cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
autocorrect
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: autocorrects
Etymology: From auto- + correct.
Senses: examples: text: Anthony Bourdain would have hated that autocorrect turns his name into Boursin, a bland cheese with zero culinary credibility.
ref: 2022 October 3, Dwitght Garner, “Anthony Bourdain’s New Biography: Light on Subtlety, Heavy on Grit”, in The New York Times:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A software feature that attempts to correct presumed errors as soon as they are generated.
Related terms: word: autocomplete
word: Cupertino effect
topics: linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
word: hypercorrection
word: spell checker
autocorrects
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of autocorrect
autocorrects
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of autocorrect
autocorrecting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of autocorrect
autocorrected
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of autocorrect
betchya
Language: English
Part of speech: contraction
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of betcha.
Biwa trout
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Biwa trout
Etymology: After Lake Biwa in Japan.
Senses: glosses: Oncorhynchus rhodurus, an anadromous salmonid fish.
wikipedia: Lake Biwa
presupposer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: presupposers
Etymology: From presuppose + -er.
Senses: glosses: A statement that makes a presupposition.
parergies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of parergy
parergy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈpæɹə(ɹ)d͡ʒi/
Forms: form: parergies
Etymology: Latin parergon, Ancient Greek πάρεργον (párergon); παρά (pará, “beside”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).
Senses: examples: text: Wherefore the Scriptures being serious, and commonly omitting such parergies, it will be unreasonable from hence to condemn all laughter
ref: 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:
glosses: Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous; a trifle
stageable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more stageable
form: most stageable
Etymology: From stage + -able.
Senses: antonyms: unstageable
glosses: Capable of being staged, or performed upon the stage.
topics: medicine
sciences
antonyms: unstageable
glosses: Of a wound or ulcer, able to be assigned to one of the stages described in the National Pressure Ulcer Staging System.
Synonyms: stageworthy
tempersome
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɛmpəsəm/
ipa: /ˈtɛmpɚsəm/
rhymes: -ɛmpə(ɹ)səm
Forms: form: more tempersome
form: most tempersome
Etymology: From temper + -some.
Senses: examples: text: And now that it is so tempersome and cold you are always going out into the nastiness and getting wet or frozen every day.
ref: 1946, Mervyn Peake, Titus Groan, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC:
text: Virginia did not recover until early September, when she wrote that she was still cross and “tempersome”.
ref: 2016, Gordon Claridge, Ruth Pryor, Gwen Watkins, Sounds from the Bell Jar:
glosses: Characterised or marked by a temper; bad-tempered; temperamental; hotheaded; moody.
superfixed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of superfix
gluttingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more gluttingly
form: most gluttingly
Etymology: From glutting + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: What could he do with the money so gluttingly and harshly wrenched from our hands?
ref: 1838, “Man without Money”, in The Hesperian, volume 2, page 201:
glosses: So as to glut; greedily.
designingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more designingly
form: most designingly
Etymology: From designing + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The vilest, most designingly wicked men our century knows.
ref: 1886, Merrill Edwards Gates, Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners, volume 17:
glosses: With sinister designs; insidiously.
Zipf's law
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Zipf + law. After George Kingsley Zipf (1902–1950), American linguist. From the observed distribution of a word's frequency of occurrence against its rank of occurrence, discovered in Zipf's research, as a graph of logarithm of frequency against logarithm of ranking resulting in a straight line with −1 slope.
Senses: examples: text: So Zipf’s Law suggests that you scale all your word frequencies (and document frequencies) with the log() function, the inverse of exp().
ref: 2019, Hobson Lane, Cole Howard, Hannes Max Hapke, Natural Language Processing In Action […] , Shelter Island: Manning, →ISBN:
glosses: The fact that many types of data studied in the physical and social sciences can be approximated with a Zipfian distribution.
wikipedia: George Kingsley Zipf
Related terms: Zipfian distribution
Zipfian
power law
designlessly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more designlessly
form: most designlessly
Etymology: From designless + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Without design or intention; inadvertently.
failingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more failingly
form: most failingly
Etymology: From failing + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: I sketch the place of others, pinning them down with objective confidence within an institutional, urban, or rural landscape, yet only failingly, uncertainly, imagine where I really belong[…]
ref: 2007, Edward F. Mooney, On Søren Kierkegaard, page 195:
glosses: In a failing manner.
freewheelingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more freewheelingly
form: most freewheelingly
Etymology: From freewheeling + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a freewheeling manner; without constraint.
dabblingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more dabblingly
form: most dabblingly
Etymology: From dabbling + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: He almost fell on top of her, his mouth dabblingly seeking hers.
ref: 1974, H. R. F. Keating, The Underside:
glosses: With a dabbling motion.
examples: text: artists […] dabblingly pursuing a kind of formalist mannerism merely in the interest of careerism
ref: 1984, Rasheed Araeen, Guy Brett, Making myself visible:
glosses: As a dilettante or amateur; superficially.
depreciatingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more depreciatingly
form: most depreciatingly
Etymology: From depreciating + -ly.
Senses: examples: June 18, 1827, Thomas Moore, Diary
Never heard him speak of any one otherwise than depreciatingly, but the next moment after abusing a man, he would go any length to serve him.
glosses: So as to disparage or belittle.
grazingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more grazingly
form: most grazingly
Etymology: From grazing + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: The big mongrel, in agony, snarled and made a lunge at his irritatingly dancing tormentor. His teeth dug grazingly into the terrier's withers; and, with an impatient toss, he flung the little beast to one side.
ref: 1922, Albert Payson Terhune, Further Adventures of Lad:
glosses: So as to graze, or brush closely against.
labouringly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more labouringly
form: most labouringly
form: laboringly
Etymology: From labouring + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Thirty-two years since, up against the sun, / Seven shapes, thin atomies to lower sight, / Labouringly leapt and gained thy gabled height, / And four lives paid for what the seven had won.
ref: 1901, Thomas Hardy, Zermatt to the Matterhorn:
glosses: With labour; strenuously.
laboringly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more laboringly
form: most laboringly
Etymology: From laboring + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of labouringly.
wall of silence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: walls of silence
Senses: examples: text: [The persecution of homosexuals in the Holocaust is] a fact deliberately buried by history. This homophobic world does not intend to let the straight world know any of the real facts. The wall of silence is deliberate.
ref: 1975 December 13, Regina Kahney, Sarah Montgomery, “Everyone's Favorite Mother”, in Gay Community News, volume 3, number 24, page 13:
text: That makes his struggle with the culture of omertà, the wall of silence that allowed the Mafia to prevail for decades, all the more poignant.
ref: 1981 August 6, “Rebel with a Cause: The real-life story of an anti-Mafia activist in Sicily makes for a handsome film with a political message”, in Time:
text: Her parents sought the official report on the incident, but they have run into a wall of silence.
ref: 1994 May 15, James Sterngold, “Japanese Begin to Crack the Wall Of Secrecy Around Official Acts”, in New York Times, retrieved 10 Aug 2012:
text: 2006 Quataert, Donald. "The Massacres of Ottoman Armenians and the Writing of Ottoman History". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 37 (2): 249–259. doi:10.1162/jinh.2006.37.2.249. ISSN 0022-1953. JSTOR 4139548.
After the long lapse of serious Ottomanist scholarship on the Armenian question, it now appears that the Ottomanist wall of silence is crumbling.
text: German justice minister, Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, said Monday that a Vatican secrecy rule has played a role in a "wall of silence" surrounding sexual abuse of children.
ref: 2010 March 9, Melissa Eddy, Alessandra Rizzo, “Pope's brother: I ignored physical abuse reports”, in Businessweek, retrieved 11 Aug 2012:
synonyms: code of silence
conspiracy of silence
glosses: Strict secretiveness maintained by the members of a group with respect to information which might be contrary to their interests, especially information concerning questionable actions by members of the group.
Derived terms: blue wall of silence
Related terms: cone of silence
radio silence
silent treatment
Vegas rule
creepest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Etymology: creep + -est
Senses: glosses: second-person singular simple present indicative of creep
blue wall of silence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blue walls of silence
Etymology: In reference to blue police uniforms.
Senses: examples: text: We've all heard of the Blue Wall of Silence, the code under which cops stay mum about rogue cops who poison the barrel.
ref: 1985 June 25, Sydney H. Schanberg, “New York: The Concrete Wall of Silence”, in New York Times, retrieved 12 Aug 2012:
text: When the blue wall of silence broke, it was all over for New York City police officer Justin Volpe. The witnesses for the prosecution had badges, and they had stories to tell.
ref: 1999 May 25, Frank Pellegrini, “Too Despicable for the Blue Wall of Silence”, in Time:
text: The indictment of officer Michael Roberts also highlights another color barrier that can complicate matters of police discipline—that's the so-called blue wall of silence. Former Minneapolis police officer Mike Quinn says that wall is what keeps some cops from turning in their fellow cops.
ref: 2008 July 15, Brandt Williams, Elizabeth Stawicki, “Minneapolis cop indicted on corruption charges”, in Minnesota Public Radio, retrieved 12 Aug 2012:
text: On the streets it is called "No snitching." In law enforcement it is called "The blue wall of silence".
ref: 2009 June 6, Donald Winkfield, “Manhattan DA’s Keystone Verdict”, in Black Star News, retrieved 12 Aug 2012:
glosses: Strict secretiveness maintained by the members of a police force with respect to information which might be contrary to their interests, especially information concerning questionable police actions.
Synonyms: blue code
blue code of silence
blue wall
Related terms: wall of silence
lurkingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more lurkingly
form: most lurkingly
Etymology: From lurking + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: […] when the Feat of the Loose-Coat Skirmish happeneth to be done under-hand and privily, between two well-disposed, athwart the Steps of a Pair of Stairs, lurkingly, and in covert, behind a Suit of Hangings, or close hid and trussed upon an unbound Faggot, it is more pleasing to the Cyprian Goddess […] than to perform that Culbusting Art, after the Cynick manner, in the view of the clear Sunshine, or in a rich Tent, under a precious stately Canopy […]
ref: 1653, François Rabelais, chapter XVIII, in Thomas Urquhart, transl., Gargantua and Pantagruel, volume II, London: David Nutt, published 1900, page 99:
text: 1872, The Law Magazine and Review, New Series, Vol. I, London: Butterworths, p. 819, https://books.google.ca/books?id=KlhNAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Either openly obscene, and barely, but at the same time ingeniously, escaping the clutches of the law; or lurkingly depraved, or ridiculously sentimental and unreal, there is often enough in any one of the papers we now refer to to corrupt the youth of a generation, and to sap all manly and womanly virtues.
text: Discontent foreran the Two Mutinies, and more or less it lurkingly survived them.
ref: 1924, Herman Melville, chapter 5, in Billy Budd, London: Constable & Co.:
text: The despondency of the situation led to the feeling which then lurkingly dominated many other minds, viz. that, after all, it was better to be with Gandhi in the new movement and trim it if possible from within rather than stand out of it and let it spread without control or hindrance.
ref: 1958, M. R. Jayakar, The Story of My Life, volume 1, Asia Publishing House, page 376:
glosses: So as to lurk; in sinister concealment.
blue wall
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From blue + wall. From the representative color of the political party, and the solidity of support for that party in that region.
Senses: examples: text: Mr. Martin says that Mr. Walz’s bio and skill set will make him an asset in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania – three “blue wall” states crucial to winning the presidential election.
ref: 2024 August 6, Cameron Joseph, “What Tim Walz brings to the table as Kamala Harris’ VP pick”, in The Christian Science Monitor:
topics: government
politics
glosses: A group of states known for consistently voting Democratic in presidential elections from 1992 through 2012.
topics: government
politics
glosses: A group of states known for consistently voting Democratic in presidential elections from 1992 through 2012.
The three battleground states that were dislodged from the 1992-2012 group in 2016: Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin.
topics: government
politics
coordinate_terms: red wall
glosses: A group of Conservative-leaning parliamentary constituencies that are seen as shifting away from the party.
blue wall
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blue walls
Etymology: From blue + wall. From the representative color of the political party, and the solidity of support for that party in that region.
Senses: topics: government
law-enforcement
politics
glosses: Alternative form of blue wall of silence.
blue code of silence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blue codes of silence
Senses: glosses: Synonym of blue wall of silence.
synonyms: word: blue wall of silence
blue code
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: blue codes
Senses: glosses: Synonym of blue wall of silence.
synonyms: word: blue wall of silence
jibingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more jibingly
form: most jibingly
Etymology: From jibing + -ly.
Senses: glosses: With a jibe or taunt.
code of silence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: codes of silence
Senses: glosses: Synonym of wall of silence.
synonyms: word: wall of silence
potteringly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more potteringly
form: most potteringly
Etymology: From pottering + -ly.
Senses: glosses: So as to potter; in a slow and aimless manner.
siftingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more siftingly
form: most siftingly
Etymology: From sifting + -ly.
Senses: glosses: So as to sift or sort through.
riddlingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more riddlingly
form: most riddlingly
Etymology: From riddling + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In the form of a riddle.
spellingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more spellingly
form: most spellingly
Etymology: From spelling + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Jeames read the morning paper to the ladies; not spellingly and with hesitation, as many gentlemen do, but easily and elegantly, speaking off the longest words without a moment's difficulty.
ref: 1869, William Makepeace Thackeray, Lords ad Liveries:
glosses: Spelling out words from letters.
smatteringly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more smatteringly
form: most smatteringly
Etymology: From smattering + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: [W]e task ourselves / To learn a language known but smatteringly / In phrases here and there at random, [...]
ref: 1864, Alfred Tennyson, “Aylmer’s Field”, in Enoch Arden, &c., London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 73:
glosses: In or by fragments; superficially.
playingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more playingly
form: most playingly
Etymology: From Middle English pleiingli, equivalent to playing + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In play; without seriousness; playfully.
complyingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more complyingly
form: most complyingly
Etymology: From complying + -ly.
Senses: glosses: So as to comply; compliantly; obediently.
thonging
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From thong + -ing.
Senses: examples: the thonging of a sandal
glosses: An arrangement of thongs in clothing.
skimpingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more skimpingly
form: most skimpingly
Etymology: From skimping + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Montague had served Edward well, but had been only skimpingly rewarded.
ref: 1995, John Fines, Who's who in the Middle Ages, page 81:
synonyms: skimpily
glosses: So as to skimp; stingily; insufficiently.
sterlingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more sterlingly
form: most sterlingly
Etymology: From sterling + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Of all the books which have been published on India, this, perhaps, is the most sterlingly valuable.
ref: 1837, advertisement in The Foreign Quarterly Review (page 532)
glosses: finely; excellently; with high quality
spankingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspæŋkɪŋli/
ipa: /ˈspæŋkɪŋli/
Forms: form: more spankingly
form: most spankingly
Etymology: From spanking + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: She is both wetting and getting up a fresh topsail on her after-mast — I see them crossing the yard even now. By my honour, she is a charming, lively creature, and goes through it spankingly.
ref: 1843, John Howell, The man-o'-war's man, by Bill Truck, page 159:
text: a modern and spankingly clean subway system
ref: 2005, Lark Ellen Gould, Los Angeles Off the Beaten Path:
glosses: In a spanking manner; vigorously; freshly.
stintingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more stintingly
form: most stintingly
Etymology: From stinting + -ly.
Senses: glosses: sparingly; meanly; without generosity
temporisingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more temporisingly
form: most temporisingly
Etymology: From temporising + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of temporizingly.
urform
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: urforms
form: ur-form
Etymology: From ur- (“original”) + form.
Senses: examples: text: Then by careful comparison they constructed a genealogy, finally deriving the outline of the ur-form, from which all other variants stemmed.
ref: 2003, David M. Hopkin, Soldier and Peasant in French Popular Culture:
text: Thus he finally was able to present some suppositions about a folktale's origins: the time and place, as well as the urform (basic or original form).
ref: 2007, Donald Haase, The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales:
text: This Ur-form brings together the 'oriental' stasis of a non-Western drone, in the form of various pedal-points ... It maybe too much to argue that the Ur-form, as a hidden version of the oriental, is Djamileh's equivalent to Namouna's ironic […]
ref: 2010, Rachel Cowgill, David Cooper, Clive Brown, Art and Ideology in European Opera:
synonyms: protoform
glosses: The (real or idealised) version of a transmissible cultural element, such as a word, language, religion, ideology, folktale, melody, meme, etc., which is taken to be the original form from which all other versions have deviated.
poor white trash
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: In the south, there are no servants but blacks; for the greater proportion of domestics being slaves all species of servitude whatever is looked upon as a degradation; and the slaves themselves entertain the very highest contempt for white servants, whom they designate as ‘poor white trash’.
ref: [1835 May 30, The London Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c.of the collected Literary Gazette […] for the year 1835, number 958, London, page 388:
text: “Huccome po’ w’ite trash buy any niggers? Dey ain’ never owned mo’n fo’ at de mostes’.”
ref: 1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part I, page 17:
synonyms: mean white
glosses: White person or people employed in a servile position, for example, as a butler.
raw_tags: used by black slaves
examples: text: Good nutrition's given you some length of bone, but you're not more than one generation from poor white trash, are you, Agent Starling?
ref: 1991, Ted Tally, The Silence of the Lambs (motion picture), spoken by Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins):
synonyms: white trash
glosses: A poor, uneducated white person or group of people of low social status.
Derived terms: PWT
white trash
grovellingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more grovellingly
form: most grovellingly
form: grovelingly
Etymology: From grovelling + -ly.
Senses: glosses: With grovelling or self-abasement; obsequiously.
grovelingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more grovelingly
form: most grovelingly
Etymology: From groveling + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of grovellingly.
glovelessly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From gloveless + -ly.
Senses: glosses: Without gloves.
ur-form
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ur-forms
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of urform.
thoroughgoingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more thoroughgoingly
form: most thoroughgoingly
Etymology: From thoroughgoing + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Our feelings are not transferable. My world may have points of identity with other people's worlds. How thoroughgoingly we view matters in the same way is nevertheless very hard for us to tell.
ref: 1877, Ernest Carroll Moore, What is education?, page 171:
text: Step by step, as he fared forward, he collated, weighed, and measured, and registered thi results to which the best ascertained facts and straightforward logic necessitated him. He subverts, it must be granted, more than he establishes ; and yet, even where he is most thoroughgoingly destructive, he has, as a rule, something weighty to offer in suggestion, constructively.
ref: 1879, The Nation 1879-12-04: Volume 29, Issue 753, Nation Company L.P., page 390:
text: But especially it is the privilege of America to advance herself at one giant stride to the forefront of the world, not only in politics, but also in practical intelligence, by adopting consistently and thoroughgoingly that metric and numerical system which, once introduced, must surely and speedily subdue all others to itself. What other conceivable feat, either of peace or of war, could so glorify our intelligence and civilization as a people?
ref: 1891, Educational Review 1891-11: Volume 2, Society for the Advancement of Education, page 356:
text: Ted Bundy wasn’t particularly Lynchian, but good old Jeffrey Dahmer, with his victim’s various anatomies neatly separated and stored in his fridge alongside his chocolate milk and Shedd Spread, was thoroughgoingly Lynchian.
ref: 1997, David Foster Wallace, “David Lynch keeps his head”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group:
text: The thoroughgoingly ironic environmentalist laughs at herself, not just at others.
ref: 2018, Nicole Seymour, Bad Environmentalism, page 45:
glosses: Fully; completely; thoroughly.
stonerunner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stonerunners
Etymology: From stone + runner.
Senses: glosses: The ringed plover.
glosses: The dotterel.
stonerunners
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of stonerunner
gabels
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of gabel
reekingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more reekingly
form: most reekingly
Etymology: From reeking + -ly.
Senses: glosses: So as to reek or stink; pungently.
urlanguage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: urlanguages
form: ur-language
Etymology: From ur- (“original”) + language.
Senses: examples: text: It is the urlanguage that sets up the rules of syntax that determine the formal constructions every language must incorporate if it […] The urlanguage is also the ultimate authority that governs the inclusion of designator expressions in any context.
ref: 1982, Jack Kaminsky, Essays in linguistic ontology:
text: Is there an ur-language? This question has been raised in a notoriously fallacious argument first promulgated by Fodor (1979).
ref: 1997, George Wolf, Nigel Love, Linguistics Inside Out:
text: Obviously we have here a further reason for exploring our relationship with our animal friends: it is a way of understanding the fundamentals of our own language, of discovering that ur-language we share with other parts of nature than […]
ref: 2006, Frederick Turner, Natural Religion:
text: What innate ideas did he have? Did he know of God and Creation? What was his language—the urlanguage that gave rise to all the languages of the world, the language all men brought with them […]
ref: 2010, T. Coraghessan Boyle, Wild Child: Stories:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A basic or original language; proto-language.
ur-language
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ur-languages
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of urlanguage.
scamblingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more scamblingly
form: most scamblingly
Etymology: From scambling + -ly.
Senses: glosses: With turbulence and noise.
glosses: Strugglingly.
glosses: With intrusive audaciousness.
maddingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more maddingly
form: most maddingly
Etymology: From madding + -ly.
Senses: glosses: maddeningly
triradiate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /trʌɪˈreɪdɪət/
Forms: form: triradiated
Etymology: From tri- + radiate.
Senses: examples: text: Three beautiful little semicircular horny saws, arranged in a triradiate manner, so that their edges meet in the centre.
ref: 1846, R. Patterson, Introduction to Zoology:
text: The triradiate spores of Asterosporium.
ref: 1875, Mordecai Cubitt Cooke, Fungi: their nature, influence, and uses:
glosses: Having or consisting of three rays; radiating in three directions from a central point; three-rayed, trifurcate.
triradiate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /trʌɪˈreɪdɪət/
Forms: form: triradiates
form: triradiated
Etymology: From tri- + radiate.
Senses: examples: text: The triradiates are regular with straight, conical, and gradually sharp-pointed rays, measuring 60 - 150 μm in length and 8 - 14 μm thick at the base.
ref: 2023 November 24, Wikipedia contributors, “Clathrina mutsu”, in English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation:
glosses: A triradiate sponge-spicule.
Ur-Germanic
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Urgermanic
form: Urgermanish
Etymology: From ur- (“original”) + Germanic.
Senses: examples: text: If now these prefixes are to be connected, as it seems they should be, they point to an urgermanic vowel sound differing but little, if any, in degree of openness from urgermanic e.
ref: 1896, Frank Hamilton Fowler, The negatives of the Indo-European languages:
text: In Germanic the distinction between perfectives and imperfectives is a survival of what was perhaps a vital distinction in Ur-germanic.
ref: 1917, University of North Carolina (1793-1962). Philological Club, Studies in philology:
text: OE. changes unstressed 'i' into 'e' and drops '-n' in Uroe.; the oblique cases in OE. are: micile throughout, the Urgermanic forms were: acc. [...]
ref: 1939, Niels Bøgholm, English speech from an historical point of view:
text: We are immediately confronted with a compound triple disjunction: 1) -*s and -*z fell together in Ur-Germanic as nondistinctive variants of a single phoneme ; or 2) they fell together in Ur-Germanic as a single sound [...]
ref: 1941, Douglas Chrétien, Indo-European final-*s in Germanic:
text: This practice of divided sovereignty over land, which survived into the twentieth century as the Almen of Upper Germany, seemed also to Biicher to respond to “an Ur-Germanic instinct,” [...]
ref: 2005, Heath Pearson, Origins of Law and Economics:
text: They stood in relation to these various tribes as an Ur-Germanic people of remarkable size and prowess.
ref: 2010, John D. Niles, Homo Narrans: The Poetics and Anthropology of Oral Literature:
text: Before the early 1930s, pamphlets and journals hardly ever celebrated incineration as an ur-Germanic tradition.
ref: 2011, Alon Confino, Paul Betts, Dirk Schumann, Between Mass Death and Individual Loss:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Hypothetical prehistoric ancestor language of all Germanic languages, including English; Proto-Germanic.
Synonyms: Common Germanic
Germanic
Proto-Germanic
Related terms: The category of Proto-Germanic on Wiktionary
lumpingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more lumpingly
form: most lumpingly
Etymology: From lumping + -ly.
Senses: glosses: So as to lump together.
triradiated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of triradiate.
jawbreakingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more jawbreakingly
form: most jawbreakingly
Etymology: From jawbreaking + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a way that is very difficult to say or pronounce.
divaricatingly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more divaricatingly
form: most divaricatingly
Etymology: From divaricating + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a way that divaricates or diverges; branchingly.
symbologenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more symbologenic
form: most symbologenic
Etymology: From symbol + -o- + -genic.
Senses: glosses: Creating symbols or symbolism.
borderlinking
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From border + linking. Coined by Bracha L. Ettinger.
Senses: qualifier: matrixial theory
glosses: The linking together of borderspaces.
wikipedia: Bracha L. Ettinger
Levinasian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Levinasian
form: most Levinasian
Etymology: From Levinas + -ian.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995), French philosopher and Talmudic commentator.
Kinshasan
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more Kinshasan
form: most Kinshasan
Etymology: From Kinshasa + -an.
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to Kinshasa, capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kinshasan
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Kinshasans
Etymology: From Kinshasa + -an.
Senses: examples: text: This initiative gave birth to an urban movement, the […] SAPE: a way of expressing an identity that was antipoverty, antidepression, and antipower (because it opposed the abas-cost, the uniform imposed by Mobutu) for thousands of young Kinshasans, as well as for Brazzavillians on the other side of the Congo River.
ref: 2002, Frank Tenaille, translated by Steven Toussaint and Hope Sandrine, Music Is the Weapon of the Future: Fifty Years of African Popular Music, Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books, →ISBN, page 182:
glosses: A native or inhabitant of Kinshasa.
Kinshasans
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Kinshasan
ur-type
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ur-types
form: urtype
Etymology: From ur- (“original”) + type.
Senses: examples: text: The simple ur-type is the value of the primitive type definition and base type definition properties of a simple type if—and only ... No simple types not defined in the Schema Recommendation may be directly derived from the simple ur-type.
ref: 2003, Cliff Binstock, The XML Schema Complete Reference:
text: The array in the following example is of type ur-type, which is the base type of all the other XML schema types. The ur-type is analogous to the Object type in Java.
ref: 2004, Richard Monson-Haefel, J2EE Web services:
glosses: A basic, primitive, or original type; prototype.
fragilize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: fragilizes
form: fragilizing
form: fragilized
form: fragilized
form: fragilise
Etymology: From fragile + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: It is a pluralist world, in which many forms of belief and unbelief jostle, and hence fragilize each other.
ref: 2009, Charles Taylor, A Secular Age, page 531:
text: Republicans have been good at fragilizing large corporations through bailouts, and Democrats have been good at fragilizing the government.
ref: 2011, Council on Foreign Relations, The New Arab Revolt:
text: Osteoporosis is a generalized skeletal disease classified as an osteopenic fragilizing osteopathy that predisposes individuals to a greater risk of fracture.
ref: 2022, Hans-Christoph Pape, Stephen L. Kates, Christian Hierholzer, Senior Trauma Patients: An Integrated Approach, page 34:
glosses: To make fragile.
Related terms: fragilization
fragilized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of fragilize
fragilizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of fragilize
fragilizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of fragilize
borderspace
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: borderspaces
Etymology: From border + space.
Senses: qualifier: matrixial theory
glosses: A space between conceptual borders such as culturally-imposed binaries.
Related terms: borderlinking
borderspacing
borderwork
borderspaces
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of borderspace
McLuhanian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more McLuhanian
form: most McLuhanian
Etymology: From McLuhan + -ian.
Senses: examples: text: Psychoanalytic and neoanalytic egopsychology represents a subjectivist counterpoint to McLuhanian posthumanism, and indeed, Americana is written within the confluence of both psychoanalytic and McLuhanian schools of thought.
ref: 2010, Randy Laist, Technology and Postmodern Subjectivity in Don DeLillo's Novels, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 19:
glosses: Of or relating to Marshall McLuhan (1911–1980), Canadian educator and philosopher, known for coining the expressions "the medium is the message" and "global village".
Related terms: McLuhanite
McLuhanized
biochrome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: biochromes
Etymology: From bio- + -chrome.
Senses: glosses: Any pigment produced by a living organism.
Related terms: schemochrome
biochromes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of biochrome
echinochrome
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: echinochromes
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A usually red biochrome found in echinoids.
echinochromes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of echinochrome
mulctuary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌlkt͡ʃuəɹi/
ipa: /ˈmʌlkt͡ʃəɹi/
ipa: /ˈmʌlkt͡ʃuˌɛɹi/
Forms: form: mulctary
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin mulctuārius + English -ary (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining’ to forming adjectives). Mulctuārius is derived from mulcta (“fine”).
Senses: examples: text: The laſt common Branch of the King's Revenue conſiſted of Forfeitures, both of Lands and Goods, in Caſes of Treaſon, and Fines or ſome knovvn mulctuary Puniſhments upon other Crimes, vvhich vvere diſtinctly preſcribed in the Saxon Lavvs, even for Manſlaughter and Murther itſelf; […]
ref: 1695, William Temple, An Introduction to the History of England, London: […] Richard Simpson […], and Ralph Simpson […], →OCLC, page 172:
glosses: Imposing a pecuniary penalty; consisting of, or paid as, a fine.
mulctary
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of mulctuary.
difficulting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of difficult
difficulted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of difficult
ungetting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of unget
ur-mind
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ur-minds
form: ur mind
Etymology: From ur- (“original, primitive”) + mind.
Senses: examples: text: […] whose deification of personal vision, whose wildly romantic glorification of the inner light, first supplied Western thought with an imposing conceptual apparatus by which to justify its habitual excursions into the dark corners of the ur-mind.
ref: 1942, William Allison Shimer, Phi Beta Kappa, The American scholar:
text: […] the non-specific 'deep structure', a deep structure that presumably lies so far down in the ur-mind as to realize itself again and again in all forms of cultural activity, basket-making no less than myth-making, cooking no less than love-making.
ref: 1989, Richard Ellmann, Susan Dick, Essays for Richard Ellmann: Omnium Gatherum:
text: From the muse, from god, from literature itself, the subconscious mind, the Ur-mind, some kind of Jungian other, from the reptilian brain. Who knows? I ride horses a lot, and there's a lot that you feel coming from the horse when you're riding it.
ref: 1999, Susan K. Perry, Writing in flow: keys to enhanced creativity:
text: This Ur-mind also contains information about the future, information available to everyone — but particularly the novelist.
ref: 2003, Angela Hague, Fiction, intuition, & creativity:
glosses: The primitive, subconscious, latent, or unconscious mind; instinct.
bicallose
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Having two callosities or hard spots
inquieted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of inquiet
inquieting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of inquiet
extances
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of extance
rectangularities
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of rectangularity
opiniator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: opiniators
Senses: glosses: Someone who is opinionated.
Synonyms: opiniaster
opiniatre
opiniators
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of opiniator
gurglets
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of gurglet
goutwort
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: goutworts
Etymology: From gout + wort.
Senses: glosses: Goutweed, Aegopodium podagraria.
goutworts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of goutwort
cheesecloths
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cheesecloth
dammy
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: /ˈdæmi/
Senses: examples: text: "[…] I've seen plenty of grand dinners in my time," he said, "and dined, by Jove, in a company where there was a king and royal duke at top and bottom, and every man along the table had six stars on his coat: but dammy, Glanders, this finery don't suit me […]"
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
glosses: Alternative form of damme (“damn me”).
oppignerated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of oppignerate
cowardlinesses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cowardliness
flangers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of flanger
nargileh
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: nargilehs
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of narghile.
nargilehs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of nargileh
nargiles
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of nargile
osoberry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: osoberries
Senses: glosses: Oemleria cerasiformis, the Indian plum, a shrub native to the Pacific coast and ranges of North America.
glosses: The small, blue-black, drupe-like fruit of this plant.
osoberries
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of osoberry
flectors
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of flector
enameller
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: enamellers
Etymology: From enamel + -er.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of enameler.
enamellers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of enameller
enamellist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: enamellists
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of enamelist.
enamellists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of enamellist
milting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of milt
aromatizers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of aromatizer
soporated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of soporate
demster
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: demsters
Senses: glosses: Obsolete form of deemster.
demsters
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of demster
louringly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more louringly
form: most louringly
Etymology: From louring + -ly.
Senses: glosses: frowningly; sullenly
rentering
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of renter
'ill
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: 'ills
Senses: glosses: Pronunciation spelling of hill.
steam coal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: steam coals
Senses: glosses: A coal which has a grade between bituminous coal and anthracite, and which was once widely used as a fuel for steam engines in ships and locomotives.
Synonyms: word: sea-coal
himachalane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: himachalanes
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: The bicyclic sesquiterpene (4aS,9aS)-2,5,9,9-tetramethyldecahydro-1H-benzo[7]annulene that is the basis of many natural products
immunoadsorbent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more immunoadsorbent
form: most immunoadsorbent
Etymology: From immuno- + adsorbent.
Senses: glosses: That adsorbs specific antibodies from a mixture.
immunoadsorbent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: immunoadsorbents
Etymology: From immuno- + adsorbent.
Senses: glosses: A solid preparation of an antigen that adsorbs specific antibodies from a mixture.
ingenane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A particular bridged bicyclic diterpene that is the basis of many natural products
isocedrane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From iso- + cedrane.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: An isomer of the sesquiterpene cedrane that is used in the fragrance industry
cedrane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A bridged bicyclic sesquiterpene that is the basis of many natural products
Derived terms: isocedrane
broken Britain
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: Re-invigorating notions of 'broken Britain', this case has sparked a number of headlining media reports...
ref: 2009, Karen Broadhurst, Chris Grover, Janet Jamieson, Critical Perspectives on Safeguarding Children:
text: This is a society at war with itself and heightens the impression of broken Britain.
ref: 2010, Turk182, “Kent Police Appeal for Specials Who Like Nicking People”, in uk.legal (Usenet):
glosses: Alternative letter-case form of Broken Britain.
isotopomeric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From isotopomer + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to isotopomers
ivaxillarane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Iva axillaris (giant sumpweed).
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A particular sesquiterpene that is the basis of many natural products
cros
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of cro
kempane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A particular tetracyclic diterpene that is the basis of many natural products
lactarane
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Lactarius + -ane.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A particular tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is the basis of many natural products.
lipoapoptosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From lipo- + apoptosis.
Senses: topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: apoptosis caused by exposure to an excess of fatty acids
Related terms: lipoapoptotic
lipocentric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more lipocentric
form: most lipocentric
Etymology: From lipo- + -centric.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Having a focus on lipids as the cause of a condition (to the exclusion of other factors)
Related terms: glucocentric
lipooligosaccharide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lipooligosaccharides
Etymology: From lipo- + oligosaccharide.
Senses: topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of a large class of lipids conjugated with oligosaccharides.
ticket machine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ticket machines
Senses: examples: text: Passengers may find themselves in a catch-22 situation, unable to buy a ticket for any number of reasons, ranging from an out-of-order ticket vending machine to a lengthy queue to use one, and yet then fall foul of the penalty fare regime.
ref: 2023 July 26, Christian Wolmar, “Closing ticket offices to lead to 'catch-22' for passengers”, in RAIL, number 988, page 42:
topics: lifestyle
tourism
transport
travel
glosses: A machine that prints tickets automatically after the customer determines the destination and pays for it.
Synonyms: ticket printer
ticket vending machine
ticket machines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ticket machine
ticket printer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ticket printers
Senses: topics: lifestyle
tourism
transport
travel
glosses: Synonym of ticket machine.
synonyms: word: ticket machine
ticket printers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of ticket printer
ticket vending machine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ticket vending machines
Senses: examples: text: In a very welcome move, ticket vending machines (TVMs) on the route have now added a phrase that explains it well. It lists all the London Terminals to which the ticket may be used, then adds the sentence: "The last rail leg of the journey must be on National Rail services."
ref: 2022 November 2, Barry Doe, “Better information on ticket machines”, in RAIL, number 969, page 61:
topics: lifestyle
tourism
transport
travel
glosses: Synonym of ticket machine.
synonyms: word: ticket machine
glosses: Synonym of TVM.
synonyms: word: TVM