenous Indonesian descent, or a descendant of such a person.
glosses: Indonesia (a country in Asia)
Judeo-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Pronunciation: ipa: /dʒuːˈdiː.əʊ/
ipa: /dʒuˈdi.o/
ipa: /dʒuˈde.o/
Forms: form: Judæo-
form: Judaeo-
Senses: glosses: Judean, Judaic, Jewish
Derived terms: Judeo-Christian
Judeo-German
Judeo-Portuguese
Judeo-Provençal
Judeo-Satanic
Judeofascism
partaker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: partakers
Etymology: From partake + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The joint was passed around the circle, but he was not a partaker, so he waved it away.
text: Won with thy words, & conquered with thy lookes,
I yeeld my ſelfe, my men & horſe to thee:
To be partaker of thy good or ill,
As long as life maintaines Theridimas.
ref: c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
glosses: One who partakes of something.
glosses: A partner or accomplice.
Synonyms: sense: one who partakes
word: imbiber
sense: one who partakes
word: participant
sense: one who partakes
word: user
Derived terms: copartaker
partakers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of partaker
jounces
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of jounce
jouncing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of jounce
jouncing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jouncings
Senses: examples: text: Your twitchings and jouncings disturb me excessively.
ref: 1843, The Knickerbocker, volumes 21-22, page 73:
glosses: A motion that jounces.
jounced
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of jounce
peppy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛpi/
rhymes: -ɛpi
Forms: form: peppier
form: peppiest
Etymology: From pep + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Cedric was not feeling peppy when he woke up two hours before dawn.
glosses: Full of pep; energetic, cheerful, and vigorous; bouncy
Synonyms: energetic
lively
perky
sparky
zippy
full of pep
full of vim and vigor
Derived terms: peppily
peppiness
unpeppy
peppy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛpi/
rhymes: -ɛpi
Forms: form: peppies
Etymology: From pep + -y.
Senses: examples: text: "Busselton for example, you used to have these quarter-acre blocks with one big house on it and lots of peppy trees in the backyard. And now they've got three houses and no peppy trees," she said.
ref: 2023 December 15, Govan, Alex, “Western ringtail possums burn paws on roofs, solar panels in hot summer weather”, in ABC News, Australian Broadcasting Corporation:
text: City engineering and works services director Oliver Darby told the Times three of the peppies had been lopped extensively and must now be removed along with the non-native, but transplantation of the remaining tree was being investigated.
ref: 2018 March 9, Pelusey, Taelor, “Peppy tree transplant investigated”, in Busselton Dunsborough Times, West Australian Newspapers Limited:
glosses: A tree of species Agonis flexuosa, commonly known as Western Australian peppermint or peppermint tree.
peppier
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈpɛpiə(ɹ)/
Senses: glosses: comparative form of peppy: more peppy
peppier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈpɛpiə(ɹ)/
/ˈpɛpieɪ/
/ˈpɛpiə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: peppiers
Etymology: Mock-French, along the lines of sommelier.
Senses: examples: text: Actually my parents found something very interesting at one place .... they did a "take time off, travel north america" trip last year, and found this place ... name escaping me ... I think it was something like Hot Tossed Buns. Well, they walk in ... and sit down ... and not only were the portions amazing, they had two things. Instead of peppiers, they had people who walked around, with the side dishes of the day, offering you more and more, if you wanted more at any time, you got it.
ref: 1999 October 8, Jessie (Loa), “Pedants... don't read this. =)”, in alt.books.m-lackey (Usenet):
text: Shirley the pepper mills are whipped away by the peppier after use, so no danger there. But what about the candles?
ref: 2001 February 18, Tim Hall, “Spilero 15/2”, in uk.media.radio.archers (Usenet):
text: Widdershins wrote:
[…]
> 7. PEPPIER (peph ee ay') n. The waiter at a fancy restaurant whose
> sole purpose seems to be walking around asking diners if they want
> fresh ground pepper.
Ah, Norway is still a peppier-free zone!
ref: 2001 February 20, Lady Archer, “Make me laugh”, in alt.astrology (Usenet):
glosses: A waiter at a restaurant who offers to grind pepper onto customers' meals at the table.
peppiest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of peppy: most peppy
water intoxication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water intoxications
Senses: glosses: A potentially fatal disturbance in brain function that results when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside of safe limits by a very rapid intake of water.
Synonyms: hyperhydration
water poisoning
hyperhydration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From hyper- + hydration.
Senses: glosses: water intoxication.
water poisoning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water poisonings
Senses: glosses: A potentially fatal medical condition, also called water intoxication, caused by extremely rapid intake of water.
glosses: Contaminating a water source with a toxin.
hyponatremia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhʌɪ.pəʊ.nəˈtɹiː.mi.ə/
ipa: /ˌhaɪ.poʊˌneɪˈtɹiː.mi.ə/
rhymes: -iːmiə
Forms: form: hyponatremias
form: hyponatraemia
form: hyponatræmia
Etymology: From hypo- + natremia or hypo- + natr- + -emia.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
antonyms: word: eunatremia
alt: normonatremia
word: hypernatraemia
word: hypernatremia
hypernyms: dysnatraemia
dysnatremia
glosses: An abnormally low concentration of sodium in blood plasma.
Derived terms: dilutional hyponatremia
hyponatremic
pseudohyponatremia
hyponatraemia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hyponatraemias
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of hyponatremia.
hypernatremia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌhaɪ.pə.nəˈtɹiː.mi.ə/
ipa: /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.nəˈtɹi.mi.ə/
Forms: form: hypernatremias
form: hypernatraemia
form: hypernatræmia
Etymology: From hyper- + natremia or hyper- + natr- + -emia.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: An abnormally high concentration of sodium in blood plasma.
Hypernyms: dysnatraemia
dysnatremia
Derived terms: hypernatremic
cerebral edema
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cerebral edemas
Senses: glosses: An excess accumulation of water in the intra- and/or extra-cellular spaces of the brain.
cerebral edemas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cerebral edema
primary offense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: primary offenses
Senses: topics: law
glosses: The most serious offence of a group of offenses that a person committed at the same time, or is charged with committing at the same time.
topics: law
glosses: An offence of such seriousness that a police officer may arrest the person involved, or impose an instant fine.
off base
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Forms: form: off-base
form: offbase
Senses: examples: text: A Virginia lawmaker wants to improve off-base living conditions for enlisted troops with families.
ref: 2009 September 21, Bill Maze, Bill would expand off-base housing options, retrieved 26 Sep 2010:
antonyms: on base
glosses: Situated or happening outside the boundaries of a military base.
examples: text: The hippo heard us, and, like a baseball player caught off base, tried to get back to the river.
ref: 1907, Richard Harding Davis, chapter 5, in The Congo and Coasts of Africa:
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
antonyms: on base
glosses: Positioned somewhere between the bases, and hence vulnerable to being caught out.
raw_tags: of a baserunner
examples: text: Near-synonyms: off-track, off target
text: But he's off-base in describing the city as having "record crime" until he took office.
ref: 2007 November 27, “The Not-Quite Truth About NYC”, in Newsweek:
glosses: Mistaken; misguided; somewhat wrong in opinion or judgment.
raw_tags: of a person
examples: text: Near-synonyms: off-track, off target, off-kilter
text: Verne had been dead for 64 years by the time of the Apollo 11 mission in 1969 and was thus spared the embarrassment of knowing . . . that part of the rocket would be named “Columbia,” not his own ludicrously off-base suggestion, “Columbiad.”
ref: 2007 July 20, Bruno Maddox, “Blinded By Science Fictional Reality”, in Discover, retrieved 26 Sep 2010:
text: That partisan rhetoric may be heated, but it's not entirely off base.
ref: 2010, Kate Pickert, How Health Reform Will Impact Existing Plans," Time, 24 June
qualifier: belief; idea; etc; belief; idea; etc
glosses: Incorrect or inappropriate; not properly executed, envisioned, or understood.
raw_tags: of an action
anchovy toast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: anchovy toasts
Senses: glosses: A form of bruschetta topped with mashed anchovies and other ingredients.
thiosulphate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /θaɪə(ʊ)ˈsʌlfeɪt/
Forms: form: thiosulphates
form: thiosulfate
Etymology: From thio- + sulphate.
Senses: examples: text: Gold sulphide is insoluble, but gold thiosulphate, compounded of gold, sulphur, and oxygen, dissolves readily enough.
ref: 2002, Philip Ball, The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, published 2004, page 46:
glosses: A salt of thiosulphuric acid.
Derived terms: sodium thiosulphate
thiosulphuric acid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of thiosulfuric acid.
water dumping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: water dumpings
Senses: glosses: ocean dumping
thiosulphuric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From thio- + sulphuric.
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of thiosulfuric.
thiosulfuric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: thiosulphuric
Etymology: From thio- + sulfuric.
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Of or pertaining to thiosulfuric acid or its derivatives.
telegraph pole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: telegraph poles
Senses: examples: text: By the afternoon it seemed as if the storm had passed and that frost was setting in; but in the evening the wind rose to gale force, bringing telegraph poles down like skittles and tangling power and telephone lines.
ref: 1960 March, “The January blizzard in the North-East of Scotland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 137:
glosses: A telegraph post
Related terms: utility pole
sulphurous acid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of sulfurous acid.
sulphonic acid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sulphonic acids
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of sulfonic acid.
sulphonate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sulphonates
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of sulfonate.
Derived terms: lignin sulphonate
sulphonate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: sulphonates
form: sulphonating
form: sulphonated
form: sulphonated
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of sulfonate.
stealthiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stealthinesses
Etymology: From stealthy + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The property of being stealthy.
Synonyms: furtiveness
sneakiness
spotlessly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more spotlessly
form: most spotlessly
Etymology: From spotless + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: And the kaleidescope ^([sic]) of distinctive colours sported by the spotlessly-maintained diesels of many different railways in the great Union stations of cities like Washington and St. Louis must have some thrills even for the most die-hard steam enthusiast.
ref: 1955 April, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 261:
glosses: In a spotless manner.
sulphite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sulphites
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of sulfite.
examples: text: A sulphite is a person who does his own thinking, he is a person who has surprises up his sleeve. He is explosive.
ref: 1906, Gelett Burgess, Are You a Bromide?:
text: Some years ago when the engraving business was just getting a foothold in Chicago and Jones was busily engaged in helping said business gain said foothold, he was known as Charles Engraving Jones. This is a fair sample of his methods. You need not expect anything bromidic from Jones; he is a sulphite.
ref: 1908, Arthur F. Sheldon, About Smith, Whose Name is Jones, page 837:
text: "I don't know," Anna answered in the slow tone of one who is weight many things, "what Ruth will do. She's a sulphite you know."
ref: 1922 May 24, Inez Haynes Irwin, “Hester”, in The Metropolitan, volume 55, page 18:
antonyms: bromide
glosses: A person who is spontaneous and original in thought and conversation.
Derived terms: sodium hydrogen sulphite
spotlessness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From spotless + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The property of being spotless.
spryly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more spryly
form: most spryly
Etymology: From spry + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: But now an express had rolled up and the old man was disappearing quite spryly inside one of its doors.
ref: 1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 579:
glosses: In a spry manner.
springlike
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more springlike
form: most springlike
form: spring-like
Etymology: From spring + -like.
Senses: examples: text: It was a warm, clear, springlike day, though it was still the middle of December.
glosses: Typical of spring (the season).
raw_tags: of the weather
glosses: Resembling a spring (coiled-shaped usually metal object).
Synonyms: sense: typical of spring (season)
word: springly
Derived terms: springlike phenomenon
sulphide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sulphides
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of sulfide.
Derived terms: decasulphide
ferrosulphide
heptasulphide
mercury sulphide
monosulphide
oligosulphide
oxysulphide
pentasulphide
polyphenylene sulphide
protosulphide
sesquisulphide
subsulphide
sulphided
sulphidic
sulphidisation
tersulphide
trisulphide
sulphide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sulphides
Senses: examples: text: Rare marbles, especially overlays, sulphides, clambroths, and other unusual specimens, need gentle washing and drying.
ref: 1997, Miriam L. Plans, Caring for your antiques & collectibles, page 94:
glosses: A kind of clear marble with a small statuette or figure inside.
spookiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spookinesses
Etymology: From spooky + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The property of being spooky.
spiry
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspaɪəɹi/
rhymes: -aɪəɹi
Forms: form: more spiry
form: most spiry
Etymology: From spire + -y.
Senses: examples: text: In theſe lone walls (their days eternal bound) / Theſe moſs-grown domes with ſpiry turrets crown'd, / Where awful arches make a noon-day night, / And the dim windows ſhed a ſolemn light; / Thy eyes diffus'd a reconciling ray, / And gleams of glory brighten'd all the day.
ref: 1717, Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC, page 424:
glosses: Like or resembling a spire.
examples: text: But the calmest region is the upland, where human life is spread out beneath the bodily eye, where the mind roves from the peasant's nest to the spiry town, from the school-house to the churchyard, […]
ref: 1870, Harriet Martineau, Deerbrook, page 263:
glosses: Abounding in spires.
examples: text: Hid in the ſpiry volumes of the ſnake, / I lurk'd within the covert of a Brake; / Not yet deſcry'd.
ref: 1674 (date written), John Dryden, The State of Innocence, and Fall of Man: An Opera. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1677, →OCLC, Act IV, page 29:
glosses: Of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; serpentine.
spitefulness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spitefulnesses
Etymology: From spiteful + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state or quality of being spiteful.
glosses: The result or product of being spiteful.
Synonyms: nastiness
hatefulness
maliciousness
malevolence
Related terms: ill will
hostility
splintery
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more splintery
form: most splintery
Etymology: From splinter + -y.
Senses: glosses: Having many splinters.
glosses: Given to splintering.
Derived terms: splinteriness
spiciness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spicinesses
Etymology: From spicy + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: A food that has both some sweet qualities and a hidden kick of spiciness may be described as swicy.
ref: 2024 June 6, Brooke Younger, “What Is Swicy, and Why Do You Need It in Your Life?”, in Cozymeal:
synonyms: spice
glosses: The property of being spicy.
Synonyms: word: hotness
word: piquancy
word: pungency
word: bite
word: piquance
word: spiciness
word: tang
Hypernyms: word: flavour
Hyponyms: word: pepperiness
Related terms: word: spicy
spitefully
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more spitefully
form: most spitefully
Etymology: From spiteful + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Tuc[ca]. […] Can thy Author doe it impudently enough? / Hiſt[rio]. O, I warrant you, Captaine: and ſpitefully inough too; he ha's one of the moſt ouerflowing villanous wits, in Rome. He will ſlander any man that breathes; If he diſguſt him. / Tucca. I'le know the poor, egregious, nitty Raſcall; and he haue ſuch commendable Qualities, I'le cheriſh him: […]
ref: 1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act III:
glosses: In a spiteful manner.
spinsterish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more spinsterish
form: most spinsterish
Etymology: From spinster + -ish.
Senses: examples: text: Alma Winemiller, the repressed minister's daughter in a small southern town, is a spinsterish and prudish woman, losing her youth, who becomes aware of her strongly sensual nature and in desperation has the courage to act on her sexual impulses.
ref: 1976 December 25, Robert Chesley, “New York's "Nightingale" Does No Justice to Williams' Play”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 26, page 16:
glosses: Resembling or characteristic of a spinster.
Derived terms: spinsterishness
spinelessly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more spinelessly
form: most spinelessly
Etymology: From spineless + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a spineless manner.
spokespeople
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of spokesperson
sportingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more sportingly
form: most sportingly
Etymology: From sporting + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a sporting manner, demonstrating good sportsmanship.
sponginess
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From spongy + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Actually the job was almost the despair of those early pioneers, for the surface was a "quaking morass," the surrounding district was undrained, and no sooner than soil was deposited than it was swallowed up, with no apparent effect, for the sponginess of the land remained unaltered.
ref: 1934 February, G. W. Tripp, “How Nature Harasses the Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 79:
glosses: The property of being spongy.
sponger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspʌnd͡ʒɚ/
Forms: form: spongers
Etymology: From sponge + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who uses a sponge.
glosses: A parasitic hanger-on.
glosses: A person or vessel employed in gathering sponges from the sea.
glosses: A device for sponging cloth by means of a perforated adjustable cylinder.
Synonyms: sense: parasitic hanger-on
word: moocher
spongers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sponger
spottiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spottinesses
Etymology: From spotty + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state or quality of being spotty.
glosses: The result or product of being spotty.