cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
submarine river
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: submarine rivers
Senses: topics: geography
hydrology
natural-sciences
glosses: A river-like current on the seabed.
treff
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹɛf/
Forms: form: treffs
Etymology: From German Treff (“meeting point”).
Senses: examples: text: The Moscow experts on treffs perform their duty with ponderous, often ridiculous, awkwardness. Before the atomic spy Allan Nunn May left Canada to go to London, a treff in London had to be arranged for him and another agent.
ref: 1955, David J. Dallin, Soviet Espionage, page 495:
topics: espionage
government
military
politics
war
glosses: A covert meeting.
pneumoconiosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pneumoconioses
Etymology: Alteration of pneumonoconiosis, after pneumo- (“lung”). Compare French pneumoconiose. By surface analysis, pneumo- + coniosis (“disease caused by the inhalation of dust”).
Senses: examples: text: Zhang Haichao was twenty-eight when he got pneumoconiosis. He was fit and well before he started working at an abrasive-materials factory in Xinmi, not far from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, where he comes from. On the job, he inhaled a huge amount of dust every day. In the second half of 2007, he began to cough and felt short of breath.
ref: 2012, Hsiao-Hung Pai, Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants, Verso Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 86:
text: Wu Dengfan, a 40-year-old farmer from Gulang county in Gansu who worked at a gold mine close to the Mongolian border from 1996 to 2006, had a similar experience.
“We even preferred not to wear masks inside the mine, because it made breathing even more difficult,” said Wu, who has stage II pneumoconiosis. “When we finished our work and came out of the mine, each of us was completely covered in dust.”
ref: 2018 January 13, Alice Yan, “These migrant workers helped China prosper. Now they’re dying and not getting the help they need”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Jan 2018, People & Culture:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of particulate matter.
Hyponyms: coalworker's pneumoconiosis
coal worker's pneumoconiosis
CWP
black lung
miner's cough
anthracosilicosis
silicosis
asbestosis
Coordinate terms: mesothelioma
Derived terms: coalworker's pneumoconiosis
rheumatoid pneumoconiosis
biennial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /baɪˈɛn.i.əl/
rhymes: -ɛniəl
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin bienni(um) (“two-year period”) [from bis, bi- (“twice”) + annus (“year”)] + -al (suffix forming adjectives). By surface analysis, bi- + -ennial.
Senses: examples: text: This is a marked difference from the task force’s previous guidance, which was to start biennial mammograms by age 50.
ref: 2024 May 8, Katia Hetter, “Mammograms are now recommended starting at age 40. Should you get one?”, in CNN:
glosses: Happening every two years.
glosses: Lasting for two years.
Synonyms: word: biennary
word: biannual
Derived terms: bienniality
quasi-biennial oscillation
Related terms: biennium
biennially
biannual
semiannual
biennial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /baɪˈɛn.i.əl/
rhymes: -ɛniəl
Forms: form: biennials
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin bienni(um) (“two-year period”) [from bis, bi- (“twice”) + annus (“year”)] + -al (suffix forming adjectives). By surface analysis, bi- + -ennial.
Senses: glosses: A plant that requires two years to complete its life-cycle, germinating and growing in its first year, then producing its flowers and fruit in its second year, after which it usually dies.
examples: text: The famous Biennial was won by Earl of Dartrey, a light, peacocky horse, who was, perhaps, better than he looked.
ref: 1891, Sir George Chetwynd, Racing Reminiscences and Experiences of the Turf, page 122:
glosses: An event that happens every two years.
Related terms: annual
triennial
quadrennial
quinquennial
sexennial
septennial
octennial
novennial
decennial
vicennial
centennial
bicentennial
quincentennial
millennial
perennial
diaphanous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪˈæf.ən.əs/
Forms: form: more diaphanous
form: most diaphanous
Etymology: From Medieval Latin diaphanus, from Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs), from δια- (dia-, “through”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, appear”).
Senses: examples: text: The water shone pacifically; the sky, without a speck, was a benign immensity of unstained light; the very mist on the Essex marsh was like a gauzy and radiant fabric, hung from the wooded rises inland, and draping the low shores in diaphanous folds.
ref: 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:
text: Adam requires a touch of feminine lace and a whisper of diaphanous silk, not a direct vision of the gaping maw of the human vulva.
ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 23:
text: But nonetheless the purpleness of the imagined purple cow will almost certainly be meaner, more diaphanous, more fleeting than any real-life purple that you ever saw: to imagine a purple cow is just not the same thing as to have a purple sensation (or at least a purple sensation worth the name).
ref: 1999, Nicholas Humphrey, A History of the Mind: Evolution and the Birth of Consciousness, page 96:
text: The evening mist, drifting among the leafless poplars, veiled their silhouettes with a violet film, paler and more translucent than the most diaphanous gauze that might have caught in their branches.
ref: 2004, Gustave Flaubert, translated by Margaret Maulden, Madame Bovary: Provincial Manners, page 98:
synonyms: translucent
transparent
see-through
sheer
antonyms: opaque
glosses: Transparent or translucent; allowing light to pass through; capable of being seen through.
examples: 1951, Robert Frost, Unpublished preface to a collection, 2007, Mark Richardson (editor), The Collected Prose of Robert Frost, page 169,
The most diaphanous wings carry a burden of pollen from flower to flower.
1963, Hermann Weyl, quoted in 1985, Floyd Merrell, Deconstruction Reframed, page 67,
What is amazing is that "a concept that is created by mind itself, the sequence of integers, the simplest and most diaphanous thing for the constructive mind, assumes a similar aspect of obscurity and deficiency when viewed from the axiomatic angle" (Weyl, 1963, 220).
synonyms: delicate
insubstantial
sheer
antonyms: concrete
solid
glosses: Of a fine, almost transparent, texture; gossamer; light and insubstantial.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Isorefractive, having an identical refractive index.
Derived terms: adiaphanous
semidiaphanous
undiaphanous
Related terms: diaphanously
diaphanousness
fructify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹʌktɪfaɪ/
Forms: form: fructifies
form: fructifying
form: fructified
form: fructified
Etymology: Borrowed into Middle English from Old French fructefier.
Senses: examples: text: Atop the [Palmito] tree is a pith, in taſte better then Cabbage; and eating it takes avvay the future benefit of grovvth or fructifying, theſe and the Date-tree thriue not, except the male and female be vnited, and haue copulation: the ſhe is only fruitfull.
ref: 1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “Mohelia, Its Description”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 24:
text: It is good to detect hints of a more aggressive attitude from the B.T.C. in face of constant reminders of accumulated deficits and niggling for economies before modernisation schemes have had a chance fully to fructify [...].
ref: 1959 August, “Talking of Trains: Reappraisal is completed”, in Trains Illustrated, page 345:
glosses: To bear fruit; to generate useful products or ideas.
examples: text: When fruit trees are to be planted it is good practice to plant alternate rows of different varieties of the same fruit, because the pollen of one variety is often wanted to fructify or fertilise the flowers of another.
ref: 1901 May 10, “Gleanings”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 5, page 136:
text: He slew the Bull (symbol of the gross Earth which the sunlight fructifies).
ref: 1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 21:
glosses: To make productive or fruitful.
Derived terms: unfructified
unfructifying
mien
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /miːn/
rhymes: -iːn
homophone: mean
homophone: mesne
Forms: form: miens
Etymology: From French mine (“appearance”) (whence also Danish mine and German Miene), perhaps from Breton min (“face of an animal”), or from Latin minio (“to redden”).
Senses: examples: text: Gentlest Guardians marked serene / His early hope, his liberal mien; […]
ref: 1847, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Threnody”, in Poems, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, page 238:
text: Beauty, like all divine gifts, is everywhere to be seen by the eye of the faithful admirer of nature; and, like all spirits, she is scarcely to be described by words. Her countenance and mien, her path, her hue and carriage, often surpass expression, and soothe the enthusiast into reverie and silence.
ref: 1856, Joseph Turnley, The Language of the Eye, →OCLC, page 111:
text: Jenny's coming o'er the green, / Fairer form was never seen, / Winning is her gentle mien; / Why do I love her so?
ref: 1860, Stephen Foster, “Jenny's coming o'er the green”:
text: taking the air with an infinite sadness of mien, like some disconsolate prisoner, Utterson saw Dr. Jekyll.
ref: 1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 7, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC:
text: Although still young at heart and head, he looks more and more like his old friend Archimedes, increasingly bearded and increasingly grey, with an otherworldly mien – a look that should earn him a spot in the online quiz featuring portraits of frumpy old men under the rubric “Prof or Hobo?”
ref: 2015 July 23, Siobhan Roberts, “John Horton Conway: the world’s most charismatic mathematician”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Demeanor; facial expression or attitude, especially one which is intended by its bearer.
examples: text: It’s hard to say which is worse: the press-on smiles favored by many a ballet dancer, or the stony “I’m going to pretend this isn’t happening to me” miens often found in contemporary troupes like White Road.
ref: 2007 February 10, Claudia La Rocco, “Stony Miens and Sad Hearts”, in New York Times:
glosses: A specific facial expression.
Derived terms: miened
molecular engineering
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The manufacturing of products with a degree of precision defined by individual molecules or atoms
Prague
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹɑːɡ/
rhymes: -ɑːɡ
ipa: /pɹeɪ̯ɡ/
Etymology: From German Prag, from Slavic. See Czech Praha for further origin.
Senses: examples: text: I said, I've always wanted to visit Prague.
ref: 1998 June 3, “Conjoined Fetus Lady”, in South Park, season 2, episode 5:
glosses: The capital city of the Czech Republic; the former capital of Czechoslovakia; the former capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia.
glosses: The Czech government.
Derived terms: Maharal of Prague
Praguer
Praguian
Related terms: Praha
home away from home
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: homes away from home
form: home from home
Senses: examples: text: I stayed in a lot of hotels in New York with the Dead and with Jerry's band, but the Navarro, more than any other, became our home away from home.
ref: 2004, Steve Parish, Joe Layden, Home Before Daylight: My Life on the Road with the Grateful Dead, St. Martin's Press, →ISBN:
text: Here's how you can create your own home away from home if you travel often: keep some of your favorite things that say home in a bag—like a backpack or travel bag—so you can take it with you.
ref: 2008, Susie Castillo, Confidence is Queen: The Four Keys to Ultimate Beauty Through Positive Thinking, Penguin, →ISBN:
glosses: A place in which one is as comfortable as one's actual home.
Related terms: home is where the heart is
second home
away
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: enpr: ə-wā'
ipa: /əˈweɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: aweigh
Etymology: From Middle English away, awey, awei, oway, o wey, on way, from Old English āweġ, onweġ (“away”), originally on weġ (“on one's way; onward; on”), equivalent to a- (“on”) + way.
Cognate with Scots awa, away (“away”), Old Frisian aweg, awei (“away”), Saterland Frisian wäch, wääge (“away”), Dutch weg (“away”), German weg (“away”), Danish væk (“away”), Swedish i väg (“away; off; along”).
Senses: qualifier: dismissal
glosses: Away with you! Go away!
away
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ə-wā'
ipa: /əˈweɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: aweigh
Etymology: From Middle English away, awey, awei, oway, o wey, on way, from Old English āweġ, onweġ (“away”), originally on weġ (“on one's way; onward; on”), equivalent to a- (“on”) + way.
Cognate with Scots awa, away (“away”), Old Frisian aweg, awei (“away”), Saterland Frisian wäch, wääge (“away”), Dutch weg (“away”), German weg (“away”), Danish væk (“away”), Swedish i väg (“away; off; along”).
Senses: examples: text: The master is away from home.
text: Would you pick up my mail while I'm away.
glosses: Not here, gone, absent, unavailable, traveling; on vacation.
examples: text: He's miles away by now.
text: Spring is still a month away.
text: My office is only an hour away.
glosses: At a specified distance in space, time, or figuratively.
examples: text: This is the entrance for away supporters.
text: Next, they are playing away in Dallas.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Not on one's home territory.
examples: text: Two men away in the bottom of the ninth.
topics: ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
qualifier: following the noun modified
glosses: Out.
examples: text: For example, immediately after every person in the group has teed off, if you are clearly the away player (perhaps because you smacked your drive into the tree closest to the tee pad), you should grab your bag and try to be the first person advancing down the fairway.
ref: 2016, Justin Menickelli, Ryan Pickens, Definitive Guide to Disc Golf:
topics: golf
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Being the player whose ball lies farthest from the hole (or, in disc golf, whose disc lies farthest from the target).
away
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: ə-wā'
ipa: /əˈweɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: aweigh
Etymology: See aweigh.
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of aweigh.
ach
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æt͡ʃ/
Forms: form: aches
form: ache
Etymology: From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).
Senses: glosses: Any of several species of plants, such as smallage, wild celery, parsley.
Derived terms: lovage
smallage
ach
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /æt͡ʃ/
ipa: /æx/
ipa: /ɑx/
ipa: /əx/
ipa: /æt͡ʃ/
Senses: examples: text: "Ach." Auntie frowned hugely. "That is all nonsense."
ref: 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972:
glosses: An expression of annoyance.
glosses: An expression of woe or regret.
glosses: Alternative form of och.
delirious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈlɪə̯.ɹi.əs/
rhymes: -ɪəɹiəs
Forms: form: more delirious
form: most delirious
Etymology: From delirium + -ous; see also Latin delirus (“silly, doting, crazy”).
Senses: examples: text: ⁠Or has the shock, so harshly given,
[…] made me that delirious man
⁠Whose fancy fuses old and new,
⁠And flashes into false and true,
And mingles all without a plan?
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XVI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 26:
text: […]the angelic form of a creature whose very existence was a gigantic balm of Gilead to the lacerated body of our hero, and, in a half delirious state of mind, he felt like leaping mountains to raise prostrate female forms, and to become blessed with hymeneal joys of the most glorious character; but, his imagination soon forsook him, and a raging fever, accompanied by the most violent deadly delirium, ensued, which lasted a fortnight.
ref: 1872, Simon Mohler Landis, The Social War, Chapter III: Deacon Stew raves at Lucinda's Love for Victor:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Being in the state of delirium.
glosses: Having uncontrolled excitement; ecstatic.
Derived terms: deliriously
deliriousness
nondelirious
semidelirious
undelirious
Barking and Dagenham
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A London borough of Greater London, England.
barnet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɑː(ɹ)nɪt/
Forms: form: barnets
Etymology: Rhyming slang, from Barnet Fair, an annual horse and pleasure fair in Barnet, North London.
Senses: examples: text: Boris [Johnson], it seems, is taking it in this spirit, joshing beneath his ever-redeeming barnet that Labour's opposition to military action in Syria is a fey stance that he, as GQ politician of the year, would never be guilty of.
ref: 2013 September 13, Russell Brand, “Russell Brand and the GQ awards”, in The Guardian:
text: Rather than banging on about my barnet, I’d ask friends about theirs.
ref: 2021 March 14, Michael Segalov, “It can leave your self-image fractured”, in The Guardian:
glosses: hair (on one's head)
wikipedia: Barnet Fair
Warwickshire
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɒ.ɹɪk.ʃə(ɹ)/
Etymology: From Middle English Warewikeschire; equivalent to Warwick + -shire.
Senses: glosses: An inland county of England bordered by Staffordshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, West Midlands and Worcestershire.
Derived terms: North Warwickshire
Brent
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹɛnt/
rhymes: -ɛnt
Forms: form: Brents
Etymology: English surname from placenames in Devon and Somerset, from Old English brant (“steep”), referring to hills. Compare Brents.
Senses: examples: text: Liz Brent, broker at Go Brent in Maryland and Washington, DC, said she’s spent the past few months changing how she presents properties by emphasizing photographs, 3-D tours, and video vignettes for homes online.
ref: 2020 June 12, Anna Bahney, “The new rules of buying and selling a house in a coronavirus world”, in CNN Business:
glosses: A habitational surname from Old English.
glosses: A male given name transferred from the surname, of 20th century and later usage.
examples: text: Only by the wet flapping of a barnacle goose did she know she now approached the River Brent, obscured as it was by a brickworks and yet more houses.
ref: 2023, Zadie Smith, The Fraud, Hamish Hamilton, page 189:
glosses: A placename:
A small river in Greater London, England, United Kingdom, which joins the Thames at Brentford.
glosses: A placename:
A London borough of Greater London, England, United Kingdom, created in 1965 from the merger of the boroughs of Wembley and Willesden.
Derived terms: Brent Cross
Brentford
Brentham
Brentism
Brent Knoll
East Brent
South Brent
Bromley
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹɒmli/
ipa: /ˈbɹɑmli/
Forms: form: Bromleys
form: Bramley
Etymology: From Old English brōm (“broom”) + lēah (“wood”). Equivalent to broom + -ley and doublet of Brimley; compare Broom.
Senses: glosses: A number of places in England:
A town in the borough of Bromley, in south-eastern Greater London (OS grid ref TQ4069).
glosses: A number of places in England:
A London borough of Greater London.
glosses: A number of places in England:
A district in the borough of Tower Hamlets, eastern London, officially Bromley by Bow (OS grid ref TQ3782).
glosses: A number of places in England:
A hamlet in Standon parish, East Hertfordshire district, Hertfordshire (OS grid ref TL4121).
glosses: A number of places in England:
A locality in Hordley parish, Shropshire (OS grid ref SJ4026).
glosses: A number of places in England:
A hamlet in Worfield parish, Shropshire (OS grid ref SO7395).
glosses: A number of places in England:
A hamlet in Wortley parish, Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire (OS grid ref SK3298).
glosses: A number of places in England:
A suburb of Kingswinford, Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, West Midlands (OS grid ref SO9088).
glosses: An unincorporated community in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States.
glosses: A minor city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States.
glosses: A village in Mashonaland East province, Zimbabwe.
glosses: An eastern suburb of Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
glosses: A habitational surname from Old English.
Derived terms: Abbots Bromley
Bromley-by-Bow
Bromley Cross
Bromley Heath
buckthorn
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: buckthorns
Etymology: Calque of Latin cervī spīna (“deer's thorny shrub”), cervi (“deer's”) being the genitive singular of cervus (“deer”), from Proto-Italic *kerwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂wós, from *ḱerh₂- (“horn”) + *-wós, spīna (“thorny shrub”) from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”). By surface analysis, buck + thorn.
Senses: glosses: Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially
the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae),
especially genus Rhamnus,
glosses: Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially
the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae),
especially genus Rhamnus,
especially common buckthorn or purging buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica).
glosses: Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially
the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae),
also alder buckthorn (Frangula), especially Frangula alnus).
glosses: Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially
sea buckthorn (Hippophae, in family Elaeagnaceae).
Derived terms: alt: <= Rhamnus frangula
word: alder buckthorn - Frangula alnus
alt: <= Rhamnus caroliniana
word: Frangula caroliniana
word: alderleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus alnifolia
word: buckthorn bully - Sideroxylon lycioides
word: California buckthorn - Frangula californica
word: Carolina buckthorn - Frangula caroliniana
word: Cascara buckthorn - Frangula purshiana
word: Chinese buckthorn - Rhamnus utilis
word: Dahurian buckthorn - Rhamnus davurica
alt: <= Rhamnus infectoria
word: dyer's buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatalis
word: glossy buckthorn - Frangula alnus
word: hollyleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa
word: Italian buckthorn - Rhamnus alaternus
word: Jamaica buckthorn - Rosa laevigata
word: Japanese buckthorn - Rhamnus japonica
word: lanceleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus lanceolata
english: Sageretia
translation: Sageretia
word: mock buckthorn
word: Modoc buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. modocensis
word: Nevada buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. nevadensis
word: obovate buckthorn - Frangula betulifolia subsp. obovata
word: obtuse buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. obtusissima
word: redberry buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea
word: red buckthorn - Frangula rubra
word: rock buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatilis
word: sawleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus serrata
word: sea buckthorn - Hippophae spp
word: esp. Hippophae rhamnoides
word: sharp-tooth buckthorn - Rhamnus arguta
word: Siberian buckthorn - Rhamnus erythroxylon
word: Smith's buckthorn - Rhamnus smithii
alt: <= Bumelia lycioides
word: Southern buckthorn - Sideroxylon lycioides
word: Texas buckthorn - Ziziphus obtusifolia
word: West Indian buckthorn - Frangula sphaerosperma
word: Yosemite buckthorn Frangula rubra subsp. yosemitana
birth certificate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: birth certificates
form: birth-certificate
form: birth cert
Etymology: From birth + certificate.
Senses: examples: text: [T]he pleasure of writing on wax with a stylus is exemplified by the fine, flowing hand of a Roman scribe who made out the birth certificate of Herennia Gemella, born March 128 AD.
ref: 2013 September 14, Jane Shilling, “The Golden Thread: the Story of Writing, by Ewan Clayton, review [print edition: Illuminating language]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), page R28:
glosses: An official document certifying the details of an individual's birth, indicating the name, date, and parents' names, and details such as parents' occupation and religion.
criminologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɹɪm.ɪn.ɒl.ə.dʒɪst/
Forms: form: criminologists
Etymology: From criminology + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Not according to professor James Alan Fox, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston who has been studying mass murder for the past three decades.
ref: 2012 April 3, Laura Smith-Spark, “Are mass killings on the increase? Criminologist says no”, in CNN:
text: When he finished his stint in Brooklyn, Weisburd decided to team up with Larry Sherman, another young criminologist.
ref: 2019, Malcolm Gladwell, Talking to Strangers, page 283:
text: Derived from the Latin words "scelero" — which means crime or wickedness — and "phobos" meaning fear — scelerophobia is coined by both criminologists and psychologists as the fear of burglars, according to Ayla Faisal, a clinical psychologist and a PhD scholar at the Institute of Clinical Psychology at the University of Karachi.
ref: 2023 September 26, Abby Roch, “My house was broken into. Now I have developed a fear of thieves called scelerophobia.”, in Business Insider:
glosses: A person who is skilled in, or practices criminology.
endocrinologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛn.dəʊ.kɹɪnˌɒl.ə.dʒɪst/
Forms: form: endocrinologists
Etymology: From endocrinology + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Some endocrinologists argue that our core understanding of T, as a fundamentally male sex hormone, is inherently flawed.
ref: 2023 April 5, Mark Hay, “Does Testosterone Affect Your Politics?”, in VICE:
text: They standardize the terminology that professionals should use with patients and reaffirms the role that an endocrinologist should play in the patient’s broader individualized care.
ref: 2024 February 26, Jen Christiansen, “First on CNN: Major medical society re-examines clinical guidelines for gender-affirming care”, in CNN:
glosses: A person who is skilled at, or practices, endocrinology.
virgule
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɜː.ɡjuːl/
ipa: /ˈvɝ.ɡjul/
Forms: form: virgules
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French virgule, from Latin virgula (“twig; scratch comma”), from virga (“rod, branch”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix). Doublet of virgula.
Senses: examples: text: Other Chaucerian manuscripts had the virgule (or virgil or oblique: /) at the middle of lines.
ref: 1990, John McDermott, Punctuation for Now, page 20:
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: A medieval punctuation mark similar to the slash ⟨/⟩ or pipe ⟨|⟩ and used as a scratch comma and caesura mark.
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: A slash, ⟨/⟩ or ⟨／⟩.
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: A slash, ⟨/⟩ or ⟨／⟩.
Used to mark line breaks within quotes.
topics: media
publishing
typography
glosses: A pipe, ⟨|⟩.
topics: communications
journalism
literature
media
poetry
publishing
typography
writing
glosses: A pipe, ⟨|⟩.
Used to mark metrical feet.
Synonyms: sense: all
word: virgula
sense: all
word: virgil
sense: scratch comma
word: comma
sense: caesura mark
word: caesura
sense: oblique line
word: slash
sense: vertical line
word: pipe
Related terms: virgula
virgil
backslash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækˌslæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: backslashes
form: back slash
Etymology: From back + slash, because it is a slash “leaning back” against the direction of writing (in writing lines from left to right), in contrast to the more common (forward) slash / (“solidus, oblique, diagonal”). The actual direction of (hand-)writing these marks can be reversed, when writing from left to right, top to baseline: the backslash forwards, the (forward) slash backwards. The naming can be explained as an anthropomorphism, assuming a bar (|) standing on the baseline, facing in the direction of writing, toppling backwards or forwards, respectively. The (new) Unicode name of \ is REVERSE SOLIDUS.
Senses: glosses: The punctuation mark \.
examples: text: […] I was trying to find a web-site for which I had been given the following address: http://www.isop.ucla.edu/pacrim/pubs/korjournal.htm. […] I began to work backwards, removing first the last part of the address following the last backslash (/korjournal.htm).
ref: 2001, James T. Bretzke, Bibliography on East Asian Religion and Philosophy, Edwin Mellen Press, →ISBN, page 455:
text: “So, do what I tell you. Open a browser window and type this in the menu^([sic]) bar: F-T-P colon backslash backslash euronews dot net backslash...”
I pecked carefully at the keyboard as he dictated a URL that was about fifty characters long, […]
ref: 2010, Lee Vance, The Garden of Betrayal, Random House, published 2011, →ISBN, page 25:
text: Also, avoid submenus^([sic]) that can confuse the audience—if you're giving lengthy Web site addresses full of backslashes, shorten it so only the Web site's home page is given.
ref: 2010, Frank Barnas, Ted White, Broadcast News Writing, Reporting, and Producing, Fifth Edition, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 114:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Used erroneously in reference to, or in reading out, the ordinary slash, that is, the punctuation mark /.
Synonyms: backward slash
reverse solidus
slosh
whack
Coordinate terms: slash
backslash
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbækˌslæʃ/
rhymes: -æʃ
Forms: form: backslashes
form: backslashing
form: backslashed
form: backslashed
form: back slash
Etymology: From back + slash, because it is a slash “leaning back” against the direction of writing (in writing lines from left to right), in contrast to the more common (forward) slash / (“solidus, oblique, diagonal”). The actual direction of (hand-)writing these marks can be reversed, when writing from left to right, top to baseline: the backslash forwards, the (forward) slash backwards. The naming can be explained as an anthropomorphism, assuming a bar (|) standing on the baseline, facing in the direction of writing, toppling backwards or forwards, respectively. The (new) Unicode name of \ is REVERSE SOLIDUS.
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To escape (a metacharacter) by prepending a backslash that serves as an escape character, thereby forming an escape sequence.
Related terms: alt: &
word: ampersand
alt: *; ⁂
word: asterisk and asterism
alt: @
word: at sign
alt: •
word: bullet
alt: † ‡
word: dagger
alt: °
word: degree symbol
alt: #
word: number sign
alt: ′
word: prime
alt: backslash
word: tilde
alt: _
word: underscore
alt: |
word: vertical bar
alt: |
word: pipe
estado
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: estados
Etymology: From Spanish estado (“Spanish fathom, state, status”), from Latin stātus (“standing, state, status”). Doublet of state, status, estate, and stade.
Senses: glosses: A traditional Spanish unit of length, equivalent to about 1.67 m.
Synonyms: word: stade
word: Spanish brace
word: Spanish toise
word: Spanish fathom
word: braza
word: toesa
word: brace
word: toise
english: Spanish contexts
translation: Spanish contexts
word: fathom
Coordinate terms: pie (1⁄6 estado)
codo (1⁄4 estado)
vara (1⁄2 estado)
estadal (2 estados)
cordel (25 estados)
legua (2,500 estados)
ser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of serial.
ser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sers
Senses: glosses: An old Indian unit of weight, equal to 80 tolas, or one fortieth of a maund.
ser
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sers
Etymology: From Middle English ser. Popularised in modern fantasy by George R. R. Martin in the A Song of Ice and Fire series starting in 1996.
Senses: examples: text: He was knighted and became Ser William.
text: "Ser Willem is a good man and true,” said Ser Oswell.
“But not of the Kingsguard,” Ser Gerold pointed out.
ref: 1996, George R. R. Martin, A Game of Thrones: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book One, Bantam, →ISBN:
text: Lady Mary – the Queen's handmaiden – was Ser Gawain's lady; her veil fluttered from his shoulder.
ref: 2014 January 16, Miles Cameron, The Fell Sword, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
text: You don't strike me as an ordinary soldier, are you perchance Ser Lancelot Germaine of the Round Table?
ref: 2023 July 21, Ivan Lekoski, Invictus, Austin Macauley Publishers, →ISBN:
topics: fantasy
glosses: Alternative spelling of sir.
nostril
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: nŏs'trəl
ipa: /ˈnɒs.tɹɪl/
ipa: /ˈnɒs.tɹəl/
ipa: /ˈnɑ.stɹəl/
ipa: /ˈnɔs.tɹəl/
rhymes: -ɒstɹəl
Forms: form: nostrils
form: nosethirl
Etymology: From Middle English nostrille, from Old English nosþyrel. Compare Old Frisian nosterle (“nostril”), modern West Frisian noaster (“nostrill”). Compare also Middle Low German noster (“nostril”), from Proto-Germanic *nustriz (“nostril”). By surface analysis, nose + thirl (“hole”).
Senses: examples: text: […]whether it bee that they bee broken winded and purſiue, or otherwiſe bitten and ſtung with venomous beaſts; in which caſes, there muſt be an injection made vp into the noſthrils, of the juice of Rue in wine.
ref: 1601, Plinius Secundus, translated by Philemon Holland, The Hiſtorie of the World. Commonly Called, the Naturall Hiſtorie […] , London: Impenſis G. B, Book L, Chapter XIII, page 58:
synonyms: intake
nare
naris
nosehole
glosses: Either of the two orifices located on the nose (or on the beak of a bird); used as a passage for air and other gases to travel the nasal passages.
Derived terms: horsenostrilled
internostril
nostriled
nostrilful
nostrility
nostrilled
acharnement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From French acharnement.
Senses: glosses: Savage fierceness; ferocity.
achate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæk.ət/
Forms: form: achates
Etymology: From Middle English achate, agaten, from Old French acate, agate.
Senses: examples: text: Two vasas of berill , 2 of achate , whereof one is esteemed for its bignesse , colour , and carving imboss'd
ref: 1643 November 22 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for November 12 1643]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC:
text: These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone […]
ref: 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
glosses: An agate.
achatour
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: achatours
form: achator
Etymology: From Middle English, from Anglo-Norman achatour, Old French achateor, achateur (“buyer, provider”), derived from achater (“buy, provide”), from Late Latin accaptare, from ad (“to”) + captare (“strive for”).
Senses: glosses: A purveyor of provisions; a provedore.
feast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: fēst
ipa: /fiːst/
rhymes: -iːst
Forms: form: feasts
Etymology: From Middle English feeste, feste, borrowed from Old French feste, from Late Latin festa, from the plural of Latin festum (“holiday, festival, feast”), from Proto-Italic *fēs-tos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s (“god, godhead, deity”); see also Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god, goddess”). More at theo-. Doublet of fete, fiesta, and fest. Displaced Old English winhate.
Senses: examples: text: The seventh day shall be a feast to the Lord.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 13:6:
text: Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 2:41:
glosses: A holiday, festival, especially a religious one
examples: text: We had a feast to celebrate the harvest.
synonyms: banquet
glosses: A very large meal, often of a ceremonial nature.
examples: text: It was a feast for the eyes.
glosses: Something delightful
Derived terms: a contented mind is a perpetual feast
afterfeast
Barmecide feast
bean-feast
beanfeast
bean feast
birthfeast
bull feast
double feast
Dutch feast
enough is as good as a feast
feast day
feaster
feast for the eyes
feastful
feastless
feastlike
feastly
Feast of Asses
Feast of Fools
Feast of Light
Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary
Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels
Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
Feast of the Divine Mercy
Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus
Feast of Trumpets
Feast of Tsing Ming
Feast of Weeks
feast one's eyes
feast or famine
famine or feast
feastware
Feast Week
feasty
festive
fixed feast
forefeast
ghost at the feast
Great Feasts
hog feast
love feast
midnight feast
movable feast
moveable feast
postfeast
prefeast
run feast
silver feast
silver-feast
skeleton at the feast
smell-feast
specter at the feast
spectre at the feast
feast
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: fēst
ipa: /fiːst/
rhymes: -iːst
Forms: form: feasts
form: feasting
form: feasted
form: feasted
Etymology: From Middle English feesten, festen, from Old French fester, from Medieval Latin festāre, from the noun. See above.
Senses: examples: text: I feasted on turkey and dumplings.
glosses: To partake in a feast, or large meal.
examples: text: With my love's picture then my eye doth feast.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 47”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
glosses: To dwell upon (something) with delight.
examples: text: He that shall see this day, and live old age,
Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors
And say “Tomorrow is Saint Crispian.”
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
text: His ancestor, he said, had been feasted there, when he went forward with the then Lord Ravenswood to the fatal battle of Flodden, in which they both fell.
ref: 1819, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter XI, in Tales of My Landlord, Third Series. […], volume II (The Bride of Lammermoor), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:
text: We feasted them after the victory.
glosses: To hold a feast in honor of (someone).
examples: text: 1597–1598, Joseph Hall, Virgidemiarum
Or once a week, perhaps, for novelty / Reez'd bacon-soords shall feast his family.
glosses: To serve as a feast for; to feed sumptuously.
Derived terms: feaster
feasting
feast one's eyes
feast one’s eyes
outfeast
unfeasted
signal
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: sĭgʹnəl
ipa: /ˈsɪɡnəl/
rhymes: -ɪɡnəl
Forms: form: signals
form: signaling
form: signalling
form: signaled
form: signaled
form: signalled
form: signalled
form: signall
Etymology: From Old French segnal, seignal or Medieval Latin signāle; noun use of the neuter of Late Latin signālis, from Latin signum; verb use from 1805, as a shortened from signalize (1650s).
Senses: examples: text: I signalled my acquiescence with a nod.
text: He whistled to signal that we should stop.
text: In order to accommodate the new platform 4 and the reversibly signalled slow line, a deep cutting had to be cut back and held up in places with a concrete retaining wall.
ref: 1962 June, David Walters, “The new station and layout at Coventry”, in Modern Railways, page 405:
text: I signaled for our waiter and ordered two Glenlivets, the only single malt they had behind the bar.
ref: 2015, Andy Nottenkamper, A Rule Not Followed:
text: It is the latest step towards an airline-style advance booking-only system, which rail users have denounced as signalling the end of affordable, immediate travel.
ref: 2024 February 7, Mel Holley, “Network News: LNER ditches Off-Peak for 70min semi-flexible fare”, in RAIL, number 1002, page 6:
text: The break with tradition that Francis, who has died aged 88 after suffering from double pneumonia, represented even managed to trump the shock value of the resignation of Benedict, who was the first pope for 600 years to take that option rather than die in office. Immediately, Bergoglio signalled unambiguously that he intended to be a different kind of pope, one for the 21st century.
ref: 2025 April 21, Peter Stanford, “Pope Francis obituary”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To indicate; to convey or communicate by a signal.
examples: text: Seeing the flames, he ran to the control room and signalled headquarters.
glosses: To communicate with (a person or system) by a signal.
Derived terms: hand-signal
missignal
oversignal
signalise
signalize
undersignal
signal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: sĭgʹnəl
ipa: /ˈsɪɡnəl/
rhymes: -ɪɡnəl
Forms: form: signall
Etymology: From Old French segnal, seignal or Medieval Latin signāle; noun use of the neuter of Late Latin signālis, from Latin signum; verb use from 1805, as a shortened from signalize (1650s).
Senses: examples: text: a signal exploit; a signal success; a signal act of benevolence
text: As ſignal now in low dejected ſtate, / As earſt in higheſt, behold him where he lies.
ref: 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 27:
text: But, setting this view aside, dishonorable would it be in the South were she willing to abandon to shame the memory of brave men who with signal personal disinterestedness warred in her behalf, though from motives, as we believe, so deplorably astray.
ref: 1866, Herman Melville, Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, Supplement:
glosses: Standing above others in rank, importance, or achievement.
Synonyms: eminent
noteworthy
significant
important
notable
Related terms: word: signature
Lojban
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɒʒbæn/
ipa: /ˈloʊʒbæn/
ipa: /ˈloʊʒbɑːn/
Etymology: Borrowed from Lojban lojban., from rafsi loj (“logic”) + ban (“language”).
Senses: examples: text: To ensure Lojban remains stable while people learn it, the language definition is being closely controlled; the grammar and core vocabulary have already been baselined (frozen) for several years.
ref: 2025 October 14 (last accessed), “Chapter 1. Questions and Answers on Lojban”, in lojban.org:
glosses: An artificial language created by Logical Language Group designed to be logical, based on the earlier Loglan.
Derived terms: Lojbanic
Lojbanist
Lojbanistan
Lojbanize
Lojban
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɒʒbæn/
ipa: /ˈloʊʒbæn/
ipa: /ˈloʊʒbɑːn/
Forms: form: more Lojban
form: most Lojban
Etymology: Borrowed from Lojban lojban., from rafsi loj (“logic”) + ban (“language”).
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to Lojban.
Synonyms: Lojbanic
Related terms: Loglan
Loglan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: /ˈlɒɡlæn/
Etymology: Short for logical language.
Senses: glosses: Any of several related artificial languages, designed to be logical, the first of which was developed by James Cooke Brown in the mid-20th century.
examples: text: The Loglan formal grammar is made up of 91 CFG-type rules.
text: Loglan is an isolating language, much like English. That means that once you’ve learned a word, you don’t have to worry about changing its form. Even in English, you have to remember to add ‘-ed’ to a verb to make it refer to the past, and ‘-s’ to nouns to make them plural. In Loglan, you won’t have to do that. Also, some English verbs and nouns have irregular forms. There are no irregular Loglan forms.
ref: 1994 May, Stephen L. Rice, “Loglan 3 : Understanding Loglan”, in www.loglan.org, archived from the original on 10 Dec 2024, retrieved 04 Aug 2012:
text: Typically, the people who develop Romanization systems (or constructed languages like Loglan or Iqglic they'll want their alphabet to minimize surprises so that it's easy to learn. So they'll typically choose letter-sound correspondences from existing languages. Though, they don't necessarily take all of their letters from the same language (which may be your source of confusion).
ref: 2023 September 26, dan04, Linguistics Stack Exchange:
glosses: The original language developed by James Cooke Brown, as maintained by The Loglan Institute.
Related terms: word: Lojban
urls: http://www.loglan.org
word: The Loglan Institute home page
procrastinate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəʊˈkɹæs.tɪ.neɪt/
enpr: prō-krăs'tə-nāt'
ipa: /pɹoʊˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/
ipa: /pɹəˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/
ipa: /pɹəˈkɹæs.tɪ.næɪt/
Forms: form: procrastinates
form: procrastinating
form: procrastinated
form: procrastinated
Etymology: First attested in 1548; from Latin prōcrastinātus, perfect passive participle of prōcrastinō (“defer, put off till tomorrow”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from prō- (“in favor of”) + crāstinus (“of or belonging to tomorrow”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix), from crās (“tomorrow”).
Senses: examples: text: He procrastinated until the last minute and had to stay up all night to finish.
glosses: To delay taking action; to wait until later.
examples: text: Hence It became manifest to the publishers of Webster, that some device must be resorted to, to induce apathy in the publick mind, and thereby procrastinate the inevitable crisis which they foresaw was approaching, the expulsion of his elementary works from our primary schools.
ref: 1816, John Pickering, A vocabulary; or, Collection of words and phrases, page 4:
glosses: To put off; to delay (something).
Synonyms: word: procrastine
word: delay
word: penelopize
word: stall
word: delay
word: postpone
word: put off
word: stall
word: adjourn
word: avert
word: defer
word: dilly-dally
word: draw out
word: extend
word: forslow
word: forestall
word: forestay
word: kick into the long grass
word: kick the can down the road
word: procrastinate
word: prolong
word: prorogue
word: prorogate
word: protract
word: put on hold
word: put on ice
word: retard
word: stay
word: suspend
word: tarry
Hypernyms: word: loiter
word: waste time
Hyponyms: word: hinder
word: penelopize
word: perendinate
word: procrasturbate
word: stall
word: wait
Derived terms: procrastination
procrastinator
Related terms: word: carpe diem cras
word: perendinate
word: tomorrow never comes
word: procrastination is the thief of time
word: deferment