cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
retheorizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of retheorize
retheorizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of retheorize
retheorization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: retheorizations
Etymology: From re- + theorization.
Senses: glosses: The process or result of retheorizing.
retheorizations
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of retheorization
honky tonks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of honky tonk
jug bands
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jug band
minstrel shows
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of minstrel show
Iaai
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A Malayo-Polynesian language of Ouvéa Island in New Caledonia.
squeamishnesses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of squeamishness
sagenesses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sageness
salaciousnesses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of salaciousness
saltimboccas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of saltimbocca
dehydroxylate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: dehydroxylates
form: dehydroxylating
form: dehydroxylated
form: dehydroxylated
Etymology: From de- + hydroxylate.
Senses: examples: text: In general, the goethite and hematite responsible for red coloration of rock particles form by combined hydrolysis and oxidation of Fe(II) bearing minerals (e.g. pyrite, marcasite or iron-rich silicates), which afterwards dehydroxylate into hematite [49 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Core-Shell Processing of Natural Pigment: Upper Palaeolithic Red Ochre from Lovas, Hungary”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: To remove a hydroxyl group
Derived terms: dehydroxylation
deuteroreduction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From deutero- + reduction.
Senses: examples: text: After this a deuteroreduction step was carried out.
ref: 2015 July 6, “The Cytotoxicity of Elderberry Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Is Not Solely Determined by Their Protein Translation Inhibition Activity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: reduction (chemical reaction) using deuterium or a deuteride.
Related terms: deuteroreduce
diagnosibility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The results show the better diagnosibility of glucose and lactic acid in synovial fluids of active RA (Fig 2C ).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Energy Metabolism Disorder as a Contributing Factor of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparative Proteomic and Metabolomic Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of diagnosability.
diglycerol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: diglycerols
Senses: examples: text: The metabolic pathway of beta-mannosylglycerate and diglycerol were unknown.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Energy Metabolism Disorder as a Contributing Factor of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparative Proteomic and Metabolomic Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: diglyceryl ether
diglyceryl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From di- + glyceryl.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Two glyceryl groups in a molecule
dioleoyl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dioleoyls
Etymology: From di- + oleoyl.
Senses: examples: text: As the targeting ligands we used short peptide fragments of ApoE or of β-amyloid that were pre-conjugated to dioleoyl succinate (DO-succinate).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Nano-Drugs Based on Nano Sterically Stabilized Liposomes for the Treatment of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Two oleoyl groups in a molecule
dispersalistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Further, due to the relatively short dispersal distances in fynbos [105 –107 ] and the regularity of fire as a potential vicariance mechanism [108 ], the criticism of zero rooting [103 ] may prove less of a theoretical hindrance in the CFR, where dispersalistic interpretations are less frequently invoked.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Optimising Regionalisation Techniques: Identifying Centres of Endemism in the Extraordinarily Endemic-Rich Cape Floristic Region”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: dispersalist
dispersalist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From dispersal + -ist.
Senses: glosses: Relating to, or caused by dispersal
dispersalist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dispersalists
Etymology: From dispersal + -ist.
Senses: glosses: A proponent of dispersalism.
dissapointed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Of 50 men and 92 women asked if they were dissapointed about the outcome of their suicide attempt, men stated significantly more often than women that this was the case (22.00% versus 7.61%; χ 2 = 6.06; df = 1; p = 0.014) [29 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “What Are Reasons for the Large Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicidal Acts? An Epidemiological Analysis in Four European Countries”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of disappointed.
dystelectasis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dystelectases
Etymology: From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: dys- + tel- + ectasis.
Senses: examples: text: Hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections were used to analyse overall lung injury, dystelectasis, alveolar wall thickening, emphysema, blood clotting and inflammation by light microscopy (Leica DMI6000 B, Leica, Heerbrugg, Switzerland).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Exposure to 100% Oxygen Abolishes the Impairment of Fracture Healing after Thoracic Trauma”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Improper inflation of the lungs
wikipedia: classical compound
international scientific vocabulary
Related terms: atelectasis
electrodense
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more electrodense
form: most electrodense
Etymology: From electro- + dense.
Senses: examples: text: In both progenies, electrodense deposits were observed between the cell walls of the foliar mesophyll (Figs 1D and 2D).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Molecular, Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Pb Toxicity in Seedlings of Theobroma cacao L.”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: That is visualised as dense in electron microscopy (typically due to the presence of metal)
euedrally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: Main minerals detected were Na-rich plagioclase (possibly albite), calcite/aragonite, phyllosilicates and, occasionally, zircon, namely subangular to euedrally shaped (S7C Fig ).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera, L.) as Active Samplers of Airborne Particulate Matter”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of euhedrally.
fibroproliferative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From fibro- + proliferative.
Senses: examples: text: Multiple pathways are involved in the resolution of existing and progressing fibroproliferative diseases [32 ], which will ultimately lead to different outcomes when they become deregulated.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Lung Transcriptomics during Protective Ventilatory Support in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Characterised by proliferation of fibroblasts
flavonone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Among them, Naringin, a flavonone found in grapefruit, has been reported to exhibit various therapeutic and pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and antimutagenic effects [18 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Preconditioning L6 Muscle Cells with Naringin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Increases Glucose Uptake”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of flavanone.
coprological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From coprology + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: Diagnosis of F. hepatica was previously based on coprological techniques alone, but with the advent of coproantigen, copro-PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the diagnosis of F. hepatica in sera and milk, detection of F. hepatica has become more sensitive.
ref: 2015 July 9, Yris Bloemhoff et al., “Determining the Prevalence and Seasonality of Fasciola hepatica in Pasture-based Dairy herds in Ireland using a Bulk Tank Milk ELISA”, in Irish Veterinary Journal, volume 68, →DOI:
glosses: Related to or involving coprology, the scientific study of feces.
Synonyms: scatological
biovolumes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of biovolume
somal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From soma + -al.
Senses: examples: text: Gubernick, Sengelaub, and Kurz (1993) reported that mPOA neuron somal size increased in females following pregnancy, parturition and the initiation of maternal behavior.
ref: 2007 December 11, Craig Howard Kinsley, Massimo Bardi, Kate Karelina, Brandi Rima, Lillian Christon, Julia Friedenberg, Garrett Griffin, “Motherhood Induces and Maintains Behavioral and Neural Plasticity across the Lifespan in the Rat”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Of or related to the soma, or cell body, of a neuron.
Derived terms: juxtasomal
somatosensorial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From somato- + sensorial.
Senses: examples: text: In fact, the rich sensory experiences provided to the dam by the nursing pups (olfactory, auditory, gustatory, somatosensorial/suckling, and visual) appears to play a role in the re-organization of the somatosensory cortex of the lactating female (Xerri, Stern, & Merzenich, 1994 ).
ref: 2007 December 11, Craig Howard Kinsley, Massimo Bardi, Kate Karelina, Brandi Rima, Lillian Christon, Julia Friedenberg, Garrett Griffin, “Motherhood Induces and Maintains Behavioral and Neural Plasticity across the Lifespan in the Rat”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:
glosses: Of or related to somatosensory perception.
helicrane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: helicranes
Etymology: From heli- + crane.
Senses: examples: text: On a lighter note, Mr Rudd remarked that Elvis was indeed still alive, referring to the firefighting helicrane that doused the community with 9000 litres of water as flames swept across the region.
ref: 2009 February 16, John Ferguson, “Prime Minister Kevin Rudd tries to raise a little boy's spirits”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 21 Feb 2009:
glosses: A heavy-lift helicopter.
helicranes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of helicrane
emerging market
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: emerging markets
Etymology: Popularized by the International Finance Corporation, early 1980s.
Senses: examples: text: And while Brazil's Telebras and South Africa's Anglo American Corp. again rank among the world's top emerging-market groups, their market capitalizations are also down from last year.
ref: 1998 July 13, Kerry Capell et al., “Emerging Markets: The Winners in a Losing Year”, in Businessweek, retrieved 10 Jul 2015:
text: Around 70% of world growth over the next few years will come from emerging markets, with China and India accounting for 40% of that growth.
ref: 2011 July 8, Kenneth Rapoza, “Emerging Market Growth Beats US”, in Forbes, retrieved 10 Jul 2015:
text: It's been a long time since the farmers left the "farmhouses" of Delhi, but the word now describes the weekend retreats of the upper class, playgrounds on the fringes of this emerging-market city.
ref: 2012 April 23, Ruchir Sharma, “Hitting the BRIC Wall”, in Time, retrieved 10 Jul 2015:
text: Government departments advised him to seek out new business in “emerging markets”, counsel he said was risible given the huge market on Britain’s doorstep.
ref: 2022 November 15, Lisa O'Carroll, “Cheesemaker sells firm to overcome Brexit barriers after losing £600,000 in sales”, in The Guardian:
topics: business
economics
finance
sciences
glosses: A relatively less-developed country or other trading region undergoing significant growth in production, consumption, or foreign investment.
examples: text: [H]is members saw an emerging market for even more luxurious dwellings among those "who would rather pay for amenities instead of space."
ref: 1987 May 3, Andree Brooks, “Can a Town Set a Minimum House Size?”, in New York Times, retrieved 10 Jul 2015:
text: One year ago, when AOL and Time Warner first proposed their merger, . . . there was talk of monopolistic muscle in the emerging markets for high-speed Internet service, instant messaging and interactive television.
ref: 2001 January 19, “AOL Time Warner”, in Washington Post, retrieved 10 Jul 2015:
topics: economics
sciences
glosses: New and increasing demand or consumer purchasing activity (for a product or service).
raw_tags: followed by for
Related terms: BRIC
call and response
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: call-response
form: call-and-response
Senses: examples: text: Donald Trump didn’t shy away from several Qanon chants that erupted throughout the last leg of his New Hampshire campaign on Monday. ¶ During a quiet moment of the rally, attendees engaged in a bit of call-and-response with the GOP front-runner, shouting things at Trump for his reactions.
ref: 2024 January 23, Ellie Quinlan Houghtaling, “A Creepy QAnon Chant Rises at Trump’s Rally—and He Nods and Smiles”, in The New Republic:
glosses: An interaction between speaker and listener, in which statements of the speaker are rapidly followed by responses from the listener.
qualifier: singing
glosses: A musical technique in which one or more performers calls and others, often the audience, respond with alternating musical phrases.
topics: lifestyle
religion
synonyms: litany
glosses: A prayer or preaching verbal technique similar to this.
Related terms: Prayers of the People
puncture vine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: puncture vines
form: puncturevine
Senses: glosses: A creeping weed with strong thorns on its fruits capable of puncturing bicycle tires, Tribulus terrestris.
Synonyms: sense: weed with strong thorns
word: caltrop
sense: weed with strong thorns
word: dubbeltjie
puncture vines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of puncture vine
Old Country
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: the Old Country
Senses: examples: text: Similar to these were songs with nostalgic texts about longing for the Old Country.
ref: 2001, The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: North America. Garland Publishing. Ellen Koskoff (Ed.). Pg. 815
glosses: Alternative form of old country.
job titles
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of job title
country dances
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of country dance
progressive longways formation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A country dance, most often specifically a type of New England line dance.
longways for as many as will
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: A country dance, most often specifically a type of New England line dance.
possibilist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: possibilists
Etymology: From possible + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Unless the actualist can adduce reasons to believe an explanation for @’s actuality, therefore, she will be at a disadvantage to the possibilist who believes all worlds to be on metaphysical par.
ref: 2015 January 8, Leo Carton Mollica, “Explanation and nowness: an objection to the A-Theory”, in Philosophical Studies, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Someone who advocates possibilism, the position that things do not need to actually exist in order to have properties.
examples: text: As early as 1881, the possibilists had won considerable backing in Parisian municipal elections;
ref: 1991, Gary P. Steenson, After Marx, Before Lenin, page 130:
topics: government
human-sciences
ideology
philosophy
politics
sciences
socialism
glosses: A socialist who advocates focusing on small, achievable forms of immediate progress rather than an all-or-nothing commitment to revolution.
examples: text: People often call me an optimist, because I show them the enormous progress they didn't know about. That makes me angry. I'm not an optimist. That makes me sound naive. I'm a very serious “possibilist”. That’s something I made up. It means someone who neither hopes without reason, nor fears without reason, someone who constantly resists the overdramatic worldview. As a possibilist, I see all this progress, and it fills me with conviction and hope that further progress is possible. This is not optimistic. It is having a clear and reasonable idea about how things are. It is having a worldview that is constructive and useful.;
ref: 2017, Hans Rosling, Ola Rosling, Anna Rosling Ronnlund, Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Someone who neither hopes without reason, nor fears without reason. Someone who uses analysis of data to understand the relative probability of future possibilities, instead of relying on intuition, emotions, personal experience, dogma, superstition, mainstream thought, or mental models (e.g., pessimism or optimism).
Related terms: possibilism
possibilists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of possibilist
hillbilly music
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: qualifier: to the 1930s
glosses: A mix of Appalachian, Southern and western music, performed by rural white people in a range of styles for commercial recording in the early United States popular music industry; the precursor to country music.
Coordinate terms: bluegrass
old-time country
descriptionist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: descriptionists
Etymology: From description + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: The author of the Waverley novels is another fine example; but he clearly takes his highest rank as a descriptionist—the painter of effects and appearances rather than of facts and of causes.
ref: 1824, The Monthly Repertory of English Literature, page 344:
text: Although he is a descriptionist, he is often more effective than Roberts or Lampman.
ref: 1897, Canadian Magazine, volume 8, page 105:
text: He was, on the other hand, the very opposite of a descriptionist in his physics, especially later in his career.
ref: 1994, Dorothy Ross, Modernist Impulses in the Human Sciences, 1870-1930, →ISBN, page 134:
text: “Oh,” said one of my lunch companions, “you’re a descriptionist rather than a prescriptionist.”
ref: 2002, Analog Science Fiction and Fact, volume 122, page 4:
glosses: Synonym of descriptivist.
synonyms: word: descriptivist
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: One who subscribes to descriptionism.
Derived terms: descriptionistic
Related terms: descriptionism
descriptionist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From description + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: In effect, they say "a plague on both your houses" to the two sides in the prescriptionist-descriptionist debate.
ref: 2013, William D. Nordhaus, Economics and Policy Issues in Climate Change, page 97:
glosses: Descriptivist.
examples: text: The problem with the descriptionist account of date-times is that it gives the wrong truth conditions to sentences like that in CAESAR.
ref: 2015 January 8, Leo Carton Mollica, “Explanation and nowness: an objection to the A-Theory”, in Philosophical Studies, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Regarding utterances as primarily descriptive rather than as rigidly specifying a particular thing or kind of thing.
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to descriptionism (theory of truth).
Related terms: descriptionism
dialetheist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dialetheists
Etymology: From dialetheism + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Of course, dialetheists, who hold that some sentences are true with true negations, also provide a response that purports to resolve the paradoxes […]
ref: 2014, Shahid Rahman, Tero Tulenheimo, Emmanuel Genot, Unity, Truth and the Liar: The Modern Relevance of Medieval Solutions to the […] , […] :
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: A person who believes in or advocates dialetheism, the logical or metaphysical theory that two contradictory propositions can both be true.
Related terms: dialetheism
dialetheists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dialetheist
Orff-Schulwerk
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Named after composer Carl Orff, who developed the system.
Senses: glosses: A way to teach music to children using improvisation, speech, movement and rhythm, centered on the idea that "feeling precedes understanding".
unindividuated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + individuate + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: There are too many gratuitous and insulting characters, like Mary Fisher's employee, a stereotyped Latino stud, and the old people in a nursing home who are presented as unindividuated and naively happy.
ref: 1989 December 24, Elizabeth Pincus, “Screwball Glitz And Revolt Against Misogyny”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 24, page 16:
text: Thus, the first argument gives us no reason to think worlds unindividuated by times.
ref: 2015 January 8, Leo Carton Mollica, “Explanation and nowness: an objection to the A-Theory”, in Philosophical Studies, →DOI:
glosses: Not individuated; lacking individuation.
temporalism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: temporalisms
Etymology: From temporal + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: As stated, this argument assumes a form of propositional temporalism: it assumes that the proposition expressed by my sentence for A-THEORY* has different truth values relative to different times.
ref: 2015 January 8, Leo Carton Mollica, “Explanation and nowness: an objection to the A-Theory”, in Philosophical Studies, →DOI:
topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The position that the truth value of a proposition can vary across time.
glosses: The tendency of ecclesiastical authority to interfere in the political power of a nation.
Related terms: temporalist
temporalisms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of temporalism
unseductive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unseductive
form: most unseductive
Etymology: From un- + seductive.
Senses: examples: text: Lying on a sofa, her skin dead-white, eyes shut, and face shielded by a raised arm, she looks exhausted and conspicuously unseductive.
ref: 2015 July 9, Holland Cotter, “Review: Paris Is Reborn in ‘Gustave Caillebotte: The Painter’s Eye’”, in New York Times:
glosses: Not seductive.
fudginess
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From fudgy + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Are we sticking to these principles with our current decisions and statements, or are we descending into a state of near-permanent reaction and fudginess that betrays our core values?
ref: 2015 July 10, Katharine Murphy, “Tony Abbott's pointless whims uncover those who refuse to minister to him”, in The Guardian:
glosses: The quality of being fudgy
overgeneralise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: overgeneralises
form: overgeneralising
form: overgeneralised
form: overgeneralised
Etymology: From over- + generalise.
Senses: examples: text: One possible worry about the main argument of this paper is that it overgeneralises.
ref: 2015 January 8, Leo Carton Mollica, “Explanation and nowness: an objection to the A-Theory”, in Philosophical Studies, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative spelling of overgeneralize.
overgeneralises
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of overgeneralise
overgeneralising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of overgeneralise
overgeneralised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overgeneralise
dhania
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dhaniya
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi धनिया (dhaniyā).
Senses: examples: text: All can find a stall selling something familiar – and maybe something new to try, whether it’s yams or plantain, dhania or jellied eels.
ref: 2015 July 10, “Saving our city centres, one local market at a time”, in The Guardian:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: Coriander.
third stream
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: thirdstream
form: Third Stream
Etymology: Coined by composer Gunther Schuller in 1957.
Senses: examples: text: The movement they brought into existence, "Third Stream", was for the most part an effort by jazz composers and musicians to adopt some of the conventions […]
ref: 2001, Ellen Koskoff, editor, The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: North America, Garland Publishing, page 335:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A form of jazz created in the 1950s, performed in ensembles in a style influenced by Western classical music, such as by using musical notation and eschewing improvisation.
Third Stream
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of third stream.
Jawaiian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Blend of Jamaica + Hawaiian (also referencing Jah).
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A Hawaiian style of popular music that combines native styles with reggae and other Caribbean influences.
virulome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: virulomes
Etymology: From virulence + -ome.
Senses: examples: text: To further assess the virulome, blast score ratio (BSR) analysis was used as previously described to query known virulence genes (S2 Table) and their homologs across all S.
ref: 2015 July 11, “Using Whole Genome Analysis to Examine Recombination across Diverse Sequence Types of Staphylococcus aureus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
glosses: The set of genes that contribute to the virulence of a bacterium.
Derived terms: metavirulome
virulomes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of virulome
verse-chorus
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: (of a song, sound or recording) Structured such that choruses and verses alternate, in a manner characteristic of pop music.
maleducation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From mal- + education.
Senses: examples: text: Far more important than correcting faulty education resulting from the activities of the nonschool educative agencies is preventing, where possible, such maleducation from taking place.
ref: 1955, Nelson Louis Bossing, Principles of Secondary Education, page 212:
text: Education is a continuous process which, unless maintained, soon lapses into the state of maleducation. There are many people who have had the benefit of university education, who are today living specimens of maleducation because they have ceased to educate themselves.
ref: 1969, Report of Proceedings of the Commonwealth Foundation, page 7:
text: Not only is Afrocentrism spawning grotesque maleducation, multiculturalism is exacerbating racial hostilities, undoing earlier racial progress.
ref: 1999, Ultramontane Associates, Culture Wars, volume 19, page 49:
glosses: Education that is faulty or incomplete.
Related terms: education
maleducative
miseducation
genogrouping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of genogroup
genogrouped
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of genogroup
world beat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of worldbeat.
genospecies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: genospecies
Etymology: From geno- + species.
Senses: examples: text: When their respective genotypes permit inter-bacterial genetic transfer and recombination, we may say that they belong to the same genospecies.
ref: 1963 September, Arnold W. Ravin, “Experimental Approaches to the Study of Bacterial Phylogeny”, in The American Naturalist, volume 97, number 89, page 308:
text: The genospecies complex of B. burgdorferi sensu lato has been divided into more than 4 distinct genospecies: B.burgdorferi sensu stricto (most North American isolates), Borrella garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia japonica, and other additional strains which do not fit into any of the specified genospecies.
ref: 1997, Carel J. van Oss, Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Disease:
text: The last two genospecies are etiologic agents of almost all LB cases in Russia, which encompasses the greater part of the range of B.
ref: 2015 July 6, “C6 Peptide-Based Multiplex Phosphorescence Analysis (PHOSPHAN) for Serologic Confirmation of Lyme Borreliosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
taxonomy
glosses: A species (group of organisms that can interbreed) identified and characterised by means of genetics.
Related terms: genospecific
phenospecies
globotriose
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A triose composed of two galactose residues and one glucose residue
Related terms: globotetraose
globotriosyl
isoglobotriose
globotriosyl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From globotriose + -yl.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A univalent radical derived from globotriose
glycobioinformatics
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From glyco- + bioinformatics.
Senses: examples: text: The processed spectra were annotated using a glycobioinformatics tool, GlycoWorkBench [42 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “The Cytotoxicity of Elderberry Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Is Not Solely Determined by Their Protein Translation Inhibition Activity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: The application of bioinformatics to carbohydrates and related compounds
glycolmethacrylate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From glycol + methacrylate.
Senses: examples: text: The glands were sectioned and processed for paraffin (Histosec Pastilles, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) or glycolmethacrylate embedding (Technovit 7100, Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Changes in Estrogen Receptor ERβ (ESR2) Expression without Changes in the Estradiol Levels in the Prostate of Aging Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: The ester (or polymer thereof) of glycol and methacrylic acid
homeolog
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: homeologs
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of homeologue.
homeologs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Most unigenes in the set are likely to be transcribed from separate genomic loci, however some also represent divergent alleles or homeologs at the same genomic locus.
ref: 2015 July 6, “De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Identification of Gene Candidates for Rapid Evolution of Soil Al Tolerance in Anthoxanthum odoratum at the Long-Term Park Grass Experiment”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of homeolog
hydromineral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From hydro- + mineral.
Senses: examples: text: This system mainly regulates the blood pressure and maintains hydromineral homeostasis.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Local Augmented Angiotensinogen Secreted from Apoptotic Vascular Endothelial Cells Is a Vital Mediator of Vascular Remodelling”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: Relating to the balance of water and minerals (electrolytes) in the body
hydromineral
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hydrominerals
Etymology: From hydro- + mineral.
Senses: glosses: A dissolved mineral, typically as a dietary supplement
hyperfunctioning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From hyper- + functioning.
Senses: examples: text: Increased local activities of the MCC were correlated with enhanced FC between the MCC and the DMN nodes in the current study, implying that local abnormalities and hyperfunctioning of the MCC might have led to network level abnormalities in the limbic-cortical circuits.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Altered Resting-State Brain Activity and Connectivity in Depressed Parkinson’s Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Excessive functioning
hyperplasic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more hyperplasic
form: most hyperplasic
Etymology: From hyperplasia + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: For this experiment, 20 epithelial cell nuclei per area of atrophic, hyperplasic or PIN epithelium, as well as the adjacent normal epithelium, totaling approximately 480 nuclei for each animal, were traced, and the cell area was measured.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Changes in Estrogen Receptor ERβ (ESR2) Expression without Changes in the Estradiol Levels in the Prostate of Aging Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to hyperplasia
ichthyoplanktology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From ichthyo- + planktology.
Senses: examples: text: It comes as no surprise that all 58 larvae provided by the IEO and OCEANA-Marviva project were correctly identified, since their staff are leading experts in the field of ichthyoplanktology.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Molecular Identification of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ( Thunnus thynnus, Scombridae) Larvae and Development of a DNA Character-Based Identification Key for Mediterranean Scombrids”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: The study of the free-floating larvae of fish
Derived terms: ichthyoplanktologist
ichthyoplanktological
ichthyoplanktological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From ichthyo- + planktological.
Senses: glosses: Relating to ichthyoplanktology
circlejerks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of circlejerk
circlejerks
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of circlejerk
immunoadsorbed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From immuno- + adsorbed.
Senses: examples: text: Immunoprecipitation was performed by incubating protein lysates (1 mg) with 2 μg of specific antibodies (α-ALK or α-ALK Y1604 ) at 4°C overnight, and the resulting immunocomplexes with 30 μl of Protein G-Sepharose beads for 2 h at 4°C. The immunoadsorbed pellets were washed 4 times with 1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer and heated at 95°C in Laemmli buffer.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Understanding the Interplay between Expression, Mutation and Activity of ALK Receptor in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells for Clinical Application of Small-Molecule Inhibitors”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Modified by immunoadsorption
immunoadsorption
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunoadsorptions
Etymology: From immuno- + adsorption.
Senses: topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: A method of blood purification used to eliminate pathogenic antibodies
Derived terms: preimmunoadsorption
periimplantitis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: This encourages the clinical use of aPDT with VIS + wIRA for the treatment of periimplantitis and periodontitis.
ref: 2015 July 11, “Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (VIS + wIRA) Alters In Situ Oral Biofilms”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Alternative form of peri-implantitis.
immunoserum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunosera
Etymology: From immuno- + serum.
Senses: topics: immunology
medicine
sciences
glosses: A serum produced during immunoserology
immunosera
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: To discount the possibility that immunosera from VLP-immunized mice bound to a domain of AMA1 outside of the 4G2 epitope, we assessed that ability of 4G2 to block serum binding to AMA1.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Identification of an Immunogenic Mimic of a Conserved Epitope on the Plasmodium falciparum Blood Stage Antigen AMA1 Using Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Peptide Display”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of immunoserum
peri-implantitis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From peri- + implant + -itis, by analogy with periodontitis.
Senses: topics: dentistry
medicine
sciences
glosses: A destructive inflammatory process similar to periodontitis, affecting the tissues around a dental implant.
inappetance
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: In general, inappetance responded to feeding regular chow for a few days before restarting the high fat/high NaCL diet.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Oxidized LDL and Fructosamine Associated with Severity of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Insulin Resistant Pigs Fed a High Fat/High NaCl Diet”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of inappetence.
cariological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From cariology + -ical.
Senses: examples: text: Moreover, there are no comprehensive data available on the effects of objective demographic factors, such as age and gender and of objective clinical factors determined by the dental surgeon, such as cariological and periodontal conditions influencing patients’ perception on OHRQoL.
ref: 2015 July 10, Ágnes Jenei et al., “Oral health-related quality of life after prosthetic rehabilitation: a longitudinal study with the OHIP questionnaire”, in Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, volume 13, →DOI:
glosses: Of or related to cariology, the scientific study of dental caries.
infit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: infits
Senses: examples: text: The infit of all questions ranged between 0.7 and 1.3.
ref: 2015 July 6, “PARADISE 24: A Measure to Assess the Impact of Brain Disorders on People’s Lives”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
glosses: An inlier-sensitive or information-weighted fit
Related terms: outfit
infomax
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From info + max.
Senses: examples: text: After filtering, an independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to the epoched data, using the extended infomax ICA algorithm [41 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Stronger Neural Modulation by Visual Motion Intensity in Autism Spectrum Disorders”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A particular optimization method, prescribing that a function that maps a set of inputs to a set of outputs should maximize the average mutual information between the two sets, subject to constraints.
flat peach
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: flat peaches
Senses: examples: text: Flat peach of China—Cultivated more for the singularity of its form than for anything else. It is, however, well adapted for forcing in pots.
ref: 1855, Charles McIntosh, The Book of the Garden, volume 2, William Blackwood and Sons, page 508:
glosses: A subspecies or variety of peach Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa, with white flesh and a flattish, round shape.
Synonyms: belly-up peach
Chinese peach
custard peach
donut peach
doughnut peach
hat peach
Jupiter peach
pan tao peach
paraguayo peach
pita peach
Saturn peach
saucer peach
sweetcap peach
UFO peach
caulescence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Late Latin caulescentia.
Senses: examples: text: Meanwhile, their caulescence distribution falls above both axons and dendrites, similar to maximum branch order.
ref: 2015 July 10, Todd A Gillette, Giorgio A Ascoli, “Topological characterization of neuronal arbor morphology via sequence representation: I - motif analysis”, in BMC Bioinformatics, volume 16, →DOI:
topics: biology
botany
medicine
natural-sciences
neurology
neuroscience
sciences
glosses: The degree to which something, such as a plant or neuron, has a well-formed main stem.
Related terms: caulescent
inotropy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inotropies
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon; strength, force”) + -tropy (“affecting, changing”).
Senses: examples: text: In the present study, we describe moderate protection of EHTs against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced stunning by NO and BNP. Both treatments induced apparent cardioprotection that was detected as a maintained contractile activity and inotropy.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Protection by the NO-Donor SNAP and BNP against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation in Rat Engineered Heart Tissue”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: the force of muscle contraction
Related terms: inotrope
inotropic
bean-caper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bean-capers
Etymology: The flower buds are used as capers.
Senses: glosses: Any perennial herb of genus Zygophyllum
glosses: Any perennial herb of genus Zygophyllum
especially Zygophyllum fabago (Syrian bean-caper), native to Asia and Eastern Europe, introduced and invasive in arid regions elsewhere.
intraassay
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From intra- + assay.
Senses: examples: text: The intraassay variability was 4% and the interassay variability was 6%.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Oxidized LDL and Fructosamine Associated with Severity of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Insulin Resistant Pigs Fed a High Fat/High NaCl Diet”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Within an assay
Related terms: interassay
bean-capers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of bean-caper
intrabody
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From intra- + body.
Senses: examples: text: 2006, Rebecca Grinter, et al. (editors), CHI 2006: Interact, Inform, Inspire: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings, Volume 1, Association for Computing Machinery, page 677,
An intuitive context aware service between two devices is possible using touch with the intrabody communication.
text: In the measurements of the transmission characteristics of the intrabody communication system RF transformers with terminals that are not symmetric to the ground are often used for galvanic decoupling and referred to as balun transformers.
ref: 2015, Željka Lučev Vasić, Igor Krois, Silvio Hrabar, Mario Cifrek, “On the Transformer Effects in the Measurements of Capacitative Intrabody Transmission Characteristics Using Grounded Instruments”, in Igor Lacković, Darko Vasić, editors, IFMBE Proceedings, Volume 45: 6th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering, MBEC 2014, Springer, page 263:
text: 2023, Isao Nakanishi, Tomoaki Oku, Souta Okasaka, Person Verification Based on Multipoint Measurement of Intrabody Propagation Signals, Abbas Moallem (editor), HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust: 5th International Conference, HCI-CPT 2023, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS 14045, page 686,
The intrabody propagation signal is obtained by using intrabody communication technology [5,6], which utilizes the human body as a transmission path.
glosses: That exists, operates or occurs within a body (especially the human body).
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: That exists, operates or occurs within the vertebral body.
intrabody
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: intrabodies
Etymology: Blend of intracellular + antibody, probably influenced by the above.
Senses: examples: 1998, Discover, Volume 19, Time Inc., page 36,
The T cells could now produce their own anti-Tat intrabody.
2006, HIV Molecular Immunology, Volume 2, Los Alamos National Laboratory (Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group T-10), page 902,
Single chain antibodies, intrabodies, were engineered that can be stably expressed in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells […] .
2009, Laurence Guglielmi, Pierre Martineau, Intrabody Expression in Eukaryotic Cells, Robert Aitken (editor), Antibody Phage Display, Springer (Humana Press), page 196,
Even when aggregated, some intrabodies may retain the capacity to sequester the target antigen, preventing it from reaching its intended cellular location and thereby inhibiting its function (2–3).
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: An antibody that exists inside and operates within a cell.
intrabodies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Previous studies have focused on reductions in mutant protein as a therapeutic approach, such as intrabodies and artificial polypeptides, which target the polyQ domain [24 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Structural Insights Reveal the Dynamics of the Repeating r(CAG) Transcript Found in Huntington’s Disease (HD) and Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: plural of intrabody
intrabronchial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From intra- + bronchial.
Senses: examples: text: Other nonhuman primate (macaque) models utilizing MPXV, such as aerosol, intrabronchial, and intratracheal inoculation models, capture the essence of a natural infection, but still require a high dose of virus and sacrifice lesional burden for route of administration [15 –18 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Susceptibility of Marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) to Monkeypox Virus: A Low Dose Prospective Model for Monkeypox and Smallpox Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Within a bronchus
Derived terms: intrabronchially
irridiating
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: GNPs, MB, TB, GNP-MB, GNP-TB and GNP-MB+GNP-TB for 30 min followed by irridiating light of respective wavelengths for 20 min (the concentrations of various formulations were same as stated for mature biofilms).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Gold Nanoparticle-Photosensitizer Conjugate Based Photodynamic Inactivation of Biofilm Producing Cells: Potential for Treatment of C . albicans Infection in BALB/c Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Misspelling of irradiating.
hypoandrogenism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hypoandrogenisms
Etymology: From hypo- + androgen + -ism.
Senses: examples: text: Thus, hypoandrogenisms, even though slight, probably cause an alteration of the epididymal function, even though no corresponding alteration is observable in the functioning of other glands.
ref: 1986, Emil Steinberger, G. Frajese, Anna Steinberger, Reproductive Medicine, page 135:
text: For example, if non-obese PCOS patients despite seemingly normal androgen levels, indeed, suffer from relative hypoandrogenism, […] androgen supplementation may help in improving oocyte/embryo quality and fertility treatment outcomes.
ref: 2015 July 9, Vitaly A. Kushnir et al., “Relative importance of AMH and androgens changes with aging among non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome”, in Journal of Ovarian Research, volume 8, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: An abnormally low level of androgens.
hypoandrogenisms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hypoandrogenism
isoimmunization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: isoimmunizations
Etymology: From iso- + immunization or iso- + immune + -ization or isoimmune + -ization.
Senses: examples: text: Study showed that severe hemolytic anemia after childbirth was due to isoimmunization caused by an irregular antibody.
ref: 2015 July 6, “Revisiting the Diego Blood Group System in Amerindians: Evidence for Gene-Culture Comigration”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: The development of antibodies in response to an isoantigen
Synonyms: alloimmunization
isotyping
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Antibody subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 were quantified using total antibody isotyping kits (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc; Hercules, Ca, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and the levels were determined by MFI plate readout on the Bio-Plex 200 multiplex system).
ref: 2015 July 6, “Randomized Cross-Sectional Study to Compare HIV-1 Specific Antibody and Cytokine Concentrations in Female Genital Secretions Obtained by Menstrual Cup and Cervicovaginal Lavage”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: The production and characterization of isotypes
Derived terms: subisotyping
lactococcal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: Lactococcus + -al
Senses: examples: text: In addition, several studies have focused on characterizing the structure and function of lactococcal phage baseplates, as these tail-tip structures possess the receptor-binding proteins that determine the specific recognition of and initial interactions with their particular host(s) [15 –25 ].
ref: 2015 July 6, “Structure and Assembly of TP901-1 Virion Unveiled by Mutagenesis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to bacteria of the genus Lactococcus.