cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
gaff
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæf/
rhymes: -æf
homophone: gaffe
Forms: form: gaffs
form: gaffing
form: gaffed
form: gaffed
Etymology: From Middle English gaffe, from Old French gaffe, from Old Occitan gaf (“hook”), derivative of gafar (“to seize”), from 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban, “to give”). Doublet of gaffe.
Sense 5 apparently derives from the idea that the garment tricks or deceives others about the wearer's genitalia.
Senses: examples: text: I stepped out and advanced valiantly upon a long-maned bull in the midst of his wives. I was armed with the regular club with which the boat-pullers killed the wounded seals gaffed aboard by the hunters.
ref: 1904, Jack London, chapter 30, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
glosses: To use a gaff, especially to land a fish.
glosses: To cheat or hoax.
examples: text: When the operator began losing, he gaffed the wheel and then the patron had no chance to win. With his secret device an experienced grifter could stop the wheel at will on any number.
ref: 1993, Betty Lou Wolfe, Marian Jean Gray, The Way We Were: Reflections from the 1930's, page 23:
text: However, this apathy will quickly disappear if it is learned the friendly game involves marked (gaffed) cards.
ref: 1977, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, volume 46, number 9, page 8:
text: You will be using gaffed cards: a double faced card.
ref: 1989, Penn & Teller's Cruel Tricks for Dear Friends, page 96:
glosses: To doctor or modify for deceptive purposes.
glosses: To gamble, especially by tossing coins.
examples: text: I gaffed down the sleeves to my lens hoods instead of just relying on the drawstring to hold it in place.
ref: 2013 July 19, Kai-Huei Yau, “Shoot before you dye”, in Tri-City Herald, archived from the original on 20 Feb 2020:
glosses: To affix gaffer tape to, or cover with gaffer tape.
Derived terms: gaffer
gaff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæf/
rhymes: -æf
homophone: gaffe
Etymology: Perhaps from Old English gafsprǣc (“buffoonery, scurrility; blasphemous or ribald speech”), from Old English gaf (“base, vile, lewd”) + Old English sprǣc (“language, speech, talk”). Compare Old English gaffetung, gafettung (“scoffing, mockery, derision”).
Senses: examples: text: "Numbers one, two, and five engines have broken down, sir," he called. "Shall we force the remaining three?" / "We can do nothing else," I bellowed into the transmitter. / "They won't stand the gaff, sir," he returned. / "Can you suggest a better plan?" I asked. / "No, sir," he replied. / "Then give them the gaff, lieutenant," I shouted back, and hung up the receiver.
ref: 1916, Edgar Rice Burrows, Beyond Thirty (aka The Lost Continent), HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008:
glosses: Rough or harsh treatment; criticism.
glosses: An outcry; nonsense.
Derived terms: blow the gaff
gaffle
shandygaff
gaff off
Related terms: gaffe
gaff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæf/
rhymes: -æf
homophone: gaffe
Forms: form: gaffs
form: gaf
Etymology: Unknown. Possibly from Etymology 1, via a sense of “a place that will be robbed” in criminal argot; possibly from Etymology 2, via a sense of "cheap theatre"; possibly from Romani gav (“village”) (whence German Kaff (“village”)).
Senses: examples: text: We're going round to Mike's gaff later to watch the footie.
text: "Steady on, mate. How was I to know this was your gaff? I was lookin' for somewhere to kip."
ref: 1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 56:
text: And like I said, I was so fuck-faced that I forgot I'd moved and let myself back into my old gaff.
ref: 1993, Tristan Hawkins, Pepper, London: Flamingo, →ISBN, page 106:
text: Am I alone in feeling smug (if slatternly) about the news that super-clean homes are a breeding ground for infection? Apparently, all that bleach is bad not just for germs but for children's immune systems, too, and paradoxically causes more disease than it prevents. Not round my gaff. Oh no. My standards of housekeeping are so abysmally low that my eldest daughter was three years old before she even developed a temperature.
ref: 2015 April 4, Judith Woods, “I knew it! Spring cleaning is bad for your family's health [print version: Vindicated at last! It's healthier to be a slatternly housewife, p. 28]”, in The Daily Telegraph, archived from the original on 09 Apr 2015:
text: Man will enter the gaf with crown
Gun shot spin his head right round
ref: 2019 April 30, “The Godfather”, Ink (lyrics), 0:37–0:40:
text: The term ‘free gaf’ is music to any teenage ears in Dublin, while the term ‘wreak the gaf’ should fill any parent with dread. The term ‘gaf’ means ‘house,’ so when parents are away […]
ref: 2019 November 7, Erike Sanker, “20 mad Dublin slang phrases that only make sense to locals”, in Ireland Before You Die (IB4UD):
qualifier: especially Dublin; Manchester; especially Dublin; Manchester
glosses: A place of residence.
examples: text: Significantly, the setting is a gaff, a low, illegal theatre, and not one of the legitimate East-End stages.
ref: 2004, Kerry Powell, The Cambridge Companion to Victorian and Edwardian Theatre, page 273:
glosses: A disreputable, low-end theatre.
gaff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡæf/
rhymes: -æf
homophone: gaffe
Senses: examples: text: She bought a roll of black gaff to tape down the loose cords.
glosses: Clipping of gaffer tape.
blazar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbleɪ.zɑɹ/
rhymes: -eɪzɑː(ɹ)
Forms: form: blazars
Etymology: Blend of B + L + Lac + quasar. Coined by astronomer Edward Spiegel in 1978 from BL Lac object and quasar, punning blazing from its optical presentation compared to usual quasars. By surface analysis, blaze + -ar.
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A very compact quasar, associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of an active galaxy.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: An object which is either an optically violent variable quasar (OVV quasar) or a BL Lac object or which has properties of both.
Hypernyms: word: active galaxy
english: active galactic nucleus
translation: active galactic nucleus
word: AGN
word: quasar
Related terms: blazer
blackshirt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blackshirts
form: Blackshirt
Etymology: From black + shirt, calque of Italian camicia nera.
Senses: synonyms: squadrista
glosses: A uniformed member of a paramilitary wing of the Italian Fascist Party.
synonyms: fascist
glosses: Any member of a fascist party.
Related terms: Blueshirt
Brownshirt
greenshirt
Brownshirt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Brownshirts
form: brownshirt
form: Brown shirt
form: brown shirt
Etymology: Calque of German Braunhemd, the nickname for a member of the Sturmabteilung, in reference to their brown uniforms. Equivalent to brown + shirt.
Senses: examples: text: A heavy arched door was pouring a raucous and lurching party of Brownshirts on to the trampled snow. […] Half-way up the vaulted stairs a groaning Brownshirt, propped against the wall on a swastika'd arm, was unloosing, in a staunchless gush down the steps, the intake of hours.
ref: 1977, Patrick Leigh Fermor, “The Munich Hofbräuhaus”, in A Time of Gifts:
glosses: A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.
glosses: Any member of a fascist party; any person accused of being neofascist or neo-Nazi.
Derived terms: digital brownshirt
Related terms: Blackshirt
Blueshirt
greenshirt
Blueshirt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Blueshirts
Etymology: From blue + shirt.
Senses: glosses: A member of an Irish fascist organization led by Eoin O'Duffy.
glosses: Any person accused of supporting right-wing Irish nationalism or fascism.
glosses: A member of Ireland's Fine Gael political party, which O'Duffy's followers joined after their own organization was dissolved.
topics: hobbies
ice-hockey
lifestyle
skating
sports
glosses: A member of the National Hockey League's New York Rangers, named for the blue sweaters they wear in away games.
glosses: A member of the paramilitary wing of the Kuomintang during Chiang Kai-shek's rule of the Republic of China.
Related terms: Blackshirt
Brownshirt
greenshirt
Purpleshirt
Yellowshirt
unalike
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌʌnəˈlaɪk/
rhymes: -aɪk
Forms: form: more unalike
form: most unalike
Etymology: From un- + alike.
Senses: glosses: of an unlike kind; different
Derived terms: unalikeness
greenshirt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: greenshirts
Etymology: Bahuvrihi compound of green + shirt. Compare Brownshirt in Nazi sense.
Senses: glosses: A member of Canada's Social Credit Party, which was thought by its opponents to resemble a fascist movement, at least in its style and presentation.
glosses: A member of the Iron Guard death squads in Romania.
Related terms: Blackshirt
Brownshirt
Blueshirt
letteral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From letter + -al. The Lojban sense was coined by James Cooke Brown by analogy with numeral.
Senses: glosses: Referring to a type of musical notation used by Shakers, based on letters instead of notes.
examples: text: [A certain effect is achieved] by a letter, by “old man R”, as the master agent is alone named[…]Thus, when Hitchcock repeats certain names and syllabic or even letteral patterns across his films, they appear to link up in active networks[…]Such repetitions isolate specific signifiers—individual letters or letteral clusters, sounds[…], visual “puns”, and citations—which may operate like monadic and nomadic switchboards whose proliferation continues to alter the afterlife not only of the film texts themselves[…]but the literary or cultural mnemonics that they have become embedded in.
ref: 2001, Tom Cohen, “Political Thrillers: Hitchcock, de Man, and Secret Agency in the "Aesthetic State"”, in Material events: Paul de Man and the afterlife of theory, page 117:
glosses: Regarding letters of the alphabet.
letteral
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: letterals
Etymology: From letter + -al. The Lojban sense was coined by James Cooke Brown by analogy with numeral.
Senses: examples: text: In order to avoid the character of being slovenly, always read the lines as composed. This should be done as soon as they are finished and before spacing out; in time the habit will become so fixed, that in spacing out, or even in composing the line, the eye will wander over the words, and detect any letterals.
ref: 1898, Charles Thomas Jacobi, Printing: A Practical Treatise on the Art of Typography as Applied More Particularly to the Printing of Books, pages 57–58:
text: LITERALS type characters: to read proof for literals is to read letter for letter, watching for proper spelling, punctuation, etc., as well as for typos: formerly spelled letterals.
ref: [1971, Ruth Kimball Kent, The Language of Journalism: A Glossary of Print-communications Terms, page 82:
topics: media
printing
publishing
glosses: Obsolete form of literal (“a misprint that affects a letter”).
glosses: The name of a letter, such as gy. for the letter G.
Related terms: literal
conformity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈfɔɹmɪti/
ipa: /kənˈfɔːmɪti/
Forms: form: conformities
Etymology: From Middle French conformité.
Senses: synonyms: word: homogeneity
word: uniformity
word: conformity
word: homogeneousness
word: homogeneity
word: regularity
word: uniformity
word: uniformness
glosses: The state of things being similar or identical.
glosses: A point of resemblance; a similarity.
synonyms: compliance
conformance
glosses: The state of being conforming, of complying with a set of rules, with a norm or standard.
examples: text: How far should one accept the rules of the society in which one lives? To put it another way: at what point does conformity become corruption? Only by answering such questions does the conscience truly define itself.
ref: 1967, Tynan, Kenneth, Tynan Right and Left:
glosses: The ideology of adhering to one standard or social uniformity.
Synonyms: word: abidance
word: accordance
word: acquiescence
word: adherence
word: complacence
word: complaisance
word: compliance
word: compliancy
word: conformance
word: conformity
word: keeping
word: sufferance
Hyponyms: word: hypercompliance
word: overcompliance
word: undercompliance
word: docility
word: obedience
word: obsequiousness
Derived terms: anticonformity
disconformity
hyperconformity
inconformity
nonconformity
osmoconformity
oxyconformity
paraconformity
preconformity
pseudoconformity
semiconformity
thermoconformity
unconformity
Related terms: conform
conformance
conformism
confirm
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈfɜːm/
ipa: /kənˈfɝm/
note: Indic
ipa: /kənˈfə(ɾ)m/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: confirms
form: confirming
form: confirmed
form: confirmed
form: confirme
Etymology: From Middle English confirmen, confermen, from Old French confermer, from Latin cōnfirmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, establish”), from con- (“together”) + firmāre (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”).
Senses: glosses: To strengthen; to make firm or resolute.
examples: text: She pulled through with the boy till he was confirmed; but then she told him that she could not feed him any longer; he would have to go out and earn his own bread.
ref: 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 215:
text: Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII, was baptized and confirmed at the age of three days.
ref: 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 35:
topics: Christianity
glosses: To administer the sacrament of confirmation on (someone).
examples: text: Despite all the evidence confirming the existence of the Protheans, little is known about their culture and society. From time to time, dig sites will yield new clues, but after 50,000 years of decay, little of value is unearthed.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Protheans: Data Discs Codex entry:
text: The little green men were clearly professional soldiers by their bearing, carried Russian weapons, and wore Russian combat fatigues, but they had no identifying insignia. Vladimir Putin originally denied they were Russian soldiers; that April, he confirmed they were.
ref: 2019 March 18, Steven Pifer, Five years after Crimea’s illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution, The Center for International Security and Cooperation:
text: Transport Minister Marples, meanwhile, used arrogant rhetoric and showed his personal contempt for railways when confirming in Parliament that a third of the network was to be closed even before the survey results were known.
ref: 2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 53:
glosses: To assure the accuracy of previous statements.
examples: text: The Senate must confirm federal court appointments.
glosses: To approve a proposal or nomination.
Derived terms: autoconfirm
confirmable
confirmance
confirmative
confirmee
confirmingly
deconfirm
misconfirm
preconfirm
reconfirm
unconfirm
Related terms: confirmability
confirmation
verify
corroborate
establish
prove
confirm
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈfɜːm/
ipa: /kənˈfɝm/
note: Indic
ipa: /kənˈfə(ɾ)m/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: confirme
Etymology: From Middle English confirmen, confermen, from Old French confermer, from Latin cōnfirmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, establish”), from con- (“together”) + firmāre (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”).
Senses: examples: text: This is confirm not my handwriting.
text: That ex-lecturer-to-be confirm gone case liao.
ref: 2006, DanielS, soc.culture.singapore (Usenet):
glosses: For sure, definitely.
Derived terms: confirm plus chop
confirmation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: [ˌkʰɑɱ.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]
ipa: /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: [ˌkʰɒɱ.fəˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]
note: Indic
ipa: /kənfə(ɾ)ˈmeʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: confirmations
Etymology: From Middle English confirmacioun, from Old French confirmacion, from Latin cōnfirmātiō, noun of process from cōnfirmātus (“confirmed”), perfect passive participle of cōnfirmāre, from con- (“with”) + firmāre (“to firm or strengthen”).
Morphologically confirm + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: We will send you a written confirmation of your hotel booking.
glosses: An official indicator that things will happen as planned.
examples: text: The announcement in the newspaper was a confirmation of my suspicions.
text: They declare ringing confirmation for their theories even in the face of feeble data.
ref: 1999 March 20, Natalie Angiers, The Guardian:
text: The thing is, we've even had formal confirmation from Government itself that the crucial research required to make such sweeping claims hasn't been done!
ref: 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:
glosses: A verification that something is true or has happened.
examples: text: You got a nice white dress / and a party on your confirmation. / You've got a brand new soul, / mm, and a cross of gold.
ref: 1977, “Only the Good Die Young”, in Billy Joel (music), The Stranger:
glosses: A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches.
topics: law
glosses: An act whereby something conditional or voidable is made sure and unavoidable, especially the possession of an estate.
Derived terms: autoconfirmation
confirmation bias
confirmation name
deconfirmation
delivery confirmation
disconfirmation
gender confirmation surgery
nonconfirmation
preconfirmation
reconfirmation
Related terms: confirm
confirmational
transform
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: trănsfômʹ
enpr: tränsfômʹ
ipa: /tɹænsˈfɔːm/
ipa: /tɹɑːnsˈfɔːm/
enpr: trănsfôrmʹ
ipa: /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/
Forms: form: transforms
form: transforming
form: transformed
form: transformed
form: xform
Etymology: From Middle English transformen, from Old French transformer, from Latin transformo, transformare, from trans (“across”, preposition) + forma (“form”).
Senses: examples: text: The alchemists sought to transform lead into gold.
text: Love may transform me to an oyster.
ref: 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:
text: Creating a complete map of the human connectome would therefore be a monumental milestone but not the end of the journey to understanding how our brains work. The achievement will transform neuroscience and serve as the starting point for asking questions we could not otherwise have answered, […].
ref: 2012 March-April, Terrence J. Sejnowski, “Well-connected Brains”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 27 Apr 2017, page 171:
text: Among its findings, the report says: "In recent years we have seen more stations transformed from run-down Victorian hulks, or spartan bus-sheltered platforms, into places that people can take pride in, feel comfortable in using, and which are fulfilling more of their wider potential.
ref: 2020 August 26, “Network News: Stations investment boosts regeneration, says report”, in Rail, page 17:
synonyms: convert
make over
transmogrify
transmute
hypernyms: alter
change
glosses: To change greatly the appearance or form of.
examples: text: Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:2:
synonyms: transmogrify
transmute
hypernyms: alter
change
translate
glosses: To change the nature, condition or function of; to change in nature, disposition, heart, character, etc.; to convert.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: To subject to a transformation; to change into another form without altering the value.
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: To subject to the action of a transformer.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: To subject (a cell) to transformation.
synonyms: transmogrify
transmute
hypernyms: alter
change
glosses: To undergo a transformation; to change in appearance or character.
Derived terms: transformer
Related terms: transformation
transformative
transform
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: trănsʹfôm
enpr: tränsʹfôm
ipa: /ˈtɹænsfɔːm/
ipa: /ˈtɹɑːnsfɔːm/
enpr: trănsʹfôrm
ipa: /ˈtɹænsfɔɹm/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)m
Forms: form: transforms
form: xform
Etymology: From Middle English transformen, from Old French transformer, from Latin transformo, transformare, from trans (“across”, preposition) + forma (“form”).
Senses: topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
glosses: An operation (often an integration) that converts one function into another.
glosses: A function so produced.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
seismology
glosses: A transform fault.
Derived terms: black top-hat transform
Borel transform
bottom-hat transform
Box-Muller transform
Burrows-Wheeler transform
discrete Fourier transform
discrete transform
fast Fourier transform
Fourier-Mukai transform
Fourier transform
fractal transform
Gabor transform
Hadamard transform
Hartley transform
hit-or-miss transform
Hough transform
integral transform
inverse Fourier transform
Laplace transform
Mellin transform
Mojette transform
Penrose transform
Radon transform
top-hat transform
transform and roll out
Walsh transform
white top-hat transform
Z-transform
Related terms: transformable
transformance
transformant
transformate
transformation
transformational
transformative
transformed
transformer
transforming
transformism
transformist
transformity
transformation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌtɹæns.fə(ɹ)ˈmeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌtɹæns.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: transformations
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English transformacioun, from Middle French, from Ecclesiastical Latin trānsfōrmātiō. Morphologically transform + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: undergo a radical transformation
text: Over the past two centuries, the railway has become a force of economic and social transformation connecting towns and cities, carrying ideas and ambitions. One place to experience this change was Swindon. With the arrival of Brunel's Great Western Railway, Swindon began a remarkable transformation as what had been a modest market town quickly became a centre of industrial activity.
ref: 2025 October 1, Richard Evans, “The value of the railway effect”, in RAIL, number 1045, page 58:
glosses: The act of transforming or the state of being transformed.
glosses: A marked change in appearance or character, especially one for the better.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: The replacement of the variables in an algebraic expression by their values in terms of another set of variables; a mapping of one space onto another or onto itself; a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A rule that systematically converts one syntactic form into another; a sentence derived by such a rule.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The alteration of a bacterial cell caused by the transfer of DNA from another, especially if pathogenic.
topics: government
politics
glosses: The transition from the apartheid era to a multiracial democracy in South Africa.
Synonyms: metamorphosis
shapeshifting
transmogrification
transmutation
transfiguration
Derived terms: affine transformation
agro-transformation
autotransformation
backtransformation
biotransformation
Bogoliubov transformation
Bogoliubov-Valatin transformation
Cartesian natural transformation
cotransformation
cryotransformation
detransformation
digital transformation
electrotransformation
Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation
heat of transformation
Helmert transformation
Hjelmslev transformation
Holstein-Primakoff transformation
Hosaka-Cohen transformation
Landen's transformation
Legendre transformation
linear transformation
Lorentz transformation
mansformation
mistransformation
Möbius transformation
natural transformation
neurotransformation
phototransformation
phytotransformation
retransformation
supertransformation
transduction
transformational
transformationism
transformationist
transformation matrix
Tschirnhausen transformation
Tschirnhaus transformation
Tseytin transformation
Related terms: transform
characteristically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more characteristically
form: most characteristically
Etymology: From characteristic + -ally.
Senses: examples: text: The threat the most radical of them pose is evidently far greater at home than abroad: in one characteristically slick and chilling Isis video – entitled “a message to the Jordanian tyrant” – a smiling, long-haired young man in black pats the explosive belt round his waist as he burns his passport and his fellow fighters praise the memory of Zarqawi, who was killed in Iraq in 2006.
ref: 2014 November 27, Ian Black, “Courts kept busy as Jordan works to crush support for Isis”, in The Guardian:
text: Valentine’s Day means different things for different people. For Homer, it means forking over a hundred dollars for a dusty box of chocolates at the Kwik-E-Mart after characteristically forgetting the holiday yet again. For Ned, it’s another opportunity to prove his love for his wife. Most germane to the episode, for Lisa, Valentine’s Day means being the only person in her entire class to give Ralph a Valentine after noticing him looking crestfallen and alone at his desk.
ref: 2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
text: There, characteristically, he refused to be carried on a stretcher, saying he was too heavy for nurses. He walked in with their support.
ref: 2022 January 12, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, in RAIL, number 948, page 43:
glosses: In a usual or expected way; in characteristic manner.
Related terms: characteristic
justification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: justifications
Etymology: From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.
Senses: glosses: A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.
examples: text: […] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.
ref: 1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
topics: Christianity
glosses: The forgiveness of sin.
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).
Derived terms: justificational
justificationism
justificationist
overjustification
rejustification
self-justification
Related terms: acquittal
exculpation
justify
warrantedness
worthwhileness
cumulative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/
ipa: /ˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪtɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /kjʊm(j)ʊˈleʈɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkjum(j)ʊˌletɪv/
Forms: form: more cumulative
form: most cumulative
Etymology: From cumulate + -ive. Compare also French cumulatif, Italian cumulativo and Spanish cumulativo.
Senses: glosses: Incorporating all current and previous data up to the present or at the time of measuring or collating.
examples: text: As for knowledge which man receiveth by teaching, it is cumulative, not original.
ref: 1605, Francis Bacon, “(please specify |book=1 or 2)”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC:
text: The argument […] is in very truth not logical and single, but moral and cumulative.
ref: 1850, Richard Chenevix Trench, Notes on the Miracles of Our Lord:
glosses: That is formed by an accumulation of successive additions.
examples: text: cumulative conjunctions like and, both…and and as well as
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: That is formed by an accumulation of successive additions.
Adding one statement to another.
glosses: That tends to accumulate.
topics: business
finance
glosses: Having priority rights to receive a dividend that accrue until paid.
examples: text: The state wants to bring in ten blood-spatter experts to testify. Your Honor, that is cumulative testimony.
topics: law
glosses: (of evidence, witnesses, etc.) Intended to illustrate an argument that has already been demonstrated excessively.
Derived terms: cume
cumulative distribution function
cumulative effect
cumulative error
cumulatively
cumulativeness
cumulative voting
noncumulative
Related terms: cumulate
credibility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/
Forms: form: credibilities
Etymology: Borrowed from French crédibilité, from Medieval Latin credibilitas, from Latin credibilis. By surface analysis, credible + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: After weeks of blowing smoke, her credibility with me was next to nil.
text: The inability of Trump's own spokespeople to speak authoritatively on the president's thinking and actions -- a challenge even Trump himself has acknowledged -- has left the White House with an enormous credibility gap, and has tarnished the reputations of many of its most visible spokespeople.
ref: 2017 May 16, Dylan Byers, “Does anyone in Trump's White House have credibility?”, in CNN Business:
text: The 'partygate' controversy has played a major part in undermining the credibility of Boris Johnson and his Government and has led to calls from senior MPs for him to resign.
ref: 2022 January 26, “Network News: DfT awaits verdict on COVID 'partygate' scandal”, in RAIL, number 949, page 6:
glosses: Reputation impacting one's ability to be believed.
topics: law
glosses: Believability of statements by a witness, as measured by whether the testimony is probable or improbable when judged by common experience.
Synonyms: sense: reputation impacting one's ability to be believed
word: believability
sense: reputation impacting one's ability to be believed
word: personal capital
Coordinate terms: cred
Derived terms: credibility gap
noncredibility
street credibility
Related terms: credence
credible
credit
credence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹiː.dəns/
ipa: /ˈkɹi.dəns/
ipa: [ˈkɹi.ɾəns]
ipa: /ˈkɹiː.dəns/
rhymes: -iːdəns
Forms: form: credences
Etymology: From Middle English credence, from Old French credence, from Medieval Latin crēdentia (“belief, faith”), from Latin crēdēns, present active participle of crēdō (“loan, confide in, trust, believe”). Compare French croyance, French créance, Italian credenza, Portuguese crença, Romanian credință, Spanish creencia. Doublet of credenza.
Senses: examples: text: Based on the scientific data, I give credence to this hypothesis.
glosses: Acceptance of a belief or claim as true, especially on the basis of evidence.
examples: text: He presented us with a letter of credence.
glosses: Credential or supporting material for a person or claim.
topics: lifestyle
religion
synonyms: credence table
glosses: A small table or credenza used in certain Christian religious services.
glosses: A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly one intended for the display of rich vessels or plate on open shelves.
examples: text: My credence in the proposition is around 90%.
glosses: A subjective probability estimate of a belief or claim.
Derived terms: lend credence to
noncredence
Related terms: credential
credibility
credence
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹiː.dəns/
ipa: /ˈkɹi.dəns/
ipa: [ˈkɹi.ɾəns]
ipa: /ˈkɹiː.dəns/
rhymes: -iːdəns
Forms: form: credences
form: credencing
form: credenced
form: credenced
Etymology: From Middle English credence, from Old French credence, from Medieval Latin crēdentia (“belief, faith”), from Latin crēdēns, present active participle of crēdō (“loan, confide in, trust, believe”). Compare French croyance, French créance, Italian credenza, Portuguese crença, Romanian credință, Spanish creencia. Doublet of credenza.
Senses: glosses: To give credence to; to believe.
auction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ôk'shən
ipa: /ˈɔːkʃən/
ipa: /ˈɔkʃən/
ipa: /ˈɑkʃən/
rhymes: -ɔːkʃən
enpr: ŏk'shən
ipa: /ˈɔkʃən/
rhymes: -ɒkʃən
Forms: form: auctions
Etymology: From Latin auctiō (“an increase, auction”), from Latin augere (“to increase”).
Senses: examples: text: Auctions come in a wide variety. In a “Dutch auction”, often used to sell flowers and fruit, prices start high and gradually drop until a bidder is willing to pay up. A “Japanese auction” is a bit like poker: bids rise with each round and anyone who wants to win must bid every time. Vendors using auctions rid themselves of the headache of choosing prices and instead just pick the rules bidders must follow.
ref: 2014 July 12, “Competition, hammered”, in The Economist, volume 412, number 8895:
glosses: A public event where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder.
topics: bridge
games
glosses: The first stage of a deal, in which players bid to determine the final contract.
Synonyms: roup sale
Derived terms: auctionable
auction block
auction bridge
auction call
auctioneer
auctioneeress
auctioner
auction-goer
auctiongoer
auction house
auctionlike
auction pitch
auction theory
candle auction
cyberauction
dollar auction
Dutch auction
e-auction
jam auction
knockout auction
midauction
nonauction
penny auction
postauction
preauction
re-auction
reauction
silent auction
slave auction
Vickrey auction
Related terms: augment
auction
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: ôk'shən
ipa: /ˈɔːkʃən/
ipa: /ˈɔkʃən/
ipa: /ˈɑkʃən/
rhymes: -ɔːkʃən
enpr: ŏk'shən
ipa: /ˈɔkʃən/
rhymes: -ɒkʃən
Forms: form: auctions
form: auctioning
form: auctioned
form: auctioned
Etymology: From Latin auctiō (“an increase, auction”), from Latin augere (“to increase”).
Senses: glosses: To sell at an auction.
Derived terms: auctionability
auctioneer
auction off
unauctioned
Related terms: bid
bidder
perceive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈsiːv/
ipa: /pɚˈsiv/
rhymes: -iːv
Forms: form: perceives
form: perceiving
form: perceived
form: perceived
form: perceave
Etymology: From Middle English perceyven, borrowed from Old French percevoir, perceveir, from Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”); see capable. Compare conceive, deceive, receive.
Senses: examples: text: Go from the presence of a foolish man, when thou perceivest not in him the lips of knowledge.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 14:7:
text: Numerous experimental tests and other observations have been offered in favor of animal mind reading, and although many scientists are skeptical, others assert that humans are not the only species capable of representing what others do and don’t perceive and know.
ref: 2012 March-April, Colin Allen, “Do I See What You See?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 26 Apr 2012, page 168:
glosses: To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand.
examples: text: John was perceived to be a coward by his comrades
glosses: To interpret something in a particular way.
Synonyms: word: ken
word: discern
word: make out
word: perceive
word: percept
word: sensate
word: sense
Hypernyms: word: detect
Hyponyms: word: feel
word: hear
word: olfact
word: taste
word: see
Derived terms: misperceive
nonperceiving
overperceive
perceivable
perceivance
perceiver
perceivingly
perceivingness
preperceive
reperceive
underperceive
unperceiving
Related terms: perception
percept
perceptive
unequal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌnˈiːkwəl/
rhymes: -iːkwəl
Forms: form: more unequal
form: most unequal
form: unæqual
form: unequall
form: unæquall
Etymology: From Middle English unequale, equivalent to un- + equal. Compare German unegal (“unlevel, uneven”).
Senses: glosses: Not the same.
glosses: Out of balance.
examples: text: unequal to the task
glosses: Inadequate; insufficiently capable or qualified.
examples: text: Her manner to Francesca was very unequal. Sometimes it had all the frankness of their early intimacy; at other times it was forbidding, and even petulant.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 1:
glosses: Erratic, inconsistent.
Synonyms: word: disparate
word: unequal
word: uneven
Hyponyms: word: inferior
word: superior
Derived terms: unequal treaty
Related terms: word: overbalanced
word: unbalanced
unequal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌnˈiːkwəl/
rhymes: -iːkwəl
Forms: form: unequals
form: unæqual
form: unequall
form: unæquall
Etymology: From Middle English unequale, equivalent to un- + equal. Compare German unegal (“unlevel, uneven”).
Senses: glosses: One who is not an equal.
marinate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæɹɪneɪt/
Forms: form: marinates
form: marinating
form: marinated
form: marinated
Etymology: First attested in 1645; adapted from either French mariner or the earlier attested Italian marinare (“to pickle, marinate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from Late Latin marina (“brine, salt water”), short for aqua marina (“sea water”), from Latin marinus (“marine, of the sea”), from Latin mare (“the sea”) from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“the sea”).
Senses: examples: text: You'll get a better flavour from the chicken if you marinate it first.
text: After the chicken has marinated for two hours, discard the remaining marinade.
glosses: To allow a sauce or flavoring mixture to absorb into something; to steep or soak something in a marinade to flavor or prepare it for cooking.
glosses: Of ideas or feelings, to mentally develop over time.
examples: text: It's not a bad haircut! You just got to let it marinate!
glosses: Especially of a haircut, to settle in and for one to get used to it.
Derived terms: marinate on
Related terms: marinade
marine
maritime
pickle
marinate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæɹɪneɪt/
Etymology: First attested in 1645; adapted from either French mariner or the earlier attested Italian marinare (“to pickle, marinate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from Late Latin marina (“brine, salt water”), short for aqua marina (“sea water”), from Latin marinus (“marine, of the sea”), from Latin mare (“the sea”) from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“the sea”).
Senses: glosses: Marinated.
mercenary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɜː.sə.nə.ɹi/
ipa: /ˈmɜː.sən.ɹi/
enpr: mûrʹsə-nĕr'ē
ipa: /ˈmɝ.səˌnɛɹ.i/
Forms: form: more mercenary
form: most mercenary
Etymology: From Middle English mercenarye (“someone paid to work, hireling”), from Latin mercēnārius (“hired for money”), from mercēs (“reward, wages, price”).
Senses: examples: text: Success is never so interesting as struggle—not even to the successful, not even to the most mercenary forms of ambition.
ref: 1932 July 16 (date written), Willa Cather, “Preface”, in The Song of the Lark, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company […], published February 1941, →OCLC, page v:
synonyms: greedy
venal
glosses: Motivated by personal gain.
Derived terms: antimercenary
mercenarily
mercenariness
mercenaryism
nonmercenary
unmercenary
Related terms: soldier
magnate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmæɡneɪt/
ipa: /ˈmæɡnət/
rhymes: -æɡneɪt
rhymes: -æɡnət
homophone: magnet (one pronunciation)
Forms: form: magnates
Etymology: Borrowed into late Middle English from Late Latin magnātēs, plural of magnās, from magnus (“great”), mid 15th c.
Senses: examples: text: I have decided to become an oil magnate, after spending quite some time reading the dictionary definition of the word magnate.
text: With a suitable amount of life experience under her belt, she sat down and conjured up the sexiest, most delicious Italian wine magnate she could imagine, had him make his biggest mistake, and gave him a wife on the run.
ref: 2014, Jennifer Hayward, The Magnate's Manifesto, Harlequin, →ISBN, page 2:
text: Sir Richard Branson is an English business magnate, best known as the founder of the multimillion-pound Virgin Group, which consists of more than four hundred companies.
ref: 2015, Rod Judkins, The Art of Creative Thinking, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
glosses: Powerful industrialist; captain of industry.
examples: text: […] but there is not an illiterate Justice of the Peace, or rural magnate in the form of a country squire, that would not detect such a man as an empirie at once, if he rested his claim to such an appointment on the score of his scholarship.
ref: 1839 November 2, “Brindley in Manchester”, in New Moral World, page 857:
glosses: A person of rank, influence or distinction in any sphere.
examples: text: Those considered politically dangerous could be excluded from office by declaring them magnates, while cancellation of magnate status was a mark of favour, a means of political patronage.
ref: 2006, Christine Shaw, Popular Government and Oligarchy in Renaissance Italy, →ISBN, page 152:
glosses: In medieval and early modern Italy, a member of a legally defined category of especially wealthy patrician families, often deprived of the right to political participation by republican governments.
Derived terms: antimagnate
magnateship
mercantile
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɜːkənˌtaɪl/
ipa: /ˈmɝ.kənˌtaɪl/
ipa: /-ˌtil/
Forms: form: merchantile
Etymology: Borrowed from French mercantile, from Italian mercantile, from mercante (“merchant”), from Latin mercāns (“trading”).
Senses: examples: text: No sign was over his door; in fact—as with old banks and mercantile houses—advertising in any shape was scorned, and it would have been felt as beneath his dignity to paint, for the benefit of strangers, the name of an establishment the trade of which came solely by connection based on personal respect.
ref: 1872, [Thomas Hardy], “II. A Meeting of the Choir”, in Under the Greenwood Tree: A Rural Painting of the Dutch School, volume I, London: Tinsley Brothers, →OCLC, part II, page 139:
topics: economics
sciences
glosses: Concerned with the exchange of goods for profit.
topics: economics
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to mercantilism.
Derived terms: mercantilely
mercantilist
mercantilistic
nonmercantile
unmercantile
Related terms: merchant
gentile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛntaɪl/
rhymes: -aɪl
Forms: form: gentiles
form: Gentile
Etymology: Borrowed from French gentil (“gentile”), from Latin gentīlis (“of or belonging to the same people or nation”), morphologically from gēns (“clan; tribe; people, family”) + adjective suffix -īlis (“-ile”). Doublet of gentle, genteel, jaunty, and Gentoo. See also gens, gender, genus, and generation.
Senses: examples: text: And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my seruant to raise vp the tribes of Iacob, and to restore the preserued of Israel: I will also giue thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my saluation, vnto the end of the earth.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 49:6:
text: Yea farther, ſo glorious, and raviſhing were the firſt dawnings of Goſpel light, which brought ſuch glad tidings of Salvation to Mankind, as that not only the Jews, but alſo ſome ſober minded, inquiſitive Gentiles rejoyced in this Light for a ſeaſon […] who yet never had a through work of Converſion on their hearts: […]
ref: 1671, Theophilus Gale, “Of the Academicks, and New Platonicks of Alexandria”, in The Court of the Gentiles: or, A Discourse Touching the Original of Human Literature, both Philologie, and Philosophie, from the Scriptures, and Jewish Church: […], part II (Of Philosophie), Oxford: Printed by Will[iam] Hall, for Tho[mas] Gilbert, →OCLC, book III, page 253:
text: If a Jew cheated a Gentile one sixth in the purchase or in the sale of any commodity, the Gentile was without remedy; not so if a Gentile imposed on a Jew to the same amount. Theft likewise by a Gentile from a Jew was death, not so if the parties were changed: and the same odious injustice they manifested in their law on homicide. […] it is rather extraordinary, that Plato should say, the penalty for the death of a native and of a foreigner should be different.
ref: 1810, George Ensor, “What Should Disqualify Persons from Being Electors or Representatives”, in On National Government, … In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […]; for the benefit of the Literary Fund, →OCLC, pages 32–33:
synonyms: non-Jew
goy
glosses: A non-Jewish person.
glosses: A non-Mormon person.
examples: text: Gentiles are denominative nouns denoting belonging to or coming from a particular country, nation, or city. Gentiles are formed from proper nouns by secondary suffixes.
ref: 1956, Herbert Weir Smyth, Gordon M. Messing, Greek Grammar, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 233:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A noun derived from a proper noun which denotes something belonging to or coming from a particular city, nation, or country.
Hypernyms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: noun
Related terms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: patronymic