cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
deboost
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: deboosts
form: deboosting
form: deboosted
form: deboosted
Etymology: From de- + boost.
Senses: examples: text: This combination would prevent anti-ballistic missile radar (BMEWS), presently the U.S.’s main screen against surprise attack, from ascertaining the point of impact until the rocket “deboosts”-about three minutes and 500 miles from target.
ref: 1967 November 10, “Defense: The Space Bomb”, in TIME:
glosses: To slow a spacecraft by reducing thrust, typically in order to achieve a stable orbit.
examples: text: In one tweet Elon appears to allude to the fact that Twitter’s internal systems can apply a shadow ban and deboost an account on their own, without any human interference or knowledge. […] Outside of the Twitter Terms of Service there are no guidelines for when or how a user could be shadow banned or deboosted – likely, because until recently most users were unaware that such a thing could occur to them.
ref: 2022 November 28, Joe Youngblood, “How to Tell if You Have Been Shadow Banned or Deboosted on Twitter”, in Joe Youngblood:
text: And it was not as though they were unable, as the waves of bannings and algorithmic deboosting of those on the online right began in earnest after 2016.
ref: 2023 March 16, Andrew Isker, “The Regime’s War To Make Memes Illegal”, in Gab News:
glosses: To limit or suppress the reach of an account or post.
Related terms: debooster
deboost
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deboosts
Etymology: From de- + boost.
Senses: glosses: A slowing manoeuvre of this kind.
deboosting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of deboost
intersensor
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: inter-sensor
Etymology: From inter- + sensor.
Senses: glosses: Between sensors
deboosts
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of deboost
deboosts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of deboost
deboosted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of deboost
isostructure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: isostructures
Etymology: From iso- + structure.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A solid that has the same electronic or crystal structure as another
isostructures
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of isostructure
vis viva
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Latin, meaning "live force", coined by Gottfried W. Leibniz in order to denote a quantity discovered by Christiaan Huygens.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The product of an object's mass and the square of its speed.
Derived terms: vis viva equation
jettiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From jetty + -ness.
Senses: glosses: blackness; the condition of being jetty
Related terms: N-jettiness
multiplexity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: multiplexities
Etymology: From multiplex + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The state of being multiplex
nonminimum
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: non-minimum
Etymology: From non- + minimum.
Senses: glosses: Not minimum
nonnormality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: non-normality
Etymology: From non- + normality.
Senses: glosses: The condition of being nonnormal
Synonyms: abnormality
enormity
weirdness
strangeness
nonpositively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From non- + positively.
Senses: glosses: In a nonpositive manner
reduced mass
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reduced masses
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Half of the harmonic mean of two given masses.
patchwise
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From patch + -wise.
Senses: glosses: in patches
patchwise
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From patch + -wise.
Senses: glosses: one patch at a time
responsivities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of responsivity
disconformities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of disconformity
squarewave
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: squarewaves
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of square wave.
Derived terms: squarewave voltammetry
subsequential
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From subsequent + -ial.
Senses: glosses: subsequent
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: Relating to a subsequence
angular unconformity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: angular unconformities
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A type of unconformity in which a sedimentary stratum is deposited on top of another stratum that has been significantly tilted and subsequently eroded flat.
angular unconformities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of angular unconformity
subuniverse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: subuniverses
Etymology: From sub- + universe.
Senses: topics: literature
media
publishing
science-fiction
glosses: A universe contained within another universe.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: A subset of a universe.
subuniverses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of subuniverse
leblebis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of leblebi
bladdy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more bladdy
form: most bladdy
Senses: glosses: bloody (intensifier)
blerrie
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more blerrie
form: most blerrie
Senses: examples: text: Ag pleez Deddy won't you take us to the wrestling / We wanna see an ou called Sky High Lee / When he fights Willie Liebenberg / There's gonna be a murder / 'Cos Willie's gonna donner that blerrie yankee
ref: 1962, Jeremy Taylor, “Ag Pleez Deddy”:
glosses: bloody (intensifier)
bundu
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bundus
Etymology: From Shona bundo (“grassland”).
Senses: examples: text: “You start thinking again: ‘It's for all you cunts down there in Pretoria we're getting blown to pieces in this bundu.’”
ref: 1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 291:
text: […] before she reached Pholela in the wintry mountainous bundus of Bulwer.
ref: 2005, Mazo Sybil T. MaDlamini Buthelezi, African Nurse Pioneers in KwaZulu/Natal - 1920-2000, page 113:
glosses: A wilderness region, away from cities.
bundus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of bundu
samoosa
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: samoosas
Senses: examples: text: You are asked to deliver the usual order of coleslaw (large) and two samoosas each.
ref: 2018, Tsitsi Dangarembga, This Mournable Body, Faber & Faber (2020), page 248:
glosses: Alternative form of samosa.
slap chip
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: slap chips
Etymology: Afrikaans slupp (“drooping, not firm”).
Senses: examples: text: After all, Pa and Ma had worked hard in the hot little shop, selling samoosas, slap chips and bunny-chows, from six in the morning to ten at night.
ref: 2002, Colleen Moroukian, Breaking out:
text: He could feel his cock quivering like a slap chip.
ref: 2003, Chris Van Wyk, Vagn Plenge, Post-traumatic: new South African short stories, page 180:
glosses: A french fry.
slap chips
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of slap chip
samoosas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of samoosa
Hiligaynons
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Hiligaynon
dumpies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dumpy
glosses: plural of dumpie
erfs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of erf
garden boy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: garden boys
Senses: examples: text: So there are more garden boys. The two old faithfuls, John and Soufel, and one or two extra boys as they can be spared from the farm work: boys who come, receive instruction, and just when they begin to know a little, go away again.
ref: 1933, R. E. Boddam-Whetham, A garden in the veld, page 126:
glosses: A male gardener (of any age).
garden boys
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of garden boy
is it
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /(ˈ)ɪz ɪt/
Forms: form: issit
form: izit
form: izzit
Senses: examples: text: - It's ten o'clock already.
- Is it?
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see is, it.
examples: text: - I'm feeling tired.
- Is it?
text: 2007, Dan le Sac vs. Scroobius Pip, "Thou Shalt Always Kill" on Angles
Thou shalt not express your shock at the fact that Sharon got off with Brad at the club last night by saying "is it?"
text: 'Everyone just calls me Ash.'
'Izzit?' said Hendriks, and he fixed me with his cold grey eyes. Spartan at that time was unusual in that it would only take on ex-army South Africans.
ref: 2011 July 31, James Ashcroft, Making A Killing: The Explosive Story of a Hired Gun in Iraq, Random House, →ISBN, page 80:
glosses: really? is that so?
is it
Language: English
Part of speech: particle
Pronunciation: ipa: /(ˈ)ɪz ɪt/
Forms: form: issit
form: izit
form: izzit
Senses: examples: text: You forgot, is it?
text: You think you slang-slang a bit I scared, is it? Bloody fool!
ref: 1994, Michael Chiang, Private Parts & Other Play Things, page 242:
text: "I mean what now - the bet is cancelled but they are both going to ask her, is it?"
ref: 2008, Nicholas Drayson, A Guide to the Birds of East Africa, page 187:
text: So short-lah, the chopstick. For children is it?
ref: 2012, Tan Twan Eng, chapter 1, in The Garden of Evening Mists, Hachette, →ISBN, page 15:
glosses: Final interrogative particle forming a tag question.
Synonyms: or not
indabas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of indaba
ja well no fine
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Forms: form: jawellnofine
Etymology: From Afrikaans ja (“yes”) followed by English words, with echoes of Afrikaans ja nee (literally "yes no"), which in various contexts signals either whole-hearted or uncertain, possibly politely dissenting, agreement.
Senses: examples: text: But his meteorology was all wrong as was his notion of agricultural practice in Natal and Zululand. The misty hills do not willingly nourish and nurture the human species any more than bongols willingly drag loads uphill for it. Ja well no fine, so I agree that it does drizzle here too.
ref: 1998, Harold Strachan, Way up, way out, page 88:
text: Ja, well, no, fine. After reading that opaque bureau-speak, I know what I want a portion of and it's not Coke.
ref: 2002, Stephen Mulholland, Another voice II, page 168:
text: […] he took everyone's hands and he said, what was past was past, everyone must roll up their sleeves and look to the future now. Treppie said, ja, well, no fine, with or without rolled-up sleeves, but he wasn't so sure about Marike. She looked even more like a missionary in Africa now with that bandaged hat […]
ref: 2004, Marlene Van Niekerk, Leon De Kock, Triomf, page 522:
glosses: Variously expressing ridicule, irony, indifference, surprise, or ambivalence—possibly in combination—depending on tone and context.
jolling
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of jol
jolled
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of jol
jols
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of jol
jols
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of jol
main road
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: main roads
Senses: examples: text: Until the main road from Hatfield to Hertford was diverted a few years ago, heavy lorries trundling through the village sometimes knocked chunks off corner buildings, but now the village has regained much of its former tranquillity.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 224, about Hertingfordbury:
glosses: A major road in a town or village, or in a country area.
examples: text: Living near the main road means you hear a lot of traffic noise.
text: The highway to the East Coast which ran through the borough of Ebbfield had always been a main road and even now, despite the vast garages, the pylons and the gaily painted factory glasshouses which had sprung up beside it, there still remained an occasional trace of past cultures.
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 7, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
glosses: A major urban road, off which lead many smaller streets, many of them cul-de-sacs.
glosses: High Street; Main Street
glosses: A priority road; a road where entering traffic must yield right of way.
raw_tags: in some countries
mielie meal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: maize flour
glosses: A traditional porridge made from maize flour, similar to American grits.
monkey's wedding
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: monkeys' weddings
Etymology: Perhaps patterned after the Portuguese casamento de rapôsa, literally "vixen's wedding", used in the same sense. The Portuguese phrase may have been changed to casamento de macaco, "monkey's wedding", in Portugal's southern African colonies. Alternatively, it may have entered South African English from the Zulu phrase umshado we zinkawu, which literally means "wedding for monkeys".
Senses: examples: text: "Hullo, there's a monkey's wedding," said my wife's niece, a girl of about twenty, born in South Africa […] She was looking out on the lawn, and it was one of those lovely April mornings with sunshine and rain alternating[…]
ref: 1939, Country Life, volume 85, page 290:
text: She went on to supply a series of vague remarks until he was not listening: that […] the rain that afternoon had been a real monkey's wedding, half storm, half sunshine.
ref: 1965, Doris Lessing, Landlocked, HarperPerennial, published 1995, page 132:
text: "Look, it's a monkey's wedding!" Ba exclaimed, using a well-known South African expression referring to rain and sunshine occurring at the same time, and admiring the eerie effect of rain falling through a burst of sunshine.
ref: 2010, Claire Datnow, Behind The Walled Garden of Apartheid, page 31:
glosses: A sun shower.
Related terms: word: devil's beating his wife
raw_tags: for when this occurs
naartje
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: naartjes
Senses: examples: text: Naartjes require plenty of attention. Half-a-dozen different blights — mussel, green and round scales, American blight, etc. — attack the trees from the earliest stage upwards[…]
ref: 1901 April 12, “Coast Fruit”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 3, page 74:
glosses: Alternative form of naartjie.
naartjes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of naartje
now-now
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans nou-nou.
Senses: glosses: right now; immediately; very soon
acetylglucosaminylation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From acetylglucosaminyl + -ation.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The addition of acetylglucosamine to a molecule
Related terms: acetylglucosaminyltransferase
shongololo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shongololos
Etymology: From Xhosa and Zulu ishongololo.
Senses: glosses: A millipede.
shongololos
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of shongololo
skyfie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: skyfies
Senses: examples: text: I shared it out — a skyfie (segment) each — but everyone tried to get me to have theirs because I was hungry.
ref: 1986, Norma Kitson, Where sixpence lives, page 237:
glosses: segment, especially of an orange
snackwich
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: snackwiches
Etymology: Blend of snack + sandwich
Senses: examples: text: He set aside the tools, prepared a snackwich and coffee, […]
ref: 1996, Ashraf Jamal, Love themes for the wilderness, page 246:
text: Corsicana and Geronimo were detained by the discovery, while retrieving their jackets off Everton's filthy mattress, of a similar sense of being bereft, a prevalence of childhood memories involving toasted cheese snackwiches and Tintin comics […]
ref: 2012, Zinaid Meeran, Tanuki Ichiban, page 161:
glosses: A grilled cheese sandwich.
snackwiches
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of snackwich
spanspek
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: spanspeks
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans spanspek, literally “Spanish bacon”.
Senses: glosses: A cantaloupe.
spanspeks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of spanspek
spaza
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈspɑːzə/
Forms: form: spazas
Senses: examples: text: I walk briskly away from the howling child and the burly cop and the snickering shoppie. And into the first spaza I can find, for a Ghost.
ref: 2008, Lauren Beukes, Moxyland, Jacana Media, →ISBN, page 105:
text: The study found that spazas predominantly source their supplies from large wholesalers such as Macro, Metro and Cash and Carry.
ref: 2011, Dan Banik, The Legal Empowerment Agenda, page 59:
glosses: An informal trading post or convenience store found in townships and remote areas.
spazas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of spaza
share taxi
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: share taxis
form: share-taxi
Senses: glosses: Synonym of shared taxi.
synonyms: word: shared taxi
share taxis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of share taxi
taxilike
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more taxilike
form: most taxilike
Etymology: From taxi + -like.
Senses: examples: text: Wren picked up Fenwick in his taxilike white Volga sedan.
ref: 2003, Amy Schapiro, Millicent Fenwick: Her Way, page 168:
glosses: Resembling or characteristic of a taxi (hired vehicle).
combfishes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of combfish
semivariable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From semi- + variable.
Senses: glosses: Comprising both a fixed cost and a variable cost.
raw_tags: of an expense
Related terms: semifixed
toasted cheese
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: toasted cheeses
Senses: examples: text: Tiepolo ordered two vast toasted cheeses and a jug of wine, and we alternately seared and cooled our lips until we were satisfied and tipsy.
ref: 2002, Rhys Hughes, Nowhere Near Milkwood, page 49:
text: They even paid for toasted cheeses and doughnuts, rather than eat free in the dining hall like everyone else.
ref: 2011, Jack Jackson, Wasted:
glosses: A grilled cheese sandwich.
rakfisk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Norwegian rakfisk.
Senses: glosses: A Norwegian delicacy consisting of raw trout fermented after being packed moist with salt.
agnogenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /æɡnəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/
Etymology: From a- + Latin gnōscō (“know”) + -genic.
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: Of unknown etiology.
Synonyms: idiopathic
primary
Derived terms: agnogenic myeloid metaplasia
Related terms: agnogenesis
antie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: anties
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans, ultimately from English aunt (compare English auntie).
Senses: glosses: An older female authority figure.
Synonyms: tannie
anties
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of antie
pectorial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: For medical purposes, figs are chiefly used in emollient cataplasms, and pectorial decoctions.
ref: 1837, Thomas Green Fessenden, James Engelbert Teschemacher, Joseph Breck, The Horticultural Register and Gardener's Magazine, volume 3, page 332:
glosses: pectoral
park a tiger
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: parks a tiger
form: parking a tiger
form: parked a tiger
form: parked a tiger
Senses: glosses: To vomit.
babelaas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of babalaas.
bosberaad
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bosberaads
Etymology: From Afrikaans bos (“bush”) + beraad (“consideration”).
Senses: glosses: A strategic meeting held in a private venue, less commonly outdoors, such as those to try resolve a political deadlock.
bosberaads
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of bosberaad
bosbefok
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more bosbefok
form: most bosbefok
Etymology: From Afrikaans; literally "bush-fucked".
Senses: examples: text: He had seen many people die in accidental shootings or, as happened on border duty, someone went bosbefok and let loose with a machine-gun, screaming at an imaginary enemy.
ref: 2000, Mandla Langa, The memory of stones, page 189:
text: And us six months in the army already and a few gone prematurely bosbefok - and man, they had just given us those LMG's.
ref: 2002, University of Cape Town. Centre for Creative Writing, New Contrast, volume 30, page 110:
text: Josh's former Commanding Officer, Louw, quizzes his sister on what he may have told her about Angola, asserting meaningfully that "nobody ever tells everything" and contending that when her brother went bosbefok, "I saved his life.
ref: 2003, Geoffrey V. Davis, Voices of justice and reason, page 330:
text: 'Why is he no longer in the Army?' Wierda asked as we were heading towards the airport.
'He is still on their payroll, but he's become too dangerous for them, too much of a liability. Bosbefok.'
ref: 2008, Chris G. Marnewick, Shepherds and butchers, page 66:
glosses: shell-shocked
collar-button abscesses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of collar-button abscess
blind abscesses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of blind abscess
toasted cheeses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of toasted cheese
broekies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans broekie, diminutive of broek (“trousers”).
Senses: glosses: women's underwear; panties; knickers
Related terms: broekie lace
broekie lace
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Afrikaans; see broekies (“women's underwear”).
Senses: glosses: ornate ironwork found on Victorian buildings
Elbingian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Elbing + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: […] with the consent of the King, the Prussian army again occupied Elbingian territory with the exception of the town itself.
ref: 1971, William Fiddian Reddaway, The Cambridge History of Poland, volume 1, page 4:
glosses: Of or pertaining to Elbing or Elbląg, a city in northern Poland.
chommie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chommies
form: chomma
form: tjommie
Senses: glosses: A friend; a chum.
glosses: The perineum.
tjommie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tjommies
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of chommie.
tjommies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tjommie
chommies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of chommie
chommas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of chomma
domkops
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of domkop
dopping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of dop
dopped
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of dop
dorpie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dorpies
Etymology: See dorp.
Senses: examples: text: Then our minibus overheated and blew its engine, stranding us at Vioolsdrif, a dorpie on the northern bank of the Orange River.
ref: 2006, Dean Liprini, Pathways of the Sun, page 12:
glosses: A small town.
dorpies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dorpie
dronkie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dronkies
Senses: examples: text: ‘You a cop? You with the guy inside?’ the shoppie says, bending his knees to talk to me confidentially. ‘Cos it was legitimate, okay? Bitch started pulling down the merchandise, falling around. Dronkie. She's been in here before, causing kak. Stealing shit. And how long is your friend gonna be in there anyway?’
ref: 2008, Lauren Beukes, Moxyland, Jacana Media, →ISBN, pages 102–103:
glosses: A drunkard.
dronkies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of dronkie
adjustable wrench
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: adjustable wrenches
Senses: glosses: Synonym of adjustable spanner.
synonyms: word: adjustable spanner
adjustable wrenches
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of adjustable wrench
nonaspirated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From non- + aspirated.
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
glosses: Not aspirated.
entjie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: entjies
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans entjie.
Senses: examples: text: I begged him for an entjie and at first he said no, but then relented and gave me two loose ones and a box of matches[…]
ref: 2005, Al Lovejoy, Acid Alex:
glosses: A cigarette.
entjies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of entjie
gesuip
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more gesuip
form: most gesuip
Etymology: From Afrikaans gesuip, from Afrikaans suip (“to drink”). Compare Dutch gezuip, zuipen.
Senses: examples: text: In fact, I'd been slightly gesuip ever since I'd settled into my seat in preparation for the 14-hour nonstop flight from Miami to Cape Town.
ref: 1999, Aqua: The PADI Diving Society Magazine, volume 2, number 4, page 55:
text: Sebastian smirks, 'She was too gesuip, too drunk to see anything.'
ref: 2005, Anne Schuster, Foolish Delusions, page 178:
glosses: drunk
Synonyms: drunk
goffel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: goffels
Senses: glosses: A working-class black woman.
glosses: A person of mixed race, usually white and black.
goffels
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of goffel
hanging wall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hanging walls
form: hangingwall
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: The section of rock that extends above a diagonal fault line (the corresponding lower section being the footwall).
topics: business
mining
glosses: the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.
hanging walls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hanging wall
hangingwall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hangingwalls
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of hanging wall.
hangingwalls
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of hangingwall
normal fault
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: normal faults
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A type of fault in which the footwall moves up relative to the hanging wall.
normal faults
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of normal fault
reverse fault
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reverse faults
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A type of fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
Meronyms: thrust fault
jislaaik
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: /ˈjɪs.laɪk/
Etymology: From Afrikaans [Term?], of unclear origin.
Senses: examples: text: […] he asked me to marry him. Jislaaik! I was so delighted!
ref: 1999, Kathy A. Perkins, Black South African women: an anthology of plays, page 62:
text: I know he's writing about Princess. Jislaaik, he loved that chick.
ref: 2004, Lord Orford, Margie Orford, Dancing Queen, page 28:
glosses: goodness; expressing shock or surprise
reverse faults
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of reverse fault
thrust faults
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of thrust fault
blind thrust faults
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of blind thrust fault
synform
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: synforms
Etymology: From syn- + form.
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A topographic feature which is composed of sedimentary layers in a concave formation, but may not actually form a real syncline (i.e., the youngest rocks may not be exposed in the middle).
Hyponyms: syncline
synforms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of synform
antiform
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: antiforms
Etymology: From anti- + form.
Senses: topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: A topographic feature which is composed of sedimentary layers in a convex formation, but may not actually form a real anticline (i.e., the oldest rocks may not be exposed in the middle).
examples: text: Dada forms and antiforms were used as a means of reacting against Abstract Expressionism and abstract art generally[…]
ref: 1983, Edith Kurzweil, William Phillips, Writers and Politics: A Partisan Review Reader, page 236:
topics: art
arts
glosses: A form that defies the usual conventions of artistic forms.
Hyponyms: topics: geology
geography
natural-sciences
word: anticline
Derived terms: antiformal
antiforms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of antiform
katkop
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: katkops
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans katkop (literally “cat's head”) (from kat + kop), due to its shape resembling a cat's head. Doublet of cathead.
Senses: examples: text: For supper, Coloured and Indian prisoners received a quarter loaf of bread (known as a katkop, that is, a cat's head, after the shape of the bread) and a slab of margarine.
ref: 1995, Nelson Mandela, A Long Walk to Freedom Vol 2: 1962-1994:
text: I was given a rail warrant for two days' third-class travel by train to Harrismith. I was also given two katkops. In my relief and gladness I handed them to a convict working in the office.
ref: 2008, A.S. Mopeli-Paulus, The World And The Cattle, page 163:
glosses: Part of a loaf of bread.
glosses: A snack consisting of part of a loaf of bread hollowed out and filled with French fries.
katkops
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of katkop
Facebook official
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: They dated for a few weeks before making their relationship Facebook official.
glosses: Publicly acknowledged, as evidenced by a relationship status on Facebook or a similar website.
raw_tags: of a relationship
Reichspfennig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Reichspfennigs
Etymology: From German Reichspfennig.
Senses: glosses: A former German currency unit, one hundredth of a Reichsmark.
klapping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of klap
klaps
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of klap
klapped
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of klap
laaitie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: laaities
Etymology: Afrikaans
Senses: glosses: A youth; a young person, especially male.
laaities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of laaitie
lithostratigraphically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From lithostratigraphic + -ally.
Senses: glosses: In terms of lithostratigraphy.
palaeoceanographically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From palaeoceanographic + -ally.
Senses: glosses: In terms of palaeoceanography.
palaeobiogeographically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From palaeobiogeographical + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In terms of palaeobiogeography.
palaeobiogeography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɒɡɹəfi
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of paleobiogeography.
palaeobiogeographic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of paleobiogeographic.
palaeoceanography
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɒɡɹəfi
Etymology: From palaeo- + oceanography.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of paleoceanography.
maats
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of maat
vly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vlaɪ/
Forms: form: vlies
Etymology: Attested chiefly as vly, rarely as vlaie or fly. From a dialectal form of Middle Dutch valeye, which meant "valley" in standard Dutch; a semantic shift to meaning "swamp" occurred either in Middle Dutch or independently in the speech of both the Dutch colonists of America and the Dutch colonists of South Africa (producing vlei).
Senses: glosses: A small swampy or marshy area, especially near a stream.
raw_tags: in place names
vly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vlaɪ/
Forms: form: vlies
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of vlei.
tsotsitaal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tsotsitaals
Etymology: From tsotsi (“South African street gangster”) + Afrikaans taal (“language”).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Any of a variety of mixed languages spoken mainly in the townships of South Africa.
Related terms: Camtho
Flaaitaal
Flytaal
tsotsitaals
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tsotsitaal
NAAFIs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of NAAFI
seneskal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: seneskals
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of seneschal.
protips
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of protip
ouens
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ou
aeroponically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From aeroponic + -ally.
Senses: glosses: By means of aeroponics
Related terms: aeroponic
shushings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of shushing
God slots
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of God slot
antianopheline
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more antianopheline
form: most antianopheline
Etymology: From anti- + anopheline.
Senses: glosses: That counters anopheles mosquitos
ousies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ousie
antivectorial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: anti-vectorial
Etymology: From anti- + vectorial.
Senses: qualifier: public health
glosses: That counters the vector of an infectious disease
plaas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: plaases
Etymology: From Afrikaans plaas (“farm”). Doublet of place, piazza, and plaza.
Senses: examples: text: "The man who burned down the plaas, deserves himself to be burned," cried Solomon with irrelevant heat.
ref: 1929, Norman Giles, Keerboskloof, page 110:
glosses: A farm.
rooineck
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rooinecks
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of rooinek.
rooinecks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of rooineck
bleddy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more bleddy
form: most bleddy
Senses: glosses: bloody (intensifier)
asaccharolytic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From a- + saccharolytic.
Senses: topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
qualifier: mold
glosses: Incapable of breaking down carbohydrates for energy
raw_tags: of a bacterium
aspartase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: aspartases
Etymology: From aspartate + -ase.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any enzyme that catalyses the deamination of aspartic acid to fumaric acid and ammonia
skaapie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: skaapies
Etymology: Afrikaans
Senses: examples: text: Boys from the various slum areas would form themselves into gangs of 'laaities' (those wise in the ways of the city as opposed to naive, newly arrived 'skaapies' from the countryside) and would jealously protect their areas of operation.
ref: 1983, Belinda Bozzoli, Town and countryside in the Transvaal, page 162:
text: The so-called 'good guys' who obeyed society's (and family) rules were brushed aside as 'skaapies', not worthy of even a modicum of acceptance.
ref: 2008, Dianne Stewart, Durban in a word: contrasts and colours in eThekwini, page 71:
glosses: softie; weakling; pussy
skaapies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of skaapie
skyf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: skyfs
Etymology: From Afrikaans skyf (“a slice; disk”), from Dutch schijf, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skībǭ. Doublet of shive and skive.
Senses: examples: text: Laduma rolls himself a skyf. It's cheap Swazi and rakes the lungs, but it's skyf nonetheless.
ref: 2004, A. K. Thembeka, Laduma, page 11:
text: Vendors walk up and down the line of cars selling warm cold-drinks and chips, single skyfs or packs of Remington Gold.
ref: 2010, Lauren Beukes, Zoo City, page 307:
glosses: A cigarette.
skyf
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: skyfs
form: skyfing
form: skyfed
form: skyfed
Etymology: From Afrikaans skyf (“a slice; disk”), from Dutch schijf, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skībǭ. Doublet of shive and skive.
Senses: examples: text: Along with pop culture came drug culture, and suddenly everyone was smoking zol. Skyfing. They skyfed at the beach, in the park, down the alley, outside parties and in speeding cars.
ref: 2011, Erich Rautenbach, The Unexploded Boer:
glosses: To smoke cigarettes.
skyfs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of skyf
skyfs
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of skyf
unsharpen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: unsharpens
form: unsharpening
form: unsharpened
form: unsharpened
Etymology: From un- + sharpen.
Senses: examples: text: Thus, every product is branded with a legal marking, or a trademark respectively. In addition, as every product has a name, every product allows us to associate knowledge and meaning to this name. As the differentiation of products and brands unsharpens this distinction, we suggest the distinction of brands and the brand systems: […]
ref: 2006, Marius K. Lüdicke, A Theory of Marketing: Outline of a Social Systems Perspective, Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, →ISBN, page 84:
text: That said, there is a curious solace in settling into a worldview by a writer who so refuses to unsharpen her vision, whose investment is in the clarity and freshness of the imagery and an honest portrayal of our craven impulses.
ref: 2022 October 15, Aimee Bender, “In Robin McLean’s Stories, Life Is Tough but So Are the Living”, in The New York Times:
glosses: To render unsharp; to spoil the sharpness of (something).
examples: text: When it sharpens the image, you can't unsharpen it again without losing data.
ref: 2012, Haje Jan Kamps, Focus on Travel Photography, page 91:
topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To undo a sharpening operation on (an image).
unsharpening
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of unsharpen
unsharpens
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of unsharpen
sommelière
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌsɔməlˈjɛɹ/
Forms: form: sommelières
form: sommeliere
Etymology: From French sommelière.
Senses: glosses: Female equivalent of sommelier.
sommelières
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of sommelière
pick up stompies
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: picks up stompies
form: picking up stompies
form: picked up stompies
form: picked up stompies
Etymology: See stompie (“cigarette butt”), suggesting something that is over and done with.
Senses: glosses: To join a conversation at the tail end, without knowing much about its content.
dialectality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From dialectal + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being dialectal.
Gogo-Yimidjir
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Guugu Yimidhirr.
Gugu Yimidhirr
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Guugu Yimidhirr.
Gugu Yimithirr
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Guugu Yimidhirr.
Vaalie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Vaalies
Etymology: From Transvaal, from Afrikaans Vaal (“Vaal river”).
Senses: examples: text: I went down to the beach front, of course, for that was the first thing that all Vaalies did: to look at the sea and to check the talent on the beach.
ref: 2011, Nic Venter, Wow! What a Life!, page 179:
glosses: A tourist from inland.
glosses: The grey rhebok or Vaal rhebok, a species of antelope endemic to South Africa.
Guguyimidjir
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Guugu Yimidhirr.
Vaalies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Vaalie
Koko Yimidir
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Guugu Yimidhirr.
Koko-Yimidir
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Guugu Yimidhirr.
Kuku Yimidhirr
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of Guugu Yimidhirr.
verkramp
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fəˈkrʌmp/
Forms: form: more verkramp
form: most verkramp
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans verkramp (“narrow, cramped”).
Senses: examples: text: Many a person when he enters for the first time the home of another these days inclines to ask himself, not whether the man is rich or poor, fond of dogs or gardening, but whether he is verkramp or verlig.
ref: 1977, Alexander Steward, The world, the West, and Pretoria, page 212:
text: The Hertzog Group supporters were labelled verkramp, and the Vorster supporters verlig. The fact, of course, is that the vast majority of Afrikaner Nationalists were and are verkramp, and only a small minority verlig.
ref: 1979, J. H. P. Serfontein, Brotherhood of Power: An Exposé of the Secret Afrikaner Broederbond:
text: He made a speech which suggested that this process must be inclusive, that everyone must be pulled into the process. That is the type of approach that we need from the NPA which gives the distinct impression that it is verkramp, is lagging behind […]
ref: 1991, South Africa. Parliament, Debates of Parliament: Hansard (volume 9, issues 8-11, page 4171)
text: Over the years, Afrikaners developed a reputation for being verkramp[…]
ref: 2006, Sarah Britten, The Art of the South African Insult, page 25:
glosses: Politically conservative.
Related terms: verkrampte
voertsek
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: /ˈfʊɹtsɑk/
/ˈvʊɹtsɑk/
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of voetsek.
Arklitten
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Borrowed from German Arklitten, from Old Prussian [Term?].
Senses: glosses: A village, located in what was historically East Prussia and is now Poland; the village is now called Arklity.
Black Pete
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Black Petes
Senses: examples: text: After riding off on a white horse, Sinterklaas is said to roam the country until December 5th, when he lands on Dutch roofs and sends his Black Petes down chimneys to deliver gifts to good little girls and boys.
ref: 2013 November 4, Sally McGrane, “The Netherlands Confronts Black Pete”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 Sep 2014:
glosses: Alternative form of Black Peter.
coignes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of coigne
entwiningly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more entwiningly
form: most entwiningly
Etymology: From entwining + -ly.
Senses: glosses: So as to entwine.
Arys
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From German Arys, from Old Prussian.
Senses: glosses: Former name of Orzysz: a town located in what was historically East Prussia and is now in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland.
oligophrenia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌɒlɪɡoʊˈfɹiːnɪə/
/ˌɒlɪɡoʊˈfɹɛ.ni.ə/
/ˌɒlɪɡəˈfɹiː.ni.ə/
Forms: form: oligophrenias
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὀλίγοι (olígoi, “few”) + Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “mind, soul”).
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: subnormal mental development
Zamalek
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /zɛˈmæ.lɛk/
ipa: /ˈzæ.məˌlɛk/
Etymology: Arabic الزَّمَالِك (az-zamālik)
Senses: glosses: An affluent district of central Cairo, Egypt, encompassing the northern portion of Gezira Island in the Nile river.
Zamalek
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /zɛˈmæ.lɛk/
ipa: /ˈzæ.məˌlɛk/
Forms: form: Zamaleks
Etymology: Arabic الزَّمَالِك (az-zamālik)
Senses: examples: text: […]men who are only there to lend the scene authenticity, to earn a little cash to buy a Zamalek, real beer in a real bottle[…]
ref: 2010, Lauren Beukes, Moxyland:
glosses: Carling Black Label, a brand of beer.
cocopans
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cocopan
uncocooned
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From un- + cocooned.
Senses: examples: text: It was obvious that some of his companions – those without earplugs, uncocooned in their private music – were very poor indeed, with the absent stares that suggested a drug or alcohol addiction, or maybe pure exhaustion.
ref: 2010, Robin Duval, Bear in the Woods, page 20:
glosses: Not cocooned.
uncocooned
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of uncocoon
eish
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: /eɪʃ/
Etymology: From Afrikaans.
Senses: examples: text: You become very happy and forget that eish, when you get home it is then that you remember that you have HIV, but when you are there you are free.
ref: 2007, Corinne Squire, HIV in South Africa: Talking About the Big Thing, page 132:
text: Eish, I can't believe we're back at this.
ref: FCS Integrated English for First Additional Language L3 (page 3)
glosses: phew; whew; expressing resignation
laduma
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Etymology: From Zulu laduma, literally "it thunders".
Senses: examples: text: Soccer advertisements celebrated the new nation — "When all the colours and textures of soccer come together — Laduma! Let's celebrate good times! Come on!"
ref: 2010, Anne Kelk Mager, Beer, Sociability, and Masculinity in South Africa, page 59:
glosses: goal! (cheer when a goal is scored in football)
isangomas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of isangoma
toyi-toyis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of toyi-toyi
toyi-toyied
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of toyi-toyi
toyi-toying
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of toyi-toyi
skollies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of skollie
lekgotlas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lekgotla
Catembe
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Catembes
Etymology: From Portuguese [Term?].
Senses: glosses: A cocktail of red wine and cola.