cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Greenwich
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹɛnɪt͡ʃ/
ipa: /ˈɡɹɪn-/
ipa: /-ɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɛnɪtʃ
rhymes: -ɛnɪdʒ
ipa: /ˈɡɹinwɪt͡ʃ/
Etymology: From Middle English Greenwich, from Old English Grēnawīċ, Grēnewīċ (literally “green harbour, green settlement”). Equivalent to green + -wich.
The civil parish in New Brunswick may have been named after Greenwich near London, after Greenwich Village, or after Greenwich Street in Hampstead, New York.
Senses: glosses: A place in England:
A town on the south bank of the River Thames in south-east Greater London, England, through which the prime meridian passes (OS grid ref TQ3877).
glosses: A place in England:
A royal borough in Greater London, which includes the town.
glosses: A place in England:
A southern suburb of Ipswich, Suffolk (OS grid ref TM1742).
glosses: A place in England:
A hamlet in Fonthill Gifford parish, Wiltshire (OS grid ref ST9232).
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town and census-designated place therein, in Fairfield County, Connecticut.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Limestone Township, Kankakee County, Illinois.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A census-designated place in Sedgwick County, Kansas.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A former town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, now largely submerged.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township and census-designated place therein, in Cumberland County, New Jersey.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Gloucester County, New Jersey.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township and census-designated place therein, in Warren County, New Jersey.
examples: text: [I]t was the old New Netherland hamlet of Groenwijck—its erratic country roads absorbed into the expanding city and renamed “Greenwich Village”—that became the federation’s first and foremost bohemian district.
ref: 2011, Colin Woodard, chapter 24, in American nations, New York: Penguin, →ISBN:
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A neighborhood of New York City, New York, properly Greenwich Village.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A town in Washington County, New York.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village in Washington County, New York, mostly within the town.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A village and township in Huron County, Ohio.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
A township in Berks County, Pennsylvania.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Piute County, Utah.
glosses: A number of places in the United States:
An unincorporated community in Prince William County, Virginia.
glosses: A civil parish of Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada.
glosses: A community in Nova Scotia.
glosses: A suburb of Sydney, New South Wales.
glosses: The Greenwich meridian; the prime meridian.
Derived terms: East Greenwich
Greenwich Mean Time
Greenwich Meridian
Greenwich pensioner
Greenwich Time
Greenwich Time Signal
North Greenwich
Greenwich Time Signal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Greenwich Time Signals
Senses: synonyms: the Pips
glosses: A time signal transmitted on radio by the BBC every hour and consisting of five short beeps followed by a longer one, with the longer one coinciding with the start of the hour.
polacca
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: polaccas
Etymology: From Italian polacca.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of polacre.
glosses: polonaise (dance or music)
blacken
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈblækən/
rhymes: -ækən
Forms: form: blackens
form: blackening
form: blackened
form: blackened
Etymology: From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).
Senses: examples: text: Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.
ref: 1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157:
glosses: To cause to be or become black.
examples: text: The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.
glosses: To become black.
glosses: To make dirty.
glosses: To defame or sully.
glosses: To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan.
Synonyms: sense: make black
word: black
sense: make black
word: denigrate
sense: make dirty
word: dirty
sense: make dirty
word: soil
sense: defame
word: defame
sense: defame
word: denigrate
sense: defame
word: sully
sense: defame
word: taint
sense: defame
word: tarnish
Derived terms: blackened crust
blackener
blackenization
blackenize
overblacken
reblacken
normally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈnɔːmə.li/
ipa: /ˈnɔɹ.mə.li/
Forms: form: more normally
form: most normally
Etymology: From normal + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Normally, I eat breakfast at 6am, but today, I got up late and didn't eat until 9.
text: A normally bustling border crossing between Tanzania and Malawi was noticeably quieter than usual on Thursday as a result of an escalating regional trade row.
ref: 2025 April 24, Sammi Awami, “Tanzania bans South Africa and Malawi imports as trade row escalates”, in BBC:
glosses: Under normal conditions or circumstances; usually; most of the time
examples: text: Lisa ate normally, until she realised that she was late for choir, when she sped up.
glosses: In the expected or customary manner.
examples: text: He was abnormally agitated, she only normally so.
text: An even more important reason is that our generation is not only normally ignorant but abnormally so. That is, we not only have scholars who do not know the history of the church's testimony, but we have those who tell it like it was not.
ref: 1984, Robert Charles Sproul, John Henry Gerstner, Arthur Lindsley, Classical Apologetics, →ISBN, page 178:
glosses: To a usual or customary extent or degree.
topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
glosses: In the manner of a variable with a Gaussian distribution.
Synonyms: sense: most of the time
word: commonly
word: frequently
word: ordinarily
word: usually
sense: in the expected manner
word: customarily
word: habitually
word: routinely
sense: to a usual degree
word: averagely
word: as a matter of course
word: as a rule
word: generally
word: in general
word: normally
word: regularly
word: typically
word: unexceptionally
word: wontedly
word: wontly
Derived terms: binormally
nonnormally
normally black
normally white
Related terms: normality
storage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɔː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈstɔɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈstoː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɔːɹɪdʒ
Forms: form: storages
Etymology: From store + -age.
Senses: examples: text: There's a lot of storage in the loft.
glosses: The act of storing goods; the state of being stored.
examples: text: Melbourne's water storages plunged by 0.7 per cent in a week, down to 33.1 per cent capacity, as Victoria recorded its second-driest January on record.
ref: 2009 February 1, Staff writers, “Fires rage as business counts cost”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 03 Feb 2009:
text: 2011 (2008), Wan Renpu, Petroleum Industry Press (translator), Advanced Well Completion Engineering, page 115,
Underground natural gas storages are underground facilities for storing natural gas. At present, there are three types of underground natural gas storages worldwide, which include depleted oil and gas reservoir gas storages, salt-cave gas storages and aquifer storages.
text: 2012, A. Grinham, B. Gibbes, D. Gale, M. Watkinson, M. Bartow (University of Queensland), Extreme rainfall and drinking water quality: a regional perspective, C. A. Brebbia, Water Pollution XI, page 187,
Low impact storages included the northern and southern region′s Cooloolabin Dam, Baroon Pocket Dam, Leslie Harrison Dam, Hinze Dam and Little Nerang Dam. Highly impacted storages included central region′s Wivenhoe Dam, Somerset Dam and North Pine Dam (Fig. 2), where TSS concentrations in these central storages where more than double compared to northern and southern storages (Fig. 2A).
glosses: An object or place in which something is stored.
examples: text: I′d recommend backing up these files to storage before reinstalling the operating system.
text: Secondary storages are used to store system programs (viz; operating system, assembler, interpreter, compiler and so on), data files, software packages and so on.
ref: 2007, Ramesh Bangia, Computer Fundamentals and Information Technology, India: Firewall Media, page 43:
topics: computer-hardware
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Any computer device, including such as a disk, on which data is stored for a longer term than main memory.
glosses: The price charged for storing goods.
Hyponyms: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: cloud storage
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: digital storage
Derived terms: auxiliary storage
charge storage
client-side storage
cold storage
mass storage
prestorage
primary storage
secondary storage
self-storage
server-side storage
storage area network
storage battery
storage cell
storage device
storage engine
storage heater
storage hypervisor
storage life
storage location
storage medium
storage organ
storage polysaccharide
storage power station
storage protein
storage ring
storage station
storage time
storage tube
storage tuber
storage unit
storage wall
warm storage
working-storage section
storage
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstɔː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈstɔɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
ipa: /ˈstoː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɔːɹɪdʒ
Forms: form: storages
form: storaging
form: storaged
form: storaged
Etymology: From store + -age.
Senses: glosses: To put into storage; to store.
gran
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹæn/
rhymes: -æn
Forms: form: grans
Etymology: Clipping of granny.
Senses: glosses: A grandmother.
Derived terms: granarchist
gran
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɹæn/
rhymes: -æn
Forms: form: grans
Etymology: Clipping of grandfather or grandpa.
Senses: glosses: A grandfather.
sizing
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -aɪzɪŋ
Forms: form: sizings
Senses: glosses: A gelatinous glue for glazing or sizing canvas, paper, plaster or wood; often made from animal skins.
glosses: Paste.
glosses: A weak glue used in various trades; size.
qualifier: Cambridge University
glosses: Food and drink ordered from the buttery by a student.
Derived terms: vanity sizing
sizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -aɪzɪŋ
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of size
Related terms: sizing up
bricklayer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bricklayers
Etymology: From Middle English brekelayeer, brekelayer, equivalent to brick + layer.
Senses: synonyms: word: mason
word: brickie
glosses: A craftsman who builds walls and suchlike out of bricks.
Related terms: hod carrier
hod carrier
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hod carriers
Etymology: Compound of hod + carrier.
Senses: examples: text: I shall have my eye punched out by a total abstinence fist, or my nose broken by Sobriety's flagstaff, or my skull fractured by a temperate shillelagh! Yes; I shall be brained by yonder red-headed hod-carrier, with the muddy knees,—who, for all his uproarious support of the element, would as soon be choked as drink Boyne Water!
ref: 1844 January, Thomas Hood, “Mrs. Burrage. A Temperance Romance.”, in Hood’s Magazine and Comic Miscellany, volume I, number I, London: […] H. Renshaw, […], →OCLC, chapter II, page 45:
synonyms: hoddie
hodman
glosses: A bricklayer’s or mason’s laborer who carries bricks, mortar, cement and the like in a hod.
voter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvəʊtə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈvoʊtɚ/
rhymes: -əʊtə(ɹ)
Forms: form: voters
Etymology: From vote + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The generational shift Mr. Obama once embodied is, in fact, well under way, but it will not change Washington as quickly — or as harmoniously — as a lot of voters once hoped.
ref: 2012 July 11, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in The New York Times:
text: "Until relatively recently, there was a Midwestern rural white voter who was distinct from a southern rural white voter," Mr. Rosenfeld said. "There was a real progressive tradition in the Midwest uncoopted by Jim Crow and racial issues."
ref: 2024 August 1, Jonathan Weisman, quoting Sam Rosenfeld, “Why Iowa Turned So Red When Nearby States Went Blue”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 09 Jan 2024:
glosses: Someone who votes.
Derived terms: absentee voter
absent voter
cross-voter
donkey voter
early voter
e-voter
faggot voter
floating voter
flying voter
ghost voter
motor voter
nonvoter
outvoter
swing voter
value voter
votership
voter suppression
Related terms: elector
teachable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtiːt͡ʃəbəl/
Forms: form: more teachable
form: most teachable
Etymology: From Middle English techeable, techeabyll, techeabylle, equivalent to teach + -able.
Senses: glosses: Capable of being taught; apt to learn.
glosses: Willing to receive instruction or to learn; docile.
examples: text: Common sense is not a teachable subject.
glosses: That can be taught.
examples: text: Such natural opportunities for social learning become teachable moments, in which children are motivated to learn new strategies.
ref: 2011, Marjorie Kostelnik, Kara Gregory, Anne Soderman, Guiding Children's Social Development and Learning, page 10:
glosses: Facilitating teaching; instructive.
Synonyms: docile
teachable
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtiːt͡ʃəbəl/
Forms: form: teachables
Etymology: From Middle English techeable, techeabyll, techeabylle, equivalent to teach + -able.
Senses: glosses: A major or minor academic concentration that is an acceptable prerequisite for certain teaching certifications or teacher education programs.
Derived terms: teachable agent
teachable moment
docility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: docilities
Etymology: From Middle French docilité, from Latin docilitas.
Senses: examples: text: Couldn't docility from totalitarian indoctrination be a human shortcoming?
glosses: The quality of being docile.
Synonyms: docileness
lethargic
placidity
Derived terms: undocility
parish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæɹɪʃ/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpæɹɪʃ/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/
homophone: perish (Mary–marry–merry merger)
rhymes: -æɹɪʃ
Forms: form: parishes
form: paroch
Etymology: From Middle English parisshe, from Old French paroisse (compare the obsolete variant paroch, from Anglo-Norman paroche, parosse), from Late Latin parochia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía, “a dwelling abroad”).
Senses: examples: text: With some of it on the south and more of it on the north of the great main thoroughfare that connects Aldgate and the East India Docks, St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
text: Near-synonym: vicarate
topics: Catholicism
Christianity
Roman-Catholicism
hyponyms: gimong
qualifier: Anglicanism; Eastern Orthodoxy; Anglicanism; Eastern Orthodoxy
glosses: An administrative part of a diocese that has its own church.
synonyms: parishioner
glosses: The community attending that church; the members of the parish.
glosses: An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live.
examples: text: Atlantic gales constantly buffet Morwenstow, whose seven hamlets together constitute Cornwall's most northerly parish. The village is dotted with trees moulded into weird shapes by the wind, and above the trees rise the vicarage chimneystacks resembling miniature church towers.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 288:
glosses: A civil subdivision of a British county, often corresponding to an earlier ecclesiastical parish.
glosses: In some countries, an administrative subdivision of an area.
glosses: In some countries, an administrative subdivision of an area.
An administrative subdivision in the U.S. state of Louisiana that is equivalent to a county in other U.S. states.
Derived terms: a dumb priest never got a parish
civil parish
come upon the parish
emparish
interparish
Longparish
nonparish
outparish
parish assembly
parish church
parish clerk
parish house
parishioner
parish lantern
parish priest
parish prig
parish-pump
parish pump politics
parish register
parish room
parish school
parish seat
purser rigged and parish damned
Saint Ann Parish
unparished
Related terms: parochial
parish
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæɹɪʃ/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpæɹɪʃ/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/
homophone: perish (Mary–marry–merry merger)
rhymes: -æɹɪʃ
Forms: form: parishes
form: parishing
form: parished
form: parished
form: paroch
Etymology: From Middle English parisshe, from Old French paroisse (compare the obsolete variant paroch, from Anglo-Norman paroche, parosse), from Late Latin parochia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía, “a dwelling abroad”).
Senses: examples: text: […] [m]akes possible, through the aid of the rural ministers, the development of the various phases of the District program, such as (a) Parishing of the District; (b) Interdenominational adjustment in the interest of rural religious advance […]
ref: 1917, Annual Report of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, page 70
text: Father Malachy, a distant cousin, who was parished somewhere in the depths of Co. Monaghan, sat firmly in the chair in the corner, sipping his tea from a china cup.
ref: 1972, Winter's Tales from Ireland, volume 2, page 55:
ref: 1991, Melissa Bradley Kirkpatrick, Re-parishing the Countryside: Progressivism and Religious Interests in Rural Life Reform, 1908-1934:
text: Consequently, approaching half of the non-metropolitan population of England is parished (Table 2.2).
[…]
The South West and East Midlands are also particularly well parished while the North West, West Midlands and South East are poorly parished.
ref: 1992, Parish and town councils in England: a survey, pages 17 and 21:
text: Dr Whitehead: In your written evidence, you have all in different ways made the distinction between NDOs in parished areas and NDOs in non-parished areas, […]
ref: 2011, Sustainable development in the Localism Bill: third report, →ISBN, page 5:
glosses: To place (an area, or rarely a person) into one or more parishes.
examples: text: […] a chair immediately opposite to Tressady's place remained vacant. It was being kept for the eldest son of the house, his mother explaining carelessly to Lord Fontenoy that she believed he was "Out parishing somewhere, as usual."
ref: 1896, Mrs. Humphry Ward, Sir George Tressady, volume 1, →ISBN:
text: "You will take pleasure in parishing. Mother used to parish."
"How do you know I like parishing?"
"Your uncle said so."
"Oh! did he?"
"And you may like the rectory people; it's a fine old house, and often full of visitors."
ref: 1903, Maxwell Gray, Richard Rosny, page 210:
text: "Are you going ‘parishing’ this morning?" inquired Diana, as she watched him fill and light his pipe.
ref: 1921, Margaret Pedler, The Splendid Folly, page 46:
text: In 1916 he was Rector of Hampton Bishop, a village on the River Wye outside Hereford, and one day while “parishing”, as he called visiting his flock, a farmers' wife, a Mrs. Christopher Field, gave him an account of her father's death-bed; […]
ref: 2013, Ann Bridge, Moments of Knowing:
glosses: To visit residents of a parish.
parish
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæɹɪʃ/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpæɹɪʃ/
note: General American, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/
homophone: perish (Mary–marry–merry merger)
rhymes: -æɹɪʃ
Forms: form: parishes
form: parishing
form: parished
form: parished
form: paroch
Senses: glosses: Pronunciation spelling of perish, representing Mary–marry–merry merger English.
parish church
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: parish churches
Etymology: From Middle English parische chirche; equivalent to parish + church.
Senses: glosses: A church that serves as the religious centre of a parish; the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches.
Synonyms: parochial church
Related terms: parish register
parish register
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: parish registers
Senses: glosses: A book, held in a parish church, in which baptisms, marriages and burials are recorded.
burial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɛɹɪəl/
ipa: /ˈbɛɹiəl/
ipa: /ˈbɝiəl/
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɛɹɪəl
rhymes: (General American) -ɛɹiəl
Forms: form: burials
form: buriall
Etymology: From Middle English beriel, a re-interpretation of Old English byrġels as a plural, from byrġan (“to bury”) + -els, equivalent to bury + -al.
Senses: examples: text: His whole family was present at his burial.
text: The mourners listened as the priest performed the burial service of long-time parishioner Wendy Stuart.
text: A dreary year for the Squadron, this 1819, when officers and men fell sick by the shipload and were sent home by the tenderful, when Lemon Valley Hospital was supplemented by the one at High Peak, when Court-Martials were held at the rate of one a fortnight, burials thrice a week, and surveys on foul provisions every other day!
ref: 1912, George Leo de St. M. Watson, Sir Robert Thomas Wilson, A Polish Exile with Napoleon, page 276:
text: However, many Cromlechs and Dolmins are carelessly called "Druid's circles", when in reality they were the burial places of ancient chieftains and their households[.]
ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 206:
glosses: The act of burying; interment; placing remains into the earth.
Derived terms: burial at sea
burial case
burial chamber
burial ground
burial mound
burial place
burial plot
burial site
burial society
burial stone
green burial
heart-burial
mass burial
multiburial
natural burial
preburial
primary burial
reburial
secondary burial
ship burial
sky burial
tree burial
unburial
wind burial
protirement
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Blend of pro- + retirement; coined by Arthur Godfrey, according to the article Let's Protire, The American Mercury, January 1961.
Senses: examples: 1961. George Jean Nathan, Henry Louis Mencken The American Mercury, p. 92,
In other words, retirement connotes regression, whereas protirement would mean progression. ... Arthur Godfrey was right! "Retirement" is a dirty word.
1998, John S. Murphy, Frederic M. Hudson The Joy of Old, Geode Press, 1998, (Amazon.Com book review),
Retire? Thats something you do to a wheel. The authors suggest Protirement instead
glosses: Early retirement from professional work with the positive idea of pursuing something more fulfilling.
Related terms: protire
downshifting
drop out
secretive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsiːkɹɪtɪv/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /ˈsiːkɹətɪv/
Forms: form: more secretive
form: most secretive
Etymology: From Middle English secretife, equivalent to secret + -ive.
Senses: examples: text: She's a secretive girl, not giving away much about her life.
text: Why are you acting all secretive? What are you hiding?
text: Sitting back on a bench in the sunshine, Tom and I began to catch up with each other while the girls arranged their surprises at the remotest picnic table in the lay-by. Genial lorry drivers, munching wurst high in their cabs, looking down on their secretive toing and froing with interest.
ref: 1987, Christina Hardyment, “Picking up Gold and Silver”, in Heidi’s Alp: One Family’s Search for Storybook Europe, Book Club edition, New York, N.Y.: The Atlantic Monthly Press, →OCLC, page 100:
glosses: Having an inclination to secrecy.
Synonyms: furtive
sly
Derived terms: secretively
secretive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsiːkɹɪtɪv/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /ˈsiːkɹətɪv/
ipa: /səˈkɹiːtɪv/
ipa: /ˈsiːkɹɪtɪv/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /ˈsiːkɹətɪv/
Senses: glosses: Relating to secretion
undercover
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈkʌvə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: more undercover
form: most undercover
Etymology: From under + cover.
Senses: glosses: Performed or happening in secret.
glosses: Employed or engaged in spying or secret investigation.
Synonyms: clandestine
Derived terms: undercover car
Related terms: cloak-and-dagger
undercover
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈkʌvə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: undercovers
Etymology: From under + cover.
Senses: examples: text: Then there's the heterosexual, open-mined ^([sic]) entourage who loves us dearly and are our best friends. They laugh at our humor and understand our sorrow. For they are rare and unique in prison. But the vipers always ruin things. They refer to our straight friends as "Closet-Cases," "Undercovers," and "Flip-Floppers."
ref: 1990 December 16, Gianni Comes, “Not Just Homophobia”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 22, page 4:
glosses: A person who works undercover.
undercover
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈkʌvə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: undercovers
form: undercovering
form: undercovered
form: undercovered
Etymology: From under + cover.
Senses: examples: text: The estimates of bias reported here depend on the assumption that 6- to 14-year-olds were undercovered at the same rate as children 0 to 14 years old and that 16- to 17-year-olds were undercovered at the same rate as 16- to 19-year-olds.
ref: 2000, Robin R. Henke, Phillipp Kaufman, Stephen P. Broughman, Kathryn Chandler, Issues related to estimating the home-schooled population in theUnited States with national household survey data, →ISBN:
text: To oversimplify, if black males age 20 to 29 are undercovered by 50 percent, then the first stage sampling weights for black males age 20 to 29 are doubled to properly sum to known population totals.
ref: 2004, Gary Orfield, Dropouts in America: confronting the graduation rate crisis, page 116:
glosses: To provide too little coverage.
cloak-and-dagger
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Calque of French de cape et d'épée (“of the cloak and the sword”); first attested 1840. The French term referred to a genre of drama in which the main characters wore cloaks and had swords. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow used the “cloak and sword” term in 1840, whereas Charles Dickens preferred “cloak and dagger” a year later.
Senses: examples: text: Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran [headline]
ref: 2009 February 18, Philip Sherwell, Dina Kraft, “Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran”, in The Age:
text: Two years after ordering the mass internment of German refugees at the start of the second world war, the British government put a small, elite group of them in military uniforms and sent them on a secret cloak-and-dagger mission to occupied Dieppe to snatch an Enigma coding machine from under the Nazis’ noses.
ref: 2021 May 9, Andrew Gumbel, “Raid on Dieppe masked secret mission to steal Nazis’ Enigma machine”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
synonyms: word: covert
word: clandestine
word: undercover
word: abstruse
word: behind the scenes
word: catlike
word: stealth
word: clandestine
word: cloak-and-dagger
word: concealed
word: confidential
word: covert
word: deep-laid
word: dern
word: disguised
word: furtive
word: huggermugger
word: hush-hush
word: inconspicuous
word: incognito
word: low profile
word: lurksome
word: lurky
word: mousy
word: obfuscated
word: off-the-books
word: on the down-low
word: on the sly
word: secret
word: secretive
word: slinky
word: sly
word: sneaky
word: stealthy
word: sub rosa
word: surreptitious
word: under-the-table
word: under the radar
word: under wraps
word: undercover
word: underground
word: unperceived
glosses: Marked by menacing furtive secrecy, often with a melodramatic tint or espionage involved.
wikipedia: Charles Dickens
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Derived terms: cloak-and-daggery
Related terms: cloak-and-sworder
secrecy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsiːkɹəsi/
Forms: form: secrecies
Etymology: Alteration (on model of primacy, etc) of Late Middle English secretee, from Old French secré.
Senses: examples: text: I was sworn to secrecy.
text: Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers,[…]. Even such a boat as the Mount Vernon offered a total deck space so cramped as to leave secrecy or privacy well out of the question, even had the motley and democratic assemblage of passengers been disposed to accord either.
ref: 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
text: I suspect that this large and complex military railway system, shrouded in official secrecy for most of its operational life, remains unknown to many people.
ref: 2022 January 12, Chris Hegg, “The secret railway in the woods”, in RAIL, number 948, page 34:
glosses: Concealment; the condition of being secret or hidden.
glosses: The habit of keeping secrets.
Synonyms: word: dern
Derived terms: professional secrecy
secrecy jurisdiction
Related terms: secretiveness
concealment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈsiːlmənt/
Forms: form: concealments
Etymology: From Old French concelement (“concealment, secrecy”). By surface analysis, conceal + -ment.
Senses: examples: text: weapons concealment
text: act of concealment
text: concealment of identity
text: The documents were hidden in deliberate concealment.
text: He was charged with the concealment of evidence.
glosses: The practice of keeping secrets.
glosses: The condition of being hidden or concealed.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: protection from observation or surveillance.
Derived terms: nonconcealment
unconcealment
surveillance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/
ipa: /səˈveɪ.ləns/
ipa: /səɾˈveː.ljəns/
Forms: form: surveillances
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”), from surveiller (“to watch, oversee”), from sur- (“over”) + veiller (“to watch”), from Middle French, from Old French veillier (“to stay awake”), from Latin vigilāre (“to be watchful”). More at vigilant.
Senses: glosses: Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion.
examples: text: Lady Anne appeared in a week or two to have greatly recovered her appetite, and she talked much of the benefit derived from her native air, in order to gain which, she constantly drove out in Lord Rotheles's carriages, and appeared to derive comfort from her admiration of his beautiful bays; beyond this Helen could not perceive that her airings were useful, as her cough increased exceedingly, and all the visitants at the castle expressed surprise "that she did not place herself under the surveillance of one or other of the great physicians of the metropolis."
ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 66–67:
glosses: Continuous monitoring of disease occurrence for example.
examples: text: The threat of terrorism to the British lies in the overreaction to it of British governments. Each one in turn clicks up the ratchet of surveillance, intrusion and security. Each one diminishes liberty.
ref: 2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23:
text: Cook was making an impassioned plea to end the technology industry’s collection and sale of user data. “This is surveillance,” he continued.
ref: 2019 January 31, Ian Bogost, quoting Tim Cook, “Apple’s Empty Grandstanding About Privacy”, in The Atlantic:
text: And that sight will become more common in the coming years, as the city’s police pursue an ambitious campaign to install thousands of cameras to elevate their surveillance capabilities.
ref: 2024 October 5, Jessie Yeung, “Hong Kong plans to install thousands of surveillance cameras. Critics say it’s more proof the city is moving closer to China”, in CNN:
topics: espionage
government
military
politics
war
glosses: Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means.
topics: law
glosses: In criminal law, an investigation process by which police gather evidence about crimes, or suspected crime, through continued observation of persons or places.
Derived terms: antisurveillance
biosurveillance
countersurveillance
cybersurveillance
e-surveillance
geosurveillance
immunosurveillance
mass surveillance
oversurveillance
re-surveillance
serosurveillance
surveillance approach
surveillance camera
surveillance capitalism
uberveillance
video surveillance
Related terms: surveil
lookout
shadowing
sousveillance
stakeout
tailing
wiretapping
suspicion
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈspɪʃ.ən/
rhymes: -ɪʃən
Forms: form: suspicions
form: suspicioning
form: suspicioned
form: suspicioned
form: suspition
form: 'spicion
Etymology: From Middle English suspecioun, borrowed from Latin suspīciō, suspīciōnem, from suspicere, from sub- (“up to”) with specere (“to look at”). Perhaps partly through the influence of Old French sospeçon (or rather the Anglo-Norman form suspecioun). Equivalent to suspect + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: “Well, what’s more dangerous than coming here in the day time!—anybody would suspicion us that saw us.”
ref: 1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XXVI, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 202:
text: Mulvaney continued— "Whin I was full awake the palanquin was set down in a street, I suspicioned, for I cud hear people passin' an' talkin'. But I knew well I was far from home. […]
ref: 1891, Rudyard Kipling, “The Incarnation of Krishna Mulvaney”, in Life's Handicap:
text: "I've been suspicioning here was where they got their information right along," the sheriff commented, and slipped the handcuffs on the landlord.
ref: 2012, B. M. Bower, Cow-Country, page 195:
glosses: To suspect; to have suspicions.
suspect
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: sə.spĕktʹ
ipa: /səˈspɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
Forms: form: suspects
form: suspecting
form: suspected
form: suspected
Etymology: From Old French suspect, from Latin suspectus, perfect passive participle of suspiciō (“mistrust, suspect”), from sub (“under”), + speciō (“watch, look at”).
Senses: examples: text: to suspect the presence of disease
text: From her hand I could suspect no ill.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
text: Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
text: WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them. The dispatches revealed details of corruption and kleptocracy that many Tunisians suspected, but could not prove, and would cite as they took to the streets.
ref: 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:
glosses: To imagine or suppose (something) to be true, or to exist, without proof.
examples: text: to suspect the truth of a story
text: An inhabitant of Gubio, in the duchy of Urbino, in Italy, suspecting the fidelity of his wife, he, in a fit of jealousy, in order to find out whether his suspicion was true, did what the ecclesiastick history informs us Origen did from devotion.
ref: 1785, James Ridgway, A Dictionary of Literary Conversation:
glosses: To distrust or have doubts about (something or someone).
examples: text: I suspect him of being the thief.
glosses: To believe (someone) to be guilty.
glosses: To have suspicion.
glosses: To look up to; to respect.
Synonyms: sense: imagine or suppose to be true
word: imagine
sense: imagine or suppose to be true
word: suppose
sense: imagine or suppose to be true
word: think
sense: distrust, have doubts about
word: distrust
sense: distrust, have doubts about
word: doubt
sense: believe to be guilty
word: accuse
sense: believe to be guilty
word: point the finger at
suspect
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: suspects
Etymology: From Old French suspect, from Latin suspectus, perfect passive participle of suspiciō (“mistrust, suspect”), from sub (“under”), + speciō (“watch, look at”).
Senses: examples: 1942, Casablanca, written by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Howard Koch
Round up the usual suspects.
glosses: A person who is suspected of something, in particular of committing a crime.
Derived terms: prime suspect
suspectless
suspook
usual suspects
suspect
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: sŭsʹpĕkt
ipa: /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/
Forms: form: more suspect
form: most suspect
Etymology: From Old French suspect, from Latin suspectus, perfect passive participle of suspiciō (“mistrust, suspect”), from sub (“under”), + speciō (“watch, look at”).
Senses: examples: text: What I can do or offer is suspect.
ref: 1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 2:
text: In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.
ref: 2013 January 24, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 09 Feb 2017, page 64:
text: Facing a backlash over the use of the term “cosmopolitan,” [Josh] Hawley later defended himself against accusations of antisemitism on Twitter as “an ardent advocate of the state of Israel and the Jewish people.” But this conflation of the state of Israel and the Jewish people is the entire point. To today’s far right, Israel is a firm ally against Islam, while “cosmopolitans,” many of whom just happen to be Jewish, are suspect.
ref: 2019 July 24, David Austin Walsh, “Flirting With Fascism”, in Jewish Currents:
text: What appears suspect about the Beeching Report is how quickly it was railroaded through, with the answers manufactured before the questions were asked.
ref: 2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 52:
glosses: Viewed with suspicion; suspected.
examples: text: Now I’m suspect of other advice that I read in your pages.
ref: 2004, Will Nickell, letter to the editor of Field & Stream, Volume CIX Number 8 (December 2004–January 2005), page 18
glosses: Viewing with suspicion; suspecting.
Synonyms: sense: viewed with suspicion
word: dodgy
sense: viewed with suspicion
word: doubtful
sense: viewed with suspicion
word: dubious
sense: viewed with suspicion
word: fishy
sense: viewed with suspicion
word: suspicious
sense: viewed with suspicion
word: sus
Related terms: suspicion
suspicious
imagine
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪn/
ipa: /ɪˈmɛd͡ʒ.ɪn/
Forms: form: imagines
form: imagining
form: imagined
form: imagined
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: imagine
form: imagine
form: imagined
form: imagine
form: imaginest
form: imagined
form: imaginedst
form: imagines
form: imagineth
form: imagined
form: imagine
form: imagined
form: imagine
form: imagined
form: imagine
form: -
form: imagining
form: imagined
Etymology: From Middle English ymagynen, from Middle French imaginer, from Latin imāginor, from imāginem, the accusative singular of imāgō (“a copy, likeness, image”).
Senses: examples: text: Try to imagine a pink elephant.
text: Imagine yourself in a packed airport lounge.
text: Imagine all the people / Livin' life in peace
ref: 1971, John Lennon, “Imagine”, in Imagine (album):
text: Or in the night, imagining ſome feare, / How eaſie is a buſh ſuppos’d a Beare?
ref: c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 159, column 2:
text: Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.
ref: 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:
synonyms: project
see
fancy
glosses: To form a mental image of something; to envision or create something in one's mind.
examples: text: She imagined that the man wanted to kill her.
text: There's nothing there; you're just imagining things.
synonyms: fancy
glosses: To believe in something created by one's own mind, often something false.
examples: text: I imagine that he will need to rest after such a long flight.
glosses: To assume; to suppose.
examples: text: I cannot even imagine what you are up to!
text: The board imagines the merger will increase profits by 25%
glosses: To conjecture; to guess.
examples: text: Imagine that we were siblings.
glosses: To use one's imagination.
examples: text: How long wil ye imagine miſchiefe againſt a man?
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 62:3, column 1:
glosses: To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise.
examples: text: Imagine thinking that would work.
qualifier: rhetorical
glosses: Used to mock an idea by suggesting that it is ridiculous or ill thought through.
Synonyms: ween
Derived terms: disimagine
imaginability
imaginable
imaginal
imaginarium
imaginary
imagination
imaginative
Imagineer
imagine that
imaginify
imaginist
imaginitis
imaginous
misimagine
outimagine
overimagine
preimagine
reimagine
unimaginable
unimagine
Related terms: image
imagery
imago
imagine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪn/
ipa: /ɪˈmɛd͡ʒ.ɪn/
Forms: form: imagines
Etymology: From Middle English ymagynen, from Middle French imaginer, from Latin imāginor, from imāginem, the accusative singular of imāgō (“a copy, likeness, image”).
Senses: examples: text: Some imagines are more sexual and creepy than others: "Imagine Stiles walking in on you giving Scott a blowjob."
ref: 2015 March 2, Laura Starling, “FFIC101: An Introduction to the Horrors of Fanfiction”, in Critic, University of Otago, page 21:
text: i personally like imagines and fanfics so i found a good amount of kylo ren x reader fics and started going through them.
ref: 2016 December, Jocelyn Chambers, “The Exclusion Of People Of Color In Fanfiction”, in Majesty, page 96:
text: If I get inspired immediately, I can bust out an imagine in 5-10 minutes.
ref: 2019, "thranduilsperkybutt", quoted in "Author Spotlight: thranduilsperkybutt", Lemon, February 2019, page 37
topics: lifestyle
glosses: A short fanfic or prompt placing a reader insert in a novel scenario with a character or celebrity.
bizarre
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈzɑː(ɹ)/
ipa: /bəˈzɑː(ɹ)/
ipa: /bɪˈzɑɹ/
ipa: /bəˈzɑɹ/
homophone: bazaar (weak vowel merger)
Forms: form: more bizarre
form: bizarrer
form: most bizarre
form: bizarrest
Etymology: Borrowed from French bizarre (“odd, peculiar, bizarre”, formerly “headlong, angry”). Either from Basque bizar (“a beard”) (the notion being that bearded Spanish soldiers made a strange impression on the French), or from Italian bizzarro.
Senses: examples: text: His bizarre behaviour caused people to stare at him.
text: […]no, the abjectly unheroic nature of the death,—that was the sting,—that and the bizarre wording of the resulting obituary: “Shot with a rock, on a raft.”
ref: 1880, Mark Twain [pseudonym] (Samuel L[anghorne] Clemens), chapter XVII, in A Tramp Abroad; […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company; London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, pages 154–155:
text: Strange as it all was, bizarre as it may hereafter seem even to us who felt its potent influence at the time, it comforted us much; and the silence, which showed Mrs. Harker’s coming relapse from her freedom of soul, did not seem so full of despair to any of us as we had dreaded.
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:
text: […] she had brass leggings to the knee, brass wire gauntlets to the elbow, a crimson spot on her tawny cheek, innumerable necklaces of glass beads on her neck; bizarre things, charms, gifts of witch-men, that hung about her, glittered and trembled at every step.
ref: 1899 (please specify the page), Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part:
text: I confess that I had not up to now taken a very serious view of the case, which had seemed to me rather grotesque and bizarre than dangerous.
ref: 1903 December 26, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC:
text: That's what we are / We all want a love bizarre
ref: 1985, “A Love Bizarre”, in Romance 1600, performed by Sheila E. ft. Prince:
text: West Brom enjoyed more possession as the half progressed and were handed a penalty of their own in the 21st minute in bizarre circumstances.
ref: 2011 October 22, Sam Sheringham, “Aston Villa 1 - 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:
text: Unfortunately, she has used the attack as a launch pad for a bizarre and undercooked exercise in rhetorical bothsidesism, in which she argues that American Jews should be just as worried about college students who overzealously criticize Israel as they are about the aspiring Einsatzgruppen who shoot up shuls.
ref: 2019 September 6, Jordan Weissman, “How Not to Fight Anti-Semitism”, in Slate:
glosses: Strangely unconventional; highly unusual and different from common experience, often in an extravagant, fantastic, and/or conspicuous way.
Derived terms: bizarre caddisfly
bizarrely
bizarre magic
bizarreness
bizarro
unbizarre
bizarre
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈzɑː(ɹ)/
ipa: /bəˈzɑː(ɹ)/
ipa: /bɪˈzɑɹ/
ipa: /bəˈzɑɹ/
homophone: bazaar (weak vowel merger)
Forms: form: bizarres
Etymology: Borrowed from French bizarre (“odd, peculiar, bizarre”, formerly “headlong, angry”). Either from Basque bizar (“a beard”) (the notion being that bearded Spanish soldiers made a strange impression on the French), or from Italian bizzarro.
Senses: topics: agriculture
business
horticulture
lifestyle
glosses: A carnation having stripes of two distinct colours on the white petals.