cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
attest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈtɛst/
note: Indic
ipa: /əˈʈɛsʈ/
rhymes: -ɛst
Forms: form: attests
form: attesting
form: attested
form: attested
Etymology: PIE word
 *tréyes
Borrowed from Middle French attester, from Latin attestor (“to witness to, bear witness”), from at-, combining form of ad (“to”) + testor (“to bear witness”), from testis (“a witness”).
Senses: examples: text: When will the appraiser attest the date of the painting?
text: Dishonour not your Mothers: now attest that those whom you call'd Fathers, did beget you.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
text: [W]e have already ſeen many particular facts vvhich are recorded in holy vvrit, atteſted by particular Pagan Authors: […]
ref: a. 1720 (date written), Joseph Addison, “Section III. The Providence of God.”, in The Evidences of the Christian Religion, […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], published 1730, →OCLC, subsection VII, page 25:
text: As the Wildlings can attest, there’s already new life even north of the wall, poking up through the ice. Winter only lasts so long.
ref: 2019 May 19, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 22 May 2019:
glosses: To affirm to be correct, true, or genuine.
examples: text: You must attest your will in order for it to be valid.
glosses: To certify by signature or oath.
glosses: To certify in an official capacity.
examples: text: Her fine work attested her ability.
text: O pardon : since a crooked Figure may / Attest in little place a Million, / And let us, Cyphers to this great Accompt, / On your imaginarie Forces worke.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act PROLOGUE, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:
text: The supplementary bibliography (in Vol. VI) attests to the comprehensiveness of the effort.
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page viii:
glosses: To supply or be evidence of.
glosses: To put under oath.
examples: text: The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state / Attests in oaths, and fears to violate.
ref: 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To call to witness; to invoke.
Derived terms: attestability
attestable
attestation
attested
attestive
attestment
coattest
reattest
unattestable
Related terms: cite
quote
Churu
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A district of Rajasthan, India.
glosses: A city in Churu district, Rajasthan, India.
embarass
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of embarrass.
Sikar
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: A city in Sikar district, Rajasthan, India.
ancipital
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From Latin anceps.
Senses: topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: Two-edged instead of round; said of certain flattened stems, such as those of bluegrass, and rarely also of leaves.
examples: text: This ancipital character of a constitution raises the problem of its adaptability or flexibility. As noted above, many constitutions provide more or less difficult conditions for their amendment, […]
ref: 1988, Thomas Fleiner-Gerster, Modern Constitution, page 192:
glosses: Double; doubtful or ambiguous.
Synonyms: ancipitous
Derived terms: subancipital
concavo-convex
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more concavo-convex
form: most concavo-convex
form: concavoconvex
Senses: topics: engineering
natural-sciences
optics
physical-sciences
physics
coordinate_terms: concavoconcave
glosses: Having one side concave and the other convex.
war bride
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: war brides
Senses: glosses: A woman who marries a man who is on active military duty in wartime; especially, a woman who marries a foreign soldier serving in her country and then emigrates to his.
glosses: A company or individual whose business is increased by warfare.
Coordinate terms: war widow
palochka
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: palochkas
Etymology: From Russian па́лочка (páločka, “little stick”), diminutive of па́лка (pálka, “stick”).
Senses: glosses: A Cyrillic letter used in writing several Caucasian languages.
Related terms: Ӏ
ӏ
gizmo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɪzmoʊ/
Forms: form: gizmos
form: gismo
form: gizmotron
Etymology: Unknown.
Senses: synonyms: gadget
whatchamacallit
thingamajig
glosses: Something, generally a device, for which one does not know the proper term.
Derived terms: gizmology
gizmotic
gizmotronics
wiry
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwaɪ(ə)ɹi/
rhymes: -aɪəɹi
Forms: form: wirier
form: wiriest
Etymology: From wire + -y.
Senses: examples: text: My hair was very wiry in my teens.
glosses: Resembling wire.
examples: text: Don't fight him. He may be small, but he's wiry.
glosses: Thin, muscular and flexible.
fashion
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfæʃən/
rhymes: -æʃən
Forms: form: fashions
form: fashioning
form: fashioned
form: fashioned
form: fascion
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English facioun, from Anglo-Norman fechoun (compare Jersey Norman faichon), variant of Old French faceon, fazon, façon (“fashion, form, make, outward appearance”), from Latin factiō (“a making”), from faciō (“do, make”); see fact. Doublet of faction.
Senses: examples: text: 1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Land That Time Forgot Chapter IX
I have three gourds which I fill with water and take back to my cave against the long nights. I have fashioned a spear and a bow and arrow, that I may conserve my ammunition, which is running low.
text: […] a device fashioned by arguments against that kind of prey.
ref: 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 235b:
glosses: To make, build or construct, especially in a crude or improvised way.
examples: text: Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight.
ref: 1691, [John Locke], Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest, and Raising the Value of Money. […], London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […], published 1692, →OCLC:
glosses: To make in a standard manner; to work.
examples: text: Laws ought to be fashioned unto the manners and conditions of the people.
ref: 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:
glosses: To fit, adapt, or accommodate to.
examples: text: Let me, if not by birth, have lands by wit; All with me's meet that I can fashion feet.
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
glosses: To forge or counterfeit.
Derived terms: disfashion
fashioner
fashioning needle
misfashion
newfashion
refashion
unfashion
unfashioned
stoner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈstoʊnɚ/
rhymes: -əʊnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: stoners
Etymology: From Middle English stoner, stonere, stonare, staner, equivalent to stone + -er (agent noun suffix) or -er (measurement suffix).
Senses: examples: text: At eight you thought of boys as cat drowners and bird stoners. At nine there was another reason for boys' existence: they either noticed you or they didn't, and it desperately mattered which.
ref: 1950, Henry Morton Robinson, The Cardinal:
glosses: One who stones.
glosses: A machine to remove the stones (pits) from fruit.
examples: text: "You're useless when you're high on catnip, you know that?" "Mewww mew?" "No I will NOT put on Dark Side of the Moon and the Wizard of Oz for you. Goddamned stoner cat."
ref: 2006, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 538: Also Some Nachos Please:
glosses: A habitual user of cannabis.
glosses: Someone or something that weighs a certain number of stones.
Derived terms: stoner metal
stoner rock
strapper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -æpə(ɹ)
Forms: form: strappers
Etymology: From strap + -er, principally strap + -er (agent noun suffix). The sense referring to a poorly producing milk cow (from strap + -er) came from a dialectal sense of the verb strap as a troponym of milk: not even the most skilful milking action could coax enough milk from the udder.
Senses: glosses: A large, strong, robust person (usually a man).
glosses: A person who works with straps, as on leather goods.
examples: text: I was, however, but a very brief period employed as a strapper, as from the care and pains which I took in cleaning and watering the horses they soon mended in their jaded, worn-out appearance, for they were regularly fed, because I was regularly sober, a state, I have been informed, in which my predecessor was never in after mid-day.
ref: 1835, The Veterinarian: A Monthly Journal of Veterinary Science:
text: On large establishments a head-man superintends the strappers, and the general management of the horses.
ref: 1855, John Stewart, The Stable Book:
text: A boy was called a strapper because when you cleaned and dressed a horse properly, you had a nice flat towel, and you used to hit them on all the muscles.
ref: 2011, Jan Wositzky, Me & Phar Lap: The Remarkable Life of Tommy Woodcock:
glosses: One who straps horses; now, specifically, someone employed to attend and groom racehorses.
examples: text: “Nabla, Nabla,” says he, “them was the true words of Father Luke's when he said them would lend him a strapper would be repaid twofold. Here comes our own strapper back to us in company with a brave lump of a bullockeen. Faith,” says he, “Father Luke, you're the man for my money, and if ever ye want a strapper again, just tip me the word, and I'll go bail ye'll not want one long; and if ye want two, why, I'll steal one for ye.”
ref: 1905, Lippincott's Monthly Magazine: A Popular Journal of General Literature:
synonyms: duffer
glosses: A cow which yields a small amount of milk.
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A wire that joins two light switches so that a light can be turned off or on from either switch.
Related terms: strapping
Perseus
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɝ.si.əs/
ipa: /ˈpɜː.si.əs/
ipa: /ˈpɜː.ʃəs/
ipa: /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/
Etymology: From Latin Perseus, from Ancient Greek Περσεύς (Perseús).
Senses: topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: The mythological Greek warrior who slew the Gorgon Medusa by decapitating her. He married Andromeda after rescuing her from Ceto and founded Mycenae. He was the son of Zeus and Danae.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It includes the stars Algenib, Algol, and Mirfak.
glosses: The last Antigonid king of Macedonia, Perseus of Macedon.
Derived terms: Persean
Persei
Perseids
Perseus Arm
vapid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvæp.ɪd/
ipa: /ˈveɪp.ɪd/
rhymes: -æpɪd
Forms: form: more vapid
form: most vapid
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin vapidus (“flat, vapid”).
Senses: examples: text: In Koons' best-known works—a life-sized poly-chromed wood replica of Michael Jackson and his pet chimp Bubbles; vapid fin de siècle readymades such as a trio of basketballs floating in a fishtank […]
ref: 1995, Steven Daly, Nathaniel Wice, “Koons, Jeff”, in alt.culture, New York: HarperPerennial, →ISBN:
glosses: Offering nothing that is stimulating or challenging.
examples: text: Then there was a little more trite conversation between Mr. Arabin and Mr. Harding; trite, and hard, and vapid, and senseless.
ref: 1857, Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers, Volume the Second, →ISBN, page 30:
glosses: Lifeless, dull, or banal.
glosses: Tasteless, bland, or insipid.
Synonyms: boring
wearisome
soporific
Derived terms: vapidity
vapidly
vapidness
octogenarian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɑktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛɹiən/
ipa: /ˌɒktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/
Forms: form: octogenarians
Etymology: From Latin octōgēnārius + -an (suffix forming adjectives and representative nouns), either directly or via French octogénaire, from Latin octōgēnus (“80 each”) + -ārius (“-ary”), from octōgintā (“eight tens, 80”).
Senses: examples: text: Mama was by no means the only grandma present, for the octogenarians had turned out en masse from their huts and lean-tos and were paddling about, diving and splashing as unconcernedly as though they really belonged in the sea rather than on land.
ref: 1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka (republished by Eland, 2019; p. 75f; emphasis in original)
text: Finsbury Park station, one of the most important L.N.E.R. suburban junctions, is now an octogenarian.
ref: 1941 October, “Notes and News: Finsbury Park Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 466:
text: To replace logarithmic tables with natural tables required some time. This seems like a modern age, yet I am not an octogenarian and I can remember the dying gasp of the logarithmic table as the standard method of computation. I have seen the desk calculator become a necessary instrument for every scientist who is doing quantitative work.
ref: 1951, IBM Corp., Proceedings, Computation Seminar, page 13:
text: First up for recriminations may be President Biden. What if the octogenarian had stuck to his original suggestion that he’d be a “bridge” president – i.e., a one-termer – and announced he wouldn’t run for a second term early last year, allowing for a proper primary competition among the next generation of Democratic leaders?
ref: 2024 November 6, Linda Feldmann, “What Trump’s historic victory says about America”, in The Christian Science Monitor:
glosses: Synonym of eightysomething: a person between 80 and 89 years old.
synonyms: word: eightysomething
extra: a person between 80 and 89 years old
Derived terms: octogenarianism
octogenarian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɑktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛɹiən/
ipa: /ˌɒktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/
Etymology: From Latin octōgēnārius + -an (suffix forming adjectives and representative nouns), either directly or via French octogénaire, from Latin octōgēnus (“80 each”) + -ārius (“-ary”), from octōgintā (“eight tens, 80”).
Senses: coordinate_terms: vicenarian
tricenarian
quadragenarian
quinquagenarian
semicentenarian
hexagenarian
sexagenarian
septuagenarian
nonagenarian
centenarian
semisupercentenarian
supercentenarian
glosses: Of or related to eightysomethings.
Synonyms: word: octogenary
somnambulist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: [sɒmˈnæmbjʊlɪst]
Forms: form: somnambulists
Etymology: Borrowed from French somnambuliste, from Medieval Latin somnambulus (“sleepwalker”). By surface analysis, somn- + -ambulist.
Senses: examples: text: The clergyman floundered a moment, as is usual with an absent man who is recovering the train of his ideas, or a somnambulist when he is suddenly awakened.
ref: 1824, Sir Walter Scott, chapter 17, in St. Ronan's Well:
text: The slim one got up and walked straight at me - still knitting with downcast eyes - and only just as I began to think of getting out of her way, as you would for a somnambulist, stood still, and looked up.
ref: 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 199:
text: He must have promptly rejected an alternative explanation which would better fulfill the demands of verisimilitude (“My wife, poor thing, in her nervous condition, now is afflicted also with sleepwalking!”), seeing the laborious tasks to which the resumed somnambulist devotes herself: kneeling at the edge of a pit, she anoints the earth with murky philters (unless the implements she holds in her hand are to be interpreted actually as acetylene torches scattering sparks, to melt the lead seals of a coffin).
ref: 1977, William Weaver (translator), Italo Calvino (author), The Castle of Crossed Destinies (first published 1969), part 2, chapter 5, 1969
glosses: A person who walks about in their sleep; a sleepwalker.
Related terms: somnambulate
somnambulistic
caul
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɔːl/
ipa: /kɔl/
ipa: /kɑl/
rhymes: -ɔːl
homophone: call
homophone: coll
homophone: col (cot–caught merger)
Forms: form: cauls
form: call
form: cawl
Etymology: From Middle English calle, kelle, kalle, kolle (“caul, net, basket”), from Old English cāwl, cāul, cēawl, cēaul (“basket, container, net, sieve”), of uncertain origin. Reinforced by Old French cale (“close-fitting cap”), possibly a borrowing of the Old English term above, or alternatively related to Old French calotte (“headdress”), from Italian callotta, from Latin calautica (“type of female headdress which fell down over the shoulders”), itself of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots kell (“caul”).
Senses: examples: text: Ne spared they to strip her naked all. / Then when they had despoild her tire and call, / Such as she was, their eyes might her behold […]
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: A style of close-fitting circular cap worn by women in the sixteenth century and later, often made of linen.
glosses: An entry to a mill lead taken from a burn or stream (a mill lead (or mill waterway) is generally smaller than a canal but moves a large volume of water).
raw_tags: used on maps
topics: anatomy
medicine
sciences
qualifier: obsolete except in specific senses
glosses: A membrane.
glosses: The thin membrane which covers the lower intestines; the omentum.
examples: text: I was born with a caul, which was advertised for sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas.
ref: 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:
text: Even in the mid seventeenth century a country gentleman might regard his caul as a treasure to be preserved with great care, and bequeathed to his descendants.
ref: 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 182:
glosses: The amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth (traditionally considered to be good luck).
glosses: The surface of a press that makes contact with panel product, especially a removable plate or sheet.
topics: arts
business
carpentry
construction
crafts
hobbies
lifestyle
manufacturing
woodworking
glosses: A strip or block of wood used to distribute or direct clamping force.
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
glosses: Caul fat.
troglodytic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more troglodytic
form: most troglodytic
form: trogloditic
Etymology: From Latin troglodyticus, Ancient Greek τρωγλοδυτικός (trōglodutikós, “of cave-/hole-dwellers”) from τρωγλοδύτης (trōglodútēs, “cave-/hole-dweller”) from τρώγλη (trṓglē, “hole”) + δύω (dúō, “enter, go into”), equivalent to troglodyte + -ic.
Senses: examples: text: Foremost of all, of course, were the sight of the fiery caves and the certainty that some troglodytic race inhabited them.
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
synonyms: troglodytish
glosses: Of or pertaining to troglodytes, or dwellers in caves.
examples: text: "There is something more, if I could find a name for it. God bless me, the man seems hardly human! Something troglodytic, shall we say? or can it be the old story of Dr. Fell? or is it the mere radiance of a foul soul that thus transpires through, and transfigures, its clay continent? The last, I think; for, O my poor old Harry Jekyll, if ever I read Satan’s signature upon a face, it is on that of your new friend.”
ref: 1886, Robert Louis Stevensony, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde:
text: You have my thanks for not closing debate in Community Voices, so that the late but thoughtful and intelligent contributions to a controversy isn't squelched. I've found this usually means clawing one's way through mounds of troglodytic gay male misogyny and an occasional off-the-wall lesbian interpretation of gay male sexuality, but it's worth it.
ref: 1980 December 27, Ray Olson, “Spreading The Word”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 23, page 5:
glosses: Like or befitting a troglodyte; brutish, backwards, etc.
lockjaw
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: lockjaws
Etymology: From lock + jaw.
Senses: topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
synonyms: trismus
tetanus
glosses: A spasmodic, nervous system disease brought on by the tetanus bacteria, causing muscles to seize up and may cause death by suffocation.
efflorescence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛfləˈɹɛsəns/
Forms: form: efflorescences
Etymology: Borrowed from French efflorescence, from Latin efflōrēscō (from ex- (“out”) + flōrēscō (“to blossom”)) + -ence. By surface analysis, effloresce + -ence.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The formation of a powdery surface on crystals, as a hydrate is converted to anhydrous form by losing loosely bound water of crystallization to the atmosphere.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: The production of flowers.
topics: business
construction
manufacturing
glosses: An encrustation of soluble salts, commonly white, deposited on the surface of stone, brick, plaster, or mortar; usually caused by free alkalies leached from mortar or adjacent concrete as moisture moves through it.
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: An encrustation of soluble salts, deposited on rock or soil by evaporation; often found in arid or geothermal environments.
examples: text: 1919, a time when African American hopes for a just future following their service in World War I were dashed by violent reassertions of white supremacy, including the efflorescence and expansion of the KKK into the Midwestern and northwestern U.S.
ref: 2015, Heidi Nast, “Pit Bulls, Slavery, and Whiteness in the Mid- to Late-Nineteenth-Century U.S.”, in Rosemary-Claire Collard, Kathryn Gillespie, editors, Critical Animal Geographies, page 138:
text: I’d hoped that when the black hole of the Donald Trump presidency ended, redirected energy might allow for a cultural efflorescence. So far that hasn’t happened.
ref: 2022 August 29, Michelle Goldberg, “The Book That Explains Our Cultural Stagnation”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Rapid flowering of a culture or civilisation etc.
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: A redness, rash, or eruption on the skin.
Derived terms: effloresce
efflorescent
poll
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔl/
ipa: /pəʊl/
ipa: /pɒʊl/
ipa: /pɒl/
ipa: /poʊl/
ipa: /pol/
rhymes: -əʊl
homophone: pole
homophone: Pole
Forms: form: pol
form: pole
Etymology: From Middle English pol, polle ("scalp, pate"), from or cognate with Middle Dutch pol, pōle, polle (“top, summit; head”), from Proto-West Germanic *poll, from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“round object, head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *bolno-, *bōwl- (“orb, round object, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”).
Akin to Scots pow (“head, crown, scalp, skull”), Saterland Frisian pol (“round, full, brimming”, adjective), German Low German Polle, Poll (“round object, ball”), German Low German Poller (“head, tree-top, bulb”), Danish puld (“crown of a hat”), Swedish dialectal pull (“head”).
Meaning "collection of votes" is first recorded 1625, from the notion of "counting heads".
Senses: examples: text: Poll Hereford
text: Red Poll cows
text: Sheep, that is, the Horned sort, and those without Horns, called Poll Sheep [...]
ref: 1757, The monthly review, or, literary journal, volume 17, page 416:
text: About 15000 cattle, comprising 10000 Hereford and Poll Hereford, 4000 Aberdeen Angus and 1000 Shorthorn and Poll Shorthorn, are grazed [...]
ref: 1960, Frank O'Loghlen, Frank H. Johnston, Cattle country: an illustrated survey of the Australian beef cattle industry, a complete directory of the studs, page 85:
text: Otherwise, both horned and poll sheep continue to be bred from an inner stud.
ref: 1970, The Pastoral review, volume 80, page 457:
glosses: Bred without horns, and thus hornless.
raw_tags: of kinds of livestock which typically have horns
poll
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔl/
ipa: /pəʊl/
ipa: /pɒʊl/
ipa: /pɒl/
ipa: /poʊl/
ipa: /pol/
rhymes: -əʊl
homophone: pole
homophone: Pole
ipa: /pɒl/
rhymes: -ɒl
ipa: /pɔl/
ipa: /pəʊl/
ipa: /pɒʊl/
ipa: /pɒl/
ipa: /poʊl/
ipa: /pol/
rhymes: -əʊl
homophone: pole
homophone: Pole
Forms: form: polls
Etymology: Perhaps a shortening of Polly, a common name for pet parrots.
Senses: glosses: A pet parrot.
poll
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɔl/
ipa: /pəʊl/
ipa: /pɒʊl/
ipa: /pɒl/
ipa: /poʊl/
ipa: /pol/
rhymes: -əʊl
homophone: pole
homophone: Pole
ipa: /pɒl/
rhymes: -ɒl
ipa: /pɒl/
rhymes: -ɒl
ipa: /pɔl/
ipa: /pəʊl/
ipa: /pɒʊl/
ipa: /pɒl/
ipa: /poʊl/
ipa: /pol/
rhymes: -əʊl
homophone: pole
homophone: Pole
ipa: /pɒl/
rhymes: -ɒl
Forms: form: polls
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πολλοί (polloí, “the many, the masses”), as in hoi polloi.
Senses: qualifier: Cambridge University
glosses: One who does not try for honors at university, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman.
Related terms: gentleman's C
K9
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkeɪnaɪn/
ipa: /ˈkeɪˌnaɪn/
rhymes: -eɪnaɪn
rhymes: -ænaɪn
rhymes: -aɪn
homophone: canine
Forms: form: K9s
form: K-9
Etymology: Pseudo-acronym of canine, by phonetic similarity of the letter and number names with the two syllables of canine.
Senses: examples: text: Police working dogs (K9s) often have extremely close bonds with their handlers.
ref: 2003, Nicholas H. Dodman, If Only They Could Speak: Stories About Pets and Their People, page 248:
text: Originally a K9 dog for the police department, Captain was asked to resign for unknown reasons.
ref: 2003, Trevor J. Orsinger, The Firefighter's Best Friend: Lives and Legends of Chicago Firehouse Dogs, page 90:
text: Apollo, part of the New York Police Department K9 Search and Rescue team was on the scene of the disaster just 15 minutes after the disaster
ref: 2005, Priya Kapoor, Nandita Jaishankar, VIPs: Very Important Pets, page 71:
text: The Saitama Prefectural Police Department, for example, had no K9 units of its own, and relied on contract dogs exclusively.
ref: 2006, Asa Nonami, Juliet Winters Carpenter, The Hunter: A Detective Takako Otomichi Mystery, page 134:
glosses: A trained police dog.
etiology
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɒlədʒi
Forms: form: etiologies
Etymology: See origins at aetiology § Etymology. By surface analysis, etio- + -logy.
Senses: glosses: US standard spelling of aetiology.
Derived terms: ethnoetiology
etiological
etiologist
etiologize
etiopathology
pathoetiology
slithy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: slīʹthē
ipa: /ˈslaɪði/
Etymology: Blend of lithe + slimy, coined by Lewis Carroll in 1871.
Senses: examples: text: The squid wrapped its slithy tentacles around its prey.
text: 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
ref: 1871, Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky:
text: She wanted to wear these slithy, snaky gowns you see in the pictures in the hallways of the $3 photographers.
ref: 1906, Good Housekeeping, volume 43, page 130:
text: Such a carriage is known as “an araba,” or alternatively as an yaili—a name which is probably onomatopœic, for it is about the “slithiest” thing that runs on wheels.
ref: 1914, Edgar Thomas Ainger Wigram, The Cradle of Mankind: Life in Eastern Kurdistan:
text: Falling roof, hidden shafts, slithiest snakes could not have stopped me after that. I arrived in the sparkling area.
ref: 1917, Gertrude Singleton Mathews, Treasure, page 126:
text: He sweeps down; a frog is pinioned / Swift arrives his faithful soul-mate / True-loves share their slithy dinner.
ref: 2013, Jane Wilson-Howarth, A Glimpse of Eternal Snows:
text: The Beast, slithier even than the Jabberwock and certainly a deal more manxsome as a foe, grips in its claws a dreaded P45 from Piers marking the end of employment at Gussage Court.
ref: 2014, Timothy Edward, Lessons in Humiliation, page 157:
glosses: lithe and slimy or slithery.
wikipedia: Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There
saltpetre
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɔːltpiːtə(ɹ)/
ipa: /sɔːltˈpiːtə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: saltpetres
form: saltpeter
Etymology: From Middle English saltpetre, alteration of Old French salpetre, from Medieval Latin sāl petrae (“salt of the rock”), named so being found as an incrustation. Alteration of the first element is from folk-etymological association with salt (which is, nevertheless, cognate to Latin sāl).
Senses: qualifier: originally
glosses: Potassium nitrate.
glosses: Sodium nitrate.
Synonyms: sense: potassium nitrate
word: Chilean saltpeter
sense: potassium nitrate
word: Chilean saltpetre
sense: potassium nitrate
word: nitrate of potash
sense: potassium nitrate
word: niter
sense: potassium nitrate
word: nitre
sense: potassium nitrate
word: potassium nitrate
sense: sodium nitrate
word: caliche
sense: sodium nitrate
word: Chile saltpeter
sense: sodium nitrate
word: Chile saltpetre
sense: sodium nitrate
word: soda niter
sense: sodium nitrate
word: soda nitre
sense: sodium nitrate
word: sodium nitrate
Derived terms: Chile saltpetre
Chilean saltpetre
Norway salpetre
saltpetre
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɔːltpiːtə(ɹ)/
ipa: /sɔːltˈpiːtə(ɹ)/
Forms: form: saltpetres
form: saltpetring
form: saltpetred
form: saltpetred
form: saltpeter
Etymology: From Middle English saltpetre, alteration of Old French salpetre, from Medieval Latin sāl petrae (“salt of the rock”), named so being found as an incrustation. Alteration of the first element is from folk-etymological association with salt (which is, nevertheless, cognate to Latin sāl).
Senses: glosses: To treat with saltpetre.
nitrate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: nī'trāt
ipa: /ˈnaɪˌtɹeɪt/
ipa: [ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t]
rhymes: -aɪtɹeɪt
Forms: form: nitrates
Etymology: From French nitrate.
Senses: examples: text: Nitrates are most commonly used in fertilizers, especially sodium and potassium nitrates. Numerous water wells have had to be abandoned because of the lack of a way to deal with the problem.
ref: 1992 March 10, “Removal of Nitrates”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: The underground water which feeds Britain's springs and rivers and provides a third of its drinking water is becoming seriously polluted with nitrates, causing a threat to wildlife and landing consumers with a big purification bill.
ref: 2003 August 11, Paul Brown, “Nitrate pollution raises water bills”, in The Guardian:
text: The pinkness of bacon – or cooked ham, or salami – is a sign that it has been treated with chemicals, more specifically with nitrates and nitrites.
ref: 2018 March 1, Bee Wilson, “Yes, bacon really is killing us”, in The Guardian:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any salt or ester of nitric acid.
Derived terms: alkylnitrate
aluminium nitrate
ammonia nitrate
ammonitrate
ammonium nitrate
amyl nitrate
assimilatory nitrate reductase
barium nitrate
beryllium nitrate
cadmium nitrate
caesium nitrate
calcium nitrate
cellulose nitrate
ceric ammonium nitrate
cesium nitrate
copper nitrate
denitrate
dinitrate
ethyl nitrate
gallium nitrate
guanidine nitrate
hexanitrate
hydrogen nitrate
hydroxylammonium nitrate
lead nitrate
lithium nitrate
magnesium nitrate
mercuric nitrate
mercurous nitrate
mononitrate
nickel nitrate
nitrate bath
nitrate of ammonia
nitrate of amyl
nitrate of baryta
nitrate of bismuth
nitrate of calcium
nitrate of cobalt
nitrate of copper
nitrate of lead
nitrate of lime
nitrate of mercury
nitrate of potash
nitrate of potassium
nitrate of silver
nitrate of soda
nitrate of sodium
nitrate of strontia
nitrate reductase
nitrate reductase test
nitrate vulnerable zone
nitratian
nitratine
nitration
nitratite
nitratocuprate
organonitrate
orthonitrate
oxalonitrate
oxynitrate
palladium nitrate
pernitrate
peroxyacetyl nitrate
plumbous nitrate
plutonyl nitrate
potassium nitrate
promethium nitrate
propatylnitrate
protonitrate
rubidium nitrate
silver-copper nitrate
silver nitrate
sodium nitrate
strontium nitrate
subnitrate
sulfonitrate
sulphonitrate
tellurium nitrate
tetranitrate
thorium nitrate
trinitrate
trisnitrate
uranic nitrate
uranium nitrate
uranyl nitrate
nitrate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: nī'trāt
ipa: /ˈnaɪˌtɹeɪt/
ipa: [ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t]
rhymes: -aɪtɹeɪt
Forms: form: nitrates
form: nitrating
form: nitrated
form: nitrated
Etymology: From French nitrate.
Senses: glosses: To treat, or react, with nitric acid or a nitrate
Related terms: nitration
nitrative
nitrator
ester
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛstɚ/
ipa: /ˈɛstə/
rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
homophone: Esther
homophone: str
Forms: form: esters
Etymology: From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.
Senses: examples: text: To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.
ref: 1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:
text: The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.
ref: 1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, →DOI, page 1567:
text: The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.
ref: 1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering, volume 118, number 12, page 60:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
Derived terms: acetylesterase
aminoester
carboxylesterase
diester
elastomultiester
enamino ester
esmolol
esterase
estergum
esterification
esterify
esterize
hemiester
hydroxy ester
iminoester
interester
isoester
jojoba ester
ketoester
monoester
nonester
oligoester
orthoester
oxyester
perester
phosphite ester
phosphoester
polyesteramide
polyphosphoester
selenoester
silicon ester
thioester
transesterification
transesterify
triester
aroma
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈɹəʊmə/
ipa: /əˈɹoʊmə/
rhymes: -əʊmə
Forms: form: aromas
form: aromata
Etymology: From Late Latin arōmata (“spices”) (or arōma (“spice”)), from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).
Senses: examples: text: I love the aroma of cinnamon.
text: David Mason, Beverage and Bar Manager at St. Regis, describes the complex aromas and layered palate of the cognac thus: “It’s kind of autumn flavors. Really nutty, almondy – kind of fig, plum, dried fruits. But it finishes off really smoothly but with a little bit of tobacco leaf.”
ref: 2016 December 16, Peter Shadbolt, “What does a $22,000 cognac actually taste like?”, in CNN:
text: The smell of fresh asphalt hangs heavy in the air at Dore & Totley station. It's even powerful enough to overcome the usual delightful aromas emanating from the well-known curry house which occupies the original platform building.
ref: 2024 May 1, Tom Ingall, “Hope springs eternal for better services”, in RAIL, number 1008, page 52:
glosses: A smell; especially a pleasant spicy or fragrant one.
Synonyms: sense: a pleasant smell
word: fragrance
sense: a pleasant smell
word: nosegay
sense: a pleasant smell
word: scent
word: aroma
word: bouquet
word: essence
word: musk
word: odor
word: perfume
word: redolence
word: smell
word: waft
Derived terms: aromachology
aromaed
aromagram
aroma lamp
aromaless
aromaphyte
aromatherapeutic
aromatherapist
aromatherapy
aromatic
aromatical
aromatize
backaroma
Related terms: word: fragrant
aromatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/
ipa: /ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/
ipa: [ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]
ipa: /ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/
ipa: [ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]
note: Indic
ipa: /ərɵˈmatɪk/
rhymes: -ætɪk
Forms: form: more aromatic
form: most aromatic
form: aromatick
form: aromatique
Etymology: Late Middle English, from Middle French and Old French aromatique, from Late Latin aromaticus, from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).
Senses: examples: text: aromatic herbs
text: aromatic taste
text: Beautifully adorned in tuxedo black with brilliant white stripes or spots, skunks are known mainly for their aromatic properties, but they are also efficient predators of insects and other small game.
ref: 2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press,, →ISBN, page 35:
glosses: Fragrant or spicy.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Having a closed ring of alternate single and double bonds with delocalized electrons.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Derived from benzene.
Derived terms: aminoaromatic
antiaromatic
aramid
arene
aromatical
aromatically
aromatic compound
aromatic duck
aromatic ginger
aromaticity
aromaticness
aromatic rice
aromatic vegetable
aryl
chloroaromatic
diaromatic
fluoroaromatic
haloaromatic
heteroaromatic
homoaromatic
hydroaromatic
monoaromatic
nitroaromatic
nonaromatic
non-aromatic
perchloroheteroaromatic
perfluoroheteroaromatic
persilaaromatic
polyaromatic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
pseudoaromatic
semiaromatic
triaromatic
unaromatic
aromatic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/
ipa: /ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/
ipa: [ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]
ipa: /ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/
ipa: [ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]
note: Indic
ipa: /ərɵˈmatɪk/
rhymes: -ætɪk
Forms: form: aromatics
form: aromatick
form: aromatique
Etymology: Late Middle English, from Middle French and Old French aromatique, from Late Latin aromaticus, from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).
Senses: glosses: A fragrant plant or spice added to a dish to flavour it.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any aromatic compound.
indigent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɪndɪd͡ʒənt/
ipa: /ɪnˈd(a)ɪd͡ʒənt/
Forms: form: indigents
Etymology: From Middle English indigent, from Old French indigent, from Latin indigēns, present participle of indigeō (“to need”), from indu (“in, within”) + egeō (“to be in need, want”).
Senses: examples: text: I liked the streets best, so I walked and stared, and slept in a Salvation Army hostel for indigents. But I was no indigent; I was rich in feeling, and that was a luxury I had rarely known.
ref: 1975, Robertson Davies, World of Wonders, Penguin Books, published 1976, →ISBN, page 161:
text: The influx of indigents overwhelmed the city's meagre social services and affordable accommodation.
ref: 2009, Mara Vorhees, Moscow, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, page 29:
text: Then in 2005 a Republican-led Congress passed a bill requiring millions of low-income people to pay higher co-payments and premiums under Medicaid. The result was that many more indigents had to forgo care.
ref: 2011, Michael Parenti, Democracy for the Few, Wadsworth, →ISBN, page 78:
synonyms: word: bankrupt
word: beggar
word: indigent
word: insolvent
word: have not
word: lack-all
word: Lazarus
word: pauper
word: penny-father
glosses: A person in need, or in poverty.
Related terms: english: not to be confused
translation: not to be confused
word: indigenous
public domain
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpʌblɪk də(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/
ipa: /ˌpʌblɪk doʊˈmeɪn/
rhymes: -eɪn
Etymology: From public (“able to be seen or known by everyone”) + domain (“field or sphere of activity, expertise, or influence”).
Senses: glosses: Often preceded by in the.
The state of not being owned by anyone, and thus freely usable by everyone.
examples: text: As the copyright in this book has lapsed, it is now in the public domain.
text: Any regime applied to the public domain should ensure such free use. Yet, the ‘public domainness’ does not guarantee as such a freedom to access to the resources it contains. Access to a public domain work will depend on many factors.
ref: 2011 March 4, Séverine Dusollier, “SCOPING STUDY ON COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS AND THE PUBLIC DOMAIN”, in World Intellectual Property Organization:
topics: law
glosses: Often preceded by in the.
The state of not being owned by anyone, and thus freely usable by everyone.
The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.
examples: text: Very little information about the treaty is in the public domain.
glosses: Often preceded by in the.
The state of not or no longer being confidential or secret.
glosses: Land regarded as owned by the public, and not subject to a land patent or other forms of private ownership (for example, unowned prairie in the southwestern and western United States).
Derived terms: Public Domain Day
public domainness
Related terms: public property
🅮
ten a penny
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: People with your skills are ten a penny these days.
glosses: So common as to be practically worthless.
Related terms: word: penny
word: a dime a dozen
word: buyer's market
a dime a dozen
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: As though twelve (a dozen) could be purchased for one dime (10¢).
Senses: examples: text: People with your skills are a dime a dozen these days.
glosses: So common as to be practically worthless.
Synonyms: ten a penny
Related terms: buyer's market
spiffy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspɪfi/
rhymes: -ɪfi
Forms: form: spiffier
form: spiffiest
Etymology: Unknown. Attested in print from 1852 (see quotations below). Compare the noun spiff, attested from 1859, as well as spiffing (1872) and spiffed (1881), suggesting participle forms of a related verb. Compare also spiv (“a smartly-dressed criminal”), attested from the 20th century.
Senses: examples: text: He was “great” (as he expressed it) with the Bloomer who kept the bar where their club was held, and whom he styled “a spiffy girl,” and who had been graciously pleased to accept of a pair of very Brummagem-looking earrings, set with paste diamonds, with which he had presented her.
ref: 1852, “How Jeremiah Tubbs became engaged in the Irish elections of 1852”, in New Monthly Magazine and Humorist, page 66:
text: The charming twins came last week, and you should see their clothes. ‘Spiffy’ is the word.
ref: 1906 August 26, “Newport News in London”, in The New York Times, page 9:
text: Plead the fifth, sip wine stiffly / Patiently come up and be spiffy in a jiffy
ref: 2004, MF DOOM, “Vomitspit”, in MM..FOOD:
glosses: Dapper; fine or neat, especially in style of clothing or other appearance.
Synonyms: snazzy
spiffing
spivvy
Derived terms: spiffily
spiffiness
Related terms: spiv
spiff up
spruce up
spiffy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈspɪfi/
rhymes: -ɪfi
Forms: form: spiffies
Etymology: Unknown. Attested in print from 1852 (see quotations below). Compare the noun spiff, attested from 1859, as well as spiffing (1872) and spiffed (1881), suggesting participle forms of a related verb. Compare also spiv (“a smartly-dressed criminal”), attested from the 20th century.
Senses: glosses: A dapper person.
buyer's market
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: buyer's markets
form: buyers' markets
Senses: examples: text: Take any price you can get. We're in a buyer's market right now.
topics: business
coordinate_terms: seller's market
glosses: An excess of supply over demand, leading to abnormally low prices.
seller's market
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: seller's markets
form: sellers' markets
Senses: examples: text: Pay any price you have to. We're in a seller's market right now.
topics: business
economics
finance
sciences
coordinate_terms: buyer's market
glosses: An excess of demand over supply, leading to abnormally high prices; a market condition favoring the seller.
than a bygod
Language: English
Part of speech: phrase
Senses: examples: text: It's colder than a bygod out there!
text: It was a typical Texas summer: hotter than a bygod and not a cloud in sight.
glosses: Used with a comparative to express extreme heat or cold.
bust ass cold
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: It was bust ass cold out, but I still had to go in to work.
glosses: Extremely cold.
hydrocarbon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hydrocarbons
Etymology: From hydro- + carbon.
Senses: examples: text: Chofen is an unusually small hydrogen-helium gas giant, with traces of sulphur and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. The Alliance surveyor ship Ibn Battuta provided inconclusive evidence of hydrocarbon life in the atmosphere (over 1000 meters below the cloud tops), where pressure compresses Chofen's hydrogen into a liquid state.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Chofen planetary description:
text: Researchers analysed samples of nurdles and burnt lumps of plastic from four Sri Lankan beaches for heavy metals and various chemicals, including benzotriazole UV-stabilisers, which are used to prevent discoloration in plastics, bisphenols and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
ref: 2022 February 9, Karen McVeigh, “‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ”, in The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, retrieved 11 Feb 2022, Seascape: the state of our oceans:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
hyponyms: alkane
alkene
alkyne
cycloalkane
cycloalkene
arene
glosses: A compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Derived terms: Clar's hydrocarbon
fluorochlorohydrocarbon
halohydrocarbon
hydrocarbonaceous
hydrocarbonic
multi-hydrocarbon
nonhydrocarbon
non-hydrocarbon
Platonic hydrocarbon
polyaromatic hydrocarbon
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
polyhydrocarbon
Related terms: aliphatic
aromatic
petroleum