cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
termite
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)maɪt
Forms: form: termites
form: termiting
form: termited
form: termited
Etymology: Inferred singular of termites, the plural of Latin termes (“woodworm”), which was used for termites by Linnaeus.
Senses: glosses: Of a chimpanzee: to catch termites by inserting a stick or vine into their nest and waiting for them to climb up it.
Derived terms: cathedral termite
compass termite
dampwood termite
drywood termite
magnetic termite
meridian termite
spinifex termite
subterranean termite
termitarium
termite bug
termite mound
termite of the sea
termiticide
turmite
semblance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛm.bləns/
Forms: form: semblances
form: semblaunce
Etymology: From Middle English semblaunce, from Old French semblance, from semblant, present participle of sembler.
Senses: glosses: A likeness, a similarity; the quality of being similar.
examples: text: England, seated far north in the turbid sea, now visits my dreams in the semblance of a vast and well-manned ship, which mastered the winds and rode proudly over the waves.
ref: 1826, [Mary Shelley], chapter I, in The Last Man. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 2:
text: He was dressed in clothes far too large for him, clothes of the doctor’s bigness; the cords of his face still moved with a semblance of life, but life was quite gone; and by the crushed phial in the hand and the strong smell of kernels that hung upon the air, Utterson knew that he was looking on the body of a self-destroyer.
ref: 1886, Robert Louis Stevensony, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde:
glosses: The way something looks or appears; an appearance; a form.
Synonyms: sense: likeness
word: veneer
identical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/
ipa: /aɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/
Forms: form: more identical
form: most identical
Etymology: From identic + -al.
Senses: examples: text: My car is identical with the one my mom has just bought.
text: By this means as many absolutely identical plates can be produced as may be required, and being hardened they will yield a very large number of prints without any appreciable deterioration.
ref: 1911, “Bank-Notes”, in Encyclopædia Britannica:
text: For example, assume that 10000 identical chairs were produced through incurring the following costs:...
ref: 1972, James H. Rossell, William Wayne Frasure, Managerial Accounting:
text: The zygote soon divides into two identical cells.
ref: 1988, John Byrum, Cells:
glosses: Bearing full likeness by having precisely the same set of characteristics; indistinguishable.
examples: text: The best of the joke, too, is, that the very coal-merchant who is loudest in his complaints against the person who defrauded him, is the identical man who sat in the centre of the very front row of the pit last night and laughed the most boisterously at this very same thing,--and not so well done either.
ref: 1837, Charles Dickens, The Pantomime of Life:
text: These men were grandsons of a certain Guntram, who, according to some authorities, is identical with a Count Guntram who flourished during the reign of the emperor Otto the Great, and whose ancestry can be traced back to the time of the Merovingian kings.
ref: 1911, Arthur William Holland, “Habsburg”, in Encyclopædia Britannica:
text: Nor could I myself look upon this man without some emotion, for he seemed to be the identical person who had picked up the ragged tunic in the lonely wood, and, as a matter of fact, he was!
ref: 1922, Petronius, Satyricon, translation of original by W. C. Firebaugh:
glosses: Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; numerically identical.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: Of twins, sharing the same genetic code.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Exactly equivalent.
examples: text: The terms of Article 8th are still more identical.
ref: 1788, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, The Federalist, section XLI:
glosses: Approximating or approaching exact equivalence.
Synonyms: sense: bearing full likeness
word: same
sense: selfsame
word: same
sense: selfsame
word: selfsame
sense: sharing same genetic code
word: monozygotic
sense: sharing same genetic code
word: monovular
word: identical
word: indifferent
word: nondifferent
word: one and the same
word: self
word: undifferent
word: undifferentiated
Coordinate terms: sense: of twins
word: dizygotic
Derived terms: alloidentical
bioidentical
half-identical
haploidentical
identical by descent
identical by state
identicalism
identicality
identically
identicalness
identical twin
nonidentical
self-identical
semi-identical
semperidentical
unidentical
Related terms: identify
identity
identical
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/
ipa: /aɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/
Forms: form: identicals
Etymology: From identic + -al.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
qualifier: usually pluralized
glosses: Something which has exactly the same properties as something else.
examples: text: Fraternal twins are boy-girl pairs as often as of the same sex, while identicals are necessarily of the same sex, […]
ref: 2014, Robert S. Woodworth, Donald G. Marquis, Psychology (Psychology Revivals): A Study of Mental Life, page 171:
glosses: An identical twin.
examples: text: The strictest construction of the rule requires complete and unvarying repetition of end-words, but some license is granted in the use of identicals.
ref: 1992, Clarence Hugh Holman, William Harmon, A Handbook to Literature, page 439:
topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
poetry
publishing
writing
glosses: A rhyme on the same syllable, such as "leave" and "believe".
Derived terms: indiscernibility of identicals
equivalent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈiːk(wi)valeɳʈ/
Forms: form: equivalents
form: æquivalent
form: eq.
Etymology: From Latin aequivalentem, accusative singular of aequivalēns, present active participle of aequivaleō (“I am equivalent, have equal power”). By surface analysis, equi- + -valent.
Senses: examples: text: He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to an equivalent, and went so far as to suggest several equivalents.
ref: 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter VII, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
text: Our decision about energy will test the character of the American people and the ability of the President and the Congress to govern. This difficult effort will be the "moral equivalent of war" — except that we will be uniting our efforts to build and not destroy.
ref: 1977 April 18, Jimmy Carter, President's Address to the Nation on Proposed National Energy Policy:
coordinate_terms: counterpart
glosses: Anything that is virtually equal to something else, or has the same value, force, etc.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An equivalent weight.
Derived terms: carbon dioxide-equivalent
certainty equivalent
dose equivalent
electrochemical equivalent
full-time equivalent
gasoline-equivalent gallon
gasoline gallon equivalent
gram equivalent
moisture equivalent
pitting resistance equivalent number
TNT equivalent
Turing equivalent
equivalent
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈiːk(wi)valeɳʈ/
Forms: form: equivalents
form: equivalenting
form: equivalented
form: equivalented
form: æquivalent
form: eq.
Etymology: From Latin aequivalentem, accusative singular of aequivalēns, present active participle of aequivaleō (“I am equivalent, have equal power”). By surface analysis, equi- + -valent.
Senses: glosses: To make equivalent to; to equal.
extent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪkˈstɛnt/
rhymes: -ɛnt
Etymology: From Middle English extente, from Anglo-Norman extente and Old French estente (“valuation of land, stretch of land”), from estendre, extendre (“extend”) (or from Latin extentus), from Latin extendere (See extend.)
Senses: examples: text: But both his Hands, most filthy feculent,
Above the Water were on high extent,
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: Extended.
Related terms: scope
monotonous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: mə-nŏtʹən-əs
ipa: /məˈnɒtənəs/
enpr: mə-nŏtʹən-əs
ipa: /məˈnɑtənəs/
Forms: form: more monotonous
form: most monotonous
Etymology: From monotone + -ous.
Senses: examples: text: "But my daughter—but the Lady Eveline"—said the Fleming, with some slight change in his monotonous voice, which seemed to express doubt and perplexity—"You are cruel conquerors, and—"
ref: 1825 June 22, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Tales of the Crusaders. […], volume I (The Betrothed), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 95:
synonyms: level
monotone
monotonic
glosses: Having an unvarying pitch or tone.
examples: text: [L]istening for a moment, she heard the monotonous and heavy tread of the soldier echoing through the passage.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 49:
synonyms: word: samely
word: routine
word: monotonous
word: perennial
word: recurrent
word: recurring
word: repeating
word: repetitional
word: repetitionary
word: repetitious
word: repetitive
word: consistent
word: equable
word: equal
word: even
word: even-keeled
word: monotonous
word: regular
word: samely
word: stable
word: steady
word: uncheckered
word: uniform
word: unvaried
word: unvarying
word: drudgerous
word: irksome
word: longsome
word: monotonous
word: tedious
word: torporific
word: wearing
word: tiresome
word: wearisome
antonyms: various
glosses: Tedious, repetitious, or lacking in variety.
Derived terms: monotonously
monotonousness
nonmonotonous
unmonotonous
Related terms: monotone
monotony
variation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/
ipa: /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
ipa: /ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
ipa: /ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
Forms: form: variations
Etymology: From Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō, from vary + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, and individual plants are highly heterozygous and do not breed true. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better.
ref: 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
glosses: The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing.
examples: text: When the process didn't work, we tried a variation.
text: All of his soups are variations on a single recipe.
text: Selfishness has different variations, but in the end it is all the same.
ref: 2020 May 10, “Cultivation Experience of a Young Practitioner Born in the 90s”, in Minghui:
glosses: A related but distinct thing.
topics: nautical
transport
synonyms: magnetic declination
glosses: The angular difference at the vessel between the direction of true north and magnetic north.
qualifier: board games
glosses: A line of play that differs from the original.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A technique where material is repeated with alterations to the melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, texture, counterpoint or orchestration; but with some invariant characteristic, e.g. a ground bass.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The modification of a hereditary trait.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: Deviation from the mean orbit of a heavenly body.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The situation where two or more linguistic forms appear in the same environment without a change in meaning, the choice of form being determined by factors of dialect, sociolect, register or simply the speaker's preference.
Derived terms: antigenic variation
copy number variation
elegant variation
equivalent variation
free variation
Linburg-Comstock variation
magnetic variation
theme and variations
variation compass
variation of the field
variation ratio
variation selector
Related terms: vary
variant
ruler
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/
note: “measuring device”
ipa: /ˈɹuː.lə/
note: “one who rules”
ipa: /ˈɹuːl.ə/
ipa: /ˈɹulɚ/
rhymes: -uːlə(ɹ)
Forms: form: rulers
Etymology: From Middle English reuler; equivalent to rule + -er.
Senses: glosses: A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.
examples: text: The carcharhinids are unquestionably the rulers of the seas, because of their abundance, their strength and speed, and their unchallenged position as the number one predators in the marine ecosystem.
ref: 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 122:
text: LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.
ref: 1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:
glosses: A person who rules or governs; someone or something that exercises dominion or controlling power over others.
Synonyms: sense: measuring instrument
word: rule
word: overling
word: provost
word: ruler
Hypernyms: word: person
Hyponyms: word: autocrat
word: crown prince
word: despot
word: dictator
word: duke
word: dynast
word: emperor
word: empress
word: governor
word: king
word: monarch
word: potentate
word: prince
word: princess
word: queen
word: regent
word: satrap
word: sovereign
word: tyrant
word: viceroy
word: chief
word: czar
word: czarina
word: emir
word: Führer
word: kaiser
word: khagan
word: khan
word: maharajah
word: maharani
word: mikado
word: Negus
word: nizam
word: Padishah
word: pharaoh
word: rajah
word: rani
word: shah
word: sultan
word: tsar
word: tsarina
Derived terms: agate ruler
architect's ruler
co-ruler
drafter's ruler
home ruler
parallel ruler
patchwork ruler
planet-ruler
puppet ruler
scale ruler
sign ruler
standard ruler
Related terms: word: caliph
word: generalissimo
word: head of state
word: leader
word: magistrate
word: magnate
word: mogul
word: shogun
word: tycoon
word: grand poobah
word: high muckamuck
word: nabob
word: Eminence
word: Excellency
word: Grace
word: Highness
word: Lordship
word: Majesty
word: Royal Highness
word: Sire
word: boss
word: important person
ruler
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/
note: “measuring device”
ipa: /ˈɹuː.lə/
note: “one who rules”
ipa: /ˈɹuːl.ə/
ipa: /ˈɹulɚ/
rhymes: -uːlə(ɹ)
Forms: form: rulers
form: rulering
form: rulered
form: rulered
Etymology: From Middle English reuler; equivalent to rule + -er.
Senses: glosses: To beat with a ruler (as a traditional school punishment).
regulate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɛɡjəleɪt/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈɾɛɡ(j)ʊleʈ/
Forms: form: regulates
form: regulating
form: regulated
form: regulated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin regulatus, perfect passive participle of regulō (“to direct, rule, regulate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from regula (“rule”), from regō (“to keep straight, direct, govern, rule”). Compare regle, rail. Displaced native Old English metegian.
Senses: glosses: To dictate policy.
examples: text: the laws which regulate the succession of the seasons
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
text: The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes, and regulated their own police.
ref: 1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:
text: But on Tuesday, Sam Altman[…] testified before members of a Senate subcommittee and largely agreed with them on the need to regulate the increasingly powerful A.I. technology being created inside his company and others like Google and Microsoft.
ref: 2023 May 16, Cecilia Kang, “OpenAI’s Sam Altman Urges A.I. Regulation in Senate Hearing”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 16 May 2023:
text: The NFA has been a flashpoint for advocates, who say that silencers are not frequently used in crime and believe that the silencers and other weapons regulated under the law, including machine guns and short-barreled rifles and shotguns, are protected by the Second Amendment.
ref: 2025 March 26, Hannah Rabinowitz, “DOJ considers abandoning the defense of federal restrictions on gun silencers”, in CNN:
glosses: To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law.
examples: text: to regulate a watch, i.e. adjust its rate of running so that it will keep approximately standard time
text: to regulate the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc.
glosses: To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning.
examples: text: to regulate the disordered state of a nation or its finances
text: to regulate one's eating habits
glosses: To put or maintain in order.
Derived terms: autoregulate
coregulate
counterregulate
crossregulate
deregulate
downregulate
dysregulate
hyperregulate
hyporegulate
immunoregulate
interregulate
irregulate
mechanoregulate
microregulate
misregulate
osmoregulate
overregulate
phosphoregulate
photoregulate
regulatability
regulatable
regulative
regulon
reregulate
reregulation
retroregulate
self-regulate
thermoregulate
transregulate
underregulate
unregulate
upregulate
Related terms: rule
ruler
regular
regulation
regulator
dictate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/
Forms: form: dictates
Etymology: First attested in 1581; borrowed from Latin dictātum (“a thing said, something dictated”), substantivized from the nominative neuter singular of dictātus, the perfect passive participle of dictō (“pronounce or declare repeatedly; dictate”), frequentative of dīcō (“say, speak”). Doublet of diktat.
Senses: examples: text: I must obey the dictates of my conscience.
glosses: An order or command.
dictate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/
ipa: /ˌdɪkˈteɪt/
ipa: /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
ipa: /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/
Forms: form: dictates
form: dictating
form: dictated
form: dictated
Etymology: First attested in 1577; borrowed from Latin dictātus, perfect passive participle of dictō (“to pronounce or declare repeatedly; to dictate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), frequentative of dīcō (“say, speak”).
Senses: examples: text: Trademark Owners will nevertheless try to dictate how their marks are to be represented, but dictionary publishers with spine can resist such pressure.
ref: 2001, Sydney I. Landau, Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 409:
glosses: To order, command, control.
examples: text: She is dictating a letter to a stenographer.
text: The French teacher dictated a passage from Victor Hugo.
glosses: To speak in order for someone to write down the words.
examples: text: He had offered, and been refused! There was that in her own nature, which sympathised with the pride, for such she held to be the motive, dictating the refusal.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Return to Courtenaye Hall”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 151:
text: Geology dictates the approximate location of the tunnel.
ref: 1961 December, “The Channel Tunnel—a realistic proposal”, in Trains Illustrated, page 723:
text: I didn't lay this bar, or the restaurant for that matter, out on paper. The design was dictated by the materials.
ref: 1977 August 20, David Holland, quoting Tony Bosco, “Tony Bosco”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 7, page 19:
glosses: To determine or decisively affect.
Derived terms: dictatable
dictater
dictatingly
misdictate
redictate
undictated
undictating
Related terms: dictation
dictator
dictatress
dictatoress
dictatrix
proclaim
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəʊˈkleɪm/
ipa: /pɹoʊˈkleɪm/
ipa: /pɹəʉˈklæɪm/
rhymes: -eɪm
Forms: form: proclaims
form: proclaiming
form: proclaimed
form: proclaimed
form: proclaime
form: proclame
Etymology: From Middle English proclamen, proclaime, from Old French proclamer, from Latin prōclāmō, prōclāmāre, from prō- (“forth”) + clāmō (“to shout, cry out”). Spelling altered by influence of claim, from the same Latin source (clāmō).
Senses: examples: text: Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.[…]A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
text: You have seen it for yourselves in the play by Aristophanes, where Socrates goes whirling round, proclaiming that he is walking on air, and uttering a great deal of other nonsense about things of which I know nothing whatsoever.
ref: 1954, Plato, translated by Hugh Tredennick, “Socrates on Trial: The Apology”, in The Last Days of Socrates (Penguin Classics), Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, →OCLC, page 21:
glosses: To announce or declare.
examples: text: Were those baronies proclaimed at the time you were in them? –Some of them are; the barony of Duhallow is proclaimed.
ref: 1824 May 19, "MINUTES OF EVIDENCE TAKEN BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS, Appointed to examine into the Nature and Extent of the Disturbances which have prevailed in those Districts of IRELAND which are now subject to the Provisions of the Insurrection Act, and to report to The House" [HC 1825 (200)] Evidence of Richard Griffith p.37
text: … the Magistrates present, naturally excited by the occurrence, applied to Government to proclaim the baronies in which the outrage had occurred …
ref: 1834 June 5, Montague L. Chapman, Hansard HC Deb ser 3 vol 24 col 236
text: In due course the Dáil was proclaimed, fruitless efforts were made to suppress it and all its institutions, including, of course, the IRA.
ref: 1940 Major General Hugh MacNeill, "Na Fianna Éireann; Senior Corps of the Old Army" (An Cosantóir) reprinted in Our Struggle for Independence: Eye-witness Accounts from the Pages of 'An Cosantóir' p.184
glosses: To make (something) the subject of an official proclamation bringing it within the scope of emergency powers.
Synonyms: sense: to announce or declare
word: disclose
word: make known
Derived terms: self-proclaimed
candid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæn.dɪd/
rhymes: -ændɪd
Forms: form: candids
Etymology: From Latin candidus (“white”).
Senses: examples: text: His portraits looked stiff and formal but his candids showed life being lived.
text: When he held the Guild Chair, the office walls were not, as they are now, festooned with orchestrated candids of Chancre and municipal burghers, Chancre herding his porcine family in their Sunday best.
ref: 1999, Colson Whitehead, The Intuitionist, Fleet (2017), page 137:
glosses: A spontaneous or unposed photograph.
Derived terms: plandid
commercial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈmɜː.ʃəl/
ipa: /kəˈmɝ.ʃəl/
Forms: form: commercials
Etymology: From French commercial (“of, or pertaining to commerce”), from Late Latin commercialis, from Latin commercium. By surface analysis, commerce + -ial.
Senses: examples: text: She was in a commercial for breakfast cereal.
glosses: An advertisement in a common media format, usually radio or television.
topics: business
finance
glosses: A commercial trader, as opposed to an individual speculator.
examples: text: I have more than once had to lend a commercial money to pay his fare home; as he had played shell-out and lost the lot.
ref: 1875, George Worsley, Advice to the Young!, page 32:
text: Five persons went to the house after the milkman was gone, and that there Arab party was safe inside, — three of them was commercials, that I know, because afterwards they came to me.
ref: 1897, Richard Marsh, The Beetle:
glosses: A commercial traveller.
examples: text: Tom said that homosexuals hate “commercials,” male prostitutes, and if the homosexual was drunk and angry, he might have committed murder.
ref: 1972, Alfred Eustace Parker, The Berkeley Police Story, page 133:
text: With the commercials there is no intensity of feeling and no later animosity; there is emotional and sexual fakery, but no prolonged post-sexual bargaining. […] Paradoxically these boys dissociate themselves from the commercials, yet engage in prostitution only when they require the money.
ref: 1987, Paul William Mathews, Male Prostitution: Two Monographs, page 39:
glosses: A male prostitute.
Hypernyms: advertisement
Hyponyms: infomercial
Derived terms: commercial break
documercial
e-commercial
fictomercial
infomercial
intromercial
commercial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈmɜː.ʃəl/
ipa: /kəˈmɝ.ʃəl/
Forms: form: more commercial
form: most commercial
Etymology: From French commercial (“of, or pertaining to commerce”), from Late Latin commercialis, from Latin commercium. By surface analysis, commerce + -ial.
Senses: examples: text: A two minutes' walk brought Warwick--the name he had registered under, and as we shall call him--to the market-house, the central feature of Patesville, from both the commercial and the picturesque points of view.
ref: 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:
glosses: Of or pertaining to commerce.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Designating an airport that serves passenger and/or cargo flights.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Designating such an airplane flight.
Derived terms: aerocommercial
anticommercial
asset-backed commercial paper
commercial at
commercial bank
commercial banking
Commercial End
commercialese
commercial invoice
commercialise
commercialism
commercialist
commerciality
commercial law
commercial letter of credit
commercially
commercial model
commercial off-the-shelf
commercial paper
commercial room
countercommercial
e-commercial
noncommercial
non-commercial
politicocommercial
resimercial
semicommercial
supercommercial
ultracommercial
uncommercial
Related terms: commerce
commercialize
precommercial
infomercial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪnfəˌmɜːʃəl/
ipa: /ˈɪnfəˌmɝʃəl/
Forms: form: infomercials
form: informercial
Etymology: Blend of information + commercial.
Senses: examples: text: Dionne and I were both named after great singers of the past who now do infomercials.
ref: 1995, Amy Heckerling, Clueless, spoken by Cher (Alicia Silverstone):
text: Known for wearing her signature headdress and speaking in a thick Caribbean accent, Miss Cleo was the queen of psychic infomercials.
ref: 2008, Margena A. Christian, “Where Is ... Miss Cleo?”, in Jet, volume 112, number 26, page 38:
text: “The number of product placements this season is hilarious to the point that it’s basically a giant infomercial,” one user posted.
ref: 2025 October 29, Alaina Demopoulos, “What’s with the sponcon slop in Nobody Wants This? Netflix, nobody wants this”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: A program-length television commercial, typically between thirty minutes and one hour long, that advertises a product or service by presenting supposedly impartial information about it.
Derived terms: infomercialization
occurrence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈkʌɹ.əns/
ipa: /əˈkɜːɹ.əns/
ipa: /əˈkɝ.əns/
enpr: ə-kûrʹəns
ipa: /əˈkɐɹ.əns/
ipa: /əˈkøːɹ.əns/
other: /ɜː/
Forms: form: occurrences
Etymology: From Middle French occurrence, from Medieval Latin occurrentia. Morphologically occur + -ence.
Senses: examples: text: Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.
ref: 2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:
synonyms: occurring
glosses: An actual instance when a situation occurs; an event or happening.
examples: text: The time interval of an occurrence—a temporal instantiation—is a single occasion. However, a series of such occasions can fall within a certain time interval; in this case we may represent the occurrence as a single situation (cf. I ran off and on for an hour, I ran and ran for an hour, I would run and then run some more).
ref: 1991, Robert Binnick, Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect, page 180:
text: The most basic Aktionsart distinction is between states and occurrences. […]Based on consideration of inherent differences between the events involved, Vendler distinguished three different types of occurrence, achievements, activities, and accomplishments.
ref: 2010, Nick Riemer, Introducing Semantics, page 320:
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
semantics
antonyms: state
glosses: The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in or over time.
Synonyms: word: affair
word: befalling
word: episode
word: event
word: goings-on
word: happening
word: hap
word: incident
word: occasion
word: occurrence
word: proceeding
Hypernyms: word: possibility
Hyponyms: word: anomaly
word: disaster
Meronyms: word: experience
Derived terms: cooccurrence
co-occurrence
extent of occurrence
interoccurrence
nonoccurrence
occurrence time
postoccurrence
preoccurrence
programmed random occurrence
reoccurrence
time of occurrence
Related terms: word: recurrence
word: activity
word: state
ownership
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/
ipa: /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/
Forms: form: ownerships
Etymology: From owner + -ship.
Senses: examples: text: Other evidence of former ownerships such as notice-boards, number plates, and makers' plates, are often discovered unexpectedly. […] It has not been used for many years, and although it was impracticable to photograph the engine in the small confines of the shed it was possible to obtain a picture of the plate which it still carries showing the former ownership.
ref: 1952 February, H. C. Casserley, “Permanent Wayfarings”, in Railway Magazine, page 77:
text: In the summer, DCC [Devon County Council] transferred ownership of the northern part of the station to NR for a nominal £1, enabling it (and the platform) to become part of the rail network.
ref: 2021 November 17, Andrew Mourant, “Okehampton: a new dawn for Dartmoor”, in RAIL, number 944, page 43:
glosses: The state of having complete legal control of something; possession; proprietorship.
examples: text: The successful candidate will take ownership of all internal design projects.
topics: business
glosses: Responsibility for or control over something.
Synonyms: word: owndom
word: ownership
word: possession
word: proprietorship
Hypernyms: word: dominion
Hyponyms: word: homeownership
Derived terms: absentee ownership
antiownership
community ownership
co-ownership
cross-ownership
holiday ownership
homeownership
home ownership
interownership
multi-ownership
nonownership
ownership equity
public ownership
state ownership
cartography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹəfɪi̯/
ipa: /kɐɹˈtɒɡɹəfi/
ipa: /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹɘfɪi̯/
ipa: /kɑːˈtɒɡɹəfi/
ipa: /kɑɹˈtɑɡɹəfi/
rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi
Forms: form: cartographies
Etymology: From French cartographie, from carte (“map”) (ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “map”)) + -graphie (“-graphy”) (from γράφω (gráphō, “write”)); carto- (“map”) + -graphy.
Senses: glosses: The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography.
examples: text: In the early years of my psychedelic research, I sketched a vastly expanded cartography of the psyche that seems to meet this challenge.
ref: 2000, Stanislav Grof, Psychology of the Future: Lessons from Modern Consciousness Research, →ISBN:
text: The Dalit feminist standpoint, and more specifically the national Federation of Dalit Women, provide in very clear terms a cartography of governance that forces an official reckoning of a new way of seeing.
ref: 2006, Nira Yuval-Davis, Kalpana Kannabiran, Ulrike Vieten, The Situated Politics of Belonging, →ISBN, page 69:
text: Since this cartography is not a representation of already existing spaces or cinematic forms but is rather oriented towards the new, it could be described as a cartography of the virtual; however, since Ruiz's work makes a point of departing from the normative rules of cinematic construction as a first principle, this book will outline Ruiz's cartography of images as a cartography of the impossible.
ref: 2013, Michael Goddard, The Cinema of Raúl Ruiz: Impossible Cartographies, →ISBN, page 1:
text: In short, the volume aims to provide the reader with the coordinates for current debates in global art and to develop a cartography of the various conceptual and methodological intersections that global art studies is addressing today.
ref: 2014, Anna Maria Guasch Ferrer, Nasheli Jimenez Del Val, Critical Cartography of Art and Visuality in the Global Age, →ISBN, page xvi:
glosses: An illustrative discussion of a topic.
Synonyms: mapmaking
cartology
Derived terms: aerocartography
astrocartography
cartographer
cartographic
cartographical
counter-cartography
cybercartography
ethnocartography
hypercomplex number
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hypercomplex numbers
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Any of several types of extended complex number, consisting of a real part and two or more imaginary parts (each a real multiple of a distinct square root of −1), which may be imagined as a point in a multi-dimensional space.
Hyponyms: dual number
octonion
quaternion
sedenion
trigintaduonion
pathion
chingon
routon
voudon
split-complex number
Related terms: complex number
imaginary number
real number
étoile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: étoiles
Etymology: Borrowed from French étoile. Doublet of estoile, stella, and stelo; related to aster and star.
Senses: qualifier: ballet
glosses: The leading ballet dancer in a company
microgravity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ævɪti
Forms: form: microgravities
Etymology: From micro- + gravity.
Senses: examples: text: In microgravity their arteries are thickening and stiffening and the muscle of the heart weakening and shrinking.
ref: 2023, Samantha Harvey, Orbital, Jonathan Cape, page 25:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A state of very low acceleration between two free floating objects, as found in sustained freefall, in orbit, or in interstellar space.
Synonyms: µG
weightlessness
Derived terms: microgravitation
microgravitational
Related terms: hypergravity
hypogravity
macrogravity
zero gravity
gravitational
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
rhymes: -eɪʃənəl
Etymology: From gravitation + -al.
Senses: examples: text: Unlike most moons of the solar system, ours has the heft, the gravitational gravitas, to pull itself into a sphere.
ref: 2014 September 7, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, p. 8]”, in The New York Times:
glosses: Pertaining to, or caused by, gravity or gravitation.
Synonyms: gravitic
Derived terms: word: active gravitational mass
word: antigravitational
word: cosmic gravitational wave background
word: cosmic gravitational-wave background
word: electrogravitational
word: gravastar
word: gravitational assist
word: gravitational collapse
word: gravitational constant
word: gravitational convection
word: gravitational field
word: gravitational force
word: gravitational interaction
word: gravitational keyhole
word: gravitational lens
word: gravitational lensing
word: gravitationally
word: gravitational mass
word: gravitational mirage
word: gravitational propulsion
word: gravitational radiation
word: gravitational redshift
word: gravitational singularity
word: gravitational slingshot
word: gravitational wave
word: gravitational wave background
word: gravitational-wave background
word: gravitational well
word: high frequency gravitational wave
word: high-frequency gravitational wave
word: hydrogravitational
word: hypergravitational
word: isogravitational
word: magnetogravitational
word: microgravitational
word: milligravitational
word: nongravitational
word: gravitational mass
word: photogravitational
word: progravitational
word: supergravitational
word: thermogravitational
freefall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːˌfɔːl/
Forms: form: free fall
form: free-fall
Etymology: From free + fall.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A state of motion affected by no acceleration or force other than that of gravity.
qualifier: common usage
glosses: As above, but allowing for the presence of incidental air resistance not caused intentionally by devices like parachutes or wings.
examples: text: As civil war continues in Iraq, the U.S. president's approval ratings are in freefall.
text: House prices were in freefall, if you owned one.
ref: 2010, Mick Herron, Slow Horses, page 63:
text: Passenger numbers in freefall as UK battles COVID-19
ref: 2020 March 25, Rail, front cover:
text: Even with the economy in free fall, demand for cheap, cute clothes persisted.
ref: 2021 February 6, Rachel Monroe, “Ultra-fast Fashion Is Eating the World”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: The state of worsening out of control.
Derived terms: accelerated free fall
acceleration of free fall
free-fall style
free-fall time
in freefall
progressive free fall
universality of free fall
freefall
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːˌfɔːl/
Forms: form: freefalls
form: freefalling
form: freefell
form: freefallen
form: free fall
form: free-fall
Etymology: From free + fall.
Senses: examples: text: A base jumper attempts to freefall for as long as possible before triggering the parachute.
text: Watching a mother raccoon urge her babies, one by one, to let go of their grip of the roof and free-fall into her outstretched arms, three feet below on the porch rail.
ref: 1987 April 11, Pamela Wescott, “Judy Grahn: Pursuing the Work We Want”, in Gay Community News, page 8:
glosses: To drop in a state of freefall.
Derived terms: freefaller
free-falling
pray
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: enpr: prā
ipa: /pɹeɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: prey
Etymology: Ellipsis of I pray you, I pray thee, whence also prithee.
Senses: examples: text: pray silence for…
text: "Pray, Mr. Knightley," said Emma, who had been smiling to herself through a great part of this speech, "how do you know that Mr. Martin did not speak yesterday?"
ref: 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter VIII, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 124:
text: Pray don’t ask me why, pray don’t be sorry, pray don’t be vexed with me, I have nothing to do with it indeed!
ref: 1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, “Chapter the Tenth”, in The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1841, →OCLC, page 144:
text: Well, Major, pray tell us your adventures, for you have frightened us dreadfully.
ref: 1845, Frederick Marryat, “Chapter XXI”, in The Mission:
text: Thank you. I am sorry to have interrupted you. Pray continue your most interesting statement.
ref: 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb:
glosses: Please; used to make a polite request
examples: text: Shall I be moved to love you, pray, / By hints that I must soon decay? / No woman's won by being told / How quickly she is growing old[...]
ref: 1981, A. D. Hope, “His Coy Mistress to Mr. Marvell”, in A Book of Answers:
text: He is a South American, so perhaps revolutionary spirit courses through Francis's veins. But what, pray, does the Catholic church want with doubt?
ref: 20 September 2013, Martina Hyde, “Is the pope Catholic?”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Alternative form of pray tell (“I ask you”).
keratin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɛrətɪn/
Forms: form: keratins
Etymology: Borrowed from German Keratin, from Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -in.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The protein of which hair and nails are composed.
Derived terms: antikeratin
cytokeratin
eukeratin
keratinaceous
keratinase
keratinic
keratinisation
keratinise
keratinization
keratinize
keratinocyte
keratinogenesis
keratinoid
keratinolysis
keratinolytic
keratinophage
keratinophagous
keratinophilic
keratinosome
keratinous
neurokeratin
nonkeratin
parakeratin
grotesque
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/
ipa: /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/
rhymes: -ɛsk
Forms: form: grotesquer
form: more grotesque
form: grotesquest
form: most grotesque
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κρύπτω (krúptō)
Ancient Greek κρυπτή (kruptḗ)bor.
Latin crypta
Italian grotta
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor.
Vulgar Latin -iscus
Italian -esco
Italian grottescobor.
Middle French grotesquebor.
English grotesque
Borrowed from Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco, from grotta (“cave”) + -esco (relational suffix). Compare French grotesque English grotto.
Senses: examples: text: The chimney-piece was of party-coloured marble, covered with figures, some of whose faces were beautiful, but generally running off into those grotesque combinations which characterised the peculiar taste of their time.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 114:
text: A Libyan longing took us, and we would have chosen, if we could, to bear a strand of grotesque beads, or a handful of brazen gauds, and traffic them for some sable maid with crisp locks, whom, uncoffling from the captive train beside the desert, we should make to do our general housework forever, through the right of lawful purchase.
ref: 1912, The World's Wit and Humor, page 176:
text: Some of the vehicles are, indeed, taxis, but all of them are unoccupied, and most have their doors left open. There are colossally tall darkened figures stalking down the streets, so dark and slender that Wheeler actually fails to notice them. There is screaming, a grotesque, awful screaming coming from many human mouths, coming from somewhere down the main road. But that's the only way he can go.
ref: 2019 April 10, qntm, “CASE HATE RED”, in There Is No Antimemetics Division, →ISBN, page 141:
coordinate_terms: baroque
glosses: Distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal, especially in a hideous way.
examples: text: Trump’s grotesque and incomprehensible fondness for Putin makes the details of any deal highly dangerous for Europe and the NATO alliance, founded to confront Russia.
ref: 2024 November 9, Nick Paton Walsh, “Trump’s second term could bring chaos around the world. Will it work?”, in CNN:
synonyms: gross
glosses: Disgusting or otherwise viscerally revolting.
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: Sans serif.
Derived terms: grody
grotesquely
grotesqueness
grotesquery
grotty
guro
ero-guro
ungrotesque
grotesque
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/
ipa: /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/
rhymes: -ɛsk
Forms: form: grotesques
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κρύπτω (krúptō)
Ancient Greek κρυπτή (kruptḗ)bor.
Latin crypta
Italian grotta
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor.
Vulgar Latin -iscus
Italian -esco
Italian grottescobor.
Middle French grotesquebor.
English grotesque
Borrowed from Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco, from grotta (“cave”) + -esco (relational suffix). Compare French grotesque English grotto.
Senses: glosses: A style of ornamentation characterized by fanciful combinations of intertwined forms.
examples: text: Obese and largely unintelligible, Don Vito represents a working-class white male grotesque, the picture of excess.
ref: 2009, Emily Chivers Yochim, Skate Life, page 128:
text: He’s also the new character from Sacha Baron Cohen, the man behind Ali G, Borat and Brüno: that unholy trinity of comic grotesques that told us a lot more about ourselves than we’d like to admit.
ref: 2016 February 23, Robbie Collin, “Grimsby review: ' Sacha Baron Cohen's vital, venomous action movie'”, in The Daily Telegraph (London):
glosses: Anything grotesque.
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: A sans serif typeface.
grotesque
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/
ipa: /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/
rhymes: -ɛsk
Forms: form: grotesques
form: grotesquing
form: grotesqueing
form: grotesqued
form: grotesqued
Etymology: Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κρύπτω (krúptō)
Ancient Greek κρυπτή (kruptḗ)bor.
Latin crypta
Italian grotta
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor.
Vulgar Latin -iscus
Italian -esco
Italian grottescobor.
Middle French grotesquebor.
English grotesque
Borrowed from Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco, from grotta (“cave”) + -esco (relational suffix). Compare French grotesque English grotto.
Senses: examples: text: Why, when I saw that bestiality— / So beyond all brute-beast imagining, / That when, to point the moral at the close, / Poor Salabaccho, just to show how fair / Was ‘Reconciliation,’ stripped her charms, / That exhibition simply bade us breathe, / Seemed something healthy and commendable / After obscenity grotesqued so much / It slunk away revolted at itself.
ref: 1875, Robert Browning, Aristophanes’ Apology […], London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 27:
text: This is to grotesque Dante, not to translate him.
ref: 1891 December 19, “Dante”, in The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art, volume LXXII, number 1,886, London: […], →OCLC, page 707, column 2:
text: At this point, species is seen antagonistically by the subject as something intent on restricting its freedom and grotesqueing its vitality.
ref: 2010, Mark Driscoll, “Introduction”, in Absolute Erotic, Absolute Grotesque: The Living, Dead, and Undead in Japan’s Imperialism, 1895–1945, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, →ISBN, page 11:
text: Filking also allows fans to ‘answer back’ by reworking – resisting, grotesquing or parodying – the negative media stereotypes thrown at them.
ref: 2013, Mark Duffett, “Filking”, in Understanding Fandom: An Introduction to the Study of Media Fan Culture, New York, N.Y.; London: Bloomsbury Academic, →ISBN, “Fan practices” section, page 187:
glosses: To make grotesque.