habitual
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/
ipa: /həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/
ipa: /-tjʊ-/
ipa: /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/
ipa: /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/
note: Indic
ipa: /hab.ɪtʃ.(ʊ)wɐl/
Forms: form: more habitual
form: most habitual
form: habituall
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
Senses: examples: text: Her habitual lying was the reason for my mistrust.
text: Thomas Aquinas attributeth preparation vnto free-vvill, but not conuerſion. Now this preparation hee thus coloureth, that it is indeed a furtherance to the habituall grace of cõuersion, but yet through the free aſsiſtance of God mouing vs inwardly.
ref: 1617, Zacharias Ursinus, “Quest. 90. What is the Quickning of the New Man?”, in Henrie Parrie [i.e., Henry Parry], David Pareus, transl., The Svmme of Christian Religion, Deliuered Zacharias Vrsinvs in His Lectures vpon the Catechisme, […] Translated into English […], and Lately Conferred with the Last and Best Latine Edition […], London: Imprinted by H. L. and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson, […], →OCLC, 3rd part (Of Mans Thankefulnes), section 4 (What are the Causes of Conuersion), page 861:
text: I vvas baptized in thy Cordiall vvater, againſt Original ſinne, and I haue drunke of thy Cordiall Blood, for my recouerie, from actuall, and habituall ſinne, in the other Sacrament.
ref: 1624, John Donne, “11. Prayer.”, in Deuotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Seuerall Steps in My Sicknes: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Thomas Iones, →OCLC, pages 280–281:
text: There is an actual Grace removing the Power of ſin, before habitual or ſanctifying Grace, the [Holy] Spirit doing it immediately by an omnipotent act, by that which is called actuating moving Grace; Chriſt can and muſt firſt bind the ſtrong man and caſt him out by this working or actual Grace, before he dwels in the houſe of mans heart by habitual and ſanctifying Grace: [...]
ref: 1655, Rich[ard] Baxter, “Sect. III. The Testimony of Reformed Divines Ascribing as Much to Works as I: And Many of Them Delivering the Same Doctrine.”, in Rich[ard] Baxter’s Confesssion [sic] of His Faith, Especially Concerning the Interest of Repentance and Sincere Obedience to Christ, in Our Justification & Salvation. […], London: Printed by R[obert] W[hite] for Tho[mas] Underhil and Fra[ncis] Tyton, […], →OCLC, page 421:
text: The Night-Mare is either Accidental or Habitual. [...] The Habitual is occaſioned by ſome Acid Lymph that diſorders the Spirits and Creates a Paralytic or Convulſive Diſpoſition of the Nerves of the Middriff and Muſcles of the Breast; which by conſent Cramp thoſe of the Wind-Pipe, whoſe Contraction raiſes a ſenſe of ſtrangling, and aboliſhes the power of an Articulate Voice.
ref: 1703, Michael Etmullerus [i.e., Michael Ettmüller], “Sect. XIV. Of Diseases Relating to the Lungs and Organs of Respiration.”, in Etmullerus Abridg’d: Or, A Compleat System of the Theory and Practice of Physic. […] Translated from the Last Edition of the Works […], 2nd corrected and much improved edition, London: Printed for Andrew Bell […], and Richard Wellington, […], →OCLC, 1st book, chapter II (Of Inspiration Deprav’d, or Difficult Breathing), article III (Of the Night Mare), page 144:
text: But by a long and habitual courſe of giving way to evil tempers, and indulging ſinful paſſions, a perſon may be ſo blinded thereby as not to ſee the evil thereof, and ſo hardened therein as not to feel the bad effects of them.
ref: 1774, W[illiam] Mason, An Affectionate Address to Passionate Professors: Shewing the Blessedness of a Meek and Quiet Spirit: The Evil of Giving Way to Bad Tempers and Sinful Passions; And Pointing Out Some Remedies for Subduing Them, London: Printed for the author; and sold by M. Lewis, […]; and J. Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 11:
text: The nation, which indulges towards another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondneſs, is in ſome degree a ſlave: it is a ſlave to its authority or its affection, either of which is ſufficient to lead it aſtray from its duty and its intereſt.
ref: 1796 September 17, George Washington, “The Address of Gen. Washington to the People of America on His Declining the Presidency of the United States”, in Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, Pa.: D[avid] C. and S. Claypoole, published 19 September 1796, →OCLC; republished as “Address of General Washington on His Resignation”, in The Scots Magazine; or, General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics, volume LVIII (volume III, New Series), Edinburgh: Printed by Alex[ander] Chapman and Company, for James Watson and Company, […], December 1796, →OCLC, page 832, column 1:
text: The habitual use of opium is wholly unlike that of the gentler narcotics, tea, coffee, areca, and even tobacco, and is far more pernicious than that even of any description of fermented liquor.
ref: 1820, John Crawfurd, “Domestic Ceremonies and Familiar Usages”, in History of the Indian Archipelago. Containing an Account of the Manners, Arts, Languages, Religions, Institutions, and Commerce of Its Inhabitants. … In Three Volumes, volume I, Edinburgh: Printed [by George Ramsay and Company] for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, book I (Character), page 106:
text: Hurry had felt angered at his sufferings, when first liberated, it is true, but that emotion had soon disappeared in the habitual love of gold, which he sought with the reckless avidity of a needy spendthrift, rather than with the ceaseless longings of a miser.
ref: 1841, J[ames] Fenimore Cooper, chapter V, in The Deerslayer: A Tale. […], 1st British edition, volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 155:
text: KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCIES [...] Explore the rationale behind an individual's smoking habit (nicotine addiction/dependence, psychosocial aspects, and habitual cues).
ref: 1997, Christine A. Wynd, “Smoking Cessation”, in Barbara Montgomery Dossey, editor, Core Curriculum for Holistic Nursing, Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers, →ISBN, page 220:
glosses: Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring.
examples: text: Professor Franklein took his habitual seat at the conference table.
text: Our hearts are ſaid to be purified by faith; Acts 15. 9. not our lives onely in the acts of holineſſe and purity, but our heart in the habituall frame of them.
ref: 1653, Thomas Shepard, The Sound Beleever. A Treatise of Evangelicall Conversion. Discovering the Work of Christs Spirit, in Reconciling of a Sinner to God, London: Printed for Andrew Crooke […], →OCLC, page 83:
text: Now he [Edmund Bonner] was deprived, and had no more to doe with the Bishoprick of London, then with the Bishoprick of Conſtantinople, he had the habituall power of the Keies, but had no flock to exercise it upon.
ref: 1658, John Bramhall, “The Fourth and Fifth Reasons against This Improbable Fiction, from the No Necessity of It, and the Lesse Advantage of It”, in The Consecration and Succession, of Protestant Bishops Justified. […], Gravenhagh [The Hague]: By John Ramzey, →OCLC, page 54:
text: There was hardly any creature in his habitual world that he was not fond of; teasing them occasionally, of course—all except his uncle, or "Nunc," as Sir Hugo had taught him to say; [...]
ref: 1876, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVI, in Daniel Deronda, volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II (Meeting Streams), pages 310–311:
synonyms: accustomed
customary
glosses: Regular or usual.
examples: text: He’s a habitual chain-smoker.
text: [N]o drunkard (i.e.) no Habituall, Impenitent drunkard, ſhall come into Gods Kingdome.
ref: 1658, Thomas Hall, “[Chap. 3.] Verse 2. For men shall be lovers of themselves, Covetous, Boasters, Proud, Blasphemers, disobedient to Parents, unthankfull, unholy, &c.”, in A Practical and Polemical Commentary: Or, Exposition upon the Third and Fourth Chapters of the Latter Epistle of Saint Paul to Timothy. […], London: Printed by E. Tyler, for John Starkey, […], →OCLC, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LvwqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95 page [95]]:
text: The habitual drunkard, the habitual fornicator, the habitual cheat must be converted. The breaking off a habit, especially when we had placed much of our gratification in it, is alone so great a thing, and such a step in our Christian life, as to merit the name of conversion.
ref: a. 1806, William Paley, W[illiam] Hamilton Reid, “Conversion”, in Beauties Selected from the Writings of the Late William Paley, D.D. Archbishop of Carlisle: […], London: Printed for Sherwood, Neely and Jones, […], published 1810, →OCLC, page 123:
text: Legree was not a habitual drunkard. His coarse, strong nature craved, and could endure, a continual stimulation, that would have utterly wrecked and crazed a finer one. But a deep, underlying spirit of cautiousness prevented his often yielding to appetite in such measure as to lose control of himself.
ref: 1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Emmeline and Cassy”, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume II, Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC, page 224:
text: That the hospitals for the insane be designated as the proper places for the custody, care, and treatment of constitutionally unstable offenders, whether occasional or habitual offenders, and whether feeble-minded, or non-feeble-minded, [...]
ref: 1922 July, “Quotations: Defectives, Criminals, and Misdemeanants”, in J. Harold Williams, editor, The Journal of Delinquency, volume VII, number 4, Whittier, Calif.: California Bureau of Juvenile Research, Whittier State School, →OCLC, page 194:
text: In addition to the dose of caffeine, there are other items that athletes need to be aware of before utilizing caffeine or caffeine-containing products as an ergogenic aid. Habitual caffeine users may respond differently than naïve users [...]. Research indicates that in habitual users, caffeine may increase fat breakdown, but this does not necessarily result in an increase in fat use for energy or an increase in catecholamines or performance.
ref: 2002, Jose Antonio, Jeffrey R. Stout, “Caffeine and Ephedrine”, in Supplements for Endurance Athletes, Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Publishers, →ISBN, page 15:
text: While some novice entrepreneurs have no intention of becoming a habitual entrepreneur, others do. [...] Accordingly, while 'pure' novice entrepreneurs represent the group of novice entrepreneurs that will remain one-time entrepreneurs, 'transient'; novice entrepreneurs will at least attempt to become habitual entrepreneurs.
ref: 2006, Deniz Ucbarasan, Paul Westhead, Mike Wright, “Conclusions”, in Habitual Entrepreneurs, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire; Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar Publishing, →ISBN, page 205:
glosses: Of a person or thing: engaging in some behaviour as a habit or regularly.
examples: text: In English, for instance, the Habitual Aspect (used to construction) can combine freely with Progressive Aspect, to give such forms as used to be playing.
ref: 1976, Bernard Comrie, “Perfective and Imperfective”, in Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics; 2), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1998, →ISBN, section 1.2.1.1 (Habitual and Other Aspectual Values), page 30:
text: The majority of South Arawak, Pareci-Xingu, and Peruvian Arawak languages have a three-fold aspect distinction: completive (completed, perfective or telic action); progressive (action/state in progress; also a durative meaning); and habitual.
ref: 1999, Alexandra Y[urievna] Aikhenvald, “The Arawak Language Family”, in R[obert] M[alcolm] W[ard] Dixon, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, editors, The Amazonian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 6.4 (Other Verbal Categories), page 93:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: consuetudinal
glosses: Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually.
Derived terms: habitual aborter
habitual abortion
habitual aspect
habitual be
habituality
habitualize
habitualise
habitually
habitualness
habitual offender
nonhabitual
unhabitual
Related terms: word: habit
word: habit-forming
word: habituate
word: habituating
word: habituation
word: habituative
word: habitude
word: habitus