cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
physiological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.i.kəl/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.i.kəl/
ipa: /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɔd͡ʒ.i.kəl/
ipa: /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.i.kəl/
Forms: form: more physiological
form: most physiological
Etymology: Either from physio- + -logical (equivalent to physiology + -ical) or Latin physiologicus + -al.
Senses: examples: text: When the institute was moved to Tübingen in 1945 because of air raids on Berlin, he also assumed the post of professor of physiological chemistry at the University of Tübingen and, when the institute was moved once again in 1956 to Münich, he also was named professor of physiological chemistry at the University of Münich. He retired from his post at Münich in 1971.
ref: 2014, David Newton, chapter 4, in Steroids and Doping in Sports: A Reference Handbook, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 169:
glosses: Of, or relating to physiology.
glosses: Relating to the action of a drug when given to a healthy person, as distinguished from its therapeutic action.
Synonyms: physiologic
Derived terms: anatomophysiological
aphysiological
biophysiological
cardiophysiological
chemicophysiological
chronophysiological
climatophysiological
cryophysiological
cytophysiological
ecophysiological
electrophysiological
extraphysiological
geophysiological
hyperphysiological
hypophysiological
immunophysiological
macrophysiological
metaphysiological
microphysiological
mitophysiological
morphophysiological
neurophysiological
neuropsychophysiological
nonphysiological
normophysiological
optophysiological
osmophysiological
palaeophysiological
paleophysiological
paraphysiological
pathophysiological
pharmacophysiological
photophysiological
physicophysiological
physiological density
physiologically
physiological time
phytophysiological
psychophysiological
subphysiological
superphysiological
supraphysiological
thermophysiological
unphysiological
zoophysiological
therapeutic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: thĕr'ə-pyo͞oʹtĭk
ipa: /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.tɪk/
ipa: [ˌθɛɹ.əˈpju.ɾɪk]
ipa: /ˌθeɹ.əˈpjʉː.tɪk/
ipa: [ˌθeɹ.əˈpjʉː.ɾɪk]
ipa: /ˌθeɹ.əˈpjʉː.tək/
ipa: [ˌθeɹ.əˈpjʉː.ɾək]
Forms: form: therapeutics
form: therapeutick
Etymology: From Middle English terapeucia, from New Latin therapeuticus (“curing, healing”), from Ancient Greek θεραπευτικός (therapeutikós, “attentive, helpful, obliging, curative”), from θεραπευτής (therapeutḗs, “one who waits on another, an attendant”), from θεραπεύω (therapeúō, “I wait on, attend, serve, cure”).
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A therapeutic agent
healing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhiːlɪŋ/
homophone: heeling
rhymes: -iːlɪŋ
Forms: form: healings
Etymology: From Middle English heelinge, helynge, from Old English hǣling (“healing”), from Proto-Germanic *hailingō (“healing”), from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to heal”), equivalent to heal + -ing. Cognate with West Frisian hieling (“healing”), Dutch heling (“healing”), German Heilung (“healing; cure”).
Senses: glosses: The process where the cells in the body regenerate and repair themselves.
glosses: An act of healing, as by a faith healer.
glosses: The psychological process of dealing with a problem or problems.
Derived terms: chakra healing
crystal healing
faith healing
healing art
healing blade
healing crisis
healing leaf
healing lodge
mind-healing
overhealing
spiritual healing
underhealing
Related terms: heal
healing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhiːlɪŋ/
homophone: heeling
rhymes: -iːlɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English heelyng, equivalent to heal + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of heal
Derived terms: healingly
nonhealing
unhealing
regenerate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈd͡ʒɛnəɹeɪt/
Forms: form: regenerates
form: regenerating
form: regenerated
form: regenerated
form: regen
Etymology: From Latin regenerātus, perfect passive participle of regenerō, from re- + generō, from genus, generis (“descent, origin, birth”) + -ō, equivalent to re- + generate.
Senses: glosses: To construct or create anew, especially in an improved manner.
glosses: To revitalize.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: To replace lost or damaged tissue.
glosses: To become reconstructed.
glosses: To undergo a spiritual rebirth.
glosses: Of a water softener: to flush out the minerals extracted from the water supply.
Synonyms: sense: make anew
word: re-create
sense: revitalize
word: rejuvenate
Related terms: regeneration
regenerative
regenerate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈd͡ʒɛnəɹɪt/
Forms: form: regen
Etymology: From Latin regenerātus, perfect passive participle of regenerō, from re- + generō, from genus, generis (“descent, origin, birth”) + -ō, equivalent to re- + generate.
Senses: glosses: Spiritually reborn.
examples: text: The earthly author of my blood, / Whose youthful spirit, in me regenerate, / Doth with a twofold vigour lift me up.
ref: 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: Reproduced.
regenerate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: regenerates
form: regen
Etymology: From Latin regenerātus, perfect passive participle of regenerō, from re- + generō, from genus, generis (“descent, origin, birth”) + -ō, equivalent to re- + generate.
Senses: glosses: One who is spiritually reborn.
etymological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛt.ɪ.məˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
Forms: form: more etymological
form: most etymological
Etymology: From etymology + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: But it goes without saying that this etymological argument in and of itself has no significance, since a word taken from a dead language may resultantly assume a meaning independent of its etymology.
ref: 1877, Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov, translated by Valerie Z. Nollan, The Philosophical Principles of Integral Knowledge, Eerdmans, published 2008, →ISBN, page 58:
glosses: Of or relating to etymology.
glosses: (of a word) Consistent with its etymological characteristics (in historical usage or the source language).
Derived terms: etymological argument
etymological fallacy
etymological hybrid
etymologically
nonetymological
pseudoetymological
unetymological
Related terms: etymologist
etymology
etymon
folk-etymological
etymologically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more etymologically
form: most etymologically
Etymology: From etymological + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The Greeks and Romans referred to everyone else as "barbarians" -- etymologically those who only babble, only go "bar-bar."
ref: 2004 May 18, Robin Tolmach Lakoff, “ESSAY; From Ancient Greece to Iraq, the Power of Words in Wartime”, in The New York Times:
text: The German language, as far as I know, is the only one in the world in which the words for debt and guilt are etymologically the same — the word for debt is “Schulden,” and for guilt it’s “Schuld.”
ref: 2014 October 20, Jochen Bittner, “Germany Without Angst? That Worries Me.”, in The New York Times:
glosses: Based on or belonging to etymology.
Related terms: etymology
etymological
etymologist
aldehyde
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæl.dɪ.haɪd/
Forms: form: aldehydes
Etymology: Borrowed from German Aldehyd, a contraction of the Latin al(cohol) dehyd(rogenātum).
Senses: examples: text: The air smells of strange, oceanic aldehydes.
ref: 2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 180:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.
Derived terms: acetic aldehyde
-al
aldazine
aldehyde oxidase
aldehydic
aldehydic acid
aldimine
aldol
aminoaldehyde
amino aldehyde
bioaldehyde
chinaldine
cinnamaldehyde
coniferyl aldehyde
crotonaldehyde
dialdehyde
glutaraldehyde
haloaldehyde
heteroaldehyde
isoaldehyde
ketoaldehyde
melon aldehyde
monoaldehyde
oxaldehyde
oxoaldehyde
perillaldehyde
pivalaldehyde
polyaldehyde
selenoaldehyde
semialdehyde
strawberry aldehyde
syringaldehyde
thioaldehyde
trialdehyde
Zincke aldehyde
Related terms: alt: R = H
word: formaldehyde
alt: R = CH3
word: acetaldehyde
alt: R = C6H5
word: benzaldehyde
word: ketone
chromatography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɹəʊ.məˈtɒɡɹə.fi/
rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi
note: Indic
ipa: /kɾɵˈmæʈɵɡɾæfi/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkɾoməʈoˌɡɾæfi/
Forms: form: chromatographies
form: chromography
Etymology: Back-formation from chromatographic, borrowed from German chromatographisch (see there for more); by surface analysis, chromato- + -graphy. The technique is so named because it was developed primarily for the separation of the plant pigments, which would separate in bands of different "colors" (chromato-) .
Senses: qualifier: analytical chemistry
glosses: Any of various techniques for the qualitative or quantitative separation of the components of mixtures of compounds; all characterized by the use of a mobile phase (gas or liquid) moving relative to a stationary phase (liquid or solid) – the differences between the rates of migration of the compounds between the two phases affect the separation.
Derived terms: argentation chromatography
chromatographical
chromatography paper
cochromatography
electrochromatography
exclusion chromatography
gas chromatography
gas-liquid chromatography - GLC
high-performance liquid chromatography - HPLC
high-pressure liquid chromatography
immunochromatography
ion chromatography
ion exchange chromatography
nanochromatography
oligochromatography
paper chromatography
photochromatography
radial chromatography
radiochromatography
rechromatography
size-exclusion chromatography
thermochromatography
thin-layer chromatography
thin layer chromatography - TLC
formalin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: formalins
Senses: examples: text: If you failed to bathe it in the formalin solution every time, its flesh might cross the precipitous border into decay.
ref: 2023, V. V. Ganeshananthan, Brotherless Night, Viking, page 20:
glosses: A solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens.
Derived terms: formalinise
paraformalin
postformalin
preformalin
Related terms: formol
iconography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌaɪkəˈnɒɡɹəfi/
rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi
Forms: form: iconographies
Etymology: From icono- + -graphy.
Senses: examples: text: The hundredodd pages of photographs provide superb iconography of artistic collaboration and its rewards.
ref: 1975 May 4, Dale Harris, “Merce Cunningham”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 26 Apr 2024:
glosses: A set of specified or traditional symbolic forms associated with the subject or theme of a stylized genre of art.
examples: text: the iconography of the ancients
glosses: The art of representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons.
glosses: The study of representative art in general.
Derived terms: iconographer
depopulate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˈpɒpjəleɪt/
ipa: /diˈpɑpjəleɪt/
Etymology: First attested in 1531; borrowed from Latin dēpopulātus, perfect active participle of dēpopulor (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)). Compare depeople, French dépeupler, Italian spopolare, Spanish despoblar, Portuguese despovoar and Romanian despopora; by surface analysis, de- + populate. Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: And ſo in that realme were continually two kynges, vntil the kynge of Mede had depopulate the country, and brought the people in captiuite to the citie of Babylon: […]
ref: 1531, Thomas Elyot, “Chapter ii: That one ſoueraigne gouernour ought to be ina publike weale. And what damage bath happened, where a mulitude hath had equal authoꝛite without any ſoueraygne.”, in The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC, 1st boke, folio 9, recto:
glosses: Depopulated (sense 1).
raw_tags: as a participle
examples: text: A world it was to see […] his daily peregrinacion in the desert, felles and craggy mountains of that bareine vnfertile and depopulate countrey.
ref: 1548, Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke, London: Richard Grafton, The firste yere of The vnquiete tyme of Kyng Henry the fourthe, page xix:
text: Wroth for bright-cheekt Bryseis losse; whom from Lyrnessus spoiles,
(His owne exploit) he brought away, as trophee of his toiles,
When that town was depopulate;
ref: c. 1611, George Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets, London: Nathaniell Butter, Book Two, p. 30:
glosses: Barren, devoid of inhabitants; utterly destroyed, devastated .
raw_tags: as a participial adjective
Derived terms: depopulacy
Related terms: depeople
relocation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɹiːləʊˈkeɪʃən/
Forms: form: relocations
Etymology: From re- + location.
Senses: examples: text: Another source of discontent with the Phase I stock has been obviated by relocation of the interior heating elements and the introduction of thermostatic control; this has eradicated the searing blasts of hot air passengers used to feel about their calves […].
ref: 1961 February, “Talking of Trains: Phase II units in service”, in Trains Illustrated, page 69:
text: The work to deliver an 18tph service involves relocation of four signals and associated equipment to improve signal spacing.
ref: 2019 October, “Funding for 20tph East London Line service”, in Modern Railways, page 28:
text: He was also entitled to a relocation payment but has chosen not to take it.
ref: 2020 June 17, “Network News: Byford appointed to top London transport post”, in Rail, page 16:
synonyms: move
removal
glosses: The act of moving from one place to another.
glosses: Renewal of a lease.
examples: text: A peculiarity of ECOFF relocation entries is that even on 32-bit machines, they're 10 bytes long, which means that on machines that require aligned data, the linker can't just load the entire relocation table into a memory array[…]
ref: 2000, John R. Levine, Linkers and Loaders, Morgan Kaufmann, →ISBN, page 157:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The assigning of addresses to variables either at linkage editing, or at runtime.
Related terms: resettlement
real life
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: real lives
Senses: glosses: Life outside of a contrived or fantastical environment; often used in comparison to events depicted in drama.
examples: text: I knew it was just a silly quiz, but it was annoying that I couldn't even get a crush match in a magazine—or real life.
ref: 2011, Julia DeVillers, Jennifer Roy, Take Two:
glosses: A person or thing that exists in reality (vs. fictional).
glosses: Life outside the Internet.
examples: text: I kept meaning to look for a better-paying job, but real life intervened.
glosses: Pressing day-to-day commitments.
Derived terms: real life experience
IRL
Related terms: real world
meatspace
happening
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhæpɪnɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈhæpənɪŋ/
ipa: [ˈhæpnɪŋ]
ipa: [ˈhæpnɪn]
Etymology: From Middle English *happenynge, *happnynge. By surface analysis, happen + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much.[…] But viewed from high up in one of the growing number of skyscrapers in Sri Lanka’s capital, it is clear that something extraordinary is happening: China is creating a shipping hub just 200 miles from India’s southern tip.
ref: 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:
glosses: present participle and gerund of happen
happening
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhæpɪnɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈhæpənɪŋ/
ipa: [ˈhæpnɪŋ]
ipa: [ˈhæpnɪn]
Forms: form: more happening
form: most happening
Etymology: From Middle English *happenynge, *happnynge. By surface analysis, happen + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: “[…]San Francisco is not exactly the most happening place, you know.”
ref: 2005, Wendy Lawton, Less is More, page 13:
text: When the show ends, the circular, sunken floor is one of the more happening dance clubs in town.
ref: 2006, Eliot Greenspan, Neil E. Schlecht, Frommer's Cuba, page 165:
text: They're a little noisy if you open your balcony door but otherwise offer a glimpse of one of Disney World's more happening places.
ref: 2011, Bob Sehlinger, Menasha Ridge, Len Testa, The Unofficial Guide Walt Disney World 2012, page 157:
glosses: Busy, lively; vibrant, dynamic; fashionable.
raw_tags: of a place
examples: text: Every show has its hottest, most happening trends. If I were to isolate just one for hardware and one for software, this year's hot hardware would be the 386 machines, and the happening software would be desktop publishing.
ref: 1987 November 16, Steve Gibson, “Desktop Publishing, 386-Based Machines, ‘Happening’ Trends at Comdex”, in InfoWorld, page 42:
text: Going strong since 2006, this ephemeral nightclub (it's open only for 50 nights each year, in July and August) has become the hottest ticket in DJ land, a combination of the most happening names in music and its spectacular setting at the heart of the Palais des Festivals.
ref: 2009, Nicola Williams, Oliver Berry, Steve Fallon, France, Lonely Planet, page 883:
text: San Antonio is the newest, tiniest, and most “happening” wine appellation in Chile, with just four boutique wineries that focus on quality, not quantity, producing fine pinot noir, sauvignon blanc, and syrah.
ref: 2011, Nicholas Gill, Christie Pashby, Kristina Schreck, Frommer's Chile & Easter Island, unnumbered page:
glosses: Trendy, up-to-the-minute.
raw_tags: of a person or product
happening
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhæpɪnɪŋ/
ipa: /ˈhæpənɪŋ/
ipa: [ˈhæpnɪŋ]
ipa: [ˈhæpnɪn]
Forms: form: happenings
Etymology: From Middle English happenyng, equivalent to happen + -ing. As term used in performance art popularized by Allan Kaprow.
Senses: examples: text: Three follow-up singles, all ecological or religious in theme, did chart in the lower reaches of the Hot 100. Thereafter, Ocean remained a Canadian happening.
ref: 1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 271:
synonyms: word: event
word: incident
word: affair
word: befalling
word: episode
word: event
word: goings-on
word: happening
word: hap
word: incident
word: occasion
word: occurrence
word: proceeding
glosses: Something that happens.
examples: text: And it was some kind of happening / Some kind of happening / Salvador Dali's garden party
ref: 1989, “Salvador Dali's Garden Party”, in Privilege, performed by Television Personalities:
glosses: A spontaneous or improvised event, especially one that involves audience participation.
Derived terms: Fappening
happenstance
nonhappening
past historic tense
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Contrary to the frequently-heard contention that the past historic tense is used in writing but more rarely in spoken French, there are only nine instances of this tense, of which seven occur in the speech genres of FRNACO.
ref: 2016, Wendy J. Anderson, The Phraseology of Administrative French: A Corpus-based Study, BRILL, →ISBN, page 189:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: past historic
preterite tense
glosses: A tense used in some languages (such as French and Italian) in narrative, and in spoken language primarily when reading narrative or in storytelling, for completed actions in the past or in speaking of the deceased.
Socratic irony
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Socratic ironies
Senses: glosses: The practice or act of asking someone a question, as though ignorant of the answer, in order to show a flaw in their argument.
Coordinate terms: Socratic method
Related terms: daft laddie question
sustain
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈsteɪn/
ipa: /səˈstæɪn/
rhymes: -eɪn
Forms: form: sustains
Etymology: From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).
Senses: examples: text: To call this music bland is to ignore the down-the-drain vocal fade-aways, the extended sax sustains […]
ref: 2011, Chuck Eddy, Rock and Roll Always Forgets, page 265:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano.
corroborate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈɹɒbəɹeɪ̯t/
ipa: /kəˈɹɑbəɹeɪ̯t/
Forms: form: corroborates
form: corroborating
form: corroborated
form: corroborated
Etymology: First attested in the 1530s; borrowed from Latin corrōborātus (“strengthened”), perfect passive participle of corrōborō (“to support, corroborate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from con- (“together”) + rōborō (“to strengthen”), from rōbur, rōboris (“strength”). Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, otherwise archaic.
Senses: examples: text: The concurrence of all […]corroborates the same truth.
ref: 1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:
glosses: To confirm or support something with additional evidence; to attest or vouch for.
examples: text: As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger, the nerves of the body are corroborated thereby.
ref: 1741, I[saac] Watts, The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To make strong; to strengthen.
Derived terms: corroborable
corroborative
corroborator
corroborate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈrɒbərət/
Forms: form: more corroborate
form: most corroborate
Etymology: First attested in the 1530s; borrowed from Latin corrōborātus (“strengthened”), perfect passive participle of corrōborō (“to support, corroborate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from con- (“together”) + rōborō (“to strengthen”), from rōbur, rōboris (“strength”). Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, otherwise archaic.
Senses: examples: text: There is no Truſting to the Force of Nature, nor to the Brauery of Words; except it be Corroborate by Cuſtome.
ref: 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Custome and Education”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, page 131:
glosses: Corroborated.
raw_tags: as a participle
examples: text: But how unjust this traducement is (if you will reduce things from popularity of opinion to measure of reason) may appear in that we see men are more curious what they put into a new vessel than into a vessel seasoned, and what mould they lay about a young plant than about a plant corroborate; […]
ref: a. 1627 (date written), Francis Bacon, “Of the Advancement of Learning”, in James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, and Douglas Denon Heath, editors, The Works of Francis Bacon, […], volume III, London: Longman and Co.; […], published 1857, →OCLC, page 276:
glosses: Vigorous, grown strong.
raw_tags: as a participial adjective
Related terms: corroboration
intensifier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: intensifiers
Etymology: From intensify + -er; from the most common use of such terms, to intensify an adjective.
Senses: glosses: That which intensifies.
examples: text: “Plus-” and “doubleplus-” are both intensifiers that replace words of different extremities, and the words very and extremely respectively. So words like great, excellent and horrible are rendered redundant in Newspeak, replaced by “plusgood”, “doubleplusgood” and “doubleplusungood” respectively. Note how “un-” has to follow the intensifier prefix.
ref: 2020 August 8, Zui, “Controlled Languages — Newspeak”, in The Language Closet:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: expletive
antonyms: downtoner
glosses: A word or particle that heightens the intensity of meaning of a term.
topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: A chemical agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a photograph.
Derived terms: self-intensifier
modifier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɒdɪfaɪə/
ipa: /ˈmɑdɪfaɪɚ/
Forms: form: modifiers
Etymology: From modify + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who, or that which, modifies.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: qualifier
hypernyms: adjunct
coordinate_terms: supplement
glosses: A word, phrase, or clause that limits or qualifies the sense of another word or phrase. (It may be any of the following: an adjective phrase, an adverb phrase, a prepositional phrase, a noun phrase, or a subordinate clause.)
examples: text: The protected modifier makes a class member visible to subclasses, but not to external code.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A keyword that qualifies the meaning of other code.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Ellipsis of modifier key.
Synonyms: qualifier
Derived terms: access modifier
compound modifier
dangling modifier
immunomodifier
modifier key
small ubiquitin-related modifier
squinting modifier
submodifier
Related terms: postmodifier
premodifier
multiply
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭlʹtĭ-plī
ipa: /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
Forms: form: multiplies
form: multiplying
form: multiplied
form: multiplied
Etymology: From Old French multiplier, from Latin multiplicō, from multi (“many”) + plicō (“I fold”).
The noun presumably derives from the verb.
Senses: examples: text: The motives to refuse obedience to government are many and strong ; impunity will multiply and enforce them
ref: 1786, Fisher Ames, Lucius Junius Brutus:
text: It would indeed be easy to multiply modern authorities respecting locustal food; one more authority shall suffice, from which it will appear that the Arabs make a sort of locust bread.
ref: 1843, Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London:
glosses: To increase the amount, degree or number of (something).
examples: text: when you multiply 3 by 7, you get 21; he multiplied several numbers
text: But that can be ignored, because the USTR has set ε at 4 and φ at 0.25, so when computed give an overall multiplier of 1 for the imports number. And multiplying by 1 makes no difference at all.
ref: 2025 April 3, Felix Salmon, “How to read the White House's tariff formula”, in Axios:
topics: arithmetic
glosses: To perform multiplication on (a number).
raw_tags: with by
glosses: To grow in number.
examples: text: [The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.[…]Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing and thus, by the perverse arithmetic of biological terminology, multiplying.
ref: 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
glosses: To breed or propagate.
examples: text: He had been multiplying, but it occurred to him he needed to resolve the exponents, first.
topics: arithmetic
glosses: To perform multiplication.
examples: text: This follows a similar process, counters having to be removed and replaced at each stage of the remaining part of the calculation except the final one, where 2 multiplies 3 to give 6.
ref: 1983, Graham Flegg, Numbers, Dover, published 2002, →ISBN, page 154:
text: Of all the possible combinations of factors above, only (2#92;cdot4)#43;(3#92;cdot5)#61;23. Carefully arranging the factors, therefore, to ensure that 2 multiplies 4 and 3 multiplies 5, we have
6x²#43;23x#43;20#61;(2x#43;5)(3x#43;4)
ref: 1993, Edward T. Dowling, Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Mathematical Methods for Business and Economics, →ISBN, page 14:
glosses: To be a factor in a multiplication with (another factor).
Synonyms: sense: Synonym
word: manifold
Derived terms: cross-multiply
demultiply
go forth and multiply
multiplee
multipliable
multiplicand
multiplication
multiplicatory
multiplier
multiplying glass
multiplying lens
overmultiply
postmultiply
premultiply
remultiplication
remultiply
unmultiplied
unmultiply
multiply
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭlʹtĭ-plī
ipa: /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
Forms: form: multiplies
Etymology: From Old French multiplier, from Latin multiplicō, from multi (“many”) + plicō (“I fold”).
The noun presumably derives from the verb.
Senses: examples: text: The extended instruction set may double the speed again if a lot of multiplies and divides are done.
ref: 1975, Byte, numbers 1-8, page 14:
text: List the number of adds and multiplies for each of the forms (6) , (7), and (8).
ref: 2004, C. K. Birdsall, A. B. Langdon, Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation, page 75:
topics: computer
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
science
sciences
glosses: An act or instance of multiplying.
multiply
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: mŭlʹtĭ-plī
ipa: /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
enpr: mŭlʹtĭ-plē
ipa: /ˈmʌltɪpli/
enpr: mŭlʹtĭ-plī
ipa: /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
Etymology: From multiple + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In many or multiple ways.
Euro-member
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Euro- + member.
Senses: glosses: Describing each of the 12 members of the European Currency Union who have the Euro as their national currency.
wet lease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wet leases
Etymology: From wet + lease. The origin is uncertain, but it is widely believed that the term wet refers to the inclusion of fuel in the lease agreement.
Senses: topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
coordinate_terms: dry lease
glosses: An agreement in which an airplane, including crew, maintenance and insurance, is leased to another organisation, usually for a short period of time.
glosses: Any similar arrangement for other types of equipment.
Synonyms: topics: aviation
aeronautics
aerospace
engineering
business
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: ACMI lease
Related terms: wet-leasing
verstehen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /və(ɹ)ˈʃteɪ.ən/
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from German Verstehen or German verstehen (“to understand, comprehend”).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
sciences
social-science
sociology
glosses: A stance that attempts to understand the meaning of action from the actor’s point of view, so that the actor is seen as a subject rather than an object of observation.
wikipedia: verstehen
limnology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: limnologies
Etymology: From limno- + -logy.
Senses: examples: text: Although limnology is a young discipline, it has, over the past century, experienced marked growth. Its early descriptive period was a long one, given the enormous diversity of biota and environments in freshwater ecosystems.
ref: 1999, Michael T. Arts, Bruce C. Wainmann, editors, Foreword: Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems, page v:
text: The exercises in this book were set forth initially because of our frustrations in teaching such a complex, multifaceted discipline as limnology.
ref: 2000, Robert G. Wetzel, Gene E. Likens, Preface to the Third Edition: Limnological Analyses, page vii:
text: Reservoir limnology and water quality management are associated with functions such as flood control, hydropower generation, irrigation, and fishery.
ref: 2011, Bo-Ping Han, Zhengwen Liu, editors, Preface: Tropical and Sub-Tropical Reservoir Limnology in China: Theory and Practice, page v:
topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: The science concerning the biological, physical and geological properties of fresh water bodies, especially lakes and ponds.
Synonyms: sense: scientific study of bodies of fresh water
word: freshwater science
Derived terms: landscape limnology
limnologist
paleolimnology
Related terms: limnobiology
limnoecology
limnogeology
limnological
hydrobiology
hydroecology
hydrogeology
hydrology
ideologue
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɒɡ/
ipa: /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/
ipa: /ˈɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/
ipa: /ˈɑɪ.di.ə.lɔɡ/
Forms: form: ideologues
form: ideolog
Etymology: Borrowed from French idéologue (circa 1800), from earlier idéologie (“ideology”) (1796). Classical compound on Ancient Greek roots, equivalent to ideo- + -logue.
Senses: examples: text: An examination of the Nie et al. party and candidate levels over time (shown in Figure 10) reveals that the changes in the number of ideologues in the levels from 1960 to 1964 were caused entirely by changes in the candidate index.
ref: 1989, Eric R. A. N. Smith, The Unchanging American Voter, University of California Press, page 98:
text: Lin Biao's fall reduced the contending political groups to radical ideologues and bureaucrats, the latter headed by Zhou Enlai. Mao tried to bring the two warring groups together, relying on the ideologues to maintain a revolutionary momentum, while counting on the bureaucrats to preserve order and run the economy.
ref: 1991, Hong Yung Lee, From Revolutionary Cadres to Party Technocrats in Socialist China, University of California Press, page 113:
text: The concept of ideology has its origins in the 19th century and was first used as a technical word by Destutt de Tracy. He was also considered the first ideologue, since he applied this word as a substitute for metaphysics.
ref: 2005, Rodney P. Carlisle, editor, Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, page 229:
glosses: A person who advocates an ideology, especially as an official or preeminent advocate.
largely
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: lärjʹ-li
ipa: /ˈlɑːd͡ʒ.li/
ipa: /ˈlɑɹd͡ʒ.li/
ipa: /ˈlaːd͡ʒ.li/
Forms: form: largelier
form: more largely
form: largeliest
form: most largely
Etymology: From large + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: She smiled at Aristide, who smiled at her, and Jean, seeing them happy, smiled largely at them both.
ref: 1924, William John Locke, The Joyous Adventures of Aristide Pujol:
glosses: In a widespread or large manner.
examples: text: They were largely successful in their efforts.
text: Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get; what you get is classical alpha-taxonomy which is, very largely and for sound reasons, in disrepute today.
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:
text: Yet in “Through a Latte, Darkly”, a new study of how Starbucks has largely avoided paying tax in Britain, Edward Kleinbard […] shows that current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate what he calls “stateless income”: […]. In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.
ref: 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:
text: But with the war also still largely stalemated, other theatres of conflict have become more important. In Russia’s case, that includes the secret domain.
ref: 2024 March 18, Dan Sabbagh, “Volkov attack signals Russia’s return to cold war-era spying in Europe”, in The Guardian, →ISSN, archived from the original on 27 Apr 2025:
glosses: For the most part; mainly or chiefly.
examples: text: Usually there was a jug of one or other decoction standing on the hob, from which he drank largely.
"Grand!" he said, smacking his lips after wormwood. "Grand!" And he exhorted the children to try.
ref: 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 2”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:
glosses: On a large scale; amply.
examples: text: It ill beseemes a knight of gentle sort, / Such as ye haue him boasted, to beguile / A simple mayd, and worke so haynous tort, / In shame of knighthood, as I largely can report.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: Fully, at great length.
Synonyms: sense: for the most part
word: by and large
word: for the most part
word: in the main
word: mostly
sense: on a large scale
word: abundantly
sense: on a large scale
word: fully
sense: on a large scale
word: plentifully
sense: at great length
word: at length
kings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɪŋz/
rhymes: -ɪŋz
Senses: glosses: plural of king
topics: card-games
poker
glosses: A pair of kings (playing cards).
kings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɪŋz/
rhymes: -ɪŋz
Senses: topics: card-games
games
synonyms: Ring of Fire
glosses: A drinking game that uses playing cards.
kings
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɪŋz/
rhymes: -ɪŋz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of king
typically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kli/
ipa: /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kə.li/
Forms: form: more typically
form: most typically
Etymology: From typical + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic[…]real kidneys[…]. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.
ref: 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, archived from the original on 25 Jul 2020, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):
glosses: In a typical or common manner.
examples: text: And Netherlands, backed by a typically noisy and colourful travelling support, started the second period in blistering fashion and could have had four goals within 10 minutes.
ref: 2012 June 9, Owen Phillips, “Euro 2012: Netherlands 0-1 Denmark”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 06 May 2021:
glosses: In an expected or customary manner.
Synonyms: sense: in a typical manner
word: commonly
word: most of the time
word: usually
sense: in a customary manner
word: ordinarily
word: routinely
word: normally
Hyponyms: prototypically
typical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/
ipa: [ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəɫ]
ipa: [ˈtɪp.ɪ.kɫ̩]
Forms: form: more typical
form: most typical
form: typicall
Etymology: From Late Latin typicalis, from Latin typicus (“typical”), from Ancient Greek τυπικός (tupikós, “of or pertaining to a type, conformable, typical”), from τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”), equivalent to typic + -al and type + -ical.
Senses: glosses: Capturing the overall sense of a thing.
glosses: Characteristically representing something by form, group, idea or type.
examples: text: Also perpetual is the practice of extending greetings and best wishes for a happy and prosperous New Year.
The most typical traditional greeting is gong xi fa cai (for prosperity). And it certainly has been the most appropriate one since China in late 1978 denounced the political upheaval of the "cultural revolution" (1966-76) and launched its large-scale reform and development programmes.
ref: 1989 February 6 [1989 February 4], “Spring Festival”, in Daily Report: China, number 023, sourced from Beijing CHINA DAILY p 4, →ISSN, →OCLC, National Affairs, page 30, column 1:
text: One typical Grecian kiln engorged one thousand muleloads of juniper wood in a single burn. Fifty such kilns would devour six thousand metric tons of trees and brush annually.
ref: 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:
glosses: Normal, average; to be expected.
examples: text: Celticecis species are definitely known only from the typical subgenus of Celtis, distributed through much of the Holarctic Region.
ref: 2013 September 9, Raymond G. Gagné, John C. Moser, “The North American gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of hackberries (Cannabaceae: Celtis spp.)”, in Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, volume 49:
topics: biology
natural-sciences
taxonomy
glosses: Of a lower taxon, containing the type of the higher taxon.
Derived terms: antitypical
chronotypical
etypical
geotypical
homotypical
hypertypical
ideal-typical
intertypical
isotypical
metatypical
morphotypical
neurotypical
nontypical
normotypical
polytypical
serotypical
subtypical
supertypical
typical bandicoot
typical bush warbler
typicality
typically
typicalness
ultratypical
untypical
Related terms: typal
type
typic
gestalt
gist
resemblance
emblematic
prefigurative
distinctive
typical
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/
ipa: [ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəɫ]
ipa: [ˈtɪp.ɪ.kɫ̩]
Forms: form: typicals
form: typicall
Etymology: From Late Latin typicalis, from Latin typicus (“typical”), from Ancient Greek τυπικός (tupikós, “of or pertaining to a type, conformable, typical”), from τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”), equivalent to typic + -al and type + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: Antipsychotic drugs can be divided into typicals and atypicals.
text: Among the moths, typicals were more common than melanics.
glosses: Anything that is typical, normal, or standard.
jetski
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jetskis
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of jet ski.
jetski
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: jetskis
form: jetskiing
form: jetskied
form: jetskied
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of jet ski.
Derived terms: jetskier
Eurotrash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Euro- + trash. Compare white trash.
Senses: glosses: Continental European entertainment that is of low quality, or is lowbrow.
examples: text: Yes, those hard-partying jet-setters known to American wags as Eurotrash, who flocked to New York City by the Concordeload in the 1980's sporting black mock turtlenecks, leather pants and sometimes dubious aristocratic titles, are back on the town.
ref: 2002 December 8, Julia Chaplin, “A New Eurofestation”, in New York Times:
text: For reasons becoming clear to me / New York City you are dead to me / Well you can turn back time but I'm never coming back / To when you called me Eurotrash
ref: 2018, “Eurotrash”, in Pillycock, performed by Momus:
glosses: European expatriates or visitors to the United States lacking a work ethic and focused on entertainment or leisure.
hazing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈheɪzɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪzɪŋ
Forms: form: hazings
Senses: synonyms: word: ragging
glosses: An initiation or behavior that involves humiliation, harassment or abuse, particularly in universities and in the military.
Derived terms: antihazing
Related terms: dedovshchina
hell week
pennalism
hazing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈheɪzɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪzɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of haze
trisomic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Having three copies of a given chromosome in each somatic cell instead of the usual number of two
trisomic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: trisomics
Senses: glosses: An organism that exhibits trisomy
forbear
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːˈbɛə/
ipa: /fɔɹˈbɛɚ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
ipa: /ˈfɔː.bɛə/
ipa: /ˈfɔɹ.bɛɚ/
ipa: /fɔːˈbɛə/
ipa: /fɔɹˈbɛɚ/
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Forms: form: forbears
Senses: examples: text: [1906] 2004, Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville, Ethel Wedgwood tr.
Sirs, I am quite sure that the King of England's forbears rightly and justly lost the conquered lands that I hold …
text: One does not take one’s family name therefrom, and again the position of the mother in that group is determined through her father and his male forbears in turn; this too is a patrilineal group.
ref: [1936] 2004, Raymond William Firth, We the Tikopia http://print.google.com/print?hl=en&id=Eiji-EnuhXUC&pg=PA345&lpg=PA345&sig=aB2VV0fcWv6lkQPQatQQbDhlm_8
text: Beginning with the bald declaration “I think I was cold in the womb,” the speaker in “The Forbears” then decides that his brother (who died soon after birth) must also have been cold in the womb, like his grandfather John and the forbears who antedated John:
ref: 1997, H. L. Hix, Understanding W. S. Merwin:
glosses: Alternative spelling of forebear.
kilt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɪlt/
rhymes: -ɪlt
Forms: form: kilts
form: kilting
form: kilted
form: kilted
form: kelt
form: quelt
Etymology: From Middle English kilten (“to tuck up, gird”), apparently from North Germanic, ultimately from Old Norse kelta, kjalta (“skirt; lap”). Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *kelt-, *kelþǭ, *kilþį̄ (“womb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“round body; child”). Cognate with Danish kilte (“to tuck”), Swedish kilta (“to swathe”). Related to English child.
Senses: examples: text: Else at her new place worked outdoor and indoor, she'd to kilt her skirts (if they needed kilting – and that was damned little with those short-like frocks) and go out and help at the spreading of dung […].
ref: 1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 385:
glosses: To gather up (skirts) around the body.
kilt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɪlt/
rhymes: -ɪlt
Forms: form: kilts
form: kelt
form: quelt
Etymology: From Middle English kilten (“to tuck up, gird”), apparently from North Germanic, ultimately from Old Norse kelta, kjalta (“skirt; lap”). Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *kelt-, *kelþǭ, *kilþį̄ (“womb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“round body; child”). Cognate with Danish kilte (“to tuck”), Swedish kilta (“to swathe”). Related to English child.
Senses: glosses: A traditional Scottish garment, usually worn by men, having roughly the same morphology as a wrap-around skirt, with overlapping front aprons and pleated around the sides and back, and usually made of twill-woven worsted wool with a tartan pattern.
glosses: Any Scottish garment from which the above lies in a direct line of descent, such as the philibeg, or the great kilt or belted plaid
examples: text: I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I will have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I left New York for the West.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
glosses: A plaid, pleated school uniform skirt sometimes structured as a wraparound, sometimes pleated throughout the entire circumference; also worn by boys in the 19th-century United States.
glosses: A variety of non-bifurcated garments made for men and loosely resembling a Scottish kilt, but most often made from different fabrics and not always with tartan plaid designs.
Synonyms: filibeg
philibeg
Derived terms: bekilted
kilt jacket
kiltless
kiltlike
kiltmaker
kiltmaking
kilt pin
kiltwise
minikilt
unkilt