peevish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpiːvɪʃ/
ipa: /ˈpivɪʃ/
rhymes: -iːvɪʃ
Forms: form: more peevish
form: most peevish
form: pevish
form: pievish
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English pievish, peuysche, pevish, pevysh (“capricious, wilful; perverse, wayward”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from one of the following:
* From an unattested Old French word, from Latin perversus (“corrupted, perverted, subverted; overthrown”), the perfect passive participle of pervertō (“to corrupt, subvert; to overthrow”), from per- (prefix meaning ‘intensively, thoroughly’) + vertō (“to turn; to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow, subvert”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to rotate; to turn”)). However, the Oxford English Dictionary says this derivation “presents some formal difficulties”.
* From Middle French *expaive + -ish (similar to; somewhat, rather). *Expaive is an unattested variant of Middle French espave, Old French espave (“(adjective) of an animal: stray; of a person: foreign; (noun) flotsam; lost property”) (referring to the behaviour of stray animals; modern French épave), from Latin expavidus (“extremely frightened or horrified”), from ex- (intensifying prefix) + pavidus (“fearful, terrified; quaking, trembling; shy, timid”) (from paveō (“to be afraid; fear; to quake or tremble with fear”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *paw- (“to hit, strike”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’ forming adjectives)).
The adverb is derived from the adjective.
Senses: examples: text: Due to the long wait, there were several peevish patients in the doctor’s waiting room.
text: [T]he nature of religion, […] showeth it consisteth […] not in a peevish crossness and obstinate repugnancy to received laws and customs, but in a quiet and peaceable submission to the express laws of God, and lawful commands of man; […]
ref: a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “Sermon I. The Pleasantness of Religion.”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow. […], volume I, London: A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], published 1830, →OCLC, page 18:
text: This makes his own mind untroubled, and consequently unapt to vent peevish expressions, or give passionate or inconsistent orders to those about him.
ref: 1711 July 14 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “TUESDAY, July 3, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 107; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 78:
text: [T]he luckless Kitty continued in the parlour repining at her fate in terms as unreasonable as her accent was peevish.
ref: 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XVIII, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 214:
text: There is E——, […] querulous and dictatorial, and with a peevish whine in his voice like a beaten school-boy.
ref: 1822, William Hazlitt, “Essay IV. On Coffee-house Politicians.”, in Table-Talk; or, Original Essays, volume II, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Henry Colburn and Co., →OCLC, pages 73–74:
text: Our tragedian was a rough joker off the stage; our prime clown the most peevish mortal living. The latter used to go about snapping and snarling, with a broad laugh painted on his countenance; […] there is no more melancholy creature in existence than a mountebank off duty.
ref: 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Buckthorne, or The Young Man of Great Expectations”, in Tales of a Traveller, part 2 (Buckthorne and His Friends), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC, page 107:
antonyms: unpeevish
glosses: Constantly complaining, especially in a childish way due to insignificant matters; fretful, whiny.
examples: text: I would rather figure things out on my own than ask that peevish librarian for help.
text: The follest slouen ondyr heuen, / Prowde, peuiche, lyddyr, and lewde, / Malapert, medyllar, nothyng well thewde, […]
ref: a. 1530 (date written), John Skelton, “Poems against Garnesche. Skelton Laureate Defendar ageinst Lusty Garnyshe Well Beseen Crystofer Chalangar, et cetera.”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 130, lines 145–147:
english: The foullest sloven under heaven, / Proud, peevish, lither, and lewd, / Malapert, meddler, nothing well thewed, […]
translation: The foullest sloven under heaven, / Proud, peevish, lither, and lewd, / Malapert, meddler, nothing well thewed, […]
bold_translation_offsets: 43
50
text: VVhy ſhould a man vvhoſe blood is vvarme vvithin, / Sit like his Grandſire, cut in Alabaſter? / Sleepe vvhen he vvakes? and creepe into the Iaundies / By beeing peeuiſh?
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], signature A3, recto:
text: VVhat a vvretched and peeuiſh fellow is this King of England, to mope vvith his fat-brain'd follovvers ſo farre out of his knovvledge.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii], page 82, column 2:
text: Gods providence on purpoſe permitted Moſes to fall into this peeviſh paſſion, to manifeſt the vaſt difference betvveen humane and Divine meekneſs.
ref: 1650, Thomas Fuller, “The Wilderness of Paran”, in A Pisgah-sight of Palestine and the Confines thereof, with the History of the Old and New Testament Acted thereon, London: […] J. F. for John Williams […], →OCLC, book IV, paragraph 44, page 57:
text: Some men faſt to mortifie their luſt, and their faſting makes them peeviſh: […]
ref: 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, “[XXVIII Sermons Preached at Golden Grove; Being for the Summer Half-year, […].] Sermon XIV. Of Growth in Grace.”, in ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1654, →OCLC, page 181:
text: Since you are ready to take up reports, and to judge ſo raſhly as you do; I cannot but conclude you are ſome peeviſh, or melancholy Man, not fit to be diſcourſed vvith; and ſo adieu.
ref: 1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, page 118:
text: At first he was quite peevish. "What's the idea," he said, "coming and spoiling a man's beauty-sleep? Get out."
ref: 1915 November, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “The Mixer: I. He Meets a Shy Gentleman.”, in The Man with Two Left Feet and Other Stories, London: Methuen & Co. […], published 1922, →OCLC, page 67:
text: Something has happened to sour February's temper. Such a peevish month. […] A dreary snowstorm is raging and the wind is pursuing tormented wreaths over the hills.
ref: 1927, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, Emily’s Quest, London: McClelland & Stewart, →OCLC, section 4, page 115:
text: They used to tell one about a kid asking his grumpy old man when they were walking to the park, 'What's the name of this flower, Papa?' And the old guy is peevish and he yells, 'How should I know? Am I in the millinery business?'
ref: 1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN, page 487:
synonyms: word: querulous
word: atrabilious
word: liverish
word: bad-tempered
word: fractious
word: bilious
word: bitchy
word: brainish
word: cantankerous
word: carnaptious
word: crabbit
word: crabby
word: cranky
word: crotchety
word: dyspeptic
word: edgy
word: fantoddish
word: fiery
word: fretful
word: grumpy
word: grotchy
word: grouchy
word: hissy
word: hot-livered
word: hot-tempered
word: hotheaded
word: huffy
word: humpy
word: ill-natured
word: ill-tempered
word: irascible
word: irritable
word: out of sorts
word: ornery (chiefly US)}
word: peevish
word: pettish
word: petulant
word: prickly
word: quick-tempered
word: querulous
word: raspy
word: ratty
word: short-tempered
word: snappish
word: snappy
word: snippety
word: snippish
word: snippy
word: snitchy
word: splenetic
word: stressy
word: surly
word: testy
word: tetchy
word: tetty
word: thin-skinned
word: thorny
word: touchy
word: twitchy
word: umbrageous
word: waspish
antonyms: unpeevish
glosses: Quick to become bad-tempered or cross, especially due to insignificant matters; irritable, pettish, petulant.
examples: text: Serene he bears the peeviſh eaſtern blaſt, / And uninfected breaths the mortal South.
ref: 1744, John Armstrong, “Book III. Exercise.”, in The Art of Preserving Health: A Poem, […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 63, lines 30–31:
glosses: Of weather: blustery, windy; also, of wind: cold and strong; bitter, sharp.
glosses: Coy, modest.
examples: text: VVhy vvhat a peeuiſh Foole vvas that of Creet [i.e., Daedalus], / That taught his Sonne [Icarus] the office of a Fovvle, / And yet for all his vvings, the Foole vvas drovvn'd.
ref: c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi], page 171, column 2:
text: Confuſion take ſuch dotage, 'tis but forg'd, / This is your peeuiſh chattering vveake old man.
ref: c. 1626 or 1629–1633 (first performance), [John Ford], ’Tis Pitty Shee’s a Whore […], London: […] Nicholas Okes for Richard Collins, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act V, signature I2, verso:
glosses: Foolish, silly.
examples: text: [The Scots] brent ſome of the English Shippes. With the which victory, they were ſo inflamed with pride, that in deriſion of the king, they made certaine peeuiſhe and mocking rymes vvhich I paſſe ouer.
ref: 1569, Richard Grafton, “The Seuenth Age, and Seuenth Part of this Chronicle. Edwarde the First.”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume I, London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, page 176:
text: Ile home, and ſtarue, this croſſe, this peeuiſh hap, / Strikes dead my ſpirits like a thunderclap.
ref: 1600 (date written), [John Marston], Iacke Drums Entertainment: Or The Comedie of Pasquill and Katherine. […], London: […] [Thomas Creede] for Richard Oliue [i.e., Oliff], […], published 1601, →OCLC, Act II, signature D2, verso:
synonyms: word: harmful
word: damaging
word: deleterious
word: detrimental
word: hurtful
word: inimical
word: injurious
word: mischievous
word: nocent
word: nocuous
word: noxious
word: noisome
word: prejudicial
word: scathand
word: scathel
word: sullen
word: venom
glosses: Harmful, injurious; also, mischievous; or malicious, spiteful.
examples: text: [T]heſe women be all ſuche madde pieuiſhe elues / They will not be wonne except it pleaſe them ſelues.
ref: c. 1552 (date written), Nicholas Udall, [Ralph Roister Doister], [London]: [s.n.], published 1566?; republished as Edward Arber, editor, Roister Doister. […] (English Reprints), London: Muir & Paterson, […], 24 July 1869, →OCLC, Act III, scene iii, page 46:
text: VVhy this it is, to be a peeuiſh Girle, / That flies her fortune vvhen it follovves her: […]
ref: c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 36, column 2:
glosses: Impulsive and unpredictable; capricious, fickle.
examples: text: But ſuche as will perſyſt ſtyll in theyr wylfulneſſe, I muſt nedes iudge not only foliſhe, froward and obstynate: but also peuiſhe, peruerſe and indurate.
ref: 1540, Thomas [Cranmer], “A Prologue or Preface Made by the Most Reuerende Father in God, Thomas Archbyshop of Cantorbury, Metropolytan and Prymate of Englande”, in The Byble in Englishe, that is, The Olde and New Testament, after the Translacion Appoynted to bee Read in the Churches [The Great Bible], London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, published 31 December 1549 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC, signature **:
english: The Great Bible
translation: The Great Bible
text: Nothing is ſo great an enemie to a ſounde iudgment, as the pride of a péeuiſh conceit, which cauſeth a man both in life and beliefe, either to ſnatch vppe or hatch newfangles.
ref: 1589, T[homas] Nashe, The Anatomie of Absurditie: […], London: […] I[ohn] Charlewood for Thomas Hacket, […], →OCLC, signature E.ii., recto:
text: But, the main end for vvhich this deſert may ſeem ordained, vvas, that therein God and the Iſraelites might for forty years mutually prove one another. And upon triall, they appeared a peeviſh, frovvard, ſtubborn people.
ref: 1650, Thomas Fuller, “The Wilderness of Paran”, in A Pisgah-sight of Palestine and the Confines thereof, with the History of the Old and New Testament Acted thereon, London: […] J. F. for John Williams […], →OCLC, book IV, paragraph 3, page 44:
synonyms: word: adamant
word: ardent
word: bent on
word: bloody-minded
word: bullheaded
word: certain
word: chronic
word: confirmed
word: determined
word: diehard
word: dogged
word: hard-hearted
word: hard-nosed
word: hardheaded
word: headstrong
word: immovable
word: incalcitrant
word: inflexible
word: irrefragable
word: insistent
word: intractable
word: intransigent
word: intrepid
word: inveterate
word: mulish
word: obdurate
word: obstinate
word: obstreperous
word: peevish
word: peremptory
word: persistent
word: pertinacious
word: pigheaded
word: recalcitrant
word: refractory
word: resolute
word: resolved
word: rigid
word: self-willed
word: stalwart
word: staunch
word: steadfast
word: steady
word: stubborn
word: stubborn as a mule
word: sullen
word: tenacious
word: terminal
word: thran
word: thwart
word: tough
word: truculent
word: unbending
word: uncompromising
word: unyielding
word: vehement
word: wilful
word: willful
glosses: Obstinately in the wrong; perverse, stubborn.
examples: text: The dredfull dinne droue all the rowte on a rowe; / Some tremblid, some girnid, some gaspid, some gasid, / As people halfe peuysshe, or men that were masyd.
ref: 1523, John Skelton, “A Ryght Delectable Tratyse vpon a Goodly Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell, […]”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 372, lines 264–266:
text: And whan Peter knocked at the wicket of the gate whyche was towardes the ſtreate ſyde, a lytle mayden came foorthe ſoftely to harken what the matter was. Her name was Rhoda. Whome Peter perceyuyng to come to the doore, wylled her ſpedely to open the doore. Whan ſhe heard Peters voice, beeying halfe amaſed for ſoddayn ioye, did not open the doore, but runnyng backe agayne into the houſe, broughte them woorde that Peter was at the doore. But they beeyng well aſſured howe ſafe Herode [Agrippa] had cauſed Peter to bee kepte, aunſwered to the mayden, Surely thou arte peuyſhe.
ref: 1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Erasmus, “The Actes of the Apostles. The .xii. Chapter.”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio xlvii, recto:
text: There vvas neuer any ſo peeuiſh to imagin the Moone eyther capable of affection, or ſhape of a Miſtris: […]
ref: c. 1588 (date written; published 1591), [John Lyly], Endimion, the Man in the Moone. […], London: […] I[ohn] Charlewood, for the widdowe Broome, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, signature B, recto:
glosses: Out of one's mind; mad.
examples: text: The Lords Supper and your peeviſh, popiſh private maſſe doe agree together like God and the divell, Chriſt and Beliall, light and darkneſſe, truth and falſehood, […]
ref: 1563 (date written), Thomas Bec[c]on, “[A Comparison between the Lords Supper and the Popish Masse]”, in The Displaying of the Popish Masse: […], London: […] A[nne] G[riffin] for the Company of Stationers, published 1637, →OCLC, page 299:
glosses: Of a thing: evoking a feeling of distaste, horror, etc.
examples: text: The word peeviſh among the vulgar of Scotland is uſed for niggardly, covetous; in the North of England, for vvitty, ſubtile.
ref: [1710, [Thomas Ruddiman], “[A Glossary or Alphabetical Explanation of the Hard and Difficult Words in Gavin Douglas’s Translation of Virgil’s Æneis.] Peuis.”, in Virgil, translated by Gawin Douglas [i.e., Gavin Douglas], Virgil’s Æneis, Translated into Scottish Verse, […], new edition, Edinburgh: […] Mr. Andrew Symson, and Mr. Robert Freebairn, […], →OCLC, [signature N2, verso], column 1:
glosses: Clever, skilful.
Synonyms: word: bemoaning
word: carping
word: complaining
word: fretful
word: gripeful
word: gripey
word: grotchy
topics: lifestyle
word: grouchy
word: grumbling
word: grumpy
word: knappish
word: kvetchy
word: mardy
word: moaning
word: noodgy
word: peevish
word: pettish
word: plaintful
word: querulous
word: sooky
word: spleeny
word: sulky
word: whingy
word: whining
word: whiny
Hypernyms: word: discontented
word: resentful
word: sad
word: unhappy
word: unsatisfied
Hyponyms: word: hypochondriacal
word: vapourish
word: captious
word: caviling
word: critical
word: fastidious
word: faultfinding
word: hypercritical
word: nitpicky
word: pettifoging
Derived terms: word: impeevish
word: impeevished
word: peeve
word: peevishly
word: peevishness
word: unpeevish
Related terms: word: complain
word: complainer
word: cheerless
word: irritable