cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
handbill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: handbills
form: hand bill
form: hand-bill
Etymology: From hand + bill (“sheet of paper”).
Senses: examples: text: Messengers for Mankind.—By Wilfrid L. Randell. [...] Among the many illustrations is a reproduction of the historic handbill of the Great Western Railway announcing the introduction of the railway electric telegraph more than 100 years ago.
ref: 1941 March, “Railway Literature”, in Railway Magazine, page 144:
glosses: A loose printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.
Related terms: advertisement
booklet
brochure
catalogue
catalog
circular
flier
flyer
junk mail
leaflet
pamphlet
hand bill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hand bills
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of handbill.
Related terms: advertisement
booklet
brochure
catalogue
catalog
circular
flier
flyer
junk mail
leaflet
pamphlet
handbook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhændˌbʊk/
Forms: form: handbooks
Etymology: 1814, from hand + book, or perhaps a reintroduction of Middle English hond book, hondebooke, from Old English handbōc (“handbook”), or a calque of German Handbuch (“handbook”). Compare Dutch handboek, Danish håndbog, Swedish handbok.
Senses: synonyms: manual
enchiridion
glosses: A topically organized book of reference on a certain field of knowledge, regardless of size, but archetypally one to be kept readily at hand.
examples: text: The extent of the business done in this line is not understood by those who have not looked into it. In New York there are 50 pool rooms and 500 handbooks; in East St. Louis, 20 handbooks; in Chicago, 5 pool rooms and 200 handbooks; […]
ref: 1916, U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on interstate commerce, Prevention of Transmission of Race-gambling Bets, page 23:
text: Persons subject to his rule can be found operating, in addition to the wire service, wire service relays, handbooks, gambling houses, prostitution establishments, coin-operated device companies, bars, restaurants, night clubs, motels, […]
ref: 1961, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Gambling and Organized Crime: Hearings:
topics: gambling
games
coordinate_terms: sportsbook
glosses: A place where illicit bets can be placed.
Derived terms: employee handbook
handbooking
Related terms: bookie
handbreadth
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: handbreadths
Etymology: Alteration (due to breadth) of Middle English handbrede, hondbrede (“handbreadth”); equivalent to hand + breadth. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Houndebratte (“handbreadth”), West Frisian hânbreedte (“handbreadth”), Dutch handbreedte (“handbreadth”), German Handbreite (“handbreadth”) and Handbreit, Swedish handsbredd (“handbreadth”), Norwegian håndsbredd (“handbreadth”), Icelandic handbreidd (“handbreadth”).
Senses: examples: text: Behold, thou hast made my days as an handbreadth; and mine age is as nothing before thee:
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalm 39:5:
text: […] I saw the library casement open a handbreadth; I knew I might be watched thence; so I went apart into the orchard.
ref: 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter XXIII, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC:
text: She followed him into the scullery, and combed her hair before the handbreadth of mirror by the back door.
ref: 1928, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 14, in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Gutenberg edition, [Florence, Italy]: [ […] Tipografia Giuntina, […]], →OCLC; republished as Lady Chatterley’s Lover (eBook no. 0100181h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, August 2011, archived from the original on 11 Nov 2020:
glosses: A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm.
Synonyms: word: tefach
word: tefah
handcart
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: handcarts
form: hand-cart
form: hand cart
Etymology: From hand + cart.
Senses: examples: text: Vendors were selling sunglasses, bagged snacks, and sundry other items from handcarts in the square.
glosses: A cart designed to be pulled or pushed by hand (as opposed to with a beast of burden.)
Derived terms: to hell in a handcart
handcart
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: handcarts
form: handcarting
form: handcarted
form: handcarted
form: hand-cart
form: hand cart
Etymology: From hand + cart.
Senses: glosses: To transport in this kind of cart.
halleluiah
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of hallelujah.
halleluiah
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: halleluiahs
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of hallelujah.
hallelujatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs
lullaby
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlʌləbaɪ/
Forms: form: lullabies
form: lullabye
Etymology: From Middle English lullen (“to lull”) + bye. First recorded circa 1560. Compare Old English bī, bī (“lullaby!”, interjection).
Senses: examples: text: sing a lullaby
glosses: A cradlesong, a soothing song to calm children or lull them to sleep.
Synonyms: berceuse
cradle song
Derived terms: lullabyish
lullabylike
rockabye
Related terms: hushaby
lull
lullaby
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlʌləbaɪ/
Forms: form: lullabies
form: lullabying
form: lullabied
form: lullabied
form: lullabye
Etymology: From Middle English lullen (“to lull”) + bye. First recorded circa 1560. Compare Old English bī, bī (“lullaby!”, interjection).
Senses: glosses: To sing a lullaby to.
Watson
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɒtsn̩/
ipa: /ˈwɑts(ə)n/
Etymology: From Wat + -son.
Senses: examples: text: Albert Bigelow Paine, his biographer to be and literary executor, who has been constantly with him, said that for the last year at least Mr. Clemens had been weary of life. When Richard Watson Gilder died, he said: "How fortunate he is. No good fortune of that kind ever comes to me."
ref: 1910 April 22, “Mark Twain is Dead at 74”, in The New York Times:
glosses: A northern English and Scottish surname originating as a patronymic.
glosses: Any character who acts as a catalyst for the detective protagonist's mental processes in a mystery story; a consciousness that is privy to facts in the case without being in on the conclusions drawn from them until the proper time. After William L. DeAndrea, discussing Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
glosses: A suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
glosses: A town in the Rural Municipality of Lakeside No. 338, Saskatchewan, Canada.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Alabama.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Desha County, Arkansas.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Effingham County, Illinois.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Clark County, Indiana.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Clayton County, Iowa.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community and census-designated place in Livingston Parish, Louisiana.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Chippewa County, Minnesota.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Atchison County, Missouri.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Lewis County, New York.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Seneca County, Ohio.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in McCurtain County, Oklahoma.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Loudoun County, Virginia.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Marion County, West Virginia.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An electoral division in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Derived terms: elementary, my dear Watson
Watsonian
Watsonish
Watson Island
Watson syndrome
Related terms: Doctor Watson
fictional character in
and narrator of the Sherlock Holmes stories
James D. Watson
co-discoverer of the structure of DNA
Watt
ruin
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹuː.ɪn/
ipa: [ˈɹuwɪn]
rhymes: -uːɪn
Forms: form: ruins
form: ruining
form: ruined
form: ruined
form: ruint
form: ruint
Etymology: From Middle English ruyne, ruine, from Old French ruine, from Latin ruīna (“overthrow, ruin”), from ruō (“I fall down, tumble, sink in ruin, rush”).
Senses: examples: text: With all these purchases, you surely mean to ruin us!
text: In one way, indeed, he bade fair to ruin us; for he kept on staying week after week, and at last month after month, so that all the money had been long exhausted...
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
glosses: To cause the fiscal ruin of; to bankrupt or drive out of business.
examples: text: He ruined his new white slacks by accidentally spilling oil on them.
text: By the fireside there are old men seated, / Seeing ruined cities in the ashes.
ref: 1857, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Golden Mile-Stone:
glosses: To destroy or render something no longer usable or operable.
examples: text: My car breaking down just as I was on the road ruined my vacation.
synonyms: undo
glosses: To upset or overturn the plans or progress of, or to have a disastrous effect on something.
examples: text: I used to love that song, but being assaulted when that song was playing ruined the song for me.
glosses: To make something less enjoyable or likeable.
glosses: To reveal the ending of (a story); to spoil.
examples: text: Though he his house of polisht marble build, / Yet shall it ruine like the Moth's fraile cell
ref: 1636, George Sandys, Paraphrase upon the Psalmes and upon the Hymnes dispersed throughout the Old and New Testaments:
glosses: To fall into a state of decay.
examples: text: The young libertine was notorious for ruining local girls.
glosses: To seduce or debauch, and thus harm the social standing of.
Synonyms: destroy
fordo
ruinate
wreck
Related terms: ruination
ruinable
ruiner
ruinous
ruint
AKA
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: /ˈækə/
Forms: form: a/k/a
form: A.K.A.
form: a.k.a.
form: aka
Senses: examples: text: That man by the bar is Frank, AKA "the lady killer".
glosses: Initialism of also known as.
AKA
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: /ˈækə/
Forms: form: a/k/a
form: A.K.A.
form: a.k.a.
form: aka
Senses: examples: text: “The player should usually be able to play more quickly than that and is encouraged to do so,” the guidelines state, with golfers that exceed 40 seconds – AKA “bad time” – “informed as soon as practicable” by a tournament official.
ref: 2023 May 4, Jack Bantock, “Tee-k Tock: The ‘appalling’ slow play controversy riling golf’s biggest stars”, in CNN:
text: “This color is golden blonde in color and tone, with ‘10k gold lights’ that have a cool reflect for the perfect sparkle,” says celebrity hairstylist Matt Rez, who claims this will be the biggest hair color trend this fall (aka take notes).
ref: 2024 September 5, Beth Gillette, “24 Fall Hair Colors Every Celebrity Is Asking for Rn”, in Cosmopolitan:
synonyms: word: better put
word: i.e.
word: in other words
word: put differently
word: that is
word: that is to say
word: to put it another way
word: what this means is
glosses: Used to introduce an explanation or clarification: in other words, i.e.
Related terms: FKA
PKA
abomasus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæ.boʊˌmeɪ.səs/
Forms: form: abomasi
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of abomasum.
impassible
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpasɪbəl/
Forms: form: more impassible
form: most impassible
Etymology: From Old French impassible.
Senses: synonyms: word: emotionless
word: unfeeling
word: alexithymic
word: apathistical
word: clinical
word: dull
word: cold-blooded
word: cold-hearted
word: dead inside
word: dispassionate
word: emotionless
word: immovable
word: impassible
word: impassive
word: insensible
word: nonemotional
word: nonfeeling
word: nonpassionate
word: nonsentimental
word: stolid
word: unemotional
word: unfeeling
word: unmovable
word: unpassionate
word: unsentimental
glosses: Unable to feel emotion; impassive.
examples: text: [W]e say it is unreasonable, that this [the bread or host of the Eucharist] should be changed into flesh, […] into that body of Christ, which is in heaven; he remaining there, and being whole and impassible, and unfrangible, this, we say, is unreasonable and impossible: […]
ref: 1653 (indicated as 1654), Jeremy Taylor, “The Real Presence and Spiritual of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament, Proved against the Doctrine of Transubstantiation. Section XI. The Doctrine of Transubstantiation is Wholly Without, and against, Reason.”, in Reginald Heber, editor, The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D. […], volume X, London: Ogle, Duncan, and Co. […]; and Richard Priestley, […], published 1822, →OCLC, paragraph 5, page 21:
glosses: Incapable of suffering detriment or injury.
topics: lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: Unable to suffer, or feel pain.
glosses: Misspelling of impassable.
Derived terms: impassibility
impassibleness
impassibly
Related terms: passible
impassive
impatient
spider
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: spīʹdə
ipa: /ˈspaɪ̯də/
enpr: spīʹdər
ipa: /ˈspaɪ̯dɚ/
enpr: spīʹdər
ipa: [ˈspʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)]
homophone: Spyder
rhymes: -aɪdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: spiders
form: spidering
form: spidered
form: spidered
Etymology: From Middle English spiþre, spydyr, spider, spiþer, from Old English spīþra (“spider”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinþrijō, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną (“to spin”). Mostly displaced attercop (“spider, unpleasant person”), now a dialectal term.
Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *mězgyrь (whence Russian мизги́рь (mizgírʹ)) (akin to Latvian mežģīt), Turkish örümcek (akin to örmek).
Senses: examples: text: A year later she returned to El Cap and spidered up the wall again — this time in 23 hours.
ref: 2001, Life Books, Life: The Greatest Adventures of All Time, Time Home Entertainment Incorporated, →ISBN:
text: They saved the hall though the facing and part of the roof had to be torn out and replaced, men spidered over the building to repair it before Coaker's arrival.
ref: 2009, Michael Crummey, Galore: A novel, Doubleday Canada, →ISBN:
text: Briefly he considered letting go to glide along in Radu's wake as the assassin spidered up the wall.
ref: 2012, David Gross, Lord of Stormweather: Sembia: Gateway to the Realms, Wizards of the Coast, →ISBN:
glosses: To move like a spider.
examples: text: High walls surrounded it on all sides, each one covered with the skeletal stems of climbing plants that spidered across the stones, and the ground was cobbled between patches of frozen grass.
ref: 2011, Jenna Burtenshaw, Wintercraft: Blackwatch, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
text: Large cracks spidered across the mask's glass where the nozzle had hit.
ref: 2011, MJ Ware, Super Zombie Juice Mega Bomb, MJA Ware, →ISBN:
text: Moss spidered across the stone, fresh green. Seaweed sprouted bright yellows and ochres between the vast webs of fingers.
ref: 2013, Mary Gentle, Rats and Gargoyles, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
glosses: To cover a surface like a cobweb.
examples: text: The online dictionary is regularly spidered by search engines.
glosses: To follow links on the World Wide Web in order to gather information.
raw_tags: of a computer program
Related terms: arachnid
damp
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: dămp
ipa: /dæmp/
rhymes: -æmp
Forms: form: damper
form: dampest
Etymology: From Middle English dampen (“to stifle; suffocate”). Akin to Low German damp, Dutch damp, and German Dampf (“vapor, steam, fog”), Icelandic dampi, Swedish damm (“dust”), and to German dampf imperative of dimpfen (“to smoke”). Also Middle English dampen (“to extinguish, choke, suffocate”). Ultimately all descend from Proto-Germanic *dampaz.
Senses: examples: text: 25 January 2017, Leena Camadoo writing in The Guardian, Dominican banana producers at sharp end of climate change
Once the farms have been drained and the dead plants have been cut down and cleared, farmers then have to be alert for signs of black sigatoka, a devastating fungus which flourishes in damp conditions and can destroy banana farms.
text: She said no more. The trembling Trojans hear,
O'erspread with a damp sweat and holy fear.
ref: 1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 364, lines 84-85:
text: The lawn was still damp so we decided not to sit down.
text: The paint is still damp, so please don't touch it.
glosses: In a state between dry and wet; moderately wet; moist.
examples: text: 27 July 2016, Jane O’Faherty in The Irish Independent, Monarchs and prison officers win big on second race day
Though Travis's 'Why does it always Rain on Me' boomed around the stands, there were few damp spirits in Galway on day two of the races.
text: All these and more came flocking; but with looks / Down cast and damp.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 522-3:
glosses: Despondent; dispirited, downcast.
examples: text: The Roadhouse was twenty-seve miles down the road from Niniltna, nine feet and three inches outside the Niniltna Native Association's tribal jurisdiction, and therefore not subject to the dry law currently in effect. Or was it damp? Kate thought it might have changed, yet again, at the last election, from dry to damp, or maybe it was from wet to damp.
ref: 2002, Dana Stabenow, A Fine and Bitter Snow, →ISBN, page 32:
glosses: Permitting the possession of alcoholic beverages, but not their sale.
Synonyms: sense: in a state between dry and wet
word: moist
word: thoan
word: thone
word: wet
sense: despondent
word: glum
word: melancholy
word: sorrowful
word: sad
Derived terms: bedamp
damp down
damp-dry
dampen
damp haze
dampish
damply
dampness
damp off
dampsome
damp squib
damp squid
dampth
dampy
damp
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: dămp
ipa: /dæmp/
rhymes: -æmp
Forms: form: damps
form: damping
form: damped
form: damped
Etymology: From Middle English dampen (“to stifle; suffocate”). Akin to Low German damp, Dutch damp, and German Dampf (“vapor, steam, fog”), Icelandic dampi, Swedish damm (“dust”), and to German dampf imperative of dimpfen (“to smoke”). Also Middle English dampen (“to extinguish, choke, suffocate”). Ultimately all descend from Proto-Germanic *dampaz.
Senses: examples: text: Hydraulic shock absorbers are used to damp out vertical and lateral oscillations.
ref: 1960 February, “The first of London's new Piccadilly Line trains is delivered”, in Trains Illustrated, page 93:
glosses: To suppress vibrations (mechanical) or oscillations (electrical) by converting energy to heat (or some other form of energy).
examples: text: to damp cloth
text: It just damps a bit, but it een't not to sey reen.
ref: 1890, Lord Henry Haughton Reynolds Moreton, A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester, page 136:
synonyms: moisten
glosses: To dampen; to make moderately wet.
examples: text: How many a day has been damped and darkened by an angry word!
ref: 1887, Sir John Lubbock, The Pleasures of Life:
text: My Lords, that I am yet to be told that it behoves a Minister of this free country to set bounds to the philanthropy, to cramp the charity, to fetter the public spirit, to contract the enterprise, to damp the independent self-reliance of its people.
ref: 1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, “Book 1 Chapter 34”, in Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:
text: The failure of his enterprise damped the spirit of the soldiers.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
text: I do not mean to wake the gloomy form Of superstition dress'd in wisdom's garb, To damp your tender hopes
ref: 1744, Mark Akenside, The Pleasures of the Imagination:
text: Usury dulls and damps all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring if it were not for this slug
ref: 1625, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the chapter)”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
glosses: To put out, as fire; to weaken, restrain, or make dull.
Derived terms: dampable
damp down
dampingly
damp off
nondamping
overdamp
underdamp
Australian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: note: General Australian, Macquarie Dictionary
ipa: /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/
note: General Australian, Macquarie Dictionary
ipa: /əˈstɹeɪljən/
ipa: /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/
ipa: /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/
ipa: /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/
ipa: /-ɹɛl-/
ipa: /-ɹejə/
ipa: /əˈstɹɛliːən/
ipa: /ɒsˈtɹeɪ.liː.ən/
ipa: /ɒsˈtɹeɪ.li.jən/
ipa: /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/
ipa: /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/
ipa: /ɔˈstɹeɪljən/
ipa: /ɑˈstɹeɪljən/
ipa: /ɒsˈtɹeɪ.ljən/
Forms: form: Australians
Etymology: From Australia + -an.
Senses: examples: text: An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.
ref: 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:
text: It is outrageous and indefensible that Sally Roycroft is deprived of a freedom that we legally confer on every French person. It is time she was given a fair suck of the sauce bottle, as the Australians say.
ref: 2013 August 26, Oliver Milman, quoting Boris Johnson, “Boris Johnson calls for free labour exchange between UK and Australia”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 Aug 2019:
glosses: A person from the country of Australia or of Australian descent.
glosses: A person from the continent of Australia.
glosses: A language of the country or continent of Australia; Australian (Australian English).
Australian
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: note: General Australian, Macquarie Dictionary
ipa: /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/
note: General Australian, Macquarie Dictionary
ipa: /əˈstɹeɪljən/
ipa: /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/
ipa: /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/
ipa: /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/
ipa: /-ɹɛl-/
ipa: /-ɹejə/
ipa: /əˈstɹɛliːən/
ipa: /ɒsˈtɹeɪ.liː.ən/
ipa: /ɒsˈtɹeɪ.li.jən/
ipa: /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/
ipa: /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/
ipa: /ɔˈstɹeɪljən/
ipa: /ɑˈstɹeɪljən/
ipa: /ɒsˈtɹeɪ.ljən/
Etymology: From Australia + -an.
Senses: glosses: The Australian, an Australian newspaper.
Related terms: english: an Australian (person)
translation: an Australian (person)
word: Aussie
word: austral
word: Australia
word: Australiana
word: Australianism
english: the Australian language
translation: the Australian language
word: Strine
word: antipodean
dampen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdæmpən/
rhymes: -æmpən
Forms: form: dampens
form: dampening
form: dampened
form: dampened
Etymology: From damp + -en.
Senses: glosses: To make damp or moist; to make moderately wet.
glosses: To become damp or moist.
examples: text: We won't let the bad news dampen our spirits.
text: He was dreadfully familiar with everything, and talked about some places we were longing to see in a way that considerably dampened our enthusiasm.
ref: 1883 "Pomona's Daughter", Frank R. Stockton, in The Century, vol. XXVI, number 1, May, page 25
text: Pregnant women are 20 times as likely as other healthy young women to contract listeriosis, probably because in pregnancy the immune system is dampened to prevent rejection of the fetus.
ref: 2007 October 16, Jane E. Brody, “Despite Strides, Listeria Needs Vigilance”, in The New York Times:
text: The firm said changes in consumer behaviour had also dampened demand for the powder.
ref: 2020 May 20, “J&J to sell baby powder in UK despite stopping US sales”, in BBC, London: BBC, retrieved 22 May 2020:
glosses: To lessen; to dull; to make less intense (said of emotions and non-physical things).
glosses: To suppress vibrations (mechanical) or oscillations (electrical) by converting energy to heat (or some other form of energy).
glosses: To become damped or deadened.
Derived terms: dampen down
dampener
dampeningly
dampen off
redampen
undampened
damper
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: dămp′ər
ipa: /ˈdæmpɚ/
rhymes: -æmpə(ɹ)
Etymology: From damp (adjective) + -er.
Senses: glosses: comparative form of damp: more damp
dampish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈdæmpɪʃ/
Forms: form: more dampish
form: most dampish
Etymology: From damp + -ish.
Senses: examples: text: All suddenly dim woxe the dampish ayre, / And griesly shadowes couered heauen bright [...].
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: c. 1600, author unknown, once attributed to William Shakespeare, The Merry Devil of Edmonton, London: J.M. Dent, 1897, Act I, Scene 3 https://archive.org/details/merrydevilofedmo00fabe
We'll first hang Enfield in such rings of mist / As never rose from any dampish fen: / I'll make the brinèd sea to rise at Ware, / And drown the marshes unto Stratford Bridge;
glosses: Characterised by noxious vapours; misty, smoky.
examples: text: Miles of long, dark-brown, dampish-looking galleries stretch away to the right and left, and though devoid of the picturesque festoons of fungi which decorate the London Dock vaults, exhibit a sufficient degree of mouldiness to give them an air of respectable antiquity.
ref: 1879, Henry Vizetelly, chapter X, in Facts about Champagne and Other Sparkling Wines, London: Ward, Lock & Co, page 111:
text: I remember very clearly the feeling of sitting there reading it; the dampish clay of the trench bottom underneath me, the constant shifting of my legs out of the way as men hurried stopping down the trench, the crack-crack-crack of bullets a foot or two overhead.
ref: 1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter VI, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:
text: I was four but I turned four hundred maybe,
Encountering the ancient dampish feel
Of a clay floor. Maybe four thousand even.
ref: 1991, Seamus Heaney, “Squarings xl”, in Seeing Things, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, page 94:
text: Her hand was warm, lying there in his, dampish, fingers interlaced with his.
ref: 2006, William Trevor, “An Afternoon”, in Cheating at Canasta, New York: Viking, published 2007, page 99:
glosses: Moderately damp or moist.
Derived terms: dampishly
dampishness
dampishly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more dampishly
form: most dampishly
Etymology: From dampish + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a moderately damp or moist manner.
dampishness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From dampish + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being moderately damp or moist.
dampne
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: dampnes
form: dampning
form: dampned
form: dampned
Senses: examples: text: But lete them be ware least they dampne not their owne wretched sowles.
ref: 1547, Anne Askew, The lattre examinacyon of Anne Askewe in 1996, Elaine V. Beilin, The Examinations of Anne Askew, Oxford University Press, page 86
text: But when he wayeth the fault, and recompence, / He dampneth this hys dede and fyndeth playne / Atwene them two no whytt equiualence: […]
ref: a. 1542, Sir Thomas Wyatt, Certayne Psalmes in 1810, Samuel Johnson, The Works of the English Poets: from Chaucer to Cowper, volume 2, page 395
text: For hereby shall be a great occasion to satisfie the Princess Dowager and the Lady Mary, which doe thinke that they sholde dampne thair sowles if thay sholde abandon and relinquish thair astats.
ref: a. 1556, Thomas Cranmer, Certayne Psalmes in 1836, Richard Challoner, Modern British Martyrology, Keating, Brown & Co., page 58
glosses: Obsolete form of damn.
dampness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dampnesses
Etymology: From damp + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: With 3,600 h.p. underfoot, acceleration was reasonably brisk, but the flickering wheel-slip indicator light showed the prudence of not putting full power through the traction motors while there were traces of early-morning dampness on the rails.
ref: 1960 August, R. K. Evans, “Railway Modernisation in Spain”, in Trains Illustrated, page 494:
text: They hadn't reckoned with the attendant personality disorders, which the coldness, the darkness, the dampness, the crampedness and the loneliness were doing nothing to decrease.
ref: 1982, Douglas Adams, Life, the Universe and Everything, page 136:
glosses: Moderate humidity; moisture; moistness; the state or quality of being damp.
examples: text: The dampness in the writing paper caused the ink to spread and smudge.
glosses: The degree to which something is damp or moist.
damp off
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: damps off
form: damping off
form: damped off
form: damped off
Senses: examples: text: Sweet alyssum seedlings are particularly prone to damping off, so do not overmoisten the soil.
ref: 1991, Complete Guide to Gardening and Landscaping, page 213:
glosses: Of plants: to decay and perish through excessive moisture.
Austrian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/
Forms: form: more Austrian
form: most Austrian
Etymology: From Austria + -n.
Senses: examples: text: Austrian borders
glosses: Of, from, or pertaining to Austria.
examples: text: Austrian cuisines
hypernyms: European
glosses: Of or pertaining to its people or their cultures.
glosses: Of or relating to a school of economic thought based on the concept of methodological individualism: that social phenomena result from the motivations and actions of individuals.
Derived terms: Austrian copper
Austrian copper rose
Austrian Empire
Austrian lip
Austrian Netherlands
Austrian oak
Austrian peaweed
Austrian pine
Austrian syndrome
Austrian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/
ipa: /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/
Forms: form: Austrians
Etymology: From Austria + -n.
Senses: glosses: A person from Austria or of Austrian descent.
glosses: An economist supporting the ideals of the Austrian School of Economics.
Related terms: Austro-
dampy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdæmpi/
rhymes: -æmpi
Forms: form: more dampy
form: most dampy
form: dampie
Etymology: From damp + -y.
Senses: glosses: Somewhat damp.
examples: text: Dispel dampy thoughts.
text: For, in the easy Vale if she be set below, no
What is she but obscure ? and her more dampy shade
And covert, but a den for beasts of ravin made
ref: 1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, reprint edition, published 1876, song 7:
glosses: Dejected; gloomy; sorrowful.
Derived terms: dampiness
successism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From success + -ism, probably after the Japanese 成功主義.
Senses: glosses: The ideology of striving for competition; achievement-orientation.
glosses: The worship or idealization of success.
photography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈtɒɡ.ɹə.fi/
ipa: /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/
note: Indic, without stress shift from photograph
ipa: /pʰoʈoɡɾæpʰi/
rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi
Forms: form: photographies
Etymology: From French photographie. By surface analysis, photo- + -graphy, together meaning "drawing with light" or "representation by means of lines", "drawing". From φωτός (phōtós, “of light”, genitive), and γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).
Senses: examples: text: go on a photography course
glosses: The art and technology of producing images on photosensitive surfaces, and its digital counterpart.
glosses: The occupation of taking (and often printing) photographs.
Derived terms: aerial photography
aerophotography
antiphotography
astrophotography
chromophotography
chronophotography
cinemaphotography
cinephotography
color photography
digital photography
director of photography
electrophotography
fan camera photography
femto-photography
femtophotography
flash photography
foodtography
glamour photography
Kirlian photography
lithophotography
Lomography
macrophotography
metaphotography
microphotography
multiphotography
mycography
orthophotography
phoneography
photographist
principal photography
psychic photography
pyrophotography
radiophotography
rephotography
reprography
scanography
schlieren photography
spectrophotography
spirit photography
stereophotography
telephotography
thoughtography
tri-camera photography
ultramicrophotography
Related terms: phonography
photographer
photographic
Gambel's quail
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Gambel's quails
Etymology: After William Gambel, American naturalist.
Senses: glosses: A quail of North America (of the US-American southwest and the Mexican northwest), Callipepla gambelii.
wikipedia: William Gambel
covey
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kŭvʹē
ipa: /ˈkʌvi/
rhymes: -ʌvi
ipa: /ˈkəʊvi/
enpr: kōʹvē
ipa: /ˈkoʊvi/
rhymes: -əʊvi
enpr: kŭvʹē
ipa: /ˈkʌvi/
rhymes: -ʌvi
Forms: form: coveys
Etymology: From cove + -y (diminutive suffix). Cove is derived from Romani kodo (“this one; him”) or kova (“that person”).
Senses: examples: text: I don't know what would become of these here young chaps, if it wasn't for such careful old coveys as we are— […]
ref: 1821 September (first performance), William T[homas] Moncrieff, “Tom and Jerry; or, Life in London”, in Selection from the Dramatic Works of William T. Moncrieff. […], volume III, London: Hailes Lacy, […], published 1851, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii, page 43:
text: Hullo! my covey, what's the row?
ref: 1837 May, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “Oliver Walks to London, and Encounters on the Road a Strange Sort of Young Gentleman”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], published 1838, →OCLC, page 123:
text: 'Pooh!' said he, 'you are as easily wounded as an unfledged dove—don't mind what an old covey like me says—I understand it all.'
ref: 1846, Justin Jones, The Prince and the Queen; or, Scenes in High Life: A Romance of the Court of St. James, Boston, Mass.: U.S. Pub. Co., →OCLC:
text: There vas an old covey as lived in Wapping, at the time I'm telling you of, who vas connected vith us by ties of common interest.
ref: 1850, Waldo Howard, “The Burglar’s Story”, in The Mistake of a Life-time: or, The Robber of the Rhine Valley. […], Boston, Mass.: F. Gleason, […], →OCLC, page 140, column 2:
synonyms: word: bloke
word: cove
word: fellow
word: guy
word: bloke
word: boy
word: bro
word: broski
word: bruh
word: cat
word: chap
word: chappy
word: chield
word: cove
word: covey
word: dog [⇒ thesaurus] (slang)
word: dawg
word: dude
word: fella
word: fellow
word: gadgie
word: gate
word: geezer
word: gink
word: gloak
word: gome
word: guy
word: health
word: homeboy
word: homey
word: joe
word: lede
word: nigga
word: ninja
word: omi
word: pillicock
word: punk
word: rooster
word: seg
word: shalk
word: wallah
word: wer
word: were
word: wye
glosses: A male person, a man; a chap, a chappie.
host
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /həʊst/
ipa: /hoʊst/
rhymes: -əʊst
Forms: form: hosts
form: hosting
form: hosted
form: hosted
form: hoast
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis
Proto-Italic *hostipotis
Latin hospes
Old French ostebor.
Middle English hoste
English host
From Middle English hoste, from Old French oste (French: hôte), from Latin hospitem, accusative of hospes (“a host, also a sojourner, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a stranger”), from *hostipotis, an old compound of hostis and the root of potis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis (“master of guests”), from *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, enemy”) and *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”). Used in English since 13th century.
Senses: examples: text: Our company will host the annual conference this year.
text: I was terrible at hosting that show.
text: I’ll be hosting tonight. I hope I’m not terrible.
text: I am quite impressed with the December 10th issue in which it hosted the article by Nancy Langer, "Different Abilities, the Same Queer Pleasures."
ref: 1984 February 4, Suzan Bedrosian, “Sex Lives”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 28, page 4:
text: Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
ref: 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
glosses: To perform the role of a host.
examples: text: Where you shall host.
ref: c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:
glosses: To lodge at an inn.
examples: text: Kremvax hosts a variety of services.
text: CMU/TEK TCP/IP software uses an excessive amount of cpu resources for terminal support both outbound, when accessing another system, and inbound, when the local system is hosting a session.
ref: 1987 May 7, Selden E. Ball, Jr., “Re: Ethernet Terminal Concentrators”, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip (Usenet):
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To run software made available to a remote user or process.
Derived terms: cohost
hostable
hostee
rehost
self-host
Related terms: compere
guest
event
master of ceremonies
host
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /həʊst/
ipa: /hoʊst/
rhymes: -əʊst
Forms: form: hosts
form: hoast
Etymology: From Middle English oost, borrowed from Old French ost, oste, hoste, from Latin hostis (“foreign enemy”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (as opposed to inimicus (“personal enemy”)). Doublet of guest.
Senses: examples: text: Why, Plugson, even thy own host is all in mutiny: Cotton is conquered; but the ‘bare backs’ — are worse covered than ever!
ref: 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. X, Plugson of Undershot”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
text: All about the hosts of Mordor raged.
ref: 1955 October 20, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “chapter 4, The Field of Cormallen”, in The Return of the King: Being the Third Part of The Lord of the Rings […], New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published December 1978, →ISBN:
text: By Lady Day the Scriptorium was ready to receive the "copying and burrowing" of the host of readers who had been directed by Furnivall for the past twenty years.
ref: 1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 173:
text: the invading host that had sailed from Hellas in more than one thousand ships was of an unprecedented size.
ref: 2001, Carlos Parada, Hesione 2, Greek Mythology Link:
glosses: A multitude of people arrayed as an army; used also in religious senses, as: Heavenly host (of angels)
examples: text: The dealer stocks a host of parts for my Model A.
text: I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils; […]
ref: 1802, William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud:
text: A short time since, some friends drinking tea one summer evening at their residence near Maidenhead, with all the windows of the drawing-room open, there suddenly burst in a host of small flies, which covered the table and the furniture […]
ref: 1836, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:
text: England ran Tunisia ragged in that spell but were punished for missing a host of chances when Ferjani Sassi equalised from the penalty spot against the run of play after Kyle Walker was penalised for an elbow on Fakhreddine Ben Youssef.
ref: 2018 June 18, Phil McNulty, “Tunisia 1 – 2 England”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 21 Apr 2019:
text: In the immediate term, there is a host of new operating procedures to be developed and to become familiarised with, in accordance with social distancing.
ref: 2020 July 29, Ian Prosser discusses with Paul Stephen, “Rail needs robust and strategic plans”, in Rail, page 38:
glosses: A large number of items; a large inventory.
Derived terms: heavenly host
Lord of Hosts
host
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /həʊst/
ipa: /hoʊst/
rhymes: -əʊst
Forms: form: hosts
form: hoast
Etymology: From Middle English host, oist, ost, from Old French hoiste, from Latin hostia (“sacrificial victim”). Doublet of hostie.
Senses: examples: text: Do you pray to the Holy Ghost when you suck your host? / Do you read who's dead in the Irish Post?
ref: 1978, John Lydon, “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:
topics: Christianity
synonyms: Body of Christ
glosses: The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.
Derived terms: host desecration
Related terms: Lamb of God
flock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /flɒk/
ipa: /flɑk/
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: flocks
Etymology: From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc (“flock, company, troop”), from Proto-West Germanic *flokk, from Proto-Germanic *flukkaz (“crowd, troop”). Cognate with German Low German Flock (“crowd, flock”), Danish flok (“flock”), Swedish flock (“flock”), Norwegian flokk (“flock”), Faroese flokkur (“flock”), Icelandic flokkur (“flock, group”). Related also to Norman fliotchet (“flock, crowd”), from Old Norse. Perhaps related to Old English folc (“crowd, troop, band”). More at folk.
Senses: glosses: A number of birds together in a group, such as those gathered together for the purpose of migration.
examples: text: He told his father, and said it would be just suitable work for him to run about fields and woods amongst the strawberry hills after a flock of hares, and now and then lie down and take a nap on some sunny hill.
ref: 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 170:
glosses: A large number of animals associated together in a group; commonly used of sheep, but (dated) also used for goats, farmed animals, and a wide variety of animals.
examples: text: But lapsed into so long a pause again / As half amazed, half frighted all his flock: [...]
ref: 1864, Alfred Tennyson, “Aylmer’s Field”, in Enoch Arden, &c., London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 83:
text: I also have other sheep that are not from this pen. I must lead them. They, too, will respond to my voice. So they will be one flock with one shepherd.
ref: 1995, Green Key Books, God's Word to the Nations (John 10:16):
glosses: Those served by a particular pastor or shepherd.
examples: text: The heathen […] came to Nicanor by flocks.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Maccabees 14:14:
synonyms: congregation
glosses: A large number of people.
topics: Christianity
synonyms: congregation
glosses: A religious congregation.
Synonyms: bunch
gaggle
horde
host
legion
litter
nest
rabble
swarm
throng
wake
Derived terms: flerd
flock camera
flocker
flockful
flockless
flocklike
flockling
flockmaster
flockmate
flockmeal
flockowner
flockwise
flocky
flower of the flock
subflock
flock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /flɒk/
ipa: /flɑk/
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: flocks
form: flocking
form: flocked
form: flocked
Etymology: From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc (“flock, company, troop”), from Proto-West Germanic *flokk, from Proto-Germanic *flukkaz (“crowd, troop”). Cognate with German Low German Flock (“crowd, flock”), Danish flok (“flock”), Swedish flock (“flock”), Norwegian flokk (“flock”), Faroese flokkur (“flock”), Icelandic flokkur (“flock, group”). Related also to Norman fliotchet (“flock, crowd”), from Old Norse. Perhaps related to Old English folc (“crowd, troop, band”). More at folk.
Senses: examples: text: People flocked to the cinema to see the new film.
text: What place the gods for our repose assigned.
Friends daily flock; and scarce the kindly spring
Began to clothe the ground
ref: 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
text: Given the poor state of the line's trains and schedules, it is remarkable that people flock to use or experience it in embarrassingly large numbers.
ref: 2021 October 20, Mark Rand, “S&C: a line fit for tourists... and everyone?”, in RAIL, number 942, page 43:
glosses: To congregate in or head towards a place in large numbers.
examples: text: Good fellows, trooping, flocked me so.
ref: 1609, John Taylor, Penniless Pilgrimage:
glosses: To flock to; to crowd.
Derived terms: birds of a feather flock together
birds of the feather flock together
flock together
flock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /flɒk/
ipa: /flɑk/
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: flocks
Etymology: From Middle English flok (“tuft of wool”), from Old French floc (“tuft of wool”), from Late Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”), probably from Frankish *flokko (“down, wool, flock”), from Proto-Germanic *flukkōn-, *flukkan-, *fluksōn- (“down, flock”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“hair, fibres, tuft”). Cognate with Old High German flocko (“down”), Middle Dutch vlocke (“flock”), Norwegian dialectal flugsa (“snowflake”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian flok (“hair”).
Senses: glosses: Coarse tufts of wool or cotton used in bedding.
examples: text: I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few flocks in the point.
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
glosses: A lock of wool or hair.
examples: text: There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.
ref: 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:
glosses: Very fine sifted woollen refuse, especially that from shearing the nap of cloths, formerly used as a coating for wallpaper to give it a velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the dust of vegetable fibre used for a similar purpose.
Derived terms: flock paper
flock worker's lung
flock
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /flɒk/
ipa: /flɑk/
rhymes: -ɒk
Forms: form: flocks
form: flocking
form: flocked
form: flocked
Etymology: From Middle English flok (“tuft of wool”), from Old French floc (“tuft of wool”), from Late Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”), probably from Frankish *flokko (“down, wool, flock”), from Proto-Germanic *flukkōn-, *flukkan-, *fluksōn- (“down, flock”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“hair, fibres, tuft”). Cognate with Old High German flocko (“down”), Middle Dutch vlocke (“flock”), Norwegian dialectal flugsa (“snowflake”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian flok (“hair”).
Senses: examples: text: the sampling and elution advantages of flocked swabs versus spun swabs
glosses: To coat a surface with dense fibers or particles; especially, to create a dense arrangement of fibers with a desired nap.
glosses: To cover a Christmas tree with artificial snow.
synonyms: floc
glosses: To treat a pool with chemicals to remove suspended particles.
Derived terms: flocked