cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
porch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔːtʃ/
ipa: /pɔɹt͡ʃ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /po(ː)ɹtʃ/
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /poətʃ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)tʃ
Forms: form: porches
Etymology: From Middle English porche, from Old French, from Latin porticus (“portico”). Doublet of portego, portico, and porticus.
Senses: examples: text: He sat on his porch, waiting for his friend to come over.
text: But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud,[…]. We began to tell her about Mohair and the cotillon, and of our point of observation from the Florentine galleried porch, and she insisted she would join us there.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
topics: architecture
glosses: A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.
glosses: A portico; a covered walk.
examples: text: By the time he had put on the backpack, McDivitt was ready to let him do more—to stand on the porch at least.
ref: 2012, Courtney G. Brooks, James M. Grimwood, Loyd S. Swenson, Chariots for Apollo:
glosses: The platform outside the external hatch of a spacecraft.
Synonyms: word: porch
word: portico
Derived terms: back porch
front porch
outporch
porched
porchful
porchless
porchlight
porchlike
porch monkey
porch piracy
porch pirate
porchscape
porch swing
porchway
snow porch
sunporch
wet porch
Related terms: word: loggia
word: porte-cochère
word: cloisters
word: colonnade
word: entrance
word: entrance hall
word: stoa
word: veranda
portray
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔːˈtɹeɪ/
ipa: /pɔɹˈtɹeɪ/
ipa: /poːˈtɹæɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: portrays
form: portraying
form: portrayed
form: portrayed
form: pourtray
Etymology: From Middle English portray, from Middle French portraire.
Senses: examples: text: I will portray a king on horseback.
glosses: To paint or draw the likeness of.
examples: text: Upon his browes was pourtraid vgly death,
And in his eies the furies of his heart,
That ſhine as Comets, menacing reueng,
And caſts a pale complexion on his cheeks.
ref: c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene ii:
glosses: To represent by an image or look.
glosses: To describe in words; to convey.
examples: text: For my next movie, I will be portraying Shakespeare.
glosses: To play a role; to depict a character, person, situation, or event.
glosses: To adorn.
Derived terms: misportray
portrayable
portrayee
portrayer
portrayist
Related terms: portrait
portrayal
potential
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈtɛnʃəl/
ipa: /po(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃəl/
Etymology: From Late Latin potentialis, from Latin potentia (“power”), from potens (“powerful”). By surface analysis, potent + -ial.
Senses: examples: text: The heroic man,—and is not every man, God be thanked, a potential hero?—has to do so, in all times and circumstances.
ref: 1858, Thomas Carlyle, Chartism, Chapman & Hall, page 229:
synonyms: noumenal
spiritual
virtual
antonyms: actual
phenomenal
real
glosses: Existing in possibility, not in actuality.
examples: text: And hath, in his effect, a voice potential
ref: 1603, William Shakespeare, Othello:
synonyms: efficacious
influential
glosses: Being potent; endowed with energy adequate to a result
examples: text: From Maxwell equations (6.20) it follows that the electric field is potential: E(r) = −gradφ(r).
ref: 1997, Physics-Uspekhi, volume 40, numbers 1-6, American Institute of Physics, page 39:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: irrotational
raw_tags: of a field
examples: text: The non-viscous flow of the vacuum should be potential (irrotational).
ref: 2009, Grigory E. Volovik, The Universe in a Helium Droplet^(http://books.google.com/books?id=6uj76kFJOHEC&pg=PA60&dq=%22The+non-viscous+flow+of+the+vacuum+should+be+potential+(irrotational)%22&hl=en&ei=mXVBTuWuHIufOuGf9ckJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1), Oxford University Press, page 60:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: irrotational (see potential flow on Wikipedia)
raw_tags: of a flow
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Referring to a verbal construction of form stating something is possible or probable.
Derived terms: bipotential
electrochemical potential
equipotential
immunopotential
interpotential
isopotential
nonpotential
oligopotential
omnipotential
potential difference
potential energy
potentialism
potentialist
potentialize
potentially
potential mood
potentialness
potential temperature
potential well
prepotential
unipotential
poussette
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /puːˈsɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: poussettes
Etymology: French
Senses: examples: text: But, now, the Bird of Paradise was seen to flutter down the middle; and the little bells began to bounce and jingle in poussette; and the Doctor's rosy face spun round and round, like an expressive peg-top highly varnished; and breathless Mr. Craggs began to doubt already, whether country dancing had been made 'too easy,' like the rest of life; and Mr. Snitchey, with his nimble cuts and capers, footed it for Self and Craggs, and half-a-dozen more.
ref: 1846, Charles Dickens, The Battle of Life:
glosses: A movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance.
topics: card-games
games
glosses: A method of cheating in card games, whereby a player surreptitiously changes his or her stake after the cards are dealt.
poussette
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /puːˈsɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: poussettes
form: poussetting
form: poussetted
form: poussetted
Etymology: French
Senses: examples: text: Came wet-shod alder from the wave, / Came yews, a dismal coterie; / Each pluck'd his one foot from the grave, / Poussetting with a sloe-tree: […]
ref: 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “Amphion”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 167:
glosses: To waltz around each other, as two couples do in a contra dance.
poverty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɒvəti/
ipa: /ˈpɑːvɚti/
Forms: form: poverties
Etymology: From Middle English poverte, from Old French poverté (Modern French pauvreté), from Latin paupertās, from pauper (“poor”) + -tas (“noun of state suffix”). Cognates include pauper, poor.
Senses: examples: text: get into poverty
text: get out of poverty
text: escape from poverty
text: From there Prince Rupert, the Royalist general and nephew of Charles I, demanded over £2,000 from the mayor of Leicester to pay the king's forces who were camped around Queniborough. The mayor, however, pleaded poverty and sent only £500.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 329, about Queniborough:
text: America’s poverty line is $63 a day for a family of four. In the richer parts of the emerging world $4 a day is the poverty barrier. But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries’ own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars and adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short.
ref: 2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 11:
glosses: The quality or state of being poor; lack of money
examples: text: poverty of soil
text: poverty of the blood
text: poverty of spirit
glosses: A deficiency of something needed or desired
Synonyms: word: armth
word: beggary
word: destitution
word: impecuniosity
word: impecuniousness
word: indigence
word: mendicancy
word: mendicity
word: misery
word: neediness
word: pauperism
word: penury
word: poverty
word: privation
word: reduced circumstances
word: slender means
word: straitened circumstances
Hypernyms: word: lack
word: necessity
word: need
word: want
Hyponyms: word: bankruptcy
word: insolvency
Derived terms: antipoverty
digital poverty
energy poverty
fuel poverty
furniture poverty
hygiene poverty
income poverty
nonpoverty
period poverty
poverty grass
poverty is a mindset
poverty is a state of mind
povertyism
poverty line
poverty of the stimulus
poverty poker
poverty porn
poverty-ridden
poverty-stricken
poverty-struck
poverty trap
povo
primary poverty
secondary poverty
transport poverty
ultrapoverty
Related terms: word: impoverish
word: poor
word: poorness
word: aporophobia
word: hardship
word: keep the wolf from the door
word: possessionlessness
word: impoverished
word: pauper
pout
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /paʊt/
ipa: /pʌʊt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: pouts
form: pouting
form: pouted
form: pouted
Etymology: From Middle English pouten, probably from Scandinavian (compare Norwegian pute (“pillow, cushion”), dial. Swedish puta (“to be puffed out”), Danish pude (“pillow, cushion”)), from Proto-Germanic *pūto (“swollen”) (compare English eelpout, Dutch puit, Low German puddig (“inflated”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bu- (“to swell”) (compare Sanskrit बुद्बुद (budbuda, “bubble”)).
Senses: glosses: To push out one's lips.
glosses: To thrust itself outward; to be prominent.
glosses: To be or pretend to be ill-tempered; to sulk.
examples: text: "Don't you love me any more?" she pouted.
glosses: To say while pouting.
Synonyms: moue
Derived terms: word: apout
word: pouter
word: poutingly
word: pouting
word: poutish
word: pouty
pout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /paʊt/
ipa: /pʌʊt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: pouts
Etymology: From Middle English pouten, probably from Scandinavian (compare Norwegian pute (“pillow, cushion”), dial. Swedish puta (“to be puffed out”), Danish pude (“pillow, cushion”)), from Proto-Germanic *pūto (“swollen”) (compare English eelpout, Dutch puit, Low German puddig (“inflated”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bu- (“to swell”) (compare Sanskrit बुद्बुद (budbuda, “bubble”)).
Senses: examples: 2008, Vladimir Nabokov, Natasha, written 1924, translated by Dmitri Nabokov
With a pout, Natasha counted the drops, and her eyelashes kept time.
glosses: One's facial expression when pouting.
glosses: A fit of sulking or sullenness.
Derived terms: ocean pout
poutful
poutrage
poutsome
trout pout
turkey pout
Related terms: duckface
pucker
pout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /paʊt/
ipa: /pʌʊt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: pouts
Etymology: From Middle English *poute, from Old English *pūte as in ǣlepūta, ǣlepūte (“eelpout”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to swell”). Related to pout (“to push one's lip out”).
Senses: glosses: Any of various fishes such as the hornpout (Ameiurus nebulosus, the brown bullhead), the pouting (Trisopterus luscus) and the eelpouts (Zoarcidae).
Derived terms: eelpout
eel-pout
horned pout
hornpout
silvery pout
pout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /paʊt/
ipa: /pʌʊt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: pouts
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of poult.
pout
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /paʊt/
ipa: /pʌʊt/
rhymes: -aʊt
Forms: form: pouts
form: pouting
form: pouted
form: pouted
Senses: glosses: To shoot poults.
prate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹeɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: prates
Etymology: From Middle English praten; either inherited from Old English prætt or borrowed via Middle Dutch or Middle Low German praten (from Old Saxon *pratt), all from Proto-West Germanic *prattu, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *prattuz (“idle or boastful talk, deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *bred- (“to wander, rove”).
Related to Dutch praten (“to talk, chat”), Low German praten, dated German pfrassen, Danish prate, Swedish prata (“to talk, prate”), Faroese práta (“to talk, gossip”), Icelandic prata;; also cognate with Polish bredzić (“to rave, jabber”), Latvian bradāt (“to talk nonsense”).
Senses: synonyms: waffle
babble
glosses: Talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaningful loquacity.
Derived terms: prater
pratingly
prattle
prattler
prate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹeɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: prates
form: prating
form: prated
form: prated
Etymology: From Middle English praten; either inherited from Old English prætt or borrowed via Middle Dutch or Middle Low German praten (from Old Saxon *pratt), all from Proto-West Germanic *prattu, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *prattuz (“idle or boastful talk, deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *bred- (“to wander, rove”).
Related to Dutch praten (“to talk, chat”), Low German praten, dated German pfrassen, Danish prate, Swedish prata (“to talk, prate”), Faroese práta (“to talk, gossip”), Icelandic prata;; also cognate with Polish bredzić (“to rave, jabber”), Latvian bradāt (“to talk nonsense”).
Senses: examples: text: Thou ſowre and firme-ſet Earth / Heare not my ſteps, which they may walke, for feare / Thy very ſtones prate of my where-about, / And take the preſent horror from the time, / Which now ſutes with it.
ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 136, column 1:
text: What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate, / When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a rate!
ref: 1697, Virgil, “Pastorl 3”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
text: Urania speaks with darken’d brow:
⁠‘Thou pratest here where thou art least;
⁠This faith has many a purer priest,
And many an abler voice than thou: […]’
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXXVII”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 57:
text: They are not so chic, these kids. They don’t haunt press receptions or opening nights; they don’t pose as street punks in the style of Bruce Springsteen, or prate of rock & Rimbaud.
ref: 1976 June 7, Nik Cohn, “Inside the Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night”, in New York Magazine:
text: Puffed up with fake jocularity, Bill epitomizes the smiley, buck-passing, back-stabbing, passive-aggressive office dictator who fears and despises his underlings while prating nauseatingly about everybody being one big happy family.
ref: 1999 February 19, Stephen Holden, “'Office Space': One Big Happy Family? No, Not at This Company”, in New York Times:
synonyms: word: blabber
word: babble
word: bat the breeze
word: blab
word: blabber
word: blather
word: carp
word: chat
word: chatter
word: chew the fat
word: chew the rag
word: chinwag
word: chit-chat
word: chunner
word: clack
word: claver
word: clepe
word: drivel
word: jabber
word: gabble
word: gibber
word: go on
word: maunder
word: natter
word: palaver
word: piffle
word: prate
word: prattle
word: rabbit
word: rabbit on
word: ramble
word: shoot the breeze
word: shoot the bull
word: shoot the shit
word: smatter
word: tattle
word: twaddle
word: waffle
word: wibble
word: witter
word: yabber
word: yack
word: yatter
word: yap
glosses: To talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly.
Derived terms: prate-roast
prattle
precipitous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹɪˈsɪpɪtəs/
Etymology: From obsolete French précipiteux, from Vulgar Latin *praecipitosus, from prae + caput (“head”). Equivalent to precipice (“steep”) + -ous.
Senses: examples: text: a precipitous cliff
text: a precipitous mountain
text: a precipitous decline
text: a precipitous drop
text: About this time our journey began to be pleasant again. The weather warm, yet not disagreeably so, the grass abundant and of an excellent quality, the road not greatly precipitous, the scenery enchanting.
ref: 1861, E. J. Guerin, Mountain Charley, page 34:
text: When the wind is in the right direction, hang-gliders launch themselves giddily into space from the precipitous bank.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 102:
glosses: Steep, like a precipice
examples: text: a precipitous fall
glosses: Headlong
examples: text: precipitous attempts
text: […]humans have been responsible for a precipitous decline of elephants, from perhaps 300,000 in the early 1970s to some 10,000 today.
ref: 2007 March, J. Michael Fay, “Ivory Wars: Last Stand in Zakouma”, in National Geographic, page 46:
glosses: Hasty; rash; quick; sudden
Synonyms: sense: steep
word: brant
sense: steep
word: steepdown
sense: steep
word: steep-to
sense: headlong
word: headlong
sense: headlong
word: precipitant
sense: hasty, rash
word: heedless
word: hotheaded
word: impetuous
word: reckless
sense: sudden
word: abrupt
word: subitaneous
word: sudden
preconceive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: rhymes: -iːv
Forms: form: preconceives
form: preconceiving
form: preconceived
form: preconceived
Etymology: From pre- + conceive.
Senses: synonyms: foreconceive
glosses: To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to have a preconception
predecease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɹiːdəˈsiːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: predeceases
Etymology: From pre- + decease.
Senses: examples: text: ‘Private: for the hands of J. G. Utterson alone and in case of his predecease to be destroyed unread,’ so it was emphatically superscribed; and the lawyer to behold the contents.
ref: 1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Remarkable Incident of Doctor Lanyon”, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, pages 59–60:
glosses: The death of one person or thing before another.
predecease
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɹiːdəˈsiːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: predeceases
form: predeceasing
form: predeceased
form: predeceased
Etymology: From pre- + decease.
Senses: examples: text: Husbands usually predecease their wives.
text: Frederick, Prince of Wales, predeceased his father and never became king.
text: If children prædeceaſe progenitours, / VVe are their ofſpring and they none of ours.
ref: 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC, signature M2, verso:
text: The death of cardinal York extinguished the descendants of James II., and as he had no brother but Charles II., who prædeceased him without legitimate issue, the succession the opened to the descendants of his sister, the princess Henrietta Maria, wife of Phillippe, duke of Orleans.
ref: 1883, “The Countess of Albany, Charles Edward, and Alfieri”, in The Monograph, a Serial Collection of Indexed Essays, number II, Bangor, Me.: Q. P. Index, →OCLC, note 4, page 43:
text: Two brothers and a sister predeceased him. Bergoglio is survived by a sister, María Elena.
ref: 2025 April 21, Peter Stanford, “Pope Francis obituary”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To die sooner than.
predecessor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹiːdɪsɛsə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈpɹiːdɪsɛsɚ/
ipa: /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/
ipa: /ˈpɹi.də.sɛs.ɚ/
Forms: form: predecessors
form: prædecessor
form: prædecessour
form: predecessour
Etymology: From Middle English predecessour, from Old French predecesseor (“forebear”), from Late Latin praedēcessor, from Latin prae- (“pre-”) + Latin dēcessor (“retiring officer”), from Latin dēcēdō (“I retire, I die”) (English decease).
Senses: examples: text: I thought about my predecessor, who had died of drink and smoke; and I could have wished he had been so good as to live, and not bother me with his decease.
ref: 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:
text: "The Northern Heights at last," you say to yourself, hastily closing the carriage window because the Yorkshire coal used by the Eastern Region and its predecessors makes their tunnels more sulphurous than any we know.
ref: 1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704:
synonyms: antecessor
ancestor
antonyms: successor
glosses: One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.
examples: text: The steam engine was the predecessor of diesel and electric locomotives.
text: No. 6959 is painted in the standard wartime black livery and, like its immediate predecessors, does not carry a nameplate, but the words "Hall Class" have been painted on the middle coupled-wheel splasher.
ref: 1944 November and December, “Modified G.W.R. "Hall" Class Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 350:
antonyms: successor
glosses: A model or type of machinery or device which precedes the current (or later) one. Usually used to describe an earlier, outdated model.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A vertex having a directed path to another vertex
Synonyms: word: forerunner
word: foreganger
word: ancestor
word: antecessor
word: precursor
word: ancient
word: elder
word: precessor
word: predecessor
Hypernyms: word: precursor
Hyponyms: word: ancestor
word: predecessoress
word: foreking
word: preregnant
Related terms: word: decease
word: deceased
word: predecessive
word: successive
word: successor
premise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: prĕm'ĭs
rhymes: -ɛmɪs
ipa: /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/
ipa: /ˈpɹem.ɪs/
ipa: /ˈpɹem.əs/
note: spelling pronunciation
enpr: prĭ'mīz
note: Indic
ipa: /prɪˈmajz/
ipa: /pɹɪˈmaɪz/
Forms: form: premises
form: premising
form: premised
form: premised
form: premiss
form: præmise
form: præmiss
Etymology: From Middle English premise, premisse, from Old French premisse, from Medieval Latin premissa (“set before”) (premissa propositio (“the proposition set before”)), feminine past participle of Latin praemittere (“to send or put before”), from prae- (“before”) + mittere (“to send”).
Sense 4, a piece of real estate arose from the misinterpretation of the word by property owners while reading title deeds where the word was used with the legal sense.
Senses: glosses: To state or assume something as a proposition to an argument.
glosses: To make a premise.
examples: text: I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter upon it as a very ungrateful task.
ref: 1712 February 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “SATURDAY, February 2, 1711–1712”, in The Spectator, number 291; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:
text: Having premised thus much, we will now detain those who like our bill of fare no longer from their diet, and shall proceed directly to serve up the first course of our history for their entertainment.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:
glosses: To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows.
examples: text: the premised flames of the last day
ref: 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
text: 1794–1796, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia
if venesection can be previously performed, even to but few ounces, the effect of the opium is much more certain; and still more so, if there be time to premise a brisk cathartic, or even an emetic
glosses: To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be before something else; to employ previously.
prenatal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pre- + natal.
Senses: examples: text: Holonym: perinatal
text: prenatal care
text: prenatal vitamins
text: prenatal exposure
text: If you check the fitnessy corners of Instagram, prenatal workouts are intense and impressive AF.
ref: 2017 April 26, Sarah Jacoby, “How 11 Women Changed Their Workout Routines While Pregnant”, in Refinery29, archived from the original on 25 Feb 2023:
text: At 9 months, the researchers found deficits in motor function in infants with prenatal exposure to naled.
ref: 2017 June 9, Susan Scutti, “Study links mosquito spray to delayed motor skills in babies”, in CNN, archived from the original on 06 Oct 2022:
synonyms: antenatal
coordinate_terms: natal
postnatal
glosses: Being or happening before birth.
Related terms: embryonal
embryonic
fetal
intrauterine
prenatal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: prenatals
Etymology: From pre- + natal.
Senses: glosses: A person who is expecting to give birth.
examples: text: She was recommended a course of zinc prenatals.
glosses: A dietary supplement to be taken by somebody expecting to give birth.
prevail
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹɪˈveɪl/
rhymes: -eɪl
Forms: form: prevails
form: prevailing
form: prevailed
form: prevailed
form: prævail
form: prævaile
form: prævale
Etymology: From Middle English prevailen, from Old French prevaler, from Latin praevaleō (“be very able or more able, be superior, prevail”), from prae (“before”) + valeō (“be able or powerful”). Displaced native Old English rīcsian.
Senses: examples: text: Red colour prevails in the Canadian flag.
text: And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed; and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 17:11:
text: Liverpool created a host of chances and had a Joel Matip goal ruled out for a foul and offside in an incident-packed game that went right down to the wire before Jurgen Klopp's side prevailed.
ref: 2022 February 27, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0-0 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: To be superior in strength, dominance, influence, or frequency; to have or gain the advantage over others; to have the upper hand; to outnumber others.
examples: text: There are a number of SCPs and tales that look at potential apocalypses, but rarely with such totality as SCP-2935, a parallel dimension in which death prevailed.
ref: 2019 January 14, “Exploring the SCP Foundation: SCP-2935 - O, Death” (0:36 from the start), in The Exploring Series, archived from the original on 25 Mar 2023:
text: Zakharova also made light of Moore’s claims that Russia will not be able to regain momentum in the war after the MI6 chief said he was”optimistic”^([sic]) Ukraine would prevail against the Russian invasion.
ref: 2023 July 19, Nick Paton Walsh and Katharina Krebs, “MI6 chief makes open plea to Russians to spy for UK”, in CNN:
glosses: To triumph; to be victorious.
examples: text: In his day and age, such practices prevailed all over Europe.
glosses: To be current, widespread, or predominant; to have currency or prevalence.
examples: text: I prevailed on him to wait.
text: Jones began to be very importunate with the lady to unmask; and at length having prevailed, there appeared not Mrs Fitzpatrick, but the Lady Bellaston herself.
ref: 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:
glosses: To succeed in persuading or inducing.
glosses: To avail.
Derived terms: cooler heads must prevail
cooler heads prevail
cooler heads will prevail
cool heads must prevail
cool heads prevail
cool heads will prevail
prevail upon
Related terms: prevalence
prevalent
prevalence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɛvələns/
ipa: /pɹɪˈveɪləns/
Forms: form: prevalences
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French prévalence.
Senses: examples: text: On Starting Point this morning, Southern Poverty Law Center senior fellow Mark Potok discusses the prevalence of white supremacist groups and explains how this type of music is used as a recruitment tool.
ref: 2012 August 7, “SPLC fellow: ‘I wouldn’t be surprised to learn that [Page] essentially expected to die’”, in CNN:
glosses: The quality or condition of being prevalent; wide extension or spread.
topics: epidemiology
medicine
sciences
glosses: The total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.
Related terms: prevail
prevalent
incidence
prey
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: prā
ipa: /pɹeɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: pray
Forms: form: preys
Etymology: From Middle English preye, prei, preyȝe, borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French preie, one of the variants of proie, from Latin praeda. Compare predator. Doublet of prede.
Senses: examples: text: The deer became prey to the lion.
text: Already sees herself the monster's prey.
ref: 1700, [John] Dryden, “Theodore and Honoria, from Boccace”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: That which is or may be seized by animals to be devoured.
examples: text: [The helmsman] steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk […]
ref: 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II:
text: Being so inflexible, the railway was easy prey to road competition, and the arrival of unregulated lorry transport from farm fields to town centres quickly captured all locally generated business.
ref: 2020 November 18, Howard Johnston, “The missing 'Lincs' and the sole survivor”, in Rail, page 58:
glosses: A person or thing given up as a victim.
examples: text: The rabbit was eaten by the coyote, so the rabbit is the coyote's prey.
text: Stranded without any weapons, we made very easy prey.
text: The old lion perisheth for lack of prey.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 4:2:
text: Nonetheless, some insect prey take advantage of clutter by hiding in it. Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.
ref: 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:
glosses: A living thing, usually an animal, that is eaten by another living thing.
examples: text: And they brought the captiues, and the pray, and the spoile vnto Moses and Eleazar the Priest, and vnto the Congregation of the children of Israel, vnto the campe at the plaines of Moab, which are by Iordan neere Iericho.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 31:12:
synonyms: spoil
booty
plunder
glosses: Anything, such as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; something taken by force from an enemy in war.
examples: text: Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, […] lion in prey.
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
glosses: The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.
examples: text: He became the prey of dengue.
glosses: The victim of a disease.
Derived terms: beast of prey
bird of prey
easy prey
fall prey
prey drive
prey eyes
prey
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: prā
ipa: /pɹeɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: pray
Forms: form: preys
form: preying
form: preyed
form: preyed
Etymology: From Middle English praien, prayen, preyen, partly from the noun and partly from Old French praer, preer, earlier preder, from Late Latin praedō, collateral form of Latin praedor, from praeda (“plunder, booty, loot”) + -ō (verbal suffix). Doublet of prede.
Senses: examples: text: The ridge had been a haven for birds and small earth creatures, creeping, crawling, and hopping in a little world of balanced ecology where wild things preyed and were preyed upon […]
ref: 2001, Karen Harden McCracken, The Life History of a Texas Birdwatcher, page 278:
glosses: To act as a predator.
Related terms: prey on
prey upon
predate
pride
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪd/
ipa: [ˈpɹ̥ʷaɪ̯d]
rhymes: -aɪd
homophone: pried
Forms: form: prides
form: priding
form: prided
form: prided
form: pryde
Etymology: From Middle English pryde, pride, from Old English prȳde, prȳte (“pride”) (compare Old Norse prýði (“bravery, pomp”)), derivative of Old English prūd (“proud”). More at proud. The verb derives from the noun, at least since the 12th century.
Senses: examples: text: I pride myself on being a good judge of character.
text: Ichabod prided himself upon his dancing as much as upon his vocal powers. Not a limb, not a fibre about him was idle; and to have seen his loosely hung frame in full motion and clattering about the room you would have thought Saint Vitus himself, that blessed patron of the dance, was figuring before you in person.
ref: 1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:
text: RAIB prides itself on being able to send any of its inspectors to site with sufficient investigative skills and technical knowledge to gather evidence for any type of accident.
ref: 2021 December 29, Paul Stephen, “Rail's accident investigators”, in RAIL, number 947, page 32:
glosses: To take or experience pride in something; to be proud of it.
Derived terms: prided
priding
pride
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪd/
ipa: [ˈpɹ̥ʷaɪ̯d]
rhymes: -aɪd
homophone: pried
Etymology: From Middle English pryde, from Middle Low German lampride, from Medieval Latin lampreda.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
zoology
synonyms: prid
sandpiper
glosses: The small European lamprey species Petromyzon branchialis.
Synonyms: word: amour propre
word: dignity
word: manship
word: pride
word: self-belief
word: self-confidence
word: self-esteem
word: self-love
word: self-pride
word: self-regard
word: self-respect
word: self-worth
Hypernyms: word: worthiness
Hyponyms: word: arrogance
Derived terms: sand-pride
primacy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.si/
ipa: /ˈpɹɪ.mə.si/
ipa: /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.si/
Forms: form: primacies
Etymology: From Old French primacie, from Medieval Latin primatia (“office of a church primate”), from Latin primas plus a suffix corresponding to -acy. By surface analysis, prime + -acy.
Senses: examples: text: I am reading Nick Sousanis’ PhD dissertation-as-a-comic Unflattening. It debunks the primacy of word over image in Western culture and suggests that the two are equal partners in meaning-making.
ref: December 25 2016, Amruta Patil, “The book in my hand”, in The Hindu:
synonyms: preeminence
glosses: The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc.
glosses: Excellence; supremacy.
examples: text: Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople, who holds a primacy of honor in Eastern Orthodoxy, emphasized the many areas of agreement between Pope Francis and himself in response to the social concerns of the day.
ref: December 2 2016, Ecumenical Patriarch points to areas of agreement with Pope, Catholic World News:
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: The office, rank, or character of a primate, it being the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church.
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: The office or dignity of an archbishop.
Derived terms: primacy effect
primeval
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: "prīm'ēvəl
ipa: /ˌpɹaɪˈmi.vəl/
Forms: form: more primeval
form: most primeval
form: primaeval
form: primæval
Etymology: From Latin primaevus (“in the first or earliest period of life”) + -al, from primus (“first”) + aevum (“time, age”); see prime and age.
Senses: examples: text: And Tarzan had to be contented with that arrangement, though he would have liked it well enough to have set off the next morning—he was as impatient as a child. Really Tarzan of the Apes was but a child, or a primeval man, which is the same thing in a way.
ref: 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 130:
glosses: Belonging to the first ages.
examples: text: A letter from Mr. [Brian Houghton] Hodgson to Mr. Bayley, was then read, giving an outline of the theocracy of the Buddha system of Nepal. […] According to the information now communicated, the northern Buddhas acknowledge four sets of divine beings, or of superhuman objects of veneration. The first of these is, contrary to the generally supposed atheistical tendency of the faith, one primæval and uncreated deity. This first Buddha manifested five of his attributes, as five secondary Buddhas; in one of whom, Amitabha, or the 'immeasurably splendid,' in Prakrit and Pali, Amitabo, we recognise the Amito of the Japanese.
ref: 1827 July, “Asiatic Society of Calcutta”, in The Oriental Herald, and Journal of General Literature, volume XIV, number 43, London: Printed for the editor, and sold by all booksellers [printed by J. R. Gordon, 147, Strand], →OCLC, page 147:
text: But if life has a happiness over which the primeval curse has passed and harmed not, it is the early and long enduring affection of blood and habit.
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 116:
glosses: Primary; original.
examples: text: If their views were entrancing their sanitation was primeval; if they possessed stables they were also next to the gas-works; if their gardens were delightful there were odours suspicious of mice in the bedrooms.
ref: 1957, H. E. Bates, Death of a Huntsman:
glosses: Primitive.
Derived terms: forest primeval
primeval forest
primevality
primevally
primevalness
primeval soup
primitive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/
rhymes: -ɪmɪtɪv
Forms: form: primitives
form: primative
Etymology: From Middle English primitif, from Old French primitif, from Latin prīmitīvus (“first or earliest of its kind”), from prīmus (“first”); see prime. Doublet of primitivo.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: An original or primary word; a word not derived from another, as opposed to derivative.
glosses: A member of a primitive society.
glosses: A simple-minded person.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A data type that is built into the programming language, as opposed to more complex structures.
examples: text: A write-what-where primitive allows the attacker to write arbitrary data wherever they want in the memory
ref: 2021, Arti Noor, Abhijit Sen, Gaurav Trivedi, Proceedings of Emerging Trends and Technologies on Intelligent Systems: ETTIS 2021, page 26:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: Any of the simplest elements (instructions, statements, etc.) available in a programming language.
glosses: A basic geometric shape from which more complex shapes can be constructed.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A function whose derivative is a given function; an antiderivative.
Synonyms: sense: word
word: primitive word
sense: word
word: radical
sense: word
word: radical word
Derived terms: modern primitive
prise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
homophone: pries
homophone: prize
Forms: form: prises
form: prising
form: prised
form: prised
form: prize
Etymology: From the Middle English noun prise (“taking of something”), from Old French prise (“seizure; taking; capture”), past participle of prendre (“to take”). Doublet of prize.
Senses: examples: text: I think he must have been trying to prise open that box yonder when he was attacked.
ref: 1919, Sax Rohmer, The Quest of the Sacred Slipper:
text: Come, force the gates with crowbars, prise them apart!
ref: c. 1925, Jack Lindsay, translation of Lysistrata
text: Most people used pliers, scissors, rubber gloves and knives to try to prise open products.
ref: 2004 February 2, “'Wrap rage' hitting the over-50s”, in BBC News:
text: Many prefectural governments operate support centers for families of hikikomori, but they are staffed by nonspecialists. The priority is to help prise hikikomori out of their rooms and get them back to work, a solution that may leave psychological issues unaddressed.
ref: 2019 June 6, Motoko Rich, “Japan’s Extreme Recluses Already Faced Stigma. Now, After Knifings, They’re Feared.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 06 Jun 2019:
glosses: To force (open) with a lever; to pry.
examples: text: prise information out of someone
glosses: To extract something that is difficult to obtain.
prise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
homophone: pries
homophone: prize
Forms: form: prises
form: prize
Etymology: From the Middle English noun prise (“taking of something”), from Old French prise (“seizure; taking; capture”), past participle of prendre (“to take”). Doublet of prize.
Senses: examples: text: In which I may record the memory Of my loves conquest, peerlesse beauties prise
ref: 1595, Edmunde Spenser [i.e., Edmund Spenser], “[Amoretti.] Sonnet LXIX”, in Amoretti and Epithalamion. […], London: […] [Peter Short] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC:
glosses: An enterprise or adventure.
glosses: Obsolete form of prize.
Related terms: price
prise de fer
prize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
homophone: pries
homophone: prise
Forms: form: prizes
form: prizing
form: prized
form: prized
Etymology: From Middle English prysen, borrowed from Old French preisier (“to set a price or value on, esteem, value”), from pris (“price”), from Latin pretium (“price, value”), whence price; see also praise, a doublet. Compare appraise, apprize.
Senses: examples: text: […] I
Beyond all limit of what else i’ the world
Do love, prize, honour you.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
text: I pris’d your Person, but your Crown disdain.
ref: 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act V, page 83:
text: ‘[…] An old broken cup has no value. No one prizes it.’
‘I prize it. It’s my museum, not yours.’
ref: 2013, J. M. Coetzee, chapter 20, in The Childhood of Jesus, London: Harvill Secker, page 167:
glosses: To consider highly valuable; to esteem.
examples: text: […] no life,
I prize it not a straw, but for mine honour,
ref: c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
text: […] a goodly price that I was prized at.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Zechariah 11:13:
glosses: To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.
examples: text: ‘Find some other black boxes to prize open.’
ref: 2021, Kazuo Ishiguro, Klara and the Sun, Faber & Faber Limited, page 298:
glosses: To move with a lever; to force up or open; to prise or pry.
glosses: To compete in a prizefight.
Derived terms: disprize
foreprize
outprize
overprize
prizable
prizer
underprize
unprizable
unprized
prize
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
homophone: pries
homophone: prise
Senses: examples: text: a prize vegetable
glosses: Having won a prize; award-winning.
examples: text: He was a prize fool.
glosses: First-rate; exceptional.
prize
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
homophone: pries
homophone: prise
Forms: form: prizes
Etymology: Alternative forms.
Senses: examples: text: My prizes – for a head is thirty five Guineas – As far as the Knees seventy – and for a whole-length one hundred and fifty.
ref: 1777, Joshua Reynolds, edited by John Ingamells and John Edgcumbe, The Letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Yale, published 2000, page 69:
glosses: Obsolete form of price.
procreative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more procreative
form: most procreative
Etymology: From Latin prōcreātīvus. By surface analysis, procreate + -ive.
Senses: examples: text: The tortoise, with its characteristic protrusion of the head and neck, was a symbol sacred to Venus. It represented the procreative principle.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 235:
glosses: Having the power to beget; generative.
Synonyms: progenitive
profligate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: profligates
Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1535, the verb in 1542; borrowed from Latin prōflīgātus, perfect passive participle of prōflīgō (“to strike down, cast down”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 an 3)), from prō- (“forward”) + flīgō (“to strike, dash”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: Have you come to Nelson seeking your death, profligate?
ref: 2010 October 19, Obsidian Entertainment, Fallout: New Vegas, Bethesda Softworks, level/area: Nelson:
glosses: An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly vicious; a dissolute person.
examples: text: He proposed to call witnesses to show how the prisoner, a profligate and spendthrift, had been at the end of his financial tether, and had also been carrying on an intrigue with a certain Mrs. Raikes, a neighbouring farmer’s wife.
ref: 1920, Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, London: Pan Books, published 1954, page 152:
synonyms: word: wastrel
word: big spender
word: dingthrift
word: neve
word: overspender
word: prodigal
word: profligate
word: saprophage
word: scattergood
word: slipstring
word: slipthrift
word: sparkler
word: spend-all
word: spendthrift
word: splurge
word: splurger
word: squanderer
word: unthrift
word: waster
word: wastegood
word: wastethrift
word: wastrel
glosses: An overly wasteful or extravagant individual.
profligate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡeɪt/
enpr: prŏʹflĭgāt
ipa: /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/
Forms: form: profligates
form: profligating
form: profligated
form: profligated
Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1535, the verb in 1542; borrowed from Latin prōflīgātus, perfect passive participle of prōflīgō (“to strike down, cast down”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 an 3)), from prō- (“forward”) + flīgō (“to strike, dash”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: Such a stipulation would remove one powerful temptation to profligate pennyless seducers, of whom there are too many prowling in the higher circles ;
ref: 1840, Alexander Walker, Woman Physiologically Considered as to Mind, Morals, Marriage, Matrimonial Slavery, Infidelity and Divorce, page 157:
glosses: To drive away; to overcome.
Related terms: profligation