cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
informant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈfɔːmənt/
ipa: /ɪnˈfɔɹmənt/
Forms: form: informants
Etymology: From inform + -ant.
Senses: examples: text: One of her chief informants is Alicent’s handmaiden Talya (Alexis Rabin), whose inside info runs so deep that she’s the first to catch wind of Viserys’ death.
ref: 2022 October 16, Jenna Scherer, “An enticing House Of The Dragon crowns Westeros' new ruler”, in AV Club:
glosses: One who relays confidential information to someone, especially to the police; an informer.
examples: text: The only material the linguist has to begin with are the informant's grammatical utterances in the target language pronounced arbitrarily in a natural or assigned communicative situation or stimulated artificially by the investigator.
ref: 1977, A. E. Kibrik, The methodology of field investigations in linguistics:
text: The informant learns his language by formal training and, more importantly, by constant exposure to its use. He cannot repeat to the linguist what he has never seen or heard.
ref: 2003, Sergei Nirenburg, H. L. Somers, Yorick Wilks, Readings in machine translation, page 116:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A native speaker who acts as a linguistic reference for a language being studied. The informant demonstrates native pronunciation, provides grammaticality judgments regarding linguistic well-formedness, and may also explain cultural references and other important contextual information.
Synonyms: word: abaddon
word: accuser
word: beefer
word: bewrayer
word: bigmouth
word: blabber
word: blabtale
word: blabtongue
word: canary
word: CI
word: finger
word: fink
word: fizgig
word: gossip
word: grass
word: informant
word: informer
word: jurat
word: leak
word: mole
word: narc
word: nark
word: nonce
word: outer
word: peacher
word: quisling
word: rat
word: ratfink
word: rooster
word: sneak
word: snitch
word: snout
word: squealer
word: state's evidence
word: stooge
word: stool pigeon
word: stoolie
word: supergrass
word: sycophant
word: tattler
word: tattletale
word: telltale tit
word: telltale
word: tout
word: whistleblower
Hypernyms: word: traitor
Derived terms: confidential informant
disinformant
misinformant
multiinformant
Related terms: word: name names
word: rat out
word: gossiper
citizenly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more citizenly
form: most citizenly
Etymology: From citizen + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to citizens.
Derived terms: citizenliness
uncitizenly
citizenly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more citizenly
form: most citizenly
Etymology: From citizen + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In the manner of a citizen.
glosses: In regards to citizens.
citizenry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: citizenries
Etymology: From citizen + -ry.
Senses: examples: text: It's one of the main selling points of the prison business: that they keep the sexually non-conformist or "deviant" out of sight of the respectable citizenry, especially to "protect" the children.
ref: 1983 December 10, Mike Riegle, “Sexual Politics of "Crime": Inside and Out”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 21, page 5:
glosses: The group of all citizens; citizens taken collectively.
corn dog
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: corn dogs
form: corndog
Etymology: Blend of cornbread + hotdog.
Senses: synonyms: word: dagwood dog
word: Pluto pup
glosses: A hot dog coated in cornbread batter and deep-fried in hot oil.
up to eleven
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌʌp tə ɪˈlɛvən/
ipa: /ˌʌp tə ɪˈlɛvən/
ipa: /-əˈlɛvən/
rhymes: -ɛvən
Forms: form: ups to eleven
form: upping to eleven
form: upped to eleven
form: upped to eleven
Etymology: PIE word
 *h₁óynos
The term refers to a scene in the mockumentary This is Spinal Tap (1984), in which the character Nigel Tufnel, the lead guitarist of the band Spinal Tap, shows the director of the documentary Marty DiBergi a guitar amplifier with setting knobs that go from zero to eleven, rather than the standard zero to ten.
Senses: glosses: To increase (something) to an extremely high or strong degree; to make (something) go over the top.
woodlouse spider
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: woodlouse spiders
Senses: glosses: a European spider, Dysdera crocata, introduced to the United States, that feeds mainly on woodlice; it has a painful, but not normally dangerous, bite
glosses: any of various other spiders of the family Dysderidae.
plafond
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pləˈfɒn(d)/
Forms: form: plafonds
Etymology: From French plafond (“ceiling”).
Senses: glosses: A ceiling, especially one that is ornately decorated.
glosses: A painting or decoration on a ceiling.
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
glosses: The tibial plafond.
poort
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: poorts
Senses: glosses: A mountain pass.
disorganized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈɔːɡənaɪzd/
Forms: form: more disorganized
form: most disorganized
form: disorganised
Senses: examples: text: If we fail to repulse the enemy within the gates--unemployment, poverty, disorganized agriculture and the like--from whence may we expect the united strength and clear purpose to repulse any outside force?
ref: 1939 December 5, J. W. Studebaker, Democracy Shall Not Be Plowed Under, page 9:
glosses: Lacking order or organization; confused; chaotic.
examples: text: He is quite disorganized and has difficulty planning his day or remembering when his homework is due.
glosses: Lacking skills for organizing one's affairs.
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: In a state of disruption of orderly psychological functioning; engaging in behavior that is chaotic, self-contradictory, or out of keeping with reality; (of a mental illness) poorly controlled and leading to a disorganized state.
disorganized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈɔːɡənaɪzd/
Forms: form: disorganised
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of disorganize
Derived terms: disorganizedly
disorganized schizophrenia
undisorganized
Related terms: unorganized
verf
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: verfs
Etymology: Shortening of vertex figure.
Senses: examples: text: The regular polyhedra include the five Platonic solids and the four Kepler-Poinsot solids. Their faces are all regular and congruent as well as their vertices and edges. Their verfs are regular also.
ref: 2012, Jonathan Bowers, Uniform Polyhedra and Other Three Dimensional Shapes:
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: vertex figure
disorganised
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈɔː.ɡən.aɪzd/
Forms: form: more disorganised
form: most disorganised
form: disorganized
Senses: glosses: Lacking order or organisation; confused; chaotic.
Synonyms: shambolic
Derived terms: disorganisedly
disorganised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈɔː.ɡən.aɪzd/
Forms: form: disorganized
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of disorganise
impartiality
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: impartialities
Etymology: From Middle French impartialité. By surface analysis, impartial + -ity = im- + partial + -ity.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being impartial; fairness.
Synonyms: impartialness
disinterested § Synonyms
deel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deels
Etymology: Borrowed from Mongolian дээл (deel)/ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ (debel).
Senses: examples: text: As I stood just below that statue, close to seven hundred Mongolians organized themselves for a picture. Most were dressed in traditional formal wear--beautifully colored deal.
ref: 2019, Lawrence Lessig, They Don't Represent Us: Reclaiming Our Democracy:
glosses: A traditional Mongolian cloak, traditionally worn with a sash.
lay a finger on
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: lays a finger on
form: laying a finger on
form: laid a finger on
form: laid a finger on
Etymology: From Middle English fynger on (hem) to leyn (“touch (someone) with hostile intent”).
Senses: examples: text: If you lay a finger on my little brother, I'll have your guts for garters.
glosses: To merely touch.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see lay, a, finger, on: to finger
dubbel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dubbels
Senses: examples: text: Dubbels typically have a rich, complex, malt-centered personality and a copper or caramel color.
ref: 2017, Janet Fletcher, Cheese & Beer, page 35:
glosses: A kind of strong brown beer, originally from Belgian Trappist monasteries.
Coordinate terms: tripel
four eyes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -aɪz
Forms: form: four eyes
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of four-eyes.
bespectacled
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɪˈspɛktəkəld/
Forms: form: more bespectacled
form: most bespectacled
Etymology: From be- + spectacle + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: The Commissioner, ascetic-looking, an Oxford graduate, narrow-shouldered and elderly, tired-eyed and bespectacled like the scholar he was, like the scientist he was, shrugged his shoulders.
ref: 1917 April, Jack London, chapter XXIV, in Jerry of the Islands, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 329:
text: Solanka was uninterested in this bow-tied, bespectacled, markedly un-Jedi-knight-like young man, and as a former science-fiction buff despised the lowbrow space opera of the Star Wars cycle.
ref: 2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 34:
text: The choristers were as bespectacled as the audience. Are Protestants more bespectacled than Catholics because of too much Bible reading?
ref: 2002, Steven Barclay, A Place in the World Called Paris, page 149:
synonyms: word: beglassed
word: eyeglassed
word: four-eyed
word: glassesed
word: spectacled
antonyms: unbespectacled
unspectacled
glosses: Wearing spectacles (glasses).
Related terms: spectacles
begoggled
impartialist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: impartialists
Etymology: From impartial + -ist.
Senses: glosses: A proponent of impartialism.
impartially
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more impartially
form: most impartially
Etymology: From impartial + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an impartial manner; fairly.
tt
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of teetotal.
dwelling-place
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dwelling-places
form: dwelling place
Senses: glosses: A place where one dwells.
Synonyms: abode
dwelling
woning
dwelling place
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dwelling places
form: dwelling-place
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of dwelling-place.
well-thewed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: better-thewed
form: more well-thewed
form: best-thewed
form: most well-thewed
form: well thewed
form: wellthewed
Etymology: From Middle English wel-thewed, wel thewed, equivalent to well + thewed.
Senses: glosses: Good in manner, habit, form, or construction; well-mannered; well-done.
examples: text: Olaf was early a well-thewed man, goodly to look at, of middle height, and wise and deft of speech he was at an early age.
ref: 1894, Eiríkr Magnússon, William Morris, The Saga Library - Volume 4:
glosses: Having an attractive physical appearance or strong muscles.
impoverish
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃ/
Forms: form: impoverishes
form: impoverishing
form: impoverished
form: impoverished
Etymology: From Middle English impoverishen, empoverishen, from Old French empoverir, from em- + povre, from Latin pauper (“poor”) (English poor).
Senses: glosses: To make poor.
examples: text: That exuberant crop quickly impoverishes any fertile soil.
text: To many of us, organized religion is obnoxious. Yet if we throw out the sense of peace, order and joy that flows from religious ritual, we impoverish ourselves.
ref: 1979 December 22, Nancy Walker, “The Reaffirmation of Life”, in Gay Community News, volume 2, number 22, page 16:
glosses: To weaken in quality; to deprive of some strength or richness.
glosses: To become poor.
Synonyms: sense: to make poor
word: ruin
sense: to make poor
word: poor
sense: to weaken or deprive
word: deplete
Derived terms: impoverishee
impoverisher
impoverishment
Related terms: immiserate
impoverishment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: impoverishments
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman empoverissement, from the Old French verb empoverir. By surface analysis, impoverish + -ment.
Senses: glosses: The action of impoverishing someone.
glosses: The state of being impoverished.
Synonyms: immiseration
impoverisher
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: impoverishers
Etymology: From impoverish + -er.
Senses: glosses: Someone who impoverishes.
curvet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɜːˈvɛt/
ipa: /kɚˈvɛt/
Forms: form: curvets
Etymology: From Italian corvetta, diminutive of corva, an early form of curva (“curve”), from Latin curva, feminine of curvus (“bent, curved”).
Senses: examples: text: Complexion and constitution are alike revived by a drive in the Park—a white glove rests on the carriage window—and some 'gallant gray' or chestnut Arabian is curbed into curvets and foam by its whispering master.
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 93:
glosses: A particular leap in which a horse raises both forelegs at once, equally advanced, and, as the forelegs are falling, raises the hind legs, so that all the legs are in the air at once.
glosses: A prank; a frolic.
custrel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈkʌstɹəl/
Forms: form: custrels
form: coistrel
Etymology: From Old French coustillier (“soldier armed with a coustille (“double-edged sword”)”).
Senses: glosses: A knight's attendant or man-at-arms; a knave.
coistrel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈkʌstɹəl/
Forms: form: coistrels
Etymology: From Old French coustillier (“soldier armed with a coustille (“double-edged sword”)”).
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of custrel.
glosses: Alternative form of coistril.
ytterbia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɜː(ɹ)biə
Senses: topics: chemistry
inorganic-chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Ytterbium oxide.
impoverished
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpɑvəɹɪʃt/
ipa: /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃt/
Forms: form: more impoverished
form: most impoverished
Senses: glosses: Reduced to poverty.
examples: text: English has an impoverished inflectional system.
text: [I]t was out of print for 28 years, before an edition (now rare) was published in 1960, impoverished by having all citations removed.
ref: 2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 488:
glosses: Having lost a component, an ingredient, a faculty or a feature; rendered poor in something; depleted.
Synonyms: word: almsless
word: arm
word: badly off
word: bankrupt
word: beggared
word: beggarly
word: boracic
word: broke
word: broken
word: broker than the Ten Commandments
word: destitute
word: dirt poor
word: disadvantaged
word: down and out
word: down at heel
word: down on one's luck
word: down on one's uppers
word: empty-handed
word: feeling the pinch
word: flat
word: hard up
word: impecunious
word: impoverished
word: in need
word: indigent
word: insolvent
word: lower-class
word: necessitous
word: needy
word: oofless
word: pauperized
word: penniless
word: penurious
word: pinched
word: pok kai
word: poor
word: poor as a church mouse
word: poor as a rat
word: poor as Job
word: possessionless
word: poverty-ridden
word: poverty-stricken
word: shillingless
word: skint
word: stone-broke
word: stony-broke
word: strapped
word: stuck
word: threadbare
word: unwealthy
word: wealthless
Hypernyms: word: lacking
Derived terms: impoverishedly
impoverishedness
unimpoverished
Related terms: word: having undergone loss of features
word: underemployed
word: underprivileged
word: unemployed
word: poverty
word: pauper
impoverished
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpɑvəɹɪʃt/
ipa: /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃt/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of impoverish
inactivity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: inactivities
Etymology: From in- + activity.
Senses: examples: text: Painters depicted Idle Hours (see fig. 99), reverie, solitude, and other themes that reflected Americans' new willingness to eschew productivity, and they sold their canvases to patrons who enjoyed both the inactivities portrayed and seeing themselves portrayed in inactivities.
ref: 1994, Helene Barbara Weinberg, Doreen Bolger, David Park Curry, American Impressionism and Realism:
text: Shepard: How do the Reapers survive out in dark space?
Vigil: We have only theories. The researchers here came to believe the Reapers enter prolonged states of inactivity to conserve energy.
Vigil: This allows them to survive the thousands and thousands of years it takes for organic civilization to rebuild itself. But in this state, they are vulnerable.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Ilos:
glosses: The quality of being inactive; idleness; passiveness.
Derived terms: masterly inactivity
Q and A
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Q and As
form: Qs and As
form: Q&A
form: Q & A
form: QNA
form: QnA
form: Q'n'A
form: Q 'n' A
form: Q n' A
form: Q 'n A
form: Q+A
form: Q + A
Etymology: From the abbreviations Q and A used for question and answer.
Senses: examples: text: Gina Winthrop: Okay, um, welcome, please find a seat.
Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Sure, I will, directly after I do a brief Q and A.
ref: 2011 Allen Gregory, "Pilot" (season 1, episode 1)
glosses: A period of time in which questions are posed to an individual; an interview.
Q and A
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: Q&A
form: Q & A
form: QNA
form: QnA
form: Q'n'A
form: Q 'n' A
form: Q n' A
form: Q 'n A
form: Q+A
form: Q + A
Etymology: From the abbreviations Q and A used for question and answer.
Senses: glosses: In a Q and A style or fashion.
glosses: Of a conversation: short, terse, abrupt, or without depth or lacking a tributary style, resembling a Q and A session.
daedal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: /ˈdiːdəl/
Forms: form: more daedal
form: most daedal
form: dædal
Etymology: From Latin daedalus, from Ancient Greek δαίδαλος (daídalos, “skillful”).
Senses: examples: text: His daedale hand would faile, and greatly faint, / And her perfections with his error taint […]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: The daedal hand of Nature.
ref: 1708, [John Philips], “(please specify the page)”, in Cyder. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], →OCLC:
text: Barquentine went into a form of a trance, the well-heads of his eyes appearing to cloud over and become opaque like miniature sargassos, of dull chalky-blue – the cataract veil – for it seemed that he was trying to remember the daedal days of his adolescence.
ref: 1946, Mervyn Peake, Titus Groan, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC:
glosses: Skilful, ingenious, cunning.
Derived terms: daedally
idleness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaɪdəlnəs/
Forms: form: idlenesses
Etymology: From Middle English ydelnesse, from Old English īdelnes, from Proto-West Germanic *īdalnassī, equivalent to idle + -ness. Cognate with Old Frisian īdelnisse (“idelness”), obsolete Dutch ijdelnis, Old Saxon īdalnussi (“idleness, vanity”), Old High German ītalnissa (“idleness, vanity, emptiness”).
Senses: glosses: The state of being idle; inactivity.
examples: text: For either they be puffed vp vvith pride, / Or fraught vvith enuie that their galls do ſvvell, / Or they their dayes to ydleneſſe diuide, / Or drovvnded lie in pleaſures vvaſtefull vvell, / In vvhich like Moldvvarps [i.e., moles] nouſling ſtill they lurke, / Vnmyndfull of chiefe parts of manlineſſe, / And do themſelues for vvant of other vvorke, / Vaine votaries of laeſie loue profeſſe, […]
ref: 1595, Ed. Spencer [i.e., Edmund Spenser], Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, signature D3, verso:
glosses: The state of being indolent; indolence.
glosses: Groundlessness; worthlessness; triviality; vanity; frivolity.
Derived terms: eat the bread of idleness
love-in-idleness
Related terms: idledom
idlehood
idleship
inactively
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more inactively
form: most inactively
Etymology: From inactive + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an inactive manner.
dagga
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaɡə/
ipa: /ˈdaxa/
text: South Africa
Forms: form: daggas
Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans dagga, from Khoekhoe daxab.
Senses: examples: text: He started to supplement them by smuggling dagga, and soon found it so profitable that he left the factory altogether.
ref: 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 217:
text: A few basic points, Sir. First, no unnatural Activities. Second, no Opium, no Dagga, no Ardent Spirits, no Wine, and so on.
ref: 1997, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 7, in Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part One: Latitudes and Departures, page 65:
glosses: Indian hemp, Cannabis sativa subsp. indica, or a similar plant of the species Leonotis leonurus.
Derived terms: taxonomic: Leonotis leonurus
word: wild dagga
dagga
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdaɡə/
ipa: /ˈdaxa/
text: South Africa
ipa: /ˈdɑːɡə/
ipa: /ˈdaɡə/
ipa: /ˈdaxa/
text: South Africa
Etymology: From Shona dhaka.
Senses: glosses: Cement.
jerkin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɜː.kɪn/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɝ.kɪn/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)kɪn
Forms: form: jerkins
Etymology: First recorded in early 1500s. Possibly related to Dutch jurk (“dress”), itself of unknown origin and not attested before the 17th century. Derivation from Old French jo(u)rne (“day”) has been suggested.
Senses: examples: text: [T]wenty yeomen, two and two, / In hosen black, and jerkins blue, / With falcons broider'd on each breast, / Attended on their lord's behest.
ref: 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto First. The Castle.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza VIII, page 30:
glosses: A type of men's garment popular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a close-fitting collarless jacket, with or without sleeves.
examples: text: A tall and very good-looking kid in a jerkin came out of the store and rode the coupé off around the corner and came back walking, his glistening black hair plastered with rain.
ref: 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 32:
text: I booked a room at the small hotel and deposited my luggage there. I bought myself strong boots, a pair of breeches, a jerkin, and a couple of shirts. Then I turned my back upon the town and climbed.
ref: 1952, Daphne Du Maurier, “Monte Verità”, in The Apple Tree:
glosses: A sleeveless jacket, usually leather; a long waistcoat.
Derived terms: buff jerkin
green jerkin
jerkined
jerkinhead
Related terms: bodice
doublet
gherkin
jerkin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɜː.kɪn/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɝ.kɪn/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)kɪn
Forms: form: jerkins
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of gyrkin.
Related terms: english: etymologically unrelated
translation: etymologically unrelated
word: jerkin the gherkin
debouch
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /dɪˈbuːʃ/
/dɪˈbaʊt͡ʃ/
Forms: form: debouches
Etymology: From French déboucher (de + bouche (“mouth”)), modelled on Italian sboccare.
Senses: examples: text: In level portions of the country vertical shafts are preferred, but where the mine is situated upon a hill a debouch may often be found below the sulphur seam, ...
ref: 1888 May 26, Phillip Carroll, “Sulphur Mines in Sicily”, in Scientific American Supplement, number 647:
topics: geography
natural-sciences
glosses: A narrow outlet from which a body of water pours.
examples: text: To prevent another demonstration of this character, and to insure a debouch on the south bank of the James, it became necessary to occupy Coggin's Point, which was done on the 3d, and the enemy driven back towards Petersburg.
ref: 1887, George B. McClellan, McClellan's Own Story:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: A fortress at the end of a defile.
debouch
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: /dɪˈbuːʃ/
/dɪˈbaʊt͡ʃ/
Forms: form: debouches
form: debouching
form: debouched
form: debouched
Etymology: From French déboucher (de + bouche (“mouth”)), modelled on Italian sboccare.
Senses: examples: text: The pretty pimpled young man, no longer a boy, came down from the imperial box in his purple to the performers’ well which debouched into the arena.
ref: 1985, Anthony Burgess, Kingdom of the Wicked:
text: Ungrateful brats debouch from their cheap holiday in someone else’s misery and their tired parents try desperately to summon up joy out of indifference.
ref: 1993, Will Self, My Idea of Fun:
text: The water rushes away in uncommonly long waterfalls, downward for hours, unbrak’d, till at last debouching into an interior Lake of great size.
ref: 1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon:
glosses: To pour forth from a narrow opening; to emerge from a narrow place like a defile into open country or a wider space.
Derived terms: debouchment
livres
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of livre
housekeeper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhaʊskipɚ/
ipa: /ˈhaʊskiːpə/
Forms: form: housekeepers
form: house keeper
form: house-keeper
Etymology: From house + keeper.
Senses: examples: text: She was their third housekeeper, but after a month or so she also gave up.
text: The housekeeper, a very decorative brunette of thirty-five with a pseudo-English accent, greeted him with a mixture of grateful effusion and condescending patronage.
ref: 1946, William Hatfield, Buffalo Jim, Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege, page 70:
text: When management of the toney Copley Plaza Hotel ordered housekeepers recently to put down their mops and hand wash the floors, a furor arose among the hotel cleaning staff. Local union representatives and others concerned with issues affecting women workers also rallied in anger to protest the directive, which in essence forced housekeepers to scrub on their hands and knees.
ref: 1987 December 13, Elizabeth Pincus, “Copping To The Mop Scandal”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 22, page 1:
glosses: Someone (traditionally a woman) employed to look after the home, typically by managing domestic servants or superintending household management; also someone with equivalent duties in a hotel, institution etc.
glosses: Someone who manages the running of a home, traditionally the female head of the household.
examples: text: I do assure you he is no house-keeper. I have seen him in desperate conflict with savage men, and even with His Majesty's redcoats.
ref: 1915, John Buchan, Salute to Adventurers:
glosses: Someone who keeps to their house; someone who rarely ventures away from home; an unadventurous person, a homebody.
examples: text: He was often heard to express his fears of coming upon the parish; and to bless God, that, on account of his having been so long a housekeeper, he was intitled to that provision.
ref: 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:
glosses: Someone who owns a house as a place of residence; a householder.
Coordinate terms: housemaid
Derived terms: housekeeperess
housekeeperless
housekeeperly
househusband
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: househusbands
form: house husband
form: house-husband
Etymology: From house + husband (etymologically equivalent to house + bond).
Senses: examples: text: He’s always thought of himself as boring, “a white-bread suburban househusband.”
ref: 2022 May 11, Alexandra Alter, quoting Kim Stanley Robinson, “A Sci-Fi Writer Returns to Earth: ‘The Real Story Is the One Facing Us’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A man who tends to his home as a housekeeper or homemaker; the male equivalent of a housewife.
Hypernyms: word: housespouse
word: homemaker
word: homebody
word: betty
word: cot-betty
word: cot-quean
word: henhussy
Hyponyms: word: stay-at-home dad
word: Mr. Mom
word: Mr Mom
word: Mister Mom
Coordinate terms: breadwinner
housewife
man of the family
man of the house
work husband
work spouse
work wife
nephrology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /nəˈfɹɒlədʒi/
rhymes: -ɒlədʒi
Etymology: From nephro- + -logy.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The branch of medicine that deals with the function and diseases of the kidneys.
Coordinate terms: english: both concern the urinary tract, but urology specializes in the structures downstream of the kidney
translation: both concern the urinary tract, but urology specializes in the structures downstream of the kidney
word: urology
Derived terms: telenephrology
Related terms: nephrologist
superstitious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌs(j)uː.pəˈstɪ.ʃəs/
ipa: /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃəs/
rhymes: -ɪʃəs
Forms: form: more superstitious
form: most superstitious
Etymology: From Old French superstitieux, from Latin superstitiōsus, from superstitio + -ōsus.
Senses: examples: text: Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.
ref: 1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81:
glosses: Susceptible to superstitions.
glosses: Arising from or having the character of superstitions.
glosses: Overexact; unnecessarily scrupulous.
Synonyms: freety
Derived terms: nonsuperstitious
stupidstitious
superstitiously
superstitiousness
unsuperstitious
Related terms: superstition
latticed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more latticed
form: most latticed
Senses: examples: text: In the seclusion of the latticed fern house, now that dusk had fallen, he lit his pipe[.]
ref: 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 62:
glosses: Provided with latticework; having a pattern of fretwork.
glosses: Shaped or arranged like a lattice.
Derived terms: unlatticed
latticed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of lattice
ety
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Abbreviation of etymology.
latticework
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: latticeworks
form: lattice-work
Etymology: From lattice + -work.
Senses: examples: text: On the former North Eastern Railway the signalling methods followed for many years resulted in a great number of structures being provided, all of substantial design, with tall latticework posts and sometimes duplicate arms below.
ref: 1952 February, “New Type of Signal Bridge Near Sunderland”, in Railway Magazine, page 88:
text: Decorative arches intersect the graceful latticework of the expansive ridge and furrow trainshed rooves, woven together by a staggering tessellation of 48,000 glass panels.
ref: 2023 October 18, Nick Brodrick, “The grand gateway to Glasgow”, in RAIL, number 994, page 32:
glosses: A lattice or lattice-like structure; interlacing laths or strips.
lattice-work
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lattice-works
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of latticework.
Coca-Cola
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: rhymes: -əʊlə
Etymology: From two of its original ingredients, coca leaves and cola nut.
Senses: glosses: A particular cola soft drink (type of carbonated drink), produced by the Coca-Cola Company.
Derived terms: Coke
Coca-Colonialism
Cocacolonization
Related terms: cola
Coca-Cola
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -əʊlə
Forms: form: Coca-Colas
Etymology: From two of its original ingredients, coca leaves and cola nut.
Senses: glosses: A serving of Coca-Cola.
Hypernyms: cola
squidge
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /skwɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɪdʒ
Forms: form: squidges
form: squidging
form: squidged
form: squidged
Senses: examples: text: The babies, giggled, smiled, and squidged dirt and dandelions between their fingers.
ref: 2021, Rivers Solomon, Sorrowland, #Merky Books, page 59:
glosses: To squash, most often between one's fingers.
examples: Gyles Brandreth (1991), The Book of Solo Games, →ISBN, page 63: “The object of the game is to be the first player to squidge all one's winks into the cup.”
qualifier: tiddlywinks
glosses: To fire a wink with a squidger.
Derived terms: squidgy
squidge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /skwɪd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ɪdʒ
Forms: form: squidges
Senses: examples: text: If we go into the elevator too, it'll be a bit of a squidge.
glosses: A tight space; squeeze.
qualifier: tiddlywinks
glosses: The act of firing a wink with a squidger.
Related terms: squash
entheomania
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: The abnormal belief that one is divinely inspired.
Derived terms: entheomaniacal
meagre
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmiːɡɚ/
rhymes: -iːɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: meagres
Etymology: From Middle French maigre.
Senses: examples: text: 1986, A. Wysokiński, The Living Marine Resources of the Southeast Atlantic, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 178, page 48,
Among more valuable species some of them are worth mentioning, especially littoral forms as: meagres and other croakers (Sciaenidae), grunters (Pomadasyidae), threadfins (Polynemidae), groupers (Serranidae), snappers (Lutjanidae) […] .
text: It is striking that these represent meagres (Argyrosomus regius), a species never mentioned in classical texts.
ref: 2008, Arturo Morales-Muñes, Eufrasia Roselló-Izquierdo, “11: Twenty Thousand Years of Fishing in the Strait”, in Torben C. Rick, Jon M. Erlandson, editors, Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems: A Global Perspective, page 261:
text: Meagres (Argyrosomus regius, 230 cm, 103 kg) have been raised mainly in Spain, France and Italy.
ref: 2011, John S. Lucas, Paul C. Southgate, Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants, unnumbered page:
glosses: An edible fish, of species Argyrosomus regius, of the family Sciaenidae, found from the Black Sea to the eastern Atlantic.
Synonyms: sense: Argyrosomus regius
word: salmon-basse
sense: Argyrosomus regius
word: shadefish
sense: Argyrosomus regius
word: stone basse
Hypernyms: sense: fish of family Sciaenidae
word: croaker
sense: fish of family Sciaenidae
word: drum
sense: fish of family Sciaenidae
word: drumfish
sense: fish of family Sciaenidae
word: hardhead
sense: fish of family Sciaenidae
word: sciaenid
Derived terms: taxonomic: Sciaena umbra
word: brown meagre
meagre
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmiːɡɚ/
rhymes: -iːɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: meagrer
form: meagrest
form: meager
Etymology: From Middle English megre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman megre, Old French maigre, from Latin macer, macrum, from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós. Cognate with Old English mæġer (“meagre, lean”), Dutch mager (“lean”), German mager (“lean”), Icelandic magur (“lean”).
Senses: examples: text: […]meagre were his looks; / Sharp misery had worn him to the bones:
ref: c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
glosses: Having little flesh; lean; thin.
examples: text: Nothing will grow in this meagre soil.
text: He was given a meagre piece of cake that he swallowed in one bite.
text: His education had been but meagre.
ref: 1871, John Lothrop Motley, The Rise of the Dutch Republic: A History, volume 1, page 144:
text: It is hardly surprising, therefore, that the present rail passenger service is meagre and between Wetherby and Church Fenton almost non-existent.
ref: 1961 February, D. Bertram, “The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated, page 103:
text: Until the recent rash of North London line maps appeared on station billboards in the London area of BR, the service undoubtedly suffered from meagre and ineffectual publicity.
ref: 1964 July, “News and Comment: The Broad Street-Richmond line”, in Modern Railways, page 17:
synonyms: paltry
scanty
inadequate
glosses: Deficient or inferior in amount, quality or extent
topics: mathematics
sciences
set-theory
glosses: Of a set: such that, considered as a subset of a (usually larger) topological space, it is in a precise sense small or negligible.
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Dry and harsh to the touch (e.g., as chalk).
Derived terms: comeagre
meagrely
meagreness
meagre
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmiːɡɚ/
rhymes: -iːɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: meagres
form: meagring
form: meagred
form: meagred
form: meager
Etymology: From Middle English megre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman megre, Old French maigre, from Latin macer, macrum, from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós. Cognate with Old English mæġer (“meagre, lean”), Dutch mager (“lean”), German mager (“lean”), Icelandic magur (“lean”).
Senses: examples: text: I am meagred to a skeleton; my nose is broiled to flaming heat, and I am suffering the greatest inconvenience from the loss of my baggage which I fear the enemy have taken with my servant at Konigsberg.
ref: 1862, Robert Thomas Wilson, edited by Herbert Randolph, Life of General Sir Robert Wilson, page 275:
glosses: To make lean.
meagerly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more meagerly
form: most meagerly
form: meagrely
Etymology: From meager + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a meager way; poorly; inadequately.
meagrely
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more meagrely
form: most meagrely
form: meagerly
Etymology: From meagre + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a meagre way; poorly; inadequately.
meagerness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: meagernesses
form: meagreness
Etymology: From meager + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being meager.
meagreness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: meagrenesses
form: meagerness
Etymology: From meagre + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being meagre.
lopen
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lopens
Senses: glosses: A teacher or master.
vies
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -aɪz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of vie
overgarment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: overgarments
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English overgarment; equivalent to over- + garment.
Senses: synonyms: outer garment
glosses: A garment normally worn over other garments.
overtly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more overtly
form: most overtly
Etymology: From overt + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In an overt manner; publicly; openly.
zeer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: zeers
Senses: examples: text: Cholera is in the majority of cases a water-borne disease, due to water having become Cholera-contaminated [...] Water from zeers and goulahs should be looked upon with suspicion unless these are carefully watched and cleaned.
ref: 1908, Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories, Report of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories at the Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum v. 3, 1908 suppl:
text: Before leaving Khartoum the bilge water in the various sections should be oiled by pouring petroleum on the surface [...] collections will harbour mosquito larvae, and attention should therefore be paid to the water-closet cisterns, zeers and tanks.
ref: 1910, Sir Ronald Ross, The Prevention of Malaria, page 535:
glosses: Alternative form of zir (“water jug”).
ætiology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ætiologies
Senses: glosses: Archaic spelling of aetiology.
overtness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From overt + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being overt; openness.
replicon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: replicons
Etymology: From replic(ate) + -on.
Senses: examples: text: During cell division there is a probability that either or both of the master replicons will misreplicate and one of the daughter cells will be missing a master copy.
ref: 1970, Michael Abercrombie, Jean Brachet, Thomas Joseph King, Advances in Morphogenesis - Volume 8, page 177:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: A DNA molecule or a region of DNA that replicates as an individual unit. A replicon may be, for instance, a chromosome, a plasmid or a phage.
Related terms: cistron
gene
locus
perversion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʒən
Forms: form: perversions
Etymology: From Latin perversio, from pervertere (“corrupt”).
Senses: glosses: The action of perverting someone or something; humiliation; debasement.
glosses: The state of being perverted; depravity; vice.
examples: text: After all, the great error in human judgment is not so much wilful perversion, as that we judge according to situation, and always make that situation our own; while the chances are, that we really have not one thought, feeling, or habit, in common with those on whom we yet think ourselves qualified to decide.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 61–62:
glosses: Distortion or corruption of the original course, meaning, or state of something.
glosses: A sexual practice considered abnormal; sexual deviance.
topics: geometry
mathematics
sciences
glosses: Tendril perversion.
Derived terms: furversion
Related terms: perverse
pervert
perverted
pervertedness
pervertedness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From perverted + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being perverted; perversion.
reversional
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From reversion + -al.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to reversion.
reversionist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more reversionist
form: most reversionist
Etymology: From reversion + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: Certain fringe ecologists are quite as reversionist in their thinking, and reach even farther back for their image of the good life.
ref: 1975, Alvin Toffler, The eco-spasm report, page 73:
text: This confirms that the design process is more reversionist than might be imagined.
ref: 1999, Marine Technology and SNAME News - Volume 36, page 104:
text: Second, the movement sheds light on the nature of 'reversionist thought supported by the Japan Reversionist Movement' (NakanoandArasaki 1976:85)
ref: 2003, Glen D. Hook, Richard Siddle, Japan and Okinawa: Structure and Subjectivity, →ISBN, page 437:
glosses: Pertaining to or characteristic of reversionists.
reversionary
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)ʒənəɹi/
ipa: /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)ʒənɹi/
ipa: /ɹəˈvɝʒəˌnɛɹi/
Forms: form: reversionaries
Etymology: From reversion + -ary.
Senses: glosses: A reversioner.
reversionary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)ʒənəɹi/
ipa: /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)ʒənɹi/
ipa: /ɹəˈvɝʒəˌnɛɹi/
Forms: form: more reversionary
form: most reversionary
Etymology: From reversion + -ary.
Senses: examples: text: a reversionary interest or right
text: If this was unrestricted freehold, the land is available for sale or lease, although often it is not readily marketable, by reason of its shape and access; neighbouring landowners are possible purchasers. In some cases, reversionary rights were reserved to neighbouring landowners when the land was acquired.
ref: 1951 June, “The Why and the Wherefore: Abandoned Branch Lands”, in Railway Magazine, page 428:
text: Small animals
Began to mooch around and climb up this
Reversionary desk and dustable heirloom.
ref: 1958, Howard Nemerov, “Seven Macabre Songs”, in Mirrors and Windows:
glosses: Pertaining to reversion, especially that of an estate.
reversioner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reversioners
Etymology: From reversion + -er.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: A person who possesses the reversion to an estate or office.
oud
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /uːd/
rhymes: -uːd
Forms: form: ouds
form: 'ud
form: oudh
Etymology: From Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of lute.
Senses: examples: text: Common throughout the Arab and Persian world, the oud is a fretless short-neck lute with a pear-shaped, flat top, rounded back, and a peghead characteristically bent backwards at a very sharp angle. The oud's origins are unknown, although myths attribute either celestial or magical beginnings, it more likely came from ancient Persia.
ref: 2010, Randy Raine-Reusch, Play The World: The 101 Instrument Primer, Mel Bay Publications, →ISBN, page 22:
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
coordinate_terms: sintir
glosses: A short-necked and fretless plucked stringed instrument of the lute family, of Arab and Turkish origin.
examples: text: The recent fashion for oud (the noble rot of Aquilaria trees) took flight when YSL released M7, where the oud accord was center stage. It came with an advertising campaign featuring a hairy naked guy, a sight rated “beautiful” by my co-author. Real oud is complex material, with honey, tobacco, leaf, minty-fresh and castoreum animalic notes all mixed together.
ref: 2010, Luca Turin, Tania Sanchez, “M7”, in Perfumes: The A–Z Guide, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 233:
qualifier: perfumery
glosses: Agarwood, in particular the noble rot of Aquilaria trees used to make perfumes.
Derived terms: oudist
Related terms: oud bruin
passers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of passer
haan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of han (“sorrowful resentment, as a part of the Korean cultural identity”).
kast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -æst
Forms: form: kasts
form: kasten
Etymology: From Dutch kast, from Middle Dutch caste (“chest”), from Old Dutch *casto (“chest, reservoir”), from Proto-West Germanic *kastō.
Senses: examples: text: At Clifford A. Wallach tramp art rules absolutely, most unusually in a large cupboard that has the mass of a Dutch kast armoire and is painted light green.
ref: 2007 January 19, Roberta Smith, “Decorative Tradition, Laced With Bursts of Eccentricity”, in New York Times:
text: The exhibition includes the kinds of Dutch furnishings that might have been found in 17th- century estates: pewter plates, silver bowls, brass candlesticks, Dutch tiles, Bible boxes, Delft jars and Dutch cupboards, called kasts.
ref: 2009 July 3, Wendy Moonan, “Exploring Dutch Legacy 400 Years After Hudson”, in New York Times:
glosses: A type of traditional cupboard produced by Dutch settlers in New York and New Jersey in the 18th and 19th centuries
uncultivated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more uncultivated
form: most uncultivated
Etymology: From un- + cultivated.
Senses: glosses: Not cultivated by agricultural methods; not prepared for cultivation.
examples: text: I ſaw you were taken with her, which I ſhould not have expected; for after all, it is but a little uncultivated ruſtic, and ſurely rather ſhewy than handſome.
ref: 1794, Charlotte Smith, chapter X, in The Banished Man. […], volume II, London: […] T[homas] Cadell, Jun. and W[illiam] Davies, (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell) […], →OCLC, page 199:
synonyms: unrefined
uncultured
uncivilized
glosses: Inadequately educated; lacking art or knowledge
glosses: Not attended to or fostered.