cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
nonage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnəʊnɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈnoʊnəd͡ʒ/
rhymes: (UK) -əʊnɪdʒ
Forms: form: nonages
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman nounage, corresponding to non- + age.
Senses: examples: text: His vvarlike vvife Simeramis, her huſband being dead, / And ſonne in nonage, faining him ſhe ruled in his ſtéede: / Delating in a males attire the Empire nevve begonne: / The vvhich, his yeares admitting it, ſhe yealded to her ſonne.
ref: 1586, William Warner, “The First. Chapter I.”, in Albions England. Or Historicall Map of the Same Island: […], London: […] George Robinson [and R. Ward] for Thomas Cadman, […], →OCLC, page 2:
text: In him there is a hope of government, / That in his nonage council under him, / And in his full and ripen'd years himself, / No doubt, shall then and till then govern well.
ref: c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:
text: c. 1608, John Donne, A Litany, stanza VI, "The Angels" in The Poems of John Donne, edited by Edmund Kerchever Chambers, London: Lawrence & Bullen, 1896, http://www.bartleby.com/357/111.html
And since this life our nonage is, / And we in wardship to Thine angels be, / Native in heaven's fair palaces / Where we shall be but denizen'd by Thee;
text: The other he used to recreate himself with, after he had been solemnly Contracted to his intended Spouse who was in her Nonage, and kept her till his Wife was ripe for Consummation.
ref: 1723, Charles Walker, Memoirs of the Life of Sally Salisbury:
text: Romancers, from Time's nonage, have invented and have manipulated a host of staple severances for their puppet lovers […]
ref: 1917, James Cabell, chapter 39, in The Cream of the Jest, New York: Modern Library, published 1922, page 235:
text: Which appeal caused but a strange dumb gesturing and gurgling in Billy; amazement at such an accusation so suddenly sprung on inexperienced nonage […]
ref: 1888–1891, Herman Melville, “[Billy Budd, Foretopman.] Chapter XVII.”, in Billy Budd and Other Stories, London: John Lehmann, published 1951, →OCLC:
glosses: The state of being under legal age; minority, the fact of being a minor.
nonage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnəʊnɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈnoʊnəd͡ʒ/
rhymes: (UK) -əʊnɪdʒ
Forms: form: nonages
Etymology: From Late Latin nonagium, from nōnus (“ninth”).
Senses: glosses: A payment formerly made to the parish clergy upon the death of a parishioner, consisting of a ninth of the movable goods.
biosphere
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbaɪəʊˌsfɪə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: biospheres
Etymology: Borrowed from German Biosphäre, coined by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess in 1875. By surface analysis, bio + sphere.
Senses: glosses: The part of the Earth and its atmosphere capable of supporting life.
examples: text: Patavig is the second of the Macedon system's giant terrestrial planets, and by far the more interesting. Most of the surface is covered by a vast sea of liquid ammonia, in which a unique aquatic ammonia-based biosphere has developed. While the frozen continents are largely bereft of life, a rich bounty of complex organisms — many larger than a human — flourish in the chilly, toxic seas.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Patavig:
glosses: The totality of living organisms and their environment.
Hypernyms: sphere
Hyponyms: deep biosphere
Derived terms: abiosphere
biospherian
Related terms: biospheric
biospherical
ecosystem
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/
ipa: /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Forms: form: ecosystems
Etymology: From eco- + system. Coined by English botanist Arthur Tansley in 1935 in a paper titled The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts in the journal Ecology.
Senses: examples: text: Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
ref: 2012 January 24, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 26 Jan 2012, page 70:
glosses: A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
glosses: The interconnectedness of organisms (plants, animals, microbes) with each other and their environment.
examples: text: The company’s ecosystem mainly comprises its supply chain, customers, end consumers and competitors.
text: It [The Kashmir Files] is being described by the leftist “liberal” ecosystem as a movie that peddles bigotry against Muslims.
ref: 2022 March 21, Rahul Shivshankar, “The real reason why the Left eco-system has launched a scurrilous attack on the movie Kashmir Files”, in Times of India:
text: There is a certain duality in how the Hindutva ecosystem is pushing the anti-hijab discourse into the mainstream.
ref: 2022 February 17, Angshuman Choudhury, Suraj Gogoi, “Hijab ban: How some liberals are sleepwalking into the trap set by Hindutva nationalists”, in Scroll.in:
text: Money mules play an important role in the scam ecosystem primarily to get money out of Singapore to the foreign syndicates and facilitate scams.
ref: (Can we date this quote?), “CDSA and CMA Bill Amendments”, in Singapore Police Force:
text: The result, as Maria Farrell and Robin Berjon put it in a striking essay in Noema magazine, is that our online spaces are no longer open ecosystems.
ref: 2024 May 4, John Naughton, “The internet is in decline – it needs rewilding”, in The Guardian:
glosses: A network of interconnected people, organizations, products or services that resembles a natural ecosystem due to the complex interdependencies.
Hypernyms: system
Derived terms: agroecosystem
ecosystem engineer
ecosystemic
geoecosystem
macroecosystem
mesoecosystem
metaecosystem
microecosystem
palaeoecosystem
paleoecosystem
technoecosystem
misuse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈjuːs/
rhymes: -uːs
Forms: form: misuses
Etymology: From mis- + use (noun).
Senses: examples: text: The Queen may be celebrating her jubilee but the Queen's English Society, which has railed against the misuse and deterioration of the English language, is to fold.
ref: 2012 June 4, Lewis Smith, “Queen’s English Society says enuf is enough, innit?: Society formed 40 years ago to protect language against poor spelling and grammar closes because too few people care”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 10 Mar 2016:
glosses: An incorrect, improper or unlawful use of something.
misuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈjuːs/
rhymes: -uːs
ipa: /mɪsˈjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
ipa: /mɪsˈjuːs/
rhymes: -uːs
Forms: form: misuses
form: misusing
form: misused
form: misused
form: misust
form: misust
Etymology: From mis- + use (verb).
Senses: glosses: To use (something) incorrectly.
glosses: To abuse or mistreat (something or someone).
examples: text: “If that is true she would be the first case I have ever heard of, as most female captives are misused by the entire tribe.”
ref: 2013, Philipp Meyer, The Son, Simon & Schuster, published 2014, page 326:
glosses: To rape (a woman); later more generally, to sexually abuse (someone).
examples: text: Socrates was brought upon the stage by Aristophanes, and misused to his face: but he laughed, as if it concerned him not […].
ref: 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 7:
glosses: To abuse verbally, to insult.
Derived terms: misuser
dating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdeɪt.ɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪtɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of date
mounted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmaʊntɪd/
rhymes: -aʊntɪd
Etymology: From mount + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: The mounted cavalry rode into town.
glosses: On horseback.
glosses: Furnished; supplied.
Hyponyms: wall-mounted
network-mounted
vehicle-mounted
Derived terms: flush mounted
mounted infantry
mounted police
Mountie
mountie
Mounties
nonmounted
pad-mounted
rack-mounted
surface mounted
surface mounted technology
track-mounted
mounted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmaʊntɪd/
rhymes: -aʊntɪd
Etymology: From mount + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: As soon as I was mounted, holding on to Dogger's belt, the supervisor gave the word, and the party struck out at a bouncing trot...
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
text: the cross of the crucifixion or of Calvary, mounted on steps.
ref: 1880, Thomas Spencer Baynes, The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, page 696:
glosses: simple past and past participle of mount
threatened
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈθɹɛt.n̩d/
ipa: [ˈθɹɛʔ.n̩d]
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of threaten
threatened
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈθɹɛt.n̩d/
ipa: [ˈθɹɛʔ.n̩d]
Forms: form: more threatened
form: most threatened
Senses: examples: text: It is particularly desirable to obtain photographs of rural stations, both with and without a train, in view of the threatened wholesale closure of unremunerative branches throughout the country.
ref: 1952 February, H. C. Casserley, “Permanent Wayfarings”, in Railway Magazine, page 78:
topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: At risk of becoming endangered in the near future.
raw_tags: of an organism
glosses: Feeling insecure or vulnerable.
Derived terms: threatened abortion
threatened species
panda bear
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: panda bears
Senses: glosses: A giant panda.
sex-
Language: English
Part of speech: prefix
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin sex- (“six”).
Senses: glosses: A form of sexa-, meaning six.
Synonyms: hex-
hexa-
Derived terms: sextet
sexagenarian
sextuplet
sexdactyly
sextilis
trigonometric function
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: trigonometric functions
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
trigonometry
hypernyms: function
coordinate_terms: antitrigonometric function
hyperbolic function
hyponyms: cosine function
cotangent function
cosecant function
secant function
sine function
subsine function
tangent function
glosses: Any function of an angle expressible as the ratio of two of the sides of a right triangle that has that angle (e.g., sine), or that subtracts 1 from such a ratio or subtracts such a ratio from 1 (e.g., coversed sine).
cotangent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: 'kōtănjənt
ipa: /ˈkoʊˌtænd͡ʒənt/
Forms: form: cotangents
Etymology: From co- + tangent.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
trigonometry
glosses: In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the tangent of an angle. Symbols: cot, ctg, or ctn
Derived terms: arc cotangent
cothangent
hyperbolic cotangent
cosecant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kō'sēkənt
ipa: /ˈkoʊˌsiːkənt/
Forms: form: cosecants
Etymology: From co- + secant.
Senses: topics: mathematics
sciences
trigonometry
glosses: In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the sine of an angle. Symbols: cosec, csc
Derived terms: arccosecant
hyperbolic cosecant
polynomial equation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: polynomial equations
Senses: topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Any algebraic equation in which one or both sides are in the form of a polynomial.
algebraic equation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: algebraic equations
Senses: topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
glosses: A mathematical equation in which one or both sides is an algebraic expression, such as 2x + 7y = 3.
algebraic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/
ipa: /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹæɪ.ɪk/
rhymes: -eɪɪk
Forms: form: more algebraic
form: most algebraic
Etymology: Partly from algebra + -ic and partly from French algébraïque.
Senses: glosses: Of, or relating to, algebra.
topics: mathematics
sciences
qualifier: equation; or function; equation; or function
glosses: Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators.
raw_tags: of an expression
topics: algebra
mathematics
number-theory
sciences
glosses: Which is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational.
raw_tags: of a number
topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Whose every element is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational.
raw_tags: of a field
topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.
raw_tags: of notation
Hyponyms: sense: that is the root of some polynomial
word: quadratic number
Derived terms: word: algebraical
word: algebraically
word: algebraic analysis
word: algebraic closure
word: algebraic combinatorics
word: algebraic curve
word: algebraic data type
word: algebraic equation
word: algebraic extension
word: algebraic function
word: algebraic fundamental group
word: algebraic geometer
word: algebraic graph theory
word: algebraic group
word: algebraicity
word: algebraicize
word: algebraic K-theory
word: algebraicness
word: algebraic normal form
word: algebraic notation
word: algebraic number field
word: algebraic poset
word: algebraic statistics
word: algebraic subvariety
word: algebraic topology
word: algebraic variety
word: bialgebraic
word: coalgebraic
word: linear algebraic
word: linear algebraic group
word: nonalgebraic
word: semialgebraic
word: subalgebraic
word: superalgebraic
word: unalgebraic
sense: of or relating to algebra
word: algebraic geometry
sense: of or relating to algebra
word: algebraic number theory
sense: of or relating to algebra
word: algebraic structure
sense: that is a root of some polynomial
word: algebraic integer
sense: that is a root of some polynomial
word: algebraic number
arithmetic function
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: arithmetic functions
Senses: topics: mathematical-analysis
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Any function that is defined for all positive integers, and has values that are either real or complex.
transmittable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From transmit + -able.
Senses: examples: text: Had it mutated? Was it contagious? Transmittable to humans?
ref: 2021, Ruth Ozeki, The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books (2022), page 424:
glosses: Synonym of transmissible.
synonyms: word: transmissible
transmittal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: transmittals
Etymology: From transmit + -al.
Senses: glosses: The act of transmitting a message; a transmission.
topics: business
construction
manufacturing
glosses: An item of correspondence.
Coordinate terms: topics: construction
manufacturing
business
word: submittal
Derived terms: transmittal letter
Related terms: submittal
transmittance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: transmittances
Senses: glosses: A transmission.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The fraction of incident light, or other radiation, that passes through a substance.
hummer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʌmə(ɹ)
Forms: form: hummers
Senses: examples: text: The conspiracy rap was a hummer.
ref: 1967, Ross Macdonald, Archer in Hollywood, page 53:
text: She mentioned the cute little Eyetalian cop that booked her on a hummer.
ref: 2008, Joseph Wambaugh, The New Centurions:
glosses: An arrest on false pretexts.
transmittant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more transmittant
form: most transmittant
Senses: glosses: Of, or relating to a transmission.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: That passes through a substance.
raw_tags: of light or other radiation
transmitter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: transmitters
Etymology: From transmit + -er.
Senses: examples: text: Epinephrine and dopamine are two other catecholamine transmitters.
ref: 1988, Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd edition, page 1025:
text: Habituation and dishabituation allow for experience-dependent tuning of these reflexes and the mechanisms underlying these forms of behavioral plasticity involve changes in transmitter release from the sensory to motor neuron synapses through homosynaptic depression and the serotonin-mediated recovery from depression, respectively.
ref: 2015 August 29, “Decline in the Recovery from Synaptic Depression in Heavier Aplysia Results from Decreased Serotonin-Induced Novel PKC Activation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: One who or that which transmits something (in all senses).
glosses: An electronic device that generates and amplifies a carrier wave, modulates it with a meaningful signal derived from speech, music, TV or other sources, and broadcasts the resulting signal from an antenna.
Derived terms: arc transmitter
carbon transmitter
chemotransmitter
cotransmitter
emergency location transmitter
emergency locator transmitter
gaseotransmitter
gasotransmitter
gliotransmitter
infinity transmitter
multitransmitter
neurotransmitter
phosphotransmitter
radiotransmitter
radio transmitter
retransmitter
teletransmitter
modulate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɒd͡ʒɪleɪt/
ipa: /ˈmɒd͡ʒəˌleɪt/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˈmɑ.d͡ʒəˌleɪt/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˈmɑ.djuˌleɪt/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˈmɒd͡ʒɪˌleɪt/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˈmɒd͡ʒəˌleɪt/
ipa: /ˈmɔd͡ʒəˌlæɪt/
ipa: /ˈmɒd͡ʒəˌlæɪt/
Forms: form: modulates
form: modulating
form: modulated
form: modulated
Etymology: From Latin modulor (“to measure, regulate, modulate”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix), from modulus (“measure”); see modulus. Compare module. By surface analysis, modul(e) + -ate.
Senses: examples: text: "Can you tell?" she asked, in a trembling but well modulated and sensual voice.
ref: 1980 April 19, Andrea Loewenstein, “Random Lust”, in Gay Community News, page 10:
glosses: To regulate, adjust or adapt
To change the pitch, intensity or tone of one's voice or of a musical instrument
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: To regulate, adjust or adapt
to vary the amplitude, frequency or phase of a carrier wave in proportion to the amplitude etc of a source wave (such as speech or music)
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: To regulate, adjust or adapt
to move from one key or tonality to another, especially by using a chord progression
Derived terms: amplitude modulation
AM
angiomodulating
chronomodulated
comodulate
downmodulate
down-modulate
frequency modulation
FM
immunomodulate
immunomodulating
intermodulate
modulatable
modulation
modulative
modulatory
neuromodulate
nonmodulated
nonmodulating
overmodulate
phase modulation
premodulate
radiomodulated
radiomodulating
remodulate
unmodulated
upmodulate
Related terms: demodulate
modem
modulation
modulator
module
modulus
transmontane
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌtɹænz.mɒnˈteɪn/
ipa: /ˌtɹɑːnz.mɒnˈteɪn/
ipa: /ˌtɹænz.mɑnˈteɪn/
Etymology: From Latin trānsmontānus.
Senses: synonyms: tramontane
antonyms: cismontane
;
cisalpine
glosses: Of or relating to the other side of the mountains (usually with reference to the Alps).
Related terms: montane
tramontana
transmutability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: transmutabilities
Etymology: From transmute + -ability.
Senses: glosses: The ability to be transmuted.
transmutable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From transmute + -able.
Senses: glosses: able to be transmuted
transmutant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: of or relating to transmutation
glosses: having been transmuted
transmutation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹanzmjuːˈteɪʃn̩/
Forms: form: transmutations
Etymology: Late 14th century, from Old French transmutacion (“transformation, metamorphosis”), from Late Latin transmutationem, from Latin transmutare (“to change”).
Senses: glosses: Change, alteration.
examples: text: The transmutation of metals was secondary to the main aim, which was the spiritual transformation of the adept.
ref: 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 261:
topics: alchemy
pseudoscience
glosses: The conversion of one thing into something else; transformation.
The supposed transformation of one element into another, especially of a base metal into gold.
examples: text: Years later, scientists learned that the sun’s light—visible and invisible—is merely the by-product of a process alchemists had vainly tried to reproduce for centuries—the transmutation of one element into another. That nature accomplishes this before our very eyes, and that it is what creates the solar heat and light that supports all life, was suspected by no one. The revelation came as a complete surprise.
ref: 2017, Bob Berman, Zapped: From Infrared to X-rays, the Curious History of Invisible Light, Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 73:
glosses: The conversion of one thing into something else; transformation.
The actual transformation of one element into another by a nuclear reaction.
qualifier: nuclear physics
Related terms: nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
nucleosynthesis
nuclear reaction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nuclear reactions
Senses: glosses: A process such as the fission of an atomic nucleus, or the fusion of one or more atomic nuclei and/or subatomic particles in which the number of protons and/or neutrons in a nucleus changes; the reaction products may contain a different element or a different isotope of the same element.
confuzzled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more confuzzled
form: most confuzzled
Senses: glosses: Confused or puzzled.
confuzzled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of confuzzle.
woot
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of w00t.
snirt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /snɜː(ɹ)t/
Forms: form: snirts
form: snirting
form: snirted
form: snirted
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Either from Middle English snurten (“to sneer; snort, snore”), a variation of snorten (“to snort”); or from Middle English *snyrten, an alteration of fnyrten, fnerten, from Old English fnǣrettan. Compare also Norwegian snurt (“vexed, peevish”), Middle English snirt (“stern, gloomy”).
Senses: examples: text: "He grins, and snirts, and thraws ye ken —
ref: 1833, Anonymous, writing in The Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Political Journal, page 575, "Willie and Pate"
roman: I maist could die, wi' laughin."
text: "But ye see there was a great deal of blushing and snirting, and bits of made coughs, as if to keep down a thorough guffau."
ref: 1837, James Hogg, “Katie Cheyne”, in Tales and Sketches, page 172:
text: The Whaup grew very red in the face, and ‘snirted’ with laughter."
ref: 1871, William Black, A daughter of Heth: A novel, page 160:
glosses: To give a suppressed laugh or sharp intake of breath.
snirt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /snɜː(ɹ)t/
Forms: form: snirts
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Either from Middle English snurten (“to sneer; snort, snore”), a variation of snorten (“to snort”); or from Middle English *snyrten, an alteration of fnyrten, fnerten, from Old English fnǣrettan. Compare also Norwegian snurt (“vexed, peevish”), Middle English snirt (“stern, gloomy”).
Senses: glosses: A suppressed laugh; a sharp intake of breath.
Derived terms: snirtle
snirt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /snɜː(ɹ)t/
Etymology: Blend of snow + dirt
Senses: examples: text: We then have what we call ‘snirt’ storms.
ref: 1975, United States House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture and Related Agencies, Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1976, page 175:
text: Snirt or a mixture of snow and dirt is the term popularly applied to the windrows of dirt along the roads during a Minnesota winter.
ref: 1985, United States House Committee on Agriculture, General Farm Bill of 1985: Hearings Before the Committee on Agriculture, page 924:
text: ‘Snirt’ is a thing of the spring.
ref: 1997, William S. Burroughs, Last Words, Grove Press, →ISBN, page 73:
text: […] it wasn't a hard winter. Only a couple of blizzards and snirt and snuss storms.
ref: 2004, Dean Norman, Studio Cards: Funny Greeting Cards and People Who Created Them, Trafford Publishing,, →ISBN, page 131:
glosses: Snow that is dirty, often seen by the side of roads and parking lots that have been plowed.
Derived terms: snirty
pronounceable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more pronounceable
form: most pronounceable
Etymology: From pronounce + -able.
Senses: antonyms: unpronounceable
glosses: Capable of being distinctly pronounced in speech; enunciable.
glosses: Capable of being expressed; sayable.
Derived terms: pronounceability
pronounceableness
pronounceably
unpronounceable
quean
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kwiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
homophone: queen
Forms: form: queans
form: quine
form: quene
form: queane
Etymology: From Middle English quene (“young, robust woman”), from Old English cwene (“woman, female serf”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwenā, from Proto-Germanic *kwenǭ (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”). Doublet of gyne and queen.
Cognate with Dutch kween (“a barren woman, a barren cow”), Low German quene (“barren cow, heifer”), German Kone (“wife”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Icelandic kona (“woman”), Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉 (qinō, “woman”), 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”).
Senses: examples: text: Rahab, that harlot, began to be a professed quean at ten years of age […]
ref: 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition III, section 2, member 1, subsection ii:
text: However, terrible as it may seem to the tall maiden sisters of J.P.’s in Queen Anne houses with walled vegetable gardens, this courtesan, strumpet, harlot, whore, punk, fille de joie, street-walker, this trollop, this trull, this baggage, this hussy, this drab, skit, rig, quean, mopsy, demirep, demimondaine, this wanton, this fornicatress, this doxy, this concubine, this frail sister, this poor Queenie—did actually solicit me, did actually say ‘coming home to-night, dearie’ and my soul was not blasted enough to call a policeman.
ref: 1936, Anthony Bertram, Like the Phoenix:
text: So ended Lauretta her song, to which all hearkened attentively, though not all interpreted it alike. Some were inclined to give it a moral after the Milanese fashion, to wit, that a good porker was better than a pretty quean.
ref: 1921, original c. 1353, first English translation 1620, Giovanni Boccaccio, translated by J.M. Rigg, The Decameron, page 307:
glosses: A woman, now especially an impudent or disreputable woman; a prostitute.
examples: text: Forbye the two queans there was the son, John Gordon, as coarse a devil as you’d meet, he’d already had two–three queans in trouble and him but barely eighteen years old.
ref: 1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 30:
glosses: A young woman, a girl; a daughter.
Derived terms: cuckquean
cot-quean
syllabary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪləb(ə)ɹi/
ipa: /ˈsɪləˌbɛɹi/
ipa: /ˈsɪləb(ə)ɹi/
Forms: form: syllabaries
Etymology: From New Latin syllabārium, from syllaba.
Senses: topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
orthography
publishing
writing
glosses: A table or list of syllabic letters or syllables.
examples: text: It shouldn't be hard to come up with a musical syllabary in which pitches code for vowels and timbres code for consonants.
text: Bamum is a syllabary developed between 1896 and 1910, used for writing the Bamum language in western Cameroon.
ref: 2022 September 24, “Version 15.0 – Core Specification”, in Unicode, page 793:
topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
orthography
publishing
writing
hyponyms: alphasyllabary
abugida
glosses: A writing system where each character represents a complete syllable.
Hypernyms: signary
Meronyms: syllabogram
Derived terms: alphasyllabary
Cypriot syllabary
semisyllabary
Related terms: syllable
DUI
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dē'-yo͞o-ī′
ipa: /ˌdiː.juːˈaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: DUIs
Senses: examples: text: DUI is punishable by jail time and by fines.
text: They hit him with DUI and gross negligence.
text: He has several DUIs on his rap sheet.
text: Mr. Kelly acknowledged that alcoholism has been a problem for some air marshals — he said about 13 marshals had gotten D.U.I.s in the last three years — and he said that one marshal in the last five years had committed suicide.
ref: 2018 April 25, Ron Nixon, “Scandals and Investigations, but Few Arrests, for Air Marshals Program”, in The New York Times:
text: They can go out and drink without worrying about getting a DUI or killing someone driving home (“I’m much better off in the back of your car, aren’t I?”).
ref: 2020 February 27, Peter Jakubowicz, “The Drunk Men I Drive Around Every Night”, in Slate Magazine:
text: [see title]
ref: 2020, Douglas Cowan, Jon Scott Fox, Defending DUIs in Washington, 3rd edition, →ISBN:
synonyms: DWI#Noun
dewey#Noun
impaired driving
hypernyms: OWI
OVI[Appendix:Glossary#broadly|broadly]] synonymous>
;
driving#Noun
<
operating#Noun
operation
coordinate_terms: word: BUI
english: impaired driving
translation: impaired driving
word: ;
english: driving
translation: driving
word: DWB
glosses: Initialism of driving under the influence [of alcohol or other drugs]: the act of doing so; a charge or conviction for that act.
Related terms: sense: driving under the influence
word: drink and drive
sense: driving under the influence
word: drink-driver
sense: driving under the influence
word: drink-driving
sense: driving under the influence
word: drunk driver
sense: driving under the influence
word: drunk driving
starred
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: From star (verb), equivalent to star + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of star
starred
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Middle English sterred, equivalent to star (noun) + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: a Michelin-starred restaurant
text: She became sad, and looked up to the many-starred sky; her soul uttered silently the bitter complaint of its own misery.
ref: 1823, Mary Shelley, Valperga:
text: The Michelin system is not what it used to be. According to a report by University College London, starred restaurants are statistically more likely to close down than highly rated venues without the accolade.
ref: 2025 February 14, Morwenna Ferrier, “‘Butter is a perception’: inside the UK’s first plant-based Michelin-starred restaurant”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Having a star or stars.
Derived terms: ill-starred
ECDL
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ECDLs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of European Computer Driving Licence.
ICDL
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ICDLs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of International Computer Driving Licence.
proscenium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəʊˈsiː.ni.əm/
ipa: /pɹoʊˈsiː.ni.əm/
Forms: form: prosceniums
form: proscenia
form: proscænium
Etymology: From Latin proscaenium (“in front of the scenery”), from Ancient Greek προσκήνιον (proskḗnion), from πρό (pró, “before”) + σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene building”).
Senses: examples: text: It looks like a film, a meticulous, detailed, visually balanced wide-screen Wes Anderson one. There’s no proscenium, no stage, no wings, no audience.
ref: 2023 June 15, Manohla Dargis, “‘Asteroid City’ Review: Our Town and Country”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: The stage area between the curtain and the orchestra.
raw_tags: in a modern theater
glosses: The stage area immediately in front of the scene building.
raw_tags: in an ancient theater
examples: text: The front of the scene-building and of the parascenia came to be decorated with a row of columns, the proscenium (πρό, "before"+σκηνή).
ref: 1936, Roy C. Flickinger, The Greek Theater and Its Drama, 4th edition, page 58:
glosses: The row of columns at the front of the scene building, at first directly behind the circular orchestra but later upon a stage.
raw_tags: in an ancient theater
examples: text: Screamers trumpeted from the roof of the supermarket, white storks rattled their bills as their surveyed the town from the proscenium of the filling-station.
ref: 1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 19:
glosses: A proscenium arch.
Coordinate terms: auditorium
episcenium
logium
orchestra
parascenium
parodus
thymele
Derived terms: proscenium curtain
proscenium arch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: proscenium arches
Senses: examples: text: The arts have traditionally employed devices that seem designed to assist the spectator in lifting the occasion out of any practical context and placing it in a special, autonomous space of its own. The pedestal and the stage raise sculpture and theatre above the plane of ordinary life, the frame and the proscenium arch separate art and performances from their surroundings, special halls for the visual arts and for music provide what the cathedral does for religious worship, a sanctified space removed from the concerns of daily life.
ref: 1994 July, Arnold Berleant, “Beyond Disinterestedness”, in British Journal of Aesthetics, XXXIV:iii, page 247:
glosses: The arch that frames a stage, and separates it from the auditorium.
raw_tags: in a theatre
auditorium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɔː.dɪˈtɔː.ɹi.əm/
ipa: /ˌɔ.dɪˌto.ɹi.əm/
ipa: /ˈɑ.dɪˌto.ɹi.əm/
Forms: form: auditoriums
form: auditoria
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin audītōrium, from audītōrius (“pertaining to hearing”). Equivalent to auditory + -ium.
Senses: glosses: A large room for public meetings or performances.
glosses: The space where the audience is located in a theater, etc.
Derived terms: cafetorium
gymnatorium
odditorium
Reilly
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹaɪli/
rhymes: -aɪli
Forms: form: Reillys
Etymology: From Irish Ó Raghallaigh, a surname meaning "descendants of Raghallach".
Senses: glosses: A surname from Irish.
glosses: A unisex given name transferred from the surname, of modern usage.
Derived terms: life of Reilly
Reilly-Hickinbottom rearrangement
O'Reilly
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /əˈɹaɪli/
/oʊˈɹaɪli/
Senses: glosses: A surname from Irish [in turn originating as a patronymic] from Reilly.
Related terms: O’
mawkish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɔːkɪʃ/
ipa: /ˈmɑːkɪʃ/
rhymes: -ɔːkɪʃ
Forms: form: more mawkish
form: most mawkish
form: maukish
Etymology: From mawk + -ish.
Senses: examples: text: Some of Mr. Williams’s performances were criticized for a mawkish sentimentality, like “Patch Adams,” a 1998 film that once again cast him as a good-hearted doctor, and “Bicentennial Man,” a 1999 science-fiction feature in which he played an android.
ref: 2014 August 11, Dave Itzkoff, “Robin Williams, Oscar-Winning Comedian, Dies at 63 in Suspected Suicide”, in New York Times:
text: I found [Christoph] Buchel’s appropriation of the boat in which so many migrants lost their lives a vile and mawkish spectacle in the context of the biennale.
ref: 2019 May 12, Adrian Searle, “Mawkish monuments and the beach from hell: our verdict on the Venice Biennale”, in The Guardian:
text: The tabloids branded him James Hewitt forevermore as the “love rat,” and Pasternak was excoriated for peddling mawkish fantasy.
ref: 2022 April 5, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair:
text: After all, a vague, archaic, mostly harmless tradition fraught with pomp and ceremony and mawkish self-aggrandising with a bit of royalty thrown in is about the most British thing imaginable and would never happen in a boring sensible country like Germany.
ref: 2023 August 28, Jay Foreman, 10:23 from the start, in Why British cities make no sense, spoken by Mark Cooper-Jones, via YouTube, archived from the original on 15 Jul 2024:
synonyms: cutesy
maudlin
schmaltzy
sickly-sweet
slushy
mushy
soppy
treacly
antonyms: rational
glosses: Excessively or falsely sentimental; showing a sickly excess of sentiment.
glosses: Feeling sick, queasy.
glosses: Sickening or insipid in taste or smell.
Derived terms: mawkishly
mawkishness
unmawkish
mountebank
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmaʊntəˌbæŋk/
Forms: form: mountebanks
form: mountebanking
form: mountebanked
form: mountebanked
Etymology: From archaic Italian montambanco (“quack who mounts a bench to hawk his wares”), contracted from monta-in-banco (“mount on bench”).
Senses: glosses: To act as a mountebank.
examples: text: Ile Mountebanke their Loues, / Cogge their Hearts from them,
ref: c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 18, column 2:
glosses: To cheat by boasting and false pretenses.
portend
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔːˈtɛnd/
ipa: /pɔɹˈtɛnd/
rhymes: -ɛnd
Forms: form: portends
form: portending
form: portended
form: portended
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin portendere (“to foretell”), from por- (“forward”) + tendere (“to stretch”).
Senses: examples: text: A kingdom they portend thee, but what kingdom, / Real or allegoric, I discern not; Nor when: eternal sure--as without end,
ref: 1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 4:
glosses: To serve as a warning or omen of.
examples: text: Let it be known that the Rapture portends the End of Days.
text: How alive these poems are with the visual specifics of what he so closely observes, how full of elegance, terror and hope. They portend a poet of major craft, of deep feeling, and of fine intelligence.
ref: 1982 April 10, Jane Barnes, “Terror and Hope”, in Gay Community News, page 10:
text: When the staccato, Neptunes-ian single “Boyfriend” was released in March, musical prognosticators were quick to peg the album it portended, Believe, as Justin Bieber’s Justified, a grown-and-sexy, R&B-centric departure that evolved millennial teenybopper Justin Timberlake into one of the unifying pop-music figures of the aughts.
ref: 2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 06 Aug 2020:
glosses: To signify; to denote.
Synonyms: foreshadow
presage
Derived terms: portender
portention
portendment
Related terms: portent
portentive
portentous
harbinger
delve
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɛlv/
rhymes: -ɛlv
Forms: form: delves
Etymology: From Middle English delve, delf, dælf, from Old English delf, ġedelf (“digging”) and dælf (“that which is dug out, delf, ditch”). More at delf.
Senses: examples: text: the wise Merlin whylome wont (they say) / To make his wonne, low vnderneath the ground, / In a deepe delue, farre from the vew of day [...].
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: I put the clods on top the delve and gave it all a good thumping down with my feet.
ref: 1995, Alan Warner, Morvern Callar, Vintage, published 2015, page 75:
glosses: A pit or den.
Related terms: stonedelf
ring tone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ring tones
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of ringtone.
ringtone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ringtones
form: ring tone
form: ring-tone
Etymology: From ring + tone.
Senses: examples: text: voltage generator ringtone for installation in terminal stations of telephone communication systems for carrier wave
ref: 1975, LQ Krasin, RD Mccallum, Ringing generator for telephone station terminal - US Patent 3,886,321:
text: The transducers used to measure cavity dynamic pressure and reed dynamic displacement are calibrated before each test, the ringtone oscillator assembly produces a sinusoidal driving pressure, with at most, a few small harmonics.
ref: 1980, Journal of Mechanical Design, page 229:
text: Introduces LT1684, a ringtone-generator integrated circuit (IC) for telephone systems from Linear Technology in California. Elimination of need for optoisolators; Function of active multipole filter within the IC; Adjustment of cadence, frequency and amplitude information;
ref: 1999, B. Schweber, “Telephony Tone Generator Rings Long Loops”, in Reed Business Information:
text: The source and destination nodes may be equipped with ringtone-generation engines to generate ringtones. Each of the ringtones includes at least one audible tone.
ref: 2009, J Kates, R Miller, System and method for providing calling-party identification and/or calling-party or called-party ringback services - US Patent 7,602,901:
glosses: The sound made by a telephone when ringing.
examples: text: I set my favorite song as my ringtone.
text: So even if the primary purpose of a ringtone is to notify the user of an incoming call, the effect of a ringtone played in public cannot be ignored if the reason users choose ringtones is, in part, in order to impress others .
ref: 2004, The Entertainment and Sports Lawyer; Volume 22:
text: This actually downloads the ringtone onto your handheld and displays a screen allowing you to save it, shown in Figure 8.12.
ref: 2005, Bill Foust, Mobile Guide to BlackBerry, page 121121:
text: There's only music so that there's new ringtones
ref: 2006, Alex Turner, “A Certain Romance”, in Whatever People Say I Am, That’s What I’m Not, performed by Arctic Monkeys:
text: Using simple audio tools in the iTunes program, you could buy a song for $1, choose a 30-second chunk, pay $1 more for the ringtone, and sync the result to your iPhone.
ref: 2012, David Pogue, iPhone: The Missing Manual, page 152:
text: My boy's got his own ringtone / It's the only one I know, it's the only one I know
ref: 2019, 100 gecs, “ringtone”, in 1000 gecs:
glosses: A customizable tone used to indicate an incoming call on a telephone, especially a mobile phone.
Derived terms: ringtone rap
ringtone oscillator
ringtone
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: ringtones
form: ringtoning
form: ringtoned
form: ringtoned
form: ring tone
form: ring-tone
Etymology: From ring + tone.
Senses: examples: text: My handheld ringtoned “Happy Days are Here Again.” I withdrew into a quieter corner of Mahogany Bar and stuck a finger in my other ear.
ref: 2015, Herb Borkland, DOG$, page 15:
text: The cell reception is less than zero here, but my phone was ringtoning away. I did not like the sound of that.
ref: 2019, Arthur Slade, Amber Fang (Books 1-3): Boxed Set:
glosses: Of a telephone: to play a ringtone.
transnational
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -æʃənəl
Forms: form: more transnational
form: most transnational
Etymology: From trans- + national.
Senses: glosses: Between or beyond national boundaries.
examples: text: And finally, the transnational discourses of antiapartheidism and divestiture had led the U.K. television industry to ban sales of current programs to South Africa, again shaping the ways Bop-TV could enact its particular form of antigovernment, antiapartheid cultural politics.
ref: 2013 April 1, Timothy Havens, Black Television Travels: African American Media around the Globe (Book collections on Project MUSE), NYU Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 75:
text: While MS-13 is not the only transnational gang this administration will target, we believe the following background information attributed as “information provided by the Justice Department” will be helpful: […]
ref: 2017 April 18, “DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FACT SHEET ON MS-13”, in United States Department of Justice, page 1:
text: The Biden administration will designate a dangerous Venezuelan gang infiltrating the United States as a significant transnational criminal organization on Thursday, according to a senior administration official, who described the gang as an “emerging threat.”
ref: 2024 July 11, Priscilla Alvarez, “Biden administration designates dangerous Venezuelan gang as a transnational criminal organization”, in CNN:
glosses: Involving several nations or nationalities.
Derived terms: transnationalism
transnationally
transnational repression
Related terms: transnation
transnational
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -æʃənəl
Forms: form: transnationals
Etymology: From trans- + national.
Senses: glosses: Someone operating in several countries.
Related terms: international
multinational
transoceanic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌtɹæn.zəʊ.ʃiˈæn.ɪk/
Forms: form: more transoceanic
form: most transoceanic
Etymology: From trans- + oceanic.
Senses: examples: text: Guam is a transoceanic territory of the United States.
glosses: beyond or on the other side of an ocean
examples: text: We took a transoceanic flight.
glosses: crossing an ocean
Derived terms: transoceanically
monomania
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmɒnəʊˈmeɪnɪə/
ipa: /ˌmɑnoʊˈmeɪni.ə/
rhymes: -eɪniə
Forms: form: monomanias
form: monomaniæ
Etymology: Either:
* Formed in English as mono- + mania;
* From the French monomanie; or,
* From the Modern Latin monomania.
Senses: examples: text: It was apparent to all but himself that what was once idle curiosity had become a monomania.
glosses: Excessive interest or concentration on a singular object or subject.
examples: text: “There are no limits to the possibilities of monomania,” I answered. “There is the condition which the modern French psychologists have called the ‘idée fixe,’ which may be trifling in character, and accompanied by complete sanity in every other way. A man who had read deeply about Napoleon, or who had possibly received some hereditary family injury through the great war, might conceivably form such an ‘idée fixe’ and under its influence be capable of any fantastic outrage.”
ref: 1904 April 30, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Six Napoleons”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC, page 212:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: A pathological obsession with one person, thing or idea.
Related terms: monomaniac
idee fixe
obsession
transom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹæn.səm/
rhymes: -ænsəm
Forms: form: transoms
Etymology: From Middle English traunsom; probably an alteration of Latin trānstrum (“crossbeam”).
Senses: topics: architecture
glosses: A crosspiece over a door; a lintel.
topics: architecture
glosses: A horizontal glazing bar in a window.
glosses: A transom window.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Any of several transverse structural members in a ship, especially at the stern; a thwart.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: The flat or nearly flat stern of a boat or ship.
glosses: The horizontal beam on a cross or gallows.
examples: text: We are overwhelmed with transom resumes.
text: They only met the deadline by working most of the night and making a transom filing.
glosses: Items that have arrived over the transom.
Derived terms: over the transom
transom window
a hinged glassed frame above such a crossbar
Related terms: fortochka