cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
pyrrolidonecarboxylic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Additionally, the relative metabolite intensities of various amino acids, such as 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid, aminoadipic acid, N-acetylhistamine, l -2,3-dihydrodipicolinate, cysteic acid, and pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, were up- or downregulated in the model group, indicating that the metabolism of amino acids was altered during ischemia and hypoxia.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of the Neuroprotective Effects of Scutellarin and Scutellarein against Ischemic Insult”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of pyrrolidone carboxylic.
redispersion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: redispersions
Etymology: From re- + dispersion.
Senses: examples: text: Au-NRs were incubated in BSA at the concentrations shown, subjected to five cycles of centrifugation and redispersion in water and then analyzed for LSPR peak intensity and peak shift.
ref: 2015 July 6, “MUC1-Targeted Cancer Cell Photothermal Ablation Using Bioinspired Gold Nanorods”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: A second or subsequent dispersion; the act of redispersing
redocking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: redockings
Etymology: From re- + docking.
Senses: examples: text: The docked conformation with the best idock score was selected because it was previously shown to be the most likely one closest to the crystal conformation with a redocking success rate of more than 50% on three different benchmarks [6 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “In Silico Identification and In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of Anti-Psychotic Drug Fluspirilene as a Potential CDK2 Inhibitor and a Candidate Anti-Cancer Drug”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: A method of producing a ligand-protein complex
retrotrapezoid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From retro- + trapezoid, in reference to the location of the retrotrapezoid nucleus relative to the trapezoid body.
Senses: examples: text: Orexin A activates retrotrapezoid neurons in mice.
ref: 2012, Orexin/Hypocretin System, →ISBN, page 44:
text: Apart from the pre-Botzinger complex principally involved in controlling inspiratory motor activity, the retrotrapezoid-parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG) appears to play at least a modulatory role and may be a conditional oscillator that controls active expiration.
ref: 2012, Stephen G. Spiro, Gerard A Silvestri, Alvar Agustí, Clinical Respiratory Medicine, →ISBN:
text: The pFRG partially overlaps in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), which was originally identified in adult cats and rats.
ref: 2015 July 6, “A Phox2b BAC Transgenic Rat Line Useful for Understanding Respiratory Rhythm Generator Neural Circuitry”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Pertaining to the retrotrapezoid nucleus; parafacial.
wikipedia: trapezoid body
retrotrapezoid nucleus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: retrotrapezoid nuclei
Senses: glosses: A thin layer of not very densely packed neurons lying between the facial nucleus and the ventral surface of the medulla, which serves as a CO₂ and H⁺ sensor for regulating breathing.
rhizodeposition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rhizodepositions
Etymology: From rhizo- + deposition.
Senses: examples: text: Third, plants exposed to elevated CO 2 can produce larger amounts of organic compounds that enter the soil via rhizodeposition and litterfall [16 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Effects of Long-Term CO 2 Enrichment on Soil-Atmosphere CH 4 Fluxes and the Spatial Micro-Distribution of Methanotrophic Bacteria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: The release of organic compounds from plant roots into the surrounding environment
corralito
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Spanish corralito (literally “playpen”).
Senses: glosses: The economic measures taken in Argentina at the end of 2001 by Minister of Economy Domingo Cavallo in order to stop a bank run.
rejoneo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Spanish rejoneo.
Senses: glosses: The art of bullfighting on horseback using a lance.
Related terms: rejoneador
Culver City
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: The California counties include Alameda, Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Bernardino, Ventura and others. Cities include Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco, San Diego, San Jose, Long Beach, Malibu, Culver City and Huntington Beach (see the full list below).
ref: 2025 May 30, Mark Sternfield, “Trump administration targets California ‘sanctuary’ cities, counties”, in KTLA:
glosses: A city in Los Angeles County, California, United States.
Los Angeles County
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: The California counties include Alameda, Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Bernardino, Ventura and others. Cities include Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco, San Diego, San Jose, Long Beach, Malibu, Culver City and Huntington Beach (see the full list below).
ref: 2025 May 30, Mark Sternfield, “Trump administration targets California ‘sanctuary’ cities, counties”, in KTLA:
text: Fire crews battled two brush fires in northern Los Angeles County on Thursday — the King fire, which ignited near Pyramid Lake in the early morning, and the Hawk fire, which erupted in Acton around 3 p.m., threatening structures and prompting evacuation orders.
ref: 2025 August 14, Grace Toohey and Clara Harter, “Hawk fire grows to 400 acres in Acton as crews begin to get a handle on King fire near Gorman”, in Los Angeles Times, archived from the original on 18 Aug 2025:
glosses: One of 58 counties in California, United States. County seat: Los Angeles. The single most populous county in the United States, with over 10,000,000 inhabitants.
Synonyms: Co. of L.A.
Co. of L. A.
Co. of LA
Co. of Los Angeles
County of Los Angeles
LA
L.A.
L. A.
LA Co
L.A. Co.
L. A. Co.
L. A. County
LA County
L.A. County
Los Angeles
Los Angeles Co
Hyponyms: Bel Air
Beverly Hills
City of Los Angeles
Long Beach
Los Angeles
San Fernando Valley
Studio City
Venice
Venice Beach
scalebar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: scalebars
Senses: examples: text: Orange scalebar represents 3.15 μm.
ref: 2015 July 6, “A Computational Framework for Bioimaging Simulation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of scale bar.
scale bar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: scale bars
Senses: glosses: A graphical representation on a map, drawing or illustration, rather like a ruler, that represents its scale.
schmoo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: schmoos
Senses: examples: text: Interestingly, a schmoo phenotype was noted in 28–30% of sub1Δ hos2Δ haploid cells which were grown in YPD medium, a phenotype not seen in either of the single mutants (Fig 6A).
ref: 2015 July 6, “SUB1 Plays a Negative Role during Starvation Induced Sporulation Program in Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of shmoo.
Related terms: schmoo torte
scriptaid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Use of scriptaid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, which improve ^([sic]) the cloning efficiency of SCNT embryos of miniature pig, in the second series of experiments may have improved the outcome.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Production of Cloned Miniature Pigs Expressing High Levels of Human Apolipoprotein(a) in Plasma”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: A particular histone deacetylase inhibitor
selectant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: selectants
Senses: examples: text: Upon selection with a monoclonal antibody, for example, we can amplify selectant sequences by RT-PCR, regenerate the VLP library, and then repeat this process over multiple rounds of affinity selection.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Identification of an Immunogenic Mimic of a Conserved Epitope on the Plasmodium falciparum Blood Stage Antigen AMA1 Using Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Peptide Display”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: The result of a selection process
Malabar nuts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Malabar nut
selectants
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Surprisingly, this VLP bound to 4G2 more weakly than the other selectants we identified.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Identification of an Immunogenic Mimic of a Conserved Epitope on the Plasmodium falciparum Blood Stage Antigen AMA1 Using Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Peptide Display”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of selectant
Restoration
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Restoration
Senses: topics: history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The events of 1660 when English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were restored under Charles II.
raw_tags: of UK
topics: history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The era of Restoration (1660 to 1685) under Charles II, or to 1688 when James II was king.
raw_tags: of UK
topics: history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The restoring of the Bourbon Dynasty in 1814.
raw_tags: of France
topics: history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The restoring of imperial rule in Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
raw_tags: of Japan
Derived terms: Restoration Day
semithin
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From semi- + thin.
Senses: examples: text: During embedding, we paid outmost care on the orientation of the specimens, and before cutting ultrathin sections, we observed semithin sections to make sure that the medial part of the central brain is in the cutting surface.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Specialized Cortex Glial Cells Accumulate Lipid Droplets in Drosophila melanogaster”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: somewhat thin
serogrouped
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: Only 28.6% (67/234) of the isolates were serogrouped by slide agglutination (SASG), highlighting the reduced capability of carriage strains to express capsular polysaccharide.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Optimization of Molecular Approaches to Genogroup Neisseria meningitidis Carriage Isolates and Implications for Monitoring the Impact of New Serogroup B Vaccines”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: simple past and past participle of serogroup
serogrouping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: In this study, carriage isolates were grouped using a combination of serogrouping and genogrouping approaches to characterize the disease associated serogroups (ABCWY).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Optimization of Molecular Approaches to Genogroup Neisseria meningitidis Carriage Isolates and Implications for Monitoring the Impact of New Serogroup B Vaccines”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: present participle and gerund of serogroup
anacusia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: As for anacusia, the patient may be deaf to certain sounds and not to others, but the differences are not in agreement with those of […]
ref: 1946, Knight Dunlap, Personal Adjustment (page 100)
glosses: Alternative form of anacusis.
seroprotect
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: seroprotects
form: seroprotecting
form: seroprotected
form: seroprotected
Etymology: From sero- + protect.
Senses: glosses: To protect by means of seroprotection
seroprotected
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: examples: text: On day 21, a majority of subjects (66%) in the 30μg HA adjuvanted group (GMT = 34) were seroprotected.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Matrix M H5N1 Vaccine Induces Cross-H5 Clade Humoral Immune Responses in a Randomized Clinical Trial and Provides Protection from Highly Pathogenic Influenza Challenge in Ferrets”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: simple past and past participle of seroprotect
serosanguineous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From sero- + sanguineous.
Senses: examples: text: Eight animals (8/18) had variable amounts of subcutaneous edema, and 2/18 had serosanguineous peritoneal effusion.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Susceptibility of Marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) to Monkeypox Virus: A Low Dose Prospective Model for Monkeypox and Smallpox Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to, or containing both whole blood and serum
Synonyms: serosanguinous
spherite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spherites
Etymology: From sphere + -ite.
Senses: glosses: Any of a group of spherical mineral concretions commonly found in many invertebrates.
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A spherical grain, typically of ovulite.
Synonyms: sense: spherical mineral grain
word: spherocrystal
spherites
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Inside the ventriculum and in the Malpighian tubules wall (close to gut) of all bees, only spherocrystals or spherites (i.e. spherical mineral concretions commonly found in many invertebrates, including insects) were detected (Fig 13 ).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera, L.) as Active Samplers of Airborne Particulate Matter”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of spherite
spherocrystal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spherocrystals
Etymology: From sphero- + crystal.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of spherite.
synonyms: word: spherite
Related terms: spherocrystalline
spherocrystals
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Inside the ventriculum and in the Malpighian tubules wall (close to gut) of all bees, only spherocrystals or spherites (i.e. spherical mineral concretions commonly found in many invertebrates, including insects) were detected (Fig 13 ).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera, L.) as Active Samplers of Airborne Particulate Matter”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of spherocrystal
sphygmanometer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sphygmanometers
Senses: examples: text: Two blood pressure measurements were obtained with a standard sphygmanometer.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Identifying Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Sportsmen: The Additional Value of Pulse Wave Velocity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of sphygmomanometer.
striatums
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: After quantification, the numbers of nuclei in the striatums of both males and females were decreased following FC infusion (Fig 1 ).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Male-Specific Alleviation of Iron-Induced Striatal Injury by Inhibition of Autophagy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of striatum
submembrane
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɛmbɹeɪn
Etymology: From sub- + membrane.
Senses: examples: text: Additionally, redistribution of the globules of submembrane VE-cadherin was found, while little discontinuity of VE-cadherin was observed at 10 μg/mL. Additionally, most of the cells exhibited regular separations from each other, and cells exposed to TNF-α and IL-6 along with the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP exhibited strong distribution of VE-cadherin on the cell border, indicating reduced permeability.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Protective Effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine against Diesel Exhaust Particles-Induced Intracellular ROS Generates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines to Mediate the Vascular Permeability of Capillary-Like Endothelial Tubes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Located beneath a membrane
black mangrove
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: black mangroves
Senses: glosses: A tree or woody shrub common in swampy salt-water areas along the Atlantic tropical coasts of Africa and South America, extending north into the Pacific tropics, and into the Gulf Coast and South Florida in North America (Avicennia germinans)
glosses: Aegiceras corniculatum
glosses: Bruguiera gymnorhiza
glosses: Lumnitzera spp.
black mangroves
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of black mangrove
supradiaphragmatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From supra- + diaphragmatic.
Senses: examples: text: Rate of relapse among patients with supradiaphragmatic disease was 55%, compared to 42% among patients with subdiaphragmatic disease (P = 0.02).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Radiotherapy Compared to Other Strategies in the Treatment of Stage I/II Follicular Lymphoma: A Study of 404 Patients with a Median Follow-Up of 15 Years”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Located above the diaphragm
Related terms: subdiaphragmatic
syringaldehyde
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Blend of syringic + aldehyde?
Senses: examples: text: After 4 days of laccase treatment without mediator, the molecular mass of PSS did not decrease, suggesting that laccase alone has no effect on PSS. PSS degradation products with lowered M n values were formed when the natural mediators p-coumaric acid, syringaldehyde, and the synthetic mediator 1-HBT were additionally included, respectively.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Potential of Wood-Rotting Fungi to Attack Polystyrene Sulfonate and Its Depolymerisation by Gloeophyllum trabeum via Hydroquinone-Driven Fenton Chemistry”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: The aromatic aldehyde 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, related to syringic acid
talins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Talin showed two isoforms in rohu, where as talin-1 and talin-2 in model vertebrates produces two talins through alternative mRNA splicing [75 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Construction, De-Novo Assembly and Analysis of Transcriptome for Identification of Reproduction-Related Genes and Pathways from Rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of talin
tapetal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtæpɪtəl/
rhymes: -æpɪtəl
Etymology: From tapetum + -al.
Senses: examples: text: The two affected siblings showed pale disc, attenuated vessels, normal macula and plenty of hypo-pigmented lesion, tapetal reflex was seen at the background in the elder sibling (34y), whereas the younger sibling (27yrs) had little hypo-pigmentation.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Homozygosity Mapping in Leber Congenital Amaurosis and Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa in South Indian Families”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to a tapetum
tendomuscular
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ʌskjʊlə(ɹ)
Etymology: From tendo- + muscular.
Senses: examples: text: A 5/0 polypropylene traction suture (Prolene; Ethicon, Dilbeek, Belgium) was placed at the anterolateral edge of the diaphragm prior to standardized resection of 2.0 x 1.0 cm of the lateral tendomuscular part of the diaphragm, approximating ⅓ to ½ of the diaphragm.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Diaphragm Repair with a Novel Cross-Linked Collagen Biomaterial in a Growing Rabbit Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: Relating to a tendon and a muscle
thermostabilized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From thermo- + stabilized.
Senses: examples: text: In strict contrast to what was observed for the thermodynamically thermostabilized mutants, this mutant showed a destabilization of rigid contacts both locally and globally (Fig 6C and 6F ; see also Figure G in S1 File, where a similar finding is depicted for mutants IX and XI).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Structural Rigidity and Protein Thermostability in Variants of Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Stabilized by thermostabilization.
goes dark
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of go dark
thiosulphuranyl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: As noted, the proximity of Met356 to Cys125 in tmNrdD is compatible with the reaction mechanism proposed for the majority of class III RNRs, involving a thiosulphuranyl radical [48 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “The Crystal Structure of Thermotoga maritima Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase Lacks a Radical Cysteine Pre-Positioned in the Active Site”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Misspelling of thiosulfuranyl.
shrimp plant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shrimp plants
Senses: glosses: A tropical Mexican shrub, Justicia brandegeeana, grown ornamentally for the colorful bracts surrounding its flowers.
shrimp plants
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of shrimp plant
going dark
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of go dark
thiosulfuranyl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A disulfide radical associated with the furan ring of a ribonucleotide
nonthirsty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + thirsty.
Senses: glosses: Not thirsty.
unthirsty
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unthirsty
form: most unthirsty
Etymology: From un- + thirsty.
Senses: glosses: Not thirsty.
tilacoidal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Disorganization in tilacoidal membranes, poorly developed chloroplasts (Fig 1E ), and rupture of the nuclear membrane (Fig 1F ), were verified in this progeny.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Molecular, Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Pb Toxicity in Seedlings of Theobroma cacao L.”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of thylakoidal.
unigenes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: We also eliminated unigenes with no uniquely aligning reads, leaving 83,705 unigenes in the final root-tip transcriptome.
ref: 2015 July 6, “De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Identification of Gene Candidates for Rapid Evolution of Soil Al Tolerance in Anthoxanthum odoratum at the Long-Term Park Grass Experiment”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of unigene
acylphosphatase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: acylphosphatases
Etymology: From acylphosphate + -ase.
Senses: examples: text: This is the case of acylphosphatase from Drosophila melanogaster (AcPDro2).
ref: 2015 April 16, Rafael Zambrano et al., “AGGRESCAN3D (A3D): server for prediction of aggregation properties of protein structures”, in Nucleic Acids Research, volume 43, →DOI:
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: The enzyme acylphosphate phosphohydrolase.
acylphosphatases
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of acylphosphatase
chuparosa
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chuparosas
Etymology: From Mexican Spanish chuparrosa (“hummingbird”).
Senses: glosses: A flowering desert shrub, Justicia californica, native to southern California, Arizona, and northern Mexico.
virosome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: virosomes
Etymology: From viro- + -some.
Senses: glosses: the reconstituted membrane of an enveloped virus
Related terms: virosomal
virosomally
curatively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From curative + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a curative manner.
virosomes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of virosome
chuparosas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of chuparosa
virosomal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From virosome + -al.
Senses: glosses: Relating to a virosome
Derived terms: virosomally
diosmetin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An O-methylated flavone found in the Caucasian vetch.
Related terms: diosmin
pratol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From pratense + -ol.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An O-methylated flavone found in Trifolium pratense.
volkensin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From volkensii + -in.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A toxic ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the roots of Adenia volkensii
ecometabolomic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to ecometabolomics.
ecotoxicogenomic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Metabolomics studies account for approximately 5% of published ecotoxicogenomic studies.
ref: 2015 May 29, Hyo Jeong Kim et al., “Ecotoxicogenomic Approaches for Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Chemical Toxicity Using Aquatic Invertebrate, Daphnia Model Organism”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 16, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to ecotoxicogenomics.
extramacular
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From extra- + macular.
Senses: examples: text: In the RPE-choroid there was evidence of wound response in both macular and extramacular regions, whereas in the retina the region of response was limited to the macula, as is the primary visual loss.
ref: 2015 June 19, Monte J. Radeke et al., “Restoration of mesenchymal retinal pigmented epithelial cells by TGFβ pathway inhibitors: implications for age-related macular degeneration”, in Genome Medicine, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: Outside of the macula.
zooxanthellan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: zooxanthellans
Etymology: From zooxanthella + -an.
Senses: glosses: Any of a group of dinoflagellates of the zooxanthellae, represented by genus Symbiodinium and its allies, symbionts involved in coral.
fumitremorgin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: fumitremorgins
Senses: examples: text: Similarly, ABCG2 and SLC22A1 inhibition by fumitremorgin C and amantadine, respectively, did not result in any significant difference in intracellular bosutinib levels.
ref: 2015 July 7, Sara Redaelli et al., “In vitro and in vivo identification of ABCB1 as an efflux transporter of bosutinib”, in Journal of Hematology & Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: Any of a class of tremorogenic metabolites of Aspergillus and Penicillium.
fumitremorgins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of fumitremorgin
geomorphometric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From geomorphometry + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: Lithic analysts employ geomorphometric methods in order to characterize, measure and analyze stone tools with newly invented mediums.
ref: 2015 July 2, Georgios Styliaras, “Towards a web-based archaeological excavation platform for smartphones: review and potentials”, in SpringerPlus, volume 4, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to geomorphometry.
Derived terms: geomorphometrically
geomorphometrically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From geomorphometric + -ally.
Senses: glosses: In terms of, or by means of, geomorphometry.
geomorphometry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From geo- + morphometry.
Senses: glosses: The science of quantitative land surface analysis.
Derived terms: geomorphometric
zooxanthellans
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of zooxanthellan
outshore
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From out- + shore.
Senses: glosses: offshore
immunoactivity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunoactivities
Etymology: From immuno- + activity.
Senses: examples: text: Magnification X 100 Immunohistochemistry analysis of collagen type I, OPG and RANKL (−; no immunoreactivity, +; weak immunoactivity, ++; moderate immunoactivity, +++; strong immunoactivity, Abbreviations: OPG osteoprotegerin, RANKL receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand) In the analysis of OPG expression, it shows moderate expression at 2, 4 weeks, and decrease at 8 weeks.
ref: 2015 July 2, Ho-Chul Kim et al., “Combined effect of bisphosphonate and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 on bone healing of rat calvarial defects”, in Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, volume 37, →DOI:
glosses: The quality or degree of being immunoactive.
immunoactivities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of immunoactivity
mannooligosaccharides
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of mannooligosaccharide
suprasensuality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From supra- + sensual + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being suprasensual.
anticommandeering
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: anti-commandeering
Etymology: From anti- + commandeering.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: That prohibits the federal government from commandeering state governments
maresins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of maresin
efferocytosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: The process by which dead or dying cells are removed by phagocytic cells.
Derived terms: efferocytotic
Related terms: efferosome
efferocytic
mannooligosaccharide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: mannooligosaccharides
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any oligosaccharide composed of mannose units
efferosome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: efferosomes
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: A fluid-filled vesicle containing a dead cell, formed during efferocytosis.
efferosomes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of efferosome
efferocytotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From efferocytosis + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to efferocytosis.
nondeference
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From non- + deference.
Senses: glosses: The absence of deference
microleakage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: microleakages
Etymology: From micro- + leakage.
Senses: glosses: microscale leakage
microleakages
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of microleakage
multiperforated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From multi- + perforated.
Senses: examples: text: At least one multiperforated inflow catheter is placed through a 10–12 mm port in Douglas pouch with at least one multiperforated outflow catheter in the right subphrenic space.
ref: 2015 May 24, Charlotte E L Klaver et al., “Adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with colon cancer at high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis; the COLOPEC randomized multicentre trial”, in BMC Cancer, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Having multiple perforations.
nonarrogation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From non- + arrogation.
Senses: glosses: The absence of arrogation
multishift
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From multi- + shift.
Senses: glosses: Relating to more than one shift.
nanotextures
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of nanotexture
nanotextured
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From nano- + textured.
Senses: glosses: Having a nanoscale texture.
microtextured
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From micro- + textured.
Senses: glosses: Having a microscale texture.
overdeterrence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From over- + deterrence.
Senses: glosses: Excessive deterrence
nonpiliated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + piliated.
Senses: examples: text: This finding is consistent with previous work, which revealed a dichotomy between piliated tissue-associated UPEC and nonpiliated bacteria found in the urine of the same infected mouse.
ref: 2015 June 30, Sarah E. Greene et al., “Human Urine Decreases Function and Expression of Type 1 Pili in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli”, in mBio, volume 6, →DOI:
glosses: Not piliated.
nanotextural
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From nano- + textural.
Senses: glosses: Relating to nanotexture.
microtextural
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From micro- + textural.
Senses: glosses: Relating to microtexture.
pancreatoenteric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pancreato- + enteric.
Senses: examples: text: We believe this is a less invasive, more effective, and better tolerated strategy for the management of pancreatoenteric fistula in a selected group of high risk patients, and needs further investigation.
ref: 2013 May 31, Kun-Moo Choi, Young-Don Kim, Jae-Hong Ahn, “Closure of pancreatoduodenal fistula using vascular occluding coil embolization and fibrin glue injection: a case study”, in Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, volume 17, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to the pancreas and intestine.
speedhump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: speedhumps
Senses: examples: text: The 22-year-old Serbian made a total of 27 winners, compared to just four from Meusburger. 2. 30pm UPDATE: The Bernard Tomic bandwagon, which was starting to gain momentum, has hit a speedhump with the young Aussie losing the second set 1-6.
ref: 2009 January 19, Finn Bradshaw with AAP, “Day 1 update - History is made at the Australian Open”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 22 Feb 2009:
glosses: Alternative form of speed hump.
pheochromocyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pheochromocytes
Etymology: From pheochrome + -o- + -cyte.
Senses: examples: text: It should be noted that the PC12 cell line is derived from electrically inexcitable pheochromocytes.
ref: 2015 May 15, Gagandip K. Poone et al., “The Hypothermic Influence on CHOP and Ero1-α in an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Model of Cerebral Ischemia”, in Brain Sciences, volume 5, →DOI:
glosses: A chromaffin cell.
Related terms: pheochromocytoma
pheochromocytes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pheochromocyte
pheophorbide A
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A product of chlorophyll breakdown, used as a photosensitizer.
speedwork
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: speed work
Etymology: From speed + work.
Senses: examples: text: He has been one of the main beneficiaries of a revamped pre-season program that has seen the Kangaroos doing more gridiron-based repeat power efforts and speedwork.
ref: 2009 January 19, Sam Edmund, “Roo plans second coming”, in Herald Sun:
glosses: physical exercise that concentrates on speed
polyphenisms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of polyphenism
pheophorbide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pheophorbides
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of several breakdown products of pheophytin
Derived terms: bacteriopheophorbide
hydroxypheophorbide
pheophorbide A
pyropheophorbide
potentializes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of potentialize
potentialized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of potentialize
potentializing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of potentialize
airwing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: airwings
Senses: examples: text: More than 35 police, the police airwing, water police, two dog units and SES volunteers searched the beachfront, scrub land, Beach Rd, Mordialloc CBD and the creekbank in hope of finding the child alive.
ref: 2009 January 21, Alice Coster, “Four-year-old girl drowns at Mordialloc beach”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 03 Mar 2009:
glosses: Alternative form of air wing.
rigosertib
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: A phase III study of rigosertib in combination with gemcitabine is also underway in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (NCT01360853).
ref: 2015 June 5, Xiaoqi Liu, “Targeting Polo-Like Kinases: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Cancer Treatment1”, in Translational Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: A synthetic benzyl styryl sulfone undergoing clinical trials as an anticancer agent.
air wing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: air wings
Senses: glosses: A military or police unit that is equipped with aircraft
vemurafenib
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From V600E mutated BRAF inhibition.
Senses: examples: text: This prompted numerous novel targeted cancer medicines guided by a CDx assay to seek the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), including cetuximab, crizotinib, vemurafenib etc.
ref: 2015 June 12, Ildar Akhmetov et al., “Market Access Advancements and Challenges in “Drug-Companion Diagnostic Test” Co-Development in Europe”, in Journal of Personalized Medicine, volume 5, →DOI:
glosses: A drug for the treatment of late-stage melanoma.
lowkey
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more lowkey
form: most lowkey
Senses: examples: text: Andy C, Hi-Fi Bar & Ballroom, 125 Swanston St, city, Sat Claude VonStroke, Revolver, 229 Chapel St, Prahran, Sun Betterdays, Carousel, 22 Aughtie Dve, Albert Park Lake, Mon, 1pm big night out Big Day Out's cult DJs are down for lowkey side-gigs on Saturday.
ref: 2009 January 22, “Club land”, in Herald Sun:
glosses: Alternative spelling of low-key.
uroplakins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of uroplakin
Walthard cell rest
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Walthard cell rests
Etymology: Named after Swiss gynecologist Max Walthard (1867–1933), who described them in 1903.
Senses: glosses: A benign cluster of epithelial cells most commonly found in the connective tissue of the Fallopian tubes, but also seen in the mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and ovarian hilus.
foresaken
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: "By declining their request, the BBC has already taken sides and foresaken impartiality.
ref: 2009 January 26, From correspondents in London, “BBC stands firm in Gaza aid appeal row”, in Herald Sun:
glosses: Misspelling of forsaken.
somatised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of somatise
somatising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of somatise
topweight
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: topweights
Etymology: From top + weight.
Senses: glosses: The horse, in a particular race, carrying the heaviest weight
sporangiospores
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sporangiospore
topweights
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Special silks in the colours of the Australian flag were worn by the topweights in all Victorian races over the weekend.
ref: 2009 January 27, Tim Habel, “Peter Hutchison cops an eyeful of a rare condition”, in Herald Sun:
glosses: plural of topweight
subanesthetic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From sub- + anesthetic.
Senses: examples: text: Of particular note, although ketamine is normally considered a locomotor stimulant at subanesthetic doses, we have found locomotor depressant effects at very low subanesthetic doses.
ref: 2015, Keith A. Trujillo et al., “The Neurobehavioral Pharmacology of Ketamine: Implications for Drug Abuse, Addiction, and Psychiatric Disorders”, in ILAR Journal, volume 52, →DOI:
glosses: Being a lower dose than would cause anesthesia.
glosses: Relating to subanesthesia
subanaesthetic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From sub- + anaesthetic.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of subanesthetic.
alphanodavirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: alphanodaviruses
Etymology: From the genus name.
Senses: glosses: Any of the genus Alphanodavirus of viruses in the family Nodaviridae.
Related terms: alphanodaviral
alphanodaviral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to the alphanodaviruses.
alphanodaviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of alphanodavirus
autophagolysosomal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: In addition, cathelicidin promotes autophagy, which enhances autophagolysosomal fusion and antimicrobial activity.
ref: 2015, Juliana de Castro Kroner, Andrea Sommer, Mario Fabri, “Vitamin D Every Day to Keep the Infection Away?”, in Nutrients, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to autophagolysosomes.
barnavirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: barnaviruses
Etymology: From the genus name.
Senses: glosses: Any of the genus Barnavirus of viruses in the family Barnaviridae.
barnaviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of barnavirus
biomethylate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: biomethylates
form: biomethylating
form: biomethylated
form: biomethylated
Etymology: From bio- + methylate.
Senses: examples: text: In addition, plants and microorganisms can biomethylate Se, which can result in a loss of Se to the atmosphere.
ref: 2015, Lenny H.E. Winkel et al., “Selenium Cycling Across Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interfaces: A Critical Review”, in Nutrients, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: To perform biomethylation upon.
biomethylated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of biomethylate
biomethylates
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of biomethylate
biomethylating
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of biomethylate
cleavability
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cleavabilities
Etymology: From cleave + -ability.
Senses: examples: text: However, increasing the virulence of rNDV by increasing cleavability of the F protein lead^([sic]) to a significant improvement of oncolytic activity of recombinant NDV.
ref: 2015, Pascal Buijs et al., “Recombinant Immunomodulating Lentogenic or Mesogenic Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma”, in Viruses, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: Quality or degree of being cleavable.
cleavabilities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cleavability
cocksfoot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cocksfoots
form: cock's-foot
form: cock's foot
Etymology: From cock + -s- + foot.
Senses: examples: text: The measurements of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes of cocksfoot plants susceptible to CfMV and plants with acquired immunity to CfMV, show completely different patterns in up- and down-regulation after inoculation of CfMV.
ref: 2015, Merike Sõmera et al., “Overview on Sobemoviruses and a Proposal for the Creation of the Family Sobemoviridae”, in Viruses, volume 7, →DOI:
text: If I give my imagination free rein on this sultry afternoon, I could almost believe this shoulder-high grassland – a shimmering sea of false oat, cock’s-foot and meadow foxtail – is African savanna.
ref: 2021 July 21, Phil Gates, “Country diary: this forgotten grassland is a butterfly Serengeti”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Any of the genus Dactylis of Eurasian and North African bluegrasses, especially Dactylis glomerata.
cocksfoots
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cocksfoot
cytometrical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Synonym of cytometric.
synonyms: word: cytometric
denaturalised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of denaturalise
denaturalises
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of denaturalise
denaturalising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of denaturalise
dicistrovirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dicistroviruses
Senses: examples: text: However there is still a lack of information concerning the pathology of these dicistroviruses in wild non-Apis pollinators.
ref: 2015, Niels Piot et al., “The Effect of Oral Administration of dsRNA on Viral Replication and Mortality in Bombus terrestris”, in Viruses, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: Any member of the virus family Dicistroviridae in the order Picornavirales.
dicistroviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dicistrovirus
enamovirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: enamoviruses
Etymology: From the genus name.
Senses: glosses: Any member of the virus genus Enamovirus in the family Luteoviridae.
enamoviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of enamovirus
Eppendorf tube
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Eppendorf tubes
Etymology: Named after a company that manufactures them, based in Eppendorf, Hamburg.
Senses: glosses: microcentrifuge tube
Eppendorf tubes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Eppendorf tube
hypotriglyceridaemic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more hypotriglyceridaemic
form: most hypotriglyceridaemic
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of hypotriglyceridemic.
hypotriglyceridemic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more hypotriglyceridemic
form: most hypotriglyceridemic
Etymology: From hypotriglyceridemia + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to, or exhibiting, hypotriglyceridemia.
machlomovirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: machlomoviruses
Etymology: From the genus name.
Senses: glosses: Any of the genus Machlomovirus of plant viruses, in the family Tombusviridae.
machlomoviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of machlomovirus
matrigels
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of matrigel
neurospecificity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From neuro- + specificity.
Senses: examples: text: One model solved this issue by pseudotyping a lentivirus vector with rabies glycoprotein, which displays neurospecificity and is able to naturally cross the blood-brain barrier.
ref: 2015, John B. Presloid, Isabel S. Novella, Andrew Mehle, “RNA Viruses and RNAi: Quasispecies Implications for Viral Escape”, in Viruses, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: The quality of being neurospecific.
normospermia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The condition of producing a normal volume and quality of semen.
Related terms: abnormospermia
normospermic
oligospermia
organoselenides
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of organoselenide
pentaribonucleotides
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pentaribonucleotide
polerovirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: poleroviruses
Etymology: From the genus name.
Senses: glosses: Any member of the plant virus genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae.
poleroviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of polerovirus
radiotolerance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: radiotolerances
Etymology: From radio- + tolerance.
Senses: glosses: tolerance to radiation
Related terms: radiotolerant
radiotolerances
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of radiotolerance
semipersistent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From semi- + persistent.
Senses: examples: semipersistent foliage
glosses: Somewhat persistent, but not permanent.
examples: text: The virus particle formation is also important for vector transmission due to the high RNase activities in regurgitant of leaf-feeding beetles who can transmit sobemoviruses in a semipersistent manner.
ref: 2015, Merike Sõmera et al., “Overview on Sobemoviruses and a Proposal for the Creation of the Family Sobemoviridae”, in Viruses, volume 7, →DOI:
glosses: Involving the virus entering the foregut of an insect.
raw_tags: of virus transmission
sobemoviral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to the sobemoviruses.
umbravirus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: umbraviruses
Etymology: From the genus name.
Senses: glosses: Any plant virus of the genus Umbravirus
Related terms: umbraviral
umbraviruses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of umbravirus
corneoscleral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From corneo- + scleral.
Senses: glosses: Relating to the cornea and sclera of the eye.
enantiomerical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From enantiomer + -ical.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of enantiomeric.
synonyms: word: enantiomeric
endosialin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From endo- + sialo- + -in.
Senses: glosses: A protein of uncertain function, encoded in humans by the CD248 gene.
sabbatized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of sabbatize
sabbatizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of sabbatize