gouge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡaʊd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -aʊdʒ
Forms: form: gouges
Etymology: From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: examples: text: The "steeple" was a little cupola, reared on the very centre of the roof, on four tall pillars of pine, that were fluted with a gouge, and loaded with mouldings.
ref: 1823, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter VIII, in The Pioneers, or The Sources of the Susquehanna; […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Charles Wiley; […], →OCLC, page 118:
text: The cutting [of letter blocks] is effected by chisels and gouges of the usual kinds, and is the work of a class of artizans called 'Wood letter Cutters,' or 'Wood-type Cutters.'
ref: 1842 January 22, “On Printing Posting-bills”, in The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volume XI (New Series), number 626, London: Charles Knight & Co., →OCLC, page 30, column 2:
text: Now hollow out the inside of the boat with a gouge or gouges. ("Firmer" gouges, ground on the outside of the curve, are used. "Paring" gouges are useless.)
ref: 1922 August, H. Hambley Tregoning, “A Model 18-Footer Yacht, and How to Build and Sail Her”, in The Boy’s Own Paper, volume XLV, part 10, London: “Boy’s Own Paper” Office, […], →OCLC, page 697, column 1:
text: The six most common woodturning tools you should know about are: gouge, skew, parting tool, spear-point, round-nose, and flat-nose. The gouge is a hollow, round-nose chisel used to rough-cut blanks into cylinders and for making cove cuts. Gouges can be used for cutting or scraping.
ref: 1985 April, Rosario Capotosto, “Become a Woodturning Expert: Part One”, in John A. Linkletter, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 162, number 4, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104, column 2:
glosses: Senses relating to cutting tools.
A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.
examples: text: In plate II. are design for two backs of books. The first figure, which presents an appearance of exceeding richness, is executed with one sole tool, viz. No. 10, and a small gouge for the sides of the lettering-piece.
ref: 1835, John Andrews Arnett [pseudonym; John Hannett], “Combination of Tools”, in Bibliopegia; or, The Art of Bookbinding, in All Its Branches. […], London: Richard Groombridge; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Dublin: W. F. Wakeman; New York, N.Y.: W. Jackson, →OCLC, part II (Of Finishing), page 128:
glosses: Senses relating to cutting tools.
A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding.
examples: text: Gouge. […] A shaped incising-tool used for cutting out forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, or other objects cut to a shape from fabric, leather, or paper.
ref: [1875, Edward H[enry] Knight, “Gouge”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary: […], volumes II (Ena–Pan), New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 997, column 1:
glosses: Senses relating to cutting tools.
An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials.
examples: text: The nail left a deep gouge in the tire.
text: The planing-machine, on the contrary, uses revolving knives, which make a succession of little gouges in the wood; these gouges, which would otherwise leave the surface very irregular, are made to leave it tolerably smooth by following one another so closely that the gouges become one long gouge or cut; [...]
ref: 1878 April, “How Lead-pencils are Made”, in J[osiah] G[ilbert] Holland, editor, Scribner’s Monthly, an Illustrated Magazine for the People, volume XV, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Scribner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 808:
text: He makes himself look at his daughter's changing body the way he might look at a gouge on his own leg, forcing himself to examine every detail until he's not looking at a horror but a fact; something that needs fixing.
ref: 2015, Stephanie Butland, Letters to My Husband, London: Black Swan, Transworld Publishers, →ISBN, page 250:
text: He squinted through frozen lashes, trying to make better sense of the valley beneath him, a gouge running east to west, so deep and narrow he could only see the bottom when they passed directly overhead.
ref: 2015, Brian Staveley, chapter 4, in The Providence of Fire (Chronicle of the Unhewn Throne; book 2), London: Tor, →ISBN, page 60:
glosses: A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp.
glosses: An act of gouging.
synonyms: swindle
glosses: A cheat, a fraud; an imposition.
glosses: An impostor.
examples: text: At some of the mines on the great Mother Lode, where hundreds of tons are not unfrequently thrown down at a blast, and where a wide, soft "gouge" along one wall enables the minder to keep two or three sides of the rock free, and give the powder the greatest opportunity to "lift" without waste of power, the cost of drilling and blasting per ton is so low that a reduction of one-third, even if it could be made, would not greatly affect the general count; […]
ref: 1869, Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond, “Giant Powder and Common Powder”, in The Mines of the West: A Report to the Secretary of the Treasury, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company […], →OCLC, page 34:
text: The geologic relations seen at the surface continue underground, but in addition 5 to 10 feet of gouge, dipping 68°E, is found to separate the serpentine from the ore zone. The gouge is not sufficiently resistant to erosion to crop out. […] A "bull" quartz vein occurs in places along the contact of the gouge and the ore zone. It does not constitute ore.
ref: 1930, Edward Wilber Berry, “Systematic Descriptions”, in Revision of the Lower Eocene Wilcox Flora of the Southeastern States: With Descriptions of New Species, Chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky ([United States] Geological Survey Professional Paper; 156), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 83, column 1:
topics: business
mining
glosses: Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore.
examples: text: As all naval aviators have learned at one time or another in their careers, “There's plenty of bad gouge out there," and it has, does, and will get the unwary fliers in trouble.
ref: 2005, Jay A. Stout, To Be a U.S. Naval Aviator, page 63:
text: The Marines and “Coasties” (the nickname for Coast Guard students) were reputed to have good gouge on each class's test. Rumor had it that the Marines had inside information on the questions for the next day's FRR test, […]
ref: 2013, Douglas Waller, Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot, page 89:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Information.
Derived terms: fault gouge
gouge bit