cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
flew
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fluː/
ipa: /fluʊ̯/
ipa: /fljuː/
rhymes: -uː
homophone: flu
homophone: flue
Forms: form: more flew
form: most flew
form: flue
Senses: glosses: shallow; flat
flew
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fluː/
ipa: /fluʊ̯/
ipa: /fljuː/
rhymes: -uː
homophone: flu
homophone: flue
Senses: glosses: simple past of flay
flown
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfləʊn/
rhymes: -əʊn
ipa: /ˈfloʊn/
Etymology: From Middle English flowen, floȝen, from Old English flogen, ġeflogen, past participle of Old English flēogan (“to fly”).
Senses: glosses: past participle of fly
flown
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfləʊn/
rhymes: -əʊn
ipa: /ˈfloʊn/
Etymology: From Middle English flowen, floȝen, from Old English flogen, ġeflogen, past participle of Old English flēogan (“to fly”).
Senses: examples: flown scenery
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
glosses: Suspended in the flies.
Derived terms: high-flown
unflown
flown
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfləʊn/
rhymes: -əʊn
ipa: /ˈfloʊn/
Etymology: From Middle English flowen (attested in derived verbs such as overflowen), from Old English flōwen, ġeflowen, past participle of Old English flōwan (“to flow”).
Senses: glosses: past participle of flow
forbid
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɚˈbɪd/
ipa: /fəˈbɪd/
rhymes: -ɪd
Forms: form: forbids
form: forbidding
form: forbade
form: forbad
form: forbidded
form: forbid
form: forbidden
Etymology: From Middle English forbeden, from Old English forbēodan (“to forbid, prohibit, restrain, refuse, repeal, annul”), from Proto-Germanic *furibeudaną, from *furi + *beudaną. Equivalent to for- (“from, away”) + bid (“to offer, proclaim”). Cognate with Dutch verbieden (“to forbid”), German verbieten (“to forbid”), Danish forbyde (“to forbid”),
Norwegian Bokmål forby (“to forbid”), Swedish förbjuda (“to forbid”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (faurbiudan). Related to forbode.
Senses: examples: text: Smoking in the restaurant is forbidden.
text: […] the Mole recollected that animal-etiquette forbade any sort of comment on the sudden disappearance of one's friends at any moment, for any reason or no reason whatever.
ref: 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:
text: Solon also forbade the export of corn and other agricultural products, with the single exception of olive oil, of which Athens had a surplus.
ref: 1998, Robert Garland, Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks, Greenwood Press, →ISBN, page 8:
glosses: To disallow; to proscribe.
examples: text: Have I not forbid her my house?
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:
glosses: To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command.
examples: text: An impassable river forbids the approach of the army.
text: a blaze of glory that forbids the sight
ref: 1687, [John Dryden], “(please specify the page number)”, in The Hind and the Panther. A Poem, in Three Parts, 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:
glosses: To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command.
examples: text: He shall live a man forbid.
ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
glosses: To accurse; to blast.
examples: text: What part of "no" do you forbid to understand?
text: So there is a resemblance between the partie that here gives licence to come to the tree of life, and the other that forbid to come to it. The one threatned with a sword; the other promiseth to the persons that keep the condition here expressed
ref: 1598, Lancelot Andrewes, sermon preached in the Parish Church of St. Giles without Cripplegate, London:
glosses: To defy; to challenge.
Synonyms: prohibit
disallow
ban
veto
Derived terms: forbiddable
forbiddal
forbiddance
forbidder
forbidding
Goddess forbid
God forbid
heaven forbid
reforbid
unforbid
forbade
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fə(ɹ)ˈbæd/
ipa: /fə(ɹ)ˈbeɪd/
ipa: /fɔ(ɹ)-/
rhymes: -æd
rhymes: -eɪd
Forms: form: forbad
Senses: glosses: simple past of forbid
Related terms: bade
forbidden
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈbɪdn̩/
ipa: /fɚˈbɪdn̩/
rhymes: -ɪdən
Forms: form: more forbidden
form: most forbidden
Etymology: Past participle of the verb forbid. Doublet of verboten. Compare German verboten, Dutch verboden, Swedish förbjuden, and West Frisian ferbean.
Senses: examples: text: Maſters commands come with a power reſiſtleſs / To ſuch as owe them abſolute ſubjection; / And for a life who will not change his purpoſe? / (So mutable are all the ways of men) / Yet this be ſure, in nothing to comply / Scandalous or forbidden in our Law.
ref: 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 83, lines 415–420:
text: This kind of immediate control structure we take to be characteristic of the tribe, and it leads to a rather rigid type of system in which 'every action not mandatory is forbidden'.
ref: 1999, Ian Stewart, Jack Cohen, Figments of Reality: The Evolution of the Curious Mind, page 276:
synonyms: prohibited
verboten
proscribed
glosses: Not allowed; specifically disallowed.
Derived terms: Forbidden City
forbidden degree
forbidden experiment
forbidden fruit
forbidden fruit is the sweetest
forbiddenly
forbiddenness
forbidden pants
forbidden rice
nonforbidden
semiforbidden
unforbidden
Related terms: taboo
forbidden
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈbɪdn̩/
ipa: /fɚˈbɪdn̩/
rhymes: -ɪdən
Etymology: Past participle of the verb forbid. Doublet of verboten. Compare German verboten, Dutch verboden, Swedish förbjuden, and West Frisian ferbean.
Senses: glosses: past participle of forbid
forego
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈɡoʊ/
ipa: /fɔːˈɡəʊ/
rhymes: -əʊ
homophone: forgo
Forms: form: foregoes
form: foregoing
form: forewent
form: foregone
Etymology: From Middle English forgan, from Old English foregān, equivalent to fore- + go.
Senses: examples: text: pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone
ref: 1815, William Wordsworth, Methought I saw:
glosses: To precede, to go before.
Synonyms: antecede
come before
precede
Derived terms: foregoer
forego
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈɡoʊ/
ipa: /fɔːˈɡəʊ/
rhymes: -əʊ
homophone: forgo
Forms: form: foregoes
form: foregoing
form: forewent
form: foregone
Etymology: See forgo
Senses: examples: text: […] for on no other terms does she desire a reconciliation, but will sooner forego all the hopes to which her birth entitles her, and get her bread by service, than ever yield to become the wife of the ——.
ref: Febraury 1762, T. Waller, “The White Witch of the Wood, or the Devil of Broxbon”, in The Beauties of all the Magazines Selected, for the Year 1762, volume I, page 34:
text: A study funded by the FMCSA found that although several heavy-vehicle manufacturers have voluntarily made AEB “standard” on many new truck models, they also offer “deletion credits” to customers who choose to remove AEB, which provides customers financial incentive to forego the technology and which ultimately reduces voluntary adoption rates
ref: 2024, NTSB, Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05, Rear-End Collision Between Combination Vehicle and Medium-Size Bus:
glosses: Alternative spelling of forgo; to abandon, to relinquish
forgo
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːˈɡəʊ/
ipa: /fɔɹˈɡoʊ/
rhymes: -əʊ
Forms: form: forgoes
form: forgoing
form: forwent
form: forgoed
form: forgone
form: forwent
form: forgoed
form: forego
Etymology: From Middle English forgon (“to go by, pass up”), from Old English forgān (“to go away, forgo”); equivalent to for- + go.
Senses: examples: text: I've had to forgo my student discount in exchange for taking the job.
text: Mr. Hoyle, who does not believe many multiple-unit diesel services on secondary routes will resist for ever the road transport challenge, would forgo passenger traffic altogether on a little-used route in order to improve the quality of the freight working and reduce its costs by equating the average speed of all trains on the line concerned.
ref: 1960 February, “Talking of Trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 67:
text: You might think that Americans buy roughly the same number of fitted sheets as flats. Or, considering the market for electric blankets, duvets, and other covers, that consumers buy even more bottom sheets, simply forgoing the tops.
ref: 1986, New York Magazine, volume 19, number 49, page 20:
glosses: To do without (something enjoyable); to relinquish.
examples: text: I shall forgo actually stepping inside, thank you.
glosses: To refrain from, to abstain from.
Derived terms: forgoable
forgoer
forewent
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔɹwɛnt/
rhymes: -ɛnt
Etymology: fore- + went
Senses: glosses: simple past of forego
foregone
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔɹɡɔn/
rhymes: -ɒn
Senses: examples: text: "We need a different understanding of revenues and public expenditure. The 15-year freeze on fuel duty and lack of tax on aviation fuel are effectively a huge subsidy to those forms of travel, but they are not described as subsidy because they are foregone revenue. Yet if you invest to hold rail fares, it's seen as subsidy."
ref: 2025 May 28, Ben Plowden talks to Anthony Lambert, “The railway is an essential public service”, in RAIL, number 1036, page 33:
glosses: past participle of forego
foregone
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔɹɡɔn/
rhymes: -ɒn
Forms: form: more foregone
form: most foregone
Senses: glosses: previous, former
examples: text: For with the dream foregone, foregone,
The deed forborne for ever,
The worm, regret, will canker on,
And time will turn him never.
ref: 1874, William Henley, O, Gather Me the Rose:
glosses: bygone
examples: text: I know people are still going through the details but it's not a foregone conclusion that it will get confirmation by the Senate.
ref: 2018 October 2, Erik Wasson, quoting John Cornyn, “Senate Approval of New Nafta Not a 'Foregone Conclusion,’ Republican Says”, in Bloomberg:
glosses: inevitable; settled
Synonyms: word: preceding
word: used-to-be
word: former
sense: bygone
word: forepassed
word: historical
word: past
sense: inevitable
word: avoidless
word: unescapable
word: inevitable
Derived terms: foregone conclusion
foregoneness
unforegone
foresee
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈsi/
ipa: /fɔːˈsiː/
rhymes: -iː
Forms: form: foresees
form: foreseeing
form: foresaw
form: foreseen
Etymology: From Middle English foreseen, forseen, from Old English foresēon; equivalent to fore- + see. Similar formations in Dutch voorzien, German vorsehen, Latin prōvideō, (whence provide and purvey), Ancient Greek πρόοιδα (próoida), Polish przewidzieć, Russian провидеть (providetʹ).
Senses: examples: text: A prudent man foreſeeth the euill, and hideth himſelfe: but the ſimple paſſe on, and are puniſhed.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 22:3:
text: Ariel. My Maſter through his Art foreſees the danger
 That you (his friend) are in, and ſends me forth
 (For elſe his proiect dies) to keepe them liuing.
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 8:
text: "I foresee in this," he says, "the breaking up of our profession."
ref: 1838, Charles Dickens, The Lamplighter:
text: One might imagine that the directors foresaw the somewhat uninspiring appearance of the future Manchester stations, and decided to start as it was intended to go on.
ref: 1957 September 23, M. D. Greville and G. O. Holt, “Railway Development in Manchester—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 615:
glosses: To perceive (a situation or event) in advance.
examples: text: Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without foreseeing means of life.
ref: 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Vicissitude of Things”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
glosses: To provide.
Synonyms: anticipate
predict
think
Derived terms: foreseeability
foreseeable
foreseer
Related terms: forsee
unforeseen
foresaw
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈsɔ/
rhymes: -ɔː
Senses: glosses: simple past of foresee
foreseen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈsiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Senses: examples: text: easily foreseen
text: The crisis could not have been foreseen.
text: She acted on foreseen consequences.
glosses: past participle of foresee
Derived terms: unforeseen
syntax
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪn.tæks/
homophone: sin tax
Forms: form: syntaxes
form: syntaces
form: syntices
Etymology: Partly from Late Latin syntaxis and partly from its etymon, Ancient Greek σύνταξις (súntaxis), from σύν (sún, “together”) + τάξις (táxis, “arrangement”), from τάσσω (tássō, “I arrange”). Doublet of syntaxis.
Senses: examples: text: The incorporation of a rule of V MOVEMENT into our description of English Syntax turns out to have fundamental theoretical implications for our overall Theory of Grammar: it means that we are no longer able to posit that the syntactic structure of a sentence can be described in terms of a single Phrase-marker representing its S-structure. For, the postulation of a rule of V-MOVEMENT means that we must recognise at least two different levels of structure in our Theory of Grammar — namely, a level of D-structure (formerly known as ‘Deep Structureʼ) which serves as input to the rule, and a separate level of S-structure which is formed by application of the rule.
ref: 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 8, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 410:
glosses: A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The formal rules of formulating the statements of a computer language.
examples: text: [Otto] Jespersen, a language professor known for his expertise in syntax and language development, stated that headlinese is not really grammatical writing.
ref: 2021 May 29, Richard Nordquist, “What Is Headlinese?”, in ThoughtCo:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The study of the structure of phrases, sentences, and language.
Synonyms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: syntaxis
Derived terms: morphosyntax
spread syntax
syntactic
syntactician
syntax error
syntax highlighting
Related terms: grammar
morphology
word order
enterprise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/
ipa: /ˈɛntɚˌpɹaɪz/
Forms: form: enterprises
form: enterprising
form: enterprised
form: enterprised
form: enterprize
form: entreprise
Etymology: From Old French via Middle English and Middle French entreprise, feminine past participle of entreprendre (“to undertake”), from entre (“in between”) + prendre (“to take”), from Latin inter + prehendō, see prehensile.
Senses: examples: text: Charles Mordaunt Earl of Peterborow[…], with only 280 horse and 950 foot , enterprised and accomplished the Conquest of Valentia
ref: 1733–1737, Alexander Pope, [Imitations of Horace], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley [et al.]:
glosses: To undertake an enterprise, or something hazardous or difficult.
examples: text: The business must be enterprised this night.
ref: 1670, John Dryden, The Conquest of Granada:
text: c. 1680, Thomas Otway, letter to Elizabeth Barry
What would I not renounce or enterprise for you!
glosses: To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform; to venture upon.
examples: text: Him at the threshold met, and well did enterprize.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 14:
glosses: To put up or house; to entertain.
enterprising
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more enterprising
form: most enterprising
Senses: glosses: Displaying bravery and daring in attempting some task.
examples: text: It was now settled that every body was to be amused by her coarse jest and her odd expressions, and therefore everybody was amused. Moreover, there was another great secret of her popularity; all in her company luxuriated in a little complacent sense of their own superiority,—one of the most agreeable of the senses to indulge. Such was the enterprising individual whose saloon was to-night a representation of the Field of the Cloth of Gold.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter II, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 22:
glosses: Very able and ingenious in business dealings or social advancement.
Synonyms: go-getting
Derived terms: enterprisingly
enterprisingness
unenterprising
enterprising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of enterprise
enterprising
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: enterprisings
Senses: examples: text: What gives these enterprisings their political character are the contentions, claims and experiences of the other.
ref: 2010, Melvin Pollner, Mundane Reason: Reality in Everyday and Sociological Discourse:
glosses: The undertaking of an enterprise; purposeful activity; doings.
entertaining
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛntəɹˈteɪnɪŋ/
ipa: /ˌɛntəːˈteɪnɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪnɪŋ
Forms: form: more entertaining
form: most entertaining
Etymology: From entertain + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: The smiths themselves were a grand lot of fellows, full of a robust, and sometimes Rabelaisian sense of humour, and between "heats," they could be most entertaining.
ref: 1945 January and February, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 13:
text: Sunderland came back from two goals down to earn a point from an entertaining encounter with West Brom.
ref: 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2 - 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: Very amusing; that entertains.
Derived terms: entertailing
entertainingly
entertainingness
unentertaining
entertaining
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛntəɹˈteɪnɪŋ/
ipa: /ˌɛntəːˈteɪnɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪnɪŋ
Etymology: From entertain + -ing.
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of entertain
entertaining
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛntəɹˈteɪnɪŋ/
ipa: /ˌɛntəːˈteɪnɪŋ/
rhymes: -eɪnɪŋ
Forms: form: entertainings
Etymology: From entertain + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: As soon as the festival was over, and the usual routine of summer entertainings and meetings had been got through, the Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn, accompanied by their large family party and some friends, started for a quiet holiday […]
ref: 1889, George Herbert Curteis, Bishop Selwyn of New Zealand, and of Lichfield:
glosses: Entertainment.
entertain
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛntəˈteɪn/
ipa: /ˌɛntɚˈteɪn/
ipa: [ˌɛ̃ɾ̃ɚˈtʰeɪn]
rhymes: -eɪn
Forms: form: entertaine
Etymology: From Middle English entertenen, from Middle French entretenir, from Old French entretenir, from entre (“among”) + tenir (“to hold”), from Latin inter + teneō (“hold, keep”). For the noun, compare French entretien.
Senses: examples: text: And Celſo, prethee let it be thy care to night / To haue ſome pretty ſhew, to ſolemnize / Our high inſtalement, ſome muſike maſkerie: / Weele giue faire entertaine vnto Maria […]
ref: c. 1603 (date written), Iohn Marston, The Malcontent, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for William Aspley, […], published 1604, →OCLC, Act V, scene iii:
glosses: Entertainment; pleasure.
examples: text: But neede, that answers not to all requests, / Bad them not looke for better entertayne […]
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: Reception of a guest; welcome.
entertainer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛntəˈteɪnə/
ipa: /ˌɛntɚˈteɪnɚ/
rhymes: -eɪnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: entertainers
Etymology: From entertain + -er.
Senses: glosses: A person who entertains others, esp. as a profession, as a singer, actor, presenter, dancer, musician, magician, comedian, etc.
glosses: Someone who puts on a show for the entertainment or enjoyment of others.
examples: text: During my sickness I was constantly and tenderly cared for by Mrs. Anderson, and at short intervals I received visits from both my children, so that upon the whole, I do not regard this as the least unpleasant portion of my life. I had the fullest sympathy of my entertainer—a blessing which had been denied for me many long years.
ref: 1861, E. J. Guerin, Mountain Charley, page 26:
text: I am not an entertainer by any means. I do not own coasters or wine glasses and I’d rather spend a Saturday night figuring out what to do with my sourdough starter discard than playing hostess.
ref: 2016 August 19, Sarah Jampel, “19 Helpful Tips for Throwing a Painless Dinner Party”, in Time:
glosses: One who accommodates guests.
Derived terms: politainer
dart
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɑːt/
enpr: därt
ipa: /dɑɹt/
note: Ottawa Valley
ipa: [daɹt̚]
note: Ottawa Valley
ipa: [daɹɾ̥]
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: darts
form: darting
form: darted
form: darted
Etymology: From Middle English darten, from the noun (see above).
Senses: glosses: To throw with a sudden effort or thrust; to hurl or launch.
examples: text: As the sun darted forth his beams, she darted a meaningful glance at me.
text: Pan came, and ask'd, what magic caus'd my ſmart, / Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart?
ref: 1717, Alexander Pope, “Autumn. The Third Pastoral. […]”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], →OCLC, page 28:
text: Yossarian responded to the thought by slipping away stealthily from the police and almost tripped over the feet of a burly woman of forty hastening across the intersection guiltily, darting furtive, vindictive glances behind her toward a woman of eighty with thick, bandaged ankles doddering after her in a losing pursuit.
ref: 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Eternal City”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 432:
glosses: To send forth suddenly or rapidly; to emit; to shoot.
examples: text: They had to dart the animal to get close enough to help
glosses: To shoot with a dart, especially a tranquilizer dart.
examples: text: The flying man darted eastward.
glosses: To fly or pass swiftly, like a dart; to move rapidly in one direction; to shoot out quickly.
examples: text: The deer darted from the thicket.
text: The fish darted under a stone.
text: By half-time, it was almost a surprise that the away side had restricted themselves to only one more goal. Messi, again, was prominently involved, darting past Fernando and then Zabaleta.
ref: 2015 February 24, Daniel Taylor, “Luis Suárez strikes twice as Barcelona teach Manchester City a lesson”, in The Guardian (London):
text: The impressive Frenchman drove forward with purpose down the right before cutting infield and darting in between Vassiriki Diaby and Koscielny.
ref: 2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2 - 2 Arsenal”, in BBC:
glosses: To start and run with speed; to shoot rapidly along.
Derived terms: dart about
darter
dartle
darty
endart
indart
updart
airtight
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more airtight
form: most airtight
form: air-tight
form: air tight
Etymology: From air + tight.
Senses: examples: text: Tupperware founder Earl Tupper in 1946 introduced its plastic products to the public, and subsequently patented their flexible airtight seal.
ref: 2024 September 18, Eliza Ronalds-Hannon, “Tupperware Files for Bankruptcy Amid Declining Sales and Growing Competition”, in Time:
glosses: Impermeable to air or other gases.
examples: text: We have an airtight argument they won’t be able to punch holes in.
text: She creates an airtight world of her imagining.
ref: 1990 April 28, Patricia Roth Schwartz, “The Odd Couple”, in Gay Community News, page 7:
glosses: Having no weak points or flaws.
examples: text: when Roger asked for $100 to take the preliminary steps to establish his claim, Mike yelled like a Hebrew auctioneer, for he was air-tight and squeezed a dollar until the woman on it yelled.
ref: 1908, The Plumbers Trade Journal, Plumbers’ Trade Journal Publishing Company, volume 44
text: He was ‘air-tight,’ close-mouthed, and had but few confidants or intimate friends, but numerous acquaintances.
ref: 1915 April, Annals of Iowa, Historical Department of Iowa, series 3, volume 12, page 599
glosses: Highly reserved in some matter, particularly tight-lipped or tight-fisted.
raw_tags: of a person
topics: lifestyle
media
pornography
sexuality
glosses: Triply penetrated simultaneously in the vagina, anus and mouth.
raw_tags: of a person
Synonyms: sense: impermeable to air
word: hermetic
Derived terms: airtighten
airtightly
airtightness
nonairtight
Related terms: coldtight
cold-tight
drafttight
draft-tight
draughttight
draught-tight
driptight
drip-tight
dusttight
dust-tight
gastight
gas-tight
heattight
heat-tight
jointtight
joint-tight
leaktight
leak-tight
lighttight
light-tight
liquidtight
liquid-tight
oiltight
oil-tight
pressuretight
pressure-tight
raintight
rain-tight
sandtight
sand-tight
soiltight
soil-tight
thoughttight
thought-tight
watertight
water-tight
weathertight
weather-tight
airsick
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more airsick
form: most airsick
Etymology: From air + sick.
Senses: hyponyms: planesick
glosses: Nauseated due to the effects of motion of an aircraft; suffering from motion sickness caused by air travel.
Related terms: airsickness
airsickness bag
tundra
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtʌndɹə/
Forms: form: tundras
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative and genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).
Senses: examples: text: The hut's walls rose without difficulty, and everything went smoothly until the problem of the roof confronted me. Of what use the four walls without a roof? And of what could a roof be made? There were the spare oars, very true. They would serve as roof-beams; but with what was I to cover them? Moss would never do. Tundra grass was impracticable. We needed the sail for the boat, and the tarpaulin had begun to leak.
ref: 1904, Jack London, chapter 30, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
glosses: A flat and treeless Arctic biome.
Derived terms: steppe-tundra
tundra bean goose
tundral
Tundra Nenets
tundra swan
tundra tire
tundra tyre
tundra vole
tundra wolf
tuition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: tyo͞oĭ'shən
rhymes: -ɪʃən
ipa: /tjuːˈɪʃən/
ipa: /tjʉːˈɪʃən/
ipa: /t͡ʃʉːˈɪʃən/
enpr: to͞oĭ'shən
ipa: /tuˈɪʃən/
enpr: tyo͞o'shən
ipa: /ˈtjuːʃən/
Forms: form: tuitions
Etymology: From Old French [Term?], from Latin tuitiō (“guard, protection, defense”), from tuēri (“to watch, guard, see, observe”). Compare intuition, tutor.
Senses: examples: text: Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16.[…]There are no inspectors, no exams until the age of 18, no school league tables, no private tuition industry, no school uniforms. […]
ref: 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:
glosses: The training or instruction provided by a teacher or tutor.
examples: text: tuition classes
text: Tuition in the past was like taking medicine and you sent children for it only if they were doing poorly in a subject.
ref: 2021 August 18, Qiu Guanhua, “Forum: Heavy reliance on tuition to boost performance is not healthy”, in The Straits Times, Singapore, archived from the original on 28 Dec 2022:
glosses: Paid private classes taken outside of formal education; tutoring. (also used attributively)
examples: text: (Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, UK)
text: The school’s tuition has gone up by five percent.
synonyms: tuition fees
glosses: A sum of money paid for instruction (such as in a private school, boarding school, university, or college).
examples: text: BENEDICK. I have almost matter enough in me for such an embassage; and so I commit you—
CLAUDIO. To the tuition of God: from my house, if I had it,—
DON PEDRO. The sixth of July: your loving friend, Benedick.
BENEDICK. Nay, mock not, mock not.
ref: 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
glosses: Care, guardianship.
Derived terms: tuition fees
Related terms: tutelage
tutelar
tutelary
tutor
tutorial
graduate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: note: yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuət/
note: without the yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹædjuət/
enpr: grăjʹo͞o-ĭt
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/
Forms: form: graduates
Etymology: From Middle English graduat(e) (“(noun) a graduate of a university; (adjective) graduate, having graduated”, also used as the past participle of graduaten (“to graduate”)), borrowed from Medieval Latin graduātus (“graduated, graduate”), perfect passive participle of graduō (“to graduate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from gradus (“step”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). The noun is originally derived within Latin from the adjective via substantivization, see -ate (noun-forming suffix). Sense 10 of the verb, relating to Japanese entertainment, is a semantic loan from Japanese 卒業 (sotsugyō).
Senses: examples: text: If the government wants graduates to stay in the country they should offer more incentives.
glosses: A person who is recognized by a university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution.
glosses: A person who is recognized by a high school as having completed the requirements of a course of study at the school.
glosses: A person who is recognized as having completed any level of education.
glosses: A graduated (marked) cup or other container, thus fit for measuring.
Coordinate terms: sense: person recognized by school
word: graduand
sense: person recognized by school
word: undergraduate
sense: person recognized by school
word: postgraduate
graduate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: note: yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuət/
note: without the yod-coalescence
ipa: /ˈɡɹædjuət/
enpr: grăjʹo͞o-ĭt
ipa: /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/
Forms: form: more graduate
form: most graduate
Etymology: From Middle English graduat(e) (“(noun) a graduate of a university; (adjective) graduate, having graduated”, also used as the past participle of graduaten (“to graduate”)), borrowed from Medieval Latin graduātus (“graduated, graduate”), perfect passive participle of graduō (“to graduate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from gradus (“step”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). The noun is originally derived within Latin from the adjective via substantivization, see -ate (noun-forming suffix). Sense 10 of the verb, relating to Japanese entertainment, is a semantic loan from Japanese 卒業 (sotsugyō).
Senses: glosses: graduated, arranged by degrees
glosses: holding an academic degree
glosses: relating to an academic degree
Derived terms: Christmas graduate
graduate engineer
graduateness
graduate nurse
graduate school
graduateship
graduate student
graduate student descent
graduate tax
graduate thesis
graduator
graduette
nongraduate
post-graduate
pregraduate
pre-graduate
subgraduate
graduation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌɡɹædjuˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: graduations
Etymology: From graduate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: The graduation ball was the students' chance to say goodbye to each other.
text: After my graduation, I took a year out to travel, then went into an office job.
glosses: The action or process of graduating and receiving a diploma for completing a course of study (such as from an educational institution).
glosses: A commencement ceremony.
examples: text: graduation from AKB48
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
glosses: The action or process of leaving a group.
topics: sciences
glosses: A marking (e.g., on a container) indicating a measurement on a scale, usually one of many such markings.
glosses: The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.
Derived terms: BUG
congradulations
graduational
graduation mark
graduation party
GUG
lesbian until graduation
LUG
nongraduation
postgraduation
pregraduation
linguist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/
Forms: form: linguists
Etymology: Etymology tree
Latin lingua
English -ist
English linguist
Borrowed from Latin lingua (“language”) + -ist.
Senses: antonyms: nonlinguist
hypernyms: scholar
glosses: One who studies linguistics.
examples: text: President Donald Trump has "turned words into weapons" -- and journalists are providing additional ammunition.
That's according to Trump critic George Lakoff, a renowned linguist and professor emeritus at the University of California at Berkeley.
ref: 2018 June 15, Julia Waldow, “George Lakoff says this is how Trump uses words to con the public”, in CNN Business:
text: The internet serves as an accelerant to fanilects. Because song lyrics are readily available online, they have a characteristic linguists call "persistence," meaning anyone can refer to them and reuse them.
ref: 2023 February 3, Pia Ceres, “Quoting Taylor Swift Lyrics Is an Actual Linguistic Thing”, in Wired, San Francisco, C.A.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 May 2023:
antonyms: nonlinguist
hypernyms: scholar
scientist
<
scholar
glosses: One who studies linguistics.
One who studies modern-day linguistics, that is, linguistic science.
examples: text: The words of these songs were either without meaning, or derived from an idiom with which Watt, a very fair linguist, had no acquaintance.
ref: 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:
antonyms: nonlinguist
glosses: A person skilled in languages.
antonyms: nonlinguist
glosses: A human translator; an interpreter, especially in the armed forces.
Synonyms: word: linguist
Hypernyms: word: scientist
word: person
Hyponyms: word: dialectologist
word: grammarian
word: phonetician
word: phonologist
word: morphologist
word: syntactician
word: semanticist
word: psycholinguist
word: sociolinguist
word: neurolinguist
Derived terms: anthropolinguist
bilinguist
co-linguist
colinguist
comparative linguist
cryptolinguist
cunning linguist
Eurolinguist
geolinguist
linguister
linguistic
linguistics
linguistry
metalinguist
missionary linguist
missionary-linguist
monolinguist
multilinguist
neolinguist
neurolinguist
nonlinguist
polylinguist
slanguist
trilinguist
unilinguist
xenolinguist
Related terms: word: lingua
word: linguaphile
word: multilingual
word: polyglot
word: prescriptivist
word: scholar
word: philologist
word: linguistics
word: language
foretell
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: fôr-tĕlʹ
ipa: /fɔɹˈtɛl/
ipa: [foːˈteɫ]
ipa: [fɔːˈtɛɫ]
ipa: [fɔɹˈtɛɫ]
rhymes: -ɛl
Forms: form: foretells
form: foretelling
form: foretold
form: foretold
form: foretel
Etymology: c. 1300, from Middle English foretellen, equivalent to fore- + tell.
Senses: examples: text: Deeds then undone me faithful tongue foretold.
ref: 1725–1726, Homer, “Book 2”, in [William Broome, Elijah Fenton, Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:
text: Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and lustre of his character.
ref: 1741, Conyers Middleton, The Life of Cicero:
text: This was a demise foretold. Fatalistic in the face of a parliamentary impasse, Mr. Bayrou had, even before the debate began, invited his entourage to a “convivial moment,” or farewell soirée, this evening.
ref: 2025 September 8, Roger Cohen, “French Prime Minister Bayrou Loses Confidence Vote, Putting Pressure on Macron”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
glosses: To predict; to tell (the future) before it occurs; to prophesy.
examples: text: […] there came to him a Person named Saul, whom Samuel had never before seen; but God made him know it was the same he had foretold him of.
ref: 1739, Edward Button, Rudiments of Ancient History:
glosses: To tell (a person) of the future.
Synonyms: foresay
forespeak
Derived terms: foretellable
foreteller
Related terms: foretale
forecast
foresee
forewarn
foretold
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɔɹ.toʊld/
ipa: /foʊɹ.toʊld/
rhymes: -ɔɹtoʊld
rhymes: -oʊɹtoʊld
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of foretell
Derived terms: unforetold
forgot
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈɡɒt/
ipa: /fɚˈɡɑt/
rhymes: -ɒt
Senses: glosses: simple past of forget
examples: text: Pro. Thou lieſt, malignant Thing: haſt thou forgot / The fowle Witch Sycorax, who with Age and Enuy / Was grown into a hoope? haſt thou forgot her?
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 4:
text: Sir, Lord Hailes has forgot. There is nothing in Pryor that will excite to lewdness.
ref: 1816 [1777], James Boswell, quoting Samuel Johnson, The life of Samuel Johnson […] , volume 3, T. Cadell and W. Davies, pages 210–211:
text: “That's so sweet of you! I think everyone has forgot me, sitting here in my box like a doll in a shop and nobody wants her.” “You haven't seen Dr. Wilfred, have you, Elli?” said Nikki. “Our lecturer? He hasn't phoned, by any chance?”
ref: 2012, Michael Frayn, Skios: A Novel, volume 1, Macmillan, page 189:
glosses: past participle of forget
Derived terms: forgotten
unforgot
forgotten
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈɡɒt.n̩/
ipa: /fɚˈɡɑ.tn̩/
ipa: [fɚˈɡɑ.ʔn̩]
ipa: /fəˈɡʌt.ən/
ipa: [fəˈɡʌ.ʔn̩]
ipa: /fɚˈɡʌt.ən/
ipa: [fɚˈɡʌ.ʔn̩]
rhymes: -ɒtən
Forms: form: more forgotten
form: most forgotten
Etymology: Morphologically forgot + -en.
Senses: glosses: Of which knowledge has been lost; which is no longer remembered.
Derived terms: forgottenness
half-forgotten
unforgotten
forgotten
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈɡɒt.n̩/
ipa: /fɚˈɡɑ.tn̩/
ipa: [fɚˈɡɑ.ʔn̩]
ipa: /fəˈɡʌt.ən/
ipa: [fəˈɡʌ.ʔn̩]
ipa: /fɚˈɡʌt.ən/
ipa: [fɚˈɡʌ.ʔn̩]
rhymes: -ɒtən
Etymology: Morphologically forgot + -en.
Senses: glosses: past participle of forget
forgotten
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈɡɒt.n̩/
ipa: /fɚˈɡɑ.tn̩/
ipa: [fɚˈɡɑ.ʔn̩]
ipa: /fəˈɡʌt.ən/
ipa: [fəˈɡʌ.ʔn̩]
ipa: /fɚˈɡʌt.ən/
ipa: [fɚˈɡʌ.ʔn̩]
rhymes: -ɒtən
Forms: form: forgottens
Etymology: Morphologically forgot + -en.
Senses: examples: text: Luckily for these unfortunate forgottens, New Year is approaching, a time when, despite the intuitions of the calendar, our thoughts often turn to the past.
ref: 2007 December 31, Alan Feuer, “Headliners of 07: A Subway Savior, Rampaging Rats, and a $12 Million Dog”, in New York Times:
glosses: A person or thing that has been forgotten.
forgive
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: fər-gĭv'
enpr: fôr-gĭv'
ipa: /fə(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/
ipa: /fɔː(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/
ipa: /fɚˈɡɪv/
rhymes: -ɪv
Forms: form: forgives
form: forgiving
form: forgave
form: forgiven
Etymology: Alteration (due to give) of Middle English foryiven, forȝiven, from Old English forġiefan (“to forgive, to give”), from Proto-West Germanic *frageban, from Proto-Germanic *fragebaną (“to give away; give up; release; forgive”), equivalent to for- + give (etymologically for- + yive). Cognate with Scots forgeve, forgif, forgie (“to forgive”), West Frisian ferjaan (“to forgive”), Dutch vergeven (“to forgive”), German vergeben (“to forgive”), Icelandic fyrirgefa (“to forgive”), Yiddish פֿאַרגעבן (fargebn, “to forgive”)
Senses: examples: text: Please forgive me if my phone goes off - I'm expecting an urgent call from my boss.
text: Forgive others, not because they deserve forgiveness, but because you deserve peace.
text: Forgive us our trespasses.
glosses: To pardon (someone); to waive any negative feeling towards or desire for punishment or retribution against.
examples: text: Forgive these wild and wandering cries,
⁠Confusions of a wasted youth;
⁠Forgive them where they fail in truth,
And in thy wisdom make me wise.
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Prologue”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:
text: ... to forgive their crimes.
ref: 2021 April 27, Zachary Schrag, The Princeton Guide to Historical Research, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 30:
glosses: To pardon (something); to waive any negative feeling over or retribution for.
examples: text: Forgive a debt, that is, tell a debtor that a repayment of a loan is no longer needed.
text: In several months you’re likely to have a clearer picture on how your state intends to treat your forgiven PPP loan and the deductibility of your business expenses not just for tax year 2020 but also tax year 2021.
ref: 2021 February 23, Jeanne Sahadi, “So you got a PPP loan? Here’s what that means for your state taxes”, in CNN Business:
glosses: To waive or remit (a debt), to absolve from payment or compensation of.
examples: text: The brave know only how to forgive […] A coward never forgave; it is not in his nature.
ref: a. 1768, Laurence Sterne, Joseph's History considered; - Forgiveness of Injuries (sermon)
glosses: To accord forgiveness.
examples: text: The music critic loves the instrumentation of the song so much that he can forgive the confusing lyrics.
glosses: To look past; to look beyond.
examples: text: Okay, a good hook forgives everything.
ref: 2015, Todd in the Shadows, The Top Ten Best Hit Songs of 2014:
glosses: To redeem; to offset the bad effects of something.
Derived terms: forgivability
forgivable
forgive and forget
forgive but don't forget
forgiveless
forgive my French
forgiveness
forgiver
forgiving
misforgive
reforgive
unforgive
unforgiver
forgiven
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: fə(r)-gĭv'ən
enpr: fôr-gĭv'ən
ipa: /fə(ɹ)ˈɡɪv.ən/
ipa: /fɔː(ɹ)ˈɡɪv.ən/
ipa: /fɚˈɡɪv.ən/
rhymes: -ɪvən
Etymology: Morphologically forgive + -n.
Senses: glosses: past participle of forgive
forsook
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈsʊk/
ipa: /fɔːˈsʊk/
ipa: /fɔɹˈsʉk/
rhymes: -ʊk
Senses: glosses: simple past of forsake
Derived terms: unforsook
forsaken
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈseɪkən/
rhymes: -eɪkən
Forms: form: more forsaken
form: most forsaken
Etymology: Morphologically forsake + -n.
Senses: synonyms: word: dropped
word: orphaned
word: abandoned
word: derelict
word: deserted
word: desolate
word: discarded
word: dropped
word: forlorn
word: forsaken
word: high and dry
word: left behind
word: orphaned
glosses: Deserted; abandoned.
synonyms: flat on one's back
impotent
high and dry
powerless
glosses: Helpless.
Derived terms: forsakenly
forsakenness
godforsaken
unforsaken
forsaken
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔɹˈseɪkən/
rhymes: -eɪkən
Etymology: Morphologically forsake + -n.
Senses: glosses: past participle of forsake
freeze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːz/
rhymes: -iːz
homophone: frees
homophone: frieze
Forms: form: freezes
Etymology: See the above verb.
Senses: examples: text: In order to work properly, the cotton stripper required that the plant be brown and brittle, as happened after a freeze, so that the cotton bolls could snap off easily.
ref: 2009, Pietra Rivoli, The Travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy, 2nd edition, page 38:
glosses: A period of intensely cold weather.
examples: text: Without a freeze it might be possible to proceed with the production and deployment of such destabilizing systems as the MX, Trident II, cruise missiles and SS-18s, -19s and -20s.
ref: 1982 October, William Epstein, “The freeze: a hot issue at the United Nations”, in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists:
text: 1983 October 3, Ted Kennedy, speech, Truth and Tolerance in America,
Critics may oppose the nuclear freeze for what they regard as moral reasons.
text: Many of our opponents in Congress are advocating a freeze in Federal spending and an increase in taxes.
ref: 1985 April 27, Ronald Reagan, Presidential Radio Address:
glosses: A halt of a regular operation.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
synonyms: hang
glosses: The state when either a single computer program, or the whole system ceases to respond to inputs.
examples: text: The reason I said the guard wasn't the toughest shot in curling is because, in my book, that's a shot called the freeze. A stone thrown as a freeze comes perfectly to rest directly in front of another stone, without moving it (see Figure 10-5).
ref: 2006, Bob Weeks, Curling for Dummies, page 143:
topics: ball-games
curling
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A precise draw weight shot where a delivered stone comes to a stand-still against a stationary stone, making it nearly impossible to knock out.
examples: text: a hiring freeze;  a pay freeze
text: "We need a different understanding of revenues and public expenditure. The 15-year freeze on fuel duty and lack of tax on aviation fuel are effectively a huge subsidy to those forms of travel, but they are not described as subsidy because they are foregone revenue. Yet if you invest to hold rail fares, it's seen as subsidy."
ref: 2025 May 28, Ben Plowden talks to Anthony Lambert, “The railway is an essential public service”, in RAIL, number 1036, page 33:
topics: business
finance
glosses: A block on pay rises or on the hiring of new employees etc.
Derived terms: freeze tag
hard freeze
rent freeze
freeze
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹiːz/
rhymes: -iːz
homophone: frees
homophone: frieze
Forms: form: freezes
Senses: examples: text: [I]f a plaine fellow well and cleanely apparelled, either in home-ſpun ruſſet or freeze (as the ſeaſon requires) with a five pouch at his girdle, happen to appeare in his ruſticall likenes: there is a Cozen ſaies one, At which word out flies the Taker, and thus giues the onſet vpon my olde Pennyfather.
ref: 1608, [Thomas Dekker], “Of Barnards Law”, in The Belman of London. […], London: […] [Edward Allde and Nicholas Okes] for Nathaniel Butter, →OCLC, signature F, verso:
glosses: Obsolete form of frieze.