cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
granfalloon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: 'grăn.fəʹlo͞on
ipa: /ˌɡɹæn.fəˈluːn/
rhymes: -uːn
Forms: form: granfalloons
Etymology: Coined by American writer Kurt Vonnegut in 1963, in the novel Cat's Cradle, in which Vonnegut described the term as referencing a false karass, or "a proud and meaningless association of human beings"; later adopted by market researchers and social scientists.
Senses: examples: text: Gamers are nothing but members of an enormous granfalloon. The word [gamers] totally fails to accurately describe anything about a person when it comes to capturing their interests in interactive entertainment, and yet many gaming enthusiasts cling to the term and make it a facet of their identity.
ref: 2012, Ryan Rigney, “Celebrity Nintendo Ads Offend the Gamer Granfalloon”, in Wired:
text: While he called West Tisbury pride a “granfalloon” he also admitted to being unable to live in any other town.
ref: 2017, Vivian Ewing, “Like it Was Yesterday, West Tisbury Celebrates 125 Years”, in Vineyard Gazette:
glosses: A group of two or more people who imagine or are manipulated to believe they share a connection based on some circumstance of little or no real significance.
granfalloons
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of granfalloon
catharses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of catharsis
fly fishing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: flyfishing
form: fly-fishing
Senses: topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: A form of angling whereby the weight of the line is used to cast a lure visually resembling a fly.
cavalierly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more cavalierly
form: most cavalierly
Etymology: From cavalier + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Louis's brow wore its deepest gloom as he said, "There are few in yonder room who would so cavalierly reject my love."
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter II, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 25:
text: He had, he felt, treated Mrs Hubbard rather cavalierly.
ref: 1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 14, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 175:
text: Far from marking the outer edge of the solar system, as those school-room maps so cavalierly imply, Pluto is barely one fifty-thousandth of the way.
ref: 2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything: Black Swan, page 46:
glosses: In a cavalier manner.
Synonyms: superciliously
haughtily
disdainfully
curtly
brusquely
dry fly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dry flies
Senses: topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: A fly used in fly fishing, designed to float in or on the surface of the water
Coordinate terms: wet fly
codhead
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: codheads
Etymology: From cod + -head, owing to the prevalence of fishing in the area of North Shields, River Tyne and the Headland area of Hartlepool and Whitby.
Senses: glosses: A person from North Shields, a town in Tyne and Wear, in the northeast of England.
glosses: A person from Grimsby, a fishing town in Lincolnshire, in the north of England.
glosses: A person from Whitby, a town in North Yorkshire, in the northeast of England.
glosses: A person from Fleetwood, a town in the northwest of Lancashire.
North Shields
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌnɔːθ ˈʃiːldz/
Senses: glosses: A town in Tyne and Wear, England, on the north bank of the Tyne.
Related terms: South Shields
cayenne
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kaɪˈɛn/
ipa: /keɪˈɛn/
ipa: /ˈkaɪ.ɛn/
ipa: /ˈkeɪ.ɛn/
ipa: /ˈkaɪ.æn/
rhymes: -ɛn
Forms: form: cayennes
Senses: examples: text: What's the difference between a cayenne and a jalapeno?
text: His barbecue sauce could use a hint of cayenne to heat it up a bit.
coordinate_terms: jalapeño
glosses: Ellipsis of cayenne pepper.
examples: text: We speak ill of our neighbours, not from ill-nature, but idleness; satire is only the cayenne of conversation:...
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIV, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 316:
glosses: Spice or verve.
glosses: A strong red-orange colour, like the cayenne pepper.
Derived terms: cayenned
Haitian Creole
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: synonyms: Haitian
glosses: A language spoken in Haiti; developed first as a creole based on French and several West African languages.
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Haitian Creole terms
zoonotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌzəʊ.əˈnɒ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzuː.əˈnɒ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzuːˈnɒ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzoʊ.əˈnɑ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzu.əˈnɑ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzuˈnɑ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzɐʉ.ɘˈnɔ.tɘk/
ipa: /ˌzʉ.ɘˈnɔ.tɘk/
ipa: /ˌzʉˈnɔ.tɘk/
Etymology: From zoonosis + -otic.
Senses: examples: text: Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola. A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.
ref: 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
text: According to Prof Andre and many other experts, increased travel, the spread of mega cities and humanity’s gradual intrusion into more and more report areas means the chances of zoonotic “spillover” events like Covid are becoming more and more likely.
ref: 2024 June 21, Maeve Cullinan, Sarah Newey, “Has the pandemic made us sicker?”, in The Daily Telegraph:
glosses: relating to, or having a zoonosis
Derived terms: endozoonotic
nonzoonotic
protozoonotic
zoonotically
zoonotic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌzəʊ.əˈnɒ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzuː.əˈnɒ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzuːˈnɒ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzoʊ.əˈnɑ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzu.əˈnɑ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzuˈnɑ.tɪk/
ipa: /ˌzɐʉ.ɘˈnɔ.tɘk/
ipa: /ˌzʉ.ɘˈnɔ.tɘk/
ipa: /ˌzʉˈnɔ.tɘk/
Forms: form: zoonotics
Etymology: From zoonosis + -otic.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of zoonosis.
synonyms: word: zoonosis
attainder
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: attainders
form: attaindre
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman ataindre ("to reach"), with infinitives used as nouns being frequent in Law French. Doublet of attain and attinge.
Senses: examples: text: Grandpa Piper led thereto by the arm […] and himself thrust into a chair, to support the character of dummy to Henry's prearranged attainder.
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 139:
topics: law
glosses: The state a prisoner entered once a death sentence (usually for treason) had been issued; the state of being stripped of all civil rights.
examples: text: He lived from all attainder of suspects.
ref: c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v], line 32:
text: Some of the horses were registered under phony papers, their sires having been ruled off the track as doped or doctored. The hereditary attainder rule was very strict.
ref: 1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 230:
glosses: A stain; a state of dishonour or condemnation.
Derived terms: attaindered
Related terms: attaint
bill of attainder
attaint
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈteɪnt/
rhymes: -eɪnt
Forms: form: more attaint
form: most attaint
form: atteint
Etymology: From Middle English atteinte, from Old French ateint, past participle of ateindre; in some senses influenced by taint.
Senses: glosses: Convicted, attainted.
examples: text: My tender youth was never yet attaint
With any passion of inflaming love,
ref: 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:
glosses: Attainted; corrupted.
attaint
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈteɪnt/
rhymes: -eɪnt
Forms: form: attaints
form: attainting
form: attainted
form: attainted
form: atteint
Etymology: From Middle English atteinte, from Old French ateint, past participle of ateindre; in some senses influenced by taint.
Senses: examples: text: Tom Truth is attainted. All he has — not much — is forfeit to the king, and he is entitled to nothing but a traitorʼs death.
ref: 2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 216:
glosses: To subject to attainder; to condemn (someone) to death and extinction of all civil rights.
examples: text: CHARLES STUART. Attainted and proscribed by name and grade in his British regiment.
ref: 1929, William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury, New York: Vintage, published 1956, Appendix, p. 405:
glosses: To subject to calumny; to accuse of a crime or dishonour.
examples: text: Amoret right fearefull was and faint, / Lest she with blame her honor should attaint […].
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: Jem felt that his own character had been attainted; and that to many it might still appear suspicious.
ref: 1848, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 34, in Mary Barton:
glosses: To taint; to corrupt, sully.
attaint
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈteɪnt/
rhymes: -eɪnt
Forms: form: attaints
form: atteint
Etymology: From Middle English atteinte, from Old French ateint, past participle of ateindre; in some senses influenced by taint.
Senses: examples: text: This politic selection did not alter the fortune of the field, the challengers were still successful: one of their antagonists was overthrown, and both the others failed in the “attaint”, that is, in striking the helmet and shield of their antagonist firmly and strongly, with the lance held in a direct line, so that the weapon might break unless the champion was overthrown.
ref: 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:
text: At the moment of impact, the king’s eyes are open, his body braced for the atteint; he takes the blow perfectly, its force absorbed by a body securely armoured, moving in the right direction, moving at the right speed.
ref: 2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, Fourth Estate, published 2010, page 484:
glosses: A blow or strike, especially in jousting.
glosses: A wound on the leg of a horse caused by a blow.
topics: law
glosses: The giving of a false verdict by a jury; the conviction of such a jury, and the reversal of the verdict.
Derived terms: attaintment
unattaint
codheads
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of codhead
riffage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From riff + -age.
Senses: examples: text: One of the difficulties that plague conversations about industrial music is that the genre has come to include (to the chagrin and outright denial of some purists) anything from gentle synthesized droning to metal-inspired riffage.
ref: 2013, S. Alexander Reed, Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music, page 38:
glosses: guitar riffs
shoulder surfing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: head_nr: 1
qualifier: chiefly computer security
glosses: The use of direct observation, such as looking over someone's shoulder at an ATM, in order to obtain information.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
surfing
head_nr: 1
glosses: a technique in surfing requiring less skill, riding the wave lower down than its critical point
Related terms: shoulder surf
shoulder surfer
Valvettithurai
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A small coastal village on the northeast coast of the Jaffna Peninsula in Sri Lanka's north.
barbless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From barb + -less.
Senses: examples: text: We used barbless fishhooks in the catch-and-release stream, in order to minimize harm to the fish.
glosses: Lacking a barb.
glosses: Of a feather, lacking barbs.
Derived terms: barblessness
basalt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæs.ɒlt/
ipa: /ˈbæs.əlt/
ipa: /ˈbæs.ɔːlt/
ipa: /bəˈsɔlt/
ipa: /ˈbæs.ɔlt/
ipa: /ˈbeɪˌsɔlt/
ipa: /bəˈsɑlt/
ipa: /ˈbæs.ɑlt/
ipa: /ˈbeɪˌsɑlt/
ipa: /ˈbæs.ɑlt/
rhymes: -æsɒlt
rhymes: -æsəlt
rhymes: -æsɔːlt
Forms: form: basalts
Etymology: From Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”), b-x:n-O39
Senses: topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.
glosses: A type of unglazed pottery.
Hypernyms: molten rock
Hyponyms: flood basalt
Derived terms: alkali basalt
basaltic
basaltiform
basaltine
basaltoid
basaltware
metabasalt
metabasaltic
nonbasalt
picrobasalt
plateau basalt
trachybasalt
basaltic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From basalt + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter I, http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks16/1600641.txt
Even the beneficient rainfall had failed to attract animal life to the basaltic waste, and the genius of silence seemed to brood over all.
text: The island gains its geothermal heat from basaltic magma in the fissure systems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
ref: 2000, Tony Waltham, “Geyser watching”, in Geology Today, volume 16, number 3, page 97:
glosses: Of or pertaining to basalt.
Derived terms: basaltic magma
nonbasaltic
catch and release
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
glosses: A variety of angling where the fish are released after capture, as a conservation measure.
glosses: The immigration policy of releasing illegal immigrants while they await a hearing, rather than detaining them.
topics: law
glosses: The practice of a patent holding company buying a patent, offering a license to its members, and then selling or donating the patent after a certain period.
examples: text: "That's an order. And I want you to personally go into that clubhouse over there and arrest somebody." "For what?" "Something illegal, preferably. But anything will do. Catch and release is fine. Just . . . go catch. […]
ref: 2018, Derek B. Miller, American By Day, page 208:
text: "While it's catch-and-release for domestic terrorists in antifa and BLM, the people who breached the Capitol on January 6 are being abused. Some even being held for 23-hours-a-day ^([sic]) in solitary confinement," [Majorie Taylor] Greene said in May 2021.
ref: 2022, Nick Adams, The Most Dangerous President in History:
glosses: The practice by police of apprehending someone but then letting them go without making an arrest.
topics: archaeology
history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The practice of replacing artifacts in their original location after examining and cataloguing them.
wor lass
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wor lasses
Senses: examples: A cannit wait till A get back hyem te see wor lass
glosses: My wife or girlfriend.
we aye
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Forms: form: we aye !
form: wye aye
Senses: examples: text: We aye man!
glosses: A positive yes, of course.
Derived terms: we aye man
tramps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: trămp
ipa: /tɹæmps/
rhymes: -æmps
Senses: glosses: plural of tramp
tramps
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: trămp
ipa: /tɹæmps/
rhymes: -æmps
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of tramp
embalmer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: embalmers
Etymology: From embalm + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who embalms a corpse; a practitioner of mortuary science.
epidemiologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: epidemiologists
Etymology: From epidemiology + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.”
ref: 2013 January 24, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, United States: Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 09 Feb 2017, page 64:
text: “On the inside, it’s absolute chaos,” said one epidemiologist still employed at the CDC.
ref: 2025 February 23, Meg Tirrell, “‘Deadly consequences’: Health agencies reel from thousands of job cuts while critical research grants remain on hold”, in CNN:
topics: epidemiology
medicine
sciences
glosses: A scientist (often a medical doctor) who specializes in epidemiology.
Derived terms: neuroepidemiologist
pharmacoepidemiologist
Related terms: epidemiology
epidemiologic
epidemiological
epilog
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: epilogs
Senses: examples: text: With the exception of the XML and doctype declarations, what's allowed in a document's epilog of miscellaneous information is exactly what's allowed in the prolog: comments and processing instructions
ref: 2001, John E. Simpson, JustXML, Prentice Hall Professional, →ISBN, page 45:
glosses: Alternative spelling of epilogue.
episcopate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ɪˈpɪskəpət/
Forms: form: episcopates
Etymology: From Late Latin episcopatus, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “watching over”).
Senses: examples: text: The American Roman Catholic episcopate meets regularly.
glosses: Bishops seen as a group.
examples: text: Bishop Smith's episcopate ran for more than 30 years.
glosses: The tenure in office of a bishop.
glosses: A bishop's jurisdiction, the extent of his diocese.
Synonyms: bishopdom
bishophood
bishopric
episcopacy
episcopate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ɪˈpɪskəpət/
Forms: form: episcopates
form: episcopating
form: episcopated
form: episcopated
Etymology: From Late Latin episcopatus, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “watching over”).
Senses: glosses: To act as a bishop.
etiologic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of aetiologic.
Derived terms: etiologically
multietiologic
unbridgeable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unbridgeable
form: most unbridgeable
form: unbridgable
Etymology: From un- + bridge + -able.
Senses: examples: text: The gap between feather-assisted running and feather-assisted flying seemed evolutionarily unbridgeable. But now again the notion of ground-travel aerodynamics is being given some careful thought.
ref: 1988, David Quammen, The Flight of the Iguana:
glosses: Unable to be bridged or crossed; impossible to span.
etiological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˌiːtɪəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/
Forms: form: more etiological
form: most etiological
form: aetiological
form: ætiological
Etymology: From etiology + -ical.
Senses: glosses: Relating to an etiology
Derived terms: monoetiological
multietiological
nonetiological
oligoetiological
pathoetiological
polyetiological
etiologically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: aetiologically
form: ætiologically
Etymology: From etiologic + -ally.
Senses: glosses: In an etiological manner; determined on an etiological basis.
Derived terms: polyetiologically
Zaparoan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An endangered language family of Peru and Ecuador.
Related terms: Andoa
Arabela
Záparo
evangelicalism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: evangelicalisms
Etymology: From evangelical + -ism.
Senses: topics: Christianity
glosses: Lutheranism and continental Calvinism.
topics: Christianity
glosses: Contemporary Protestant movement based on energetic proselytism and a renewed focus on the Bible and in the belief in its inerrancy.
qualifier: imprecise
glosses: Christian fundamentalism.
examples: text: Islamic evangelicalism helped win over Iberian notables […]
ref: 2010, Timothy Parsons, The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fall, page 108:
topics: Islam
lifestyle
religion
qualifier: by analogy
glosses: Islamic movements which are based on preaching and proselytism (dawah).
Derived terms: open evangelicalism
Related terms: evangel
evangelic
evangelical
evangelically
evangelise
evangeliser
evangelist
evangelistic
evangelistical
evangelistically
evangelize
evangelizer
inerrant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈɛɹənt/
Etymology: From in- + errant.
Senses: examples: text: He questions the tenability of regarding the Scriptures as inerrant, since no original copies exist.
glosses: Exhibiting inerrancy; without error.
Derived terms: inerrantism
inerrantist
inerrantly
Andoa
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A probably extinct Zaparoan language, spoken in Peru.
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Andoa terms
Arabela
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A Zaparoan language, spoken in Peru.
Záparo
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A Zaparoan language, spoken in Peru and Ecuador.
Lutheranism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Lutheran + -ism; eponym from Martin Luther.
Senses: glosses: The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.
Hypernyms: Protestantism
Meronyms: pietism
Related terms: Lutheran
heor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: here
heor
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: "Heor man, ye radgie!"
glosses: here
fauvism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From French fauvisme, attributed to by French art critic Louis Vauxcelles.
Senses: examples: text: Paris had been the birthplace of the Modernist sensibility during the latter half of the previous century, when its cafés, studios and tolerant atmosphere helped nurture the symbolist school in poetry and impressionism in painting. By the start of the First World War, it had sheltered fauvism, cubism, expressionism, vorticism, and a host of other splinter movements through which the emerging culture gradually took shape.
ref: 1999, Daniel J. Singal, William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist, Univ of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 71:
glosses: An artistic movement of the first decade of the 20th century which emphasized spontaneity and the use of extremely bright colors.
Mandinka
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /manˈdɪŋkə/
Forms: form: Mandinkas
form: Mandinka
form: Mandingo
Etymology: From Mandinka Mandinka (“someone from Mande”), from Mandiŋ (“Mande”) + -ka (“inhabitant suffix”).
Senses: glosses: A member of a particular people of West Africa.
Mandinka
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /manˈdɪŋkə/
Forms: form: Mandingo
Etymology: From Mandinka Mandinka (“someone from Mande”), from Mandiŋ (“Mande”) + -ka (“inhabitant suffix”).
Senses: glosses: The language spoken by these people, of the Mandé group of the Niger-Congo language family.
Related terms: Wiktionary’s coverage of Mandinka terms
therapize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /ˈθɛɹəpaɪz/
Forms: form: therapizes
form: therapizing
form: therapized
form: therapized
form: therapise
Etymology: From therapy + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: "Dora, I'm sayin' this with all the love in my heart: you are not a therapist. Do not attempt to therapize your employees."
ref: 2023, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), 5178: Stolen Valor:
glosses: To subject (someone) to therapy, especially to psychotherapy.
tri-band
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: triband
Etymology: From tri- + band.
Senses: glosses: Of a mobile telephone: having a choice of three operating frequencies, allowing it to be used in Europe and North America.
Related terms: dual-band
quad-band
firewater
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: firewaters
Etymology: A calque of a Native American language term, probably Ojibwe ishkodewaaboo (“alcohol”), from ishkodew- (“fire”) + -aaboo (“liquid”, glossed in older works as “water”). A number of other Algonquian, Siouan and Athabaskan languages also refer to whiskey with compounds that mean "fire-water" (on which basis noted Algonquianist Leonard Bloomfield even reconstructed a Proto-Algonquian word for it, *eškwete·wa·po·wi, although this could not have existed). The motivation of the name is not entirely clear: It may refer to the “burning” feeling of ingesting high-proof alcohol. Low-quality spirits also often included ingredients such as pepper, tobacco juice, molasses, etc. Alternatively it may refer to the flammability of alcohol.
Non-alcohol-related senses are simply fire + water.
Senses: examples: text: High Jack had been drinking too much rum ever since we landed in Boca. You know how an Indian is—the palefaces fixed his clock when they introduced him to firewater.
ref: 1909, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “He Also Serves”, in Options:
text: Four polite Englishmen in their middle 20s, feigning like firewater drunks in a Eugene O'Neill play: it's exactly the stuff that makes their detractors groan.
ref: 2012 November 15, Tom Lamont, “How Mumford & Sons became the biggest band in the world”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: word: adult beverage
word: alcohol
word: bevvy
word: booze
word: carouse
word: drink
raw_tags: in context
word: grog
word: libation
word: liquor
word: lush
word: nightcap
word: potation
word: potent potable
word: sauce
word: shot
word: strong-water
word: tiddly
word: tincture
word: tipple
glosses: High-proof alcoholic beverage, especially whiskey (especially in the context of its sale to or consumption by Native Americans).
examples: text: A continuously circulated firewater line supplies a deluge cooling system in each gathering center for fire containment.
ref: 1981, Energy Progress, page 205:
text: A break in a firewater line at BP Whiting Refinery caused water with an oil-like sheen to spread outside the refinery's walls along a section of Indianapolis Boulevard Tuesday night.
ref: 2015 March 18, Karen Caffarini, “Cause of line break unknown at BP”, in Post-Tribune:
topics: business
manufacturing
glosses: Water for use in firefighting.
glosses: High-temperature hydraulic condensate discharged from industrial boilers.
glosses: Synonym of alkahest.
synonyms: word: alkahest
Related terms: fire hose
standpipe
twonk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /twɒŋk/
rhymes: -ɒŋk
Forms: form: twonks
Etymology: Blend of twit + plonker
Senses: examples: text: You dozy little twonk, Rodney. You bang again on the roof of my van like that and it won't be Frankie Goes to Hollywood, it'll be Rodney goes to hospital.
ref: 1985, Only Fools and Horses (TV series), "It's Only Rock and Roll" (episode)
text: The absolute state of you, Downey, you utter twonk. Like you have anything to do with the outcome of the bloody match! You need to confine this superstition malarkey to a flaming skip.
ref: 2015 February 11, Trev Downey, “Reasons to Believe”, in The Liverpool Offside:
glosses: A stupid person.
examples: text: What twonk you are talking!
glosses: Nonsense; rubbish.
twonk
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /twɒŋk/
rhymes: -ɒŋk
Forms: form: twonks
form: twonking
form: twonked
form: twonked
Etymology: Possibly onomatopoeic
Senses: glosses: To hit or slap.
upskill
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: upskills
form: upskilling
form: upskilled
form: upskilled
Etymology: From up- + skill.
Senses: examples: text: For companies, reskilling and upskilling strategies will be critical if they are to find the talent they need and to contribute to socially responsible approaches to the future of work.
ref: 2018 January, “Towards a Reskilling Revolution: A Future of Jobs”, in World Economic Forum:
text: "We've also invested £500,000 in new machinery in the last two years, including the engraving machine, so that we can bring £250,000 worth of work in-house that we previously sub-contracted. That's great news for us as it means we have upskilled people and can offer more security of employment."
ref: 2020 May 6, Paul Stephen, “Britain's bravest thinks big”, in Rail, page 61:
synonyms: skill up
glosses: To teach (someone) additional skills, especially as an alternative to redundancy (firing).
glosses: To acquire such additional skills.
Related terms: deskill
reskill
semiskilled
semi-skilled
skill issue
unskilled
upskilling
skilled
upgrade
upskilling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: It could also incorporate the upskilling of existing staff to meet in-demand industry skills.
ref: 2023 March 8, Neil Robertson, “Tackling the skills shortage”, in RAIL, number 978, page 33:
glosses: present participle and gerund of upskill
selkie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: selkies
form: silkie
Etymology: From Scots selkie fowk (“seal folk”).
Senses: qualifier: Celtic mythology
glosses: A seal which can magically transform into a human by shedding its skin.
glosses: A common, harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), or grey seal (Halichoerus grypus).
hairdryer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hairdryers
form: hair drier
form: hair-drier
form: hairdrier
form: hair dryer
form: hair-dryer
Etymology: From hair + dryer.
Senses: glosses: A small electrical appliance for drying hair, by generating a stream of hot air.
Synonyms: sense: appliance for drying hair
word: blow-dryer
sense: appliance for drying hair
word: blow dryer
sense: appliance for drying hair
word: blowdryer
Derived terms: hairdryer treatment
haunts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of haunt
haunts
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of haunt
veracious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /vəˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/
rhymes: -eɪʃəs
homophone: voracious
Forms: form: more veracious
form: most veracious
Etymology: From Latin verac- + -ious, stem of vērāx (“truthful”), from vērus (“true”).
Senses: examples: text: The politician's statement was eventually proven to be veracious.
text: "It were against all rules, whether of history or romance—whether I look to my grandfather Henri Quatre, or to the less veracious chronicles of Scuderi, and copy Oroondates—to depart without some favour."
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 321:
synonyms: veridical
antonyms: false
falsidical
glosses: True.
examples: text: Now there are two curious circumstances to be observed in this relation of my uncle's, who was, as I have said, a perfectly veracious man.
ref: 1864, Sheridan Le Fanu, Wicked Captain Walshawe, of Wauling:
synonyms: veridical
antonyms: dishonest
falsidical
glosses: Truthful; speaking the truth.
Derived terms: unveracious
veraciously
veraciousness
Related terms: veracity
headsman
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: headsmen
Etymology: From Middle English heddysman, equivalent to head + -s- + -man. Cognate with Scots hedisman, heidisman (“head man; chief; commander”). Compare also Danish høvedsmand (“captain”), Swedish hövitsman (“captain”), Icelandic höfuðsmaður (“captain”), German Hauptmann (“captain”).
Senses: glosses: A chief person; a head man
examples: text: And of those base-minded jesters or buffons, some have beene seene, that even at the point of death would never leave their jesting and scoffing. He whom the heads-man threw off from the Gallowes cried out, ‘Row the Gally,’ which was his ordinarie by-word.
ref: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 40, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
text: And made him Headsman, for we said, / "Who's next to be decapited / Cannot cut off another's head / Until he's cut his own off[…]"
ref: 1885, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert; Arthur Sullivan, composer, […] The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu, London: Chappel & Co., […], →OCLC:
glosses: An executioner whose method of dispatching the condemned is decapitation.
topics: business
mining
glosses: A labourer in a colliery who transports the coal from the workings to the horseway, and who is oftentimes assisted by a younger worker called a foal.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: One in command of a whaling vessel.
Synonyms: sense: one who executes via decapitation
word: beheader
sense: one who executes via decapitation
word: decapitator
long paddock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: However, Bradford insists life on the long paddock is nowhere near as wild as it was at the height of the drought, when the routes were crawling with hungry stock and often being closed to prevent overgrazing.
ref: 2004 April 10, “Time′s up for the long paddock”, in Sydney Morning Herald:
text: With no grass to eat at home, cattle are heading for the abattoirs or are going droving down the long paddock.
ref: 2006, The Bulletin, numbers 6536-6544, page 18:
text: As a last resource Dad had got the 2000 sheep he′d been able to save in a black soil paddock beside the road ready to go on the track and follow ‘the long paddock’ with them².
ref: 2006, Marion Houldsworth, From Gulf to God Knows Where, page 53:
text: ‘Smokey, do you think Dad will still go up the long paddock with our cattle?’ asked Angus as we neared the school.
ref: 2011, Clancy Tucker, Gunnedah Hero, unnumbered page:
glosses: The grass verge of a public road, used as a source of pasture for cattle, sheep, etc, in times of drought; the stock route to market.
headstone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛdstoʊn/
Forms: form: headstones
Etymology: From head + stone.
Senses: examples: text: He called the contractor and ordered a replacement headstone with a new inscription.
ref: 2020, Akwaeke Emezi, The Death of Vivek Oji, Faber & Faber Ltd, page 227:
glosses: A gravestone, a grave marker: a monument traditionally made of stone placed at the head of a grave.
glosses: The cornerstone or principal stone of a building.
Derived terms: headstoned
Related terms: footstone
menhir
through-stone
footstone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfʊtstoʊn/
Forms: form: footstones
Etymology: From foot + stone.
Senses: glosses: A gravestone placed at the foot of a grave; typically smaller than a headstone, and frequently resembling a large cobblestone.
helices
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of helix
hematologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hematologists
form: haematologist
Etymology: From hematology + -ist.
Senses: glosses: A scientist, usually a medical doctor, who specializes in hematology.
Derived terms: immunohematologist
varicosity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: varicosities
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin varicōsitās, from varicōsus, from varix (“varicose vein”).
Senses: glosses: An enlarged vessel or nerve, particularly a blood vessel.
glosses: A varicose vein.
glosses: The tortuousness, and the degree thereof, of a set of varicose veins.
Derived terms: rectal varicosity
perianal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From peri- + anal.
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to the areas immediately around the anus.
Derived terms: perianally
hemorrhoid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɛməɹɔɪd/
ipa: /ˈhɛmɹɔɪd/
Forms: form: hemorrhoids
form: haemorrhoid
form: hæmorrhoid
Etymology: From Middle English emerowdes, emeroides, emeroydez, from Old French emorroides, from Latin haemorrhoidae, from Ancient Greek αἱμορροΐς (haimorrhoḯs),
a feminine adjective from αἱμόρροος (haimórrhoos, “flowing with blood”), from αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) and the root of ῥέω (rhéō, “flow”). Doublet of emerod.
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: An engorged, dilated and easily broken varicosity in the perianal area, often accompanied by intense itching and throbbing pain: piles.
Derived terms: external hemorrhoid
hemorrhoidal
hemorrhoidectomy
internal hemorrhoid
bush week
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bush weeks
Etymology: Apparently from an actual attempt to organise a Bush Festival in Sydney in 1919; the idea then being extended to the present figurative use.
Senses: examples: What do you think this is, bush week? (= What do you take me for? / Do you think I'm an idiot?)
What do you think this is, bush week? (= Why are you not working? / why are you not doing what I asked you to do?)
glosses: An imagined or symbolic time when assumedly unsophisticated people from the countryside come to the city, likely to be preyed on by tricksters there, or who are unaware of social norms in the city.
herniate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɜː(ɹ)nieɪt/
Forms: form: herniates
form: herniating
form: herniated
form: herniated
Senses: examples: text: When the small intestine herniates into the groin, one has an inguinal hernia.
glosses: Of a tissue, structure, or part of an organ: to protrude through the muscular tissue or the membrane by which it is normally contained, causing a hernia.
stage-diving
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stage-divings
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of stage diving.
stage-diving
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of stage-dive
Botany Bay dozen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Botany Bay dozens
Senses: examples: text: If guilty, he is taken to a cart-wheel to receive a Botany Bay dozen, which is twenty-five lashes ;[…].
ref: 1893, Frank Murcott Bladen, Historical Records of New South Wales: Papers Relating to Grose and Paterson, 1793-1795, volume 2, page 796:
text: “Will they be strung up for a Botany Bay dozen like we are if we so much as squeak? Not those fine gentlemen, with their uniforms an' their pockets full o' gold!”
ref: 1948, Eleanor Dark, Storm of Time, Collins, published 1963, page 58:
text: He gave a harsh snort and said angrily, “A Botany Bay dozen is not twelve. It's twenty-five, and more than capable of exposing a man's backbone.”
ref: 2003, Mary Hawkins, Australian Outback: Four Journeys to a New Country Ride on the Wings of Faith and Love, page 47:
glosses: 25 lashes, i.e. strokes of a whip across a person's back as a punishment.
Synonyms: tester
believable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈliːvəbl̩/
Forms: form: more believable
form: believabler
form: most believable
form: believablest
Etymology: From Middle English bilevable, beleevable, equivalent to believe + -able.
Senses: examples: text: believable answer
text: believable account
text: believable story
text: So far as cartoons are concerned these days, nothing—not even sewage works—is sacred, and everything is thereby readabler and believabler.
ref: 1953 February, American Water Works Association, “Percolation and Runoff”, in Journal, volume 45, number 2, Denver, Colo., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 40, columns 1–2:
text: Blanche’s quavering voice and fluttering hands are indispensable elements that make it easy for her to be played in a pat and stiff manner, but Fischer has tapped deeper qualities in this acutely neurotic but tragic antiheroine to make her not only believabler, but sympathetic as well.
ref: 1974 November 8, Robert LaBrasca, “‘Streetcar’ good show despite poor staging”, in The Capital Times, volume 115, number 126, Madison, Wis., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14, column 1:
text: Like Dr Crane, I too dreamt of the day when I might see my name staring back at me in Easons, and it’s scarcely believable that the day has come. Even scarcerly believabler is the way it came about.
ref: 2013, Paddy Duffy, “Introduction”, in Did That Actually Happen? A Journey Through Ridiculous Moments in Irish Politics, Dublin: Hachette Books Ireland, →ISBN, page 1:
glosses: Capable of being believed; credible.
Synonyms: plausible
Derived terms: believably
believeableness
unbelievable
Related terms: believability
straying
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: Wire netting has been erected in many places to stop straying animals, and most of the level crossing gates are locked and broken.
ref: 1951 February, “Notes and News: Lynton & Barnstaple Remains”, in Railway Magazine, page 136:
glosses: present participle and gerund of stray
straying
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: strayings
Senses: examples: text: The soul is described as a dove who once nested in God's protective shade, and her strayings from the straight and narrow are portrayed as a descent into the defiling world of corporeality[…]
ref: 2002, Adena Tanenbaum, The Contemplative Soul:
glosses: The act of one who strays; deviation or sin, often sexual infidelity.
influencing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: influencings
Senses: examples: text: My own, my human mind, which passively
Now renders and receives fast influencings,
ref: 1816, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mont Blanc, part 2 lines 26-67
glosses: influence
influencing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of influence
bereaved
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈɹiːvd/
Forms: form: more bereaved
form: most bereaved
Senses: examples: text: bereaved relatives
text: Perversely, we love John Wick himself. That lethal, bereaved assassin is a good bad guy for our times, the natural extension of Tony Soprano, Walter White and all the other heroic antiheroes the culture has embraced.
ref: 2023 March 14, Caryn James, “John Wick: Chapter 4: 'Soars above most action films'”, in BBC:
synonyms: word: distraught
word: griefful
word: grief-struck
word: heartsore
word: mournful
word: agonised
word: tortured
glosses: having suffered the death of a loved one
Derived terms: nonbereaved
unbereaved
bereaved
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈɹiːvd/
Senses: synonyms: bereft
glosses: simple past and past participle of bereave
announcing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of announce
adapting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of adapt
wiping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwaɪpɪŋ/
rhymes: -aɪpɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of wipe
wiping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwaɪpɪŋ/
rhymes: -aɪpɪŋ
Forms: form: wipings
Senses: examples: multiple wipings of a computer's hard disk
glosses: The act by which something is wiped.
examples: analysis of wipings taken from a suspect's hands
glosses: Material wiped off something.
glosses: A thrashing.
neglecting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of neglect
Derived terms: neglectingly
ptilochronology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From ptilo- + chronology; coined by Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Senses: glosses: The study of feather growth rates as an index of nutritional condition in birds
Related terms: ptilochronological
sleeps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sliːps/
rhymes: -iːps
Senses: glosses: plural of sleep
sleeps
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /sliːps/
rhymes: -iːps
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of sleep
dwells
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dwɛlz/
rhymes: -ɛlz
Senses: glosses: plural of dwell
dwells
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dwɛlz/
rhymes: -ɛlz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of dwell
affirmed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of affirm
selkies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of selkie
get one's knickers in a twist
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɡɛt wʌnz ˈnɪ.kəz ɪn‿ə ˈtwɪst/
ipa: /ˌɡɪt wʌnz ˈnɪ.kɚz ɪn‿ə ˈtwɪst/
rhymes: -ɪst
Forms: form: gets one's knickers in a twist
form: getting one's knickers in a twist
form: got one's knickers in a twist
form: got one's knickers in a twist
Senses: examples: text: Swiss bank gets knickers in a twist over dress code guidelines [title]
ref: 2011 January 17, “Swiss bank gets knickers in a twist over dress code guidelines”, in The Guardian, sourced from Associated Press, →ISSN:
synonyms: get one's knickers in a knot
get one's panties in a bunch
get one's panties in a wad
get one's panties in a pretzel
get one's shorts in a knot
get one's undies in a bundle
glosses: To become overwrought or unnecessarily upset over a trivial matter.
Related terms: get one's tits in a wringer
nose out of joint
Anzac biscuit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Anzac biscuits
Etymology: Associated with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) established in World War I.
Senses: glosses: A biscuit made from oats, coconut and golden syrup.
jello shooter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: jello shooters
Senses: glosses: An alcoholic snack served at parties, nightclubs or bars, made from Jell-O but substituting vodka or rum for all or part of the water. Normally cut into small cubes (~1.5 oz.) or frozen and sold individually.
exempli gratia
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin exemplī grātiā.
Senses: examples: text: Exempli gratiâ, the venerable London Stone of many fables.
ref: 1869, Richard F[rancis] Burton, Explorations of the Highlands of the Brazil; with a Full Account of the Gold and Diamond Mines. Also, Canoeing Down 1500 miles of the Great River São Francisco, from Sabará to the Sea., volume I, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], page 172:
text: Even if the respondents had been liable for their administration to the same extent as private trustees, I should still have thought that it was not only within the competency, but that it was the duty of the Court, before pronouncing any decree, to consider how far the respondents might be entitled to recoup themselves, by taking, exempli gratia, the furniture of the school, or by accumulating the future income of these bequests, and what effect their so doing might have upon the efficient maintenance of the school.
ref: 1886, A. P. Stone, editor, The Law Reports. […] Appeal Cases before the House of Lords and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Also Peerage Cases., volume XI, London: […] for the Council of Law Reporting by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, […], page 324:
text: See, exempli gratia, the encyclical of Leo XIII on the occasion of the third centennial of the Blessed Canisius, who organized, with Emperor Ferdinand, the first merciless repression of the Reformation in Austria.
ref: 1917 March–April, Alfredo Taglialatela, “The Church of Rome and Morality”, in William V. Kelley, editor, The Methodist Review, volume XCIX, number 2 (whole 544) / fifth series, volume XXXIII, number 2, New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Oh.: The Methodist Book Concern, page 213:
text: There is not enough for certainty, but I set out below a possible scheme, exempli gratia.
ref: 1967, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik [Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy], page 78:
english: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy
translation: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy
synonyms: e.g.
glosses: For the sake of an example.
aks
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /æks/
ipa: /ɑːks/
rhymes: -æks
rhymes: -ɑːks
Forms: form: aks
form: akses
form: aksing
form: aksed
form: aksed
Etymology: From Old English acsian (“ask”); see ax for more.
Senses: examples: text: AKS, ask.
ref: 1865, William Stott Banks, A List of Provincial Words in Use at Wakefield in Yorkshire, London: J.R.Smith, page 3:
text: Another thing, kid, don't aks me no more questions tonight.
ref: 2004, Larry Dean Hamilton, A Gathering of Angels, page 132:
qualifier: African-American Vernacular; Bermuda; Maori English and Ireland; African-American Vernacular; Bermuda; Maori English and Ireland
glosses: To ask.