cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
douzaine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: douzaines
Etymology: Borrowed from French douzaine (“dozen”).
Senses: examples: text: If the eldest son will not accept the valuation set upon it by the town Douzaine, then it will be successively offered to the sons and daughters in rotation, according to seniority […]
ref: 1841, Peter Jeremie, An Essay on the Laws of Real Property in Guernsey, Guernsey:
text: The douzaines of Guernsey, since the year 1844, are represented in the states by deputies, who are delegates rather than representatives.
ref: 1862, David Thomas Ansted, The Channel Islands:
text: There is a parish council called the Douzaine, which, as its name suggests, consists of twelve members.
ref: 1979, Raoul Lemprière, Portrait of the Channel Islands:
text: At a parish meeting held last night, dean of the douzaine Nick Dorey said that although some of the cars had been removed, it would be a lot easier with legal parking restrictions put in place.
ref: 2012 April 26, The Guernsey Press:
glosses: A parish council, consisting of a dean and twelve douzeniers.
hola
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈoʊlɑː/
rhymes: -əʊlə
Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish hola.
Senses: glosses: Hello, hi, hey.
quinzaine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quinzaines
Etymology: Borrowed from French quinzaine.
Senses: glosses: The fifteenth day after a feast day, including both days in the reckoning.
topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
poetry
publishing
writing
glosses: A piece of verse having fifteen syllables.
vingtaine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: vingtaines
Etymology: From French vingtaine.
Senses: glosses: A subdivision of a parish, corresponding to a cueillette in the parish of Saint Ouen.
exoteric
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛksə(ʊ)ˈtɛɹɪk/
ipa: /ˌɛksəˈtɛɹɪk/
rhymes: -ɛɹɪk
Forms: form: exoterics
Etymology: The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin exōtericus + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’). Exōtericus is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐξωτερῐκός (exōterĭkós, “exterior, external, outside”, adjective), from ἐξωτέρω (exōtérō, “more exterior”) (the comparative form of ἔξω (éxō, “external, outer”) (ultimately from ἐκ (ek, “beyond; outside”, preposition), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”)) + -τέρω (-térō) (an inflected form of -τερος (-teros, suffix forming comparative forms)) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, suffix forming adjectives).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
Senses: examples: text: I am an exoteric—utterly unable to explain the mysteries of this new poetical faith. I only know that it is a faith, which except a man do keep pure and undefiled, without doubt he shall be called a blockhead.
ref: 1824 April, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to Knight’s Quarterly Magazine.] Criticisms on the Principal Italian Writers. No. II. Petrarch.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 51:
glosses: A person who is not part of an enlightened inner circle, and not privy to esoteric knowledge; an outsider, an uninitiate.
tundish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtʌn.dɪʃ/
rhymes: -ʌndɪʃ
Forms: form: tundishes
Etymology: From tun + dish.
Senses: examples: text: For filling a bottle with a Tunne-dish.
ref: 1623, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, page iii. i. 431:
text: That? said Stephen. Is that called a funnel? Is it not a tundish?
ref: 1916, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, page 368:
glosses: A kind of funnel used in brewing fitting into the bung-hole of a tun or cask.
glosses: A funnel used in smelting, foundry work etc.
glosses: A funnel used to create a siphonic break in a drainage system and/or provide visual indication of flow, usually in an overflow line.
deep copy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deep copies
form: deep-copy
Senses: examples: text: Don't try to make a deep copy of that: you'll pull in half the database.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A copy of a data structure duplicating not only the structure itself, but all structures to which it is linked.
deep copy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: deep copies
form: deep copying
form: deep copied
form: deep copied
form: deep-copy
Senses: examples: text: I'd prefer to deep copy that in order to avoid complications with updates.
glosses: To make a deep copy of.
examples: text: This is a situation where you either have to deep copy or handle the complication of updates.
glosses: To make a deep copy.
Hypernyms: copy
shallow copy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shallow copies
Senses: examples: text: If you modify that, you'll modify all the shallow copies of the header that points to it.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A copy of a data structure which shares any linked structures with the original.
Hypernyms: copy
underwater
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈwɔːtə/
enpr: ŭndərwôʹtər
ipa: /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/
Forms: form: more underwater
form: most underwater
form: under water
form: under-water
Etymology: From under (preposition) + water.
Senses: examples: text: Watch out for underwater obstacles.
text: He was a pioneer in underwater exploration.
glosses: Beneath the surface of the water; of or pertaining to the region beneath the water surface.
examples: text: When the ship was brought into dry dock, it was found that she had underwater damage.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Beneath the water line of a vessel.
antonyms: above water
solvent#Adjective
in the black
glosses: In difficulty, especially financially.
examples: text: We've been underwater on our mortgage ever since the housing crash.
text: You're underwater. The best thing you can do is just walk away. Let the bank take it back.
ref: 2013 May 13, Underwater (Bates Motel), episode 9 (Television), spoken by Matt Bronstein (Matthew MacCaull), via A&E:
topics: business
finance
glosses: Having negative equity; owing more on an asset than its market value.
topics: business
finance
glosses: Of an option, having a strike price higher (call options) or lower (put options) than the current market price of the underlying asset or financial product; for example, an option to buy shares at $20 when the current market price is $15.
Synonyms: sense: beneath the water surface
word: subaqueous
sense: beneath the water surface
word: subaquatic
sense: beneath the water surface
word: submarine
sense: having negative equity
word: upside down
Derived terms: underwater basket weaving
underwater hockey
underwater lake
underwater rugby
Related terms: keep one's head above water
underground
underseas
underwater
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈwɔːtə/
enpr: ŭndərwôʹtər
ipa: /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/
Forms: form: more underwater
form: most underwater
form: under water
form: under-water
Etymology: From under (preposition) + water.
Senses: examples: text: Can you swim underwater?
glosses: So as to go beneath the surface of the water.
underwater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈwɔːtə/
enpr: ŭndərwôʹtər
ipa: /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/
Forms: form: underwaters
form: under water
form: under-water
Etymology: From under (preposition) + water.
Senses: glosses: Underlying water or body of water, for example in an aquifer or the deep ocean.
examples: text: Practically all wobbling underwaters will take fish aplenty in the hands of a man who really knows how to put them through their stints.
ref: 1923, Sheridan R. Jones, Bait Casting: The Short Rod and How to Use It, page 57:
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: A type of lure which lies beneath the water surface.
underwater
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈwɔːtə/
enpr: ŭndərwôʹtər
ipa: /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/
Forms: form: underwaters
form: underwatering
form: underwatered
form: underwatered
form: under-water
form: under water
form: under-water
Etymology: From under- + water.
Senses: examples: text: Care must be taken not to underwater houseplants in the summer.
text: If your plant is wilting, this could be another sign of overwatering or underwatering.
ref: 2021 July 22, “Is Your Plant Overwatered or Underwatered?”, in Sustained Kitchen:
topics: agriculture
business
horticulture
lifestyle
glosses: To water or irrigate insufficiently.
Related terms: unwatered
gig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: gigs
Etymology: The etymology of the noun is unknown, but compare Old French gigue (“a fiddle”). The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: examples: text: I caught one of the Rolling Stones’ first gigs in Richmond.
text: Hey, when are we gonna get that hotel gig again?
glosses: Originally (music), a performing engagement by a musician or musical group; (by extension, film, television, theater) a job or role for a performer.
examples: text: I had this gig as a file clerk but it wasn’t my style so I left.
text: That guy’s got a great gig over at the bike shop. He hardly works all day.
text: Whether you want to have some occasional translation gigs or turn freelance translating into your fulltime occupation, you'll need to know some essential things […]
ref: 2014 July 24, R. Z. Aklat, “Introduction”, in Become a Freelance Translator, [S.l.]: R. Z. Aklat, →ISBN:
text: In recent decades, "gig" has become just a hip term for any temporary job or stint, with the implication you're not particularly invested in it. I think of the barista or bookstore clerk who responds to my questions with a look that says, "Hey, man, it's a gig. I don't really DO this?" That tone of insouciance has made "the gig economy" the predominant name for what's being touted as the industrial revolution of our times.
ref: 2016 January 11, Geoffrey Nunberg, “Fresh Air: Goodbye Jobs, Hello ‘Gigs’: How One Word Sums Up a New Economic Reality”, in NPR, archived from the original on 13 Feb 2022:
glosses: Any job, especially one that is freelance or temporary, or done on an on-demand basis.
examples: text: I received gigs for having buttons of my uniform undone.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A demerit received for some infraction of a military deportment or dress code.
Derived terms: gig bag
gig economy
gigful
gig-goer
gigification
gigless
giglike
gigography
gigster
gig work
gig worker
gig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: gigs
form: gigging
form: gigged
form: gigged
Etymology: The etymology of the noun is unknown, but compare Old French gigue (“a fiddle”). The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: To play (a musical instrument) at a gig.
examples: text: His sergeant gigged him for an unmade bunk.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: To impose a demerit (on someone) for an infraction of a military deportment or dress code.
examples: text: The Rolling Stones were gigging around Richmond at the time.
topics: broadcasting
entertainment
film
lifestyle
media
music
television
theater
glosses: To engage in a musical performance, act in a theatre production, etc.
glosses: To work at any job, especially one that is freelance or temporary, or done on an on-demand basis.
Derived terms: word: gigging
gig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: gig
form: gigs
Etymology: Sense 1 is a clipping of gigabyte, while sense 2 is a clipping of giga- (prefix multiplying the unit to which it is attached by one billion).
Senses: examples: text: This picture is almost a gig; don’t you want to resize it?
text: My new computer has over 500 gigs of hard drive space.
text: The restore would get through between 13 and 20 gigs of data, and then the tape would fail.
ref: 2003, IT Professional's Guide to E-mail Administration, CNET Networks Inc., →ISBN, page 88:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Clipping of gigabyte (“one billion (1,000,000,000) bytes”).
topics: sciences
glosses: Any unit of measurement having the SI prefix giga-.
gig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: gigs
form: gigging
form: gigged
form: gigged
Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English gigg, gigge, gygge (“spinning object; a top”); further origin uncertain, possibly:
* from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Danish gig (“a top”), dialectal Norwegian giga (“to shake about”)), from Proto-Germanic *gīganą (“to move, wish, desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeyǵʰ-, *gʰeygʰ- (“to yawn, gape, long for, desire”); or
* ultimately onomatopoeic.
Senses 2–4 are thought to derive from sense 1 (“whipping-top”), but their exact relationship is unclear.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: examples: text: His older cousin was just gigging him about being in love with that girl from school.
glosses: To make a joke, often condescendingly, at the expense of (someone); to make fun of.
glosses: Sometimes followed by it: to ride in a gig (“a two-wheeled carriage drawn by a single horse”).
gig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: gigs
Etymology: From Middle English gig, gigge, gegge, possibly either:
* from Old French gigue (“tall, skinny girl”) (modern French gigue), from Old Norse gikkr (“pert person”) (related to Danish gjæk (“fool, jester”), Swedish gäck (“fool, jester; a wag”); see also geck); or
* from Middle English gigg, gigge, gygge (“spinning object; a top”) (see etymology 3).
Senses: synonyms: fizgig
glosses: A frivolous, playful, or wanton young woman; a giglet or giglot.
gig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: gigs
Etymology: The noun is derived from a clipping of fishgig, fizgig, possibly from Spanish fisga (“harpoon”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: examples: text: On toward dusk some little gypsy boys whittled gigs from river-birch limbs and went to a backwater and gigged frogs until they had a basketful.
ref: 1997, Charles Frazier, Cold Mountain, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 122:
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: Synonym of fishgig or fizgig (“a spear with a barb on the end of it, used for catching fish, frogs, or other small animals”).
synonyms: word: fishgig
extra: a spear with a barb on the end of it, used for catching fish, frogs, or other small animals
word: fizgig
extra: a spear with a barb on the end of it, used for catching fish, frogs, or other small animals
gig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: gĭg
ipa: /ɡɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
enpr: jĭg
ipa: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
homophone: jig (one pronunciation)
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: gigs
form: gigging
form: gigged
form: gigged
Etymology: The noun is derived from a clipping of fishgig, fizgig, possibly from Spanish fisga (“harpoon”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Senses: topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: To spear (fish, etc.) with a gig or fizgig.
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: To catch or fish with a gig or fizgig.
Derived terms: word: gigger
word: gigging
Related terms: english: etymologically unrelated
translation: etymologically unrelated
word: sheela-na-gig
fertility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fə(ɹ)ˈtɪlɪti/
ipa: /fɝˈtɪləti/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈfɜːʳʈiliʈi/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈfɜːʳʈajliʈi/
rhymes: -ɪlɪti
Forms: form: fertilities
Etymology: From Middle French fertilité, from Latin fertilitas, equivalent to fertile + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: Muckspreading increases the fertility of the soil.
text: Men may also have fertility challenges, especially if their hypogonadism was caused by anabolic steroid use. Anabolic steroids can affect testicular health, including reducing the production of sperm.
ref: 2018 June 25, James Roland, “What is Hypergonadism?”, in Healthline:
glosses: The condition, or the degree, of being fertile.
glosses: The birthrate of a population; the number of live births per 1000 people per year.
glosses: The average number of births per woman within a population.
Synonyms: fecundity
fertileness
Derived terms: antifertility
autofertility
fertility clinic
fertility cult
fertility drug
fertility tourism
fosmid
hyperfertility
hypofertility
interfertility
nonfertility
oncofertility
overfertility
prefertility
self-fertility
semifertility
soil fertility
subfertility
superfertility
infertility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: infertilities
Etymology: From Middle French infertilité, from Late Latin infertilitas.
Senses: examples: text: Soil infertility is a major problem for farmers.
glosses: The condition of being infertile; of having poor fertility.
examples: text: Infertility is a considerable obstacle for women wishing to make a family.
glosses: The inability to conceive children.
Derived terms: absolute uterine factor infertility
absolute uterine infertility
sinusitis-infertility syndrome
social infertility
subinfertility
Related terms: fertility
infertile
sterility
infertile
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈfɜː(ɹ)taɪl/
ipa: /ɪnˈfɝtɪl/
Forms: form: more infertile
form: most infertile
Etymology: From Middle French infertile, from Late Latin infertilis.
Senses: examples: text: The soil was too infertile to grow crops.
text: The couple sought medical advice for infertile conditions.
text: Deserts are often infertile and unable to support vegetation.
glosses: Not fertile.
Derived terms: infertilely
infertileness
Related terms: infertility
fertile
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɜːtaɪl/
ipa: /ˈfɜːtəl/
ipa: /ˈfɝːtəl/
ipa: /ˈfɝːtaɪl/
ipa: /ˈfɝːtaɪl/
homophone: firtle
homophone: furtle (one US pronunciation)
Forms: form: more fertile
form: most fertile
Etymology: From Middle English, from Middle French fertile, from Old French fertile, from Latin fertilis (“fruitful, fertile”), from ferō (“I bear, carry”).
Senses: glosses: Of land, etc.: capable of growing abundant crops; productive.
synonyms: word: productive
word: prolific
word: pregnant
word: batful
word: fertile
word: fruitful
word: thriving
word: yielding
word: yieldly
word: voluminous
glosses: Of one's imagination, etc.: active, productive, prolific.
examples: text: Most women at the age of fifty are not fertile.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
synonyms: word: childing
antonyms: barren
infertile
sterile
glosses: Capable of reproducing; fecund, fruitful.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Capable of developing past the egg stage.
examples: text: There are two basic fertile materials: uranium-238 and thorium-232.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Not itself fissile, but able to be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor.
Derived terms: cross-fertile
equifertile
fertile as a turtle
Fertile Crescent
fertilely
Fertile Valley
fertiloscope
fertiloscopy
hyperfertile
hypofertile
interfertile
nonfertile
overfertile
postfertile
prefertile
self-fertile
semifertile
superfertile
unfertile
Related terms: fertilisation
fertilization
fertilise
fertilize
fertiliser
fertilizer
fertility
fertileness
subfertile
fertiliser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fertilisers
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of fertilizer.
Derived terms: biofertiliser
trio
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹi.əʊ/
ipa: /ˈtɹioʊ/
rhymes: -iːəʊ
Forms: form: trios
Etymology: PIE word
 *tréyes
1715-25; borrowing from Italian trio.
Senses: examples: text: I'm cooking crab cakes with arugula and mayonnaise, griddled lamb with rosemary potatoes and buttered spinach, then a trio of desserts.
ref: 2015, Kate Hardy, Bachelor at Her Bidding:
text: These are exciting times for England and particularly for this group. Six of this side won the Under-17s European Championship in 2014 and the attacking trio from Everton and Liverpool – Ademola Lookman, Dominic Solanke and Calvert-Lewin – had an excellent tournament.
ref: 2017 June 11, Ben Fisher, “England seal Under-20 World Cup glory as Dominic Calvert-Lewin strikes”, in the Guardian:
glosses: A group of three people or things.
glosses: A group of three musicians.
examples: text: I love his music, but it is a bit disconcerting to realize that you could die in extreme old age and still only be familiar with a mere handful of the baryton trios.
ref: 2013, Simon Winder, Danubia, Picador, published 2014, page 281:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A piece of music written for three musicians.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A passage in the middle of a minuet, frequently in a different key.
glosses: Any cocktail made with a spirit, a liqueur, and a creamy ingredient.
glosses: Synonym of three-in-one (“type of fast food”).
synonyms: word: three-in-one
extra: type of fast food
Synonyms: sense: group of three
word: threesome
word: triad
word: trine
word: trinity
word: troika
word: triumvirate
word: tern
word: ternary
word: ternion
word: threeness
word: trinary
word: trio
word: triplet
Hypernyms: word: group
Hyponyms: word: triennium
word: trilogy
word: triumvirate
Coordinate terms: word: duo
word: quartet
word: quintet
word: sextet
Meronyms: word: threeling
Derived terms: Golden Trio
power trio
string trio
trio sonata
Related terms: word: solo - 1
word: duo - 2
word: triplet - 3
word: quartet - 4
word: quintet - 5
word: sextet - 6
word: number
word: tierce
coprolite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coprolites
Etymology: From copro- + -lite.
Senses: examples: text: This coprolite (the technical term for palaeo-poo) has yielded much to modern scrutiny. First, it is completely devoid of plant matter, including the corn and other plants that the Anasazi Pueblo people of the region lived on.
ref: 2000 September 7, Henry Gee, “Eating people - is it bad taste?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN, archived from the original on 09 May 2014:
text: Almost inevitably, he became the leading authority on coprolites – fossilized faeces – and had a table made entirely out of his collection of specimens.
ref: 2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything:
text: Analyses of the DNA fragments preserved in the moa and kakapo coprolites showed that moa and kakapo fed on fungi.
ref: 2018 April 4, Hanneke Meijer, “On fossil poo and picky eaters: a new study sheds light on New Zealand's past ecosystem”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 04 Apr 2018:
glosses: A fossil consisting of petrified dung.
Derived terms: coprolitic
coprophile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: coprophiles
Etymology: From copro- (“dung”) + -phile (“loving”).
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of coprophil.
glosses: A feces-loving organism.
topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: An organism (typically microorganisms and fungi) living off or growing in dung or other fecal matter.
Related terms: coprophagist
coprophiliac
coprophilic
coprophilous
coprophagia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of coprophagy.
retrosexual
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: retrosexuals
form: retro-sexual
Etymology: Blend of retro + metrosexual. Apparently coined in the early 2000s by blogger Grau Magus.
Senses: examples: text: Think of him as the anti-metrosexual, the opposite of that guy who emerged in the 1990s in all his pedicured, moussed-up, skinny-jeans glory. That man-boy was searching for his inner girl, it was argued. The retrosexual, however, wants to put the man back into manhood.
ref: 2010 April 7, Lini S. Kadaba, Philadelphia Inquirer:
glosses: A man who embraces traditional masculinity in his dress and behavior.
examples: text: It's been so long I've become a retrosexual.
glosses: One who has not had sex in a very long time.
Related terms: metrosexual
retrosexuality
retrosexism
coprophagic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more coprophagic
form: most coprophagic
Etymology: From copro- + -phagic.
Senses: examples: text: In his painting, Le Jeu Lugubre, he says, ‘the drawers bespattered with excrement were painted with such minute and realistic complacency that the whole little Surrealist group was anguished by the question: Is he coprophagic or not?’
ref: 1944, George Orwell, Benefit of Clergy: Some Notes on Salvador Dali:
glosses: Engaging in coprophagia.
Synonyms: stercophagic
stercophagous
non sequitur
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌnɒn ˈsɛk.wɪ.tə/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˌnɑn ˈsɛk.wɪ.tɚ/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˌnɒn ˈsɛk.wɪ.tɚ/
ipa: /ˌnɔn ˈsek.wɪ.tə/
Forms: form: non sequiturs
form: non sequuntur
form: non-sequitur
form: nonsequitur
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin nōn sequitur (literally “it does not follow”).
Senses: examples: text: Having a costumed superhero abduct the vicar was an utter non sequitur in the novel.
text: Non sequiturs, gratuitous acts, frustrating ellipses, ambiguities, a dearth of emotion: Miss [Lillian] Hellman avails herself of all these current techniques in telling a story that she keeps telling us may not be a story at all.
ref: 1980 May 13, Anatole Broyard, “Books of The Times”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
narratology
sciences
glosses: Any abrupt and inexplicable transition or occurrence.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
synonyms: fallacy
antonyms: sequitur
glosses: Any invalid argument in which the conclusion cannot be logically deduced from the premises.
examples: text: Ralph Wiggum is generally employed as a bottomless fount of glorious non sequiturs, but in “I Love Lisa” he stands in for every oblivious chump who ever deluded himself into thinking that with persistence, determination, and a pure heart he can win the girl of his dreams.
ref: 2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in AV Club:
glosses: A statement that does not logically follow a statement that preceded it.
topics: comedy
entertainment
lifestyle
coordinate_terms: paraprosdokian
glosses: A kind of pun that uses a change of word, subject, or meaning to make a joke of the listener’s expectation.
Derived terms: nonsequitous
nonsequiturial
Related terms: sequence
anacoluthon
apropos of nothing
deus ex machina
fallacy
paradox
what does that have to do with the price of tea in China
destruction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/
rhymes: -ʌkʃən
Forms: form: destructions
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English destruccioun, from Old French destrucion, from Latin dēstructiō, dēstructiōnem.
Senses: examples: text: The destruction of the condemned building will take place at noon.
text: It may be that a free society as we have known it carries in itself the forces of its own destruction, that once freedom has been achieved it is taken for granted and ceases to be valued, and that the free growth of ideas which is the essence of a free society will bring about the destruction of the foundations on which it depends.
ref: 1949, F. A. Hayek, “The Intellectuals and Socialism”, in University of Chicago Law Review, volume 16, number 3, Chicago: University of Chicago, →DOI, pages 431-432:
text: About 1500 B.C., however, a powerful earthquake caused widespread destruction, and thereafter there were major changes. An earlier script, undeciphered, but known as Linear A, was replaced by the Greek Linear B.
ref: 1988, Joseph Tainter, “Introduction to collapse”, in The Collapse of Complex Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 9:
glosses: The act of destroying.
examples: text: Amid the seemingly endless destruction, a single flower bloomed.
text: If destruction be our lot we must ourselves be its author and finisher. As a nation of freemen we must live through all time or die by suicide.
ref: 1838 January 27, Abraham Lincoln, The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions (Lyceum Address), Springfield, Illinois; published in Marion Mills Miller, editor, Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, volume 3, New York: Current Literature Publishing Co., 1907, page 15:
glosses: The results of a destructive event.
examples: text: A group of wild cats is called a destruction.
ref: 2019 June 6, “A gaggle, a confusion and a conspiracy - bizarre animal collective group names”, in BBC:
glosses: A group of feral cats.
Synonyms: word: annihilation
word: demolition
word: destruction
word: elimination
word: eradication
word: extermination
word: extinguishment
word: extirpation
word: obliteration
word: razing
word: uprooting
word: wiping out
Hyponyms: self-destruction
Derived terms: angiodestruction
autodestruction
creative destruction
cyclodestruction
cytodestruction
demand destruction
destructional
destructionism
destructionist
destruction permit
macrodestruction
mass destruction
megadestruction
mutual assured destruction
mutually assured destruction
neurodestruction
nondestruction
phosphodestruction
photodestruction
thermodestruction
weapon of mass destruction
Related terms: word: devastation
word: destroy
word: disaster
word: killing
detail
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdiːteɪl/
ipa: /ˈditeɪl/
ipa: /dɪˈteɪl/
ipa: /dɪˈteɪl/
ipa: /dɪˈteɪl/
rhymes: -iːteɪl
rhymes: -eɪl
Forms: form: details
form: detailing
form: detailed
form: detailed
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French détail, from Old French detail, from detaillier, from de- + taillier (“to cut”).
Senses: examples: text: I'll detail the exact procedure to you later.
text: It is a sunny morning in Amman and the three uniformed judges in Jordan’s state security court are briskly working their way through a pile of slim grey folders on the bench before them. Each details the charges against 25 or so defendants accused of supporting the fighters of the Islamic State (Isis), now rampaging across Syria and Iraq under their sinister black banners and sending nervous jitters across the Arab world.
ref: 2014 November 27, Ian Black, “Courts kept busy as Jordan works to crush support for Isis”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: specify
glosses: To explain in detail.
examples: text: We need to have the minivan detailed.
glosses: To clean carefully (particularly of road vehicles, always pronounced. /ˈdiːteɪl/)
examples: text: Two years after England’s World Cup victory, Stiles was at Wembley again to help Manchester United become the first English team to win the European Cup final. Again Eusébio was one of his opponents, playing for Benfica, and again Stiles was detailed to keep him quiet. […]
ref: 2020 October 30, Brian Glanville, “Nobby Stiles obituary”, in The Guardian:
topics: government
law-enforcement
military
politics
war
synonyms: detach
second#Etymology_3
glosses: To assign to a particular task.
Derived terms: detailing
detailingly
leer
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɪə/
ipa: /lɪɹ/
ipa: /liə/
ipa: /liːɹ/
note: East Anglia, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /lɛː/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lear
homophone: lair (cheer–chair merger)
Forms: form: leers
form: leering
form: leered
form: leered
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: leer
form: leer
form: leered
form: leer
form: leerest
form: leered
form: leeredst
form: leers
form: leereth
form: leered
form: leer
form: leered
form: leer
form: leered
form: leer
form: -
form: leering
form: leered
Etymology: Exact development uncertain, but apparently from a verb *leer (“to make a face, look sideways”), from leer (“cheek, face, profile”).
Senses: examples: text: And she looked to Mr. –––– / And leered like a love-sick pigeon.
ref: 1834 [1799], Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, “The Devil's Thoughts”, in The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge, volume II, London: W. Pickering, page 86:
text: I thought I saw him leer in an ugly way at me while the decanters were going round, but as there was no love lost between us, that might easily be.
ref: 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter XXXVIII, in Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:
text: The Baroness perceived that her entertainer had analyzed material comfort to a sufficiently fine point. And then he possessed the most delightful chinoiseries—trophies of his sojourn in the Celestial Empire: pagodas of ebony and cabinets of ivory; sculptured monsters, grinning and leering on chimney-pieces, in front of beautifully figured hand-screens; […]
ref: 1878, Henry James, chapter VI, in The Europeans, Macmillan and Co.:
text: It was a quarter well stocked with deformed, leering, unkempt and uncombed idiots, who held out hands or caps and begged piteously.
ref: 1880, Mark Twain [pseudonym] (Samuel L[anghorne] Clemens), chapter XVIII, in A Tramp Abroad; […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company; London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 163:
text: “Hush! Don’t say that. You have done enough evil in your life. My God! Don’t you see that accursed thing leering at us?”
ref: 1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London; New York, N.Y.; Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:
synonyms: ogle
glosses: To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent.
examples: text: But Bertran has been taught the Arts of Court, / To guild a Face with Smiles; and leer a man to ruin.
ref: 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act I, page 6:
glosses: To entice with a leer or leers.
leer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɪə/
ipa: /lɪɹ/
ipa: /liə/
ipa: /liːɹ/
note: East Anglia, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /lɛː/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lear
homophone: lair (cheer–chair merger)
Forms: form: leers
Etymology: Exact development uncertain, but apparently from a verb *leer (“to make a face, look sideways”), from leer (“cheek, face, profile”).
Senses: examples: text: Nevertheless humanity stood before him no longer in the pensive sweetness of Italian art, but in the staring and ghastly attitudes of a Wiertz Museum, and with the leer of a study by Van Beers.
ref: 1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter XXXIX, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC:
text: “[…]They say he has sold himself to the devil for a pretty face. It’s nigh on eighteen years since I met him. He hasn’t changed much since then. I have, though,” she added, with a sickly leer.
ref: 1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London; New York, N.Y.; Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:
text: I rose and bade him good-night, with a last impression of him leaning back in his dressing-gown, a sodden cigar-end in the corner of his mouth, his beard all slopped with whisky, and his half-glazed eyes looking sideways after me with the leer of a satyr.
ref: 1895, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, The Stark Munro Letters: […], London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC:
text: “[…]I have friends—good friends—like you, Dr. Seward”; this was said with a leer of inexpressible cunning.
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, chapter XX, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:
text: There was a nasty leer upon his face as he stepped close to her and spoke again. I could not hear his words, but her answer came clearly.
ref: 1913 December – 1914 March, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “In Durance”, in The Warlord of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., published September 1919, →OCLC:
glosses: A significant side glance; a glance expressive of some passion, as malignity, amorousness, etc.; a sly or lecherous look.
glosses: An arch or affected glance or cast of countenance.
Derived terms: leeringly
leery
leer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɪə/
ipa: /lɪɹ/
ipa: /liə/
ipa: /liːɹ/
note: East Anglia, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /lɛː/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lear
homophone: lair (cheer–chair merger)
Forms: form: leers
form: lyre
form: lire
form: lere
Etymology: From Middle English ler, leor (“face, cheek”), from Old English hlēor (“face, cheek, profile”), from Proto-West Germanic *hleuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hleuzą (“ear, cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlews- (“temple of the forehead, cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Scots lire, lere (“face, appearance, complexion”), Dutch lier (“cheek”), Swedish lyra (“pout”), Norwegian lia (“hillside”), Icelandic hlýr (“the face, cheek, countenance”). Related to Old English hlyst (“sense of hearing, listening”) and hlysnan (“to listen”). More at list, listen.
Senses: examples: text: No ladie (quoth the earle with a lowd voice, and the tears trilling downe his leeres)
ref: 1577, Raphaell Holinshed, The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC:
glosses: The cheek.
glosses: The face.
examples: text: a Rosalind of a better leer than you
ref: c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
glosses: One's appearance; countenance.
examples: text: Here's a young lad fram'd of another leer.
Look, how the black slave smiles upon the father;
ref: c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:
glosses: Complexion; hue; colour.
glosses: Flesh; skin.
glosses: The flank or loin.
leer
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɪə/
ipa: /lɪɹ/
ipa: /liə/
ipa: /liːɹ/
note: East Anglia, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /lɛː/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lear
homophone: lair (cheer–chair merger)
Forms: form: more leer
form: most leer
form: lear
Etymology: From Middle English lere, from Old English ġelǣr, *lǣre (“empty, void, empty-handed”), from Proto-Germanic *lēziz, *lēzijaz (“empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to collect, pick”). Cognate with Dutch laar (“a clearing in the woods”), German leer (“empty”). Related to Old English lesan (“to gather, collect”). More at lease.
Senses: examples: text: The horse runs leere away without the man.
ref: 1591, John Harington, Orlando Furioso:
synonyms: word: vacant
word: void
word: empty
word: empty as a pauper's purse
word: empty as the tomb on Easter
word: clean
word: leer
word: toom
word: unfilled
word: vacant
word: vacuumlike
word: vacuous
word: void
glosses: Empty; unoccupied; clear.
synonyms: word: absent
word: awanting
word: absent
word: awanting
word: bereft of
word: deficient of
word: deprived of
word: destitute of
word: devoid of
word: lacking
word: leer
word: robbed of
word: shorn of
word: stripped of
word: void of
word: wanting
glosses: Destitute; lacking; wanting.
glosses: Faint from lack of food; hungry.
glosses: Thin; faint.
examples: text: a leer horse
ref: 1629 (first performance), B[en] Jonson, The New Inne. Or, The Light Heart. […], London: […] Thomas Harper, for Thomas Alchorne, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
glosses: Having no load or burden; free; without a rider.
examples: text: leer words
glosses: Lacking sense or seriousness; trifling; frivolous.
Derived terms: leerness
leer
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɪə/
ipa: /lɪɹ/
ipa: /liə/
ipa: /liːɹ/
note: East Anglia, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /lɛː/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lear
homophone: lair (cheer–chair merger)
Forms: form: leers
form: leering
form: leered
form: leered
Etymology: From Middle English leren, from Old English lǣran (“to teach, instruct, guide, enjoin, advise, persuade, urge, preach, hand down”), from Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, footprint, furrow, trace”). Cognate with Dutch leren (“to teach, to learn”), German lehren (“to teach”), Swedish lära (“to teach”). Related to Old English lār (“lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine, study, precept, exhortation, advice, instigation, history, story, cunning”). See lore.
Senses: glosses: To teach.
glosses: To learn.
leer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɪə/
ipa: /lɪɹ/
ipa: /liə/
ipa: /liːɹ/
note: East Anglia, cheer–chair merger
ipa: /lɛː/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
homophone: lear
homophone: lair (cheer–chair merger)
Forms: form: leers
Etymology: See lehr.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of lehr.
leger
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɛdʒə(ɹ)
homophone: ledger
Forms: form: more leger
form: most leger
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French legier, from Old French legier, apparently from Late Latin *leviārium, from levis (“light in weight”). See levity.
Senses: glosses: Light; slender, slim; trivial.
Related terms: legerity
leger
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɛdʒə(ɹ)
homophone: ledger
Forms: form: more leger
form: most leger
Etymology: A variant of ledger.
Senses: examples: text: a leger ambassador
glosses: Lying or remaining in a place; hence, resident.
leger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɛdʒə(ɹ)
homophone: ledger
Forms: form: legers
Etymology: A variant of ledger.
Senses: examples: text: Sir Edward Carne, the queen's leger at Rome
ref: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):
glosses: An ambassador or minister resident at a court or seat of government; a leiger or lieger.
glosses: Anything that lies in a place; that which, or one who, remains in a place.
examples: text: The Leger exhibits at one view the accounts with an individual, as it contains on the Dr. [debt] side whatever he has received, and on the Cr. [credit] side whatever he has paid. […] Let each account be posted from the Day Book in its proper place in the Leger. If a mistake be made, let it be corrected by an account in the Day Book, clearly stating the correction, and then let this account be posted in its proper place in the Leger, that no blot or erasure may disfigure its pages.
ref: 1822, Nicolas Pike, Chester Dewey, “Book Keeping”, in A New and Complete System of Arithmetick. Composed for the Use of Citizens of the United States, 4th edition, Troy, N.Y.: Printed and published by W[illia]m S. Parker, […], →OCLC, page 490:
text: [T]his city of "merchants, whose counting-houses are their churches, whose money is their God, and whose legers, (defaced legers, of course, the delegate from Indiana will understand me,) whose legers are their bibles."
ref: 1837 December 20, Thomas P. Cope, Speech of Thomas P. Cope of Philadelphia, on Banks and Currency. […], [Philadelphia, Pa.]: Printed at No. 46 Carpenter Street, published 1838, →OCLC, page 9:
text: The original charges, however, are made in what is called a day book, where they are written one after another, in the order in which the transactions occur. During the hours of leisure, these charges are copied into another book, […] the account of each man being placed under his name. This book is called the leger. The act of copying from the day book into the leger is called posting.
ref: 1843, George Leonard, Jr., “Book-keeping. [Book-keeping by Single Entry. Lesson 229.]”, in A Practical Treatise on Arithmetic, […], 12th stereotyped edition, Boston, Mass.: Otis, Broaders, and Company; […], →OCLC, page 311:
glosses: Alternative form of ledger (“book for keeping notes, especially one for keeping accounting records”).
leger
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɛd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɛdʒə(ɹ)
homophone: ledger
Forms: form: legers
form: legering
form: legered
form: legered
Etymology: A variant of ledger.
Senses: examples: text: Night-lines are made of water-cord, with the hooks about half-a-yard apart, baited with worms, loach, gudgeons, &c.; a brick is fastened to each end of the line to sink it, or a peg at one end and a brick at the other, and laid obliquely across the stream. They are also often taken when Legering for Barbel, […]
ref: 1864, “Otter” [pseudonym; H. Jervis Alfred], “Eel, Lamprey and Lampern”, in The Modern Angler, Containing Instructions in the Art of Fly-fishing, Spining and Bottom-fishing, […], London: Alfred & Son, […], →OCLC, part I, page 68:
text: Messrs. E. Frost and Tomkins, at Monkey Island, in two days, caught 80 lbs. weight of chub, dace, and roach with the fly and cheese paste, and in legering a trout of 2¼ lbs.
ref: 1878, “The Fishing Season”, in Once a Week, volume VIII (Fourth Series), London: Published at the offices, 19, Tavistock Street, W.C., →OCLC, page 95, column 1:
text: The added advantage of legering a small bait rather than freelining one is that you can tighten up harder to the bait and so spot runs earlier.
ref: 1997, Paul Gustafson, “Rigs”, in How to Catch Bigger Pike from Rivers, Lochs and Lakes, London: Collins Willow, HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN; republished as How to Catch Big Pike: All the Insight and Technique You Need to Catch Bigger Pike, whatever the Location, London: Robinson, an imprint of Little, Brown Book Group, 2016, →ISBN, page 160:
text: The flounder spends its life between the tideline and the 25 to 30 fathoms mark, but they are often caught several miles upstream in freshwater rivers by anglers legering worms or gentles.
ref: 1998, Martin James, “Flounder”, in Paul Morgan, editor, Saltwater Flyfishing: Britain and Northern Europe, Machynlleth, Powys: Coch-y-Bonddu Books, published 2006, →ISBN, page 156:
topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: Alternative form of ledger (“to use (a certain type of bait) in bottom fishing; to engage in bottom fishing”).