cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
swap
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: swŏp
note: Indic, spelling pronunciation
ipa: /swæp/
rhymes: -æp
Forms: form: swaps
form: swapping
form: swapped
form: swapped
form: swop
Etymology: From Middle English swappen (“to swap”), originally meaning "to hurl" or "to strike", the word alludes to striking hands together when making an exchange; probably from Old English *swappian, a secondary form of Old English swāpan (“to swoop”). Cognate with German schwappen (“to slosh, slop”). Compare also Middle English swippen (“to strike, hit”), from Old English swipian (“to scourge, strike, beat, lash”), Old Norse svipa (“to swoop, flash, whip, look after, look around”). More at swipe.
Senses: examples: text: In an effort to provide more permanent accommodations, employers may offer employees the opportunity either to swap jobs with a colleague or to transfer to a new position.
ref: 1998, Michael Wolf with Bruce Friedman and Daniel Sutherland, Religion in the workplace, page 98:
text: Chief watched these goings-on without pleasure, and waved them off in disgust when the smarmiest of the two suggested he might wish to swap that elk's tooth for this jug of fine rye whiskey.
ref: 2007, Lloyd Zimpel, A Season of Fire and Ice:
text: The Shah wanted to swap oil for more arms.
ref: 2011, Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, page 253:
synonyms: exchange
switch
trade
glosses: To exchange or give (something) in an non-normal exchange (for something else).
examples: text: And he whipped his sword out of its scabbard, and swapped off the pudding from the black knight's nose. Unfortunately (for him) he swapped off a good bit of the nose, too.
ref: 1954, Edward Eager, Half Magic:
text: "Maybe Apes will grow honest, Sister," said Edmund. "But, by the Lion, if he breaks it again, it may be in such time and place that any of us could swap off his head in clean battle."
ref: 1954, C. S. Lewis, The Horse and His Boy:
glosses: To hit, to strike.
glosses: To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.
glosses: To descend or fall; to rush hastily or violently.
Synonyms: sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: interchange
word: switch
sense: hit, strike
word: bang
word: knock
word: tap
sense: beat the air
word: flap
sense: rush hastily
word: fly
word: speed
word: zoom
Hyponyms: sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: hot-swap
sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: swap in
sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: swap out
Derived terms: face-swap
swap horses in midstream
swap over
swap places
swap spit
swap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: swŏp
note: Indic, spelling pronunciation
ipa: /swæp/
rhymes: -æp
Forms: form: swaps
form: swop
Etymology: From the verb swap. First attested in 1620.
Senses: examples: text: I e’en changed it, as occasion served, with the skippers o’ Dutch luggers and French vessels, for gin and brandy[…] a gude swap too, between what cheereth the soul of man and that which dingeth it clean out of his body
ref: 1819, Sir Walter Scott, Tales of My Landlord, The Bride of Lammermoor:
glosses: An exchange of two comparable things.
topics: business
finance
glosses: A financial derivative in which two parties agree to exchange one stream of non-normal cashflow against another stream.
examples: text: How much swap do you need?
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Space available in a swap file for use as auxiliary memory.
qualifier: Cambridge University slang
glosses: A social meal at a restaurant between two university societies, usually involving drinking and banter; commonly associated with fining and pennying; equivalent to a crewdate at Oxford University.
Synonyms: sense: an exchange of things
word: barter
sense: an exchange of things
word: quid pro quo
sense: an exchange of things
word: trade
Hyponyms: sense: financial derivative
word: credit default swap
sense: financial derivative
word: total return swap
Derived terms: blue chip swap
cookie swap
cum swap
cumswap
face-swap
face swap
formal swap
full swap
hard swap
hot swap
interest rate swap
K-swap
language swap
LS-swap
palette swap
prisoner swap
SIM swap
soft swap
swap body
swapbody
swap box
swap chain
swap file
swaplet
swap line
swap meet
swap partition
swappiness
swap shop
swapsies
swap space
tax swap
Tesla-swap
Yankee swap
swap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: swŏp
note: Indic, spelling pronunciation
ipa: /swæp/
rhymes: -æp
Forms: form: swaps
form: swop
Etymology: From Middle English swap, swappe (“a blow, strike, lash from a whip”), from the verb (see Etymology 1 above).
Senses: glosses: A blow; a stroke.
swop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /swɑp/
ipa: /swɒp/
rhymes: -ɒp
Forms: form: swops
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of swap.
swop
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /swɑp/
ipa: /swɒp/
rhymes: -ɒp
Forms: form: swops
form: swopping
form: swopped
form: swopped
Senses: examples: text: 'We make a pair, by God and by St James! / But, brother, what do you say to swopping names?'
ref: 1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, translated by Nevill Coghill, The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, published 1977, page 315:
glosses: Alternative spelling of swap.
swop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /swɑp/
ipa: /swɒp/
rhymes: -ɒp
Etymology: Blend of swing + hip-hop
Senses: glosses: A fusion of swing and hip-hop dance styles.
polysemic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈlɪs.ɪ.mɪk/
ipa: /pɒ.lɪˈsiː.mɪk/
Forms: form: more polysemic
form: most polysemic
Etymology: From polyseme + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: As a series of polysemic and paradoxical sketches, Jackass does not lend itself to one particular theoretical analysis.
ref: 2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 58:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: polysemantic
polysemous
antonyms: monosemantic
monosemic
monosemous
univocal
glosses: Having a number of senses (meanings) or understandings.
Derived terms: polysemically
Related terms: oligosemic
polyseme
polysemy
homonymous
trade
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹeɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
Etymology: From Middle English trade (“path, course of conduct”), introduced into English by Hanseatic merchants, from Middle Low German trade (“track, course”), from Old Saxon trada (“spoor, track”), from Proto-West Germanic *tradu, from Proto-Germanic *tradō (“track, way”), and cognate with Old English tredan (“to tread”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to tread, walk, step, run”).
Cognate with Dutch trade, tra (“path, trail, course, trade”), German Low German Traad (“track, wagon trail”), Luxembourgish Tratt (“step, pace”), Icelandic tröð (“a lane between fences, enclosure, pen”).
Senses: examples: text: "It is monstrous - grotesque." "But what made him draw such an animal?" "Trade gin, I should think."
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
glosses: Of a product, produced for sale in the ordinary bulk retail trade and hence of only the most basic quality.
Related terms: buy
sell
verb
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /vɜːb/
ipa: /vɝb/
ipa: /vəɹb/
ipa: [vɚ(ɹ)b]
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: verbs
form: verbing
form: verbed
form: verbed
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: verb
form: verb
form: verbed
form: verb
form: verbest
form: verbed
form: verbedst
form: verbs
form: verbeth
form: verbed
form: verb
form: verbed
form: verb
form: verbed
form: verb
form: -
form: verbing
form: verbed
form: vb.
form: v.
Etymology: From Middle English verbe, directly from Latin verbum (“word, verb”), reinforced by Old French verbe, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰo-. Doublet of verve and word.
Senses: examples: text: Haig, in congressional hearings before his confirmatory, paradoxed his auditioners by abnormalling his responds so that verbs were nouned, nouns verbed and adjectives adverbised. He techniqued a new way to vocabulary his thoughts so as to informationally uncertain anybody listening about what he had actually implicationed... .
ref: a. 1981 Feb 22, unknown Guardian editor as quoted by William Safire, On Language, in New York Times, pSM3
text: I like to verb words.... I take nouns and adjectives and use them as verbs. Remember when "access" was a thing? Now it's something you DO. It got verbed. Verbing weirds language.
ref: 1993 January 25, Bill Watterson, Calvin and Hobbes:
text: Nouns should never be verbed.
ref: 1997, David. F. Griffiths, Desmond J. Higham, learning LAT_EX, page 8:
text: In English, verbing nouns is okay
ref: 2005 October 5, Jeffrey Mattison, “Letters”, in The Christian Science Monitor, page 8:
text: Records have been broken, races have been dedicated, dreams have been dreamed, starts have been falsed and nouns have been verbed.
ref: 2011 September 1, Harry Pearson, “London 2012 can legacy by verbing the noun”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 22 Sep 2024:
glosses: To use any word that is or was not a verb (especially a noun) as if it were a verb.
examples: text: For example, one-part versions of the proposition "The doctor pursued the lawyer" were "The doctor verbed the object," ...
ref: 1946, Rand Corporation, The Rand Paper Series:
text: Each sentence had the same basic structure: The subject transitive verbed the object who intransitive verbed in the location.
ref: 1964, Journal of Mathematical Psychology:
text: The sentence frame was Dan verbed Ben approaching the store. This sentence frame was followed in all cases by He went inside.
ref: 1998, Marilyn A. Walker, Aravind Krishna Joshi, Centering Theory in Discourse:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
glosses: Used as a placeholder for any verb.
Related terms: copula
workword
adjective
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /ə(ɖ)ˈdʒɛkʈɪv/
Forms: form: adjectives
Etymology: From Middle English adjectif, adjective, from Old French adjectif, from Latin adiectivus, from adiciō + -īvus, from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + iaciō (“throw”). The Latin word adiectivus in turn was a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón, “added”), a derivative of the compound verb ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from which also comes epithet.
Senses: examples: text: The words “big” and “heavy” are English adjectives.
text: "They'll have to invent new adjectives when I come back. You wait!"
ref: 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 8:
text: "We have fallen into the culture of adjectives and adverbs, and we have forgotten the strength of nouns," he said.
ref: 2019 September 24, Jessie Yeung, quoting Pope Francis, “Pope Francis loves nouns but is ‘allergic’ to adjectives”, in CNN, archived from the original on 27 Sep 2019:
text: The Brazilian football legend, who passed away in December, has been added to the Portuguese edition of the Michaelis dictionary as an adjective to describe someone or something “out of the ordinary.”
ref: 2023 April 27, George Ramsay, “Pelé added to Portuguese dictionary as an adjective for ‘out of the ordinary’”, in CNN, archived from the original on 19 Dec 2024:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes a noun’s referent.
examples: text: it must be an adjective of dain
ref: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The History of the University of Cambridge, since the Conquest, [London]: [[…] Iohn Williams […]], →OCLC:
glosses: A dependent; an accessory.
Synonyms: word: adjective
word: adjective noun
word: adnoun
word: describing word
word: description word
word: noun adjective
Hypernyms: word: noun
word: word
Hyponyms: word: attributive adjective
word: cardinal adjective
word: demonstrative adjective
word: descriptive adjective
word: i-adjective
word: indefinite adjective
word: interrogative adjective
word: limiting adjective
word: na-adjective
word: nominalized adjective
word: adjunct
word: numerical adjective
word: ordinal adjective
word: participial adjective
word: possessional adjective
word: possessive adjective
word: postpositive adjective
word: predicative adjective
word: prepositive adjective
word: privative adjective
word: proper adjective
word: quasi-adjective
word: relational adjective
word: relative adjective
word: substantive adjective
Derived terms: adjectival
adjective clause
adjective dye
adjectivehood
adjectiveless
adjectively
adjective patterns
adjective phrase
adjective pronoun
adjective verb
adjectivism
adjectivitis
adjectivity
adjectivization
common adjective
deadjectival
nonadjective
overadjectived
predicate adjective
proadjective
proper adjective
unadjectived
い-adjective
な-adjective
adjective
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /ə(ɖ)ˈdʒɛkʈɪv/
Etymology: From Middle English adjectif, adjective, from Old French adjectif, from Latin adiectivus, from adiciō + -īvus, from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + iaciō (“throw”). The Latin word adiectivus in turn was a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón, “added”), a derivative of the compound verb ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from which also comes epithet.
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: adjectival
glosses: Adjectival; pertaining to or functioning as an adjective.
examples: text: The whole English law, substantive and adjective.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter X, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
topics: law
synonyms: procedural
antonyms: substantive
glosses: Applying to methods of enforcement and rules of procedure.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
antonyms: substantive
glosses: Needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed.
raw_tags: of a dye
examples: text: In fact, God is of not so much importance in Himself, but as the end towards which man tends. That irreverent person who said that Browning uses “God” as a pigment made an accurate criticism of his theology. In Browning, God is adjective to man.
ref: 1899, John Jay Chapman, Emerson and Other Essays, AMS Press (1969) (as reproduced in Project Gutenberg)
synonyms: dependent
derivative
coordinate_terms: adjunct
adjunctive
adjutant
qualifier: reflected in the chemical sense; but extinct as a general sense; reflected in the chemical sense; but extinct as a general sense
glosses: Incapable of independent function.
adjective
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /ə(ɖ)ˈdʒɛkʈɪv/
Forms: form: adjectives
form: adjectiving
form: adjectived
form: adjectived
Etymology: From Middle English adjectif, adjective, from Old French adjectif, from Latin adiectivus, from adiciō + -īvus, from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + iaciō (“throw”). The Latin word adiectivus in turn was a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón, “added”), a derivative of the compound verb ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from which also comes epithet.
Senses: examples: text: Language has as much occasion to adjective the distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has […] adjectived all three.
ref: 1805, John Horne Tooke, Epea Pteroenta: or The Diversions of Purley Part 2
text: In English, instead of adjectiving our own substantives, we have borrowed, in immense numbers, adjectived signs from other languages[…]
ref: 1832, William Hunter, An Anglo-Saxon grammar, and derivatives, page 46:
glosses: To make an adjective of; to form or convert into an adjective.
glosses: To characterize with an adjective; to describe by using an adjective.
raw_tags: as a participle
Synonyms: adjectify
adjectivize
craft
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɑːft/
rhymes: -ɑːft
ipa: /kɹæft/
rhymes: -æft
ipa: /kɹɐːft/
Forms: form: crafts
form: crafting
form: crafted
form: crafted
Etymology: From Middle English craft (“strength, skill”), from Old English cræft (“strength, skill”), from Proto-West Germanic *kraftu, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz (“strength, power”); further origin obscure.
Cognate with German Kraft (“strength, power, force, energy, employee”) and Danish kraft (“strength, power, force”).
Senses: glosses: To make by hand and with much skill.
examples: state crafting; the process of crafting global policing
glosses: To construct, develop something (like a skilled craftsman).
topics: video-games
glosses: To combine multiple items to form a new item, such as armour or medicine.
Derived terms: craftable
crafter
uncrafted
undercraft
adjectival
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæ.dʒɛkˈtaɪ.vəl/
ipa: /ˌæ.d͡ʒəkˈtaɪ.vəl/
ipa: /ˌæ.d͡ʒəkˈti.vəl/
note: Indic
ipa: /ə(ɖ)ˈdʒɛkʈɪvəl/
rhymes: -aɪvəl
Forms: form: more adjectival
form: most adjectival
Etymology: From adjective + -al.
Senses: examples: text: adjectival syntax
text: adjectival noun
text: As we can have the adjectival forms bright, brighter, brightest, so we can have the adverbial forms brightly, brightlier, brightliest, but degree is alike inconceivable in the adjective ‘round,’ and the A. ‘here.’
ref: 1876, “Ad′verb”, in John M[erry] Ross, editor, The Globe Enyclopædia of Universal Information, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Estes & Lauriat, […], page 25, column 1:
text: Almost all of these names are adjectival in form, derived from some other personal or place-name, usually by the addition of the suffix -ius, -aeus, -eius, or -eus; […]
ref: 1945, E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, “Introduction”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page xv:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: adjective
glosses: Of or relating to or functioning as an adjective.
topics: law
glosses: Of or relating to procedure, especially to technicalities thereof.
Derived terms: adjectivality
adjectivalization
adjectivalize
adjectivally
adjectival phrase
adjectival pronoun
deadjectival
nonadjectival
preadjectival
Related terms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
english: = substantive
translation: = substantive
word: substantival
adjectival
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæ.dʒɛkˈtaɪ.vəl/
ipa: /ˌæ.d͡ʒəkˈtaɪ.vəl/
ipa: /ˌæ.d͡ʒəkˈti.vəl/
note: Indic
ipa: /ə(ɖ)ˈdʒɛkʈɪvəl/
rhymes: -aɪvəl
Forms: form: adjectivals
Etymology: From adjective + -al.
Senses: examples: text: Within this line of reasoning, then, Tagalog is classified as a language in which adjectivals are essentially neutral between a nouny and a verby interpretation.
ref: 2013, Harrie Wetzer, The Typology of Adjectival Predication, page 240:
glosses: An adjectival phrase or clause.
substantive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/
ipa: /səbˈstæntɪv/
Forms: form: substantives
form: subst.
raw_tags: used in lexicography and grammar
Etymology: From Middle English substantif, from Old French substantif.
Senses: examples: text: The Dutch verb beelden and substantive beelding signify form-giving, creation, and by extension image—as do gestalten and Gestaltung in German, where Neo-Plastic[ism] is translated as Die neue Gestaltung.
ref: 1986, Harry Holtzman, Martin S[amuel] James, “The New Plastic in Painting (1917)”, in The New Art—The New Life: The Collected Writings of Piet Mondrian, Boston, Mass.: G. K. Hall & Co., →ISBN, part I (The De Stijl Years: 1917–24), page 27:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: word: noun
english: sensu stricto
translation: sensu stricto
word: noun substantive
hypernyms: noun
glosses: Ellipsis of noun substantive or substantive noun, a noun or a group of words (a noun phrase) that act as a noun (in a sentence).
coordinate_terms: accidental
glosses: Part of a text that carries the meaning, such as words and their ordering.
Derived terms: substantival
substantivally
substantivise
substantivize
verbal substantive
substantive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/
ipa: /səbˈstæntɪv/
Forms: form: substantives
form: substantiving
form: substantived
form: substantived
Etymology: From Middle English substantif, from Old French substantif.
Senses: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: substantivize
nominalize
glosses: To make a word belonging to another part of speech into a substantive (that is, a noun) or use it as a noun.
trade wind
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹeɪd ˈwɪnd/
rhymes: -ɪnd
Forms: form: trade winds
form: trade-wind
form: tradewind
Etymology: Compound of trade (“course, path (of running)”, from 14th c.) + wind, because of their consistent linear direction. Associations with transatlantic trade are a later folk etymology.
Senses: examples: text: They rode the trade winds going west.
text: During the summer months, from November to April, the trade wind is less steady over large parts of the ocean.
ref: 2008, Jimmy Cornell, World Cruising Routes, A&C Black, →ISBN, page 365:
synonyms: easterly
antonyms: westerly
glosses: A steady wind that blows from east to west above and below the equator.
Coordinate terms: westerly
Derived terms: antitrade wind
patronage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪtɹənɪd͡ʒ/
note: in Commonwealth
ipa: /ˈpætɹənɪd͡ʒ/
Forms: form: patronages
Etymology: From Middle English patronage, from Old French patronage (modern French patronage). Equivalent to patron + -age.
Senses: examples: text: His vigorous patronage of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives.
glosses: The act of providing approval and support; backing; championship.
examples: text: The restaurant had an upper-class patronage.
text: The improved service to and from Taunton is fully justified by the passenger patronage to and from this town, which is a railhead for a large surrounding area.
ref: 1961 October, “The winter timetables of British Railways: Western Region”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 590–591:
text: In addition to employment in the area, once you factor in the patronage of people visiting the various sites, it's not difficult to see why it's being redeveloped. The current station building is tiny in comparison to other stations with a similar patronage.
ref: 2021 July 28, Peter Plisner, “The race to the Games has begun”, in RAIL, number 936, page 54:
glosses: Customers collectively; clientele; business.
examples: text: The restaurant had "Thank you for your patronage!" printed on its take-out bags.
glosses: The act or state of being a customer of some business.
glosses: A communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient; condescension; disdain.
examples: text: Patronage, nepotism, cronyism, abuse of power, and criminal activity flourish, sometimes for decades, in numerous town halls, police stations, and special-purpose government agencies in the suburbs.
ref: 2015, Thomas J. Gradel, Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality, University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 117:
topics: government
politics
glosses: Granting favours or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.
examples: text: Each of the Arts whose office is to refine, purify, adorn, embellish and grace life is under the patronage of a Muse, no god being found worthy to preside over them.
ref: 1864, Eliza Farnham, Woman and Her Era:
glosses: Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.
glosses: The right of nomination to political office.
examples: text: Advowson is the right of presentation to a church, or ecclesiastical benefice. Advowson, advocatio, signifies the taking into protection; and therefore is synonymous with patronage
ref: 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:
topics: law
glosses: The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
examples: text: The housekeeper, a very decorative brunette of thirty-five with a pseudo-English accent, greeted him with a mixture of grateful effusion and condescending patronage.
ref: 1946, William Hatfield, Buffalo Jim, Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege, page 70:
glosses: Patronising speech or behaviour.
Derived terms: antipatronage
micropatronage
nonpatronage
patronage system
patronage
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪtɹənɪd͡ʒ/
note: in Commonwealth
ipa: /ˈpætɹənɪd͡ʒ/
Forms: form: patronages
form: patronaging
form: patronaged
form: patronaged
Etymology: From Middle English patronage, from Old French patronage (modern French patronage). Equivalent to patron + -age.
Senses: examples: text: Mingdi continued the policy of his father who had patronaged Confucian learning.
ref: 2003, Hubert Michael Seiwert, Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History, BRILL, →ISBN, page 62:
text: Table 5.4 reveals the role of criminal gangs’ patron under each crime category. From this, we can understand that 74 percent of the mercenaries are patronaged and supported by the politicians either of the ruling or opposition party.
ref: 2004, C.K. Gandhirajan, Organized Crime, APH Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, page 147:
text: To summarize: a person with a party political background is thus defined as ‘a person that has served in (a) […] and/or (b) a non-elective position inside the party administration of patronaged position in another organisation, i.e. the political functionary’.
ref: 2007, Stefaan Fiers, Ineke Secker, “6, A Career through the Party”, in Maurizio Cotta, Heinrich Best, editors, Democratic Representation in Europe, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 138:
glosses: To support by being a patron of.
examples: text: This house is largely patronaged by the professors and students of many of the Educational Institutions of New England and the Middle States; and all perons visiting New York, either for business or pleasure, will find this an excellent place at which to stop.
ref: c. 1880, The Primary Teacher, volume 3, New-England Publishing Company, page 63:
text: Mr. F. A. Welch, of the Oak View Poultry Farm, Salem, starts an add with us this issue. […] Our readers will be treated well, if they patronage Mr. Welch.
ref: 1902 May 23, Oregon Poultry Journal, page 27:
text: Most public establishments catered to Blacks, and Whites actively patronaged some black-owned businesses (Martin 1982, 6, 9–11; Slingsby 1980, 31–32).
ref: 2002, Kevin Fox Gotham, Race, Real Estate, and Uneven Development, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 28:
synonyms: support
keep going
glosses: To be a regular customer or client of; to patronize
deal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dēl
ipa: /diːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Forms: form: deals
Etymology: From Middle English del, dele, from Old English dǣl (“part, share, portion”), from Proto-West Germanic *daili, from Proto-Germanic *dailiz (“part, deal”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ(h₁)-oy-lo- (“part, watershed”). Cognate with Scots dele (“part, portion”), West Frisian diel (“part, share”), Dutch deel (“part, share, portion”), German Teil (“part, portion, section”), Danish, Slovene, and Swedish del (“part”), Icelandic deila (“division, contention”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (dails, “portion”). Related to Old English dāl (“portion”). More at dole.
Senses: examples: text: We gave three deals of grain in tribute to the king.
synonyms: allotment
apportionment
distribution
glosses: A division, a portion, a share, a part, a piece.
examples: text: There is a vast deal of difference in memories, as well as in every thing else, and therefore you should make allowance for your cousin, and pity her deficiency.
ref: 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter II, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 35:
text: There is a deal of obscurity concerning the identity of the species thus multitudinously baptized.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 32, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: “They know our boats will stand up to their work,” said Willison, “and that counts for a good deal. A low estimate from us doesn't mean scamped work, but just that we want to keep the yard busy over a slack time.”
ref: 1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 3, in Well Tackled!:
text: Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
ref: 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:
synonyms: batch
flock
good deal
great deal
hatful
heap
load
lot
mass
mess
mickle
mint
muckle
peck
pile
plenty
pot
quite a little
glosses: An indefinite quantity or amount; a lot (now usually qualified by great or good).
raw_tags: followed by of
Derived terms: sense: indefinite quantity
word: a great deal
sense: indefinite quantity
word: a good deal
sense: indefinite quantity
word: big deal
sense: indefinite quantity
word: real deal
word: afterdeal
word: foredeal
word: half-deal
word: ordalium
word: ordeal
word: overdeal
word: somedeal
deal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dēl
ipa: /diːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Forms: form: deals
Etymology: From Middle English dele (“plank”), from Middle Low German dele, from Old Saxon thili, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þiljǭ (“plank, board”); cognate with Old English þille. Doublet of thill.
Senses: examples: text: 1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., p. 86,
Some Houses were […] entirely lock’d up, the Doors padlockt, the Windows and Doors having Deal Boards nail’d over them,
text: A brisk fire burned in the grate, there were three comfortable chairs, and a deal table with a water carafe, a bucket of coals, and a few other amenities.
ref: 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
glosses: Wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir).
glosses: A plank of softwood (fir or pine board).
examples: text: It shall not be lawful for any person to land any timber, planks or board, deals, staves, tar, pitch, turpentine, rozin or other the commodities aforesaid, on any part of the present quays within the city of Bristol, from any vessel coming into the said port...
ref: 1819, Charles Pope, Practical abridgement of the laws of customs and excise, 5th edition, page CCXLIII:
text: Swedish deals from ports in the Baltic
ref: 1840, John Ramsey McCulloch, “Docks on the Thames (London)”, in A Dictionary Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, volume 1, Thomas Wardle, page 590:
text: 1 deal (US) = 12 ft x 11 in. x 3/2 in. (E)
ref: 2003, François Cardarelli, Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights, and Measures, page 52:
glosses: A wooden board or plank, usually between 12 or 14 feet in length, traded as a commodity in shipbuilding.
Derived terms: bog deal
deal board
deal tree
dealwood
Russian deal
deal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: dēl
ipa: /diːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Etymology: From Middle English dele (“plank”), from Middle Low German dele, from Old Saxon thili, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þiljǭ (“plank, board”); cognate with Old English þille. Doublet of thill.
Senses: examples: text: A plain deal table
text: Deal table in the middle, plain chairs all round the walls, on one end a large shining map, marked with all the colours of a rainbow.
ref: 1899 (please specify the page), Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part:
text: She glanced round the kitchen. It was small and curious to her, with its glittering kissing-bunch, its evergreens behind the pictures, its wooden chairs and little deal table.
ref: 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 6, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:
text: Through the open door you see a red-tiled floor, a large wooden bed, and on a deal table a ewer and a basin.
ref: 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 47”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:
glosses: Made of deal.
merchandise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɜː.t͡ʃənˌdaɪs/
ipa: /-daɪz/
ipa: /ˈmɝ.t͡ʃənˌdaɪs/
ipa: /-daɪz/
ipa: /ˈmɜːt͡ʃəndaɪz/
ipa: /ˈmɝt͡ʃəndaɪz/
ipa: /ˈmɜː.t͡ʃənˌdaɪs/
ipa: /-daɪz/
ipa: /ˈmɝ.t͡ʃənˌdaɪs/
ipa: /-daɪz/
Forms: form: merchandises
form: merchandising
form: merchandised
form: merchandised
form: merchandize
form: merchaundise
form: merchaundize
form: mdse
Etymology: From Middle English marchaundisen (“to engage in commerce, traffic”), from marchaundise (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs).
Senses: glosses: To engage in trade; to carry on commerce.
examples: text: He started his career merchandising in a small clothing store chain.
glosses: To engage in in-store promotion of the sale of goods, as by display and arrangement of goods.
glosses: To engage in the trade of.
examples: text: He got hired to merchandise some new sporting goods lines.
glosses: To engage in in-store promotion of the sale of.
examples: text: The record companies don't get as good a return on merchandising artists under contract.
glosses: To promote as if for sale.
Derived terms: merchandisability
merchandisable
remerchandise
wares
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɛəz/
ipa: /wɛɹz/
ipa: /weːz/
note: without the cheer–chair merger
ipa: /weəz/
note: New Zealand, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /wiəz/
ipa: /weɹz/
note: Lancashire, fair–fur merger
ipa: /wɜː(ɹ)z/
homophone: wears
homophone: warez
homophone: where's (wine–whine merger)
homophone: weirs (cheer–chair merger)
homophone: whirs (wine–whine merger, fair–fur merger)
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)z
Senses: glosses: plural of ware
wares
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /wɛəz/
ipa: /wɛɹz/
ipa: /weːz/
note: without the cheer–chair merger
ipa: /weəz/
note: New Zealand, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /wiəz/
ipa: /weɹz/
note: Lancashire, fair–fur merger
ipa: /wɜː(ɹ)z/
homophone: wears
homophone: warez
homophone: where's (wine–whine merger)
homophone: weirs (cheer–chair merger)
homophone: whirs (wine–whine merger, fair–fur merger)
rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)z
Senses: examples: text: The square was filled with booths, with vendors offering their wares.
text: I call on the Minister to ensure good regulation is applied to moneylenders and so-called independent money advisers, many of whom are former bankers peddling their wares
ref: 2011 October 26, “Report of the Interdepartmental Working Committee on Mortgage Arrears”, in Dáil Éireann:
glosses: Goods or services that are for sale.
Hyponyms: sense: goods for sale
word: merchandise
sense: goods for sale
word: products
Related terms: warez
product
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹɒd.əkt/
ipa: /ˈpɹɒd.ʌkt/
enpr: prŏ′dəkt
ipa: /ˈpɹɑ.dəkt/
ipa: /ˈpɹɑ.dʌkt/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈprɔɖəkʈ/
note: Indic
ipa: /prɵˈɖəkʈ/
Forms: form: products
form: producting
form: producted
form: producted
Etymology: From Middle English product, from Latin prōductus, perfect participle of prōdūcō, first attested in English in the mathematics sense.
Senses: examples: text: The probate of a Testament is the producting and insinuating of it before the Ecclesiastical Judge […]
ref: 1651, The Touchstone of Common Assurances, page 498:
glosses: To produce.
apples and pears
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Get up them apples and pears and into Uncle Ned!
glosses: stairs
eagle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈiːɡəl/
ipa: [ˈiːɡɫ̩]
rhymes: -iːɡəl
homophone: egal
Forms: form: eagles
form: eagling
form: eagled
form: eagled
Etymology: From Middle English egle, from Anglo-Norman egle, from Old French aigle, from Latin aquila. Displaced native Middle English ern, earn, arn, from Old English earn (“eagle”). More at erne.
Senses: topics: golf
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To score an eagle.
sesquipedalianism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɛz.kwɪ.pəˈdɛl.i.ən.ɪsm̩/
ipa: /ˌsɛskwəpəˈdeɪli.ənɪzm̩/
Forms: form: sesquipedalianisms
Etymology: Surface form analyzed as sesquipedalian + -ism, from sesqui- (“one and a half”) + pedalian (“of the foot”).
From Latin sēsquipedālis (“a foot and a half long; in metaphorical use, “of an unnatural length, huge, big””), from sēsqui (“one and a half times as great”) + pedālis (“foot”).
Senses: examples: text: His voice here is a marvelous juxtaposition of cool elegance, unaffected hipness, unabashed sesquipedalianism ("the rich bouquet of exuded sebaceousness") and swell conversational slang (...)
ref: 1995, Michael Cart, From Romance to Realism, →ISBN, page 257:
glosses: The practice of using long, sometimes obscure, words in speech or writing.
glosses: A very long word.
Related terms: sesqui-
sesquipedal
sesquipedian
sesquipedalian
antidisestablishmentarianism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæntiˌdɪsɪˌstæblɪʃmənˈtɛəɹiəˌnɪz(ə)m/
ipa: /ˌæntaɪˌdɪsɪˌstæblɪʃmənˈtɛɚiəˌnɪz(ə)m/
ipa: /ˌæn.ti-/
Forms: form: antidisestablishmentarianisms
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)der.
English anti-
English disestablishmentarianism
English antidisestablishmentarianism
From anti- + disestablishmentarianism.
Senses: examples: text: Jed Rubenfeld, who actually may not have been recycling a Boerne Court- rejected argument into a law review article,⁴⁵⁰ reasoned that RFRA indeed lacked constitutionality, but because of First Amendment antidisestablishmentarianism, and not the reasons offered by the Court.⁴⁵¹
ref: 1998, University of Oklahoma College of Law, American Indian Law Review:
text: The establishmentarianism of Hatch's alliance-building strategy undermined by the disestablishmentarianism of Wiglesworth's treachery triggers an antidisestablishmentarianism in Hawk — but the negation of Wiglesworth's 'dis' coupled with the counter-negation of Hawk's 'anti' does not simply generate a synthetic affirmation of Hatch's 'establishmentarianism'. Instead, Hawk's antidisestablishmentarianism, like a cancerous wart on the end of the nose, is perched at the fuzzy border separating ontology from oncology, malignity from malignancy.
ref: 2002, Angela Hague; David Lavery (credited as editors, but actually authors of the compiled fictional reviews), Teleparody: predicting/preventing the TV discourse of tomorrow:
text: As we said yesterday, the case for antidisestablishmentarianism has never been more threadbare.
ref: 2005 April 9, “Crowning nonsense”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
antonyms: disestablishmentarianism
glosses: A political philosophy opposed to the separation of a religious group (church) and a government (state), especially the belief held by those in 19th-century England opposed to separating the Anglican church from the civil government or to refer to separation of church and state.
Related terms: antidisestablishmentarian
disestablishmentarianism
establish
established church
establishment
dacryocystorhinostomy
floccinaucinihilipilification
hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia
pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
head
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: hĕd
ipa: /ˈhɛd/
ipa: /hɛd/
ipa: /hɛːd/
note: Northumbrian
ipa: /hiːd/
rhymes: -ɛd
Forms: form: heed
form: hed
form: 'ead
form: heead
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kap-
Proto-Indo-European *káput-
Proto-Germanic *haubudą
Old English hēafod
Middle English heed
English head
From Middle English hed, from Old English hēafd-, hēafod (“head; top; chief”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput.
The modern word comes from Old English oblique stem hēafd-; the expected Modern English outcome for hēafod would be *heaved (similar to the Middle English word). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, chef, chief, and Howth.
Cognate with Scots heid, hede, hevid, heved (“head”), Old English hafola (“head”), North Frisian hood (“head”), Dutch hoofd (“head”), German Haupt (“head”), Swedish huvud (“head”), Danish hoved (“head”), Icelandic höfuð (“head”), Latin caput (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), Hindi कपाल (kapāl, “skull”).
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, or intended for the head.
head
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: hĕd
ipa: /ˈhɛd/
ipa: /hɛd/
ipa: /hɛːd/
note: Northumbrian
ipa: /hiːd/
rhymes: -ɛd
Forms: form: heed
form: hed
form: 'ead
form: heead
Etymology: From Middle English heed, from Old English hēafod- (“main”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubida-, derived from the noun *haubid (“head”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hööft-, West Frisian haad-, Dutch hoofd-, German Low German höövd-, German haupt-.
Senses: examples: text: the head cook
text: At the far end of the houses the head gardener stood waiting for his mistress, and he gave her strips of bass to tie up her nosegay. This she did slowly and laboriously, with knuckly old fingers that shook.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXXIX, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 307:
synonyms: chief
glosses: Foremost in rank or importance.
synonyms: first
top
glosses: Placed at the top or the front.
examples: text: head sea
text: head wind
synonyms: foot
tail
glosses: Coming from in front.
pumpkin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: pŭmpʹkin
ipa: /ˈpʌm(p).kɪn/
rhymes: -ʌmpkɪn
rhymes: -ʌmkɪn
Forms: form: pumpkins
form: punkin
Etymology: Alteration of pompion, pumpion (“pumpkin”) with the diminutive -kin, from Middle French pompon, from Latin pepō (whence English pepo), from Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn, “large melon”), from πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”), from πέπτω (péptō, “ripen”). The first attestation is from 1647.
The alternative theory that it may be from Massachusett pôhpukun (“grows forth round”) is false.
The automotive sense is by fancied resemblance.
Senses: examples: text: Nevertheless, the comprehensive comparative analysis of pumpkin viromes across various geographic regions by NGS remains deficient.
ref: 2023 August 23, Batchimeg Togoobat, Nan Wu, Xifeng Wang, Mengji Cao, Zhongtian Xu, “Viromic approach reveals differences in the composition, diversity and relative abundance of pumpkin viruses across main growing regions of China”, in Virology, volume 585, →DOI, pages 61-71:
glosses: A domesticated plant, in species Cucurbita pepo, similar in growth pattern, foliage, flower, and fruit to the squash or melon.
examples: text: There were pumpkins in Mombi’s corn-fields, lying golden red among the rows of green stalks; and these had been planted and carefully tended that the four-horned cow might eat of them in the winter time.
ref: 1904, L. Frank Baum, The Marvelous Land of Oz:
glosses: The round yellow or orange fruit of this plant.
glosses: The typical color of the ripe fruit of the pumpkin plant.
glosses: Any of a number of cultivars from the genus Cucurbita; known in the US as winter squash.
examples: text: You must be daddy’s little pumpkin.
ref: 1991, John Prine, Pat McLaughlin, “Daddy’s Little Pumpkin”, in The Missing Years (album):
glosses: A term of endearment for someone small and cute.
topics: automotive
transport
vehicles
glosses: The housing for a differential, built into an axle of a vehicle; the housing and its contents.
Derived terms: ash pumpkin
Asian pumpkin
blumpkin
butternut pumpkin
easy peasy pumpkin peasy
Japanese pumpkin
Jarrahdale pumpkin
pumpkin ash
pumpkin beetle
pumpkin bomb
pumpkin bread
pumpkin bug
pumpkin chunkin'
pumpkin chunking
pumpkindom
pumpkineer
pumpking
pumpkin head
pumpkin-headed
pumpkinification
pumpkinless
pumpkinlike
pumpkin-on-a-stick
pumpkin pants
pumpkin pie
pumpkin-pie spice
pumpkin pie spice
pumpkin porridge
pumpkinrita
pumpkinseed
pumpkin seed
pumpkin spice
pumpkin spice latte
pumpkin-spice latte
pumpkin spider
pumpkin suit
pumpkintini
Pumpkintown
pumpkinwise
punkin
red pumpkin bug
river pumpkin
sea pumpkin
some pumpkins
turn into a pumpkin
Related terms: calabash
calabaza
gourd
marrow
squash
name
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: nām
ipa: /neɪm/
rhymes: -eɪm
ipa: /n(j)ɑmeɪ/
enpr: nām
ipa: /neɪm/
rhymes: -eɪm
Forms: form: names
form: ñame
form: namé
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish ñame, substituting n for the unfamiliar Spanish letter ñ. Doublet of yam.
Senses: glosses: Any of several types of true yam (Dioscorea) used in Caribbean Spanish cooking.
Synonyms: word: cush-cush
word: greater yam
word: name
word: nomenclature
word: proper name
Hypernyms: word: term
Hyponyms: word: given name
word: middle name
word: surname
word: to-name
word: full name
word: maiden name
word: alias
word: appellation
word: byname
word: code name
word: cognomen
word: designation
word: epithet
word: hypocorism
word: moniker
word: nickname
word: nom de guerre
word: nom de plume
word: pen name
word: pet name
word: pseudonym
word: sobriquet
word: stage name
word: street name
word: anthroponym
word: filename
word: label
portmanteau word
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: portmanteau words
Etymology: First used by Lewis Carroll in 1871, based on the concept of two words packed together, like a portmanteau (“a travelling case having two halves joined by a hinge”).
Senses: examples: text: Well, ‘slithy’ means ‘lithe and slimy.’ ‘Lithe’ is the same as ‘active.’ You see it’s like a portmanteau⸺there are two meanings packed up into one word.
ref: [1871 December 27 (indicated as 1872), Lewis Carroll [pseudonym; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], “Humpty Dumpty”, in Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, pages 126–127:
text: He found the blend "tomax" in "a collection of gratulatory verses presented by the President and Fellows of Harvard College 1 to the new King, George III," dated 1761. A note by the owner of the volume explains the word as a combination of tomahawk and axe: "It is a portmanteau word, which must have been as clear to the average reader in England of 1761 — as clear to George III himself - as brillig and slithy would have been to us, had not Humpty Dumpty kindly explained them."
ref: 1938, Joane Chaffe Miller, Conversion and Fusion in Modern English: A Concise History of the Scholarly Recognition of These Linguistic Processes:
text: 1. Portmanteau Words and Allomorphy - This paper is primarily concerned with the theoretical implications of what have been called portmanteau words (Hockett, 1947)
ref: 1985, Carlos Piera of Cornell University, “On the Representation of Higher Order Complex Words”, in Selected Papers from the XIIIth Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, Chapel Hill, N.C., 24-26 March 1983, page 287:
text: One reason for the popularity of portmanteau words in naming language hybrids may be the fact that the names themselves embody a type of hybridity.
ref: 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 10:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: word: amalgamation
word: blend
word: brunch word
word: frankenword
word: portmanteau
word: portmantologism
word: telescope word
glosses: A word which combines the meaning of two words (or, rarely, more than two words), formed by combining the words, usually, but not always, by adjoining the first part of one word and the last part of the other, the adjoining parts often having a common vowel.
wikipedia: Lewis Carroll
Related terms: univerbation