cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
wogonin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Heat-processed Scutellariae Radix leads to an increase in the contents of major flavonoids such as baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin.
ref: 2015 June 18, Yu Ock Shin et al., “Heat-Processed Scutellariae Radix Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Effect against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via NF-κB Signaling”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: biology
botany
chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: An O-methylated flavone found in Scutellaria baicalensis, and used in treating certain medical conditions.
Related terms: wogonoside
zeocin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The enzymatic activities can be evaluated either in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells as zeocin is able to kill both types of cells.
ref: 2015 June 18, Huifen Xu et al., “A Mutagenesis Assay for Reporter Gene Screening Using Partially Degenerate Oligonucleotides of the Tandems NNT and NNC”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: A particular broad-spectrum antibiotic.
firoin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: As a proof of the biophysical principle of preferential exclusion, we observed that besides ectoine which is isolated from halophilic bacteria, firoin a substance produced by thermophilic bacteria, is also able to prevent the adverse cell stress reactions in lung epithelium and in neutrophils [ 23 ].
ref: 2015 July 4, Matthias Kroker et al., “Preventing carbon nanoparticle-induced lung inflammation reduces antigen-specific sensitization and subsequent allergic reactions in a mouse model”, in Particle and Fibre Toxicology, volume 12, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A mannopyranosyl derivative of glyceric acid, an extremolyte found in Rhodothermus marinus
fibrosclerotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From fibro- + sclerotic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to fibrosclerosis.
extremolyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: extremolytes
Senses: examples: text: The applications of extremophiles and their products, extremolytes, with their possible implications for human use are also discussed broadly.
ref: 2009, Om V. Singh, Sustainable Biotechnology: Sources of Renewable Energy, page 289:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of diverse classes of organic compound found in extremophiles
academisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The secretary of state has appointed herself national school improvement tsar with powers to appoint emergency governing bodies, oversee individual improvement plans and force academisation on thousands of communities, even though there is virtually no evidence that this ideological experiment works.
ref: 2015 July 13, Fiona Millar, “An opposition must oppose – Labour should be less timid on education”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Alternative form of academization.
hyperaltruistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more hyperaltruistic
form: most hyperaltruistic
Etymology: From hyper- + altruistic.
Senses: examples: text: However, this hyperaltruistic behavior was not seen in the volunteers who received levodopa.
ref: 2015 July 13, Molly Crockett, “How do common medications influence moral decisions?”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Extremely altruistic.
Related terms: hyperaltruism
globomycin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: It has been shown that the two main strategies commonly used to confirm lipid modification of a protein (radiolabeling with palmitic acid and inhibition of the signal peptidase II activity by globomycin) have not worked in H. pylori [ 49, 50 ].
ref: 2015 July 4, Paula Roszczenko et al., “Helicobacter pylori HP0377, a member of the Dsb family, is an untypical multifunctional CcmG that cooperates with dimeric thioldisulfide oxidase HP0231”, in BMC Microbiology, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: A cyclic peptide antibiotic which inhibits the growth of enteric Gram-negative bacteria through cell wall synthesis inhibition
dershane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dershanes
Senses: examples: text: The dershanes are very popular in Turkey, with 3,800 of the centres catering for 1.2 million students hoping to win a place in top schools and universities.
ref: 2015 July 14, “Turkish court rejects Erdoğan's ban on his enemy's schools”, in The Guardian:
glosses: A cram school in Turkey.
dershanes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dershane
killbit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: killbits
form: kill bit
Etymology: From kill + bit; see bit (“binary digit”), i.e. an on/off setting.
Senses: examples: text: It is time for Adobe to announce the end-of-life date for Flash and to ask the browsers to set killbits on the same day.
ref: 2015 July 14, Samuel Gibbs, “Facebook calls for end to Flash as Firefox blocks it over hacking holes”, in The Guardian:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A setting that disables a specific web browser plug-in, typically to prevent a security vulnerability from being exploited.
gluteals
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: [ 4 ] also point out that, to achieve maximal functional performance, rehabilitation should focus on reducing pain, increasing range of motion, and strengthening the hip muscles, for example, the gluteals and quadriceps and the hamstring muscles.
ref: 2015 June 4, Daniel Chiung-Jui Su et al., “Can Early Rehabilitation after Total Hip Arthroplasty Reduce Its Major Complications and Medical Expenses? Report from a Nationally Representative Cohort”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: plural of gluteal
killbits
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of killbit
graecolatin
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: To counterbalance the order of the tasks as well as possible within this scheme, a set of 10th order digram-balanced graecolatin squares were used [13], resulting in a design where (a) all stressful tasks appear in every position equally often, (b) all relaxing tasks appear in every position equally often, (c) every possible order of two consecutive stressful tasks occurs equally often, (d) every possible order of two relaxing tasks occurs equally often, and (e) every combination of stressful and relaxing tasks occurs equally often.
ref: 2015 June 4, Elisabeth T. van Dijk et al., “In Sync: The Effect of Physiology Feedback on the Match between Heart Rate and Self-Reported Stress”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of Graeco-Latin.
conjevoi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of cunjevoi.
Bitter plate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Bitter plates
Senses: glosses: Any of the circular conducting metal plates in a Bitter electromagnet.
Bitter plates
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Bitter plate
Bitter electromagnet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Bitter electromagnets
Etymology: Invented in 1933 by American physicist Francis Bitter.
Senses: glosses: A strong electromagnet constructed from circular conducting metal plates (Bitter plates) and insulating spacers stacked in a helical configuration, rather than coils of wire.
Synonyms: Bitter solenoid
Related terms: Bitter plate
Bitter electromagnets
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Bitter electromagnet
hypertextbook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hypertextbooks
Etymology: From hyper- + textbook.
Senses: glosses: A textbook in hypertext format.
hypertextbooks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hypertextbook
binns
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of binn
Lavrov
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Transliteration of Russian Лавро́в (Lavróv).
Senses: glosses: A transliteration of the Russian surname Лавро́в (Lavróv).
everygirl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: everygirls
Etymology: From every + girl, modelled on earlier everyman.
Senses: examples: text: No Manhattan singleton, desperate housewife, or hyperfeminized action heroine, Bella is an everygirl with no real distinguishing traits, apart, perhaps, from her crippling clumsiness.
ref: 2011, Giselle Liza Anatol, Margaret Kramar, Bringing Light to Twilight, page 47:
glosses: An archetypical ordinary girl.
Related terms: everyman
everyboy
everywoman
everygirls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of everygirl
hemicorpectomy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Four patients had 1-level hemicorpectomy using a minimally invasive expandable tubular retractor system (X-TUBE, METRX, Medtronic, USA) with a short construct instrumentation using Longitude FNS system (Medtronic, USA) augmented with a screw on the index level contralateral to the corpectomy approach and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was injected to through all screws (Figures 1(e) and 1(f) ).
ref: 2015 June 3, Ran Harel, Omer Doron, Nachshon Knoller, “Minimally Invasive Spine Metastatic Tumor Resection and Stabilization: New Technology Yield Improved Outcome”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of hemicorporectomy.
hemithorax
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hemithoraxes
form: hemithoraces
Etymology: From hemi- + thorax.
Senses: examples: text: His medical history included a controllable arterial hypertension and a localized pleural thickening at the right hemithorax as an inactive residuum resulting from a lower respiratory tract infection that occurred 7 years ago.
ref: 2015 June 4, Stamatis Katsenos et al., “Primary Bronchopulmonary Actinomycosis Masquerading as Lung Cancer: Apropos of Two Cases and Literature Review”, in Case Reports in Infectious Diseases, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: One half of the thorax or chest
Related terms: hemithoracic
hepatititis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Table 4 ART related adverse events experienced by patients and proportions that had adverse events in patients that were LTFU versus those still in care, Tshepang Pharmacovigilance cohort, 2004-2012 *Others include anaemia, various dermatological adverse events, Central nervous system adverse events, diarrhoea and vomiting, lipid abnormalities and hepatititis In the multivariable Cox regression model, the risk factors that were independently associated ( p 200 cells/ml (aHR = 3.81, 95 % CI: 1.85-7.85), having a history of an ART related adverse event prior to outcome (aHR = 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.38-0.99), having a last known viral load that was detectable (aHR = 3.60, 95 % CI: 1.98-6.52), and having a last known WHO clinical stage three or four (aHR = 2.00, 95 % CI: 1.22-3.27), (Table 5 ).
ref: 2015 July 4, Mazvita Naome Mberi et al., “Determinants of loss to follow-up in patients on antiretroviral treatment, South Africa, 2004–2012: a cohort study”, in BMC Health Services Research, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of hepatitis.
homozigosity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Such mutational load can act in two not mutually exclusive ways: 1) through homozigosity of recessive deleterious alleles at particular loci or 2) by the cumulative load, and hence general deterioration, of the clonal genomes, independent of homozigosity [ 26, 36 ].
ref: 2015 July 4, Heinz-Ulrich Reyer, Christian Arioli-Jakob, Martina Arioli, “Post-zygotic selection against parental genotypes during larval development maintains all-hybrid populations of the frog Pelophylax esculentus”, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of homozygosity.
electromyographical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From electromyography + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: The coexistence of polyneuropathy which has the definite clinical and electromyographical findings consistent with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has infrequently been reported.
ref: 2013 July 13, David O Onu, Andrew W Hunn, Jens Peters-Willke, “Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1 with multiple neurofibromas of the entire spinal nerve roots”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:
glosses: Of or pertaining to electromyography.
Derived terms: electromyographically
glomuvenous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Multiple glomuvenous malformations (GVMs) are a rare condition which usually present in children with only a handful of cases reported in the literature.
ref: 2013 July 13, Shehab Jabir et al., “Multiple glomuvenous malformations presenting in a child: follow-up over a period of 8 years”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:
glosses: Of or pertaining to the veins of the glomus cells.
hydroureteronephrosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hydroureteronephroses
Etymology: From hydro- + uretero- + nephrosis.
Senses: examples: text: Ultrasonography showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with distended, thick walled bladder.
ref: 2015 June 3, Shashi Verma et al., “Megalourethra with Y-Type Duplication of Urethra Presented as Perianal Fistula: A Rare Case Report”, in Case Reports in Urology, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: distension of the kidneys and ureter
Related terms: hydronephrosis
hyperlactataemia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Table 4 ART related adverse events experienced by patients and proportions that had adverse events in patients that were LTFU versus those still in care, Tshepang Pharmacovigilance cohort, 2004-2012 *Others include anaemia, various dermatological adverse events, Central nervous system adverse events, diarrhoea and vomiting, lipid abnormalities and hepatititis In the multivariable Cox regression model, the risk factors that were independently associated ( p 200 cells/ml (aHR = 3.81, 95 % CI: 1.85-7.85), having a history of an ART related adverse event prior to outcome (aHR = 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.38-0.99), having a last known viral load that was detectable (aHR = 3.60, 95 % CI: 1.98-6.52), and having a last known WHO clinical stage three or four (aHR = 2.00, 95 % CI: 1.22-3.27), (Table 5 ).
ref: 2015 July 4, Mazvita Naome Mberi et al., “Determinants of loss to follow-up in patients on antiretroviral treatment, South Africa, 2004–2012: a cohort study”, in BMC Health Services Research, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of hyperlactatemia.
macroprolactinoma
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: macroprolactinomas
Etymology: From macro- + prolactinoma.
Senses: examples: text: We report a case of a 60-year-old man who was a follow-up case of macroprolactinoma with hypopituitarism for the last 9 years.
ref: 2013 July 13, Shruti Kate et al., “Acute psychosis as a presentation of hypopituitarism”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A prolactinoma with size greater than one centimeter.
macroprolactinomas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of macroprolactinoma
hyperlymphocytosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From hyper- + lymphocytosis.
Senses: examples: text: Peripheral blood monuclear cells (PBMC) PH961 were from a patient under the epidemiological control of the Pasteur Institute, Paris, France, with a typical acute ATL form characterized by a high level of circulating leukemic cells, very high hyperlymphocytosis with lymphocyte count of 400 000 lymphocytes/mm 3 .
ref: 2015 July 4, Goutham U Raval et al., “Localization, quantification and interaction with host factors of endogenous HTLV-1 HBZ protein in infected cells and ATL”, in Retrovirology, volume 12, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: An excessive quantity of lymphocytes in the blood.
hyposecretory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From hypo- + secretory.
Senses: examples: text: Based on these findings, Jester et al. proposed that age-related MGD involves altered regulation of PPAR γ gene that may lead to decreased meibocyte differentiation, acinar atrophy, decreased lipid synthesis, and the development of hyposecretory MGD.
ref: 2015 June 4, Su Zhang, Hongwei Gu, Nan Hu, “Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Ocular Diseases”, in Journal of Ophthalmology, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to, or causing hyposecretion
immunoturbidimetry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From immuno- + turbidimetry.
Senses: examples: text: The hsCRP concentration was determined using highly sensitive immunoturbidimetry (Orion Diagnostica).
ref: 2015 June 4, Lidia Gackowska et al., “Expression of Adiponectin Receptors on Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Hypertensive Children Is Associated with the Severity of Hypertension”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: The application of turbidimetry to the interaction of antigens and antibodies
intradural
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ʊəɹəl
Etymology: From intra- + dural.
Senses: examples: text: 1 Preoperative gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) of the thoracic spine. a MRI in the coronal orientation, b MRI in the sagittal orientation, and c MRI in the axial orientation showing an intradural extramedullary tumor with dural tail sign located on the left and dorsal sides at the T10-T11 level, compressing the spinal cord severely. d Sagittal reconstruction CT shows extensive peripheral calcification of the tumor Surgery was performed under transcranial electrical stimulation of motor evoked potentials for spinal cord monitoring.
ref: 2015 July 4, Naohisa Miyakoshi et al., “En-bloc resection of thoracic calcified meningioma with inner dural layer in recapping T-saw laminoplasty: a case report”, in BMC Surgery, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Within the dura mater
intravasate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: intravasates
form: intravasating
form: intravasated
form: intravasated
Etymology: From intra- + vas + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: For blood vessel-borne metastasis, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) intravasate into blood vessels and survive in the circulation.
ref: 2015 June 20, Lei Zhou et al., “The roles of microRNAs in the regulation of tumor metastasis”, in Cell & Bioscience, volume 5, →DOI:
glosses: To invade a blood vessel or lymphatic vessel.
raw_tags: of cancer cells
Related terms: intravasation
extravasate
kcals
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Animals were acclimated for 7 days and then randomly assigned to a control AIN-93M (10% kcals from fat) or a HF (45% kcals from fat; Harlan Teklad, TD.06415) diet for 24 wk.
ref: 2015 June 3, Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy et al., “A Comparative Study of the Metabolic and Skeletal Response of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N Mice in a Diet-Induced Model of Type 2 Diabetes”, in Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: plural of kcal
airport books
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of airport book
denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of denial is not a river in Egypt.
Allen charge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Allen charges
Etymology: After the legal case Allen v. United States (1896).
Senses: examples: text: Judge Shira A. Scheindlin read the panel the Allen charge, an instruction meant to encourage juries to continue working until they reach a verdict, and sent them back to continue deliberating.
ref: 2006 September 26, Timothy Williams, “Gotti Jurors Say They’re Deadlocked”, in New York Times, retrieved 14 Jul 2015:
topics: law
glosses: An instruction intended to prevent a hung jury by encouraging jurors in the minority to reconsider.
wikipedia: Allen v. United States (1896)
Allen charges
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Allen charge
planetary bodies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of planetary body
planetary objects
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of planetary object
nuoc-mam
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of nuoc mam.
Japanese tissue
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A thin, strong paper made from vegetable fibers.
Synonyms: kozogami
kozogami
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 楮紙 (kozogami).
Senses: glosses: Japanese tissue.
psychophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From psycho- + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: Because psychophobia is so endemic to human nature, the process of psychoanalysis involves a continual exploration of the patient’s resistance to knowing what is dreaded in the unconscious mind.
ref: 2000 May 28, Peter Wolson, “A World of Psychophobia”, in Los Angeles Times, archived from the original on 10 May 2025:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A fear of the mind, particularly mental illness, such as dementia.
Derived terms: psychophobic
Satanophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Satan + -o- + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: Impregnated as he was with Satanophobia, he might perhaps have doubted still whether this distressed creature, all woman and nature, […]
ref: 1893, Charles Reade, The Cloister & the Hearth: Or, Maid, Wife, and Widow:
text: And Theotropism is saner than Satanophobia or Gehennaphobia as a rule of life and conduct.
ref: 1912, Journal of Religious Psychology, volume 5, page 239:
glosses: A fear of Satan.
symbolophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From symbol + -o- + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: It was a complete confessional somersault. In 1890 Dr. Parson seemed to have an attack of symbolophobia. Fortunately for him and the Church, it did not last long.
ref: 1901, The Lutheran Quarterly, volume 31, page 231:
text: I guess we need to adapt to even more overloadings, since symbolophobia is part of Ada culture.
ref: 2013 July 9, G.B., “Re: The future of Spark . Spark 2014 : a wreckage”, in comp.lang.ada (Usenet):
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: A fear of particular icons or symbols; systems that use symbolism, such as artificial intelligence; or that one's own speech or actions may be interpreted as having symbolic meanings.
kathisophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek καθίζω (kathízō, “sit down”) + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: While sitting, which had become for him a symbol of his profession as a goldworker, the patient was overcome by a tormented feeling of fear which eventually forced him to jump up. Beduschi (Rivista di Patol nerv e ment, 1904; cited in Bing, 1923) referred to an intense fear of sitting (kathisophobia).
ref: 1995, P Sachdev, Akathisia and restless legs, →ISBN, page 5:
text: Although my second case is more susceptible to the interpretation suggested by Raymond and Janet, it is not identical to theirs. Their case is one of akathisia secondary to a phobia resulting from a specific occupational aboulia (kathisophobia), mine did not show any phobia...
ref: 1995, Lad Haskovec, “New observations on akathisia”, in History of Psychiatry:
text: What if I suffer from kathisophobia?
ref: 2004 March 16, Dat, “UKSF Stats [Feb]”, in uk.sport.football (Usenet):
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The irrational fear of sitting down.
misophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: […] that from her eleventh to her thirteenth year she was troubled with misophobia.
ref: 1904, Hermann Oppenheim, Diseases of the nervous system, page 775:
glosses: Alternative form of mysophobia.
phthisiophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From phthisis + -o- + -phobia.
Senses: glosses: A morbid fear of tuberculosis.
traumatophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: An abnormal fear of battle or war, or being physically injured during activities like sports.
teratophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From terato- (“pertaining to birth defects”) + -phobia (“fear”), from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras, “monster”).
Senses: examples: For quotations using this term, see Citations:teratophobia.
glosses: An irrational fear of monsters (terrifying creatures, or deformed children: see usage notes).
equinophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From equine + -o- + -phobia.
Senses: examples: text: Then there was her equinophobia. Did I mention her reaction to horses? Millie would become completely unstrung at the sight of a horse, of which there are a surprising number on the streets of Manhattan, […]
ref: 2017, Edward Grinnan, Always By My Side, page 139:
text: What is equinophobia? Many people have a love of horses, but some people are frightened of them.
ref: 2023, Bernadette Johnson, The Big Book of Horse Trivia for Kids:
glosses: Synonym of hippophobia.
synonyms: word: hippophobia
Zabad
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A region, near Aleppo in Syria, where the first recorded text in the Arabic alphabet (written in 512) was found.
hedonophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”) + -phobia.
Senses: glosses: An irrational fear of pleasure or joy, especially engaging in pleasurable or joyful activities while others are experiencing depression, illness, pain, economic hardship, or other grief.
motor units
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of motor unit
empress dowager
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: empress dowagers
form: empresses dowager
form: empresses dowagers
Senses: glosses: The mother or widow of an emperor, especially in a Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese empire.
wikipedia: Empress Dowager Cixi
empress dowagers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of empress dowager
queen mothers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of queen mother
ligamentotaxis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From ligament + -o- + taxis.
Senses: examples: text: The fracture was reduced by ligamentotaxis (downward traction of the arm) and/or direct manipulation with pushers or rasps through the deltoid split to manipulate important fragments that were not attached to tendons or ligaments.
ref: 2015 July 4, Benjamin Bockmann et al., “Mid-term results of a less-invasive locking plate fixation method for proximal humeral fractures: a prospective observational study”, in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, volume 16, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: The application of continuous force in order to bring parts of a fracture together and thus promote healing
lipobox
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lipoboxes
Etymology: From lipo- + box.
Senses: examples: text: Understanding the role of the HP0377 lipobox requires more investigation, as has been done for some Legionella lipoproteins [ 61 ].
ref: 2015 July 4, Paula Roszczenko et al., “Helicobacter pylori HP0377, a member of the Dsb family, is an untypical multifunctional CcmG that cooperates with dimeric thioldisulfide oxidase HP0231”, in BMC Microbiology, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: A peptide motif that is important to the modification of bacterial lipoproteins
lipoboxes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lipobox
ligamentotactic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to ligamentotaxis.
lymphohistocytic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: A borderline decrease in the lymphohistocytic infiltrate in the subcutis was associated with higher vaccine dose at C1, along with a trend for an increasing CD4:CD8 ratio.
ref: 2015 July 5, Evan J Lipson et al., “Safety and immunologic correlates of Melanoma GVAX, a GM-CSF secreting allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine administered in the adjuvant setting”, in Journal of Translational Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of lymphohistiocytic.
macrofungi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: macro- + fungi
Senses: examples: text: Higher values were found to be 8700–16000 mg/kg dw in caps and 4100–7500 mg/kg dw in stalks of Macrolepiota procera, and lower values of 640–4490 mg/kg dw were for the fruiting body of thirty macrofungi species from Turkey [ 27, 28 ].
ref: 2015 June 4, Xue-Mei Wang et al., “Content and Bioaccumulation of Nine Mineral Elements in Ten Mushroom Species of the Genus Boletus”, in Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: plural of macrofungus
megalourethra
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: megalourethras
Etymology: From megalo- + urethra.
Senses: examples: text: To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first case report of megalourethra with IIA2 “Y-type” urethral duplication in which laser OIU, reduction urethroplasty, and excision of accessory urethra were done in a single stage.
ref: 2015 June 3, Shashi Verma et al., “Megalourethra with Y-Type Duplication of Urethra Presented as Perianal Fistula: A Rare Case Report”, in Case Reports in Urology, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: A form of uropathy characterized by severe dilatation of the penile urethra
meibocyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: meibocytes
Etymology: From meibum + -o- + -cyte.
Senses: examples: text: Based on these findings, Jester et al. proposed that age-related MGD involves altered regulation of PPAR γ gene that may lead to decreased meibocyte differentiation, acinar atrophy, decreased lipid synthesis, and the development of hyposecretory MGD.
ref: 2015 June 4, Su Zhang, Hongwei Gu, Nan Hu, “Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Ocular Diseases”, in Journal of Ophthalmology, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: A type of cell found in the meibum produced by the meibomian gland
meibum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The secretion, rich in lipids, of the meibomian gland
Derived terms: meibocyte
meningiomatosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: meningiomatoses
Etymology: From meningioma + -osis.
Senses: examples: text: A possible application may be found in diffuse meningiomatosis but further confirmations are needed.
ref: 2015 June 3, Giulia Cossu et al., “The Role of Mifepristone in Meningiomas Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: A condition characterized by the presence of multiple meningiomas
metamorphs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Differences in developmental rates of tadpoles (expressed by Gosner stage, [ 97 ]) and in snout-vent length and body mass of metamorphs and juveniles were also analyzed with general linear models.
ref: 2015 July 4, Heinz-Ulrich Reyer, Christian Arioli-Jakob, Martina Arioli, “Post-zygotic selection against parental genotypes during larval development maintains all-hybrid populations of the frog Pelophylax esculentus”, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: plural of metamorph
biquark
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: biquarks
Etymology: From bi- + quark.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of diquark.
biquarks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of biquark
microgliopathy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: microgliopathies
Etymology: From microglia + -o- + -pathy.
Senses: examples: text: Mutations in the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor have recently been identified to be the cause of this microgliopathy.
ref: 2015 July 4, Marie Meyer-Ohlendorf et al., “Comprehensive diagnostics in a case of hereditary diffuse leukodystrophy with spheroids”, in BMC Neurology, volume 15, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: Any pathological condition of the microglia
microinfuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: microinfuses
form: microinfusing
form: microinfused
form: microinfused
Etymology: From micro- + infuse.
Senses: glosses: To infuse in very small amounts
Related terms: microinfusion
microinfused
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: Rats were randomly assigned as groups 1 to 5: Group 1: sham control ( n = 7), in which 10 μ L of saline was microinfused (1 μ L/min) proximate to the root of MCA at 0 min; Group 2: G-CSF ( n = 11), in which 200 μ g/kg of G-CSF (Kirin Pharma.
ref: 2015 June 4, Hock-Kean Liew et al., “Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Increases Cerebral Blood Flow via a NO Surge Mediated by Akt/eNOS Pathway to Reduce Ischemic Injury”, in The Scientific World Journal, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: simple past and past participle of microinfuse
miniplate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: miniplates
Etymology: From mini- + plate.
Senses: examples: text: Several kinds of laminoplasties have been reported for lesions of the thoracic and lumbar spine, including use of a titanium miniplate and translaminar screws.
ref: 2015 July 4, Naohisa Miyakoshi et al., “En-bloc resection of thoracic calcified meningioma with inner dural layer in recapping T-saw laminoplasty: a case report”, in BMC Surgery, volume 15, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: A small surgical plate.
multispacer
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From multi- + spacer.
Senses: examples: text: More recently, a multilocus sequence analysis targeting 8 housekeeping genes and a multispacer sequence analysis were reported [ 13, 14 ].
ref: 2015 June 1, Wenjuan Nie et al., “Species Identification and Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing of 278 Clinical Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria Isolates”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Involving multiple spaces between gene sequences
multityrosine
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From multi- + tyrosine.
Senses: examples: text: Imatinib, a multityrosine kinase inhibitor with targets, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and PDGFR-β, has antitumour activity in some patients with SFT.
ref: 2013 July 5, Koichiro Watanabe et al., “CD34-negative solitary fibrous tumour resistant to imatinib”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:
glosses: Having multiple tyrosine targets
multiwells
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Then astrocytes were plated in transwells (0.45 μ M pore size; BD Biosciences, Durham, NC, USA) while neurons were plated in multiwells as described below.
ref: 2015 June 3, Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli et al., “α7 Nicotinic Receptor Promotes the Neuroprotective Functions of Astrocytes against Oxaliplatin Neurotoxicity”, in Neural Plasticity, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: plural of multiwell
neosynthesized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From neo- + synthesized.
Senses: examples: text: Upon activation, mast cells can release a wide range of mediators belonging to three distinct classes: preformed mediators, which are stored in mast cell cytoplasmic granules; neoformed or lipid mediators, which are products of phospholipase A2 activation; and neosynthesized mediators, which are produced and released upon transcriptional activation [ 25 ].
ref: 2015 June 4, Devandir Antonio de Souza Junior et al., “The Role of Mast Cell Specific Chymases and Tryptases in Tumor Angiogenesis”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: newly synthesized
Related terms: neosynthesis
nonxenogeneic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + xenogeneic.
Senses: examples: text: Cell populations under investigation in the present work were also assessed in terms of functionality, in order to further strengthen our claim of having generated hASC-ECs in nonxenogeneic conditions.
ref: 2015 June 4, Juliana Lott de Carvalho et al., “Production of Human Endothelial Cells Free from Soluble Xenogeneic Antigens for Bioartificial Small Diameter Vascular Graft Endothelization”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Not xenogeneic
opsoclonus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + clonus.
Senses: examples: text: The syndrome manifests itself as opsoclonus, myoclonic jerks, ataxia, and/or encephalopathy.
ref: 2015 May 12, Ory Wiesel et al., “Ataxia induced by a thymic neuroblastoma in the elderly patient”, in World Journal of Surgical Oncology, volume 13, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: Rapid, uncontrolled eye movement
oslerian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Diagnosing IE can be straightforward in patients with the typical oslerian manifestations such as bacteremia, evidence of active valvulitis, peripheral emboli, and immunologic vascular phenomena.
ref: 2015 June 3, Shahzad Khan et al., “A Complicated Case of Triple Valve Infective Endocarditis in an IV Drug User with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve Requiring Three Separate Salvage Operations: A Case Report and Literature Review”, in Case Reports in Cardiology, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of Oslerian.
perikarion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The multivesicular bodies release their contents upon arrival at the perikarion.
ref: 2015, Francisco F. De-Miguel et al., “Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long-lasting effects on the nervous system”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, volume 370, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of perikaryon.
peritonectomy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: peritonectomies
Senses: examples: text: Given that suitability of patients for peritonectomy was discussed during weekly meetings and only selected patients were offered this combined therapy, there was selection bias in this study.
ref: 2015 June 26, Yeqian Huang et al., “Effects of sex hormones on survival of peritoneal mesothelioma”, in World Journal of Surgical Oncology, volume 13, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: Removal of a cancerous part of the peritoneum.
photobiosynthesis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + biosynthesis.
Senses: examples: text: To channel metabolic flux generated in photobiosynthesis into lipid biosynthesis, implementation of some PGRs, vitamins, and lipid precursors could lead to an increase in total catabolism activation and lipid accumulation.
ref: 2015 June 3, Ahmad Farhad Talebi et al., “Biochemical Modulation of Lipid Pathway in Microalgae Dunaliella sp. for Biodiesel Production”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: biosynthesis that is induced or regulated by light
photoelectroactivity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From photo- + electroactivity.
Senses: examples: text: Research on In 2 O 3 is very rare in photovoltaic materials due to its weak photoelectroactivity and poor charge carrier transport in In 2 O 3 [ 8 ], thus decreasing the power conversion efficiency of the cell.
ref: 2015 June 4, S. Mahalingam et al., “Structural, Morphological, and Electron Transport Studies of Annealing Dependent In2O3 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell”, in The Scientific World Journal, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: electroactivity upon irradiation with light
postcontrast
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From post- + contrast.
Senses: examples: text: Radiographic features of the lesions included a soft tissue mass with calcifications present throughout, bony destruction of primary/adjacent osseous structures, and variable patterns of postcontrast enhancement; internal septations were visualized in two patients.
ref: 2015 June 3, Michael W. Bishop et al., “Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in Children and Young Adults: A Single Institution Retrospective Review”, in Sarcoma, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Following administration of a contrast medium
postinfarcted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From post- + infarcted.
Senses: examples: text: Therefore, angiogenesis can be induced in the postinfarcted myocardium of transgenic mice [ 124 ].
ref: 2015 June 4, Agnieszka Zimna, Maciej Kurpisz, “Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in Physiological and Pathophysiological Angiogenesis: Applications and Therapies”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: That has been affected by myocardial infarction
Related terms: postinfarction
postpinning
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From post- + pinning.
Senses: examples: text: On CT scan, a deformed right femoral head with postpinning defect, articular changes, and subluxation was visualized.
ref: 2015 June 3, Nagmani Singh et al., “External Iliac Artery-Appendicular Fistula due to Antegrade Unusual Migration of K-Wire from Hip to Pelvis: An Unreported Complication”, in Case Reports in Orthopedics, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: Following the fixation of a pin
posttotal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: post-total
Etymology: From post- + total.
Senses: examples: text: To investigate whether early rehabilitation reduces the occurrence of posttotal hip arthroplasty (THA) complications, adverse events, and medical expenses within one postoperative year.
ref: 2015 June 4, Daniel Chiung-Jui Su et al., “Can Early Rehabilitation after Total Hip Arthroplasty Reduce Its Major Complications and Medical Expenses? Report from a Nationally Representative Cohort”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Following a total operation
prochymase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: prochymases
Etymology: From pro- + chymase.
Senses: examples: text: Both transfection of human prochymase cDNA and injections of purified chymase into implanted sponges demonstrated that chymase was a powerful angiogenic factor.
ref: 2015 June 4, Devandir Antonio de Souza Junior et al., “The Role of Mast Cell Specific Chymases and Tryptases in Tumor Angiogenesis”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any compound that develops into a chymase
progestogenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From progestogen + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: The thymidine-labeled uptake was unaffected by progestogenic treatment and the DNA polymerase activity was not correlated with the PR expression.
ref: 2015 June 3, Giulia Cossu et al., “The Role of Mifepristone in Meningiomas Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to, or using a progestogen
prolongated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more prolongated
form: most prolongated
Senses: examples: text: However, those approaches are hindered by low cell yield, limited plasticity, and differentiation capacity following prolongated expansion in vitro [ 24 ].
ref: 2015 June 4, Juliana Lott de Carvalho et al., “Production of Human Endothelial Cells Free from Soluble Xenogeneic Antigens for Bioartificial Small Diameter Vascular Graft Endothelization”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: prolonged
protoporphirin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: In the assembly of c-type cytochromes, essential for energy metabolism, for example, the cytochrome c maturation process requires ligation of heme (iron protoporphirin IX) to reduced thiols of the Cys-X-X-Cys-His motif of apocytochrome [ 2 ].
ref: 2015 July 4, Paula Roszczenko et al., “Helicobacter pylori HP0377, a member of the Dsb family, is an untypical multifunctional CcmG that cooperates with dimeric thioldisulfide oxidase HP0231”, in BMC Microbiology, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of protoporphyrin.
pseudobulbar
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pseudo- + bulbar.
Senses: examples: text: Examination at age 52 demonstrated a pseudobulbar affect.
ref: 2015 July 4, John L. Robinson et al., “Common neuropathological features underlie distinct clinical presentations in three siblings with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids caused by CSF1R p.Arg782His”, in Acta Neuropathologica Communications, volume 3, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: That is similar to effects related to the brainstem.
Derived terms: pseudobulbar affect
reafferent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From re- + afferent.
Senses: examples: text: The network of areas we found more highly activated in expert meditators than in nonmeditators has recently been hypothesized to be part of the enactive experiential self network, which integrates efferent and reafferent processes concerning exteroception, proprioception, kinesthesia, and interoception.
ref: 2015 June 4, Maddalena Boccia, Laura Piccardi, Paola Guariglia, “The Meditative Mind: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of MRI Studies”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Related to, or caused by reafference.
reafferent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reafferents
Etymology: From re- + afferent.
Senses: glosses: A reafferent structure or connection.
reafference
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reafferences
Etymology: From re- + afference.
Senses: glosses: stimulation as a result of one's own body movement
Related terms: reafferent
reendothelization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Finally, the reendothelization of a decellularized aorta was performed in order to assess the applicability of using hASC-ECs to promote construct viability in vivo .
ref: 2015 June 4, Juliana Lott de Carvalho et al., “Production of Human Endothelial Cells Free from Soluble Xenogeneic Antigens for Bioartificial Small Diameter Vascular Graft Endothelization”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of reendothelialization.
reendothelized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: We propose that endothelization in vitro is faster and more efficient, since it has been shown that despite being reendothelized in vivo vascular grafts lacking a continuous endothelium still show thrombosis and calcification.
ref: 2015 June 4, Juliana Lott de Carvalho et al., “Production of Human Endothelial Cells Free from Soluble Xenogeneic Antigens for Bioartificial Small Diameter Vascular Graft Endothelization”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of reendothelialized.
reendothelialize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: reendothelializes
form: reendothelializing
form: reendothelialized
form: reendothelialized
Etymology: From re- + endothelialize.
Senses: glosses: To cause, or to undergo reendothelialization
reendothelialized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of reendothelialize
reendothelializing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of reendothelialize
reendothelizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: Isolated DNA was quantified using Nanodrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Life Technologies, USA). hASC-EC were evaluated according to their potential of reendothelizing a decellularized aorta in the presence of EM with human serum.
ref: 2015 June 4, Juliana Lott de Carvalho et al., “Production of Human Endothelial Cells Free from Soluble Xenogeneic Antigens for Bioartificial Small Diameter Vascular Graft Endothelization”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of reendothelializing.
reintervention
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reinterventions
Etymology: From re- + intervention.
Senses: examples: text: The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study found that a history of OSA was significantly associated with a composite endpoint of death, VTE, reintervention, or failure to be discharged by 30 days after surgery [ 63 ].
ref: 2015 July 4, Vilma E. Ortiz, Jean Kwo, “Obesity: physiologic changes and implications for preoperative management”, in BMC Anesthesiology, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: A second or subsequent intervention