cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
resuscitate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈsʌsɪˌteɪt/
Forms: form: resuscitates
form: resuscitating
form: resuscitated
form: resuscitated
Etymology: From Latin resuscitātus, past participle of resuscitō (“to raise up again, revive”), from re- (“again”) + suscitō (“to raise up”), from sub- (“up, under”) + citō (“to summon, rouse”).
Senses: examples: text: to resuscitate a drowned person
text: to resuscitate withered plants
text: Nor can I truly say that I wearied of this beneficent and innocent life; I think instead that I daily enjoyed it more completely; but I was still cursed with my duality of purpose; and as the first edge of my penitence wore off, the lower side of me, so long indulged, so recently chained down, began to growl for licence. Not that I dreamed of resuscitating Hyde; the bare idea of that would startle me to frenzy: no, it was in my own person that I was once more tempted to trifle with my conscience; and it was as an ordinary secret sinner that I at last fell before the assaults of temptation.
ref: 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 10, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde:
text: An old medical record relates that by means of musk the genital power of a man in his eightieth year was resuscitated.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 160:
text: Rishi Sunak, Britain’s prime minister, has a plan for the new year. In a speech in early January, he set out an agenda to resuscitate the country and save the Conservative Party, now in free fall.
ref: 2023 January 30, Moya Lothian-McLean, “It’s Not Going Well for Britain’s New Prime Minister”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: To restore consciousness, vigor, or life to.
synonyms: come to
glosses: To regain consciousness.
Related terms: nonresuscitable
nonresuscitation
nonresuscitative
resuscitable
resuscitation
resuscitative
unresuscitable
unresuscitated
unresuscitating
unresuscitative
resuscitate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈsʌsɪˌteɪt/
Etymology: From Latin resuscitātus, past participle of resuscitō (“to raise up again, revive”), from re- (“again”) + suscitō (“to raise up”), from sub- (“up, under”) + citō (“to summon, rouse”).
Senses: examples: text: [O]nce return'd / Unto her body new reſuſcitate / From ſleep, remembring well how erſt ſhe mourn'd, / Marvels how all ſo ſoon to peace and eaſe is turn'd.
ref: 1642, H[enry] M[ore], “ΑΝΤΙΨΥΧΟΠΑΝΝΥΧΙΑ [Antipsychopannychia], or A Confutation of the Sleep of the Soul after Death”, in ΨΥΧΩΔΙΑ [Psychōdia] Platonica: Or A Platonicall Song of the Soul, […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel, printer to the Universitie, →OCLC, canto 2, stanza 21, page 16:
glosses: Restored to life.
regain
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈɡeɪn/
rhymes: -eɪn
ipa: /ˈɹiːɡeɪn/
Forms: form: regains
form: regaining
form: regained
form: regained
Etymology: From Middle French regaigner (French regagner). By surface analysis, re- + gain.
Senses: examples: text: DUKAT: I blame no one but myself. I was indiscreet. I compromised myself and have been punished accordingly. If someone under my command had behaved so outrageously, I would do the same thing to him. Besides, I assure you, this is only a temporary setback. Everything I have lost, I will regain. It's only a matter of time.
ref: 1996, “Return to Grace”, in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, season 4, episode 14 (Science Fiction), →OCLC:
text: Sarkozy's total will be seen as a personal failure. It is the first time an outgoing president has failed to win a first-round vote in the past 50 years and makes it harder for Sarkozy to regain momentum.
ref: 2012 April 23, Angelique Chrisafis, “François Hollande on top but far right scores record result in French election”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: word: resume
glosses: To get back; to recover possession of.
Derived terms: regain one's senses
regain
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹiːˈɡeɪn/
rhymes: -eɪn
ipa: /ˈɹiːɡeɪn/
Forms: form: regains
Etymology: From Middle French regaigner (French regagner). By surface analysis, re- + gain.
Senses: examples: text: Patients who plateau after weight loss are more likely to blame the regain on something that they are responsible for – the wrong course of action they took or a specic oversight that they kept repeating–rather than who they are.
ref: 2019, Sameera Khan, Regain Be Gone:
text: By beginning deeper, this allows the opposition to start and build much higher, naturally luring them away from their own goal. As long as the actions after a regain are then quick, forward, and performed with quality, counter-attacks can prove a particularly useful attacking strategy to win football matches.
ref: 2021, Sam Hudson, Football in a Pandemic:
text: The samples with SAPs showed a regain in strength when stored in an RH of more than 90%.
ref: 2021, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Arn Mignon, Superabsorbent Polymers, page 155:
text: Negative collective memories are effective, as much as positive memories, in choosing a regain for lost heritage building associated with them.
ref: 2022, Antonella Versaci, Hocine Bougdah, Natsuko Akagawa, Conservation of Architectural Heritage, page 375:
glosses: The act or process of regaining something.
examples: text: The number of ends per inch may vary to some slight extent at different places in the width of the cloth and in different pieces woven to the same particulars , but if the regain is correctly estimated , the calculated reed to be used will be the same, unless a special reed has been used in weaving the cloth.
ref: 1912, National Association of Cotton Manufacturers, Transactions of the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers, page 105:
text: In particular, at high humidities the regain of wool is lower.
ref: 2008, J. W. S. Hearle, W E Morton, Physical Properties of Textile Fibres, page 190:
text: Because of the fiber price per pound, and the size of the lots, the regain must be determined accurately.
ref: 2017, Sabit Adanur, Wellington Sears Handbook of Industrial Textiles, page 590:
topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
glosses: The amount of width a woven cloth grows by when the fibers swell, used to determine the width of the reed to use in weaving.
Aufklärung
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: enpr: oufʹklârʀo͝ong
ipa: /ˈaʊfklɛəɹʊŋ/
Forms: form: the Aufklärung
Etymology: Borrowed from German Aufklärung (“enlightenment; Enlightenment”).
Senses: topics: history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: The Enlightenment.
Aufklärung
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: oufʹklârʀo͝ong
ipa: /ˈaʊfklɛəɹʊŋ/
Forms: form: Aufklärungen
Etymology: Borrowed from German Aufklärung (“enlightenment; Enlightenment”).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
philosophy
sciences
glosses: An enlightenment.
glosses: Illuminism; the aims, manner, spirit, etc. of the Aufklärer.
Related terms: Aufklärer
Age of Enlightenment
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: the Age of Enlightenment
Senses: topics: history
human-sciences
sciences
synonyms: Age of Reason
glosses: A period of European intellectual history during which the Enlightenment, an intellectual movement emphasizing the importance of logic and reason, flourished, from part of the 17th century through much of the 18th century.
klar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: klar
Senses: glosses: In Karen animism, one of the thirty-seven spirits that are said to embody every individual.
Rassenschande
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from German Rassenschande (literally “race shame”).
Senses: examples: text: In fact, some historians’ mistaken belief about the unwavering German implementation of both Rassenschande and their genocidal policy has caused them to turn a blind eye to numerous sources, German and Jewish, that testify to the realities of Jewish women’s experiences during the war.
ref: 2010, Helene J. Sinnreich, “The Rape of Jewish Women during the Holocaust”, in Sexual Violence against Jewish Women during the Holocaust, Hanover and London: University Press of New England, page 116:
glosses: miscegenation: sexual relations between people of “Aryan” race and “inferior” races, particularly Jews.
Holy Roman Empire
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhəʊli ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/
ipa: /ˈhoʊli ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/
Forms: form: the Holy Roman Empire
form: HRE
Senses: glosses: A former polity and medieval empire forming a loose conglomeration of largely independent mostly Germanic entities in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806.
Synonyms: First Reich
Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
unrealistic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unrealistic
form: most unrealistic
Etymology: From un- + realistic.
Senses: examples: text: How much of our thinking is based on unrealistic planted scripts of drama, romance and violence?
ref: 2008 August 13, Charles Hugh Smith, “When Societies Watch Too Much Television”, in Of Two Minds:
text: It meant all through journeys required at least two changes of train, making commuting to London unrealistic. Passengers on all affected routes were urged not to travel.
ref: 2023 January 25, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Landslip wrecks London commuter services for 'weeks'”, in RAIL, number 975, page 8:
glosses: Not realistic.
Derived terms: unrealistically
Related terms: utopian
waterline
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɔːtə(ɹ)laɪn/
Forms: form: waterlines
Etymology: From water + line.
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A line formed by the surface of the water on the hull of a ship when she is afloat; any of a series of short lines marked on the hull to show where the waterline would be under different loadings
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A horizontal line indicating the shape of an airfoil.
examples: text: Down here along the waterline, the Enterprise has a belt of thick antitorpedo armor. It's not too promising.
ref: 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 391:
glosses: A line showing where the water has been, usually a line separating dry land and wet areas; a watermark or tidemark.
topics: cosmetics
lifestyle
glosses: The inner rim of the eyelid, just behind the lash line; primarily used in reference to the application of eyeliner.
Coordinate terms: topics: aviation
aeronautics
aerospace
engineering
business
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: section
topics: aviation
aeronautics
aerospace
engineering
business
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: buttock line
topics: nautical
transport
word: Plimsoll line
topics: nautical
transport
word: load line
Derived terms: light waterline
Related terms: Plimsoll line
squall
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈskwɔːl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: squalls
form: squalling
form: squalled
form: squalled
Etymology: From Middle English *squalen and squelen (“to cry, scream, squall”), from Old Norse skvala (“to cry out”), probably ultimately imitative with influence from squeal and bawl.
Cognate with Swedish skvala (“to gush, pour down”), Norwegian skval (“sudden rush of water”). The noun is probably from the verb.
Senses: examples: text: Squalling was the word for it, Pew's anger rose so high at these objections; till at last, his passion completely taking the upper hand, he struck at them right and left in his blindness, and his stick sounded heavily on more than one.
ref: 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
text: Squalling like an infuriated cat, the shadow crashed down
ref: 1916, Jack London, The Red One:
text: The orchestra burst into a sudden loud squalling.
ref: 1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC:
text: Some night-bird, belike, or a sea-gull squalling below the headland.
ref: 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 39:
text: she wrapped the squalling, wriggling baby tightly into the fine cotton sheet
ref: 1998, Anne McCafferey, Masterharper of Pern:
glosses: To cry or wail loudly.
examples: text: […] rain squalled fretfully against the schoolhouse roof. Although it had stopped by the time the afternoon recess was due, Miss Willie decided that it was too cold and raw for the children to be out a full half hour, so she sent them[…]
ref: 1994 September 1, Janice Holt Giles, Miss Willie, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, page 165:
text: […] of squalling rain and a blustering westerly wind.
ref: 2009 March 1, Helen Hollick, Kingmaking: Book One of the Pendragon's Banner Trilogy, Sourcebooks, Inc., →ISBN, page 5:
text: Rain squalled sudden against the window. The Old Writer cursed and shouldered out the door.
ref: 2012 July 31, A. William James, Book Thirteen, eBook Partnership, →ISBN:
text: Rain squalled in heavy sheets across the street.
ref: 2015 10, Cindy Williams, The Pounamu Prophecy, Rhiza Press, →ISBN:
text: […] the sky opened up into a cloud-burst of squalling rain.
ref: 2018 May 30, Allan W. Waddy, Buckshot & Johnnycakes, FriesenPress, →ISBN, page 18:
glosses: To fall suddenly and forcefully, as if a squall.
raw_tags: of rain
Derived terms: squaller
squally
squall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈskwɔːl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: squalls
Etymology: From Middle English *squalen and squelen (“to cry, scream, squall”), from Old Norse skvala (“to cry out”), probably ultimately imitative with influence from squeal and bawl.
Cognate with Swedish skvala (“to gush, pour down”), Norwegian skval (“sudden rush of water”). The noun is probably from the verb.
Senses: examples: text: Luckily she wasn’t there any more, no one was, when he returned from the Caribbean carnival damp-hatted and soaked through after being caught unprepared by a squall of hard, hot rain.
ref: 2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 5:
text: With reports of the Japanese forces bearing down on them confirmed, Rear Admiral Sprague orders his ships east, heading towards a series of rain squalls, hoping for concealment. This will hopefully delay the Japanese closing the range, and also draw them away from the much-more-vulnerable landing ships.
ref: 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 10:57 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?, archived from the original on 03 Nov 2022:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A sudden storm, as found in a squall line.
topics: climatology
meteorology
natural-sciences
glosses: A squall line, multicell line, or part of a squall line.
examples: text: But the third Emir, now seeing himself all alone on the quarter-deck, seems to feel relieved from some curious restraint; for, tipping all sorts of knowing winks in all sorts of directions, and kicking off his shoes, he strikes into a sharp but noiseless squall of a hornpipe right over the Grand Turk’s head; and then, by a dexterous sleight, pitching his cap up into the mizentop for a shelf, he goes down rollicking so far at least as he remains visible from the deck, reversing all other processions, by bringing up the rear with music.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 34, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 163:
text: The media present rising prices as a passing squall for the middle class, brought on by Vlad ’n’ Liz and resulting in spiking mortgage rates and fewer trips to Waitrose. But beneath those headlines are millions of others for whom the problem isn’t rising prices, but falling incomes.
ref: 2023 August 17, Aditya Chakrabortty, “Can’t pay and they really do take it away: what happens when the bailiffs come knocking”, in The Guardian:
glosses: A loud cry or wail.
Derived terms: black squall
rainsquall
snow squall
white squall
discontinue
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪskənˈtɪnju/
Forms: form: discontinues
form: discontinuing
form: discontinued
form: discontinued
Etymology: From Old French descontinuer, equivalent to dis- + continue.
Senses: examples: text: They plan to discontinue that design.
text: I have discontinued school
 Above a twelvemonth.
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
text: Taught the Greek tongue, discontinued before in these parts the space of seven hundred years.
ref: 1603, Samuel Daniel, A Defence of Rime:
text: They modify and discriminate the voice, without appearing to discontinue it.
ref: 1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech:
text: Passenger traffic was subsequently discontinued, and early in the recent war a considerable amount of the permanent way at the Treforest end of the railway was taken up.
ref: 1946 January and February, “Notes and News: Demolition of Rhydyfelin Viaduct”, in Railway Magazine, page 52:
text: Exactly 50 years ago, the U.S. Federal Reserve, which had previously issued bills with values as high as $10,000, made it all about the Benjamins. Every bill more valuable than $100 was officially discontinued. (They’d stopped being printed decades earlier, but many had kept circulating.)
ref: 2019 July 3, Mike D'Angelo, “Oscar Isaac and Ben Affleck blunder through a heavy heist in J.C. Chandor’s Triple Frontier”, in AV Club, archived from the original on 21 Nov 2019:
text: Beeching concludes, rather brutally, that "a high proportion of stopping passenger train services ought to be discontinued as soon as possible... and as soon as procedure permits".
ref: 2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 47:
text: If the penny is discontinued, it will join the ranks of other obsolete American coins, including the trime, a 3-cent coin discontinued in 1873, and the gold dollar coin, which was discontinued in 1889; that differed from the dollar coin currently in circulation.
ref: 2025 February 11, Jiachuan Wu and Ash Reynolds, “As Trump aims to ax the penny, these are the coins that cost more than they're worth”, in NBC News:
glosses: To interrupt the continuance of; to put an end to, especially as regards commercial productions; to stop producing, making, or supplying.
examples: text: AZT, the only AIDS treatment fully approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is extremely toxic, and many people with AIDS cannot cake it or must discontinue taking it after some period of time.
ref: 1989 April 8, Judy Harris, “Fenway to Administer Peptide T”, in Gay Community News, page 3:
glosses: To consciously cease the ingestion or administration of (a pharmaceutical drug).
Synonyms: break off
terminate
intermit
Derived terms: discontinuable
discontinuee
Related terms: discontinuation
deprecate
welfare
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛlˌfɛə/
ipa: /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/
Forms: form: welfares
Etymology: From Middle English welefare, probably from the Old English phrase wel faran (“to fare well, get along successfully, prosper”) (cognate with Middle Dutch welvare (“welfare”), Middle Low German wolvare (“welfare”), Middle High German wolvar, wolfar (“welfare”)). Equivalent to well + fare. Compare also West Frisian wolfeart, Dutch welvaart, German Wohlfahrt, Old Norse velferð (whence Swedish välfärd (“welfare”)). The first recorded use in the sense of "social concern for the well-being of children, the unemployed, etc." is from 1904 and in the sense of "organized effort to provide for maintenance of members of a group" from 1918.
Senses: examples: text: Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally visited dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIX, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: Health, safety, happiness and prosperity; well-being in any respect.
synonyms: word: welfare assistance
word: income support
word: public assistance
word: social security
glosses: Shortened form of "welfare spending", "welfare payments", or "welfare assistance".
Derived terms: animal welfare
antiwelfare
corporate welfare
corporate welfare bum
postwelfare
prewelfare
social welfare
wealthfare
welfare bum
welfare Cadillac
welfare capitalism
welfare check
welfare economics
welfare hotel
welfare magnet
welfare mother
welfare parasite
welfare princess
welfare queen
welfare rat
welfare state
welfare-to-work
welfare trap
welfarite
welfare
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɛlˌfɛə/
ipa: /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/
Forms: form: welfares
form: welfaring
form: welfared
form: welfared
Etymology: From Middle English welefare, probably from the Old English phrase wel faran (“to fare well, get along successfully, prosper”) (cognate with Middle Dutch welvare (“welfare”), Middle Low German wolvare (“welfare”), Middle High German wolvar, wolfar (“welfare”)). Equivalent to well + fare. Compare also West Frisian wolfeart, Dutch welvaart, German Wohlfahrt, Old Norse velferð (whence Swedish välfärd (“welfare”)). The first recorded use in the sense of "social concern for the well-being of children, the unemployed, etc." is from 1904 and in the sense of "organized effort to provide for maintenance of members of a group" from 1918.
Senses: examples: welfaring the poor
glosses: To provide with welfare or aid.
Related terms: evilfare
hellfare
illfare
woefare
wofare
workfare
plump
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /plʌmp/
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: plumper
form: more plump
form: plumpest
form: most plump
Etymology: From Middle English plump, plompe, a borrowing from Middle Dutch plomp or Middle Low German plump. Cognate with Saterland Frisian plump (“plump”).
Senses: examples: text: a plump baby; plump cheeks
text: The god of wine did his plump clusters bring.
ref: 1651, Thomas Carew, To my friend G. N. from Wrest:
text: My ideal is to be idle and to love a plump girl.
ref: 2015, Anton Chekhov, The Life and Genius of Anton Chekhov: Letters, Diary, Reminiscences and Biography: Assorted Collection of Autobiographical Writings of the Renowned Russian Author and Playwright of Uncle Vanya, The Cherry Orchard, The Three Sisters and The Seagull, e-artnow, →ISBN:
text: He was a plump little man and we had been walking uphill at a pace—set by him—far too rapid for his short legs. He breathed stertorously, and half the drops which glimmered on his rotund face were not rain but sweat.
ref: 1956, Delano Ames, chapter 23, in Crime out of Mind:
glosses: Having a full and rounded shape; chubby, somewhat overweight.
glosses: Fat.
examples: text: After the plump statement that the author was at Erceldoune and spake with Thomas.
ref: 1898, George Saintsbury, “XXXVII The Dullards That Men Are”, in A Short History of English Literature:
text: I've said so haven't I? Plump and plain.
ref: 1925, Stanley John Weyman, Queen's Folly:
glosses: Sudden and without reservation; blunt; direct; downright.
Derived terms: overplump
plumpage
plumpie
plumping
plumpish
plumpitude
plumpkin
plumply
plumpness
plumptious
plumptitude
plumpy
unplump
plump
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /plʌmp/
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: plumps
form: plumping
form: plumped
form: plumped
Etymology: From Middle English plump, plompe, a borrowing from Middle Dutch plomp or Middle Low German plump. Cognate with Saterland Frisian plump (“plump”).
Senses: examples: text: Her cheeks have plumped.
glosses: To grow plump; to swell out.
examples: text: to plump oysters or scallops by placing them in fresh or brackish water
text: to plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles
ref: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):
text: Although Miss Pross, through her long association with a French family, might have known as much of their language as of her own, if she had had a mind, she had no mind in that direction […] So her manner of marketing was to plump a noun-substantive at the head of a shopkeeper without any introduction in the nature of an article […]
ref: 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To make plump; to fill (out) or support; often with up.
glosses: To give a plumper (kind of vote).
glosses: To give (a vote), as a plumper.
examples: text: A recent poll by the New York Times found that although most Brazilians plump for arch-rival Argentina as the team they most want to lose, the second-biggest group want Brazil itself to stumble.
ref: 2014, “Brazil in a nutshell”, in The Economist:
info_templates: expansion: [with for ‘something’]
glosses: To favor or decide in favor of.
Derived terms: plump for
plump up
plump
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /plʌmp/
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: plumps
form: plumping
form: plumped
form: plumped
Etymology: From Middle English plumpen, akin to Middle Dutch plompen, Middle Low German plumpen, German plumpsen.
Senses: examples: text: to plump a stone into water
glosses: To cast or let drop (something) all at once, suddenly and heavily.
examples: September 24, 1712, The Spectator No. 492, letter from a prude
Dulcissa plumps into a chair.
synonyms: slump
glosses: To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once.
Derived terms: plump down
plump
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /plʌmp/
rhymes: -ʌmp
Etymology: From Middle English plumpen, akin to Middle Dutch plompen, Middle Low German plumpen, German plumpsen.
Senses: examples: text: I suppose then, that going plump on a flying whale with your sail set in a foggy squall is the height of a whaleman’s discretion?
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 49, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 253:
glosses: Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly.
plump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /plʌmp/
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: plumps
Etymology: From Middle English plumpen, akin to Middle Dutch plompen, Middle Low German plumpen, German plumpsen.
Senses: examples: text: As she beheld her, poor Mrs. Mack's heart fluttered up to her mouth, and then dropped with a dreadful plump, into the pit of her stomach.
ref: 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:
glosses: The sound of a sudden heavy fall.
Derived terms: thunder-plump
plump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /plʌmp/
rhymes: -ʌmp
Forms: form: plumps
Etymology: From Middle English plump.
Senses: examples: text: a plump of trees, fowls, or spears
text: To visit islands and the plumps of men.
ref: 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:
glosses: A knot or cluster; a group; a crowd.
glosses: A group of geese flying close together.
unerotic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more unerotic
form: most unerotic
Etymology: From un- + erotic.
Senses: glosses: Not erotic; not sexually arousing.
anymore
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛn.iˈmɔː/
ipa: /ˌɛn.iˈmoɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /ˌɛn.iˈmo(ː)ɹ/
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /ˌɛn.iˈmoə/
ipa: /ˌæ.niˈmoːɹ/
ipa: /ˌæ.niˈmɔːɹ/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Etymology: From any + more.
Senses: examples: text: He doesn't live here anymore.
glosses: Alternative form of any more.
Derived terms: not anymore
not in Kansas anymore
cleaner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkliː.nə/
ipa: /ˈkli.nɚ/
rhymes: -iːnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: cleaners
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English clener, clenere, equivalent to clean + -er (agent noun suffix).
Senses: examples: text: The cleaner worked, of course, at nights. He had to coal and light up the engine, as well as clean it, for the next day's work, which commenced with a light run to Barnham to "bring in the goods" from that station at about 6.30 a.m.
ref: 1952 February, J. Pelham Maitland, “Locomotive Working on Sussex Branches Fifty Years Ago”, in Railway Magazine, page 84:
glosses: A person whose occupation is to clean things, especially rooms, floors, and windows.
glosses: A device that cleans, such as the vacuum cleaner.
examples: Near-synonym: cleaning fluid
synonyms: cleaning agent
coordinate_terms: soap
detergent
glosses: A substance used for cleaning; especially, one retailed for that purpose and meant for use on things other than one's own body.
examples: text: I'll have to take this shirt to the cleaners.
glosses: A professional laundry or dry cleaner (business).
glosses: A fixer; a person who disposes of bodies and evidence.
Derived terms: air cleaner
all-purpose cleaner
cleaneress
cleaner fish
cleaner shrimp
cleaner-upper
cleaner-upperer
crime scene cleaner
deep cleaner
denture cleaner
drain cleaner
dry cleaner
engine cleaner
glass cleaner
housecleaner
pipe cleaner
service cleaner
streetcleaner
street cleaner
suction cleaner
vacuum cleaner
way-cleaner
window cleaner
Related terms: sense: sense 3
word: cleanser
word: take to the cleaners
cleaner
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkliː.nə/
ipa: /ˈkli.nɚ/
rhymes: -iːnə(ɹ)
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English clener, clenner, clanner, clannere, from Old English clǣnra, clǣnre (“cleaner, purer, clearer”), from Proto-West Germanic *klainiʀō (“daintier, more delicate”), from Proto-Germanic *klainizô (“shinier, finer, more splendid”), equivalent to clean + -er.
Senses: glosses: comparative form of clean: more clean
sclerotise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: sclerotises
form: sclerotising
form: sclerotised
form: sclerotised
form: sclerotize
Etymology: From sclerotic (“hard, solid”, adjective) + -ise.
Senses: glosses: To harden.
petrification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɛtɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: petrifications
Etymology: From French pétrification, from Middle French pétrifier + -ation.
Senses: glosses: Turning to stone: the process of replacement of the organic residues of plants (and animals) with insoluble salts, with the original shape and topography being retained.
examples: text: a Petrification or Mortification of the Mind
ref: 1681, Henry Hallywell, Melampronoea:
glosses: obduracy; callousness.
glosses: Sheer terror; great fright.
Synonyms: petrifaction
Related terms: petrified forest
petrified wood
petrify
crystallization
vitrification
petrifaction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: petrifactions
Senses: glosses: Petrification.
examples: text: An Indian cabinet, consisting of a small but choice collection of petrefactions and fossils, was placed in a recess at the bottom of the room; a few paintings and portraits from the pencil of the most eminent artists adorned the walls.
ref: 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter VII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 75:
glosses: An object that has become petrified.
examples: text: The crisp leaves of holly, mistletoe, and ivy reflected back the light, as if so many little mirrors had been scattered there; and such a mighty blaze went roaring up the chimney, as that dull petrifaction of a hearth had never known in Scrooge's time, or Marley's, or for many and many a winter season gone.
ref: 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Three. The Second of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 77:
glosses: The condition of being petrified.
petrified
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more petrified
form: most petrified
Senses: examples: text: On Yule-eve alone can petrified Giants receive back their life for the space of seven hours, if one of their race embraces them, and is, at the same time, willing to sacrifice a hundred years of their own life.
ref: 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 218:
text: Entering Avebury from any direction is like stepping back into the past. Before the centre of the village is reached, the road passes through an immense circle of brooding stones which stand like petrified ghosts of an age about which little is known.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 40:
glosses: Having undergone the process of petrification (transformation into a stony substance); turned to stone.
glosses: Extremely afraid.
Synonyms: sense: afraid
word: afraid
Derived terms: nonpetrified
petrified carpentry
semipetrified
unpetrified
petrified
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of petrify
detain
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈteɪn/
rhymes: -eɪn
Forms: form: detains
form: detaining
form: detained
form: detained
Etymology: From Old French detenir. Cognate with Italian detenere, Portuguese deter, Romanian deține, and Spanish detener.
Senses: synonyms: keep
glosses: To keep someone from proceeding by holding them back or making claims on their attention.
examples: text: In April of 2009, however, the disease was found to suddenly no longer be appearing in newly-hatched chickens, and, upon review, it was discovered that Dr. Wildcat had modified 6002 without authorization, removing the disease from the genome. She's detained and questioned by Muller, and, even though she tries to lie that she didn't do anything, they have footage of her ascending the tree on her own.
ref: 2021 August 16, “Exploring the SCP Foundation: SCP-6002 - All Creatures Great and Small” (19:06 from the start), in The Exploring Series, archived from the original on 10 Jan 2023:
topics: government
law-enforcement
glosses: To put under custody.
examples: text: Detain not the wages of the hireling.
ref: 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:
glosses: To keep back or from; to withhold.
glosses: To seize goods for official purposes.
Derived terms: detainable
detainee
detainer
detainingly
detainment
detention
redetain
publicity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pʌbˈlɪsɪti/
rhymes: -ɪsɪti
Forms: form: publicities
Etymology: From French publicité, From Medieval Latin pūblicitātem, accusative singular of pūblicitās, from Latin pūblicus (“public, general”). Morphologically public + -ity.
Senses: examples: text: A gay man accused of disorderly conduct for posting publicity for a Boston gay event was found not guilty in Cambridge District Court on July 22.
ref: 1979 August 11, “Man Found Not Guilty”, in Gay Community News, volume 7, number 4, page 2:
glosses: Advertising or other activity designed to rouse public interest in something.
examples: text: Any publicity, runs the axiom, is good publicity.
ref: 1963 February, “Nobody runs this railway, mate”, in Modern Railways, page 73:
glosses: Public interest attracted in this way.
glosses: The condition of being the object of public attention.
examples: text: Amelia's gentle eyes, too, had been fixed anxiously on the pair, whose conduct had so chafed the jealous General; but when Rebecca entered her box, she flew to her friend with an affectionate rapture which showed itself, in spite of the publicity of the place; for she embraced her dearest friend in the presence of the whole house, at least in full view of the General's glass, now brought to bear upon the Osborne party.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
glosses: The quality of being public, not private.
Derived terms: all publicity is good publicity
no such thing as bad publicity
publicity hound
publicity-hound
publicity stunt
right of publicity
there is no such thing as bad publicity
Related terms: public
publicist
publicness
spore
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: spô
ipa: /spɔː(ɹ)/
enpr: spôr
ipa: /spoɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
enpr: spōr
ipa: /spo(ː)ɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /spoə/
homophone: spoor stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: spores
Etymology: From New Latin spora, from Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed”), related to σπόρος (spóros, “sowing”) and σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”). Related to English spread).
Senses: examples: text: Thresher maws are subterranean carnivores that spend their entire lives eating or searching for something to eat. Threshers reproduce via spores that lie dormant for millennia, yet are robust enough to survive prolonged periods in deep space and atmospheric re-entry. As a result, thresher spores appear on many worlds, spread by previous generations of space travelers.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Thresher Maws Codex entry:
glosses: A reproductive particle, usually a single cell, released by a fungus, alga, or plant that may germinate into another.
glosses: A thick resistant particle produced by a bacterium or protist to survive in harsh or unfavorable conditions.
Derived terms: acrospore
aeciospore
amerospore
androspore
aneuspory
anisospore
aplanospore
archeospore
arthrospore
ascospore
asexual spore
autospore
auxospore
ballistospore
basidiospore
bispore
blastospore
cheirospore
chlamydospore
cystospore
dictyospore
didymospore
dinospore
endospore
epispore
exospore
exosporium
forespore
gymnospore
gynandrosporous
helicospore
heterosporous
homospore
homosporous
idioandrosporous
isospore
macrospore
megaspore
meiospore
mesospore
microspore
milky spore
monospore
monosporic
multispore
mycosporine
nonspore
octospore
oospore
perispore
phaeospore
phragmospore
pollen spore
polyspore
prespore
prospore
protospore
pseudospore
pycnospore
resting spore
scolecospore
spermospore
sporabola
sporal
sporangium
sporation
sporebearing
spore case
sporeformer
sporeforming
spore fruit
sporeless
sporelike
sporeprint
spore print
sporicide
sporiferous
sporification
sporo-
sporogenesis
sporoid
sporology
sporophyte
sporous
sporule
staurospore
swarm spore
swarmspore
tetraspore
unispore
uredospore
zoospore
zygospore
zygotospore
Related terms: bulb
gemma
pollen
propagule
seed
spore
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: spô
ipa: /spɔː(ɹ)/
enpr: spôr
ipa: /spoɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
enpr: spōr
ipa: /spo(ː)ɹ/
note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger
ipa: /spoə/
homophone: spoor stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Forms: form: spores
form: sporing
form: spored
form: spored
Etymology: From New Latin spora, from Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed”), related to σπόρος (spóros, “sowing”) and σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”). Related to English spread).
Senses: glosses: To produce spores.
petrify
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɛ.tɹəˌfaɪ/
Forms: form: petrifies
form: petrifying
form: petrified
form: petrified
Etymology: From Middle French pétrifier, from Medieval Latin petrificāre, from Latin petra (“rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -ficāre, from facere (“do, make”), equivalent to petro- + -ify.
Senses: examples: text: a river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves
ref: 1799, Richard Kirwan, Geological Essays:
glosses: To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals.
glosses: To produce rigidity akin to stone.
synonyms: word: alarm
word: affright
word: appall
word: dismay
word: fray
word: frighten
word: grill
word: give someone the shits
word: harrow
word: horrify
word: make someone's blood run cold
word: mortify
word: petrify
word: scare
word: scare straight
word: scare the bejeebers out of
word: scare the hell out of
word: scare the pants off of
word: scare the shit out of
word: terrorize
word: terrify
word: spook
glosses: To immobilize with fright.
glosses: To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.
examples: text: Like Niobe we marble grow, / And petrify with grief.
ref: 1685, John Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis:
text: Hopes, feelings, and passion, petrify one after another; the crust of experience soon hardens over the hidden past; and who, looking on the levelled and subdued exterior, could dream of the wreck and ravage that lies below?
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Result”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 233:
glosses: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.
examples: text: petrify a genius to a dunce
ref: 1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin; London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC:
text: A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your volition.
ref: 1874, George Eliot, letter to Mrs. Ponsonby:
glosses: To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification.
Derived terms: petrifiable
petrifier
unpetrify
Related terms: petrifaction
calcify
mineralize
ossify
permineralize
reborn
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɔː(ɹ)n
Etymology: From re- + born.
Senses: glosses: Revived or regenerated, especially emotionally or spiritually.
glosses: Reincarnated.
reborn
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɔː(ɹ)n
Forms: form: reborns
Etymology: From re- + born.
Senses: examples: text: People's passionate reactions to reborns include moments of discomfort that happen across the skin and through the body.
ref: 2015, Michele White, Producing Women, page 86:
text: Some treat reborns as dolls, but others treat reborns as children. Adults who treat dolls as children or adults who play with dolls may face ridicule […]
ref: 2015, Carmen M. Cusack, Laws Relating to Sex, Pregnancy, and Infancy, page 31:
glosses: A manufactured vinyl doll that has been transformed to resemble a human baby with as much realism as possible.
Related terms: reborning
born-again
born again
rebirth
magnetopause
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: magnetopauses
Etymology: From magneto- + -pause.
Senses: glosses: The boundary between the Earth's magnetosphere and the sun's plasma.
characterize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkæɹəktəɹaɪz/
ipa: /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/
ipa: /ˈkæɹəktəɹaɪz/
Forms: form: characterizes
form: characterizing
form: characterized
form: characterized
form: characterise
Etymology: From Medieval Latin charactērizō, from Ancient Greek χαρακτηρίζω (kharaktērízō, “to designate by a characteristic mark”), from χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “a mark, character”). By surface analysis, character + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: [Stephen] Miller’s uncle, a neuroscientist, has been welcomed onto the public stage for his denunciations of his nephew’s immigration policies, which the elder Miller has characterized as hypocritical: the Millers’ not-so-distant Jewish ancestors were, of course, immigrants themselves.
ref: 2019 July 15, Greg Afinogenov, “The Jewish Case for Open Borders”, in Jewish Currents, number Summer 2019:
glosses: To depict someone or something a particular way (often negative).
examples: text: There is no way to avoid the slight cups, crooks, bows and twists that characterize wood.
ref: 1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 82:
glosses: To be typical of.
examples: text: This glossary includes terminology used in coastal science, engineering, geology, management, nearshore oceanography and the technologies that characterize, measure, describe or quantify the physical properties, processes and changes of the coastal zone.
ref: 1998, Brian Voigt, “Glossary of Coastal Terminology”, in Department of Ecology Publication No. 98-105:
glosses: To determine the characteristics of.
Derived terms: characterizability
characterizable
characterization
characterizer
hypercharacterize
immunocharacterize
mischaracterize
recharacterize
subcharacterize
undercharacterize
characterise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: characterises
form: characterising
form: characterised
form: characterised
Etymology: From character + -ise.
Senses: examples: text: Charlbury, between Oxford and Worcester, is one of the few surviving Italianate stations designed by Brunel. Built in 1853, it is characterised by the broad overhanging hipped roof, providing shelter at front and rear.
ref: 2020 December 2, Anthony Lambert, “Reimagining Railway Stations”, in Rail, page 42, photo caption:
text: Tuchel arrived in Belgrade insisting England were ready to improve and show their quality after the dour victories that have characterised their World Cup qualification campaign.
ref: 2025 September 9, Phil McNulty, “Serbia 0-5 England”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of characterize.
Derived terms: characterisability
characterisation
mischaracterise
recharacterise
undercharacterise
tumorous
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more tumorous
form: most tumorous
form: tumourous
Etymology: From Latin tumōrōsus (“inflated, bloated”), from tumor (“swelling, tumor”), from tumeō (“I swell”).
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to or having the appearance of a tumor.
glosses: Covered with tumors.
spectral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspɛktɹəɫ/
Forms: form: more spectral
form: most spectral
Etymology: From spectre + -al.
Senses: examples: text: The spectral chain-rattling and moans gave me the chills.
text: The day itself was miserably dull; a thick fog shut out the landscape, while a few of the nearer trees alone were visible, spreading out their thin spectral arms on the murky air.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Marriage Morning”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 202:
text: Agitated by a multitude of curious thoughts, I retired to my room, that night, prepared to encounter some new experience of a spectral character.
ref: 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Ghost in Master B’s Room”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 27, column 2:
synonyms: ghostly
antonyms: nonspectral
unspectral
glosses: Of, or pertaining to, spectres; ghostly.
Derived terms: nonspectral
spectral bat
spectrality
spectrally
spectral owl
unspectral
spectral
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspɛktɹəɫ/
Forms: form: more spectral
form: most spectral
Etymology: From spectrum + -al.
Senses: antonyms: nonspectral
glosses: Of, or pertaining to, spectra; classified according to frequency or wavelength (of light etc.).
Derived terms: autospectral
bispectral
cospectral
eigenspectral
extraspectral
hydrogen spectral series
hyperspectral
isospectral
microspectral
midspectral
monospectral
multispectral
nonisospectral
nonspectral
pseudospectral
spatiospectral
spectral class
spectralism
spectralist
spectral line
spectrally
spectral set
spectral theorem
spectral theory
spectral type
subspectral
temporospectral
ultraspectral