cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
water-cooler
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more water-cooler
form: most water-cooler
Senses: examples: text: For amusing one-liners, news, and water-cooler chatter about Palin from the Twitterati, please keep checking in on our "McCain VP Watch" Twitter widget on our blog to the right.
ref: 2008 September 3, Sarah Lai Stirland, “Sarah Palin’s Campaign Debut Electrifies the GOP, Galvanizes The Twitterati”, in Wired, San Francisco, Calif.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 21 Dec 2016:
text: Discussion of a new bridge has been a staple of water-cooler gossip for decades.
ref: 2022 March 27, Cory McCoy, “Richland looks at fixing traffic congestion without new bridge”, in Tri-City Herald, volume 120, number 86, page 8A, column 2:
text: She’s becoming a one-name water-cooler topic — Did you watch Caitlin last night?
ref: 2023 March 31, Rick Reilly, “Meet the Queen Kong of Hoops, Iowa’s Caitlin Clark”, in Lexington Herald-Leader, volume 41, number 88, page 4B, column 1:
glosses: Alternative form of water cooler.
ROTFLMAO
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Forms: form: ROFLMAO
Etymology: Contraction of ROTFL + LMAO. Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass/Arse Off.
Senses: glosses: Used to express great amusement.
Synonyms: sense: mild amusement
word: LOL
word: PMSL
Related terms: LMAO
LMFAO
ROFL
ROTFL
asp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æsp/
rhymes: -æsp
Forms: form: asps
Etymology: From Middle English aspe, from Old French aspe, from Latin aspis, aspidis (“asp, viper”), from Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield; Egyptian cobra Naja haje”); compare Middle English aspide.
Senses: glosses: A water snake.
glosses: A venomous viper native to southwestern Europe (Vipera aspis).
glosses: The Egyptian cobra (Naja haje).
examples: text: 'Two thousand years ago did thou and I and that Egyptian asp rest therein, but since then have I not set foot here, nor any man, and perchance it has fallen,' and, followed by the rest of us, she passed up a vast flight of broken and ruined steps into the outer court, and looked round into the gloom.
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
glosses: An evil person; a snake.
glosses: A type of European fish (Aspius aspius).
glosses: The caterpillar of various types of flannel moths which induce an intense pain when their hair is touched.
glosses: The caterpillar of various types of flannel moths which induce an intense pain when their hair is touched.
Any caterpillar which inflicts a sharp pain when their hair is touched.
Synonyms: sense: Vipera aspis
word: asp viper
sense: Vipera aspis
word: European asp
sense: Vipera aspis
word: aspis viper
Derived terms: aspish
asplike
sand asp
asp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æsp/
rhymes: -æsp
Forms: form: asps
Etymology: From Middle English aspe (aspen (in compounds)), from Old English æspe (æspan (in compounds)), from Proto-West Germanic *aspu, from Proto-Germanic *aspō, from Proto-Indo-European *Hosp-.
See also Dutch esp, German Espe, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål asp, Norwegian Nynorsk osp; also Welsh aethnen, Latin abiēs (“fir”), Latvian apse, Polish osa, Old Armenian ոփի (opʻi, “poplar”).
Senses: glosses: An aspen tree.
Derived terms: quaking asp
asp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /æsp/
rhymes: -æsp
Senses: examples: text: Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 (2009 asp 9)
topics: law
glosses: Initialism of Act of the Scottish Parliament.
raw_tags: in citation
CAP
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: CAPs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of conservation action plan.
glosses: Initialism of catabolite activator protein.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Initialism of community-acquired pneumonia.
topics: computing
computing-theory
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Initialism of consistency, availability, partition-tolerance, three irreconcilable guarantees in distributed systems, a result known as Brewer's theorem.
glosses: Initialism of combat air patrol.
glosses: Initialism of change acceleration process.
glosses: Initialism of colors and placements.
CAP
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: The fact remains that if Ukraine joins, the CAP budget will either have to be increased dramatically or will evaporate, given the sheer area of agricultural land in Ukraine (it’s bigger than the whole of Italy), with the average farm taking up about 1,000 hectares compared to 16 hectares in the rest of the EU.
ref: 2023 September 30, Patrick Wintour, quoting Marija Golubeva, “‘No turning back’: how the Ukraine war has profoundly changed the EU”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Initialism of Common Agricultural Policy.
glosses: Initialism of Civil Air Patrol.
glosses: Initialism of Colleague Assistance Program.
CND
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: C.N.D. supporters
Their ban the bomb badges beginning to rust
Have scrawled 'I told you so' in the dust
ref: c. 1972, Roger McGough, Icarus Allsorts:
glosses: Initialism of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
sopranist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: sopranists
Senses: glosses: a male soprano singer
cross the floor
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: crosses the floor
form: crossing the floor
form: crossed the floor
form: crossed the floor
Senses: topics: government
politics
glosses: To vote against one’s own political party in parliament.
raw_tags: of a member of a parliament
examples: text: Two weeks ago, Mr Davies intimated to Mr Brown that he was ready to cross the floor.
ref: 2007 June 27, Philip Webster, Francis Elliott, “How Brown led his latest recruit across the floor”, in Times of London, retrieved 09 Nov 2008:
topics: government
politics
glosses: To resign from one’s political party and join another party, resulting in moving from one’s currently assigned desk or seat in the legislative chamber to a new desk or seat physically located with the other members of one’s new party.
raw_tags: of a member of a parliament
Synonyms: cross the aisle
prewar
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹiːˈwɔː/
ipa: /pɹiˈwɔɹ/
Etymology: From pre- + war.
Senses: examples: text: In this metropolis that had a prewar population of almost a million, but where the city center now feels like an Orwellian ghost town of propaganda posters and armed patrols, perhaps no one feels more alone than those who still harbor pro-Ukrainian sentiments.
ref: 2014 September 25, Anthony Faiola, “An Orwellian nightmare for pro-Ukrainians in rebel-held east”, in The Washington Post, Nash Holdings, LLC, archived from the original on 14 Mar 2016, retrieved 25 Sep 2014:
glosses: Alternative form of pre-war.
snigger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsnɪɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈsnɪɡə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: sniggers
form: snicker
Etymology: British variant pronunciation and spelling of snicker.
Senses: examples: text: Here the unfeeling Toad broke into a snigger, and then pulled himself together and tried to look particularly solemn.
ref: 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 255:
glosses: A partly suppressed or broken laugh.
glosses: A sly or snide laugh.
snigger
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsnɪɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈsnɪɡə(ɹ)/
rhymes: -ɪɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: sniggers
form: sniggering
form: sniggered
form: sniggered
form: snicker
Etymology: British variant pronunciation and spelling of snicker.
Senses: examples: text: […]presently the Mole's spirits revived again, and he was even able to give some straight back-talk to a couple of moorhens who were sniggering to each other about his bedraggled appearance.
ref: 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, pages 21–22:
text: Peter, after the manner of man at the breakfast table, had allowed half his kedgeree to get cold and was sniggering over a letter. Sophia looked at him sharply. The only letter she had received was from her mother. Sophia's mother was not a humourist.
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
text: That said, I still find it hard not to snigger when I hear [Travis] Kelce described as being the Kansas City Chiefs' tight end.
ref: 2025 August 30, Jo Ellison, “Taylor Swift is entering her conservative era”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 20:
glosses: To emit a snigger.
cupidity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kjuːˈpɪdəti/
Forms: form: cupidities
Etymology: From French cupidité, from Latin cupiditās (“strong desire”), from cupidus (“keen, desirous”). Compare Cupid.
Senses: examples: text: A bargain is a social evil; one man's loss, tempting another man's cupidity.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A Late Breakfast”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 71:
text: Now Jonah’s Captain, shipmates, was one whose discernment detects crime in any, but whose cupidity exposes it only in the penniless.
ref: 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 9:
text: His affairs, however, were not allowed to subside thus quietly, and people were quite as much inclined to talk about the disinterested sacrifice he had made, as they had before been to upbraid him for his cupidity.
ref: 1857, Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers, Volume the First, →ISBN, page 11:
text: “I have tried, as I hinted, to enlist the co-operation of other capitalists, but experience has taught me that any appeal is futile that does not impinge directly upon cupidity. …”
ref: 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:
text: Humanity had always been fascinated by the mystery of the falling dice, the turn of a card, the spin of the pointer. At its lowest level, this interest was based on mere cupidity—and that was an emotion that could have no place in a world where everyone possessed all that they could reasonably need.
ref: 1956, Arthur C. Clarke, The City and the Stars, page 37:
text: It was easy to dissimulate and disperse these modest purchases in such a way as not to excite the cupidity of any passing patrols.
ref: 1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance, Faber & Faber 2004 (Avignon Quintet), p. 784
glosses: Extreme greed, especially for wealth.
Synonyms: sense: extreme greed
word: avarice
word: covetousness
word: greed
Related terms: cupid
go in the out door
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: goes in the out door
form: going in the out door
form: went in the out door
form: gone in the out door
Senses: glosses: To engage in anal sex.
Related terms: back door
culvert
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌlvə(ɹ)t/
Forms: form: culverts
Etymology: Origin obscure, with a number of possible etymologies suggested:
* a dialectal word,
* a word related to the name of the now-forgotten inventor,
* a derivation from French couvert (“covered”), although couvert is not used in this sense and the French translation of culvert is ponceau or buse de drainage,
* a derivation from an unrecorded Dutch word, possibly *coul-vaart, a combination of Dutch coul-, from French couler (“to flow”), and Dutch vaart (“a trip by boat, a canal”).
Senses: examples: text: A raft of twigs stayed upon a stone, suddenly detached itself, and floated towards the culvert.
ref: 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC, page 98:
text: After she left, I ran away for a day, and hid myself, solitary, in a culvert under the railway lines.
ref: 1996, Janette Turner Hospital, Oyster, paperback edition, Virago Press, page 167:
text: It was on the leisurely upswing when, 16 years after we bought our house, a woman driving a fancy S.U.V. jumped the culvert, plowed through the hedge, jumped the culvert again and sped off.
ref: 2024 July 15, Heidi Julavits, “I Put Up a Fence in Maine. Why Did It Cause Such a Fuss?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: A channel crossing under a road or railway for the draining of water.
Derived terms: deculvert
Thorpe Culvert
culvert
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʌlvə(ɹ)t/
Forms: form: culverts
form: culverting
form: culverted
form: culverted
Etymology: Origin obscure, with a number of possible etymologies suggested:
* a dialectal word,
* a word related to the name of the now-forgotten inventor,
* a derivation from French couvert (“covered”), although couvert is not used in this sense and the French translation of culvert is ponceau or buse de drainage,
* a derivation from an unrecorded Dutch word, possibly *coul-vaart, a combination of Dutch coul-, from French couler (“to flow”), and Dutch vaart (“a trip by boat, a canal”).
Senses: examples: text: This led to a great deal of straightening and culverting, which in turn led to a massive loss of biodiversity.
ref: 2020, Ben Aaronovitch, False Value, Gollancz, pages 234–235:
glosses: To channel (a stream of water) through a culvert.
clasp
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæsp/
ipa: /klɑːsp/
ipa: /klasp/
rhymes: -æsp
rhymes: -ɑːsp
Forms: form: clasps
Etymology: Noun dated ca. 1300 and verb dated ca. 1400; from Middle English claspe (“metal catch or hook used to hold things together”), possible metathesis of clapse, which comes from or related to Old English clyppan (“clasp”) (also see clip (verb)). Related to English enclasp (“embrace, hold tightly in one's arms”).
Senses: examples: text: I always have a hard time working the clasp on this necklace!
glosses: A device with interlocking parts used for fastening things together, such as a fastener or a holder.
glosses: A bar or insignia on a medal ribbon, to either indicate an additional award of the medal, or the action or service for which it was awarded.
examples: text: He took her hand in a firm clasp.
text: How few! yet how they creep / Through my fingers to the deep, / While I weep—while I weep! / O God! can I not grasp / Them with a tighter clasp?
ref: 1849 March 31, Edgar Allan Poe, “A Dream Within a Dream”, in The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe: […], volumes II (Poems and Miscellanies), New York, N.Y.: J. S. Redfield, […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 40:
glosses: An embrace, a grasp, or handshake.
Derived terms: claspin
clasp-knife
claspless
clasp lock
clasp locker
handclasp
tie clasp
clasp
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /klæsp/
ipa: /klɑːsp/
ipa: /klasp/
rhymes: -æsp
rhymes: -ɑːsp
Forms: form: clasps
form: clasping
form: clasped
form: clasped
Etymology: Noun dated ca. 1300 and verb dated ca. 1400; from Middle English claspe (“metal catch or hook used to hold things together”), possible metathesis of clapse, which comes from or related to Old English clyppan (“clasp”) (also see clip (verb)). Related to English enclasp (“embrace, hold tightly in one's arms”).
Senses: examples: text: They clasped hands and parted as friends.
text: And when the Boy dropped off to sleep, the Rabbit would snuggle down close under his little warm chin and dream, with the Boy's hands clasped close round him all night long.
ref: 1922, Margery Williams, The Velveteen Rabbit:
text: The poor dear lady shivered, and I could see the tension of her nerves as she clasped her husband closer to her and bent her head lower and lower still on his breast.
ref: 1897, Bram Stoker, chapter 21, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:
glosses: To take hold of; to grasp.
glosses: To shut or fasten together with, or as if with, a clasp.
glosses: To cling.
Synonyms: word: beclasp
sense: grasp tightly
word: begrip
word: grasp
word: grip
sense: shut as if with a clasp
word: attach
word: join
word: put together
Derived terms: clasper
reclasp
stem-clasping
unclasp
Related terms: enclasp
premonitory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹəˈmɑnɪˌtɔɹi/
ipa: /pɹɪˈmɒnɪtəɹi/
ipa: /pɹɪˈmɒnɪtɹi/
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin praemonitōrius.
Senses: examples: text: […] the captain was plainly too much for the branch, which was drooping toward the water, and emitting sounds premonitory of a smash.
ref: 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:
text: Many conditions formerly thought to be purely functional are now known as premonitory evidences of organic disease, and the prognosis must be guarded accordingly.
ref: 1928 December 15, Frank J. Hirschboeck, “Treatment of Functional Heart Disease”, in The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 91, number 24, →DOI, page 1856:
glosses: Serving as a warning or premonition.
Derived terms: premonitory urge
premunition
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: premunition to chickenpox
topics: medicine
sciences
synonyms: premunity
glosses: Immunization due to having had the disease before.
Related terms: premune
tasteful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈteɪstfəl/
rhymes: -eɪstfəl
Forms: form: more tasteful
form: most tasteful
Etymology: From taste + -ful.
Senses: examples: text: Her home was decorated with tasteful, classical furnishings.
glosses: Having or exhibiting good taste; aesthetically pleasing or conforming to expectations or ideals of what is appropriate.
examples: text: Not the fair fruit that on you branches glows / With that ripe red th' autumnal sun bestows; / Nor tasteful herbs that in these gardens rise, / Which the kind soil with milky sap supplies;
ref: 1712, Alexander, transl. Pope, Vertumnus and Pomona, translation of Metamorphoses by Ovid, lines 100–104; republished in The Complete Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1902, page 66:
glosses: Having a high relish; savoury.
glosses: Gay; fashionable.
Synonyms: sense: exhibiting good taste
word: elegant
sense: exhibiting good taste
word: tasty
sense: savoury
word: appetizing
word: delectable
word: delicious
sense: fashionable
word: chic
word: trendy
word: fashionable
Related terms: tastefully
tastefulness
untasteful
preprandial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹiːˈpɹæn.dɪ.əl/
ipa: /ˌpɹiˈpɹæn.di.əl/
Forms: form: praeprandial
form: præprandial
form: pre-prandial
Etymology: From pre- + prandial.
Senses: examples: text: Whilst meditating on the beauty and design as shown in the ant-eater, whose præprandial movements I was intently watching, a young gentleman (not a naturalist) asked me, sotto voce, "what is that contrivance?" "It is a contrivance," said I, "for catching ants, and that is why he is called the ant-eater," I continued to a young lady, who wanted to know the meaning of his name.
ref: 1854, “The Ant-eater”, in Bentley's Miscellany, volume XXXV, London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, page 550:
text: Gauss laid aside his pipe, pulled his velvet cap over the back of his head, returned the Russian dictionary and the little volume of Pushkin to the shelf, and prepared to go for his preprandial walk.
ref: 2006, Daniel Kehlmann; Carol Brown Janeway, transl., Measuring the World, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books; republished London: Quercus, 2007, page 251
text: Patients who demonstrate significant insulin resistance at diagnosis and require insulin therapy may alternate preprandial and postprandial evaluations to enable more rapid optimization of control by using an additional supplemental insulin sliding scale as needed to cover preprandial hyperglycaemia (>100 ml per dl)[…].
ref: 2007, Margarita de Veciana, Arthur T. Evans, “Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes”, in Arthur T. Evans, editor, Manual of Obstetrics, 7th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 285:
text: Social drinkers (as they are sometimes called) may have excellent control over the amount they drink and still look forward to a preprandial aperitif (and miss it when they do not get one).
ref: 2008, Ann M. Manzardo; Donald W. Goodwin; Jan L. Campbell; Elizabeth C. Penick; William F. Gabrielli, Jr., “The Symptoms”, in Alcoholism (The Facts), 4th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 47:
text: The standardized analysis of metabolic parameters in the preprandial and postprandial state may provide important functional clues for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders.
ref: 2010, Johannes Zschocke, “Function Tests”, in Georg F. Hoffmann, Johannes Zschocke, William L[eo] Nyhan, editors, Inherited Metabolic Diseases: A Clinical Approach, Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page 347, column 1:
text: The slight increase in pre-prandial and post-prandial bile acids are suggestive of hepatic dysfunction, but other causes of slight elevations, such as pancreatic or gastrointestinal disease, cannot be ruled out.
ref: 2015, “Answers”, in Kathleen P. Freeman, Stefanie Klenner, editors, Veterinary Clinical Pathology: A Case-based Approach, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 132:
glosses: Occurring before a meal, especially dinner.
Synonyms: word: anteprandial
word: predinner
word: premeal
word: precibal
Derived terms: preprandially
Related terms: postprandially
prandial
preprandial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɹiːˈpɹæn.dɪ.əl/
ipa: /ˌpɹiˈpɹæn.di.əl/
Forms: form: preprandials
form: praeprandial
form: præprandial
form: pre-prandial
Etymology: From pre- + prandial.
Senses: examples: text: They drink, for one thing, sweet ports as preprandials, anathema to most English, who consider them digestifs, or after-dinner company.
ref: 1974, Chicago Guide, volume 23, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 143, column 1:
text: Why have people forsaken martinis, Manhattans, old fashioneds, and other preprandials of long-standing popularity?
ref: 1978, Horizon, volume 21, New York, N.Y.: American Heritage Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 189:
text: 'How's Allison?' I asked over preprandials. He smiled as I ordered Southern Comfort – no ice, no soda; he liked the idea that some things don't change.
ref: 1991, Bernard Bannerman, chapter 4, in The Judge's Song, [U.K.]: Sphere Books; republished Sandy, Bedfordshire: Authors OnLine, 2009
glosses: A predinner drink; an apéritif.
contaminant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtamɪnənt/
Forms: form: contaminants
Etymology: Borrowed from French contaminant, present participle of contaminer (“to contaminate”), from Latin contāmināre. By surface analysis, contaminate + -ant.
Senses: examples: text: Put the lid on the jar to keep contaminants out.
glosses: That which contaminates; an impurity; foreign matter.
Derived terms: biocontaminant
cross-contaminant
decontaminant
microcontaminant
noncontaminant
contaminate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/
Forms: form: contaminates
form: contaminating
form: contaminated
form: contaminated
Etymology: First attested in the early 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; from Middle English contaminaten (“to defile; to infect with desease”), from contaminat(e) (“sullied, defiled; infected with desease”, also used as the past participle of contaminaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), from Latin contāminātus, the perfect passive participle of contāminō (“to touch together, blend, mingle, corrupt, defile”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), which see for further informations. More at taste, tax, and taxi.
Senses: examples: text: This water is contaminated. It isn't safe to drink.
glosses: To make something dangerous or toxic by introducing impurities or foreign matter.
examples: text: Shall we now
 Contaminate our figures with base bribes?
ref: 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
text: I would neither have simplicity imposed upon, nor virtue contaminated.
ref: 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC:
text: [Martin] Heidegger's repellent political beliefs do not contaminate his philosophical work.
ref: 2014 April 12, Michael Inwood, “Martin Heidegger: the philosopher who fell for Hitler [print version: Hitler's philosopher]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), London, page R11:
glosses: To soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact or association.
examples: text: Do not contaminate the peanut butter with the jelly.
glosses: To make unfit for use by the introduction of unwholesome or undesirable elements.
glosses: To infect, usually of a deadly virus.
Derived terms: biocontaminate
contaminator
cross-contaminate
decontaminate
noncontaminating
recontaminate
uncontaminate
Related terms: contaminable
contamination
contaminative
contaminate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/
Forms: form: more contaminate
form: most contaminate
Etymology: First attested in the early 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; from Middle English contaminat(e) (“sullied, defiled; infected with desease”, also used as the past participle of contaminaten), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.
Senses: examples: text: And that this body conſecrate to thee,
By Ruffian Luſt ſhould be contaminate!
ref: c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 89, column 1:
glosses: Contaminated.
raw_tags: used as a participle
glosses: Dirty, sinful, wicked, gross, etc.
in the black
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Etymology: From the standard accounting practice of using black ink, as opposed to red ink, to denote positive values, especially a net income.
Senses: topics: accounting
business
finance
glosses: Having positive net income; having greater income than expenses; making a profit.
topics: accounting
business
finance
glosses: Having positive net worth.
wash-leather
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wash-leathers
Senses: examples: text: This combination shirt, of which the seat was made of wash-leather, protected the whole body down to the knees...
ref: 1887, H[enry] Rider Haggard, Allan Quatermain:
text: One of his waistcoat pockets was lined with wash-leather for the reception of his gold watch.
ref: 1913, E.C. Bentley, Trent's Last Case:
glosses: Leather that has been treated so as to be very absorbent. Usually made of sheepskin treated with oil, and used for dusting or as an absorbent lining in pockets, gloves, etc.
glosses: Buff leather for regimental belts.
Synonyms: chamois leather
funky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /fʌŋki/
Forms: form: funkier
form: more funky
form: funkiest
form: most funky
Etymology: From funk + -y.
Senses: glosses: Offbeat, unconventional or eccentric.
examples: text: By the tone of her voice I could tell she had a funky attitude, but I kept my head under the covers and didn't say shit.
ref: 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 143:
glosses: Not quite right; of questionable quality; not appropriate to the context.
examples: text: Eight-bit Arkanoid is a funky game — not as sexy as its 16-bit sister, but fun to spend time with. I'm hooked.
ref: 1989, inCider magazine (volume 7)
text: I love high heels, and these were totally funky! The coolest part: They actually let me take 'em home!
ref: 2001, ELLEgirl magazine (Autumn 2001, page 127)
text: What every teenage driver desires: a fab, funky car and freedom!
ref: 2006, Sue Cook, Claire Crompton, Quick to Stitch Cross Stitch Cards, page 60:
glosses: Cool; great; excellent.
examples: text: They could scarcely bear their knowledge, nor could they have borne the sight of Rufus, but they knew why he was in the streets tonight, why he rode subways all night long, why his stomach growled, why his hair was nappy, his armpits funky, his pants and shoes too thin, and why he did not dare to stop and take a leak.
ref: 1962, James Baldwin, Another Country, New York, N. Y.: The Dial Press, published January 1963, page 4:
text: JAMES CARTER: You smell a little funky; I think you stepped in some rat shit.
ref: 2001, Jeff Nathanson, Rush Hour 2, New Line Cinema:
text: My husband thinks I'm bathing them more, but I'm not, they just lost that funky smell.
ref: 2017, Bruce Fife, Coconut Therapy for Pets, page 47:
glosses: Having a foul or unpleasant smell.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Relating to or reminiscent of various genres of African American music, especially funk.
glosses: Relating to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking.
Derived terms: funkily
funkiness
funky fresh
UK funky
ultrafunky
unfunky
Related terms: funk
funktastic
decadent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛkədənt/
Forms: form: more decadent
form: most decadent
form: décadent
Etymology: From French décadent, a back-formation from décadence (see -ent), from Medieval Latin dēcadentia, from Late Latin dēcadēns, present participle of dēcadō, dēcidō (“sink, fall; perish”), from Latin dē- + cadō (“fall”).
Senses: examples: text: As societies grow decadent, the language grows decadent, too. Words are used to disguise, not to illuminate, action: you liberate a city by destroying it. Words are to confuse, so that at election time people will solemnly vote against their own interests.
ref: 1992, Gore Vidal, The Decline and Fall of the American Empire:
synonyms: word: corrupted
word: degenerate
word: aberrant
word: corrupt
word: corrupted
word: depraved
word: dirty-handed
word: dissolute
word: effete
word: errant
word: indecent
word: indecorous
word: immodest
word: immoral
word: improper
word: incontinent
word: iniquitous
word: iniquous
word: licentious
word: obscene
word: perverse
word: perverted
word: profligate
word: unduteous
word: undutiful
word: unethical
word: ungodly
word: unjust
word: unprincipled
word: unrighteous
word: unseemly
word: unscrupulous
word: unworthy
word: wrong
glosses: Characterized by moral or cultural decline.
examples: 2003, Hedonismbot in the Futurama episode "The Devil's Hands Are Idle Playthings"
Surgery in an opera? How wonderfully decadent! And just as I was beginning to lose interest!
synonyms: word: epicurean
word: sinful
word: Babylonian
word: decadent
word: epicureal
word: epicurean
word: epicureous
word: epicurish
word: hedonic
word: hedonistic
word: intemperate
word: lotus-eating
word: luxurious
word: self-indulgent
word: sensualistic
word: sinful
word: sybarite
word: sybaritic
word: sybaritical
word: voluptuarian
word: voluptuary
glosses: Luxuriously self-indulgent.
Derived terms: decadentism
decadently
nondecadent
undecadent
Related terms: decadence
decadent
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛkədənt/
Forms: form: decadents
form: décadent
Etymology: From French décadent, a back-formation from décadence (see -ent), from Medieval Latin dēcadentia, from Late Latin dēcadēns, present participle of dēcadō, dēcidō (“sink, fall; perish”), from Latin dē- + cadō (“fall”).
Senses: examples: L. Douglas
He had the fastidiousness, the preciosity, the love of archaisms, of your true decadent.
glosses: A person affected by moral decay.
truancy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ʊənsi
Forms: form: truancies
Etymology: From truant + -cy.
Senses: glosses: The act of shirking from responsibilities and duties, especially from attending school.
Synonyms: word: beaking
word: bunking
word: bobbing
word: cutting class
word: dipping
word: ditching
word: dogging
word: going on the hop
word: going on the lang
word: going on the mitch
word: jigging
word: kidding
word: mitching
word: pawning
word: pipping
word: playing hooky
word: poning
word: sculling
word: self-motivated field trip
word: skipping
word: skiving
word: skidgin
word: sluffing
word: truancy
word: truantness
word: tula
word: wagging
Derived terms: antitruancy
Related terms: word: absenteeism
word: play hooky
word: shirk
shirk
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: shûk
ipa: /ʃɜːk/
enpr: shûrk
ipa: /ʃɝk/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)k
homophone: SSHRC
Forms: form: shirks
form: shirking
form: shirked
form: shirked
Etymology: First use appears c. 1633, in the publications of Shackerley Marmion, apparently from association with shark (verb), or otherwise directly from German Schurke (“rogue, knave”).
Senses: examples: text: the usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties
ref: 1826, Julius Hare, Guesses at Truth by Two Brothers:
text: Back in school, you ever get busted for trynna walk and have some administrator tell you / "Son, you can shirk your obligations, / and try to be different from your peers, / but responsibility, your future / is gonna find you!"
ref: 1989, “Gonna Find You”, in Operation Ivy (CD), performed by Operation Ivy, Lookout Records, →OCLC:
glosses: To avoid, especially a duty, responsibility, etc.; to stay away from.
examples: text: If you have a job, don't shirk from it by staying off work.
text: September 7, 1830, Lord Byron, letter to Mr. Murray
One of the cities shirked from the league.
text: Shapiro and Stiglitz (1984) develop a dynamic model in which firms induce workers to work hard by paying high wages and threatening to fire workers caught shirking.
ref: 1992, Robert Gibbons, A Primer in Game Theory, Prentice-Hall, page 107:
glosses: To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away.
examples: text: You that never heard the call of any vocation, […] that shirk living from others, but time from yourselves.
ref: 1635, Bishop Rainbow, Sermons:
glosses: To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation.
Synonyms: word: shrink
word: blow off
word: dog
word: doss
word: duck
word: flinch
word: goldbrick
word: goof off
word: lollygag
word: malinger
word: procrastinate
word: shirk
word: slack off
word: soldier
word: swing the lead
Hypernyms: word: avoid
word: evade
word: shy away from
Hyponyms: word: desert
word: multislack
word: play truant
word: renege
word: welch
word: chuck a sickie
word: do Abram
word: pull a sickie
word: sham Abram
word: sham Abraham
word: throw a sickie
Related terms: word: lazy
word: idler
word: truancy
shirk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: shûk
ipa: /ʃɜːk/
enpr: shûrk
ipa: /ʃɝk/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)k
homophone: SSHRC
Forms: form: shirks
Etymology: First use appears c. 1633, in the publications of Shackerley Marmion, apparently from association with shark (verb), or otherwise directly from German Schurke (“rogue, knave”).
Senses: examples: text: I may add here that, coming as the soldiers did from all avocations and stations in life, these details for fatigue often brought together men few of whom had any practical knowledge of the work in hand; so that aside from the shirks, who could work but would not, there were other who would but could not, at least intelligently.
ref: 1887, John Davis Billings, Hardtack and Coffee, Or, The Unwritten Story of Army Life, pages 101–102:
synonyms: dodger
glosses: One who shirks, who avoids a duty or responsibility.
shirk
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: shûk
ipa: /ʃɜːk/
enpr: shûrk
ipa: /ʃɝk/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)k
homophone: SSHRC
note: non-rhotic
ipa: /ʃɪɾk/
enpr: shûk
ipa: /ʃɜːk/
enpr: shûrk
ipa: /ʃɝk/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)k
homophone: SSHRC
Etymology: Borrowed from Arabic شِرْك (širk).
Senses: examples: text: A person can have committed shirk in their lifetime and still find forgiveness (especially by saying the Shahada and becoming a Muslim). The concept is that if one dies in this state (as a mushrik, an idolator, one who engages in and does not repent shirk), there is no forgiveness.
ref: 2013, James R. White, What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Qur'an, Baker Books, →ISBN:
topics: Islam
lifestyle
religion
glosses: The unforgivable sin of association (claiming something or someone can share in the oneness of God).
Related terms: mushrik
interference
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈfɪəɹəns/
ipa: /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/
Forms: form: interferences
Etymology: From interfere + -ence. The sense in physics was likely introduced by by English polymath Thomas Young, which he used as early as 1801 in a paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Senses: examples: text: Somewhat impeded by constant political interference of one sort or another, British Railways are nevertheless pressing ahead with a mammoth modernisation programme; [...]
ref: 1961 March, B.A. Haresnape, “Design on the railway”, in Trains Illustrated, page 139:
text: "With magic in limited use and hidden, it was possible to enhance the various magic resistances of humans, and to keep certain forms of magic from being possible. If magic enters common usage, this interference becomes infeasible."
ref: 2018 February 21, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Wednesday, Feb 21, 2018:
glosses: The act of interfering with something, or something that interferes.
examples: text: They were glued to the TV, as the referee called out a fifteen yard penalty for interference.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The illegal obstruction of an opponent in some ball games.
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: An effect caused by the superposition of two systems of waves.
examples: text: They wanted to watch the game on TV, but there was too much interference to even make out the score on the tiny screen.
glosses: A distortion on a broadcast signal due to atmospheric or other effects.
topics: law
glosses: In United States patent law, an inter partes proceeding to determine the priority issues of multiple patent applications; a priority contest.
topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: The interruption of the line between an attacked piece and its defender by sacrificially interposing a piece.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: The situation where a person who knows two languages inappropriately transfers lexical items or structures from one to the other.
Derived terms: biointerference
catastrophic interference
catcher interference
catcher's interference
co-channel interference
conducted interference
interference drag
interference filter
interference fit
interference fringes
interference maximum
interference microscope
interference pattern
negative interference
pan-assay interference compound
positive interference
quantum interference
RNA interference
run interference
thin-film interference
tortious interference
interference
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈfɪəɹəns/
ipa: /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/
Forms: form: interferences
form: interferencing
form: interferenced
form: interferenced
Etymology: From interfere + -ence. The sense in physics was likely introduced by by English polymath Thomas Young, which he used as early as 1801 in a paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Senses: examples: text: In economic terms, the two production processes can be simultaneously implemented without interferencing between themselves.
ref: 2000, PierCarlo Nicola, Mainstream Mathematical Economics in the 20th Century, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 172:
glosses: To interfere.
deduction
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈdʌkʃən/
ipa: /dɪˈdʊkʃən/
ipa: /dɪˈdʌkʃən/
ipa: /diˈdʌkʃən/
rhymes: -ʌkʃən
Forms: form: deductions
Etymology: From Middle French déduction, from Latin deductio.
Equivalent to deduct + -ion or deduce + -tion.
Senses: examples: Near-synonyms: extract, reduction; see also Thesaurus:decrement
glosses: That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed.
examples: text: standard deduction
text: You might want to donate the old junk and just take the deduction.
glosses: That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed.
A sum that can be removed in tax calculations, usually from the taxable amount; something that is written off.
coordinate_terms: tax credit
topics: business
finance
law
glosses: That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed.
A sum withheld from an employee's pay for the purpose of paying tax.
examples: text: He arrived at the deduction that the butler didn't do it.
text: An unkinder deduction, considering only the Select Committee's report and discounting rumours of wayward conclusions by the Stedeford Group, would be that if one inquisition doesn't produce the desired answers, the Minister's policy is "try, try again"—or should one say "fight, fight, fight again".
ref: 1961 January, “Talking of Trains: Marples out of step”, in Trains Illustrated, page 1:
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
antonyms: induction
glosses: A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.
A conclusion; that which is deduced, concluded or figured out
examples: text: Through his powers of deduction, he realized that the plan would never work.
topics: human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
antonyms: induction
glosses: A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.
The ability or skill to deduce or figure out; the power of reason
Derived terms: deduction theorem
natural deduction
neutral deduction
nondeduction
Related terms: tax-deductible
subtract
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈtɹækt/
rhymes: -ækt
Forms: form: subtracts
form: subtracting
form: subtracted
form: subtracted
form: substract
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin subtractus, perfect passive participle of subtrahō (“I draw from beneath; withdraw, remove”); from sub (“under”) + trahō (“I draw, pull, drag”).
Senses: examples: text: If you subtract the $100 for gas from the total cost, it was a fairly inexpensive trip.
topics: arithmetic
glosses: To remove or reduce; especially to reduce a quantity or number.
Synonyms: word: take
word: unadd
word: subtract
word: take away
Hypernyms: word: calculate
Related terms: subtraction
subtractor
leaded type
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: leaded types
Senses: examples: text: A thousand editors have screamed in leaded type that it were "worse for the wealthy to hoard than waste.
ref: 1897, William Cowper Brann, “Bradley-Martin Bal-Masque”, in Brann The Iconoclast, volume 1, published 1905, page 304:
glosses: Printed type which is set with extra leading in such a way as to give the text greater emphasis.
examples: text: There, in leaded type, was the article before him. It seemed, somehow, much more important on the printed page than it had looked in the proof.
ref: 1896, Robert Barr, A Woman Intervenes:
glosses: Printed type in general, as opposed to engravings or handwritten documents.
dejected
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈdʒɛktəd/
Forms: form: more dejected
form: most dejected
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin deicio.
Senses: examples: 1818, Benjamin Franklin, Memoirs, Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, Volume I, p. 73,
I pitied poor Miss Read’s unfortunate situation, who was generally dejected, seldom cheerful, and avoided company […]
synonyms: word: dejectable
word: depressed
word: despondent
word: disheartened
word: atrabiliary
word: atrabilious
word: blitheless
word: dispirited
word: blue
word: bummed out
word: chapfallen
word: cheerless
word: chopfallen
word: crestfallen
word: cut up
word: damp
word: dejected
word: depressed
word: despondent
word: disgruntled
word: disconsolate
word: disheartened
word: dismal
word: doleful
word: dolesome
word: down
word: down in the dumps
word: down in the mouth
word: downcast
word: downhearted
word: downsome
word: dull
word: elegiac
word: elegious
word: forlorn
word: gloomy
word: glum
word: grief-stricken
word: grieving
word: heavy-hearted
word: heartsore
word: heartsick
word: inconsolable
word: infelicitous
word: jawfallen
word: joyless
word: lachrymose
word: lamentful
word: low
word: low-spirited
word: lugubrious
word: lumpish
word: melancholic
word: melancholy
word: miserable
word: moody
word: mopey
word: morose
word: mournful
word: passionate
word: plaintive
word: querulous
word: sad
word: saddened
word: saturnine
word: shattered
word: solemn
word: sombre
word: sorrowful
word: sorrow-ridden
word: sorrowsome
word: spiritless
word: sullen
word: threnetic
word: threnetical
word: triste
word: tristful
word: uncheerful
word: uncheery
word: unconsolable
word: unhappy
word: unlively
word: wistful
word: woe
word: woebegone
word: woeful
word: wretched
antonyms: hopeful
glosses: Sad and dispirited.
Derived terms: dejectedly
dejectedness
undejected
dejected
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈdʒɛktəd/
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin deicio.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of deject
deject
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈdʒɛkt/
rhymes: -ɛkt
Forms: form: dejects
Etymology: From Old French dejeter, from Latin deicere (“to throw down”).
Senses: examples: text: Lovers, lovers, football brothers; rejects, dejects, clowns and crakaz: boot him one, in the nakaz!
ref: 1994, Tom Pickard, Tiepin Eros: New & Selected Poems, page 72:
text: Not at all short of but always with and through perception and words, the sublime is a something added that expands us, overstrains us, and causes us to be both here, as dejects, and there, as others and sparkling.
ref: 2002, Julia Kristeva, Kelly Oliver, The Portable Kristeva, page 238:
text: All are dejects, and all are drawn to the very places and things that threaten their own destruction.
ref: 2013, Aalya Ahmad, Sean Moreland, Fear and Learning: Essays on the Pedagogy of Horror, page 236:
text: On the other side of this double refusal, he is a deject—a ghostly placeholder of the abject; the stray anti-locus of the negative.
ref: 2020, Weird Mysticism: Philosophical Horror and the Mystical Text, page 110:
glosses: One who is lowly or abject.
examples: text: ... the bacteriological examination of the dejects of all persons presenting choleraic symptoms and of all persons who have been exposed to infection and who have loose and frequent discharges from the bowels; the disinfection of the dejects of such persons and of all articles which may possibly be contaiminated by the same; […]
ref: 1894, Brooklyn. Dept. of Health, Annual Report, page 71:
text: Along the 90 kilometers of the Tiete river in the greater São Paulo region, it receives a huge amount of dejects, both industrial and human (the latter, dejects collected by sewer systems, dumped untreated or with inadequate treatment in the river).
ref: 2001, Werner Baer, The Brazilian Economy: Growth and Development:
text: The region is characterized by an intense intervention of anthropogenic activities, existence of more than 1.700 oil wells, dutes, storage and transport structures of gas and oil, ponds for stabilization and treatment of dejects, pumping and collecting stations besides a marine salt industry and wide areas with activities of shrimp farms.
ref: 2007, Martin Kappas, Global Change Issues in Developing and Emerging Countries, page 351:
glosses: A waste product.
Derived terms: dejected
dejection
amate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈmɑːteɪ/
ipa: /əˈmɑteɪ/
Forms: form: amates
Etymology: From Spanish (papel) amate (“amate paper”), from Classical Nahuatl āmatl (“paper”).
Senses: glosses: Paper produced from the bark of adult Ficus trees.
glosses: An art form based on Mexican bark painting from the Otomi culture.