darken
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑɹkən/
ipa: /ˈdɑːkən/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)kən
Forms: form: darkens
form: darkening
form: darkened
form: darkened
form: no-table-tags
form: glossary
form: darken
form: darken
form: darkened
form: darken
form: darkenest
form: darkened
form: darkenedst
form: darkens
form: darkeneth
form: darkened
form: darken
form: darkened
form: darken
form: darkened
form: darken
form: -
form: darkening
form: darkened
Etymology: From Middle English derkenen, dirkenen, from Old English *deorcnian, *diercnian (“to darken”), from Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”), equivalent to dark + -en.
Cognate with Scots derken, durken (“to darken”), Old High German tarchanjan, terchinen (“to darken”), Middle High German terken, derken (“to darken”).
Senses: examples: text: […] they [locusts] covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened […]
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 10:15:
text: So spake the Sovran voice, and Clouds began
To darken all the Hill […]
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 56-58:
glosses: To make dark or darker by reducing light.
examples: text: […] the owl and the bat flew round the darkening trees:
ref: 1783, William Blake, “The Couch of Death”, in Richard Herne Shepherd, editor, Poetical Sketches, London: Basil Montagu Pickering, published 1868, page 84:
text: […] leaning at her window she watched the end of that eventful day darken over the ranges.
ref: 1930, Zane Grey, “Chapter Twelve”, in The Shepherd of Guadeloupe:
glosses: To become dark or darker (having less light).
examples: text: Well, I must go in now; and you too: it darkens.
ref: 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter XV, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 289:
text: Then they passed out from the Forum, forced their way through the crowded streets, and soon were through the Porta Ratumena, outside the walls, and struck out across the Campus Martius, upon the Via Flaminia. It was rapidly darkening.
ref: 1901, William Stearns Davis, “Chapter 4”, in A Friend of Cæsar, New York: Macmillan, page 57:
text: From babyhood until fourteen, to play in a garden in the evening when it is darkening is a legend.
ref: 1945, Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen, London: B.T. Batsford, page 13:
text: It had been fine all morning, but it was darkening now, the weather was going to get worse.
ref: 1996, Colm Tóibín, “Portrait of the Artist as a Spring Lamb”, in The Kilfenora Teaboy: A Study of Paul Durcan, Dublin: New Island Books, page 7:
text: He looked up. It was darkening here as well. Sky getting red, the edge of the quarry dark and jagged against it.
ref: 2005, David Almond, chapter 10, in Clay, London: Hodder Literature, page 44:
glosses: To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud).
examples: text: She puts on lipstick and darkens her eyebrows, which are now very scanty […]
ref: 2009, Alice Munro, “Free Radicals”, in Too Much Happiness, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, page 118:
glosses: To make dark or darker in colour.
examples: text: The lovely hair had lost its rose-gold glimmer, and had darkened to rose-brown […]
ref: 1979, Mary Stewart, The Last Enchantment, New York: Fawcett Crest, Book 4, Chapter 4, p. 405:
glosses: To become dark or darker in colour.
examples: text: With these forced thoughts, I prithee, darken not
The mirth o’ the feast.
ref: c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:
text: It was a pleasure seeing you again. I’m only sorry I had to darken the pleasure with my private problems.
ref: 1969, Chaim Potok, chapter 4, in The Promise, New York: Fawcett Crest, published 1872, page 89:
glosses: To render gloomy, darker in mood.
examples: text: 1797, Ann Radcliffe, The Italian, London: T. Cadell Jun[ior] and W. Davies, Volume 2, Chapter 9, p. 303,
His countenance darkened while he spoke […]
text: Alice’s big eyes darkened with trouble.
ref: 1942, Emily Carr, “Mrs. Crane”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:
glosses: To become gloomy, darker in mood.
examples: text: Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see […]
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 9:10:
text: 1773, Samuel Johnson, letter to James Boswell dated 5 July, 1773, in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, Volume I, London: Charles Dilly, p. 424,
When your letter came to me, I was so darkened by an inflammation in my eye, that I could not for some time read it.
text: Such clouds of nameless trouble cross
⁠All night below the darken’d eyes;
⁠With morning wakes the will, and cries,
‘Thou shalt not be the fool of loss.’
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto IV”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To blind, impair the eyesight.
glosses: To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight.
examples: text: Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:2:
text: […] such was his wisdome, as his Confidence did seldome darken his Fore-sight […]
ref: 1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:
text: His [Edmund Spenser’s] stile was in his own time allowed to be vicious, so darkened with old words and peculiarities of phrase, and so remote from common use, that Johnson boldly pronounces him to have written no language.
ref: May 14 1751, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, volume 4, number 121, London: J. Payne & J. Bouquet, page 193:
text: “Darken not counsel,” said Corund, “to me and my sons. Have I not these four years past been as a brother unto thee, and wilt thou still be secret toward us?”
ref: 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 18:
glosses: To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible.
examples: text: I must not think there are
Evils enow to darken all his goodness:
ref: c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:
glosses: To make foul; to sully; to tarnish.
examples: text: The Danube to the Severn gave
⁠The darken’d heart that beat no more;
⁠They laid him by the pleasant shore,
And in the hearing of the wave.
ref: 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XIX”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 32:
glosses: To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die.
Synonyms: blacken
dusk
swarten
Derived terms: bedarken
darken a church door
darken down
darkener
darken someone's door
darken someone's doorstep
darken someone's doorway
darken up
endarken
overdarken
redarken
Related terms: dark