cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
refuse
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: rĕfʹyo͞os
ipa: /ˈɹɛfjuːs/
Forms: form: more refuse
form: most refuse
Etymology: Borrowed into late Middle English from Middle French refusé, past participle of refuser (“to refuse”). Displaced native Middle English wernen (“to refuse”)
Senses: glosses: Discarded, rejected.
refuse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rĕfʹyo͞os
ipa: /ˈɹɛfjuːs/
Etymology: Borrowed into late Middle English from Middle French refusé, past participle of refuser (“to refuse”). Displaced native Middle English wernen (“to refuse”)
Senses: glosses: Collectively, items or material that have been discarded; rubbish, garbage.
Synonyms: word: discards
word: garbage
word: rubbish
word: trash
Derived terms: bulky refuse
refuse chute
refuse collector
refuse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rĕfʹyo͞os
ipa: /ˈɹɛfjuːs/
enpr: rĭfyo͞ozʹ
ipa: /ɹɪˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
enpr: rĕfʹyo͞os
ipa: /ˈɹɛfjuːs/
Etymology: From Middle English refusen, from Old French refuser, from Vulgar Latin *refūsāre, a blend of Classical Latin refūtāre (whence also refute) and recūsāre (whence also recuse).
Senses: examples: text: This ſpoken, readie with a proud refuſe [...]
ref: 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Twelfth Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 13, page 215:
glosses: refusal
refuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rĕfʹyo͞os
ipa: /ˈɹɛfjuːs/
enpr: rĭfyo͞ozʹ
ipa: /ɹɪˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
enpr: rēfyo͞ozʹ
ipa: /ɹiːˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
enpr: rĕfʹyo͞os
ipa: /ˈɹɛfjuːs/
enpr: rĭfyo͞ozʹ
ipa: /ɹɪˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: refuses
form: refusing
form: refused
form: refused
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: refuse
form: refuse
form: refused
form: refuse
form: refused
form: refuses
form: refused
form: refuse
form: refused
form: refuse
form: refused
form: refuse
form: -
form: refusing
form: refused
Etymology: From re- + fuse.
Senses: glosses: To fuse again, as with, or after, heating or melting.
Related terms: refusion
reinfuse
rejoin
reweld
pernicious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈnɪʃəs/
ipa: /pɚˈnɪʃəs/
rhymes: -ɪʃəs
Forms: form: more pernicious
form: most pernicious
Etymology: From Middle English, from Old French pernicios, from Latin perniciōsus (“destructive”), from perniciēs (“destruction”), from per (“through”) + nex (“slaughter, death”).
Senses: examples: text: Ang. Belieue me on mine Honor,
My words expreſſe my purpoſe.
Iſa. Ha? Little honor, to be much beleeu'd,
And moſt pernitious purpoſe: Seeming, ſeeming.
I will proclaime thee Angelo, looke for't.
ref: c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 70, column 1:
text: […]her health also having suffered by the change, she immediately, when told of Douglas's projected departure from India, felt the strongest desire to accompany him; and to which Colonel Melbourne the more readily consented, having with reluctance yielded to her request of quitting England, willing as he had been to sacrifice the enjoyment of her society rather than that she should submit to the disadvantages attendant upon a residence in a clime usually found so pernicious to the female constitution.
ref: 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XVIII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 231:
text: Puritanism no longer employs the thumbscrew and lash; but it still has a most pernicious hold on the minds and feelings of the American people.
ref: 1911, Emma Goldman, “The Hypocrisy of Puritanism”, in Anarchism and Other Essays:
text: In January, the company laid off a third of its staff and renounced ads as a pernicious influence on the world, without mentioning that Google and Facebook are so good at ads there’s hardly room for anyone else to compete.
ref: 2017 March 22, Jacob Kastrenakes, “Medium launches memberships for $5 per month”, in The Verge:
text: A man has always been a woman’s best excuse to avoid her destiny; that a man is her destiny is one of patriarchy’s most pernicious tenets. What a scam.
ref: 2019 July 9, Toni Bentley, “What Do the Sex Lives of ‘Three Women’ Tell Us About Female Desire?”, in New York Times:
synonyms: word: deleterious
word: venom
glosses: Causing much harm in a subtle way.
synonyms: attery
glosses: Causing death or injury; deadly.
glosses: Insidiously villainous: intending to cause harm, especially in a subtle way.
raw_tags: of a person
Derived terms: antipernicious
pernicious anemia
perniciously
perniciousness
pernicious scale
pernicious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈnɪʃəs/
ipa: /pɚˈnɪʃəs/
rhymes: -ɪʃəs
Forms: form: more pernicious
form: most pernicious
Etymology: Analyzable as pernīx ("swift") + -ious.
Senses: glosses: swift; celeritous.
Related terms: pernicity
embark
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈbɑːk/
ipa: /ɛmˈbɑːk/
ipa: /ɪmˈbɑɹk/
ipa: /ɛmˈbɑɹk/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k
Forms: form: embarks
form: embarking
form: embarked
form: embarked
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French embarquer, from em- + barque (“small ship”). Compare with Portuguese embarcar, Spanish abarcar.
Senses: examples: text: All passengers please embark now.
text: It is never possible to settle down to the ordinary routine of life at sea until the screw begins to revolve. There is an hour or two, after the passengers have embarked, which is disquieting and fussy.
ref: 1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:
glosses: To go aboard a craft or vessel for transportation.
examples: text: Phil embarked on his journey yesterday.
glosses: To start, begin.
glosses: To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard.
examples: text: He embarked his fortune in trade.
text: It was the reputation of the sect upon which St. Paul embarked his salvation.
ref: 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
text: Nor seek to get his patron's favour, by embarking himself in the factions of the family; to enquire after domestic simulties, their sports or affections.
ref: 1641, Ben Jonson, Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter:
glosses: To engage, enlist, or invest (as persons, money, etc.) in any affair.
Synonyms: sense: a vessel or craft
word: board
sense: on a boat or ship
word: make sail
sense: on a boat or ship
word: take shipping
Derived terms: disembarkation
disembarkee
embarkation
embarkee
embarker
re-embark
reembark
embark
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈbɑːk/
ipa: /ɛmˈbɑːk/
ipa: /ɪmˈbɑɹk/
ipa: /ɛmˈbɑɹk/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k
Forms: form: embarks
form: embarking
form: embarked
form: embarked
Etymology: From em- + bark.
Senses: glosses: To cover or enclose with bark.
forty-five
Language: English
Part of speech: num
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfɔɹtiˈfaɪv/
ipa: /ˌfɔːtiˈfaɪv/
Senses: glosses: Cardinal number after forty-four and before forty-six.
Synonyms: word: 45
word: XLV
forty-five
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌfɔɹtiˈfaɪv/
ipa: /ˌfɔːtiˈfaɪv/
Forms: form: forty-fives
Senses: examples: text: The robber brandished a forty-five at the cashier to make her empty the till for him.
text: The phoenix he helped create
Out of control boy without a dad
Shot the gun that startled my life
While I drove him with a forty-five
ref: 1998, “Soil”, in Serj Tankian (lyrics), Daron Malakian (music), System of a Down, performed by System of a Down, Track 7:
topics: engineering
firearms
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
tools
war
weaponry
glosses: A .45-caliber firearm.
universism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From universe + -ism.
Senses: examples: https://web.archive.org/web/20061012073457/http://open-site.org/Society/Religion/Universism/
Universism is a modern rational religious philosophy that began in 2003 with princples laid out by Ford Vox. Universists choose their beliefs according to the dictates of their own life experience and reason.
http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/u/universism.html
Universism is a philosophy of The Universist Movement. Universism, though not a definitive philosophy, is a progressive, naturalistic worldview in which all meaning and purpose is understood through personal reason and experience; thus, being a religion of reason.
https://web.archive.org/web/20070209081744/http://www.bbc.co.uk/berkshire/faith/05/universist.shtml
What Universism argues against is individuals believing that their truths apply to others - all of us are equals in terms of these enormous, world-shaping metaphysical questions.
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: a movement advocating personal reason and experience and over faith and dogma
Related terms: universist
universist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: universists
Etymology: From universe + -ist.
Senses: glosses: One who exclusively applies personal reason and experience to existential, religious and moral questions, accepts and is inspired by the natural uncertainty of the human state, and denies the validity of revelation, faith and dogma.
universist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more universist
form: most universist
Etymology: From universe + -ist.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to universists or universism.
Related terms: universism
negress
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈniːɡɹɪs/
Forms: form: negresses
form: Negress
Etymology: From French négresse, from nègre. Equivalent to Negro + -ess.
Senses: examples: text: Directly they were trotted off in their little pea-green and gilt carriage, guardian negress and all, I went into the shop, about which I had all this time been loafingly prowling, and called, clapping my hands, for some violet sherbet, […]
ref: 1860, Walter Thornbury, Turkish Life and Character, volume 1, page 137:
text: 1995, A. J. Verdelle, The Good Negress (book title)
synonyms: word: negrette
word: niggerette
word: niggeress
word: niggress
word: nigress
word: BIPOC
word: BME
word: colored
word: colored person
word: minority
raw_tags: in white majority countries
word: nonwhite
word: person of color
qualifier: now offensive and an ethnic slur
glosses: A black female.
Related terms: negro
negroid
Latina
Muslimah
hermit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɝmɪt/
ipa: /ˈhɜːmɪt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)mɪt
Forms: form: hermits
form: eremite
form: heremit
form: heremite
Etymology: From Middle English hermite, heremite, eremite, from Old French eremite, from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin eremita, from Ancient Greek ἐρημίτης (erēmítēs, “person of the desert”) from ἐρημία (erēmía, “desert, solitude”), from ἔρημος (érēmos) or ἐρῆμος (erêmos, “uninhabited”) plus -ίτης (-ítēs, “one connected to, a member of”). Doublet of eremite. Displaced native Old English ānsetla.
Senses: synonyms: anchorite
eremite
glosses: A religious recluse; someone who lives alone for religious reasons; an eremite.
examples: text: Solitary the thrush, / The hermit withdrawn to himself, avoiding the settlements, / Sings by himself a song.
ref: 1865, Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, in Sequel to Drum-Taps: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d and other poems:
text: Millie told him he sounded like some batty hermit who lived in a cave.
ref: 2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 184:
synonyms: word: aloner
word: anchoret
word: anchorite
word: eremite
word: hermit
word: Miller of Dee
word: monk
word: recluse
word: shut-in
word: solitary
word: sullen
glosses: A recluse; someone who lives alone and shuns human companionship.
glosses: A spiced cookie made with molasses, raisins, and nuts.
examples: text: Because hermits are decapods and do not live within their own shells, they are not considered to be true crabs.
ref: 2016, Vicki Judah, Kathy Nuttall, Exotic Animal Care and Management, page 279:
glosses: A hermit crab.
glosses: Any in the subfamily Phaethornithinae of hummingbirds.
Derived terms: bald-headed hermit
hermie
hermitage
hermitary
hermit-bird
hermit crab
hermit-crow
hermitess
hermithood
hermitic
hermitical
hermitically
hermitish
hermitism
hermitization
hermitize
hermit kingdom
hermitlike
hermitness
hermitry
hermitship
hermit thrush
hermitty
hermitude
hermit warbler
house hermit
thinstripe hermit
Related terms: monachos
monk
hermitage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɜːmɪtɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈhɝmɪtɪd͡ʒ/
Forms: form: hermitages
Etymology: From Middle English hermytage, ermitage, from Old French ermitage, hermitaige, from Latin erēmīta, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐρημίτης (erēmítēs, “hermit”). By surface analysis, hermit + -age.
Senses: examples: text: But vvhat a vvretched, and diſconſolate Hermitage is that Houſe, vvhich is not viſited by thee [God], and vvhat a VVayue, and Stray is that Man, that hath not thy Markes vpon him?
ref: 1624, John Donne, “13. Prayer”, in Deuotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Seuerall Steps in My Sicknes: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Thomas Iones, →OCLC, page 329:
text: I saw the huge rocking-stone, that had been violently depressed by him as he sprang, fly back when relieved of his weight till, for the first time during all these centuries, it got beyond its balance, fell with a most awful crash right into the rocky chamber which had once served the philosopher Noot for a hermitage, and, I have no doubt, for ever sealed the passage that leads to the Place of Life with some hundreds of tons of rock.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
glosses: A house or dwelling where a hermit lives.
examples: text: Temptation is an obsequious servant that has no objection to the country, and we know that it takes up its lodging in hermitages as well as in cities; and that in the most remote and inaccessible desert it keeps company with the fugitive solitary.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 28, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
glosses: A place of seclusion.
glosses: A period of seclusion.
Yale
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /jeɪl/
rhymes: -eɪl
Etymology: Ultimately borrowed from Welsh Iâl, from iâl (“clearing, cultivated upland”). The surname is habitational. The university is named for Elihu Yale, a notable early benefactor.
Senses: examples: text: But all this still does not rise to the level of a constitutional crisis, according to Jack Balkin, a Yale law professor who has written in depth about the term along with University of Texas professor Sanford Levinson. Democrats in Congress can go to the courts to have their subpoenas enforced, although Balkin said that is not an ideal path.
ref: 2019 May 8, Zachary B. Wolf, “How to know when it’s a constitutional crisis”, in CNN:
glosses: A university in the eastern United States.
glosses: A romanisation scheme originating from Yale University.
A romanisation scheme designed for Mandarin.
examples: Coordinate term: Jyutping
glosses: A romanisation scheme originating from Yale University.
A romanisation scheme designed for Cantonese.
glosses: A romanisation scheme originating from Yale University.
A romanisation scheme designed for Japanese.
hypernyms: romaji
glosses: A romanisation scheme originating from Yale University.
A romanisation scheme designed for Korean.
glosses: Iâl, a commote of medieval Wales.
glosses: A surname transferred from the place name.
Derived terms: sense: university
word: Yalie
Yale
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /jeɪl/
rhymes: -eɪl
Senses: glosses: A language spoken in Papua New Guinea, sometimes called Nagatman (the name of a village where it is spoken)
glosses: A people in Papua New Guinea associated with the Yale language
Capella
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Latin capella (“she-goat; kid”).
Senses: topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A bright double star in the constellation Auriga; Alpha (α) Aurigae.
Capella
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Capellas
Etymology: Borrowed from Catalan Capella.
Senses: glosses: A surname from Catalan.
Related terms: Capella Island
friar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹaɪə/
ipa: /ˈfɹaɪɚ/
rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
homophone: frier
homophone: fryer
Forms: form: friars
form: frier
form: fryar
Etymology: PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
From Middle English frere, from Old French frere, from Latin frāter (“brother”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”). Doublet of bhai, brother, bru, frater, pal, and vai.
Senses: synonyms: brother
frater
coordinate_terms: father
sister
mother
glosses: A member of a mendicant Christian order such as the Augustinians, Carmelites (white friars), Franciscans (grey friars) or the Dominicans (black friars).
topics: media
printing
publishing
coordinate_terms: monk
glosses: A white or pale patch on a printed page caused by poor inking.
glosses: An American fish, the silverside.
glosses: An American fish, the silverside.
Such fish prepared as food.
Derived terms: black friar
curtal friar
friarbird
friar bird
friaress
friarhood
friarlike
friarly
Friar Minor
Friar Preacher
friar's balsam
friar's cap
friar's cowl
friarship
friar's omelette
friary
greyfriar
grey friar
grayfriar
gray friar
preaching friar
white friar
friary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹaɪəɹi/
rhymes: -aɪəɹi
rhymes: -aɪ.əɹi
Forms: form: friaries
Etymology: From friar (“brother”) in a religious order, from Latin frater (“brother”), from Latin.
Senses: examples: text: For this reason, Francis asked that part of the friary garden always be left untouched, so that wild flowers and herbs could grow there, and those who saw them could raise their minds to God, the Creator of such beauty.
ref: 2015, Pope Francis I, Laudato Si': Encyclical Letter on care for our common home:
coordinate_terms: monastery
priory
abbey
glosses: A house or convent where friars (members of certain religious communities) live.
Derived terms: Witham Friary
Related terms: friar
friary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹaɪəɹi/
rhymes: -aɪəɹi
rhymes: -aɪ.əɹi
Forms: form: more friary
form: most friary
Etymology: From friar (“brother”) in a religious order, from Latin frater (“brother”), from Latin.
Senses: examples: text: Saint Francis with his Friery kowle in a corne-field.
ref: 1605, M. N. [pseudonym; William Camden], Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, […], London: […] G[eorge] E[ld] for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:
glosses: Like a friar; relating to friars or to a convent.
celibate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛləbət/
Forms: form: cælibate
form: cœlibate
Etymology: Probably from the noun (“celibacy”) or from celibacy on the model of privacy/private, etc. Alternatively, from Latin caelebs (“single”) + -ate.
Senses: qualifier: chiefly religious
glosses: Not married.
examples: text: Members of religious communities sometimes take vows to remain celibate.
text: Juanita went celibate for a while and then started going out with Da5id and eventually got married to him.
ref: 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 57:
glosses: Abstaining from sexual relations and pleasures.
Synonyms: sense: not married
word: unmarried
sense: not married
word: single
sense: abstaining from sex
word: abstinent
sense: abstaining from sex
word: chaste
sense: abstaining from sex
word: pure
Hyponyms: incel
volcel
Derived terms: celibatarian
celibately
celibatist
incelibate
noncelibate
Related terms: celibacy
celibate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛləbət/
Forms: form: cælibate
form: cœlibate
Etymology: From Latin caelebs + -ate (noun-forming suffix)
Senses: examples: text: Even during the ages that priestly marriage was permitted, celibates obtained a higher reputation for sanctity and virtue than married priests, who infinitely more than celibates were believed subject to infestation by demons.
ref: 1893, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Woman, Church and State: A Historical Account of the Status of Woman Through the Christian Ages: with Reminiscences of the Matriarchate:
glosses: One who is not married, especially one who has taken a religious vow not to get married, usually because of being a member of a religious community.
Synonyms: word: volcel
word: cel
word: celibate
word: celibatist
word: abstinent
Hyponyms: word: incel
word: volcel
word: herbivore man
word: grasseater
Related terms: word: bachelor
english: brother
translation: brother
word: friar
word: monk
english: sister
translation: sister
word: nun
word: virgin
celibate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛləbət/
Forms: form: celibates
form: celibating
form: celibated
form: celibated
form: cælibate
form: cœlibate
Etymology: From Latin caelebs + -ate (verb-forming suffix)
Senses: examples: text: However, be that as it may, Stason celebrated with the boys while Hessel celibated alone.
ref: 1941, Michigan Raw Review, page 34:
text: These kids were winding up 45 years and 4 days of celebrating. Me? I'm winding up seven years of celibating looking for a patient virgin.
ref: 1973, Stevens Indicator - Volumes 90-91, page 55:
text: RICHARD: The Franciscans have turned me down, Angelina. They have asked me to travel another road to sainthood. TOM: Richard is done with celibating!
ref: 1983, Jerry Bamman, Ecco!, page 1-36:
text: But if she must break off her celibating, it's a shame and a pity she had to choose him to do it with.
ref: 2010, Joan Smith, Aurora:
text: But also with labels like “whore” and “slut”, as a male, it's annoying, because, women don't need to be chastised and made colder in this ice age we live in— they need to be warmed up, turned on, complimented, celebrated (not celibated), encouraged to enjoy their bodies, and pursue pleasure soberly and intelligently.
ref: 2012, Ted Huntington, Big Science Secrets, Lies, and Mistakes, page 129:
glosses: To practice celibacy.
celibate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɛləbət/
Forms: form: cælibate
form: cœlibate
Etymology: From French célibat (“celibacy”), from Latin caelibātus (“celibacy”), from caelebs (“unmarried”); compare German Zölibat (“celibacy”). Equivalent to Latin caelebs + -ate (forming nouns denoting a rank, a state)
Senses: examples: text: He […] preferreth holy Cœlibate before the eſtate of Marriage, […]
ref: 1678, Jeremy Taylor, “The History of the Life and Death of the Holy Jesus: […]. The Third Part.”, in Antiquitates Christianæ: Or, the History of the Life and Death of the Holy Jesus: […], London: […] E. Flesher, and R. Norton, for R[ichard] Royston, […], →OCLC, section XIV (Of the Third Year of the Preaching of Jesus), page 327:
text: And Mrs Gorman had had several admirers, both before and after Mr Gorman, and even during Mr Gorman, and Watt at least two well defined romances, in the course of his celibate.
ref: 1953, Samuel Beckett, chapter II, in Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC, page 139:
glosses: A celibate state; celibacy.
Synonyms: word: celibate
word: celibatist
word: cel
word: abstinent
Hyponyms: word: incel
word: volcel
word: herbivore man
word: grasseater
Related terms: word: virgin
shoehorn
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃuːˌhɔːn/
ipa: /ˈʃuːˌhɔɹn/
Forms: form: shoehorns
form: shoe horn
form: shoe-horn
Etymology: From shoe + horn.
Senses: glosses: A smooth tool that assists in putting the foot into a shoe, by sliding the heel in after the toe is in place.
examples: text: I was about sixty feet ahead of this film in many spots, which speaks rather poorly for it. And I resented the heartthrobs which were planted in my bosom with a shoehorn via the "little child" process.
ref: 1935, Don Herold, Going to the Movies, Life Magazine January 1935.:
glosses: Anything by which a transaction is facilitated; a medium.
examples: text: Now you cannot but observe, that most of our fine young Ladies readily fall in with the Direction of the Graver sort, to retain in their Service, by some small Encouragement, as great a Number as they can of supernumerary and insignificant Fellows, which they use like Whiflers, and commonly call Shoeing-Horns. These are never designed to know the length of the Foot, but only when a good Offer comes to whet and spur him up to the Point. Nay 'tis the Opinion of that grave Lady, Madam Matchwell, that it's absolutely convenient for every prudent Family to have several of these Implements about the House, to clap on as occasion serves, and that every Spark ought to produce a Certificate of his being a Shoeing-Horn, before he be admitted as a Shoe. A certain Lady, whom I could name, if it was necessary, has at present more Shoeing-Horns of all Sizes, Countries, and Colours, in her Service, than ever she had new Shoes in her Life.
ref: 1652, Richard Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy:
glosses: Anything which draws on or allures; an inducement.
Synonyms: shoeing-horn
slipper spoon
shoehorn
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʃuːˌhɔːn/
ipa: /ˈʃuːˌhɔɹn/
Forms: form: shoehorns
form: shoehorning
form: shoehorned
form: shoehorned
form: shoe horn
form: shoe-horn
Etymology: From shoe + horn.
Senses: glosses: To use a shoehorn.
examples: text: I shoehorned his dozen burgeoning bags into the backseat of my tiny car, and off we went.
text: His staff want to shoehorn an extra stop into his already packed campaigning schedule.
text: 2012, The Economist, Oct 13th 2012 issue, Italian politics: Who will be Italy’s next prime minister?
A member of Mr Monti’s government admitted that, barring a hung parliament, it was impossible for the moment to see how Mr Monti could be shoehorned into politics after next spring.
glosses: To force (something) into (a tight space); to squeeze (something) into (a schedule, etc); to exert great effort to insert or include (something); to include (something) despite potent reasons not to.
examples: text: People claiming to be psychic may shoehorn an event into fulfillment of some vague past prediction.
text: After the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, fundamentalist Christian evangelists Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson shoehorned the events to their agenda. They claimed that "liberal civil liberties groups, feminists, homosexuals and abortion rights supporters bear partial responsibility...because their actions have turned [my] god's anger against America."
ref: 2015 April 5, Robert Todd Carroll, “Shoehorning”, in The Skeptic's Dictionary:
glosses: To force some current event into alignment with some (usually unconnected) agenda, especially when it is fallacious.
ambivalence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æmˈbɪvələns/
Forms: form: ambivalences
Etymology: Borrowed from German Ambivalenz (“simultaneous conflicting feelings”), from Latin ambi- (“both”) and valentia (“strength”), from the verb valere (“to be strong”) (see valiant); spelled on the model of French-origin words ending in -ence. The German term was coined by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1910; by 1929, it had taken on a broader literary and general sense. Equivalent to ambi- + valence.
Senses: examples: text: "I dearly loved my master, son," she said.
"You should have hated him," I said.
"He gave me several sons," she said, "and because I loved my sons I learned to love their father though I hated him too."
"I too have become acquainted with ambivalence, I said.
ref: 1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Prologue:
text: The great sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argued that philo-Semitism and anti-Semitism both fall under “allosemitism”: literally Othering the Jew. He defined it not as resentment of what is different, which is xenophobia, but rather of what defies order and clear categories. In 1997, he wrote, “The Jew is ambivalence incarnate. And ambivalence is ambivalence mostly because it cannot be contemplated without ambivalent feeling: it is simultaneously attractive and repelling.”
ref: 2020 January 28, Mairov Zonszein, “Christian Zionist philo-Semitism is driving Trump’s Israel policy”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 30 Jan 2020:
glosses: The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings (such as love and hate) towards a person, object or idea.
glosses: A state of uncertainty or indecisiveness.
Derived terms: unambivalence
Related terms: ambivalent
protest
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/
enpr: prōʹtĕst
ipa: /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/
Forms: form: protests
Etymology: PIE word
 *tréyes
From the Middle English verb protesten, from Old French protester, from Latin prōtestārī, from prō + testor, from testis (“witness”).
Senses: examples: text: They lodged a protest with the authorities.
glosses: A formal objection, especially one by a group.
examples: text: We held a protest in front of City Hall.
text: All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism.
ref: 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
text: Sage Ip, a 29-year-old flight attendant who cast her ballot on Sunday in the Sai Ying Pun district, said she voted in the primary because she was worried that she would never get a chance to do so again. “Voting is something that is still within our capacity. We can’t express ourselves at protests anymore.”
ref: 2020 July 13, Austin Ramzy, Elaine Yu, Tiffany May, “Hong Kong Voters Defy Beijing, Endorsing Protest Leaders in Primary”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 Jul 2020:
glosses: A collective gesture of disapproval; a demonstration.
glosses: The noting by a notary public of an unpaid or unaccepted bill.
glosses: A written declaration, usually by the master of a ship, stating the circumstances attending loss or damage of ship or cargo, etc.
Synonyms: dissent
objection
protestation
Derived terms: dirty protest
methinks the lady doth protest too much
methinks thou dost protest too much
Protestant
protestation
protester
protest march
protest song
protest too much
protest vote
the lady doth protest too much
under protest
zap
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /zæp/
rhymes: -æp
Forms: form: zaps
Etymology: 1920s, American English, of imitative origin.
Senses: glosses: A sound made by a sudden release of electricity or some similar energy.
examples: text: You might feel a little zap touching a metal doorknob when the air is dry.
glosses: An electric shock.
examples: text: Black AIDS activists were caught in the middle of a nearly yearlong series of zaps.
ref: 1998, Raymond A. Smith, Encyclopedia of AIDS:
text: When a zap at Brooklyn's Board of Education opened no dialogue on discrimination suffered by gay teachers, GAA targeted the BOE offices on April 13.
ref: 2011, Michael Schiavi, Celluloid Activist: The Life and Times of Vito Russo, page 84:
glosses: A raucous public demonstration designed to embarrass a public figure or celebrity as a form of political activism.
examples: text: The guest immediately asked the bartender to give his drink a zap in the microwave oven behind him […]
ref: 2015, Thomas E. Johnson, West Meets East in Kazakhstan:
glosses: The act of heating something in a microwave oven.
Derived terms: brain zap
zap
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /zæp/
rhymes: -æp
Forms: form: zaps
form: zapping
form: zapped
form: zapped
Etymology: 1920s, American English, of imitative origin.
Senses: glosses: To make a zap sound.
synonyms: channel surf
channel hop
glosses: To use a remote control to repeatedly change channels on a television.
examples: text: They spent the whole movie zapping bad guys into oblivion.
glosses: To strike (something or someone) with electricity or energy, as by shooting.
examples: text: Says a U. S. officer: "We zapped the enemy, now we intend to stick around. […]
ref: 1966, U.S. News & World Report, volume 61, page 32:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: To kill; to eliminate.
examples: text: I think they zapped the processor.
glosses: To damage (especially electronics) with electrostatic discharge.
examples: text: If it's not warm in the middle, zap it some more.
glosses: To heat (something) in a microwave oven.
examples: text: They zapped a lot of files before realizing they had not backed up lately.
glosses: To delete or discard (electronic media).
examples: text: They zapped my motor's magnets.
glosses: To further energize or charge (magnetic material).
examples: text: Got to go and zap this document now.
ref: 2004 October 19, Kevin & Lily Shepherdson, “Digital Life”, in The Straits Times, Singapore, page 16:
glosses: To photocopy.
examples: text: We are periodically assailed with appeals to help block this or censor that or zap the other media presentation which one or other of us thinks (often with justice) is injurious to gays or others.
ref: 1976 April 3, 'A. Nolder Gay', “The View From The Closet”, in Gay Community News, page 16:
glosses: To participate in a zap (protest) against.
Derived terms: zap 'em up
zap over
zap up
zap
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /zæp/
rhymes: -æp
Forms: form: zap!
Etymology: 1920s, American English, of imitative origin.
Senses: examples: text: Then the computer went zap and I lost all my work.
text: Zap is a comic-book hero - Zap! Powie! Kazoom!; why have you retired, Zap, when we need you so much?
ref: 1975, Rennie Ellis, editors, Australian Graffiti, page [1]:
glosses: Representing the sound or action of a zap.
wade
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /weɪd/
ipa: /wed/
rhymes: -eɪd
homophone: wayed
homophone: weighed
homophone: wheyed (all not in Scotland)
Forms: form: wades
Etymology: From Middle English waden, from Old English wadan, from Proto-West Germanic *wadan, from Proto-Germanic *wadaną (“to go, pass through”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to go”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian waadje (“to wade”), West Frisian wâdzje (“to wade”), Dutch waden (“to wade”), German Low German waden (“to wade”), German waten (“to wade”), Danish vade (“to wade”), Swedish vada (“to wade”), Icelandic vaða (“to wade”), and Latin vādō (“go, walk; rush”).
Senses: examples: text: We had to be careful during our dangerous wade across the river.
glosses: An act of wading.
glosses: A ford; a place to cross a river.
Derived terms: St Nicholas at Wade
waddle
Related terms: wade in
wade through
wade
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /weɪd/
ipa: /wed/
rhymes: -eɪd
homophone: wayed
homophone: weighed
homophone: wheyed (all not in Scotland)
Senses: examples: text: Woad or Wade is a very rich Commodity
ref: 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:
glosses: Obsolete form of woad.
royal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɔɪ.əl/
ipa: /ˈɹɔɪ(.ə)l/
rhymes: -ɔɪəl
homophone: roil (certain accents)
Forms: form: royals
form: r.
form: roial
form: roiall
form: royall
form: royaler
Etymology: From Middle English royal, from Old French roial (Modern French royal), from Latin rēgālis, from rēx (“king”). Doublet of regal (“befitting a king”), real (“unit of currency”), ariary, and riyal. Cognate with Spanish real. Displaced native Old English cynelīċ.
Senses: examples: text: Andy noted in RAIL 462: "The Royals are bound to have a great say in the decoration of the train and it speaks volumes for their regard for it that there are so many portraits of previous Royal Trains and items presented on trips. I sense they're extremely fond of it."
ref: 2022 September 21, Philip Haigh, “Comment: Her Majesty's final journey”, in RAIL, number 966, page 3:
glosses: A royal person; a member of a royal family.
topics: media
printing
publishing
qualifier: paper
glosses: A standard size of printing paper, measuring 25 by 20 inches.
qualifier: paper
glosses: A standard size of writing paper, measuring 24 by 19 inches.
glosses: The Australian decimal currency intended to replace the pound in 1966; was changed to "dollar" before it was actually circulated.
glosses: Any of various lycaenid butterflies.
glosses: The fourth tine of an antler's beam.
glosses: A stag with twelve points (six on each antler).
examples: text: in ten days after we spoke the Solon, so rapid was his recovery, that, from lying helpless and almost hopeless in his berth, he was at the mast-heId, furling a royal.
ref: 1840, R[ichard] H[enry] D[ana], Jr., “CHAPTER XXXV”, in Two Years before the Mast. […] (Harper’s Family Library; no. CVI), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], →OCLC:
topics: nautical
sailing
transport
glosses: In large sailing ships, square sail over the topgallant sail.
glosses: An old English gold coin, the rial.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A small mortar.
topics: card-games
games
glosses: In auction bridge, a royal spade.
synonyms: imperial
glosses: A tuft of beard on the lower lip.
topics: campanology
history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: Bell changes rung on ten bells.
Related terms: sense: Other semantically related terms
word: emperor
sense: Other semantically related terms
word: imperial
sense: Other semantically related terms
word: king
sense: Other semantically related terms
word: monarch
sense: Other semantically related terms
word: prince
sense: Other semantically related terms
word: princess
sense: Other semantically related terms
word: queen
Bosnian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɒzni.ən/
ipa: /ˈbɑːzni.ən/
ipa: /ˈbɔːzni.ən/
Forms: form: more Bosnian
form: most Bosnian
Etymology: From Bosnia + -an.
Senses: examples: text: In his provocative essay, David Gibbs makes the following statement about diplomacy and the war in Bosnia. “There is also abundant evidence that diplomacy might have prevented the Bosnian war and thus prevented the Srebrenica massacre, but this option was blocked by prointerventionist forces in the United States, which demanded a military option instead.”
ref: 2015, Various Authors, “Responses to David N. Gibbs Article by John Theis, Scott Laderman, Jean Bricmont, Latha V Laderman, Jean Bricmont, Latha Varadarajan, K ajan, Kees van der Pijl, an der Pijl, and John Feffer”, in Class, Race and Corporate Power, volume 3, number 2, page 25:
glosses: Of or pertaining to Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bosnian people or their culture and language.
glosses: Of or pertaining to Bosnia
glosses: Pertaining to Bosniaks
Derived terms: word: Bosnianness
taxonomic: Pinus heldreichii
word: Bosnian pine
Bosnian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɒzni.ən/
ipa: /ˈbɑːzni.ən/
ipa: /ˈbɔːzni.ən/
Forms: form: Bosnians
Etymology: From Bosnia + -an.
Senses: examples: text: Ten days later, however, the deal was dead, largely because the United States opposed it and persuaded the Bosnians to do the same, or so Gibbs argues.
ref: 2015, Various Authors, “Responses to David N. Gibbs Article by John Theis, Scott Laderman, Jean Bricmont, Latha V Laderman, Jean Bricmont, Latha Varadarajan, K ajan, Kees van der Pijl, an der Pijl, and John Feffer”, in Class, Race and Corporate Power, volume 3, number 2, page 25:
glosses: A person from Bosnia and Herzegovina or of Bosnian descent.
glosses: The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
glosses: Serbo-Croatian in general, as spoken in Bosnia.
glosses: A Bosniak.
Hyponyms: Herzegovinian
Related terms: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosniak
Serbo-Croatian
Yugoslavia
Slovakian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Slovakia + -an or Slovak + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: One Terrorgram user livestreamed himself stabbing five people outside of a mosque in Turkey, she said, and a 19-year-old Slovakian man praised the group in a manifesto before killing two people at an LGBTQ bar in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia.
ref: 2024 September 9, Hannah Rabinowitz, “Alleged leaders of White supremacist group charged in effort to encourage terrorism and hate crimes”, in CNN:
glosses: Of or pertaining to Slovakia, a country in Central Europe.
Derived terms: Slovakian Wirehaired Pointer
Slovakian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Slovakians
Etymology: From Slovakia + -an or Slovak + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: But he was arrested crossing the Polish-Slovak border, and the Slovakians handed him to the Germans.
ref: 2005 January 26, Steve Goldberg, “Barber to the SS, witness to the Holocaust”, in CNN:
glosses: A person from Slovakia or of Slovakian descent.
Synonyms: Slovak
Related terms: Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakian
grand duke
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: grand dukes
form: grand-duke
form: grandduke
Etymology: From grand + duke, after Middle French and French grand duc /grand-duc, itself after titles in other languages, especially Italian granduca, German Großherzog, and Russian вели́кий князь (velíkij knjazʹ). Doublet of grand-duc.
Senses: glosses: Ruler or monarch of a grand duchy.
glosses: Son, daughter, or grandchild of a czar (emperor) of the Russian Empire. (A more literal translation of the Russian is grand prince.)
Related terms: czar
duchess
duke
emperor
grand duchess
imperial
prince
princess
royal
ducal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /djuːkəl/
rhymes: -uːkəl
Forms: form: more ducal
form: most ducal
Etymology: Middle French ducal, from Latin ducālis.
Senses: examples: text: Ahead of the king’s coming, the Duke of Norfolk will arrive to guarantee order [...] and he will not come with an army, but only his ducal train.
ref: 2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 409:
glosses: Of or pertaining to a duke, a duchess, or the duchy or dukedom they hold.
Derived terms: ducally
grand ducal
unducal
Related terms: duchess
duchy
duke
baronial
comital
kingly
margravial
noble
princely
regal
royal
vicontiel
viscomital
fleece
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fliːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: fleeces
Etymology: From Middle English flees, flese, flus, fleos, from Old English flēos, flīes, flȳs, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.
Senses: examples: text: The Sun ſhall change, the Moon to change ſhall ceaſe; / The Gaits to clim-----the Sheep to yield the Fleece, / Ere ought by me be either ſaid or done, / Shall do thee Wrang, I ſwear by all aboon.
ref: 1730, Allan Ramsay, “[https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Gentle_Shepherd_Ec/Cs9ZAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA22 [Act II, Scene IV]]”, in The Gentle Shepherd: A Scots Paſtoral-Comedy, page 23:
text: Wool became the substitute for money. […] In all the middle periods of British history, the fleece was the expression and the measure of national prosperity or calamity.
ref: 1837, William Youatt, “Preface”, in Sheep: Their Breeds, Management and Diseases. […] (Library of Useful Knowledge), London: Baldwin and Cradock:
glosses: Hair or wool of a sheep or similar animal
glosses: Insulating skin with the wool attached
glosses: A textile similar to velvet, but with a longer pile that gives it a softness and a higher sheen.
glosses: An insulating wooly jacket
topics: business
construction
manufacturing
roofing
glosses: Mat or felts composed of fibers, sometimes used as a membrane backer.
examples: text: Alas! in the morning the eaglet was gone; and, full of sorrow, they stooped to pick up the shining fleece with which the floor was spread. At their touch, every feather became a golden coin.
ref: 1879 January, Ellis Clare, “The Christmas Eaglet”, in Ballou's Monthly Magazine, volume 49, number 1, Boston: Thomes & Talbot:
glosses: Any soft woolly covering resembling a fleece.
glosses: The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding machine.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Polygonum aubertii
word: China fleece vine
word: defleece
taxonomic: Stenanthium robustum
word: feather fleece
taxonomic: Polygonum spp.
word: fleeceflower
word: fleecehold
word: fleeceless
word: fleecelike
taxonomic: Polygonum aubertii
word: fleece vine
word: fleeceware
word: fleecewear
word: fleece wool
taxonomic: Phormia regina etc.
word: fleece worm
word: fleecy
word: Golden Fleece
taxonomic: Codium fragile
word: green fleece
word: microfleece
word: polar fleece
taxonomic: Urospermum dalechampii
word: smooth golden fleece
fleece
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fliːs/
rhymes: -iːs
Forms: form: fleeces
form: fleecing
form: fleeced
form: fleeced
Etymology: From Middle English flees, flese, flus, fleos, from Old English flēos, flīes, flȳs, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.
Senses: examples: text: There is a difference between bookmaking, an entirely respectable profession, and fleecing people, which isn’t.
ref: 2015 August 2, “All bets are off: why bookmakers aren’t playing fair”, in The Observer, archived from the original on 21 Jan 2020:
glosses: To con or trick (someone) out of money.
examples: text: During spring shearing we have to fleece all the sheep in just a few days.
synonyms: shear#Verb
hypernyms: cut off#Verb
glosses: To cut off the fleece from (a sheep or other animal).
glosses: To cover with, or as if with, wool.
Derived terms: fleeceable
fleecer
Related terms: sense: con
word: nickel and dime
bishopric
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɪʃəpɹɪk/
Forms: form: bishoprics
form: bishoprick
form: bishoprike
Etymology: From Middle English bischopriche, from Old English bisċoprīċe, equivalent to bishop + -ric (compare German Reich).
Senses: examples: text: Later that year, he was appointed to the bishopric of Lindesmeere.
text: Iohn Fiſher Biſhop of Rocheſter, when the King [Henry VII of England] would have tranſlated him from that poore Biſhopricke to a better, he refuſed, saying: He would not forſake his poore little olde wife, with whom he had ſo long lived.
ref: 1605, M. N. [pseudonym; William Camden], “Grave Speeches, and Wittie Apothegms of Woorthie Personages of This Realme in Former Times”, in Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, […], London: […] G[eorge] E[ld] for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, page 220:
text: Wiltshire actually comes from Wiltonshire, for Wilton was once a county town, royal residence and bishopric - a place of significance.
ref: 2023 June 28, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: Alton to Exeter”, in RAIL, number 986, page 59:
synonyms: diocese
hypernyms: see
coordinate_terms: archbishopric
archdiocese
glosses: A diocese or region of a church which a bishop governs.
hypernyms: see
coordinate_terms: archbishopric
glosses: The office or function of a bishop.
Related terms: see