cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
stroll
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /stɹəʊl/
ipa: /stɹoʊl/
rhymes: -əʊl
Forms: form: strolls
form: strolling
form: strolled
form: strolled
Etymology: Borrowed from German strollen, a variant of Alemannic German strolchen, from Strolch (“vagabond; rascal”).
Senses: examples: text: In Ancient Times, as Story tells, / The Saints would often leave their Cells, / And ſtrole about, but hide their Quality, / To try good Peoples Hoſpitality.
ref: 1708, [Jonathan Swift], “The Metamorphosis of Baucis and Philemon, Burlesqu’d; from the 8th Book of Ovid”, in Baucis and Philemon; a Poem. […], London: […] H. Hills, […], published 1709, →OCLC, page 3:
text: The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. [...] It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices grated harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, pages 87–88:
text: Look around you, all you see are sympathetic eyes
Stroll around the grounds until you feel at home
ref: 1968 April 5, Paul Simon, “Mrs. Robinson”, in Bookends, performed by Simon & Garfunkel:
text: More often than not, the best restaurants are found by strolling rather than scrolling.
ref: 2025 June 14, Robin Van Liebergen, “How not to summer in Marseille”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 19:
glosses: To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.
examples: text: [A] delighted shout from the children swung him toward the door again. His sister, Mrs. Gerard, stood there in carriage gown and sables, radiant with surprise. "Phil! You! Exactly like you, Philip, to come strolling in from the antipodes—dear fellow!" recovering from the fraternal embrace and holding both lapels of his coat in her gloved hands.
ref: 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “His Own People”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 15:
glosses: To go somewhere with ease.
examples: text: "Nammers?" She'd told him before of some Vietnamese gang pressuring her to stroll for them. / "Don't even ask. You don't want to know."
ref: 1998, Joseph Ferone, Boomboom, page 24:
glosses: To walk the streets as a prostitute.
examples: text: My daughter strolled through the exam.
synonyms: breeze
ride
coast
antonyms: labor
scrape
squeeze
limp
squeak
glosses: To do, obtain, or achieve something in a casual and effortless way.
Synonyms: meander
ramble
range
roam
rove
stray
wander
Derived terms: stroller
stroll on
stuffy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstʌfi/
rhymes: -ʌfi
Forms: form: stuffier
form: stuffiest
Etymology: From stuff + -y.
Senses: examples: text: I can’t smell very well today – I have a stuffy nose.
text: Let’s go outside – it’s getting stuffy in here.
synonyms: fusty
glosses: Poorly ventilated; partially plugged.
examples: text: Abby Jimenez
Like my life was a stuffy room, and you’re the breeze that came in when the window opened.
text: If Euston is not typically English, St. Pancras is. Its façade is a nightmare of improbable Gothic. It is fairly plastered with the aesthetic ideals of 1868, and the only beautiful thing about it is Barlow's roof. It is haunted by the stuffier kind of ghost. Yet there is something about the ordered whole of St. Pancras that would make demolition a terrible pity.
ref: 1941 August 24, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The English Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 358:
text: We all sat in stuffy classrooms and had men in tweedy sportscoats ruin our afternoons.
ref: 1988 May 6, Michael Miner, “"Chicago Times" Reaches for the Cutting Edge; Nicole Drieske Goes Public; Harry Golden”, in Chicago Reader, archived from the original on 01 Dec 2020:
synonyms: oppressive
glosses: Uncomfortably warm without sufficient air circulation.
glosses: Stout; mettlesome; resolute.
glosses: Angry and obstinate; sulky.
examples: text: The stuffy professor droned on as the class lost interest.
text: It could be argued that the rise of the socially conscious model reflects a very 2017 archetype: the “woke” young woman, who looks set to define femininity this decade in the same way that the lager-swilling ladette did in the 90s. It is also symptomatic of a broader cultural “awokening” that has reached the stuffiest institutions; even the royal family has recently relaxed its upper lip.
ref: 2017 May 15, Hannah Marriott, “Woke models: how activism became fashion's latest must-have”, in The Guardian, London, page 9:
glosses: Boring, old-fashioned, uninteresting, over-formal, pompous, very conventional.
glosses: Stout; sturdy.
Derived terms: stuffily
stuffiness
Related terms: stuffed shirt
stuffy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstʌfi/
rhymes: -ʌfi
Forms: form: stuffies
form: stuffie
Etymology: From stuff + -y.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of stuffed toy.
synonyms: word: stuffed toy
sty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /staɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: stye
Forms: form: sties
form: stye
Etymology: From Middle English sty, from Old English stī, stiġ (“sty, pen, a wooden enclosure; hall”, chiefly in compounds).
Cognate with German Stiege (“wooden crate”), dialectal German Steige (“hen-coop”), Danish sti (“sty, enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc.”), Swedish stia (“sty for pigs, geese, etc.”), Norwegian sti (“flock of sheep”), Icelandic stía (“a kennel”).
Senses: synonyms: pigpen
pigsty
glosses: A pen or enclosure for swine.
examples: text: To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty.
ref: 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:
english: Comus
translation: Comus
synonyms: hovel
pigsty
glosses: A messy, dirty or debauched place.
Derived terms: throw an ant into a sty
sty
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /staɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: stye
Forms: form: sties
form: stying
form: stied
form: stied
form: stye
Etymology: From Middle English sty, from Old English stī, stiġ (“sty, pen, a wooden enclosure; hall”, chiefly in compounds).
Cognate with German Stiege (“wooden crate”), dialectal German Steige (“hen-coop”), Danish sti (“sty, enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc.”), Swedish stia (“sty for pigs, geese, etc.”), Norwegian sti (“flock of sheep”), Icelandic stía (“a kennel”).
Senses: examples: text: and here you sty me In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from me The rest o' the island
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
glosses: To place in, or as if in, a sty.
glosses: To live in a sty, or any messy or dirty place.
sty
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /staɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: stye
Forms: form: sties
form: stying
form: stied
form: stied
form: stee
form: stie
form: stigh
form: stye
Etymology: From Middle English stien, stiȝen, stighen, from Old English stīgan (“to go; ascend, mount”), from Proto-West Germanic *stīgan, from Proto-Germanic *stīganą, from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-.
Cognate with Dutch stijgen, German steigen, Danish stige, Norwegian Bokmål stige, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish stiga, Old Norse stíga.
Senses: examples: text: The beast impatient of his smarting wound, / And of so fierce and forcible despight, / Thought with his wings to stye aboue the ground [...].
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: From this lower tract he dared to stie up to the clowdes.
ref: 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Muiopotmos, or The Fate of the Butterflie”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:
text: Led along, as some Creatures are, by the Noses, and voluntarily hood-winked; or like seeled Doves, sty up, you know not whither, nor how far.
ref: 1621, Richard Montague, Diatribae upon the first part of the late History of Tithes:
text: That she might sty to the seat of Beatifick Mirth.
ref: 1652, Edward Benlowes, Theophila, or Love's Sacrifice:
glosses: To ascend, rise up, climb.
Derived terms: styan
styey
stirrup
Related terms: stile
sty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /staɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: stye
Forms: form: sties
Etymology: From Middle English stien, stiȝen, stighen, from Old English stīgan (“to go; ascend, mount”), from Proto-West Germanic *stīgan, from Proto-Germanic *stīganą, from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-.
Cognate with Dutch stijgen, German steigen, Danish stige, Norwegian Bokmål stige, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish stiga, Old Norse stíga.
Senses: glosses: A ladder.
sty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /staɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
homophone: stye
Forms: form: sties
form: stye
Etymology: From Middle English styanye, mistaken as "sty on eye" yet composed of Old English stīġend (“sty”, literally “riser”), agent noun from stīgan (“to rise”) + Middle English yë (“eye”).
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: An inflammation of the eyelid.
subject matter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: subject matters
form: subject-matter
Senses: examples: text: The appearance of the book is as unattractive as its subject-matter. It has been reproduced from typescript by photolithography, as many theses are in these days of expensive printing; but the copy photographed has been carelessly typed on a machine with a defective spacing-mechanism and a number of damaged characters; to make matters worse, the typist has failed to keep the type clean.
ref: 1965, A. J. Bliss, “Die Reception des a-nasalis romanischer Lehnwörter im Mittelenglischen und seine Weiterentwicklung in Standard u. Dialekten by Ursula Schmidt. Heidelberg, 1963. xliii + 313 pp.”, in Medium Ævum, volume 34, number 2, Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature, →DOI, page 174:
text: When it was released in 2005, Brokeback Mountain entered the collective consciousness in a way that is vanishingly rare for a film with queer subject matter.
ref: 2025 June 20, Nick Levine, “'In every theatre, people would leave': How 'gay cowboy movie' Brokeback Mountain challenged Hollywood – and the US”, in BBC:
glosses: The matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study.
sober
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: note: r
enpr: sō'bə
ipa: /ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/
ipa: /ˈsoʊ.bɚ/
rhymes: -əʊbə(ɹ)
homophone: soba (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: sobers
form: sobering
form: sobered
form: sobered
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English sober, from Old French sobre, from Latin sōbrius, from se- (“without”) + ebrius (“intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”). In the sense "not drunk," displaced native undrunken, from Old English undruncen.
Senses: examples: text: There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, / And drinking largely sobers us again.
ref: 1711, Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism:
text: The night air may have sobered him a bit by the time they got back to Beattock.
ref: 1950 January, David L. Smith, “A Runaway at Beattock”, in Railway Magazine, page 53:
glosses: To make or become sober.
examples: text: It took him hours to sober up.
glosses: To overcome or lose a state of intoxication.
examples: text: Losing his job was a sobering experience.
glosses: To moderate one's feelings; to accept a disappointing reality after losing one's ability to believe in a fantastic goal.
subside
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /sʌbˈsaɪd/
ipa: /səbˈsaɪd/
rhymes: -aɪd
Forms: form: subsides
form: subsiding
form: subsided
form: subsided
Etymology: From Latin subsīdō (“I settle, subside”).
Senses: glosses: To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.
examples: text: An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed.
ref: 1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The subsidence problem”, in Trains Illustrated, page 651:
glosses: To fall downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink.
examples: text: The sea subsides.
text: The tumults of war will subside.
text: The fever has subsided.
text: Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped ; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth and heaping kindling on the coals,[…].
ref: 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
text: I've been meaning to tell you / I've got this feelin' that won't subside / I look at you and I fantasize
ref: 1987, John DeNicola, Franke Previte, “Hungry Eyes”, performed by Eric Carmen:
glosses: To fall into a state of calm; to be calm again; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate.
glosses: To cease talking.
Derived terms: subsided
subsiding
Related terms: subsidize
subsidy
subsist
subsidence
subsistence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈsɪstəns/
Forms: form: subsistences
form: subsistance
Etymology: From Middle English subsistence; partly from Middle French subsistence (modern French subsistance) and partly from its etymon Late Latin subsistentia (“substance, reality, in Medieval Latin also stability”), from Latin subsistēns, present participle of subsistere (“to continue, subsist”). Perhaps also partly from subsist + -ence.
Senses: examples: text: the human nature loseth its proper subsistence , and is assumed into the subsistence of the divine nature
ref: 1686, Edward Stillingfleet, the Doctrines and Practices of the Church of Rome:
glosses: Real being; existence.
glosses: The act of maintaining oneself at a minimum level.
examples: text: the subsistence of qualities in bodies
glosses: Inherency.
examples: text: In the general course of human nature, a power over a man's subsistence amounts to a power over his will.
ref: 1788, Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist, Dawson, Federalist 79, page 548:
text: His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province.
ref: 1716 February 3 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 10. Monday, January 23. [1716.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:
glosses: Something (food, water, money, etc.) that is required to stay alive.
topics: lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: Embodiment or personification or hypostasis of an underlying principle or quality.
Synonyms: sense: something required to stay alive
word: sustenance
topics: theology
religion
lifestyle
word: hypostasis
Derived terms: consubsistence
subsistence crop
subsistence economy
subsistence farming
subsistence level
subsistential
Related terms: subsist
subsistent
subsume
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈsjuːm/
ipa: /səbˈsuːm/
rhymes: -uːm
Forms: form: subsumes
form: subsuming
form: subsumed
form: subsumed
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin subsūmere, from sub- + sūmō (“I take”). Compare English consume.
Senses: examples: Near-synonym: comprise
March 14, 2018, Roger Penrose writing in The Guardian, Mind over matter': Stephen Hawking – obituary
A few years later (in a paper published by the Royal Society in 1970, by which time Hawking had become a fellow “for distinction in science” of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge), he and I joined forces to publish an even more powerful theorem which subsumed almost all the work in this area that had gone before.
1961: J. A. Philip. Mimesis in the Sophistês of Plato. In: Proceedings and Transactions of the American Philological Association 92. p. 453--468.
no allusion is made to forms because Plato is subsuming under the class of productive crafts both divine and human imitation;
glosses: To place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include or contain something else.
synonyms: colligate
glosses: To consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule.
Related terms: subsumable
subsumation
subsumption
subvert
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈvɜːt/
enpr: səbvûrtʹ
ipa: /səbˈvɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: subverts
form: subverting
form: subverted
form: subverted
Etymology: From Middle English subverten, from Old French subvertir, from Latin subvertō (“to overthrow”, literally “to underturn, turn from beneath”).
Senses: examples: text: He […] razeth your cities, and subverts your towns.
ref: 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:
text: , Book IV, Chapter XVIII
This would be to subvert the principles and foundations of all knowledge.
glosses: To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly.
examples: text: The oppressive regime stays in power only as long as they manage to subvert the will of the people.
glosses: To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt; to confound.
glosses: To upturn convention from the foundation by undermining it (literally, to turn from beneath).
Derived terms: subversion
subversive
subvert
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈvɜːt/
enpr: səbvûrtʹ
ipa: /səbˈvɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
ipa: /ˈsʌbvət/
enpr: sŭbʹvûrt
ipa: /ˈsʌbvɚt/
rhymes: -ʌbvə(ɹ)t
ipa: /səbˈvɜːt/
enpr: səbvûrtʹ
ipa: /səbˈvɝt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: subverts
Etymology: Back-formation from subvertising, by analogy with advert.
Senses: glosses: An advertisement created by subvertising.
Synonyms: subvertisement
succeed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səkˈsiːd/
rhymes: -iːd
Forms: form: succede
Senses: glosses: Misconstruction of secede.
Synonyms: word: come after
word: ensue
word: follow
word: follow on
word: succeed
Related terms: word: deserve
word: receive
successful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: sək-sĕsʹfəl
ipa: /səkˈsɛs.fəl/
ipa: [səkˈsɛs.fɫ̩]
Forms: form: more successful
form: most successful
Etymology: From success + -ful.
Senses: examples: text: a successful use of medicine; a successful experiment; a successful enterprise
text: If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the ever more expensive and then universally known killing hazards of gasoline cars: […] .
ref: 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion:
text: The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you[…]"share the things you love with the world" and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.
ref: 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 27:
synonyms: word: efficacious
word: effective
word: fruitful
word: rewarding
word: accomplished
word: profitable
word: bustling
word: flourishing
word: fortunate
word: lucky
word: privileged
word: prosperous
word: roaring
word: successful
word: thriving
word: wealful
antonyms: unsuccessful
failed
glosses: Resulting in success; assuring or promoting success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect.
Derived terms: behind every successful man there stands a woman
successfully
successfulness
Related terms: success
suffice
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈfaɪs/
ipa: /səˈfʌɪs/
ipa: /ˈsʌ.fɪs/
ipa: /səˈfaɪz/
ipa: /səˈfɑes/
ipa: /səˈfaɪs/
ipa: [səˈfɑe̯s]
rhymes: -aɪs
rhymes: -ɪs
Forms: form: suffices
form: sufficing
form: sufficed
form: sufficed
Etymology: From Middle English suffisen, from Middle French souffire, from Latin sufficiō (“supply, be adequate”), from sub (“under”) + faciō (“do, make”). Cognate with French suffire.
Senses: examples: text: For this plum cake, two eggs should suffice.
text: To recount almighty works, / What words or tongue of seraph can suffice?
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
glosses: To be enough or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be adequate; to be good enough.
examples: text: A joint of lamb sufficed even his enormous appetite.
text: Lord Brougham's salary would have sufficed more than ninety Prussian judges.
ref: 1838, The Church of England quarterly review, page 203:
glosses: To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of.
examples: text: During the festival, the temple suffices food to the beggars.
text: The king sufficed his army with food and weapons before the great battle.
glosses: To furnish; to supply adequately.
Synonyms: sense: be enough
word: work
word: do
Derived terms: suffice it to say
Related terms: satisfice
sufficient
sufficient
Language: English
Part of speech: det
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈfɪʃənt/
rhymes: -ɪʃənt
Forms: form: suff.
Etymology: From Old French sufisanz, soficient, from Latin sufficiēns, present participle of sufficiō.
Senses: examples: text: We have sufficient supplies to last the winter.
text: There is not sufficient access to the Internet in many small rural villages.
glosses: An adequate quantity of; enough.
examples: text: We don't need any more; we already have sufficient.
text: Sufficient of us are against this idea that we should stop now.
glosses: A quantity (of something) that is as large as is needed.
raw_tags: as pronoun
Derived terms: principle of sufficient reason
sufficient condition
sufficient
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /səˈfɪʃənt/
rhymes: -ɪʃənt
Forms: form: more sufficient
form: most sufficient
form: suff.
Etymology: From Old French sufisanz, soficient, from Latin sufficiēns, present participle of sufficiō.
Senses: examples: text: This is a necessary condition but not a sufficient one.
glosses: Of a type or kind that suffices, that satisfies requirements or needs.
examples: text: They felt sufficient to maintain their present prosperity and independence.
ref: 1842, Nathanael Emmons, Jacob Ide, Social and civil duties, page 456:
text: I have never yet felt adequate. I have never yet felt sufficient.
ref: 1983, John MacArthur, Spiritual Gifts, →ISBN, page 98:
glosses: Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power or ability; qualified; fit.
examples: text: ...to take the best ways we can, to make it known to the Duke of York; for, till Sir J. Minnes be removed, and a sufficient man brought into W. Pen's place, when he is gone, it is impossible for this Office ever to support itself.
ref: 1668 December 23, Samuel Pepys, Diary of Samuel Pepys:
glosses: Capable of meeting obligations; responsible.
examples: text: I shall in this place only mention that qualification by wealth; the rather, being applyed to the deputies of towns and citties, where they use to say of a rich man, he is a very sufficient man : and the other sufficiencies and qualifications are mentioned on other occasions.
ref: 1766, Bulstrode Whitlocke, Charles Morton, Whitelockes Notes Uppon The Kings Writt For Choosing Members Of Parlement:
text: Some persons have been called, who have proved (it is true) that he was insufficient at that time, and could not pay more than 3 or 4,000l.; but the same witnesses give an account, that his ill circumstances were then known but to four or five persons of his acquaintance, and that by all other people, who had any knowledge of him at that time, he was looked upon to be very sufficient ; he had left off his business upon having raised an estate; he was of good reputation: he lived at Hackne in a house making a good appearance, with good furniture, and a great quantity of plate, till the last, till the time of his being put in prison, which was not till last year, that he surrendered himself in discharge of his bail.
ref: 1816, Thomas Bayly Howell, Thomas Jones Howell, A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783:
text: The second in the Hong, Mowgua, has been a man of large property, but he is of more questionable property now ; I consider him still to be a very sufficient merchant.
ref: 1830, Great Britain Parliament House of Commons, Select Committee on the East India Company, Reports from the Select Committee[s] of the House of Commons Appointed to Enquire into the Present State of the Affairs of the East-India Company:
glosses: Having enough money to meet obligations and live comfortably.
Derived terms: law of sufficient reason
sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof
self-sufficient
sufficiency
sufficiently
Related terms: suffice
adequate
ample
enough
plenty
suite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: swēt
ipa: /swiːt/
rhymes: -iːt
homophone: sweet
note: spelling pronunciation
enpr: syo͞ot
note: Indic
ipa: /sjuːʈ/
rhymes: -uːt
homophone: suit
Forms: form: suites
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French suite. See also the doublet suit.
Senses: examples: text: [A]s to men, we shall live altogether at the Duc de Romagnecourt's, his suite of servants will be ours.
ref: 1792, Charlotte Smith, Desmond, Broadview, published 2001, page 259:
glosses: A group or train of attendants, servants etc.; a retinue.
examples: text: a suite of rooms
text: a suite of minerals
text: Secondly, I continue to base my concepts on intensive study of a limited suite of collections, rather than superficial study of every packet that comes to hand.
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:
text: The huge square box, parquet-floored and high-ceilinged, had been arranged to display a suite of bedroom furniture designed and made in the halcyon days of the last quarter of the nineteenth century,[…].
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
glosses: A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things used or classed together.
examples: text: The Presidential suite is well appointed and allows for good security.
glosses: A group of connected rooms, usually separable from other rooms by means of access.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A musical form, popular before the time of the sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: An excerpt of instrumental music from a larger work that contains other elements besides the music; for example, the Nutcracker Suite is the music (but not the dancing) from the ballet The Nutcracker, and the Carmen Suite is the instrumental music (but not the singing and dancing) from the opera Carmen.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A group of related computer programs distributed together.
Hyponyms: word: bridal suite
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: office suite
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: test suite
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
sciences
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
word: validation suite
topics: music
entertainment
lifestyle
word: dance suite
Derived terms: bridal suite
cottage suite
C-suite
droit de suite
en-suite
en suite
garage suite
gifting suite
gift suite
granny suite
income suite
in-law suite
Jack and Jill suite
secondary suite
three-piece suite
Related terms: ensuite
sunflower
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ə/
ipa: /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.əɹ/
rhymes: -ʌnflaʊə(ɹ)
Forms: form: sunflowers
Etymology: From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.
Senses: examples: text: The flowers glowed red and golden: snapdragons and sunflowers, and nasturtians trailing all over the turf walls and peeping in at the round windows.
ref: 1954 July 29, J.R.R. Tolkien, “I: A Long-Expected Party”, in The Fellowship of the Ring (The Lord of the Rings; 1), →ISBN:
text: The low-beamed Bell Inn, believed to date from 1520, is locally renowned for its garden where giant sunflowers grow. In 1978, one reached the spectacular height of 23 ft 6 in.
ref: 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 214, about Halton Holegate:
glosses: Any plant of the genus Helianthus, so called probably from the form and color of its floral head, having the form of a large disk surrounded by yellow ray flowers.
glosses: Any plant of the genus Helianthus, so called probably from the form and color of its floral head, having the form of a large disk surrounded by yellow ray flowers.
The commonly cultivated species, Helianthus annuus, a native of America.
glosses: A bright yellow, like that of the flower petals.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any flat, radially symmetric organic compound, such as coronene.
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: Synonym of worm-star.
synonyms: word: worm-star
topics: rail-transport
railways
transport
glosses: An Automatic Warning System (AWS) indicator in the driver's cab that is displayed after a driver has acknowledged an audible warning, which consists of a yellow circle enclosing a white circle, with black spokes overlaid.
Synonyms: sunbloom
turnsole
Derived terms: beach sunflower
bush sunflower
Maximilian sunflower
Mexican sunflower
paradox sunflower
red sunflower
sea sunflower
sunflower beetle
sunflower bread
Sunflower County
sunflowered
sunflowerlike
sunflower moth
sunflower oil
sunflower sea star
sunflower seed
sunflower star
sunflowery
The Sunflower State
Related terms: sunchoke
blueweed
girasol
helianthus
Jerusalem artichoke
moonflower
sunless
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more sunless
form: most sunless
Etymology: From sun + -less.
Senses: examples: text: In Xanadu did Kubla Khan / A stately pleasure-dome decree: / Where Alph, the sacred river, ran / Through caverns measureless to man / Down to a sunless sea.
ref: 1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Kubla Khan: Or A Vision in a Dream”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 55:
glosses: Without the sun or sunshine; shaded; shadowed.
examples: text: When I first saw her, her countenance was sunless, her complexion colourless; she looked like one who had no source of enjoyment, no store of bliss anywhere in the world.
ref: 1857, Charlotte Brontë, chapter 18, in The Professor:
synonyms: word: bleak
word: gloomy
word: cheerless
word: comfortless
word: bleak
word: dark
word: depressing
word: desolate
word: dire
word: disconsolate
word: dismal
word: doleful
word: dolesome
word: drear
word: drearisome
word: dreary
word: dreich
word: forlorn
word: gayless
word: gray
word: gloomsome
word: gloomy
word: grim
word: joyless
word: lack-laughter
word: lugubrious
word: melancholy
word: mirthless
word: miserable
word: no joke
word: saturnine
word: solemn
word: somber
word: sombre
word: spiritless
word: sullen
word: sunless
word: uncheerful
word: uncheery
word: unhappy
word: unmerry
word: wintry
word: woeful
glosses: Dreary, cheerless.
Derived terms: sunlessly
sunlessness
superstructure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: superstructures
Etymology: From super- + structure.
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: Any structure built above the top full deck (FM 55-501).
examples: text: The Wards are open-topped, with skyscrapers rising from the superstructure. Towers are sealed against vacuum, as the breathable atmosphere envelope is only maintained to a height of about seven meters. The atmosphere is contained by the centrifugal force of rotation and a "membrane" of dense, colorless sulphur hexafluoride gas, held in place by carefully managed mass effect fields.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel Station: Wards Codex entry:
glosses: Any material structure or edifice built on something else; that which is raised on a foundation or basis.
glosses: All that part of a building above the basement.
qualifier: railroad
glosses: The sleepers and fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed.
examples: text: The superstructure evolves more slowly and is more resistant to change than the economic infrastructure, especially in the modern industrial age of advanced capitalism.
ref: 1995, Richard Appignanesi, Chris Garratt, Postmodernism for Beginners, Icon Books, →ISBN, page 9:
antonyms: base
infrastructure
substructure
glosses: The social sphere of ideology which includes religion, art, politics, law and all traditional values.
surmise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɜːˈmaɪz/
ipa: /sɚˈmaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: surmises
Etymology: From Old French surmis, past participle of surmetre, surmettre (“to accuse”), from sur- (“upon”) + metre (“to put”).
Senses: examples: text: surmises of jealousy or of envy
text: This opinion, however, is merely a surmise, which may or may not be the case.
text: But ſurely no Man whatſoever ought in Justice or good Manners to be charged with Principles he actually diſowns, unleſs his Practices do openly and without the leaſt Room for Doubt, contradict his Profeſſion: Not upon ſmall Surmiſes, or becauſe he has the Miſfortune to have Ill Men ſometimes agree with him in a few general Sentiments.
ref: 1721, anonymous [Jonathan Swift], “The Sentiments of a Church of England-man with Respect to Religion and Government. Written in the Year, 1708”, in Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, 4th edition, Dublin: Printed by S. Fairbrother, book-seller, and are to be sold at his shop in Skinner-Row, over against the Tholsel, →OCLC, page 61:
text: The meeting had been devoid of incident. No word had been said to give me anything to think about, and any surmises I might make were unwarranted. I was intrigued.
ref: 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter 32, in The Moon and Sixpence: A Novel (Heinemann's Colonial Library of Popular Fiction), London: William Heinemann, →OCLC:
text: In short, the chances of the Princes Street terminal's survival seem unsure, though at the moment these views are no more than surmise.
ref: 1962 April, “Talking of Trains: The future of Princes Street”, in Modern Railways, page 227:
synonyms: word: assumption
word: conjecture
word: educated guess
word: foreguess
word: given
word: guess
word: guesstimate
word: hunch
word: hypothesis
word: inference
word: overhope
word: posit
word: possibility
word: postulation
word: presumption
word: reckoning
word: speculation
word: supposition
word: surmise
word: suspicion
word: theory
word: working hypothesis
glosses: Thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess.
examples: text: My Thought, whoſe Murther yet is but fantaſticall, / Shakes ſo my ſingle ſtate of Man, / That Function is ſmother'd in ſurmiſe, / And nothing is, but what is not.
ref: c.''' 1606?, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act I, scene iii, page 133:
text: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken; / Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes / He star'd at the Pacific—and all his men / Look'd at each other with a wild surmise— / Silent, upon a peak in Darien.
ref: 1816 December 1, John Keats, “[Sonnets.] Sonnet XI. On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer.”, in Poems, London: […] [Charles Richards] for C[harles] & J[ames] Ollier, […], published 3 March 1817, →OCLC; reprinted in Poems (The Noel Douglas Replicas), London: Noel Douglas, 1927, →OCLC, page 89:
glosses: Reflection; thought; posit.
surmise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /sɜːˈmaɪz/
ipa: /sɚˈmaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: surmises
form: surmising
form: surmised
form: surmised
Etymology: From Old French surmis, past participle of surmetre, surmettre (“to accuse”), from sur- (“upon”) + metre (“to put”).
Senses: examples: text: If, as I surmise, you see the ladies this evening, you might mention my intended visit.
synonyms: word: arread
word: assume
word: fancy
word: conject
word: conjecture
word: daresay
word: dope
word: foreguess
word: go out on a limb
word: guess
word: guesstimate
word: hunch
word: hypothesize
word: hypotheticate
word: imagine
word: infer
word: overhope
word: posit
word: postulate
word: presume
word: reckon
word: speculate
word: suppose
word: surmise
word: suspect
word: take a stab at
word: take for granted
raw_tags: of things
word: take something as read
word: theorize
word: ween
glosses: To imagine or suspect; to conjecture; to posit with contestable premises.
Derived terms: surmisable
surmiser
moderate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɒdəɹət/
enpr: mäd'ər-ət
ipa: /ˈmɑdəɹət/
ipa: /ˈmɒdəɹət/
enpr: mäd'ər-ət
ipa: /ˈmɑdəɹət/
Forms: form: more moderate
form: most moderate
Etymology: From Middle English moderat(e) (“moderate, temperate”), borrowed from Latin moderātus, perfect active participle of moderor (“regulate, restrain, moderate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from moder-, modes-, a stem appearing also in modestus (“moderate, discreet, modest”), from modus (“measure”); see mode and modest. Doublet of moderato. Displaced native Old English ġemetlīċ (“moderate”) and metegian (“to moderate”). Cognate with French modéré.
Senses: examples: text: moderate language
text: a moderate Calvinist
text: travelling at a moderate speed
text: A number of moderate members managed […] to obtain a majority in a thin house.
ref: 1731, Jonathan Swift, The Presbyterians Plea of Merit:
glosses: Not excessive; acting in moderation
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: more than mild, less than severe
glosses: Mediocre
glosses: Average priced; standard-deal
examples: text: a moderate winter
text: These are called the Islands of the Blest; rains fall there seldom, and in moderate showers, but for the most part they have gentle breezes, bringing along with them soft dews
ref: 1859, Arthur Hugh Clough, Life of Sertorius:
glosses: Not violent or rigorous; temperate; mild; gentle.
topics: government
politics
glosses: Having an intermediate position between liberal and conservative.
Synonyms: word: measured
word: mellow
word: middle of the road
word: mild
word: moderate
word: nonexcessive
word: nonextreme
word: nonfanatic
word: proper
word: reasonable
word: reasonous
word: sober
word: temperate
word: tempered
word: unexcessive
word: unextreme
Hyponyms: word: frugal
word: gentle
word: lax
word: lenient
word: unadorned
Derived terms: moderate breeze
moderately
moderateness
moderatism
moderatist
nonmoderate
ultramoderate
unmoderate
Related terms: word: balanced
word: suitable
word: intermediate
moderate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: moderates
Etymology: From a substantivization of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.
Senses: examples: text: While the moderates usually propose political compromise, it's often only achieved when the extremists allow them so
text: The moderates are the natural advocates of ecumenism against the fanatics of their churches.
text: On the other side, RMT General Secretary Mick Lynch (a moderate) has to contend with the hardliners on his executive, whose intentions go way beyond trying to sort out their members' terms and conditions.
ref: 2022 June 29, Christian Wolmar, “Strike settlement held back by ministers”, in RAIL, number 960, page 43:
glosses: One who holds an intermediate position between extremes, as in politics.
topics: Christianity
glosses: One of a party in Scottish Church history dominant in the 18th century, lax in doctrine and discipline, but intolerant of evangelicalism and popular rights. It caused the secessions of 1733 and 1761, and its final resultant was the Disruption of 1843.
moderate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/
enpr: mäd'ə-rāt
ipa: /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/
enpr: mäd'ə-rāt
ipa: /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/
Forms: form: moderates
form: moderating
form: moderated
form: moderated
Etymology: From Middle English moderaten (“to restrain, curb; (law) modify”), from moderat(e) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin moderātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.
Senses: examples: text: to moderate rage, action, desires, etc.
text: By its astringent Quality, it moderates the relaxing quality of warm Water.
ref: 1731, John Arbuthnot, An Essay Concerning the Nature of Aliments, and the Choice of Them, According to the Different Constitutions of Human Bodies. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC:
text: This leaves two strategies to increase the current in a positron beam. First is to provide a stronger positron source and second is to develop a more efficient method to moderate the source positrons into a monoenergetic beam.
ref: 2000, Paul G. Coleman, Positron Beams and Their Applications, page 309:
synonyms: accoy
mitigate
soften
temper
temperate
glosses: To reduce the excessiveness of (something).
examples: text: He used to be an extremist but moderated later in life.
synonyms: cool
settle down
soften
glosses: To become less excessive.
examples: text: to moderate a synod
synonyms: arbitrate
chair
glosses: To preside over (something) as a moderator.
examples: text: In the comment section, the moderator was moderating.
glosses: To act as a moderator; to assist in bringing to compromise.
examples: text: a graphite-moderated reactor
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: To supply with a moderator (substance that decreases the speed of neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increases likelihood of fission).
Derived terms: automoderate
metamoderate
moderating
moderation
moderative
nonmoderated
overmoderate
remoderate
retromoderate
unmoderated
unmoderating
Related terms: modal
modality
mode
model
moderator
module
surplus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/
ipa: /ˈsɝpləs/
ipa: /ˈsɜːpləs/
homophone: surplice (one pronunciation)
Forms: form: surpluses
form: surplusses
Etymology: From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.
Senses: synonyms: word: overquantity
word: oversum
word: superabundance
word: abundance
word: acrasia
word: acrasy
word: excess
word: excessiveness
word: exuberance
word: copiousness
word: fecundity
word: fertileness
word: fertility
word: fruitfulness
word: fulth
word: glut
word: immoderation
word: incontinence
word: intemperance
word: mountain
word: nimiety
word: overabundance
word: overage
word: overflow
word: overplus
word: overquantity
word: oversum
word: plenteousness
word: plentifulness
word: plenty
word: plethora
word: productiveness
word: profusion
word: superabundance
word: superaddition
word: superfluity
word: superfluousness
word: superflux
word: superplus
word: surfeit
word: surplus
word: surplusage
word: uberty
word: ug
antonyms: deficit
lack
shortage
glosses: That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus; overage.
glosses: Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
topics: law
glosses: The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
topics: law
glosses: assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.
surplus
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/
ipa: /ˈsɝpləs/
ipa: /ˈsɜːpləs/
homophone: surplice (one pronunciation)
Etymology: From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.
Senses: examples: text: surplus population
text: surplus words
text: The latest shipment of goods is surplus to our needs.
text: But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.
ref: 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:
text: An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
ref: 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):
synonyms: excess
offcut
glosses: Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.
surplus
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/
ipa: /ˈsɝpləs/
ipa: /ˈsɜːpləs/
homophone: surplice (one pronunciation)
Forms: form: surpluses
form: surplusses
form: surplusing
form: surplussing
form: surplused
form: surplused
form: surplussed
form: surplussed
Etymology: From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.
Senses: examples: text: This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]
ref: 1952, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, Moroccan air base construction. 2 v, page 618:
glosses: To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
Derived terms: agricultural surplus
capital surplus
consumer surplus
producer surplus
surplus killing
surplus labour
surplus to requirements
surplus value
trade surplus