cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
downmarket
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: downmarkets
form: downmarketing
form: downmarketed
form: downmarketed
Etymology: From down- + market.
Senses: examples: text: If there has been a genuine dissemination of a certain degree of readership, of artistic interest and, very notably, of musical awareness and response, there has also been a 'downmarketing', a vulgarization of culture […]
ref: 2011, Ricardo Gil Soeiro, Sofia Tavares, Rethinking the Humanities: Paths and Challenges, page 37:
text: As Rob Plant explained, there is a “downmarketing” process when tourists experience problems with their initial accommodation plans and settle for the next level: for example, from one-star hotel down to backpacker hostel.
ref: 2000, Helen Jefferson Lenskyj, Inside the Olympic Industry: Power, Politics, and Activism, page 147:
glosses: To render or become downmarket.
downtrodden
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaʊnˌtɹɒdən/
ipa: /ˈdaʊnˌtɹɑdən/
Forms: form: more downtrodden
form: most downtrodden
Etymology: From Middle English *dountroden, past participle of Middle English dountreden (“to tread down, trample”), equivalent to down- + trodden.
Senses: synonyms: undertrodden
glosses: Oppressed, persecuted or subjugated.
examples: a patch of downtrodden soil
glosses: Trodden down.
Derived terms: downtroddenly
downtroddenness
downtrodden
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaʊnˌtɹɒdən/
ipa: /ˈdaʊnˌtɹɑdən/
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Senses: glosses: past participle of downtread
glosses: past participle of downtrod
dragonnade
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪd
Forms: form: dragonnades
Etymology: Borrowed from French dragonnade, from dragon (“dragoon”) + -ade.
Senses: glosses: A policy by Louis XIV to intimidate Huguenots to reconvert to Roman Catholicism.
glosses: The abandonment of a place to the violence of soldiers.
cycloalkane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cycloalkanes
Etymology: From cyclo- + alkane.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon.
Derived terms: heterocycloalkane
Related terms: cyclobutane
cyclodecane
cyclododecane
cycloheptane
cyclohexane
cyclononane
cyclooctane
cyclopentane
cyclopropane
cycloundecane
alkane
benzene
cycloheptane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cycloheptanes
Etymology: From cyclo- + heptane.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₇H₁₄; a volatile inflammable liquid.
Derived terms: cycloheptannulated
cycloheptannulation
cycloheptanone
deptropine
spirocycloheptane
Related terms: heptane
Conky Joe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Conky Joes
Senses: glosses: A white resident or native of the Bahamas.
chlor-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Senses: glosses: Form of chloro- used mainly before a vowel.
anthropomorphize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˌanθɹəpəˈmɔːfʌɪz/
Forms: form: anthropomorphizes
form: anthropomorphizing
form: anthropomorphized
form: anthropomorphized
form: anthropomorphise
Etymology: By surface analysis, anthropo- + morph + -ize.
Senses: glosses: To endow with human qualities.
examples: text: Bonnie Lucas further anthropomorphizes the flower in her watercolors, combining it surreally with the human female figure[…]
ref: 1988 January 15, Kathryn Hixson, “On Exhibit: a gallery full of flowers”, in Chicago Reader:
text: A month away from twenty-six and there you are, in the middle of a Monday afternoon, genuinely engaged in the madcap antics of a slope-headed, claymated man and his anthropomorphized horse.
ref: 1998, Paul McComas, Twenty Questions: A Collection of Short and Very Short Stories, Fithian Press, →ISBN, page 33:
text: It has been two months since I last checked my feed, during which time Facebook has sent me notifications I didn't sign up for, informing me every time someone posts, and invited me to attend locally organised focus groups. […] Of course, I am anthropomorphising a machine; no one is in charge of all this.
ref: 2018 June 15, Emma Brockes, “No, Facebook, I won’t be back. I’ve seen the dangers of habitual sharing”, in The Guardian:
text: But for some animal-obsessive ceramists, anthropomorphizing as a sculptural approach is a zany (and speedy) joy.
ref: 2021 August 19, Nancy Hass, “The Ceramists Crafting Miniature Menageries”, in The New York Times Style Magazine:
text: I do think that this perspective offers a useful corrective to the tendency to anthropomorphize large-language models, but there is another aspect to the compression analogy that is worth considering.
ref: 2023 February 9, Ted Chiang, “ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the Web”, in The New Yorker:
glosses: To attribute human-like characteristics to (something that is non-human).
Derived terms: anthropomorphizable
unanthropomorphized
Related terms: anthropomorphic
anthropomorphically
anthropomorphism
anthropomorphization
disynaptic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪs(a)ɪˈnæptɪk/
Etymology: From di- + synaptic.
Senses: glosses: Characterizes a connection between two neurons as involving an intermediate neuron.
Derived terms: disynaptically
chervil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)vɪl/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)vɪl
Forms: form: chervils
Etymology: From Middle English chervell, from Old English cerfille, from Anglo-Norman chervele (compare Jèrriais chèrfi), from Latin caerefolium, from Ancient Greek χαιρέφυλλον (khairéphullon).
Senses: examples: text: The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]
ref: 1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:
glosses: A leafy herb, Anthriscus cerefolium, resembling parsley.
examples: text: No herb, except perhaps tarragon, is quite so French as chervil, an association that is not surprising for a nation known for its celebration of fine food and the subtle use of herbs.
ref: 2016, Susan Belsinger, Arthur O. Tucker, The Culinary Herbal, Timber Press, →ISBN, page 57:
text: Cook fresh chervil leaves very little, if at all. They are best when added to a dish after it has been cooked, or toward the end of the cooking time.
ref: 2017, Alice Arndt, Seasoning Savvy: How to Cook with Herbs, Spices, and Other Flavorings, CRC Press, →ISBN:
glosses: Leaves from the plant, used as an herb in cooking, which have a mild flavor of anise.
Synonyms: sense: plant
word: garden chervil
sense: plant
word: French parsley
sense: leaves of herb
word: gourmet's parsley
Derived terms: taxonomic: Alcyonidium diaphanum
word: sea chervil
taxonomic: Chaerophyllum bulbosum
word: turnip rooted chervil
taxonomic: Anthriscus caucalis
word: bur chervil
taxonomic: Anthriscus sylvestris
word: wild chervil
lovage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlʌvɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈlʌvəd͡ʒ/
Forms: form: lovages
Etymology: From Middle English loveache, a folk-etymological alteration, after love and ache (“parsley”), of Anglo-Norman luvasche and Old French luvache, loveche et al., and Middle French levesche, from Latin levisticum, probably alteration of Latin ligusticum, substantivization of the neuter of Ligusticus (“Ligurian”), ultimately from Ancient Greek Λιγυστικός (Ligustikós, “Ligurian”), from Λίγυς (Lígus, “Ligurian”). This replaced the Old English name lufestiċe (literally “love-stitch”), which was also derived from levisticum and altered by folk-etymology.
Senses: glosses: A perennial Mediterranean herb, of species Levisticum officinale, with odor and flavor resembling celery.
glosses: A liquor made from this herb.
glosses: Various species in the genus Ligusticum (generally with an adjective to differentiate them from Levisticum)
Derived terms: taxonomic: Ligusticum scoticum
word: Scots lovage
taxonomic: Ligusticum striatum
word: Szechuan lovage
untalkative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more untalkative
form: most untalkative
Etymology: From un- + talkative.
Senses: glosses: unwilling to talk; taciturn; refusing to speak
Baja
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈbɑ.jɑ/
Senses: glosses: A city in Bács-Kiskun County, Hungary.
Baja
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈbɑ.jɑ/
/ˈbɑː.hɑː/
/ˈbɑ.jɑ/
Etymology: From Spanish baja, from bajo, from Latin bassus.
Senses: hypernyms: Californias
glosses: Ellipsis of Baja California: a peninsula in Mexico, separating the Gulf of California and Sea of Cortez from the Pacific Ocean, on the west coast of North America.
Derived terms: Baja California
Baja California Norte
Baja California Sur
Baja jacket
Baja Norte
Baja Sur
sexiest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈsɛksi.əst/
Senses: glosses: superlative form of sexy: most sexy
red dwarf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: red dwarfs
form: red dwarves
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A small, relatively cool star on the main sequence.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see red, dwarf.
Synonyms: word: RD
Related terms: red supergiant
red giant
yellow dwarf
white dwarf
brown dwarf
black dwarf
blue dwarf
toughness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: toughnesses
Etymology: From Middle English toughnesse, towghnesse, towghenesse, equivalent to tough + -ness.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The state of being tough.
Resistance to fracture when stressed, or the degree of such resistance.
qualifier: materials science
raw_tags: of a metal
glosses: The state of being tough.
Fortitude; hardiness; mettle.
qualifier: psychologically; emotionally; or biologically; psychologically; emotionally; or biologically
glosses: A formidable difficulty.
Derived terms: graph toughness
ferr-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Senses: glosses: Form of ferro- used before a vowel.
Baja California
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɑː.hɑː ˌkælɪˈfɔː(ɹ)n.jə/
Etymology: From Spanish Baja California (“lower California”).
Senses: glosses: A peninsula in Mexico: A mountainous peninsula of western Mexico between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California; administered as the states of Baja California and Baja California Sur.
glosses: A state of Mexico that occupies the northern part of the peninsula.
glosses: A province of Mexico, New Spain, North America, created by splitting the colony of California into Baja California and Alta California.
Derived terms: Baja
Baja California Norte
Baja California Sur
Baja Norte
Baja Sur
Related terms: Alta California
California
Gulf of California
golfo de California
white matter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: anatomy
medicine
neuroanatomy
neurology
neuroscience
sciences
glosses: A region of the central nervous system containing myelinated nerve fibres and no dendrites.
stylebook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stylebooks
Etymology: From style + book.
Senses: examples: text: I have a copy of the UPI stylebook, which I check when I need to know how to write something.
synonyms: style manual
manual of style
MOS
MoS
hypernyms: style guide
coordinate_terms: stylesheet
style sheet
glosses: A manual containing an organization's standardized usage conventions for how to write.
Fimbulwinter
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: One of the signs of the onset of the end of this world, the final, three-year-long winter (with no intervening summers); it marks the coming of the Ragnarok, the battle that will end the world.
ghost image
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ghost images
Etymology: From ghost (noun sense 3, via noun sense 4).
Senses: topics: arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography
glosses: Any undesired image appearing at the image plane of an optical system; either a false image of the desired object, or an out-of-focus image of a bright source of light in the field of the optical system.
ghost image
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ghost images
Etymology: After the Norton Ghost disk-cloning and backup software tool, itself an initialism of general hardware-oriented system transfer.
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A copy of all the contents of a hard drive, used as a backup.
checker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtʃɛkə/
ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛkɚ/
rhymes: -ɛkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: checkers
form: chequer
Etymology: From check + -er.
Senses: examples: text: So, keep in mind that Microsoft Word’s Spelling tool is as much a “typo” tool as a checker of spelling.
ref: 1992, Neil J. Salkind, Applying Macintosh: Solutions, Ideas, and Tools, Macmillan Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 205:
glosses: One who or that which checks or verifies something.
examples: text: "Essentially," said a senior vice president of the FHLBB of Dallas, "we were checkers of boxes."
ref: 1989, M. Manfred Fabritius, William Borges, Saving the Savings and Loan:
glosses: One who makes a check mark.
examples: text: There was a long line at the grocery store because the checker was so slow.
text: Bud Brown said something to the checker he was supervising; she had been craning around to see what was happening. She flushed and began to run her calculator again.
ref: 1980, Stephen King, The Mist, Viking Press:
glosses: The clerk who tallies cost of purchases and accepts payment.
glosses: One who hinders or stops something.
Derived terms: box checker
fact checker
grammar checker
heat checker
pecker checker
spell checker
spell-checker
spelling checker
typechecker
checker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtʃɛkə/
ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛkɚ/
rhymes: -ɛkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: checkers
form: chequer
Etymology: From Middle English cheker, aphetic from Anglo-Norman escheker (“chessboard”), from Latin scaccarium, thus ultimately morpheme-for-morpheme cognate to etymology 1.
Senses: glosses: A playing piece in the game of checkers (British: draughts), or certain other table games such as backgammon.
glosses: A pattern of alternating colours as on a chessboard.
glosses: An individual square appearing in such a pattern.
Derived terms: bechecker
checkerboard
checkerist
checkerspot
checkerwise
checkerwork
green-white-checker
Related terms: exchequer
checker
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtʃɛkə/
ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛkɚ/
rhymes: -ɛkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: checkers
form: checkering
form: checkered
form: checkered
form: chequer
Etymology: From Middle English cheker, aphetic from Anglo-Norman escheker (“chessboard”), from Latin scaccarium, thus ultimately morpheme-for-morpheme cognate to etymology 1.
Senses: glosses: To mark in a pattern of alternating light and dark positions, like a checkerboard.
glosses: To develop markings in a pattern of alternating light and dark positions, like a checkerboard.
checker
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtʃɛkə/
ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɛkɚ/
rhymes: -ɛkə(ɹ)
Forms: form: checkers
form: chequer
Etymology: Alteration of chequer.
Senses: glosses: The fruit of the wild service tree or chequer tree, Photinia villosa, syn. Sorbus terminalis
Derived terms: checkerberry
checkerbloom
checkermallow
glass transition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: glass transitions
Senses: glosses: In amorphous materials, gradual and reversible transition from a hard and relatively brittle "glassy" state into a viscous or rubbery state (or opposite) over a range of temperature range.
Derived terms: glass transition temperature
churchman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɜːt͡ʃmən/
Forms: form: churchmen
Etymology: From church + man. Compare kirkman and German Kirchmann.
Senses: glosses: A churchwarden.
examples: text: The bishop, a highly placed churchman, stated the religion's opinion.
hypernyms: cleric
glosses: A person (originally a man) of authority in a Christian religious organization (a church).
examples: text: I replied, ‘I attended St. James's, St. Martin's, and St. Ann's, Soho;’—‘So,’ said he, ‘you are a churchman.’
ref: 1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 10, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:
text: Thus they say the king of Great Britain, must maintain episcopacy in England, and presbyterianism in Scotland, whether he be a presbyterian as king William, a Lutheran as George I. or a true churchman as his present Majesty.
ref: 1791, Joseph Priestley, Letters to Burke, section V:
text: It was a brave sight on a Sunday morning to see those old Tottenhamites—each with his comfortable lady-wife on his arm—proceeding in their stiff Sunday best to the morning service; pitying the Quaker friends they met on their way for their incomplete and unenlightened faith—the Quakers, of course, pitying the Churchmen for theirs.
ref: 1914, S. G. Tallentyre [Evelyn Beatrice Hall], “VIII. Realisation”, in Matthew Hargraves, London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, page 155:
glosses: A member or adherent of an established church, especially the Church of England.
Derived terms: churchmanly
churchmanship
High Churchman
Low Churchman
head coach
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: head coaches
Senses: examples: text: The other coaches offered their opinions, but in the end the head coach decided.
text: In their semi-final Canada demolished New Zealand in the first half and another impressive start by head coach Kevin Rouet's side was rewarded when Hogan-Rochester went over in the corner after some slick handling.
ref: 2025 September 27, Alastair Telfer, “England overpower Canada to win Women's World Cup”, in BBC Sport:
synonyms: manager
technical director
glosses: The highest ranking coach of a coaching staff.
graben
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grabens
form: graben
Etymology: Borrowed from German Graben (“ditch”), from the verb graben (“to dig”).
Senses: examples: text: 1959, Robert G. Yates, George A. Thompson, Geology and Quicksilver Deposits of the Terlingua District, Texas, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 312, page 49,
The magnitude and shape of the large grabens strongly suggest that, when they formed, material much more mobile than ordinary rocks was present at a depth no greater than a few miles.
text: This system includes the Syrian and Lebanese grabens; the grabens of the Dead Sea, Wadi al Arabah, Gulfs of Aqaba and Suez, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden; and the Ethiopian graben.
ref: 1969, V. V. Beloussov, “Contintal Rifts”, in Pembroke J. Hart, editor, The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle, page 539:
text: 1997, Jean-Marie Rouchy, 2: Paleogene Continental Rift System of Western Europe, Georges Busson, B. Charlotte Schreiber (editors), Sedimentary Deposition in Rift and Foreland Basins in France and Spain (Paleogene and Lower Neogene), page 83,
Migration of the subsidence axis has been revealed by the detailed sedimentological studies in most of these grabens, particularly in the Bresse basin (Curial 1986; Moretto 1986/1987) and in Manosque-Forcalquier.
text: 2015, C. F. Burgess, et al., Chapter 35: The Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of Lake Tanganyika: A Case Study of Continental Rifting, W. Manspeizer (editor), Triassic-Jurassic Rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins, Part A, page 866,
These distinct zones of strike-slip or scissor faulting which separate adjacent half-grabens were termed interbasinal ridges and hinged highs by Rosendahl et al. (1986).
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
antonyms: horst
coordinate_terms: fault
glosses: An elongated block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has dropped relative to the surrounding area.
Derived terms: half-graben
horst and graben
grain boundary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grain boundaries
Senses: glosses: An internal interface that separates neighbouring misoriented single crystals in a polycrystalline solid.
redaction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹəˈdækʃən/
rhymes: -ækʃən
Forms: form: redactions
Etymology: From French rédaction or its etymon New Latin redactiō (“redaction”), from Latin redigō (“to lead back, collect, prepare, reduce to a certain state”), from red- (“back”) + agō (“to put in motion, to drive”). By surface analysis, redact + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: The government supplied only the redaction to the reporters; the original was kept secret.
text: The content of this codex is a redaction of information from various earlier works. [≈ edited selection]
glosses: An edited or censored version of a document; a product resulting from the process of editing or censoring.
glosses: The change or changes made while editing.
examples: text: The Expense Claims made by Members of Parliament must be subject to redaction before publication under the Freedom of Information Act. [≈ censoring]
glosses: The process of editing or censoring.
Related terms: redact
redactor
recension
gravitational collapse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gravitational collapses
Senses: glosses: The stage in the evolution of a star in which the pressure of the star is insufficient to maintain it at a stable size, and its material falls inward under its own gravity, eventually forming a black hole or a neutron star, and sometimes accompanied by a supernova explosion.
isolated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/
Forms: form: more isolated
form: most isolated
Etymology: A rendering into English of French isolé.
Senses: examples: text: an isolated tree in the mountains
glosses: Placed or standing apart or alone; in isolation.
examples: text: isolated case
text: an isolated occurrence
glosses: Happening or occurring only once.
topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: Such that no pawn of the same color is in an adjacent file.
raw_tags: of a pawn
topics: climatology
meteorology
natural-sciences
glosses: Affecting ten to twenty percent of a forecast zone.
raw_tags: of precipitation
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Which has been extracted from the organism.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Of a condition or abnormality: occurring in the absence of associated conditions or abnormalities.
topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
antonyms: embedded
glosses: Minimal with respect to inclusion (among associated primes).
raw_tags: of an associated prime of a module
Derived terms: english: via back-formation
translation: via back-formation
word: isolate
word: isolated horizon
word: isolatedly
word: isolatedness
word: isolated pawn
word: isolated system
word: nonisolated
word: optoisolated
word: socially-isolated
word: unisolated
isolated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/
Etymology: A rendering into English of French isolé.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of isolate
pile driver
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pile drivers
Senses: glosses: A machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground as part of the construction of a foundation; usually by raising a weight and then dropping it on the beam.
examples: She sure is a pile driver
glosses: A person who hits or attacks forcefully or powerfully.
Synonyms: english: the machine
translation: the machine
word: monkey hammer
Derived terms: english: wrestling move
translation: wrestling move
word: piledriver
pile driver
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: The champ ended the boxing match with a pile driver blow to his opponent’s jaw.
glosses: Forceful.
Sonya
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Sonia
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian and Ukrainian Со́ня (Sónja), an informal pet form of Со́фья (Sófʹja), Софі́я (Sofíja) or Софи́я (Sofíja, “Sofia, Sophia”), from the Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). It was introduced into English through 19th century Russian literature and taken into general use in early twentieth century.
Senses: examples: text: It was Valery who had named her firstborn Sonya, after the figure skater Sonja Henie. "She moves through space so smoothly! She has such freedom!" she explained to Ray, the child's father. "Anything you want, honey," he replied, with a half-smile.
ref: 1983, Sheila Ballantyne, Imaginary Crimes, Penguin Group USA, →ISBN:
text: He said nothing, then asked, “Is Sonya your real name?”
“Harinderjeet.”
“A good name. A strong name.”
He could see her face in the bar's surface, frowning as she returned the card to her purse. “Is Sonya not a nice name?”
He felt her leaning in.
“A sexy name?”
ref: 2016, Sunjeev Sahota, The Year of the Runaways: A novel, Vintage, →ISBN:
glosses: A female given name from Russian Соня (Sonja).
Related terms: Sophia
respelling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: respellings
Senses: coordinate_terms: misspelling
glosses: A different spelling of a word, especially to show its pronunciation.
Derived terms: pronunciation respelling
respelling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of respell.
geno-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Etymology: From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”), also Ancient Greek γεννάω (gennáō, “to produce”) and
from Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”).
Senses: glosses: genetics - e.g. genotype
glosses: family, tribe or race - e.g. genocide
Related terms: genome
genomic
genomics
herborize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: herborizes
form: herborizing
form: herborized
form: herborized
form: herbarize
form: herborise
form: herbarise
Etymology: From French herboriser.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: To seek and classify new or previously known plant species.
glosses: To form plant-like figures in (minerals, etc.).
Derived terms: herborizer
Related terms: herborization
babassu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: babassus
Etymology: Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *kˀɨp
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ
Proto-Tupian *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨˀβa
Old Tupi 'ybá
Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu
Old Tupi -gûasu
Old Tupi 'ybagûasu
Nheengatu babasúbor.
Portuguese babaçubor.
English babassu
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese babaçu (formerly spelled babassu).
Senses: synonyms: coco de macao
glosses: A tall Brazilian feather palm, Attalea speciosa, having hard-shelled nuts that yield an edible oil.
gravitational lens
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gravitational lenses
Senses: examples: text: Thus the galactic gravitational lens effect is not important in maintaining the radio reference coordinate system with mas accuracy, if quasars as fiduciary points are pertinently selected.
ref: 1981, Ido Kansokujo, editor, Publications of the International Latitude Observatory of Mizusawa, Volumes 15-20, page 27:
text: The two other examples of gravitational lenses discussed above have not been modeled as elaborately.
ref: 1987, McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, Volume 8, McGraw-Hill, unnumbered page:
text: Subsequent discoveries of several more examples of gravitational lenses eliminated all doubts about gravitational focussing predicted by general relativity.
ref: 1999 August, Guillermo A. Lemarchand, Karen J. Meech, editors, Bioastronomy '99: A New Era in Bioastronomy, Proceedings, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, page 575:
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A distribution of matter whose gravitational field bends the path of light rays sufficiently to distort, magnify or multiply images of more distant objects.
Related terms: gravitational lensing
gravitational microlensing
Einstein ring
gravitational radiation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: a hypothetical wave, produced by an accelerating mass, that would be propagated at the speed of light
Related terms: gravitational wave
gravitational redshift
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gravitational redshifts
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A shift to longer wavelengths of spectral lines emitted by atoms in a strong gravitational field.
gravitational field
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gravitational fields
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: the field produced by the gravitational force of mass
respell
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: respells
form: respelling
form: respelled
form: respelled
form: respelt
form: respelt
Etymology: 1806, re- + spell.
Senses: examples: text: A child is learning to spell, but no special pains are taken to make him respell, and respell, until spelled aright, every misspelled word.
ref: 1864, Henry Barnard, editor, The American Journal of Education, volume 14, Hartford: H. Barnard, page 293:
glosses: To spell again.
examples: text: It may be hardly necessary to respell most of the words of this class in order to give their pronunciation, as, in their common orthography, they are naturally pronounced correctly, with the appropriate sound of the g.
ref: 1860, Joseph Emerson Worcester, A comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language, Boston: Swan, Brewer, and Tileston, page 19:
glosses: To spell again.
To spell differently, especially according to pronunciation, or by a phonetic system.
Derived terms: respelled
respelling
respelt
expungement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: expungements
Etymology: From expunge + -ment.
Senses: glosses: The act of expunging.
examples: text: In a memorandum in support of the expungement motion, Atty. John Ward argues that the retention of his clients' records "is and will be of great harm to them."
ref: 1979 April 7, David Brill, “BPL Arrests: A Year Later”, in Gay Community News, page 1:
glosses: The process by which the record of a criminal conviction is erased, destroyed or sealed.
Related terms: ex-con
pardoning
acquital
commutation
conviction
amnesty
innocence
guilt
no contest
non compos mentis
contango
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /kənˈtæŋɡoʊ/
/kɒn-/
Forms: form: contangos
form: contangoes
Etymology: The term originated in early-19th-century England, and is believed to be a corruption of continuation, continue or contingent. In the past on the London Stock Exchange, contango was a fee paid by a buyer to a seller when the buyer wished to defer settlement of the trade they had agreed. The charge was based on the interest forgone by the seller not being paid.
Senses: examples: text: most of these other commodities are generally in contango
ref: 2005, Futures Industry Magazine:
glosses: The situation in a futures market where prices for future delivery are higher than prices for immediate (or nearer) delivery, indicating the expectation that the price of the underlying asset will go up.
examples: text: Normally new buyers would go after the March silver contract, especially with such a small contango.
ref: 2003, Bill Murphy, “Kitco Bullion Dealers”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), archived from the original on 18 Dec 2005:
glosses: The amount by which prices for future delivery are higher than prices for near delivery.
examples: text: Yesterday was Settling Day in Consols, and Monday next the Settling of Omnium. Owing to the great scarcity of money, the Contango on both is extremely great, nearly equal to 15 per cent. for money, from account to account.
ref: 1803 February 28, “York, &c. news”, in York Herald, page 2:
qualifier: London Stock Exchange
glosses: Fee paid by a buyer to the seller on settlement day when the buyer wishes to defer settlement until the next settlement day.
Synonyms: forwardation
Related terms: contangoed
contangoing
contango day
contango
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /kənˈtæŋɡoʊ/
/kɒn-/
Forms: form: contangos
form: contangoing
form: contangoed
form: contangoed
Etymology: The term originated in early-19th-century England, and is believed to be a corruption of continuation, continue or contingent. In the past on the London Stock Exchange, contango was a fee paid by a buyer to a seller when the buyer wished to defer settlement of the trade they had agreed. The charge was based on the interest forgone by the seller not being paid.
Senses: qualifier: London Stock Exchange
glosses: To charge (a buyer) a fee to defer settlement until the next settlement day.
backwardation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bækwəˈdeɪʃn̩/
ipa: /bækwəˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: backwardations
Etymology: From backward + -ation (suffix denoting an action or process).
Senses: topics: business
finance
stock-market
antonyms: contango
forwardation
glosses: In full normal backwardation: the situation in a futures market where the price for future delivery of a commodity (the forward price) is lower than the price for immediate delivery (the spot price) or nearer delivery, generally arising from a near-term shortage of the commodity.
topics: business
finance
stock-market
glosses: A situation in which short-term interest rates are higher than long-term interest rates.
topics: business
finance
stock-market
glosses: The situation in a stock market where the offer price for stock is lower than the bid price.
topics: business
finance
stock-market
antonyms: contango
glosses: In the London Stock Exchange: a fee paid by a seller on settlement day either to the buyer or to a third party who lends stock, when the seller wishes to defer settlement until the next settlement day.
take a shit
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: takes a shit
form: taking a shit
form: took a shit
form: taken a shit
Senses: examples: text: Is Rachel still taking a shit? We gotta go now.
synonyms: word: boo-boo
word: cack
word: choke a darkie
word: crap
word: defecate
word: do one's ease
word: ease oneself
word: do a number two
word: do one's easement
word: drite
word: drop a bomb
word: drop a chalupa
word: drop a deuce
word: drop anchor
word: drop the kids off at the pool
word: dung
raw_tags: of animals
word: exrementize
word: feceate
word: have a shit
word: move one's bowels
word: pinch a loaf
word: pinch one off
word: poo
word: pooh
word: poop
word: sharn
word: shart
word: shiss
word: shit
word: shite
word: stool
word: take a dump
word: take a shit
word: take a crap
word: take the Browns to the Super Bowl
word: uncoil
word: void one's bowels
glosses: To defecate.
examples: text: I had to use the stairs because the lift took a shit this morning.
synonyms: crap out
glosses: To fail or malfunction.
examples: text: Take a shit and a pair of tweezers from the front desk and sit back down at your dissection microscopes.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see take, a, shit.
flibbertigibbet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌflɪbətiˈdʒɪbɪt/
ipa: /ˈflɪbɚtiˌd͡ʒɪbɪt/
Forms: form: flibbertigibbets
Etymology: From late Middle English [Term?] first attested 1549 probably imitative of nonsense uttered by gossips. Usage as an imp or fiend and name of the Devil from around 1603.
Alternatively (but far less likely), an alteration of flibbergib (“toady, sycophant”), derived potentially from an Old Norse *fleipra-geipa(re) (“babbler of nonsense”). The hypothetical Old Norse term would have been a compound of fleipra (a variant of fleipa (“to babble, tattle”)), and geipa (“to talk nonsense, to boast”) or geipare (“one who speaks nonsense, braggart”). fleipa is notably the ancestor to the flip- part of the English word flippant. It is of note that the original meaning of flibbergib was “chatterer”.
Senses: examples: text: All this responsibility at such an early age made her a bitchy flibbertigibbet.
ref: 1969, Kurt Vonnegut Jr., chapter 2 (pages 19–42), in Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children’s Crusade: A Duty-dance with Death, Vintage edition (1991 paperback), London: Vintage Books, published 2000, →ISBN, page 23:
glosses: An offbeat, skittish person; especially said of a young woman.
examples: text: ‘Ignorant girls. Dizzy young things. It seems to be my fate always to be landed with these flibbertigibbets.’
ref: 2009, Jennifer Worth, Farewell to the East End, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, page 171:
glosses: A flighty person; someone regarded as silly, irresponsible, or scatterbrained, especially someone who chatters or gossips.
glosses: An imp, a fiend.
Derived terms: flibbertigibbety
drop in
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: drops in
form: dropping in
form: dropped in
form: dropped in
Senses: examples: text: The keys were dropped in the fishbowl.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see drop, in.
examples: text: I was in the garden covered with mud when my grandmother dropped in for a visit.
text: We made an odd party before the arrival of the Ten, particularly when the Celebrity dropped in for lunch or dinner.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
text: And so you felt like droppin’ in and just expect me to be free / Well, now I'm saving all my lovin’ for someone who's lovin’ me
ref: 1978, Dino Fekaris, Freddie Perren, “I Will Survive”, in Love Tracks, performed by Gloria Gaynor:
synonyms: drop by
pop in
stop by
stop in
coordinate_terms: stop off
glosses: To arrive casually and unannounced, with little or no warning; also, to visit without an appointment.
examples: text: Most beginners are blissfully unaware that dropping in on someone is a cardinal sin.
ref: 2003, Neal Miyake, “The Unwritten Rules of Surfing”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), archived from the original on 14 Oct 2005:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
surfing
glosses: To paddle into and take off on a wave another surfer is already riding.
examples: text: ⁠The cheeks drop in; the body bows;
Man dies: nor is there hope in dust: […]
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXXV”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 54:
glosses: To fall in; to cave in.
examples: text: We dropped in all-new parts in the sports car.
glosses: To install components, particularly car engines.
Derived terms: drop-in/drop-out
intervise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: intervises
form: intervising
form: intervised
form: intervised
Etymology: Blend of Internet + televise
Senses: glosses: To televise over the Internet.
duck dive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: duck dives
form: duck diving
form: duck dived
form: duck dove
form: duck dived
Etymology: From the way a duck puts its head down and bottom up in the air when diving underwater.
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
surfing
glosses: To push one's surfboard (usually a shortboard) underwater nose-first, to get the surfer and board under a wave that has broken or is just about to break.
duck dive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: duck dives
Etymology: From the way a duck puts its head down and bottom up in the air when diving underwater.
Senses: topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
surfing
glosses: The action of duck diving (see verb).
Related terms: turn turtle
wind swell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wind swells
Senses: examples: text: Ground swell is sometimes defined as having a period (the average time between the crests of two consecutive waves) of more than 15 seconds, while a locally generated wind swell can be defined as having a period of 11 seconds or less.
ref: 2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, page 239:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
surfing
glosses: Waves generated by local winds.
Related terms: ground swell
ground swell
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ground swells
Senses: examples: text: This is reflected in the ground swell of unease and criticism reported by our opinion poll evidence this morning, and in recent election results, such as those last week in Hamilton and Wigan.
ref: 1999 September 26, “Blair: doing well, could do better”, in The Guardian:
text: Beachbreaks excepted, ground swells generally produce high-quality surf.
ref: 2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, page 239:
glosses: Alternative form of groundswell.
Related terms: wind swell
genteel
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /d͡ʒɛnˈtiːl/
Forms: form: more genteel
form: most genteel
Etymology: Borrowed from French gentil (“gentile”), from Latin gentīlis (“of or belonging to the same people or nation”), from gēns (“clan; tribe; people, family”) + adjective suffix -īlis (“-ile”). Doublet of gentle, gentile, and jaunty. See also gens, gender, genus, and generation.
Senses: examples: text: Genteel America was handicapped by meagerness of soul, thinness of temper, paucity of talent.
ref: 1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 407:
glosses: Affectedly proper or refined; somewhat prudish refinement; excessively polite.
examples: text: Indeed I would advise every ſingle lady, if poſſible, to attend her inamorato, pretty frequently at the card table; and however genteel and agreeable his behaviour should be to herſelf, if he is haſty or pettiſh with any one else in company, she may depend on the ſame fate when once the knot is tied.
ref: 1795, Joseph Addison, “An Essay on Card-playing”, in Interesting Anecdotes, Memoirs, Allegories, Essays, and Poetical Fragments; Tending to Amuse the Fancy, and Inculcate Morality, page 67:
glosses: Polite and well-mannered.
glosses: Stylish or elegant.
glosses: Aristocratic.
Derived terms: genteel business
genteelish
genteelism
genteelize
genteel lady
genteelly
genteelness
pseudogenteel
shabby-genteel
ultragenteel
ungenteel
Related terms: gentleman
lata
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of latah.
Related terms: culpa lata
fascia lata
lex lata
non-commissioned officer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: non-commissioned officers
form: noncommissioned officer
Senses: examples: text: A platoon sergeant may only be a non-commissioned officer but he's the one his men look to when the bullets start flying.
glosses: A person of authority in the military who has not received a commission (a direct conveyance of authority from the sovereign government); as such they can have charge or control but not command in the most technical use of the word.
Related terms: non-commissioned member
noncom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: noncoms
Etymology: Shortening of non-commissioned.
Senses: examples: text: Noncoms in uniform photograph you, full-face and profile; they take your fingerprints.
ref: 1981, Italo Calvino, If on a Winter's Night a Traveler:
glosses: A non-commissioned officer, such as a sergeant (army) or petty officer (navy).
flyleaf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈflaɪˌlif/
Forms: form: flyleafs
form: flyleaves
Etymology: From fly + leaf.
Senses: examples: text: The flyleaf of Alice Walker's The Color Purple calls the book "honest, poignant, laughing, defiant...a story about heroic lives, love, and the nature of god.... It breaks new ground in fiction with its portrayal of women."
ref: 1985 December 28, Angela Bowen, “Spielberg's Color Purple, Not Walker's”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 24, page 6:
text: The scribbles on the margins, the occasional date on the flyleaf, the faded bus ticket marking a page for a reason today mysterious, all try to remind me of who I was then.
ref: 2008 May 15, Alberto Manguel, “A 30,000-Volume Window on the World”, in New York Times:
glosses: A blank leaf at the front or back of a book.
examples: Holonym: endpaper
glosses: A blank leaf at the front or back of a book.
Especially, the free portion of an endpaper.
related: word: pastedown
shitless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From shit + -less. Compare scare the shit out of.
Senses: examples: text: The movie The Ring scared me shitless as a child.
glosses: Having an empty bowel; greatly frightened; see usage notes below.
Derived terms: bored shitless
scared shitless
shitlessly
Related terms: word: pissless
word: spitless
word: witless
give a shit
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɪv ə ˌʃɪt/
Forms: form: gives a shit
form: giving a shit
form: gave a shit
form: given a shit
Etymology: From give + a + shit.
Senses: examples: text: You're going to get me fired? I don't give a shit!
text: "Do it badly," said the man, "who cares? Who gives a shit?"
ref: 1982, Douglas Adams, Life, the Universe and Everything, page 114:
text: There are some people who still hitchhike, although not as many as before. A lot of folks gave the practice up after being buried in shallow graves near the side of the road. But here's some fun you can have in case you still like to get out and hoist a thumb.[...]Or, when the guy stops, don't say anything; just jump in and sit down. When he says, "Where you going?" say, "I don't give a shit. Let's just ride around. I'm off till Thursday." Then make a lot of motor noises with your mouth.
ref: 1997, George Carlin, “Hitchhiking Fun”, in Brain Droppings, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 222:
synonyms: word: becare
word: bother
word: care
word: concern oneself
word: mind
word: reck
word: trouble oneself
word: worry
glosses: To care (about something or anything); especially, to care what someone else thinks or does, particularly in relation to what they think or say about the speaker.
raw_tags: in the negative
intimidating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of intimidate
intimidating
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more intimidating
form: most intimidating
Senses: glosses: Threatening, producing feelings of fear or timidity.
Derived terms: intimidatingly
nonintimidating
unintimidating
all-in
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: all-ins
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of all in.
all-in
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: "Condor" adds to the attractions of its speed an extremely competitive all-in price, irrespective both of the type of goods loaded and of the distance from Hendon or Gushetfaulds of the consignor or consignee [...].
ref: 1960 January, G. Freeman Allen, “"Condor"—British Railways' fastest freight train”, in Trains Illustrated, page 45:
glosses: Alternative form of all in.
all-in
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of all in.
backroom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækˌɹuːm/
ipa: /ˈbækˌɹʊm/
ipa: /ˈbækˌɹum/
rhymes: -uːm
Forms: form: backrooms
form: back room
Etymology: Compound of back + room
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonym: smoke-filled room (meeting place of crooked insiders)
text: backroom deals
text: backroom bargaining
text: It is known that means of using this end of the former NLR and Broad Street station to take an overspill of traffic from Liverpool Street have been under backroom study for some time.
ref: 1964 July, “News and Comment: The Broad Street-Richmond line”, in Modern Railways, page 17:
text: The vote for a new prime minister will involve plenty of backroom bargaining, while Thailand struggles to revive its faltering economy.
ref: 2024 August 14, “Thai court dismisses PM for violating constitution”, in bbc.com:
glosses: A room near the rear of a premises.
Especially, one that is only accessible to a privileged few and can be used as an inconspicuous meeting place, where secrecy, anonymity, and even crooked dealings may occur.
antonyms: front room
;
foreroom
anteroom
antechamber
hypernyms: room#Noun
<
place#Noun
examples: text: We had thought that they were out of the old model, but somebody checked in the backroom and found a case of them.
glosses: A room near the rear of a premises.
A storeroom in the rear of the premises.
hypernyms: storeroom#Noun
<
room#Noun
<
place#Noun
Derived terms: backroom boy
backroom staff
Backrooms
Related terms: back office
back of house