cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
hum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌm/
rhymes: -ʌm
ipa: /hʌm/
ipa: [häm(˦)]
ipa: /ˈhʌm/
rhymes: -ʌm
Etymology: Borrowed from Hokkien 蚶 (ham).
Senses: glosses: Synonym of see hum (“blood cockles, ark clams”).
synonyms: word: see hum
extra: blood cockles, ark clams
shiver
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪvɚ/
ipa: /ˈʃɪvə/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
homophone: shiva (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: shivers
form: shivering
form: shivered
form: shivered
Etymology: Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.
Senses: examples: text: They stood outside for hours, shivering in the frosty air.
text: The man that shivered on the brink of sin, / Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in.
ref: 1693, Thomas Creech, The thirteenth Satire of Juvenal:
text: Mr. Mason, shivering as some one chanced to open the door, asked for more coal to be put on the fire, which had burnt out its flame, though its mass of cinder still shone hot and red. The footman who brought the coal, in going out, stopped near Mr. Eshton's chair, and said something to him in a low voice, of which I heard only the words, "old woman,"—"quite troublesome."
ref: 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “CHAPTER XVIII”, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC:
text: He was shivering a little, for he had always been used to sleeping in a proper bed, and by this time his coat had worn so thin and threadbare from hugging that it was no longer any protection to him.
ref: 1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
text: Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
ref: 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:
glosses: To tremble or shake, especially when cold or frightened.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.
Derived terms: ashiver
shiverer
shivering owl
shiver my sides
shiver my soul
shiver my timbers
shiver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪvɚ/
ipa: /ˈʃɪvə/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
homophone: shiva (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: shivers
Etymology: Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.
Senses: examples: text: A shiver went up my spine.
text: But they had already discovered that he could be bullied, and they had it their own way; and presently Selwyn lay prone upon the nursery floor, impersonating a ladrone while pleasant shivers chased themselves over Drina, whom he was stalking.
ref: 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
glosses: The act of shivering.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A bodily response to early hypothermia.
Derived terms: send shivers down someone's spine
send a shiver down someone's spine
shiver my timbers
shiver me timbers
Related terms: frisson
shiver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪvɚ/
ipa: /ˈʃɪvə/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
homophone: shiva (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: shivers
Etymology: From a Germanic word, probably present in Old English though unattested, cognate with Old High German scivaro (German Schiefer (“slate”)).
Senses: glosses: A fragment or splinter, especially of glass or stone.
glosses: A fragment or splinter, especially of glass or stone.
A splinter of wood embedded in the flesh
examples: text: a shiver of their own loaf
ref: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):
glosses: A thin slice; a shive.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A variety of blue slate.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A sheave or small wheel in a pulley.
glosses: A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter.
glosses: A spindle.
shiver
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪvɚ/
ipa: /ˈʃɪvə/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
homophone: shiva (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: shivers
form: shivering
form: shivered
form: shivered
Etymology: From a Germanic word, probably present in Old English though unattested, cognate with Old High German scivaro (German Schiefer (“slate”)).
Senses: examples: text: The man, O Muse, inform, that many a way / Wound with his wisdom to his wished stay; / That wandered wondrous far, when he the town / Of sacred Troy had sack'd and shivered down; […]
ref: 1614–1615, Homer, “The First Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 1, lines 1–4:
text: But if, in the face of all this, you still declare that whaling has no aesthetically noble associations connected with it, then am I ready to shiver fifty lances with you there, and unhorse you with a split helmet every time.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 24”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: he found a plaster bust of Napoleon, which stood with several other works of art upon the counter, lying shivered into fragments.
ref: 1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Six Napoleons, Norton, published 2005, page 1034:
text: A whole series of fault lines radiated away from this Lisbon earthquake, all of them shivering the structures of traditional order.
ref: 2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic, published 2011, page 183:
glosses: To break into splinters or fragments.
shiver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃɪvɚ/
ipa: /ˈʃɪvə/
rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)
homophone: shiva (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: shivers
Etymology: Origin uncertain
Senses: glosses: Collective noun for a group of sharks.
mistrust
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈtɹʌst/
rhymes: -ʌst
Forms: form: mistrusts
Etymology: From Middle English mistrust; equivalent to mis- + trust.
Senses: glosses: Lack of trust or confidence; distrust, untrust.
Synonyms: word: distrust
word: untrust
word: wantrust
Derived terms: mistrustful
blackmail
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈblækˌmeɪl/
rhymes: -ækmeɪl
Etymology: From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).
The word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to border reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”); the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi (“white rent”), denoting payment by silver.
McKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, "to protect" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Scottish Highlands as well as the Borders.
More likely, from black + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl, “meeting place”), from Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice.
Expanded c. 1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail (“rent paid in money”) (1590s); buttock mail (“fine imposed for fornication”) (1530s, Scottish).
Senses: glosses: The extortion of money or favors by threats of public accusation, critique, or exposure.
glosses: Compromising material that can be used to extort someone.
topics: BDSM
lifestyle
sexuality
glosses: Compromising material that can be used to extort someone.
A type of roleplay where the submissive shares information that may be exploited by the dominant.
glosses: A form of protection money (or corn, cattle, etc.) anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to the allies of robbers in order to be spared from pillage.
topics: law
glosses: Black rent; rent paid in corn, meat, or the lowest coin, as opposed to white rent, which was paid in silver.
Derived terms: emotional blackmail
postattack blackmail
Related terms: graymail
greenmail
whitemail
blackmail
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈblækˌmeɪl/
rhymes: -ækmeɪl
Forms: form: blackmails
form: blackmailing
form: blackmailed
form: blackmailed
Etymology: From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).
The word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to border reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”); the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi (“white rent”), denoting payment by silver.
McKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, "to protect" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Scottish Highlands as well as the Borders.
More likely, from black + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl, “meeting place”), from Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice.
Expanded c. 1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail (“rent paid in money”) (1590s); buttock mail (“fine imposed for fornication”) (1530s, Scottish).
Senses: examples: text: He blackmailed a businesswoman by threatening to expose an alleged fraud.
glosses: To extort money or favors from (a person) by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, such as injury to reputation, distress of mind, false accusation, etc.
glosses: To speak ill of someone; to defame someone.
Derived terms: blackmailable
blackmailee
blackmailer
blackmaily
cyberblackmail
unblackmailed
Related terms: extortion
hush money
protection racket
postpone
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /poʊstˈpoʊn/
rhymes: -əʊn
Forms: form: postpones
form: postponing
form: postponed
form: postponed
Etymology: From Latin postpōnō (“I put after; I postpone”) from post (“after”) + pōnō (“I put; I place”), compare forestall.
Senses: examples: text: “[…] Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing. Oh, dear, there's so much to tell you, so many warnings to give you, but all that must be postponed for the moment.”
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
text: Significant rail projects have been mothballed before in the face of changed circumstances – in particular, the LNER Woodhead project which was postponed due to wartime conditions and not revived until 1948, as money became available after nationalisation.
ref: 2020 December 2, Industry Insider, “The costs on cutting carbon”, in Rail, page 76:
synonyms: defer
delay
forestay
hold off
procrastinate
put off
put on ice
stay
suspend
posticipate
prorogue
antonyms: word: advance
word: hasten
word: prepone
alt: India
word: antedate
word: bring forward
word: expedite
glosses: To delay or put off an event, appointment, etc.
examples: text: Why should the See of Antioch, that most ancient and truly Apostolical Church, where the Christian name began […] be postponed to Alexandria?
ref: 1687, Isaac Barrow, A Treatise of the Pope's Supremacy, 3rd edition, page 161:
glosses: To place after in order; to deem less important.
Coordinate terms: adjourn
Derived terms: postponable
repostpone
Related terms: word: postponement
word: postponence
word: postponer
figure out
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: figures out
form: figuring out
form: figured out
form: figured out
Senses: examples: text: As soon as I figure out what is wrong with my car, I will fix it.
text: In a bid to understand the eternal mystery that is woman, Bart goes to the least qualified possible source for advice and counsel: his father, who remarkably seems to have made it to his mid-30s without quite figuring out much of anything.
ref: 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:
glosses: To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce.
examples: text: We'd already figured out that the trip would cost $1,000.
glosses: To calculate.
Derived terms: figure-outable
Related terms: reason out
sequin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsiː.kwɪn/
Forms: form: sequins
Etymology: Borrowed from French sequin, from Italian zecchino, from zecca (“mint”), from Arabic سِكَّة (sikka, “die for coining, coin”). Doublet of zecchin.
Senses: examples: text: ‘Let him receive as many robes of honour and thousands of sequins of gold as he hath spoken words.’
ref: 1816, William Beckford, Vathek, Oxford, published 2013, page 10:
text: English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Georges, and Louises, doubloons and double guineas and moidores and sequins, the pictures of all the kings of Europe for the last hundred years, strange Oriental pices stamped with what looked like wisps of string or its of spider's web, round pieces and square pieces, and pieces bored through the middle, as if to ware them round your neck - nearly every variety of money in the world must, I think, have found a place in that collection...
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
synonyms: zecchin
glosses: Any of various small gold coins minted in Italy and Turkey.
examples: text: His ideas of music-hall costumes had never gone beyond short skirts, a swirl of lace, and glittering sequins; but Miss Antonia had expressed herself on that subject in no uncertain terms.
ref: 1915, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter CVII, in Of Human Bondage:
topics: fashion
lifestyle
synonyms: paillette
glosses: A sparkling spangle used for the decoration of ornate clothing.
Derived terms: sequined
sequin
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsiː.kwɪn/
Forms: form: sequins
form: sequining
form: sequined
form: sequined
Etymology: Borrowed from French sequin, from Italian zecchino, from zecca (“mint”), from Arabic سِكَّة (sikka, “die for coining, coin”). Doublet of zecchin.
Senses: glosses: To decorate with sequins.
cloche
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klɒʃ/
ipa: /kloʊʃ/
rhymes: -ɒʃ
rhymes: -əʊʃ
Forms: form: cloches
Etymology: Borrowed from French cloche (“bell”), from Medieval Latin clocca (“bell”). Doublet of cloak and clock.
Senses: examples: text: Old window screens were shade cloth; flattened cardboard and carpet offcuts were weed matting; plastic bottles, when sliced in half, became little cloches to fit over seedlings to keep them warm.
ref: 2023, Eleanor Catton, Birnam Wood, page 21:
glosses: A glass covering, originally bell-shaped, for garden plants to prevent frost damage and promote early growth.
examples: text: Faux 19th-century bartenders in sleeve garters and baroque facial hair ply their trade in pre-Prohibition bars. Women wearing cloche hats order sidecars at speakeasies.
ref: 2011 October 3, Wayne Curtis, “From Tiki to Tacky—and Back”, in The Atlantic:
synonyms: cloche hat
glosses: A bell-shaped, close-fitting women’s hat with a deep rounded crown and narrow rim.
examples: text: Pistachio and date-filled cakes glisten under a glass cloche as customers drinking cardamom tea settle into brightly tapestried pouf chairs at the Pouya café and cultural center in Paris.
ref: 2025 June 27, Colette Davidson, Mark Sappenfield, “For Iranian diaspora in Europe, the war back home is a dilemma”, in The Christian Science Monitor:
glosses: A tableware cover, often resembling a bell.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An apparatus used in controlling certain aeroplanes, consisting principally of a steering column mounted with a universal joint at the base, which is bell-shaped and has attached to it the cables for controlling the wing-warping devices, elevator planes, etc.
Related terms: sense: bell-shaped glass cover
word: bell jar
pretty Polly
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Forms: form: Pretty Polly
Etymology: Polly is a name traditionally given to a pet parrot.
Senses: examples: text: Pretty Polly! Pretty Polly! Squawk! 'Allo! Who's a pretty boy! Squawk! 'Allo! 'Allo!
glosses: A phrase traditionally said to parrots, and a phrase that parrots are traditionally taught to speak.
Related terms: who's a pretty boy then
isolate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/
ipa: /ˈaɪ.sə.lət/
Forms: form: isolates
form: isolating
form: isolated
form: isolated
Etymology: Back-formation from isolated, from French isolé, from Italian isolato, from Latin īnsulatus (whence also insulate), see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3).
Senses: examples: text: By isolating these two main types of relation, hyponymy and incompatibility, we can characterize the relations between a large web of items.
ref: 1977, Ruth Kempson, Semantic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 86:
text: Iran could not be happier. The more Israel sinks into the West Bank, the more it is delegitimized and isolated, the more the world focuses on Israel’s colonialism rather than Iran’s nuclear enrichment, the more people call for a single democratic state in all of historic Palestine.
ref: 2014 May 4, Thomas L. Friedman, “Sheldon: Iran’s Best Friend”, in The New York Times:
synonyms: word: enisle
word: quarantine#Verb
glosses: To set apart or cut off from others.
synonyms: quarantine#Verb
glosses: To place in quarantine or isolation.
examples: text: To isolate the petroline the condensed oil is distilled again until fifty per cent. of oil has been obtained, and what is left in the still is petroline.
ref: 1871, English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1871, 901 - 946, page 6:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To separate a substance in pure form from a mixture.
examples: text: One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.
ref: 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:
glosses: To insulate, or make free of external influence.
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
glosses: To separate a pure strain of bacteria etc. from a mixed culture.
glosses: To insulate an electrical component from a source of electricity.
synonyms: self-quarantine
glosses: To self-isolate.
Derived terms: coisolate
deisolate
immunoisolate
isolant
isolatee
nonisolate
oligoisolating
preisolate
reisolate
subisolate
isolate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/
ipa: /ˈaɪ.sə.lət/
Forms: form: isolates
Etymology: Back-formation from isolated, from French isolé, from Italian isolato, from Latin īnsulatus (whence also insulate), see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3).
Senses: examples: text: We used electropherotypes in order to differentiate the original parental strains or isolates from the finally tumor cell-adapted isolates.
ref: 2016 February 2, “Experimental Adaptation of Rotaviruses to Tumor Cell Lines”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Something that has been isolated.
Derived terms: language isolate
protein isolate
isolate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/
ipa: /ˈaɪ.sə.lət/
Etymology: Back-formation from isolated, from French isolé, from Italian isolato, from Latin īnsulatus (whence also insulate), see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3).
Senses: examples: text: He said in his heart, the day his beard was shaven he was beaten, lost. He identified it with his isolate manhood.
ref: 1923, D.H. Lawrence, Kangaroo, chapter XII:
text: Its snaky acid kiss.
It petrifies the will. These are the isolate, slow faults
That kill, that kill, that kill.
ref: 1961, Sylvia Plath, “Elm [published originally as "The Elm Speaks"]”, in Ariel, HarperPerennial, →ISBN, page 16:
text: Narrow Yung-ch'ung streets quiet, / temple gardens all isolate mystery, / no one visits.
ref: 1999, Po Chü-i, “At Flowering-Brightness Monastery In Yung-ch'ung District”, in David Hinton, transl., The Selected Poems of Po Chü-i, New York, NY: New Directions, →ISBN, page 12:
glosses: isolated.
Related terms: word: insulant
word: insular
word: insularity
word: insulate
word: insulation
word: insulator
word: isolatable
word: isolated
word: isolating
word: isolation
word: isolationism
word: isolative
word: isolator
poultry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɒltɹi/
ipa: /ˈpəʊltɹi/
ipa: /ˈpoʊltɹi/
ipa: /ˈpəʉltɹi/
homophone: paltry (UK)
Forms: form: poultries
Etymology: From Middle English pultrie, from Old French pouleterie, from poulet, diminutive of poule (“hen”), from Latin pullus (“chick”).
For the development of Middle English /u/ to modern /oʊ/, /əʊ/ before /lt/, /ld/, /ln/, compare boult, boulder, colter/coulter, poultice, shoulder, won't.
Senses: examples: text: a poultry farmer
glosses: Domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese) raised for food (meat, eggs, or both).
examples: text: the poultry counter
glosses: The meat from a domestic fowl.
Derived terms: nonpoultry
poultrydom
poultryhouse
poultryist
poultryless
poultrylike
poultryman
poultry wire
poultrywoman
Related terms: poult
poulter
poulterer
pullet
pullulate
alchemists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæl.kə.mɪsts/
Senses: glosses: plural of alchemist
sip
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sĭp
ipa: /sɪp/
rhymes: -ɪp
Forms: form: sips
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English sippen, of uncertain origin. Compare with Low German sippen (“to sip”). Possibly from a variant of Middle English suppen (“to drink, sip”) (see sup) or perhaps from Old English sipian, sypian (“to take in moisture, soak, macerate”), from Proto-Germanic *sipōną (“to drip, trickle”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour out, trickle, leak out”). Compare also Old High German supfen (“to drink, sip”), from Proto-Germanic *sūpaną (“to sip, intake”).
Senses: glosses: A small mouthful of drink
examples: text: Earl is always a good time. His appearance at parties, whether it's a smart cocktail sip or a basement gig, is mandatory.
ref: 1985 April 20, Joseph Beam, “Black Men Loving Black Men: The Revolutionary Act of the Eighties”, in Gay Community News, page 5:
glosses: An event at which people drink alcohol in small, usually sub-intoxicating amounts.
sip
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: sĭp
ipa: /sɪp/
rhymes: -ɪp
Forms: form: sips
form: sipping
form: sipped
form: sipped
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English sippen, of uncertain origin. Compare with Low German sippen (“to sip”). Possibly from a variant of Middle English suppen (“to drink, sip”) (see sup) or perhaps from Old English sipian, sypian (“to take in moisture, soak, macerate”), from Proto-Germanic *sipōną (“to drip, trickle”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour out, trickle, leak out”). Compare also Old High German supfen (“to drink, sip”), from Proto-Germanic *sūpaną (“to sip, intake”).
Senses: examples: text: He held out to me a bowl of steaming broth, that filled the room with a savour sweeter, ten thousand times, to me than every rose and lily of the world; yet would not let me drink it at a gulp, but made me sip it with a spoon like any baby.
ref: [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, “In the Vault”, in Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC, pages 62–63:
text: A waiter brought his aperitif, which was a small scotch and soda, and as he sipped it gratefully he sighed.
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
text: bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.
ref: 2013 August 3, “Revenge of the nerds”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
glosses: To drink slowly, small mouthfuls at a time.
examples: text: [She] rais'd it to her mouth with sober grace; / Then, sipping, offered to the next in place.
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To drink a small quantity.
examples: text: They skim the floods, and sip the purple flowers.
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To taste the liquor of; to drink out of.
glosses: Alternative form of seep.
examples: text: Sales of lightbulbs which sip electricity, and whose increased cost in the shops is easily paid for over their lifetime, used to double every year; in 1990/1991, they leapt sevenfold.
ref: 1995, Richard North, Life on a Modern Planet: A Manifesto for Progress, Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 80:
text: It makes a small car, the Chevy Cobalt, which sips petrol in moderation and is therefore selling well.
ref: 2008 July 3, “The presidential election: White men can vote”, in The Economist:
text: Even when turned off, these devices can idly sip electricity from your outlet costing you money.
ref: 2014 October 20, Erik Hyrkas, "Energy Vampires are Attacking Your Home – Here’s How to Stop Them" (Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy)
glosses: To consume slowly.
Synonyms: nurse
Derived terms: latte-sipping
paint and sip
sip and puff
sip-and-see
sip-and-see party
Related terms: seep
siphon
snuggle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsnʌ.ɡəl/
rhymes: -ʌɡəl
Forms: form: snuggles
Etymology: First attested in 1684. snug + -le (frequentative suffix); spelt with doubled ‘g’ to clarify pronunciation.
Senses: examples: text: Let's have a snuggle on the sofa.
glosses: An affectionate hug.
glosses: The final remnant left in a liquor bottle.
Synonyms: sense: hug
word: cuddle
sense: final remnant in bottle
word: sip
snuggle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsnʌ.ɡəl/
rhymes: -ʌɡəl
Forms: form: snuggles
form: snuggling
form: snuggled
form: snuggled
Etymology: First attested in 1684. snug + -le (frequentative suffix); spelt with doubled ‘g’ to clarify pronunciation.
Senses: examples: text: My girlfriend and I love to snuggle.
text: The last drop of jager snuggled the corner of the pint.
text: The surrounding buildings snuggled each other.
text: And when the Boy dropped off to sleep, the Rabbit would snuggle down close under his little warm chin and dream, with the Boy's hands clasped close round him all night long.
ref: 1922, Margery Williams, The Velveteen Rabbit:
text: I certainly was not prepared for the cosy nestling valleys that snuggled against the shoulders of the hills; a land where the graystone cottages and farmsteads still prevailed, but where they had taken on something of the softness of their kind in Gloucester and the Cotswolds, and seemed almost like growths of the soil; […].
ref: 1949 January and February, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–1”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:
synonyms: cuddle
glosses: To lie close to another person or thing, hugging or being cosy.
examples: text: Tired but satisfied, the children snuggled into their sleeping bags.
text: The pet dog snuggles into its new bed.
synonyms: snudge
glosses: To move or arrange oneself in a comfortable and cosy position.
Synonyms: snug
Derived terms: sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb snuggle
word: snugglebug
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb snuggle
word: snuggle bunny
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb snuggle
word: snugglefest
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb snuggle
word: snuggler
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb snuggle
word: snuggle up
sense: Terms derived from the noun or verb snuggle
word: snuggly
dosh
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɒʃ/
rhymes: -ɒʃ
Etymology: Unknown. Possibly a combination of dough and cash.
Senses: examples: text: I'd like to buy a new car, but I'm short on dosh.
text: So all that remains is for me to sell this to Eve for as much extra dosh as I can guilt-trip out of her.
ref: 2020, Charles Stross, Dead Lies Dreaming: Book 1 of the New Management, A new adventure begins in the world of the Laundry Files, Hachette UK, →ISBN, page 154:
glosses: Money.
Synonyms: bread
dough
moola
moolah
wonga
pick on
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: picks on
form: picking on
form: picked on
form: picked on
Senses: examples: text: Hey! Quit picking on your brother.
text: Had no friends, picked on 'cause I was weak
ref: 1998, Korn, “Reclaim my Place”:
text: Deciding that he hasn't had enough action for one day, Captain Evans of the Johnston orders another 180-degree about-face to give gunfire support to the new arrivals, this time picking on the heavy cruiser Tone.
ref: 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 22:11 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?, archived from the original on 03 Nov 2022:
glosses: To bully, harass, or make fun of a victim; to bother or harass.
examples: text: The teacher picked on me to answer the question.
glosses: To select (a person) for a task, etc.
Synonyms: pester
pick at
Derived terms: pick on someone your own size
gutted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡʌtɪd/
rhymes: -ʌtɪd
Etymology: From Middle English gutted, gotted, equivalent to gut + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of gut
energetic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛnɚˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/
ipa: /ˌɛnəˈdʒɛtɪk/
note: Indic
ipa: /əˈnə(ɾ)dʒəʈɪk/
rhymes: -ɛtɪk
Forms: form: more energetic
form: most energetic
form: energetick
Etymology: From New Latin energeticus (16th c.), or its source, Ancient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós), from ἐνεργέω (energéō, “to be active”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”). By surface analysis, energy + -etic.
Senses: examples: text: Cosmic rays are energetic particles from outer space.
text: energetic laws
text: Now lift the inverted jar so that the air can get at the outside of the “porous cup” and instantly the energetic illuminating gas which is now inside the “porous cup” begins to come out, and the water rises in the glass tube to take its place.
ref: 1898, Home Study for Electrical Workers, page 36:
topics: sciences
glosses: Possessing or pertaining to energy.
examples: text: Those kids are so energetic: they want to run around playing all day.
text: They are even now insulted with all the arguments which have been used in favor of energetic governments, ever since the days of Pharaoh: but every one knew, long before our revolution, that an energetic government could be supported […]
ref: 1801, Abraham Bishop, An Oration on the Extent and Power of Political Delusion, page 38:
glosses: Characterised by force or vigour; full of energy; lively, vigorous, furious.
examples: text: At these energetic sounds, the sun hid himself beneath a gloomy cloud; and the waters of two little lakes, that were naturally clearer than crystal, became of a colour like blood.
ref: 1816, William Beckford, Vathek, Oxford, published 2013, page 82:
glosses: Having powerful effects; efficacious, potent.
Derived terms: bioenergetic
endoenergetic
energetically
energetic disassembly
energetic event
energeticism
energeticist
equienergetic
exoenergetic
hyperenergetic
hypoenergetic
inergetic
isoenergetic
mechanoenergetic
monoenergetic
musculoenergetic
neuroenergetic
nonenergetic
overenergetic
polyenergetic
pseudoenergetic
psychoenergetic
solar energetic particle
superenergetic
thermoenergetic
ultraenergetic
unenergetic
Related terms: energetical
energetic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛnɚˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/
ipa: /ˌɛnəˈdʒɛtɪk/
note: Indic
ipa: /əˈnə(ɾ)dʒəʈɪk/
rhymes: -ɛtɪk
Forms: form: energetics
Etymology: Possibly from a clipping of energetic materials.
Senses: examples: text: Unfortunately, conventional nanoporous energetics can have poor long-term storage stability, and can be dangerously unstable, severely limiting their usefulness.
ref: 2014 February 25, James J . Myrick, Nanoparticles, Compositions, Manufacture and Applications, US Patent US-10858296-B1, column 106:
text: Improved energetics can help the Department of Defense build smaller munitions that still pack a punch.
ref: 2022 April 20, Nadia Schadlow, Brady Helwig, “Ukraine war shows America could be outgunned without investing in energetics”, in Breaking Defense, Breaking Media, archived from the original on 20 Apr 2022:
text: Where I will say there is something that we all have to watch is the underlying suppliers, the suppliers of solid rockets motors, of batteries, of energetics.
ref: 2023 March 13, 32:11 from the start, Arming Ukraine, in Joseph Camp, director, PBS NewsHour (television production), spoken by William LaPlante, via Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), archived from the original on 10 Mar 2023:
qualifier: materials science
glosses: Any material used for its release of energy, either as an explosive, propellant, or for pyrotechnic effects.
Hyponyms: explosive
propellant
pyrotechnic
Arizona
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæɹɪˈzoʊnə/
ipa: /ˌɛɹɪˈzoʊnə/
ipa: /ˌæɹɪˈzəʊnə/
rhymes: -əʊnə
Etymology: Uncertain. Possibly from O'odham alĭ ṣonak (literally “small spring”) (traditionally through the Spanish intermediary form Arizonac; compare modern Arizona), a name initially applied to an area around a silver-mining camp in Sonora.
Alternatively, perhaps from Basque haritz ona (literally “good oak”), as the area had many Basque herders, and a descendant of them established the ranchería of Arizona (circa 1735) in Sonora.
Suggestions of derivation from [Term?], supposedly a Nahuatl word meaning “silver-bearing”, are considered implausible, and derivation from árida zona (literally “dry zone”) is considered a folk etymology.
Senses: examples: text: A 15-year-old orphan is being forced from the Arizona senior community where he lives with his grandparents after the homeowner’s association said it could face legal issues if he stayed.
ref: 2020 January 16, Scottie Andrew, “An orphaned teen is being forced out of his grandparents’ senior community because he’s too young”, in CNN:
glosses: A state in the southwestern United States, established 1912. Capital: Phoenix.
examples: text: Videos on social media appear to show Arizona fans chanting “F**k the Mormons” after the 96-95 loss.
ref: 2025 February 24, Ben Morse, “Arizona apologizes to BYU for ‘unacceptable chant’ from fans after college basketball defeat”, in CNN:
synonyms: UA
coordinate_terms: Arizona State
ASU
glosses: Ellipsis of University of Arizona.
glosses: A territory of the southwest Confederate (1862–1865) and United States of America (1863–1912), with its capitals at Tucson, Prescott, and Phoenix.
glosses: A department of the northwest Second Mexican Empire (1863–1865), with its capital at Altar.
glosses: A unisex given name.
glosses: Arizona Beverage Company, which sells its products under the name AriZona.
glosses: Several places named for the state or territory.
Arizona City, a census-designated place in Pinal County, Arizona, United States.
glosses: Several places named for the state or territory.
An unincorporated community in Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, United States.
glosses: Several places named for the state or territory.
An unincorporated community in Burt County, Nebraska, United States.
glosses: Several places named for the state or territory.
A locality in Manitoba, Canada.
glosses: Several places named for the state or territory.
A municipality of Atlántida department, Honduras.
glosses: Several places named for the state or territory.
A barangay of Midsayap, Cotabato, Philippines.
Synonyms: topics: state
word: Ariz.
topics: state
word: AZ
Derived terms: Aridzona
Arizona ash
Arizona black walnut
Arizonan
Arizona room
Arizona sycamore
Arizona walnut
Arizonian
arizonite
androgen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈændrəd͡ʒən/
Forms: form: androgens
Etymology: From andro- + -gen.
Senses: examples: text: It is known as Hatschek's pit and has been found to react positively to antibodies against substance P, met-enkephalin, cholecystokinin (CCK), mammalian luteinizing hormone (LH), and the enzyme aromatase (P450ₐᵣₒ), which converts certain androgens into estrogens (see Chapter 3).
ref: 2013, David O. Norris, Vertebrate Endocrinology, page 151:
text: However, high levels of the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone and of sex-hormone binding globulin that inhibit fat accumulation in the abdomen might also contribute to reducing the waist.
ref: 2015 August 17, Ricardo Mondragón-Ceballos et al., “Waist-to-Hip Ratio, but Not Body Mass Index, Is Associated with Testosterone and Estradiol Concentrations in Young Women”, in International Journal of Endocrinology, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
qualifier: steroids
glosses: Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.
Derived terms: androgenemia
androgenic
androgen insensitivity syndrome
androgenise
androgenism
androgenize
androgenous
antiandrogen
hyperandrogenism
selective androgen receptor modulator
xenoandrogen
Related terms: anabolic steroid
androsterone
estrogen
testosterone
gelid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛl.ɪd/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛl.əd/
Forms: form: more gelid
form: most gelid
Etymology: First attested in 1630. From Latin gelidus (“cold”), from gelu (“frost”).
Senses: examples: text: Of Cassandra-Marat we have spoken often; yet the most surprising truth remains to be spoken: that he actually does not want sense; but, with croaking gelid throat, croaks out masses of the truth, on several things.
ref: 1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):
text: Above the gelid source of mountain springs,
⁠A solitary eagle, circling, flies.
ref: 1898, Florence Earle Coates, “Siberia”, in Poems:
text: In the worst of summer the tower remained cool, yet the air seemed feverish and gelid when sisters of different Ajahs came too close.
ref: 2005, Robert Jordan, Knife of Dreams:
glosses: Very cold; icy or frosty.
Derived terms: gelidity
gelidness
gelidly
lieutenant general
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lieutenant generals
form: lieutenants general
Senses: glosses: A commissioned officer in the British Army or Royal Marines or the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, or United States Air Force, ranked above a major general and below a general.
glosses: A similar rank in the armed forces of some other countries.
warble
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔɹbl̩/
ipa: /ˈwɔːbl̩/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)bəl
Forms: form: warbles
form: warbling
form: warbled
form: warbled
Etymology: Perhaps onomatopoeic.
Senses: glosses: To modulate a tone's frequency.
examples: text: Her voice more sweet than warbling sound,
Tho’ sung by nightingale or lark,
Her eyes such lustre dart around,
Compar’d to them the sun is dark.
ref: a. 1722, Matthew Prior, “Non Pareil”, in H. Bunker Wright, Monroe K. Spears, editors, The Literary Works of Matthew Prior, Second edition, volume I, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1971, page 683:
text: In the swamp in secluded recesses, / A shy and hidden bird is warbling a song.
ref: 1865, Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, in Sequel to Drum-Taps: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d and other poems:
glosses: To sing like a bird, especially with trills.
examples: text: touch the warbled string
ref: 1634, John Milton, “Arcades”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:
glosses: To cause to quaver or vibrate.
examples: text: The wailings of a maiden I recite, / A maiden fair, that Sparabella hight. / Such ſtrains ne'er warble in the linnet's throat, / Nor the gay goldfinch chaunts ſo ſweet a note, [...]
ref: 1714, J[ohn] Gay, “Wednesday; or, The Dumps”, in The Shepherd’s Week. In Six Pastorals, London: […] R. Burleigh […], →OCLC, page 21:
glosses: To be quavered or modulated; to be uttered melodiously.
Synonyms: sense: to modulate a tone's frequency
word: trill
Derived terms: warbler
warbly
warble
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔɹbl̩/
ipa: /ˈwɔːbl̩/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)bəl
Forms: form: warbles
Etymology: Perhaps onomatopoeic.
Senses: examples: text: The blackbirds and robins and and^([sic]) tits and finches shout at each other, chups and warbles and chirrups that, loosely translated, mean “Fancy a shag?”, “Get OFF my land” or “I’ve got a great big tonker.”
ref: 2015 April 16, Richard P. Grant, “Sex and the successful fundraiser”, in The Guardian:
glosses: The sound of one who warbles; singing with trills or modulations.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: In naval mine warfare, the process of varying the frequency of sound produced by a narrowband noisemaker to ensure that the frequency to which the mine will respond is covered.
warble
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔɹbl̩/
ipa: /ˈwɔːbl̩/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)bəl
Forms: form: warbles
Etymology: From Middle English werble (at least for the noun), from Frankish *werbel (mole cricket), cognate to Walloon waerbea.
Senses: glosses: A lesion under the skin of cattle, caused by the larva of a bot fly of genus Hypoderma.
glosses: A small hard swelling on a horse's back, caused by the galling of the saddle.
Derived terms: warble fly
daredevil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛədɛvəl/
ipa: [ˈdɛədɛvəɫ]
Forms: form: daredevils
Etymology: From dare + devil.
Senses: examples: text: Even as a youngster, Steven was a bit of a daredevil riding up homemade wooden ramps on his BMX.
synonyms: adrenaline junkie
adventurer
thrill-seeker
glosses: A person who engages in very risky behavior, especially one who is motivated by a craving for excitement or attention.
Derived terms: daredevilish
daredevilism
daredevilry
daredevil
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛədɛvəl/
ipa: [ˈdɛədɛvəɫ]
Forms: form: more daredevil
form: most daredevil
Etymology: From dare + devil.
Senses: examples: text: The climactic scene of “Rebel without a Cause” is the group of very daredevil teens playing chicken.
text: Not only do they glide gracefully with burdens on their heads, they bend to pick money that has been flung at them; dash across roads with cars zooming by and the most daredevil do all this with a child strapped to their back.
ref: 2012, Chibundu Onuzo, The Spider King’s Daughter, Faber and Faber (2013), page 27:
glosses: Recklessly bold; adventurous.
daredevil
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛədɛvəl/
ipa: [ˈdɛədɛvəɫ]
Forms: form: daredevils
form: daredeviling
form: daredevilling
form: daredeviled
form: daredeviled
form: daredevilled
form: daredevilled
Etymology: From dare + devil.
Senses: glosses: To behave in a reckless, adventurous, or physically risky manner.
narcissism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɑːsəˌsɪzm/
ipa: /ˈnɑɹsəˌsɪzm/
Forms: form: narcissisms
Etymology: From obsolete German Narzissismus (now Narzissmus by haplology), from Narziss (“Narcissus”) + -ism. By surface analysis, Narciss(us) (“character in Greek mythology who became obsessed with his own reflection”) + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: Although the researchers found that, on average, narcissism gradually declined as people aged, “the results show that this decline is not as large as one might hope,” said Ulrich Orth, the lead author of the paper and a professor of developmental psychology at the University of Bern in Switzerland.
ref: 2024 November 7, Christina Caron, “Narcissism Is a Trait That’s Hard to Shake, Study Says”, in The New York Times:
glosses: Excessive love of oneself.
glosses: Sexual desire for one's own body.
Hyponyms: NPD
Derived terms: narcissist
narcissistic
narcissize
narcossism
Related terms: egoism
egocentrism
self-love
self-flattery
autosexuality
black pudding
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: black puddings
Senses: glosses: A blood sausage made from minced pork, pork blood, cereal (oats or barley), and spices; eaten at breakfast and combined in starters and salads.
Related terms: blood pudding
white pudding
chou
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sho͞o
ipa: /ʃuː/
rhymes: -uː
homophone: shoe
homophone: shoo
homophone: shew
homophone: SHU
Forms: form: chous
form: choux
Etymology: From French chou (“cabbage”); compare French pâte à choux (“choux pastry”). Doublet of caulis, cole, and kale.
Senses: topics: baking
cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: Choux pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake with a sweet filling.
examples: text: Medium sized chous, or rosettes of the ribbon finish the trimming at bottom of chest opening, and at the waist points back and front.
ref: 1891, Locomotive Engineers Journal, volume 25, page 1146:
topics: fashion
lifestyle
glosses: A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an ornament in women's clothing.
Derived terms: chou pastry
Related terms: chou chou
handshake
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhæn(d)ˌʃeɪk/
Forms: form: handshakes
Etymology: From hand + shake. See the appendix for the history of the gesture itself.
Senses: examples: text: Eccles' handshake, eager and practiced and hard, seems to symbolize for him an embrace. For an instant Rabbit fears he will never let go.
ref: 1960, John Updike, 'Rabbit, Run', page 88:
glosses: The grasping of hands by two people when greeting, leave-taking, or making an agreement.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: An exchange of signals between two devices when communications begin in order to ensure synchronization.
Derived terms: golden handshake
green handshake
handshake deal
manshake
secret handshake
handshake
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhæn(d)ˌʃeɪk/
Forms: form: handshakes
form: handshaking
form: handshaked
form: handshaked
form: handshook
form: handshook
Etymology: From hand + shake. See the appendix for the history of the gesture itself.
Senses: glosses: To perform a handshake; to shake hands.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To perform a handshake with another device.
Related terms: shake on it