cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
petit mal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɛti ˈmal/
Etymology: Borrowed from French petit mal (literally “little illness”).
Senses: examples: text: Petit mal seizures are also known as absence seizures, which cause a loss of consciousness that is usually brief and barely noticeable. The neurons in a normal brain communicate by firing tiny electric signals.
ref: 2010, Carol Turkington, Joseph Harris, The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders, 3rd edition, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 289:
topics: medicine
neurology
neuroscience
sciences
coordinate_terms: grand mal
glosses: A form of epilepsy where the seizures are characterized as minor, the person becomes vacant or unaware, but not involving spasms and unconsciousness. These seizures are usually brief, lasting up to 30 seconds, and may include twitching. A formal medical term would be absence seizures.
absence seizure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæb.sn̩s ˈsi.ʒɚ/
ipa: /ˈæb.sn̩ts ˈsi.ʒɚ/
Forms: form: absence seizures
Senses: examples: text: She blinked rapidly several times, then her chin lifted slightly and her eyes rolled back. It lasted only seconds but the EEG showed the presence of a type of generalized seizure called an “absence seizure” — characterized by a lack of attention. The strange eye movements indicated a rare type of absence-seizure disorder called Jeavons syndrome.
ref: 2022 October 13, Lisa Sanders, M.D., “She Suffered From Headaches and Fatigue. Were Concussions to Blame?”, in The New York Times Magazine:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A type of seizure indicative of petit mal epilepsy. Brief seizure lasting up to 30 seconds involving vacantness and lack of awareness, possibly including twitching; not including spasm or unconsciousness.
peppermint
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛpəˌmɪnt/
ipa: /ˈpɛpɚˌmɪnt/
Forms: form: peppermints
Etymology: From pepper + mint.
Senses: glosses: A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections.
examples: text: In the hissing flames, Greenhill and Travers boiled the bark from peppermint gums and roasted their kangaroo-skin jackets.
ref: 2004, Nicholas Shakespeare, In Tasmania, Harvill Press, p. 76
glosses: Any of various eucalypts of southeastern Australia whose leaves yield peppermint-like essential oils.
glosses: Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery.
Derived terms: peppermint bark
peppermint drop
peppermint geranium
peppermintini
peppermintlike
peppermint oil
peppermint shrimp
peppermint stick
peppermint tree
pepperminty
aula
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɔːlə/
Forms: form: aulas
form: aulae
form: aulæ
Etymology: From Latin aula (“forecourt”), from Ancient Greek αὐλά (aulá), the form of αὐλή (aulḗ, “forecourt”) in dialects other than Ionic and Attic.
Senses: examples: text: [I]n a healthy environment, young Mahoney might have taken the risk, both with University and, in part, with entering the Aula for the jibs dance.
ref: 2014, Peter Guy, As Mirrors Are Lonely, page 115:
glosses: A court or hall.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain leading to the lateral ventricles.
menthol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛnθɒl/
Forms: form: menthols
Etymology: From Latin mentha (“mint”) + -ol.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A cyclic monoterpene alcohol; the major component of the essential oil of peppermint; used in pharmaceutical preparations as an antitussive and antipruritic agent, as a nasal decongestant, and in menthol cigarettes.
glosses: A menthol cigarette.
Derived terms: dextromenthol
isomenthol
levomenthol
mentholate
mentholation
menthyl
neomenthol
nonmenthol
racementhol
spearmint
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspɪəˌmɪnt/
ipa: /ˈspɪɹˌmɪnt/
Forms: form: spearmints
Etymology: From spear (“sprout of a plant, spire”) + mint, so named due to its spiry blooms.
Senses: synonyms: garden mint
glosses: A herb of the mint family (Mentha spicata), commonly used in herb tea, candy and to treat mild stomach ache.
green pepper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: green peppers
Senses: glosses: The green, unripe, form of the sweet bell pepper.
glosses: A green variety of dried peppercorn, made from the unripe berries by treating them in a manner that retains the green color.
gingerbread man
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gingerbread men
Senses: synonyms: word: gingerbread husband
glosses: A biscuit or cookie in the shape of a person and flavored with ginger.
Derived terms: genderbread person
Gingerbreadman map
gingersnap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gingersnaps
form: ginger snap
Etymology: From ginger + snap.
Senses: glosses: A type of biscuit or cookie made from dough seasoned with ginger.
Synonyms: word: gingernut
word: gingerbread nut
jeroboam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jeroboams
Senses: glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Jeroboam: a very large wine bottle.
Derived terms: jerry
ginger pop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ginger pops
Senses: glosses: A soft drink flavored with ginger.
Synonyms: ginger ale
sesame oil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sesame oils
Senses: hypernyms: seed oil
<
vegetable oil
<
oil
coordinate_terms: olive oil
palm oil
;
more
glosses: Oil extracted from sesame seeds (often after roasting) and used to flavor foods.
smoke point
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: smoke points
Senses: examples: text: The smoke point depends on the initial free fatty acid content of the fat: the lower the free fatty acid content, the more stable the fat, and the higher the smoke point.
ref: 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 15, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
coordinate_terms: flash point
glosses: The temperature at which an oil or shortening begins to produce smoke.
non-ferrous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of nonferrous.
slink
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /slɪŋk/
rhymes: -ɪŋk
Forms: form: slinks
Etymology: From Middle English slynken, sclynken, from Old English slincan (“to creep; crawl”), from Proto-Germanic *slinkaną (“to creep; crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleng-, *slenk- (“to turn; wind; twist”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to sneak; crawl”).
Cognate with West Frisian slinke, Dutch slinken (“to shrink; shrivel”), Low German slinken, Swedish slinka (“to glide”). Compare also German schleichen (“to slink”). More at sleek.
Senses: examples: text: His slink became a stride; he held his tail high; his eyes began to look more curious than scared. But he was still cautious.
ref: 1998, Beppie Noyes, Mosby, the Kennedy Center Cat, page 30:
glosses: A furtive sneaking motion.
glosses: The young of an animal when born prematurely, especially a calf.
examples: text: It is an ascertained fact that young or “slink” veal very frequently gives rise to diarrhœa, more especially when that disease is epidemic.
ref: 1868, Charles Alexander Cameron, The Stock-Feeder's Manual:
glosses: The meat of such a prematurely born animal.
glosses: A bastard child, one born out of wedlock.
glosses: A thievish fellow; a sneak.
Derived terms: slink butcher
slink
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /slɪŋk/
rhymes: -ɪŋk
Forms: form: more slink
form: most slink
Etymology: From Middle English slynken, sclynken, from Old English slincan (“to creep; crawl”), from Proto-Germanic *slinkaną (“to creep; crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleng-, *slenk- (“to turn; wind; twist”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to sneak; crawl”).
Cognate with West Frisian slinke, Dutch slinken (“to shrink; shrivel”), Low German slinken, Swedish slinka (“to glide”). Compare also German schleichen (“to slink”). More at sleek.
Senses: synonyms: slunken
glosses: Thin; lean
untruth
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: ŭn-trōōth′
ipa: /ʌnˈtɹuːθ/
rhymes: -uːθ
Forms: form: untruths
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English untreuth, from Old English untrēowþ and unġetrēowþ, from Proto-West Germanic *untriuwiþu and *ungatriuwiþu, equivalent to un- + truth. Cognate with Old High German ungitriuwida.
Senses: examples: text: He added: "We've always had spin, especially from Government. But this is not spin. This is dishonesty and so it's our rail media's urgent responsibility to call it out because non-specialist journalists across the country will report this and gradually these untruths will be accepted.
ref: 2022 January 26, Paul Stephen, “Network News: Government's IRP claims condemned as "dishonest"”, in RAIL, number 949, page 7:
glosses: A lie or falsehood.
glosses: The condition of being false; truthlessness.
Synonyms: falsehood
indulging
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒɪŋ/
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of indulge
shooting star
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shooting stars
Senses: synonyms: falling star
meteor
faxed star
glosses: A meteor, especially a streak of light in the night sky, caused by a meteoroid burning up as it enters the Earth's atmosphere.
synonyms: shootingstar
glosses: Any of several wild flowering plants in the genus Primula (synonym Dodecatheon), mostly found in Western North America.
synonyms: shootingstar
eastern shooting star
American cowslip
prairie pointers
roosterheads
glosses: Any of several wild flowering plants in the genus Primula (synonym Dodecatheon), mostly found in Western North America.
The flowering plant Primula meadia (synonym Dodecatheon meadia).
Related terms: asteroid
comet
meteorite
endomorph
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛndəʊmɔːf/
ipa: /ˈɛndoʊmɔːɹf/
ipa: /ˈɛndəmɔːɹf/
Forms: form: endomorphs
Etymology: (physical type): Derived from endoderm + -morph from William Herbert Sheldon. Equivalent to endo- + -morph.
Senses: glosses: A mineral, especially a crystal, enclosed within another
examples: text: Some research shows that people with endomorph body types should aim to eat less fat and more protein. Other research has also found that some endomorphs are more sensitive to carbohydrates and the hormone insulin.
ref: 2025 February 4, Laura Schober, “What Does It Mean To Have an Endomorph Body Type?”, in Health:
glosses: A person of the endomorphic physical type, characterised by big bones, round face, large trunk and thighs and a naturally high degree of body fat, especially around the midsection.
topics: bodybuilding
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A person having a theoretical body type with slow metabolism in which weight is gained easily, but fat levels are hard to reduce. Endomorphic bodybuilders tend to be the most massive.
Derived terms: endomorphic
endomorphy
Related terms: ectomorph
mesomorph
bearded clam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bearded clams
Senses: examples: text: "In the latrines they predicted the 1209th would go to Osaka, Japan, where the bearded clam ran crosswise..."
ref: 1958, Thomas Berger, Crazy in Berlin, page 252:
text: that night after the dance, he / first touched the bearded clam.
ref: 1994, Adrian C. Louis, Blood Thirsty Savages: Poems, →ISBN, page 87:
text: "No panties, just bearded clam and glorious ass."
ref: 2004, Robert Arellano, Don Dimaio of La Plata, →ISBN, page 97:
glosses: Vulva
Related terms: bearded mussel
vertical smile
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: vertical smiles
Senses: examples: text: Making my tongue nice and stiff I entered her ass yet again, moving in and out as I ate her ass like a hungry and starved man. But it was not enough, for I longed for the sweetness of her, and so I moved my mouth and tongue further up to find her vertical smile. There I truly could taste her, enjoy her as I lovely^([sic]) licked at her privates again and again beckoning them to open up to me as I tried to French kiss her delicate lips.
ref: 2010, Tre, Draco's Awakening:
text: It's all she knows, she bends and twists and works the gaggle of men, enflaming them, enticing them, bringing them erect by revealing more and more of her pink shaven vertical smile.
ref: 2004, Michael Glock, Raisin Bread Toast: And Other Collected Tales of Fantastica:
text: 1994, David Farrell Krell, "To the Orange Grove at the Edge of the Sea: Remarks on Luce Iragaray's Amante marine", in Peter J. Burgard (ed.), Nietzsche and the Feminine, University of Virginia Press, →ISBN, page 207,
[…] she […] lowered her hands between her knees her thighs and joined thumb to thumb and index to index forming a diamond windowframe about her smiling not-mouth her notclosed lips her ragged gaping vertical smile […]
glosses: A vulva.
Related terms: vertical lips
ectomorph
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛktəʊmɔːf/
ipa: /ˈɛktoʊmɔːɹf/
ipa: /ˈɛktəmɔːɹf/
Forms: form: ectomorphs
Etymology: Derived from ectoderm + -morph from William Herbert Sheldon. Equivalent to ecto- + -morph.
Senses: examples: text: Also there was a woman I hadn't met, a chain-smoking French ectomorph whose job it was to make sense of records of public spending in the Ministry of Finance.
ref: 1990, Robert Klitgaard, Tropical Gangsters: One Man's Experience with Development and Decadence in Deepest Africa:
glosses: Someone with a lean, only slightly muscular body
examples: text: The ectomorph body type is characterized by narrow shoulders and hips and a lean build. Its naturally fast metabolism makes it easy for ectomorphs to lose or maintain body fat levels but more difficult to build muscle.
ref: 2025 February 6, Laura Schober, “Everything To Know About Having an Ectomorph Body Type”, in Health:
topics: bodybuilding
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Theoretical body type in which a person has a high metabolism. Such a person can easily maintain a low fat physique, but does not add muscle or body weight easily.
Synonyms: hard gainer
Derived terms: ectomorphic
ectomorphy
Related terms: endomorph
mesomorph
dugout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʌɡaʊt/
Forms: form: dugouts
form: dug-out
Etymology: From the verb phrase dug out.
Senses: examples: text: The other explained that it had come with a fleet of canoes in charge of an English half-caste clerk Kurtz had with him; that Kurtz had apparently intended to return himself, the station being by that time bare of goods and stores, but after coming three hundred miles, had suddenly decided to go back, which he started to do alone in a small dug-out with four paddlers, leaving the half-caste to continue down the river with the ivory.
ref: 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II, pages 479–480:
topics: nautical
transport
synonyms: dugout canoe
logboat
periagua
glosses: A canoe made from a hollowed-out log.
examples: text: The key unit of life here is the dugout – what the soldiers call a ‘blindage’ – an underground burrow where half a dozen men share the narrow space between the bunks with weapons, ammunition, biscuits, tea bags, and a jumble of other essentials (there is also usually a cat, not to mention the mice).
ref: 2017 January 14, Roland Oliphant, “Special report: Loose cannons at the frontline of Ukraine's forgotten war”, in The Telegraph:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A pit dug into the ground as a shelter, especially from enemy fire.
examples: text: Spurs, who were without boss Harry Redknapp after his heart surgery, failed to create a clear-cut chance. Redknapp is expected to be back in the dugout when Spurs play Fulham at Craven Cottage on Sunday but it was left to his assistant Kevin Bond to take a young team to Russia looking for the win that would put them through to the last 32.
ref: 2011 November 3, Chris Bevan, “Rubin Kazan 1 - 0 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport:
topics: ball-games
baseball
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
soccer
sports
glosses: A sunken shelter at the side of a sports field where non-playing team members and staff sit during a game.
glosses: A small portable case for equipment used to smoke marijuana.
glosses: A pit used to catch and store rainwater or runoff.
Derived terms: dugout canoe
quia
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin quia (“because”).
Senses: glosses: Relating to the belief that the Book of Concord is authoritative because it faithfully describes the Christian faith as revealed in the Bible.
Coordinate terms: quatenus
quia
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin quia (“because”).
Senses: glosses: In a quia manner.
Irwin
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɝwɪn/
Forms: form: Irwins
Etymology: From a medieval given name Erwin, Old English eofor (“boar”) + wine (“friend”), the latter of which is from Proto-West Germanic *wini.
Senses: glosses: A Scottish or Irish surname originating as a patronymic.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Merced County, California.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Bonneville County, Idaho.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Kankakee County, Illinois.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A minor city in Shelby County, Iowa.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Cherry County, Nebraska.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Union Township, Union County, Ohio.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Venango County, Pennsylvania.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A census-designated place in Lancaster County, South Carolina.
glosses: A local government area, the Shire of Irwin, in the Mid West region, Western Australia.
Derived terms: Irwin County
Irwinton
quoniam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: quoniams
Senses: glosses: A kind of drinking-cup.
pickpocket
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/
Forms: form: pickpockets
form: pick-pocket
Etymology: From pick + pocket.
Senses: examples: text: Old men, young men, and boys, stalwart burglars and highway robbers, slept side by side with wizened pickpockets or cunning-featured area-sneaks.
ref: 1874, Marcus Clarke, For the Term of his Natural Life, Penguin, published 2009, page 52:
text: For several days, Mr. Sammler returning on the customary bus late afternoons from the Forty-second Street Library had been watching a pickpocket at work […] Mr. Sammler if he had not been a tall straphanger would not with his one good eye have seen these things happening.
ref: 1970, Saul Bellow, chapter 1, in Mr. Sammler’s Planet, Greenwich, CT: Fawcett, published 1971, page 8:
coordinate_terms: putpocket
glosses: One who steals from the pocket of a passerby, usually by sleight of hand.
Synonyms: word: cutpurse
word: dip
word: dipper
word: foist
word: footpad
word: gonoph
word: nip
word: nipper
word: pickpocket
word: pickpocketer
word: pickpurse
word: prig
Hypernyms: word: criminal
word: thief
Hyponyms: word: autem diver
word: mobsman
word: prat digger
Derived terms: antipickpocket
pickpocketee
pickpocketer
pickpocketism
pickpocketry
reverse pickpocket
Related terms: word: Adam Tiler
word: street urchin
pickpocket
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/
Forms: form: pickpockets
form: pickpocketing
form: pickpocketed
form: pickpocketed
form: pick-pocket
Etymology: From pick + pocket.
Senses: examples: text: Vodafone has also dropped its claim against one of Rhys Edwards’s travelling companions – who had been at the same reunion and had his phone pickpocketed two hours later in almost identical circumstances to Rhys Edwards.
ref: 2014 November 22, Miles Brignall, “Victory against Vodafone for schoolteacher billed £15,000”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To pick pockets; to steal.
Derived terms: reverse-pickpocket
irremediable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more irremediable
form: most irremediable
Etymology: Ultimately from Latin irremediābilis. By surface analysis, ir- + remediable.
Senses: glosses: Unable to be remedied, cured, corrected or repaired; irreparable, incurable.
Derived terms: irremediableness
irremediably
laters
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈleɪtɚz/
ipa: /ˈleɪtəz/
Etymology: Ellipsis of see you later + -s (hypocoristic suffix) (compare toodles and bye-byes).
Senses: examples: text: But all she says is “Ring us if you want to go out this week. Laters!” and puts the phone down.
ref: 2001, Anna Maxted, Getting Over It http://print.google.com/print?hl=en&id=658ZQCdB-e4C&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&sig=QA1HWuIr72BLnEhEh_2n8VhPwD0
text: ‘Shanks,’ says Trevor into his mobile, ‘we just gone down a snake. I’ll see ya tomorrow, laters.’
ref: 2004, J J Connolly, Layer Cake http://print.google.com/print?hl=en&id=moH7-dVMlLcC&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&sig=C8ip3JP1HZSFuqfBjRDvXJEYmFM
text: You know where the money is and how much. Tell him the usual. Yep. Laters.
ref: 2004, Thomas Neradin, Last Train http://print.google.com/print?hl=en&id=-wcHR-WlhXkC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&sig=4_asKYcTxPOHVinOI5NvJ_9LEMY
glosses: see you later; an expression used at parting.
antbird
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: antbirds
Etymology: From ant + bird.
Senses: glosses: Any of various drab-colored South American birds of the family Thamnophilidae that feed on ants.
Hyponyms: antshrike
antthrush
antvireo
antwren
Derived terms: pale-faced antbird
yellow-browed antbird
residuum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɛˈzɪ.dju.ʌm/
ipa: /ɹɪ-/
ipa: /-ˈzɪ.dʒu-/
Forms: form: residuums
form: residua
Etymology: From Latin residuum. Doublet of residue.
Senses: glosses: The residue, remainder or rest of something.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The solid material remaining after the liquid in which it was dissolved has been evaporated; a residue.
examples: text: The residuum of the minimum t-norm is a function #92;rightarrow such that x#92;rightarrowy#61;#92;begin#123;cases#125;y,amp;#92;text#123;if#125;xgt;y#92;#92;1,amp;#92;text#123;if#125;x#92;leqslanty.#92;end#123;cases#125;
qualifier: fuzzy logic
glosses: A binary function from [0,1] × [0,1] to [0,1] which is defined in terms of the t-norm as follows: x→y= sup z|z*x⩽y, where * denotes the t-norm function and sup denotes the supremum.
topics: law
glosses: The residue of an estate.
Synonyms: sense: rest of something
word: lave
word: remnant
Related terms: sense: fuzzy logic
word: relative pseudo-complement
pasteurisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: pasteurisations
form: pasteurization
Etymology: From French pasteurisation, from the surname of its inventor, Louis Pasteur.
Senses: examples: text: Lorries collect the milk from the various outlying farms, whence it is taken to the district distribution centre to undergo pasteurisation.
ref: 1959 March, R. C. Rley, “Home with the Milk”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 155, 157:
glosses: Heat-treatment of a perishable food to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells followed by immediate cooling to limit growth of the surviving cells and germination of spores.
Related terms: pasteurise
lyophilization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lyophilizations
form: lyophilisation
Etymology: 1894, US. lyo- + philos + -ization (alternatively analyzed as lyophilize + -ation), from Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “to loosen, to dissolve”) + φίλος (phílos, “beloved”) + -ίζειν (-ízein) + Latin -ātiō, due to the dried product being able to rapidly reabsorb the solvent and restore the original substance, hence “lyophil” (solvent-loving). Popularized from 1960 by Louis R. Rey. Cognates in other European languages via same construction.
Senses: examples: text: After dialysis, the enzyme can be obtained as a dry powder by lyophilization.
Lyophilization The process of vacuum-drying substances from the frozen state. The water is sublimated into a trap at low temperature or is absorbed by drying agents. Verb: lyophilize.
ref: 1894, United States Department of Agriculture, Crops in Peace and War: The Yearbook of Agriculture (U.S. G.P.O.), p. 74, p. 907
glosses: Synonym of freeze-drying.
synonyms: word: freeze-drying
Related terms: lyophilic
lyophilize
lyophilized
bushed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bʊʃt/
rhymes: -ʊʃt
Etymology: From bush.
Senses: examples: text: After hours on the airplane and a long drive, I'm bushed.
glosses: Very tired; exhausted.
examples: text: After three weeks up there I was bushed and needed to get out.
glosses: Mentally unwell due to isolation, especially due to working in a remote mine or camp; experiencing cabin fever.
examples: text: Body weight is carried directly by the lower ends of rubber-bushed swing links of 19.6 in. effective length.
ref: 1960 December, “Thee first hundred 25 kV a.c. electric locomotives for B.R.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 726:
glosses: Incorporating a bush, a mechanical part.
examples: text: ‘She changes her shape depending on which way you're coming at her. Once you know the contours of Bulgonunna you'll never get bushed in this country.’
ref: 2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 271:
glosses: Lost in the bush.
Synonyms: beat
fatigued
Derived terms: unbushed
superheterodyne receivers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of superheterodyne receiver
supersonic heterodyne receivers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of supersonic heterodyne receiver
pipe dream
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpaɪp driːm/
ipa: /ˈpaɪp ˌdrim/
Forms: form: pipe dreams
form: pipedream
Etymology: From pipe + dream, referring to the fantasies experienced when smoking an opium pipe. Compare Old English pīpdrēam (“the sound or music of a pipe”), which is formed identically but has a different meaning.
Senses: examples: text: I think that his plan to become a professional athlete is a pipe dream and that he should stay in school.
text: Only a year ago it would have needed a "super-Micawber" to be optimistic that the railways would once again pay their way. But it was no longer a pipe dream that B.R. could make a profit, the way to do it was now clear.
ref: 1962 December, “Dr. Beeching Previews the Plan for British Railways”, in Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 376:
synonyms: castle in the air
pie in the sky
coordinate_terms: figment of one's imagination
glosses: A desire or idea which is unlikely to materialize, or a plan which is unlikely to work; a near impossibility.
Derived terms: word: pipe-dream
word: pipedreamed
english: modelled after pipe dream
translation: modelled after pipe dream
word: pipe-dreamer
word: pipe dreaming
sprinkling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of sprinkle
sprinkling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sprinklings
Senses: glosses: The action of the verb to sprinkle.
examples: text: Among the devotees […] were persons who suffered from loathsome skin diseases, such as smallpox, abscesses, and the itch; and among them there was a fair sprinkling of debauchees, who had drunk themselves nearly blind and hoped to recover the use of their precious eyes by parading for a month in this curious mantle.
ref: 1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 9, page 299:
text: It notes: "The Welsh Government's view is that genuine 'levelling up' cannot simply mean a sprinkling of new, ad hoc rail projects decided in Whitehall, it has to be part of a strategic approach to promoting growth in all parts of the UK."
ref: 2020 December 2, Philip Haigh, “When will Wales's wish for rail improvements come true?”, in Rail, page 32:
synonyms: word: dusting
word: smattering
word: sprinkle
word: ace
word: tinge
word: atom
word: trace element
word: aught
word: bissel
word: bit
word: crumb
word: glimpse
word: dab
word: damn
word: dash
word: diddly
word: glint
word: dot
word: spatter
word: drop
word: dusting
word: fleck
word: hint
word: flip
word: flyspeck
word: grain
word: halfpennyworth
word: inch
word: iota
word: jot
word: lick
word: mite
word: modicum
word: molecule
word: morceau
word: morsel
word: mote
word: ooch
word: ounce
word: particle
word: pennyworth
word: piece
word: pinch
word: scantling
word: semblance
word: scent
word: scintilla
word: scooch
word: scrap
word: scruple
word: shred
word: skerrick
word: skoosh
word: skosh
word: sliver
word: smattering
word: smidge
word: smidgen
word: smidget
word: smidgy
word: smitch
word: smithereen
word: soupçon
word: spark
word: speck
word: speckle
word: spot
word: sprinkle
word: sprinkling
word: strain
word: tad
word: tidbit
word: tidge
word: tittle
word: toddick
word: touch
word: trace
word: trifle
word: tuppence worth
word: vestige
word: whiff
word: whit
glosses: A small thinly distributed amount, e.g. of some liquid, powder or other fine substance that is sprinkled on to something.
synonyms: flirt
skiff
sprinkle
glosses: A light shower of rain.
synonyms: diffusion
dispersion
spatter
spread
strewing
glosses: A scattering.
Derived terms: sprinkling can
checklist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/
Forms: form: checklists
Etymology: From check + list.
Senses: glosses: A list of tasks to be completed, names to be consulted, conditions to be verified and similar.
examples: text: a checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield
topics: biology
natural-sciences
taxonomy
glosses: An inventory, especially of species.
Derived terms: checklister
Related terms: punch list
to-do list
checklist
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/
Forms: form: checklists
form: checklisting
form: checklisted
form: checklisted
Etymology: From check + list.
Senses: examples: text: It was like he was checklisting the steps of brushing your teeth. Everyone knows how to brush your teeth—you do it automatically—so what good would a checklist do?
ref: 2020, Danielle Ofri, When We Do Harm: A Doctor Confronts Medical Error, page 10:
glosses: To add to a checklist.
confidentially
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more confidentially
form: most confidentially
Etymology: From confidential + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: He leant towards her confidentially, "He was thrown out of Rome, see?"
ref: 1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 75:
synonyms: in confidence
glosses: In a confidential manner.
glosses: Spoken of in a private manner.
rookery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rookeries
Etymology: From rook + -ery, 1725.
Senses: examples: text: It was a rookery which had never been raided by the hunters, and in consequence the seals were mild-tempered and at the same time unafraid.
ref: 1904, Jack London, chapter 30, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
text: In winter rooks roost together in large numbers, and the roost may or may not be a rookery, but almost daily the local residents pay visits to the nesting trees, and about this time often begin playing at nest-building.
ref: 1914 February 2, “Corvine conversation in Cheshire rookery”, in The Guardian:
text: There are six rookeries either side of Haddiscoe Island, which average 283 nests each.
ref: 2017 April 18, Mark Cocker, “Something is amiss with the Yare valley rooks”, in The Guardian:
glosses: A colony of breeding birds or other animals.
examples: text: Lord John Roxton and I turned down Vigo Street together and through the dingy portals of the famous aristocratic rookery.
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
text: Spying flames vomiting from a Manhattan tenement one night last week, a scavenging junkman named Roderick Good turned in an alarm. In their beds in the five-story rookery lay more than 100 tenants.
ref: 1934 April 2, “Business: Tenements”, in Time, archived from the original on 05 Mar 2012:
text: The squares near Ladbroke Grove station ... never managed to attract the kind of people for which they were designed and sank rapidly into multiple occupation, becoming almost as bad as the nearby rookeries of north-west Kensington.
ref: 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 50, quoting Christian Wolmar:
glosses: A crowded tenement.
examples: text: The Flower and Dean St rookery had been home to many of those who lived at least partly by street crime.
ref: 1980, Jerry White, Rothschild Buildings: life in an East End tenement block, 1887-1920, page 128:
text: These rookeries sustained criminal social systems that provided schooling in crime for the young and newcomers.
ref: 1995, Cyrille Fijnaut, Changes in Society, Crime and Criminal Justice in Europe:
text: In the Victorian imagination, crime and the criminal class were always associated with rookeries, the dense slum areas in which criminals were said to live.
ref: 1998, Stephen Inwood with Roy Porter, A History of London, page 522:
synonyms: slum
glosses: A place where criminals congregate, often an area of a town or city.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: That part of the barracks occupied by subalterns.
rancour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rancours
Etymology: First attested as Middle English rancour in the early 13th century, from Old French rancor, from Latin rancor (“rancidity, grudge, rancor”), from ranceō (“be rotten or putrid, stink”), from which also English rancid.
Senses: examples: text: By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity. Mrs. Spoker, in common with many of the stricter disciples of righteousness, was as inclement in demeanour as she was cadaverous in aspect.
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 4, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
glosses: British, Canada, and Australia spelling of rancor.
tops
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɒps/
enpr: täps
ipa: /tɑps/
rhymes: -ɒps
Etymology: Likely top + -s (diminutive).
Senses: examples: text: Your essay should be two pages, tops.
glosses: At the very most; as a maximum.
tops
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɒps/
enpr: täps
ipa: /tɑps/
rhymes: -ɒps
Etymology: Likely top + -s (diminutive).
Senses: examples: text: This is tops for a musical. Popular with the audience.
ref: 1938, Motion Picture Herald, volume 132, numbers 7-13, page 61:
text: Everyone who has ever eaten a torte loves it. It is tops in the dessert field.
ref: 1944 February 2, Katherine Kitchen, “Favorite Recipes: A Sweet Little Blitz!”, in The Sacramento Bee, volume 173, number 28,188, Sacramento, Calif., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 13, column 4:
text: Joe Issenberg, Al Kahn, A. Amato and B. B. Saunders all agreed that it was tops for a meeting place.
ref: 1958 May 5, Billboard, page 139:
text: But if you feel like sitting down for an evening of *cinema* (or just wanna put something on in the background that you can make out to) sexy movies are kinda tops.
ref: 2022 November 22, Katherine J Igoe, Rachel Varina, “20 Sexiest Movies of 2022 and Where You Can Stream ’Em All Yourself”, in Cosmopolitan:
glosses: Great; excellent.
tops
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɒps/
enpr: täps
ipa: /tɑps/
rhymes: -ɒps
Etymology: Likely top + -s (diminutive).
Senses: glosses: plural of top
tops
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɒps/
enpr: täps
ipa: /tɑps/
rhymes: -ɒps
Etymology: Likely top + -s (diminutive).
Senses: examples: text: Scoring 38 more points leaves him with tops for the win.
topics: darts
games
glosses: The uppermost field of a dartboard; the double-20 field
tops
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɒps/
enpr: täps
ipa: /tɑps/
rhymes: -ɒps
Etymology: Likely top + -s (diminutive).
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of top
hi-tech
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪ tɛk/
ipa: [haɪ̯ tʰɛk]
Etymology: From hi (adjective) + tech.
Senses: glosses: Clipping of high technology.
hi-tech
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪ tɛk/
ipa: [haɪ̯ tʰɛk]
Forms: form: high-tech
Etymology: From hi (adjective) + tech.
Senses: examples: text: River hadn't laid eyes on Hobden before, but this had to be him: average height, thinning brownish hair, look of terror as he turned to face this new intrusion even while crushed in an arm-lock by the previous invader, the achiever—except this wasn't an achiever: he was blackclad, wore a balaclava, had a utility belt round his waist, but the ensemble lacked the hi-tech tailoring of the genuine article.
ref: 2011, Mick Herron, Slow Horses:
text: The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.
ref: 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:
glosses: Of, or using high technology.
Related terms: high tech
OMFG
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: examples: text: The messages also show the reaction of Hancock and Coladangelo to a video obtained by the Sun. “OMFG,” Coladangelo said.
ref: 2023 March 4, Hayden Vernon, quoting Gina Coladangelo, “New leaked messages show Matt Hancock’s reaction to footage of him kissing aide”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
qualifier: blasphemous
glosses: Initialism of oh my fucking God.
Related terms: OMG
ZOMG
jet-black
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jet black
Etymology: From jet + black.
Senses: glosses: Coal-black; the blackest black.
jet-black
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more jet-black
form: most jet-black
Etymology: From jet + black.
Senses: examples: text: Year after year unto her feet, / She lying on her couch alone, / Across the purpled coverlet, / The maiden's jet-black hair has grown, […]
ref: 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Sleeping Palace.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 152:
glosses: Pitch-black; of the blackest black.
Jeroboam
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈboʊəm/
rhymes: -oʊəm
Etymology: Borrowed from Hebrew יָרָבְעָם (yāroḇʿām).
Senses: glosses: First king of the Kingdom of Israel.
Jeroboam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈboʊəm/
rhymes: -oʊəm
Forms: form: Jeroboams
Etymology: Borrowed from Hebrew יָרָבְעָם (yāroḇʿām).
Senses: glosses: A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 3 liters of fluid, four times the volume of a standard bottle.
glosses: A bottle of Bordeaux wine containing 4.5 liters of fluid, six times the volume of a standard bottle.
Synonyms: double magnum
Derived terms: Jerry
lat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːt/
rhymes: -ɑːt
Forms: form: lats
form: lât
form: lāt
form: lath
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi लाट (lāṭ, “pillar; minaret; staff, club”), लाठ (lāṭh, “long staff; cudgel”), etc.
Senses: topics: engineering
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
tools
war
weaponry
glosses: A staff, particularly one of an Indian kind.
examples: text: A high pillar of stone called Bheem-lat, or the Tealee, or oilman's lat or staff.
ref: 1801, “Miscellaneous Tracts”, in Asiatic Annual Register, page 313:
topics: architecture
glosses: A monumental pillar, particularly the Buddhist columns erected in East India.
lat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːt/
rhymes: -ɑːt
Forms: form: lats
Etymology: Clipping of latrine.
Senses: examples: text: At Salisbury Plain and Camberley in 1909/10 I learnt a number of camping expressions like... lats (latrines).
ref: 1927, William Edward Collinson, Contemporary English, page 92:
text: Other synonyms [sc. for lavatories] are rears, lats... and dubs.
ref: 1940, M. Marples, Public School Slang, page 112:
synonyms: word: bathroom
word: latrine
word: necessarium
word: toilet
word: toilet room
word: urinal
word: water closet
word: WC
word: cloaca
word: closet
word: jacques
word: kocay
word: siege
word: cludgie
word: neddy
word: netty
word: shield
word: six
word: facilities
word: ladies and gentlemen
word: lavatory
word: lavabo
word: necessary
word: necessary room
word: office
word: office of ease
word: place
word: potty
word: privy
word: small room
word: smallest room
word: throne room
word: cottage
word: geography
word: House of Lords
word: khazi
word: usual offices
word: restroom
word: teahouse
word: tearoom
word: washroom
raw_tags: used in Canada
word: closet of decency
word: closet of ease
word: house of office
word: necessary place
word: purging place
word: vault
word: withdraught
word: wardrobe
word: shitter
word: urination station
word: bog
word: carsey
word: crapper
word: karzy
word: lats
word: lav
word: lavvy
word: loo
word: thunderbox
raw_tags: in Australia
word: can
word: john
word: johnny
word: bogger
word: brasco
word: dike
raw_tags: in New Zealand
word: dunny
raw_tags: in New Zealand
word: jacks
word: jakes
glosses: A latrine: a rudimentary or military facility for urination and defecation.
lat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːt/
rhymes: -ɑːt
ipa: /lɑt/
ipa: /lɑːt/
rhymes: -ɑːt
Forms: form: lats
Etymology: Borrowed from Latvian lats, a clipping of Latvija (“Latvia”).
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
numismatics
glosses: The gold-backed monetary unit of Latvia from August 1922 until April 1941, when it was replaced by the Soviet ruble; it was typically pegged at about 25 to the British pound.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
numismatics
glosses: The floating fiat monetary unit of Latvia from 1992 until January 2014, when it was replaced by the euro.
glosses: A coin or bill of either currency.
Synonyms: word: lats
Hyponyms: santim
lat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːt/
rhymes: -ɑːt
ipa: /lɑt/
Forms: form: lats
Etymology: Clipping of latissimus.
Senses: glosses: A latissimus dorsi muscle.
Derived terms: imaginary lat syndrome
invisible lat syndrome
lat pulldown
lat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /lɑːt/
rhymes: -ɑːt
ipa: /lɑt/
enpr: lăt
ipa: /læt/
rhymes: -æt
ipa: /lɑːt/
rhymes: -ɑːt
ipa: /lɑt/
Forms: form: lats
Etymology: Clipping of latitude.
Senses: topics: geography
natural-sciences
coordinate_terms: lon
long
glosses: Clipping of latitude.
Related terms: lat.
inkstand
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inkstands
Etymology: From ink + stand.
Senses: examples: text: 1765, Laurence Sterne, letter published in Original Letters of the Late Reverend Mr. Laurence Sterne, never before published, London: 1788, pp. 89-90,
[…] if I thought any thing I might hereafter write would be within their reach, I would throw the Manuscript that is now before me into the fire, and never dip my pen into my Ink-stand again […]
text: I beg your pardon for being here. I come to look for you, and after waiting a little while in hope of your coming in, was making use of your inkstand to explain my errand.
ref: 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 189:
text: If you have no ink with you, the first time you go out, stop in at a stationer’s store, and buy a small sixpenny bottle that will stand steadily alone, and answer the purpose of an inkstand.
ref: 1864, Eliza Leslie, chapter 1, in The Ladies’ Guide to True Politeness and Perfect Manners: or, Miss Leslie’s Behaviour Book, Philadelphia: T.B. Peterson & Bros, page 21:
glosses: A small tray containing pens and an inkwell; (by extension) a pot for holding ink, inkpot, inkwell.
Related terms: inkhorn
inlaid
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -eɪd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of inlay
inlaid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -eɪd
Senses: glosses: Set into a surface in a decorative pattern.
raw_tags: of a design
examples: text: When the Minister of Defense was about to raise an elegantly worded, logical, and tactful objection, the French president slammed down his bottle of Perrier on the antique, polished, inlaid surface of the cabinet table and told him to shut up and have the men at the airfield in two hours.
ref: 1994, Tom Clancy, Armored Cav: A Guided Tour of an Armored Cavalry Regiment, New York: Berkley Books, →ISBN, page 281:
text: In 2003, at Neal Auction Company in New Orleans, an 1810s mahogany armoire inlaid with ribbons and vines brought $140,000 (the presale estimate was $30,000 to $50,000).
ref: 2010 December 9, Eve M. Kahn, “Exploring the Art of Louisiana Furniture”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 18 Jun 2020:
glosses: Having an inset decorative pattern.
raw_tags: of the surface of an item
Derived terms: uninlaid
benedictive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From benedict + -ive.
Senses: glosses: Of, relating to, or being a benediction or blessing.
Derived terms: benedictively
benedictive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: benedictives
Etymology: From benedict + -ive.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A particular verbal mood in Sanskrit language.
caparisoned
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more caparisoned
form: most caparisoned
Etymology: From caparison + -ed.
Senses: glosses: Having a richly ornamented harness.
raw_tags: of a horse or elephant
examples: text: Preceded by the richly caparisoned guards, care had been taken to give them the appearance of an escort necessary to dignity—but not to security.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter X, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 108:
text: Nevertheless, a good Turkish meal was enjoyed in the merry company of Customs men and divers gaily-caparisoned officials.
ref: 1951 December, “Notes and News: Overland to Iraq”, in Railway Magazine, page 854:
glosses: Dressed in richly ornamented finery.
Derived terms: uncaparisoned
caparisoned
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From caparison + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: She was tall and angular, and held her head very high; it was surmounted with wonderful turbans and plumages, and indeed the four ladies were caparisoned altogether in a manner of their own.
ref: 1889, Henry James, The Solution:
text: Every kind of harness is used; some is well blacked and greased and glittering with brass, others are almost as grey with dust as the donkey itself. Some of the jackasses are gaudily caparisoned in an old carriage-harness, which fits it like a man’s coat on a boy’s back, while the plated silver ornaments are pink, with the copper showing through; others have rope traces and belly-bands, and not a few indulge in old cotton handkerchiefs for pads.
ref: 1851, Henry Mayhew, “Costermongers”, in London Labour and the London Poor:
glosses: simple past and past participle of caparison
semestre
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: semestres
Senses: glosses: Obsolete form of semester.