cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
anti
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæn.ti/
ipa: /ˈæn.taɪ/
rhymes: -ænti
homophone: auntie stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Forms: form: antis
Etymology: Conversion of the prefix anti- to an adjective.
Senses: examples: text: On one occasion, franchise supporters accused antis of dumping lemons, wet sponges, rolls of ticker tape, bags of water, and garbage pails on innocent suffrage supporters parading outside the anti-suffrage offices.
ref: 2002, Thomas Jablonsky, “Female Opposition: The Anti-Suffrage Campaign”, in Jean H. Baker, editor, Votes for Women: The Struggle for Suffrage Revisited (Viewpoints on American culture), Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 121:
text: Antis jumped on this announcement, calling it vote buying and indicative of the hypocrisy of prohibitionists who talked incessantly in the first election about the immorality of the antis' vote-buying efforts.
ref: 2012, H. Paul Thompson, Jr., A Most Stirring and Significant Episode: Religion and the Rise and Fall of Prohibition in Black Atlanta, 1865–1887, page 222:
synonyms: opponent
opposer
glosses: A person opposed to a concept or principle.
examples: text: While I did not directly analyze how the antis define feminism, it appears that they believe Sarah J Maas as an author is a white feminist and therefore unable to write anything feminist.
ref: 2018, Sarah Leiser, "Throne of Fans: Examining the Roles of Feminism, Platform, and Community in an Online Fandom", thesis submitted to the University of Denver, page 94
text: Other fans or viewers are thus not coded as fans but instead positioned as either homophobic, angry "antis" (even if they ship Johnlock or other queer ships) or as the outsider "casuals" who aren't dedicated or smart or invested enough to properly interpret Sherlock.
ref: 2019, Emily E. Roach, "Supernatural: Wincest and Dean Winchester's Bisexual Panic", in "From Canon to Politics: Queerbaiting and The CW's Supergirl", in Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans Through Homoerotic Possibilities (ed. Joseph Brennan), page 89
text: The VLD fandom especially has cultivated a definition of antis as ones against a moral or societal ill (e.g., pedophilia, incest).
ref: 2021, Rebecca Williams, A Fan Studies Primer: Method, Research, Ethics, page 72:
topics: lifestyle
synonyms: fancop
fandomentalist
fandom Frollo
fanpol
fanti
Frollo
glosses: A fan who objects to a particular creator, franchise, fandom, character, ship, etc., especially on moral or sociopolitical grounds.
anti
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæn.ti/
ipa: /ˈæn.taɪ/
rhymes: -ænti
homophone: auntie stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Etymology: Conversion of the prefix anti- to an adjective.
Senses: examples: text: I do not consider myself either a twitcher or an expert. Neither am I anti twitching.
ref: 2000, Bill Oddie, Gripping Yarns, page 21:
glosses: Alternative form of anti-.
Related terms: anti-
forms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːmz/
ipa: /fɔɹmz/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mz
Senses: glosses: plural of form
forms
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fɔːmz/
ipa: /fɔɹmz/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)mz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of form
png
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɪŋ/
ipa: /ˌpiːɛnˈd͡ʒiː/
rhymes: -ɪŋ
rhymes: -iː
Forms: form: pngs
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of PNG; Portable Network Graphics, an open protocol for digital images.
catenary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈtiːnəɹi/
ipa: /kəˈtɛnəɹi/
ipa: /ˈkætəˌnɛɹi/
Forms: form: more catenary
form: most catenary
Etymology: From Latin catenarius, from Latin catēna (“chain”).
Senses: examples: text: In Europe, the organizer was the hostess and her principle was catenary.
ref: 1997, S.A.M. Adshead, Material Culture in Europe and China, 1400–1800: The Rise of Consumerism, →ISBN:
text: The structure of the model chosen was catenary, and only one nonlinearity was introduced, in that part of the model representing bone growth.
ref: 1983, Keith Godfrey, Compartmental Models and Their Application, page 242:
glosses: Relating to a chain; like a chain.
examples: text: The sequence of soils of a more or less catenary nature as seen on the Martin Estate is about as follows :
ref: 1960, Kenya. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Survey of the Songhor Area, Kenya, page 93:
glosses: Relating to a catena.
Derived terms: polycatenary
catenary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈtiːnəɹi/
ipa: /kəˈtɛnəɹi/
ipa: /ˈkætəˌnɛɹi/
Forms: form: catenaries
Etymology: From Late Latin catenaria, in turn from Latin catēna (“chain”). Attested since 1788.
Senses: topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: The curve described by a flexible chain or a rope if it is supported at each end and is acted upon by no other forces than a uniform gravitational force due to its own weight and variations involving additional and non-uniform forces. It is described by the hyperbolic cosine function.
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any physical cable, rope, chain, or other weight-supporting structure taking such geometric shape, as a suspension cable for a bridge or a power-transmission line or an arch for a bridge or roof.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: The curve of an anchor cable from the seabed to the vessel; it should be horizontal at the anchor so as to bury the flukes.
examples: text: The result was catenary being torn down several hundred feet at a time.
ref: 1958, The Railway Review: An Intelligent Survey of Transit News and Trends:
text: The colour-lights showed up much better than the semaphores which, in spite of their approach warning boards, are not readily visible at any distance between the supports for the catenaries.
ref: 1962 April, P. W. B. Semmens, “The Netherlands Railways today”, in Modern Railways, page 241:
text: The electric overhead was catenary, using 0000 contact wire, and the new railway employed the latest in electric block signal systems.
ref: 1977, Paul Castelhun Trimble, Interurban Railways of the Bay Area, page 119:
text: In addition the catenary itself is divided into 1-2 km sections (corresponding to mechanical sections or tension lengths) with motorized remotely controlled sectioning off-load isolators such that only one train is likely to be immobilized at any one time as a result of an incident associated with the catenary system.
ref: 1995, The Channel Tunnel: Transport systems, →ISBN, page 22:
text: Overhead construction was catenary rather than a single wire to allow the use of pantographs instead of trolley poles so that speeds could be higher.
ref: 2009, Jan Young, Studebaker and the Railroads, volume 2, page 47:
topics: transport
glosses: A cable, the segments of which between supports take a catenary geometric shape, supporting in turn an overhead conductor that provides trains, trams or trolley buses with electricity, or (metonymic) the combination of the conductor, the cable, and supports.
Synonyms: topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
word: alysoid
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
word: chainette
Derived terms: catenary bridge
sensitive
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: sĕn'sĭtĭv
ipa: /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/
ipa: /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/
ipa: [ˈsɛn.sɪɾ.ɪv]
ipa: /ˈsɪn.sɪt.ɪv/
ipa: [ˈsɪn.sɪɾ.ɪv]
Forms: form: sensitives
form: sensative
Etymology: From Middle French sensitif, from Medieval Latin sensitivus.
Senses: examples: text: [I]t is quite certain that many of their fears were unfounded, and centred upon perfectly innocent people - especially those who were what we now call "mediumistic" or "sensitives".
ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 72:
text: After all, Madame Rosita was a sensitive.
ref: 1957, Sydney J. Bounds, The Robot Brains, London: Digit Books, page 82:
text: Swedenborg was one of the leading savants of Europe; it would be absurd to place any of our sensitives on the same intellectual level.
ref: 2003, Frederic W.H. Myers, Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death Part 2:
glosses: A person with a paranormal sensitivity to something that most cannot perceive.
och
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒx/
rhymes: -ɒx
Forms: form: ach
form: ock
Etymology: Compare Early Modern English och, Scottish Gaelic och, Irish och. Compare also Scots ach, Scots ouch.
Senses: glosses: general interjection of confirmation, affirmation, and often disapproval.
examples: text: “Och, ooh, it’s so confusing, it hurts my wee head! I’m just a woman, you know, just a pair of ovaries and some bangs! How do I have the mental capacity to pick from one of two options? Put me down for a no, and never trust me with an important decision again!”
ref: 2014 September 14, “Scottish Independence”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 1, episode 17, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:
glosses: an expression of anger, frustration, surprise
Derived terms: och aye
bottoms up
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Etymology: An allusion to the bottoms of the drinkers' glasses being raised.
Senses: glosses: Cheers! (the drinking toast)
Related terms: bottoms up squat
enturbulate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: enturbulates
form: enturbulating
form: enturbulated
form: enturbulated
Etymology: Coined by L. Ron Hubbard, probably from the prefix en- plus turbulent or disturbed, to describe a state of mind within.
Senses: examples: text: Underground armies operate in the large cities enturbulating the police with false information through anonymous phone calls and letters.
ref: 1971, William S. Burroughs, The Wild Boys: A Book of the Dead, Grove Press, published 1992, →ISBN:
text: If, sitting quietly, one concentrates one's complete attention on one's own voice the mantra, the worry and distress which continually enturbulate the mind will gradually subside and one will gradually be suffused with a deep calm.
ref: 1976, Emma McLoy Layman, Buddhism in America, Nelson-Hall, →ISBN, page 86:
synonyms: word: perturb
word: unsettle
word: agitate
word: freak
word: bother
word: bring down
word: discompose
word: disconcert
word: enturbulate
word: disturb
word: mortify
word: perturb
word: put out
word: ruffle
word: throw off balance
word: unsettle
word: upset
glosses: To agitate or disturb; to upset, harass.
Derived terms: entheta
Related terms: enturbulation
enturbulence
enturbulated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of enturbulate
Galizan
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Based on the co-official autochthonous name of the country Galiza.
Senses: glosses: The Galician language.
Synonyms: Galician
Related terms: Galicia
Galiza
Galiza
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Galician Galiza.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Galicia: A former kingdom and autonomous community in northwestern Spain
pont
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: ponts
form: ponting
form: ponted
form: ponted
Senses: glosses: to pose until nearly frozen in all sorts of uncomfortable positions.
Related terms: ponting
tête-de-pont
chayote
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /t͡ʃɑˈjoʊti/
ipa: /tʃaɪˈəʊti/
Forms: form: chayotes
Etymology: From Spanish chayote, from Classical Nahuatl chayohtli.
Senses: synonyms: mirliton
glosses: Sechium edule, a tropical American perennial herbaceous vine having tendrils, tuberous roots, and a green, pear-shaped fruit cooked as a vegetable.
glosses: The fruit of this plant.
Synonyms: choko
chocho
christophine
vegetable pear
pear squash
mango squash
Derived terms: Chayote mosaic virus
chilli
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɪli/
homophone: chili
Forms: form: chillis
form: chillies
Senses: examples: text: Many Singaporeans have fond memories of eating chilli crabs and cockles at its Upper East Coast Road premises, not far from the old Bedok Road, as recently as the early ‘ 80s.
ref: 1996 June 23, Magdalene Lum, The Straits Times:
glosses: Alternative spelling of chili
Derived terms: chilli padi
salt and chilli chips
peyote
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /peɪˈjoʊti/
Forms: form: peyotes
Etymology: From Spanish peyote, from Classical Nahuatl peyotl.
Senses: glosses: A small, spineless cactus (Lophophora williamsii) found from southwest United States to central Mexico that produces buttonlike tubercles that can be chewed for their psychedelic effect, primarily from the drug mescaline.
glosses: A mescal button produced by the plant.
Synonyms: sense: Lophophora williamsii
word: mescal
Derived terms: peyote gravy
peyotism
peyotist
arcology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑːˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/
ipa: /ɑɹˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
rhymes: -ɒlədʒi
Forms: form: arcologies
Etymology: Blend of architecture + ecology, coined by Italian architect Paolo Soleri in 1969.
Senses: qualifier: urban studies
glosses: Urban development theory proposed by Paolo Soleri involving three-dimensional building methods and efficient use of space and resources.
examples: text: Behind the port lay the city, factory domes dominated by the vast cubes of corporate arcologies.
ref: 1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 6:
glosses: An extremely large building or complex, sufficient to maintain an internal ecology as well as an extremely high human population density.
Derived terms: arcological
Himalaya
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Himalayas.
Derived terms: Himalayas
Transhimalaya
commando
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈmɑːn.dəʊ/
rhymes: -ɑːndəʊ
ipa: /kəˈmændoʊ/
Forms: form: commandos
form: commandoes
Etymology: From Afrikaans kommando, from Portuguese comando (“command”), from Late Latin *commandare, from Latin commendare.
Senses: examples: text: The most important objective was at Batna itself, where a group of three commandos each comprising ten men was to attack Deleplanque's sub-prefecture […].
ref: 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 89:
glosses: A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.
examples: text: Ben Grant, 30, who spent more than five years as a commando in the Royal Marines, is part of group of seven ex-servicemen who arrived in Ukraine over the weekend to fight invading Russian forces.
ref: 2022 March 8, “Tory MP’s son among UK ex-servicemen heading to Ukrainian front line”, in the Guardian:
synonyms: word: commandoman
glosses: A commando trooper.
glosses: An organized force of Boer troops in South Africa; a raid by such troops.
Derived terms: commandolike
commandoman
go commando
steak commando
commandeer
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɒmənˈdɪə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
Forms: form: commandeers
form: commandeering
form: commandeered
form: commandeered
Etymology: Late 19th century. From Dutch commanderen (“to command”), partially through its descendant, Afrikaans kommandeer (“to command”). Ultimately from French commander, from Old French comander, from Latin commendare. Doublet of command.
Senses: glosses: To seize for military use.
glosses: To force into military service.
glosses: To take arbitrarily or by force.
examples: text: "We're stuck taking the bus to school tomorrow, aren't we?" "...Yeah. Moperville South doesn't give bus service out here, so Ellen's commandeering my car."
ref: 2007 February 5, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Monday, Feb 5, 2007:
glosses: To take or use for some purpose (not necessarily arbitrarily or by force).
Derived terms: commandeerer
Related terms: appropriate
call up
spoor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: note: without the pour–poor merger
ipa: /spʊə/
note: pour–poor merger
ipa: /spɔː/
ipa: /spʊɹ/
ipa: /spɔɹ/
ipa: /spʉːɹ/
ipa: /spuːɹ/
rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)
homophone: spore (in some accents)
Forms: form: spoors
Etymology: Early 19th century, from Afrikaans spoor, from Dutch spoor (“track”).
Akin to Old English and Old Norse spor (whence Danish spor), and German Spur, all from Proto-Germanic *spurą. Compare spurn.
Senses: examples: text: We all stopped to examine that monstrous spoor. If it were indeed a bird - and what animal could leave such a mark? - its foot was so much larger than an ostrich's that its height upon the same scale must be enormous.
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
text: Even poor Nobs appeared dejected as we quit the compound and set out upon the well-marked spoor of the abductor.
ref: 1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter VIII, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, (please specify |part=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, →OCLC:
text: Now he has picked up the spoor of drunken vomit and there is the doll sprawled against a wall, his pants streaked with urine.
ref: 1971, William S. Burroughs, The Wild Boys: A Book of the Dead, page 10:
text: From the spoor, skilled trackers can deduce an individual's age, sex, physical condition, speed, and fatigue level, as well as the time of day it passed by.
ref: 2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 5, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:
text: Which was good. If she kept her superego occupied with minor considerations, the lizard brain could keep planning routes and obscuring caches and examining half-melted human candles for the Markey equivalent of spoor without interference. She didn't want her emotional intelligence and creativity to be paying close attention when she found Michael Nass half-fused to a cave wall, drooling pink slime into the dust and talking portentous nonsense about Norte Chico burial rituals while his jellified skin sloughed off, considering whose fault it had been that he'd been at AAF-D when the sinners came marching in.
ref: 2023 October 10, HarryBlank, “The Cruelest Fight”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 31 Aug 2024:
glosses: The track, trail, droppings, or scent of an animal.
spoor
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: note: without the pour–poor merger
ipa: /spʊə/
note: pour–poor merger
ipa: /spɔː/
ipa: /spʊɹ/
ipa: /spɔɹ/
ipa: /spʉːɹ/
ipa: /spuːɹ/
rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)
homophone: spore (in some accents)
Forms: form: spoors
form: spooring
form: spoored
form: spoored
Etymology: Early 19th century, from Afrikaans spoor, from Dutch spoor (“track”).
Akin to Old English and Old Norse spor (whence Danish spor), and German Spur, all from Proto-Germanic *spurą. Compare spurn.
Senses: glosses: To track (an animal) by following its spoor.
trek
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: trĕk
ipa: /tɹɛk/
rhymes: -ɛk
Forms: form: treks
form: treck
Etymology: From Afrikaans trek, from Dutch trekken, from Middle Dutch trekken (weak verb) and trēken (“to trek, place, bring, move”, strong verb), from Old Dutch *trekkan, *trekan, from Proto-West Germanic *trekan, from Proto-Germanic *trekaną, *trakjaną (“to drag, haul, scrape, pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dreg- (“to drag, scrape”).
Senses: glosses: A journey by ox wagon.
glosses: The Boer migration of 1835–1837.
examples: text: We're planning a trek up Kilimanjaro.
text: Early the next morning I set off on the long and hazardous trek through jungles and hills into Assam, and regretfully said "good-bye" to the gallant little Burma Railways, which had functioned to the last and played a big part in evacuating many thousands of refugees and wounded soldiers in the path of the rapidly advancing Japanese.
ref: 1943 November and December, G. T. Porter, “The Lines Behind the Lines in Burma”, in Railway Magazine, page 327:
text: Young Indians looking for work opportunities have made up a sizeable portion of undocumented migrants in the US, many after making the dangerous trek through Latin America to reach the US southern border.
ref: 2025 February 7, Esha Mitra, Aishwarya S Iyer and Ross Adkin, “‘Treated like criminals’: Shackling of Indians aboard 40-hour migrant flight sparks new outrage against Trump”, in CNN:
glosses: A slow or difficult journey.
examples: text: I would drive to the shops from here; you can walk, but it's quite a trek.
synonyms: slog
schlep#Noun
glosses: A long walk.
trek
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: trĕk
ipa: /tɹɛk/
rhymes: -ɛk
Forms: form: treks
form: trekking
form: trekked
form: trekked
form: treck
Etymology: From Afrikaans trek, from Dutch trekken, from Middle Dutch trekken (weak verb) and trēken (“to trek, place, bring, move”, strong verb), from Old Dutch *trekkan, *trekan, from Proto-West Germanic *trekan, from Proto-Germanic *trekaną, *trakjaną (“to drag, haul, scrape, pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dreg- (“to drag, scrape”).
Senses: examples: text: Before that they had been a good deal on the move, trekking about after the white man, who was one of those rolling stones that keep going round after a soft job.
ref: 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá:
glosses: To make a slow or arduous journey.
glosses: To journey on foot, especially to hike through mountainous areas.
glosses: To travel by ox wagon.
glosses: To travel by walking.
Related terms: trigger
braai
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: braais
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans braai (“to grill”), from Dutch braden (“roast”).
Senses: glosses: A barbecue (grill), especially an open outdoor grill built specifically for the purpose of braaing.
examples: text: Come over to our place for a braai.
glosses: A social meeting including the braaing of meat; a cookout.
glosses: Meat cooked by this method.
braai
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: braais
form: braaing
form: braaiing
form: braaied
form: braaied
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans braai (“to grill”), from Dutch braden (“roast”).
Senses: examples: text: […] so we decide to braai some ribs for supper.
ref: 2015 June 1, Pamela Power, Ms Conception, Penguin Random House South Africa, →ISBN:
text: You sniff the air. Smoke. Spices. One of the residents on the road has been, or perhaps is still, braaing.
ref: 2018, Tsitsi Dangarembga, This Mournable Body, Faber & Faber (2020), page 89:
glosses: To grill meat over an open flame (not on a gas grill).
Coordinate terms: barbecue
barbeque
barbie
BBQ
chisa nyama
Derived terms: braaivleis
bring-and-braai
minibraai
spitbraai
kraal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɑːl/
ipa: /kɹɔːl/
rhymes: -ɑːl
rhymes: -ɔːl
homophone: crawl
Forms: form: kraals
Etymology: From colonial Dutch kraal, from Portuguese curral. Doublet of corral.
Senses: examples: text: Onanis is the permanent residence of a kraal of very poor Hill-Damaras, who subsist chiefly upon the few wild roots which their sterile neighborhood produces.
ref: 1861, Charles John Andersson, “chapter VII”, in Lake Ngami, page 89:
text: ‘The paraffin box covered with newsprint, and the primus, and the bucket standing on the floor, and a photo of our kraal’s chief on the wall.’
ref: 1979, André Brink, A Dry White Season, Vintage, published 1998, page 88:
glosses: In Central and Southern Africa, a small rural community.
examples: text: A kraal was a homestead and usually included a simple fenced-in enclosure for animals, fields for growing crops, and one or more thatched huts.
ref: 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 6:
glosses: In Central and Southern Africa, a rural village of huts surrounded by a stockade.
examples: text: The animal, which is now six years old, was born naturally from the mating of a female goat with a male sheep sharing the same kraal.
ref: 2000 July 3, Jonathan Amos, “'Funny creature' toast of Botswana”, in BBC News Online:
glosses: An enclosure for livestock.
Synonyms: sense: livestock enclosure
word: corral
sense: livestock enclosure
word: pen
Derived terms: enkraal
kraalhead
turtle-kraal
Related terms: english: East African
translation: East African
word: boma
word: crawl
word: Corral
kraal
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɹɑːl/
ipa: /kɹɔːl/
rhymes: -ɑːl
rhymes: -ɔːl
homophone: crawl
Forms: form: kraals
form: kraaling
form: kraaled
form: kraaled
Etymology: From colonial Dutch kraal, from Portuguese curral. Doublet of corral.
Senses: examples: text: […] he knew that one of these beasts was in the habit of harassing the goat-kids, which, for better security, he had kraaled against the wall of the house.
ref: 1861, Charles John Andersson, Lake Ngami, chapter XXVIII, page 343:
glosses: To enclose (livestock) within a kraal or stockade.
Synonyms: sense: to enclose livestock
word: corral
laager
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɑː.ɡə/
topics: military
war
government
politics
ipa: /ˈli.ɡəɹ/
rhymes: -ɑːɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: laagers
form: lager
Etymology: From South African Dutch lager (“camp”) (modern Afrikaans laer), from German Lager, from Middle High German leger, from Old High German legar, from Proto-Germanic *legrą. Doublet of lager and lair.
Senses: examples: text: Wagons […] can be readily formed into a laager, a camp, by being drawn into a circle, with the oxen placed inside and so kept safe from the attacks of wild beasts.
ref: 1897, James Bryce, Impressions of South Africa:
text: “And for how long d'you think you're going to be safe in the cities?” Louis persisted. “Just a matter of time, then our frontiers will shrink as we draw our little laager more and more tightly.”
ref: 1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 332:
glosses: A defensive encampment encircled by wagons, especially by South African Boers.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A temporary formation of armoured vehicles for resupply.
laager
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɑː.ɡə/
topics: military
war
government
politics
ipa: /ˈli.ɡəɹ/
rhymes: -ɑːɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: laagers
form: laagering
form: laagered
form: laagered
form: lager
Etymology: From South African Dutch lager (“camp”) (modern Afrikaans laer), from German Lager, from Middle High German leger, from Old High German legar, from Proto-Germanic *legrą. Doublet of lager and lair.
Senses: examples: text: At the foot of this isolated mount, whereof the aspect somehow filled me with alarm, we camped on the night of January 21, taking no precautions against attack by way of laagering the wagons.
ref: 1917, H. Rider Haggard, Finished:
glosses: To arrange in a circular formation for defence.
examples: text: That evening, we laagered close to a large open area covered with elephant grass about six feet high.
ref: 2000, Jeff Dossett, Delayed Detonation, page 44:
glosses: To camp in a circular formation.
Related terms: circle the wagons
dorp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɔː(ɹ)p/
Forms: form: dorps
Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch dorp, which see for more. Doublet of dorf and thorp, and possibly also of troop and troupe.
Senses: examples: text: Omnium rerum viciſſitudo eſt, ones falling, is anothers riſing, and ſo fell it out with that ruind Dorpe or hamlet, which after it had relapſt into the Lordes handes for want of reparations, and there were not men enough in it to defend the ſhore from inuaſion, one Cerdicus a Plaſhing Saxon, that had reueld here and there with his battleaxe, on the bordring bankes of the decrepite ouerworne village now ſurnamed Gorleſtone threw forth his anchor, and with the aſſiſtance of his ſpeare, in ſtead of a pikeſtaffe, leapt agroũd like a ſturdie bruite, and his yeomen bolde caſt their heeles in their necke, and friſkt it after him, […]
ref: 1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 8:
text: When the aforesaid alderman or another wishes to express mild contemptuosity for his fellows and himself in future I would suggest “old fossils” or “old has beens,” or “old fogies,” then the Sir Galahads that are always riding—or driving—about in this progressive dorp will not have any cause to complain.
ref: 1927 November 25, J. Jingle, “Merely My Musings”, in The Dabbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate, page 2, column 3:
text: ‘You can't hang about this dorp doing nothing.’
ref: 1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, Panther, published 1974, page 51:
text: I took on a case in the little dorp of Villiers in the Orange Free State.
ref: 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 186:
glosses: A village or small town; a town considered provincial.
Numbers
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: For in the book of Numbers is it writ,
When the man dies, let the inheritance
Descend unto the daughter.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
synonyms: word: Num.
glosses: The Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah.
sadistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈdɪstɪk/
Forms: form: more sadistic
form: most sadistic
Etymology: From sadist + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: Together, with the help of the drunkard Haymitch (Woody Harrelson), the only District 12 citizen ever to win the Games, they challenge tributes that range from sadistic volunteers to crafty kids like the pint-sized Rue (Amandla Stenberg) to the truly helpless and soon-to-be-dead.
ref: 2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in AV Club:
glosses: Delighting in or feeling pleasure from the pain or humiliation of others.
glosses: Of behaviour which gives pleasure in the pain or humiliation of others.
glosses: Causing a high degree of pain or humiliation.
Derived terms: anal-sadistic
sadistic personality disorder
Related terms: sadism
bad taste in one's mouth
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bad tastes in one's mouth
Etymology: Refers to the feeling of nausea or its aftereffects.
Senses: examples: text: The more I thought of my orders, the more it left a bad taste in my mouth.
glosses: A feeling that something is morally despicable as to cause nausea.
examples: text: Knowing that I had inadvertently aided a killer, left me with a bad taste in my mouth.
glosses: A feeling of guilt, responsibility, or embarrassment as to cause nausea.
glosses: A feeling of disappointment and frustration.
Related terms: distasteful
hard to swallow
pashmak
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Persian پشمک (pašmak), diminutive of پشم (pašm, “wool”).
Senses: glosses: A type of Persian candy floss/cotton candy made from sesame oil and sugar.
Synonyms: Persian fairy floss
babe in arms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: babes in arms
Etymology: From Middle English [Term?].
Senses: examples: text: He was still a babe in arms when his father died overseas.
glosses: An infant.
snake oil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A fraudulent, ineffective potion or nostrum; panacea.
glosses: A traditional Chinese medicine used to treat joint pain.
glosses: A type of 19th-century patent medicine sold in the United States that claimed to contain snake fat, supposedly a Native American remedy for various ailments.
examples: text: As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".
ref: 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:
glosses: Any product with exaggerated marketing but questionable or unverifiable quality.
widely
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwaɪdli/
rhymes: -aɪdli
Forms: form: widelier
form: more widely
form: wideliest
form: most widely
Etymology: From Middle English wijdly, equivalent to wide + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: I'm widely travelled.
glosses: In a wide manner; across a wide area.
examples: text: In 1866 Colonel J. F. Meline noted that the rebozo had almost disappeared in Santa Fe and that hoop skirts, on sale in the stores, were being widely used.
ref: 1948, Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico / The Spanish-Speaking People of The United States, J. B. Lippincott Company, page 75:
text: Kim Jong-il, who has died aged 69, was the general secretary of the Workers party of Korea, and head of the military in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). He was one of the most reclusive and widely condemned national leaders of the late 20th and early 21st century, leaving his country diplomatically isolated, economically broken and divided from South Korea.
ref: 2011 December 19, Kerry Brown, “Kim Jong-il obituary”, in The Guardian:
text: Demandt discusses a German example, Ferdinand Grautoff's 1906. Der Zusammenbuch der Alten Welt (1905) (cf. Es hätte auch... 195-196). Thus, a war widely predicted in fiction is only exiguously remembered in post factum allohistorical narratives.
ref: 2014 October 14, David Malcolm, “The Great War Re-Remembered: Allohistory and Allohistorical Fiction”, in Martin Löschnigg, Marzena Sokolowska-Paryz, editors, The Great War in Post-Memory Literature and Film, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG., →ISBN, page 173:
glosses: Commonly; generally; to a great degree.
Synonyms: word: extensively
word: far and wide
word: spreadly
word: widely
Hyponyms: word: around the world
word: citywide
word: countrywide
word: districtwide
word: globally
word: internationally
word: islandwide
word: planetwide
word: nationwide
word: regionwide
word: sitewide
word: worldwide
points
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔɪnts/
rhymes: -ɔɪnts
Senses: glosses: plural of point
points
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔɪnts/
rhymes: -ɔɪnts
Senses: topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
synonyms: switch
glosses: Movable rails which can be used to switch a train from one railway track to another.
examples: text: In my concentrated week at Stratford I found that, although as a theatregoer for decades I could not help marking what the old actors called 'points' now and again, […]
ref: 1977, Drama: The quarterly theatre review, numbers 124-131, page 16:
text: The nineteenth century acting technique of making points was encouraged by the dramaturgy of the melodramas which dominated the stage. The style was in fact difficult to avoid in many popular plays.
ref: 2014, Amy Lehman, Victorian Women and the Theatre of Trance, page 21:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
theater
glosses: Exaggerated speech or gestures used for emphasis during a performance.
Derived terms: catch points
experience points
facing points
nonpoints
pointsman
pointsperson
pointswoman
trailing points
trap points
points
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔɪnts/
rhymes: -ɔɪnts
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of point
contemptible
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtɛmptəbəl/
Forms: form: more contemptible
form: most contemptible
form: contemptable
Etymology: From Middle English contemptible, from Latin contemptibilis.
Senses: examples: text: But a Devil came in juſt in the God-ſpeed, and told them; Gentlemen Philoſophers, (ſays he) if you vvould knovv the VVretched'ſt, and moſt contemptible thing in the VVorld; It is an Alchymiſt: […]
ref: 1667, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas, “The Sixth Vision of Hell”, in R[oger] L[’Estrange], transl., The Visions of Dom Francisco de Quevedo Villegas, […], London: […] H[enry] Herringman […], →OCLC, page 247:
text: Miss Ward's match, indeed, when it came to the point, was not contemptible: Sir Thomas being happily able to give his friend an income in the living of Mansfield […]
ref: 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter I, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 2:
synonyms: word: despicable
word: disdainable
word: hateworthy
word: abject
word: base
word: beggarly
word: blameworthy
word: carrion
word: cheap
word: contemptible
word: cringing
word: dedecorous
word: degraded
word: deridable
word: derisible
word: despicable
word: despisable
word: dirty
word: discreditable
word: disdainable
word: disgraceful
word: dishonorable
word: disreputable
word: execrable
word: groveling
word: ignoble
word: ignominious
word: inglorious
word: lame
word: laughable
word: loathsome
word: ludicrous
word: low
word: mean
word: mean-spirited
word: miserable
word: obscene
word: outrageous
word: pitiable
word: pitiful
word: plebeian
word: paltry
word: putrid
word: reprehensible
word: reptile
word: reptilian
word: reptitious
word: ridiculous
word: risible
word: roynish
word: scald
word: scornworthy
word: scummy
word: scurvy
word: shabby
word: shameful
word: sleazy
word: slavish
word: slimy
word: sordid
word: sorry
word: trashy
word: ugly
word: uncommendable
word: uncool
word: unmentionable
word: unwashed
word: unsophisticated
word: unworthy
word: vile
word: vulgar
word: weak
word: worthless
word: wretched
antonyms: respectable
venerable
glosses: Deserving contempt.
Derived terms: contemptibility
contemptibleness
contemptibly
uncontemptible
Related terms: contemptuous
chalkboard
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɔːk.bɔː(ɹ)d/
ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɔk.bɔː(ɹ)d/
Forms: form: chalkboards
Etymology: From chalk + board.
Senses: glosses: A slate or enamel board for writing on with chalk; a predecessor to a whiteboard.
Synonyms: blackboard
Hypernyms: writing board
Derived terms: like fingernails on a chalkboard
nails on a chalkboard
Related terms: whiteboard
chalkboard
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɔːk.bɔː(ɹ)d/
ipa: /ˈt͡ʃɔk.bɔː(ɹ)d/
Forms: form: chalkboards
form: chalkboarding
form: chalkboarded
form: chalkboarded
Etymology: From chalk + board.
Senses: examples: text: If you live in a home where painting walls isn't permitted, chalkboarding is still an option for you.
ref: 2018, Marla Cilley, The CHAOS Cure:
glosses: To write or draw on a chalkboard.
uncover
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌnˈkʌvɚ/
ipa: /ʌnˈkʌvə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ʌvə(ɹ)
Forms: form: uncovers
form: uncovering
form: uncovered
form: uncovered
Etymology: From Middle English uncoveren, equivalent to un- + cover.
Senses: examples: text: The model railway was uncovered.
glosses: To remove a cover from.
examples: text: The murderer has finally been uncovered.
glosses: To reveal the identity of.
examples: text: To uncover his perjury to the oath of his coronation.
ref: 1649, J[ohn] Milton, ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC:
text: But Levinson said in an interview that the stalemate uncovers a flaw in the US system.
ref: 2019 May 8, Zachary B. Wolf, “How to know when it’s a constitutional crisis”, in CNN:
text: New insights into bee movements and life cycles have been uncovered after researchers tracked the insects using tiny QR codes glued onto their backs.
ref: 2025 January 28, Jack Guy, “Tiny QR codes help scientists track bee movements”, in CNN:
glosses: To show openly; to disclose; to reveal.
examples: text: Alfred, surprised to meet his father, whom he thought absent from home, […] stood, holding his firelock in one hand, and his hat in the other, having uncovered himself as soon as he perceived his father.
ref: 1824, Town and Country Tales, page 115:
text: The English soldiers were directed in general orders to salute and uncover before the Host as it passed, and here in the wilderness the old religion held firm sway.
ref: 1891, N. H. Chamberlain, “In the Footprints of Burgoyne's Army”, in New England Magazine, volume 4, Boston, MA: New England Magazine Corporation:
glosses: To remove one's hat or cap as a mark of respect.
examples: text: The phallus had power to subdue the attacks of demons and the Evil Eye; and the female organs were potent over elemental disturbances, thus a woman uncovering herself could quell a storm.
ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159:
glosses: To expose the genitalia.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: To expose (lines of formation of troops) successively by the wheeling to right or left of the lines in front.
Synonyms: sense: to show openly
word: expose
word: uncloak
word: reveal
sense: to remove one's hat or cap
word: doff
word: uncoif
word: unhat
word: undress
brava
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹɑ.və/
rhymes: -ɑːvə
Etymology: From Italian brava, feminine of bravo.
Senses: examples: text: BRAVA! Brava! Brava! to Caryl Rivers for her article “Why Can't Hollywood See That 35 Is Beautiful, Too?” It's about time people recognized the double standard in films where men and women are concerned.
ref: 1973 May 13, Connie Oliva, “Movie Mailbag”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 08 Jul 2025:
text: When ballet stars perform in San Francisco, they always dine at Bali’s, the domain of a Manchurian-born Armenian, owner Armen Baliantz. […] An ex-ballerina herself, she has now brought all her discipline, grace, and charm to the running of Bali’s, and all we can say is “brava!”
ref: 1983, Alena Lasley, Paul Lasley, Frommer’s 1983-84 Guide to San Francisco, New York, N.Y.: Frommer/Pasmantier Publishers, →ISBN, page 57:
text: This message sticks in the memory as a small masterpiece of innuendo. / congrats on sublime times mandate pun intended no congrats from mama morton whom phoned per request mama not thrilled for boy that he interview mann mama thrilled for mann that he interviewed by boy till palermo immer noch deine / marcia / Brava. Brilliant Mama’s boy baiting.
ref: 2005, Frederic Morton, “May 1955: Best Man on the Baltic”, in Runaway Waltz: A Memoir from Vienna to New York, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, pages 91–92:
glosses: Alternative form of bravo spoken to a female performer
brava
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɹɑ.və/
rhymes: -ɑːvə
Forms: form: bravas
Etymology: From Italian brava, feminine of bravo.
Senses: glosses: A shout of "brava!".
brodi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of brodo
bubo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbjuː.bəʊ/
ipa: /ˈbu.boʊ/
ipa: /ˈbju.boʊ/
rhymes: -uːbəʊ
Forms: form: bubos
form: buboes
Etymology: Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).
Senses: examples: text: If a Bubo or Carbuncle appear, set on Leeches not far from it, if it be in an ignoble part; ...
ref: 1661, Johann Jacob Wecker, Eighteen books of the secrets of art and nature: being the summe and substance of naturall philisophy ..., page 42:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: An inflamed swelling of a lymph node, especially in the armpit or groin, due to an infection such as bubonic plague, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or syphilis.
Derived terms: buboed
bubonic
bubonocele
pseudobubo
bigger
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɪɡə/
ipa: /ˈbɪɡɚ/
rhymes: -ɪɡə(ɹ)
Senses: examples: text: That whereas, and whereby, and by which, the major, and most greater, and most bigger, and most stronger party, […]
ref: 1812, A Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts (Walter Scott, John Somers), page 146
text: When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose. And the queerer the cure for those ailings the bigger the attraction. A place like the Right Livers' Rest was bound to draw freaks, same as molasses draws flies.
ref: 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
glosses: comparative form of big: more big
Derived terms: biggerer
biggerness
bigger
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɪɡə/
ipa: /ˈbɪɡɚ/
rhymes: -ɪɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: biggers
form: biggering
form: biggered
form: biggered
Senses: examples: text: She's in along with mother, talking about the college; it's to be biggered, sir.
ref: 1871, Julian Leep, A Ready-Made Family, volume 1, published 2009, page 322:
text: But I had to grow bigger. So bigger I got.
I biggered my factory. I biggered my roads.
ref: 1971, Dr Seuss, The Lorax, page 39:
text: The money they splurged to the board's delight
Will be spent biggering IT services, clean out of sight
ref: 2002 August 5, Mark Gibbs, “IBM and PwC: Rhyme and Reasons”, in Network World, page 69:
glosses: To make or become bigger.
Related terms: biggers
digging
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪɡɪŋ(ɡ)/
rhymes: -ɪɡɪŋ
Forms: form: diggings
Senses: glosses: The action performed by a person or thing that digs.
glosses: A place where ore is dug, especially certain localities in California, Australia, etc. where gold is obtained.
glosses: Accommodation; lodgings; digs.
examples: text: This knock-down argument in favour of big mosquitoes used the Hoosier up, and the logician started on a new track, to explain how numerous bear were in his "diggins," where he represented them to be "about as plenty as blackberries, and a little plentifuler.”
ref: 1843, “The Big Bear of Arkansas by T. B. Thorpe, Esq. of Louisiana”, in William T. Porter, editor, The Big Bear of Arkansas and Other Sketches Illustrative of Characters and Incidents in the South and South-west, Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson And Brothers, page 18:
glosses: Region; locality.
Derived terms: digging bar
digging fork
digging stick
ditchdigging
gold-digging
gold digging
gravedigging
gumdigging
gum-digging
Related terms: digs
digging
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪɡɪŋ(ɡ)/
rhymes: -ɪɡɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of dig