cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Prussianises
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of Prussianise
Prussianising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of Prussianise
psaltress
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Then all is still: earth is a wintry clod;
But spring-wind, like a dancing psaltress, passes
Over its breast to waken it; rare verdure
Buds here and there upon rough banks […]
ref: 1835, Robert Browning, Paracelsus:
glosses: A woman who plays the psaltery.
pseudery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pseuderies
Etymology: From pseud + -ery.
Senses: glosses: The behaviour of a pseud; intellectual pretension.
pseuderies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pseudery
knee-jerky
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more knee-jerky
form: most knee-jerky
Etymology: From knee-jerk + -y.
Senses: examples: text: Could you please resolve to control your knee-jerky impulse to give every Tom, Dick, and Harry (Kupfer?) a standing ovation?
ref: 1991, Gordon Rogoff, American Theatre, volume 8, page 224:
text: Despite possessing a libertarian streak that's widening over time, Buzz doesn't get all knee-jerky in opposing new government regulation, even when politicians start messing with the Internet.
ref: 2003 May 12, Paul McNamara, “Bet on the Internet winning this one”, in Network World, volume 20, number 19, page 64:
text: Yet when Carol called, my immediate reaction — “How sad” or words to that effect — was so inappropriate, so knee-jerky, that I'm embarrassed to report it.
ref: 2006, Carl H. Klaus, Letters to Kate: Life After Life, University of Iowa Press, →ISBN, pages 125–126:
glosses: Exhibiting or characteristic of a rash or automatic response.
Synonyms: knee-jerkish
fulliest
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: examples: text: And therefore, to your objections in this article, which are neither great nor many, I have framed my answer, most out of his mouth who fulliest understood this cause, and ought to be esteemed the best interpreter of his own meaning.
ref: 1603, William Covel, A Just and Temperate Defence of the Five Books "Of Ecclesiastical Polity":
glosses: superlative form of fully: most fully
necro-bump
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: necro-bumps
form: necro-bumping
form: necro-bumped
form: necro-bumped
form: necrobump
form: necro bump
Senses: synonyms: necropost
glosses: To add a new message to a long-dormant conversation.
necro-bump
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: necro-bumps
form: necrobump
form: necro bump
Senses: glosses: The act of necrobumping.
necrobumps
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of necrobump
necrobumps
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of necrobump
necrobumping
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of necrobump
necrobumped
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of necrobump
quasipinning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From quasi- + pinning.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: An approximation to pinning
slimplectic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɛktɪk
Etymology: Blend of slim + symplectic?
Senses: examples: text: We discuss several example systems, including damped harmonic oscillators, Poynting-Robertson drag, and gravitational radiation reaction, by utilizing our new publicly available code to demonstrate the slimplectic integrator algorithm.
ref: 2015, David Tsang, Chad R. Galley, Leo C. Stein, Alec Turner, “Slimplectic Integrators: Variational Integrators for General Nonconservative Systems”, in arXiv:
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: symplectic in a more generalised manner
hypercontractivity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From hyper- + contractivity.
Senses: examples: text: Moreover, we show a uniform bound for the existence time of solutions as well as an optimal hypercontractivity estimate..
ref: 2015, Piotr Biler, Jacek Zienkiewicz, “Existence of solutions for the Keller-Segel model of chemotaxis with measures as initial data”, in arXiv:
topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: Excessive contractivity of the higher frequencies in a Fourier spectrum.
adhesiogenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: The use of BP gives some advantages: the lowest adhesiogenic potential among the prosthetic material, allows blood, growth and pro/anti-inflammatory factors and drugs to reach the surgical field during the healing process enhancing the effect against contamination or infections.
ref: 2015 July 25, Federico Coccolini et al., “The open abdomen, indications, management and definitive closure”, in World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES, volume 10, →DOI:
glosses: That promotes adhesion
Related terms: adhesiogenesis
aminotransaminase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: aminotransaminases
Senses: examples: text: The activities of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) were determined in serum using commercial kits (Human Company, Germany, Cat.
ref: 2015 July 25, Hend M. Tag, “Hepatoprotective effect of mulberry (Morus nigra) leaves extract against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rat”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Synonym of aminotransferase.
synonyms: word: aminotransferase
Derived terms: english: implicated in fibrosis
translation: implicated in fibrosis
word: alanine aminotransferase
word: aspartate aminotransferase
psilophytic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From psilophyte + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to psilophytes.
arabinosylcytosine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From arabinosyl + cytosine.
Senses: examples: text: The patients undergoing haploidentical HSCT were conditioned with 9.0–10.5 Gy TBI on days −7 and −6, 6 g/m 2 /day intravenous arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C) on days −5 to −3, 45 mg/kg/day intravenous CY on days −3 to −2, and 2.5 mg/kg/day intravenous anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (Sanofi, SangStat, Lyon, France) on days −5 to −2.
ref: 2015 July 26, Li Gao et al., “Favorable outcome of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a multicenter study in Southwest China”, in Journal of Hematology & Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
medicine
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A cytidine analog, formed from arabinose and cytosine, that has antiviral and anticancer activity.
psychasthenias
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of psychasthenia
psychologisms
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of psychologism
astroglioma
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: astrogliomas
Etymology: From astro- + glioma.
Senses: examples: text: Of the thirty patients, five were diagnosed for adenocarcinoma of the stomach; five for glioma including three with glioblastoma and two with astroglioma; five for acute myeloid leukemia; five for primary hepatocellular carcinoma; five for lung cancer including two with pulmonary squamous-cell carcinoma, two with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and one with pulmonary neuroendocrinal carcinoma; and five for lung-to-brain metastatic adenocarcinoma.
ref: 2015 July 25, Yogesh Kumar et al., “Massive interstitial copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity as evidence for cancer being a disease of the DNA-damage response”, in BMC Medical Genomics, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: A low-grade form of cystic astrocytoma
bacteriuric
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Two infectious diseases (ID) specialists independently reviewed the medical records of patients with positive urine cultures and classified each bacteriuric episode as ABU or UTI and assessed the appropriateness of management.
ref: 2015 July 26, Myung Jin Lee et al., “Why is asymptomatic bacteriuria overtreated?: A tertiary care institutional survey of resident physicians”, in BMC Infectious Diseases, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to bacteriuria
circumplasm
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The EnOWP6-mCherry reporter signals are regularly distributed to sporocyst wall and some of the reporter signals remained in the circumplasm of fully sporulated oocysts, whereas mCherry of EnOWP2 reporter was almost absent at this stage.
ref: 2015 July 25, Ernst Jonscher et al., “Two COWP-like cysteine rich proteins from Eimeria nieschulzi (coccidia, apicomplexa) are expressed during sporulation and involved in the sporocyst wall formation”, in Parasites & Vectors, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: The extracytoplasmatic space between sporoblast and oocyst wall
circumplasmatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: In this case mCherry also exported to the circumplasmatic space and had a predominantly vesicle like distribution in the cytoplasma.
ref: 2015 July 25, Ernst Jonscher et al., “Two COWP-like cysteine rich proteins from Eimeria nieschulzi (coccidia, apicomplexa) are expressed during sporulation and involved in the sporocyst wall formation”, in Parasites & Vectors, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to, or originating in, the circumplasm.
extraanatomical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: extraanatomic
form: extra-anatomic
form: extra-anatomical
Etymology: From extra- + anatomical.
Senses: examples: text: Healing of a bony avulsion of the meniscal root in an extraanatomical position may possibly lead to a lengthening of the physiological circumference resulting in a moderate insufficiency.
ref: 2015 July 26, Georg Mattiassich et al., “Magnetic resonance evaluation in long term follow up of operated lateral tibial plateau fractures”, in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, volume 16, →DOI:
glosses: Not relating to normal anatomy or not following a normal anatomical path
extracytoplasmatically
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Etymology: From extracytoplasmatic + -ally.
Senses: examples: text: After 12 h of sporulation, mCherry was observed extracytoplasmatically between the oocyst cytoplasm and the oocyst wall, coincident with the condensation of the cytoplasm.
ref: 2015 July 25, Ernst Jonscher et al., “Two COWP-like cysteine rich proteins from Eimeria nieschulzi (coccidia, apicomplexa) are expressed during sporulation and involved in the sporocyst wall formation”, in Parasites & Vectors, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: In an extracytoplasmatic manner
fibrinopurulent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From fibrino- + purulent.
Senses: examples: text: Histopathologically, fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia with multifocal areas of necrosis and pleuritis was seen in the lungs of infected animals.
ref: 2015 July 25, Annette Prohl et al., “Acute phase proteins as local biomarkers of respiratory infection in calves”, in BMC Veterinary Research, volume 11, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to, or containing fibrin and pus
furanoflavonol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: furanoflavonols
Senses: examples: text: Karanjin (structure depicted in Figure 1 ) is a major active furanoflavonol constituent of Fordia cauliflora Hemsl.
ref: 2015 July 26, Jian-Ru Guo et al., “Effects of karanjin on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human A549, HepG2 and HL-60 cancer cells”, in Biological Research, volume 48, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A flavonol possessing a furan group
bird's-eye maple
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: birdseye maple
form: bird's eye maple
Senses: examples: text: So a dear little book-case was bought, also of bird’s-eye maple, and a pretty little work-table, with a low chair to match.
ref: 1904, Carolyn Wells, “Shopping”, in Patty at Home, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, →OCLC, page 58:
text: The two staterooms are similarly treated; the walls are panelled in bird's eye maple, with light mahogany mouldings, and the furniture is in sycamore and mahogany.
ref: 1947 January and February, “South African Royal Train”, in Railway Magazine, page 47:
text: More to the point of this place than the crags and glens on the dining-room wall are the two fine colour prints of clipper ships in frames of birdseye maple.
ref: 1976, Angela Carter, “My Father's House”, in Shaking a Leg, Vintage, published 2013, page 21:
glosses: Maple wood with small eye-like markings, valued for use in decorative woodwork.
psychokineses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of psychokinesis
galactosaemic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: One article was excluded due to investigation on an association of presenile cataracts with heterozygosity for galactosaemic states and with riboflavin deficiency [ 27 ].
ref: 2015 July 26, Wen Sun et al., “Is there association between Glutathione S Transferases polymorphisms and cataract risk: a meta-analysis?”, in BMC Ophthalmology, volume 15, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Relating to galactosaemia
shruggie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: shruggies
Etymology: From shrug + -ie.
Senses: examples: text: As Kyle Chayka writes in a new history of the symbol at The Awl, the meaning of the “the shruggie” is always two, if not three- or four-, fold. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ represents nihilism, “bemused resignation,” and “a Zen-like tool to accept the chaos of universe.” It is Sisyphus in unicode.
ref: 2014 May 21, Robinson Meyer, “The Best Way to Type ¯\_(ツ)_/¯”, in The Atlantic:
glosses: An emoticon denoting a shrug; particularly ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.
gametocytaemia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: gametocytaemias
form: gametocytemia
Etymology: From gametocyte + -aemia.
Senses: examples: text: Current trials (Table 2 ) use a full course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHA-P) and a single low dose of primaquine is added to the drug combination to abort gametocytaemia as quickly as possible [ 36, 48 ].
ref: 2015 July 25, Marcel Tanner et al., “Malaria eradication and elimination: views on how to translate a vision into reality”, in BMC Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: The presence of gametocytes in the blood
Related terms: gametocytaemic
native titles
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of native title
puddlier
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: comparative form of puddly: more puddly
puddliest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: superlative form of puddly: most puddly
pteridological
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From pteridology + -ical.
Senses: glosses: Relating to pteridology.
pujah
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pujahs
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of puja.
pujahs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pujah
pupilship
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pupilships
Etymology: From pupil + -ship.
Senses: glosses: The state or period of being a pupil in an educational establishment.
pupilships
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pupilship
pupunha
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pupunhas
Etymology: From Portuguese pupunha, from Nheengatu pupunha.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of peach palm.
synonyms: word: peach palm
pupunhas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pupunha
purebloods
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pureblood
purdonium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /pɜːˈdəʊ.ni.əm/
ipa: /pɝˈdoʊ.ni.əm/
rhymes: -əʊniəm
Forms: form: purdoniums
form: purdonian
Senses: glosses: A coal scuttle.
purdoniums
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of purdonium
puromycins
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of puromycin
blitheringly
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more blitheringly
form: most blitheringly
Etymology: From blithering + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: As ever, I blame 1970s experimentalists: never in modern times since that decade’s architecture can an idea have gone so blitheringly wrong nor been adhered to with such tenacity in the face of all contrary evidence than in the fragile sphere of education.
ref: 2015 August 23, Euan Ferguson, “The week in TV: The Scandalous Lady W, School Swap: The Class Divide, Show Me a Hero, Britain’s Spending Secrets, Natural World”, in The Observer:
glosses: In a crazy or foolish manner.
contractualising
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of contractualise
contractualised
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of contractualise
bronzini
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: European seabass
disseminatable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more disseminatable
form: most disseminatable
Etymology: From disseminate + -able.
Senses: examples: text: Even though Houston’s moment was already fading by the late 2000s, the city’s hip-hop culture proved to be endlessly portable and disseminatable.
ref: 2015 August 9, Jon Caramanica, “Pimp C in a Journalist’s Back Pages”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 01 Nov 2021:
glosses: Capable of being disseminated.
paidakia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Borrowed from Greek παϊδάκια (païdákia).
Senses: examples: text: A definite hit is the paidakia, four excellent small Colorado lamb chops, cooked medium-rare as requested, accompanied by a deep-fried potato patty.
ref: 2015 August 21, Patricia Brooks, “Restaurant Review: Lithos in Darien Is Built on a Greek Tradition”, in New York Times:
glosses: Greek grilled lambchops
paparazzied
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more paparazzied
form: most paparazzied
Etymology: From paparazzi + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: After all, to be an Amazonian chief is to be a legend to your tribe alone, but to be a famous Latin American novelist is to be paparazzied for your foibles.
ref: 2015 August 17, Joshua Cohen, “Mario Vargas Llosa’s ‘Notes on the Death of Culture’”, in New York Times:
glosses: That has been photographed by paparazzi.
streetness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From street + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: I tried to get rid of my accent, my streetness,” he said.
ref: 2015 August 21, Ruth La Ferla, “A Day Out in the Boxing Gym With John Leguizamo”, in New York Times:
glosses: The quality of being street.
humblebragger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: humblebraggers
Etymology: From humblebrag + -er.
Senses: glosses: One who humblebrags.
humblebraggers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of humblebragger
watercoloured
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From watercolour + -ed.
Senses: glosses: painted in watercolours
watercolored
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: painted in watercolors
antimutiny
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more antimutiny
form: most antimutiny
Etymology: From anti- + mutiny.
Senses: glosses: Opposing mutiny.
pushfully
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more pushfully
form: most pushfully
Etymology: From pushful + -ly.
Senses: glosses: In a pushful manner.
pushfulness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From pushful + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: The wage outcome is a result of two factors, trade union pressure, or pushfulness, and employer resistance.
ref: 1990, Thomas B. Fomby, George F. Rhodes, Co-integration, spurious regressions, and unit roots, page 309:
glosses: The quality of being pushful.
algorithmicize
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: algorithmicizes
form: algorithmicizing
form: algorithmicized
form: algorithmicized
Etymology: From algorithmic + -ize.
Senses: examples: text: The subject of this one is “our” lack: of common culture, or common context, common sets of referents and allusions, and a common understanding of who or what that pronoun “our” might refer to anymore, now that even papers of record have capitulated to individually curated channels and algorithmicized feeds.
ref: 2015 August 17, Joshua Cohen, “Mario Vargas Llosa’s ‘Notes on the Death of Culture’”, in New York Times:
glosses: To make algorithmic.
algorithmicized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of algorithmicize
algorithmicizes
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of algorithmicize
algorithmicizing
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of algorithmicize
pycnidial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Relating to the pycnidium.
pyknoses
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pyknosis
tap-dancers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of tap-dancer
univesicular
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From uni- + vesicular.
Senses: glosses: Having or involving a single vesicle.
undertoning
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of undertone
backup vocalists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of backup vocalist
lead vocalists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of lead vocalist
Jinglish
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of Jenglish.
haplotransplantation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: haplotransplantations
Etymology: From haplo- + transplantation.
Senses: examples: text: Recent comparative studies have shown that acute leukemia patients who receive either haplotransplantation or HLA-matched transplantation have similar outcomes [ 10, 11 ], but the efficacy and safety of haplotransplantation in Ph+ ALL patients have not been examined.
ref: 2015 July 26, Li Gao et al., “Favorable outcome of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a multicenter study in Southwest China”, in Journal of Hematology & Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: transplantation of tissue between haploidentical patients
hepatosomatic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From hepato- + somatic.
Senses: examples: text: The administration of MUL enhanced the hepatosomatic index of MTX treated rats and brought this parameter back to values very similar to that observed in the control group.
ref: 2015 July 25, Hend M. Tag, “Hepatoprotective effect of mulberry (Morus nigra) leaves extract against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rat”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to the liver and the rest of the body, but especially to the ratio of their weights
histiosarcoma
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: histiosarcomas
Etymology: From histio- + sarcoma.
Senses: examples: text: Where possible, results are presented by major STS subtypes [angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, GIST, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiosarcoma (MFH), nerve sheath tumor, sarcoma NOS].
ref: 2015 July 26, Sumitra Shantakumar et al., “Older soft tissue sarcoma patients experience increased rates of venous thromboembolic events: a retrospective cohort study of SEER-Medicare data”, in Clinical Sarcoma Research, volume 5, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pathology
sciences
glosses: histiocytic sarcoma
hydroxycarboxylic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From hydroxy- + carboxylic.
Senses: examples: text: Locally produced L-lactate may play a role in hormone function in an autocrine and paracrine fashion via hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1, also referred to as GPR81/FKSG80) to exert antilipolytic effects on adipose tissue [ 4 ] or to modulate the activity of primary cortical neurons [ 5 ].
ref: 2015 July 25, Waldemar Wagner, Wojciech M. Ciszewski, Katarzyna D. Kania, “L- and D-lactate enhance DNA repair and modulate the resistance of cervical carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs via histone deacetylase inhibition and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 activation”, in Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, volume 13, →DOI:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Relating to any carboxylic acid that has one or more hydroxy groups
hyperexpression
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From hyper- + expression.
Senses: examples: text: Since IL-10 and deficient co-stimulatory molecule expression appear to be a novel mechanism of self-tolerance employed by the pre-naïve B cells, a defect in pre-naïve B-cell functions could lead to a break in self-tolerance, especially in the SLE milieu, where expansion of the pre-naïve B cells has been found, and the immune system is intensely activated as evidenced by elevated B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels, hyperexpression of CD40L on T cells, and/or increased levels of certain cytokines such as IL-21.
ref: 2015 July 25, Ji Hyun Sim et al., “Autoregulatory function of interleukin-10-producing pre-naïve B cells is defective in systemic lupus erythematosus”, in Arthritis Research & Therapy, volume 17, →DOI:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Overexpression.
ileocecectomy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: ileocecectomies
Etymology: From ileo- + cecectomy.
Senses: examples: text: Following laparoscopic ileocecectomy, pathology demonstrated haemorrhage, inflammation, oedema and full thickness necrosis of the caecal wall.
ref: 2013 July 26, Kara Lee Gallagher, “Ischaemic diverticular disease may mimic acute appendicitis”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: Removal of the ileum and part of the colon
immunopathogenic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From immuno- + pathogenic.
Senses: examples: text: The association of the disease with anti-thyroid antibodies and the responsiveness of SREAT to steroids or other therapies such as plasmapheresis supports the hypothesis that this is a disorder that involves immunopathogenic mechanisms.
ref: 2015 July 26, David Carl et al., “Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis following ipilimumab therapy: a case report”, in BMC Research Notes, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to immunopathogenesis
Derived terms: immunopathogenicity
Related terms: immunopathogen
interhomolog
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From inter- + homolog.
Senses: examples: text: 8 A unified mechanism for the generation of mutations underlying oncogenesis and tumor progression based on defective DNA-damage response and the resultant prevalence of double-strand break (DSB) repair by interhomolog recombination (IHR) All supporting data are included as additional files.
ref: 2015 July 25, Yogesh Kumar et al., “Massive interstitial copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity as evidence for cancer being a disease of the DNA-damage response”, in BMC Medical Genomics, volume 8, →DOI:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Between homologs
interincisal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From inter- + incisal.
Senses: examples: text: The extent of trismus was significantly less in the groups treated with PRF (%9.03) and piezosurgery combined with PRF (%9.3), compared to the traditional handpieces used in group 1 (%25.61) and group 4 (%26.16) at the first day visits for postoperative interincisal distance, which was used for the evaluation of trismus.
ref: 2015 July 26, Lokman Onur Uyanık, Kani Bilginaylar, İlker Etikan, “Effects of platelet-rich fibrin and piezosurgery on impacted mandibular third molar surgery outcomes”, in Head & Face Medicine, volume 11, →DOI:
glosses: Between incisors
Derived terms: interincisal angle
intrabdominal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From intra- + abdominal.
Senses: examples: text: 2 Synthetic mesh sutured to the fascial edges to maintain the traction and prevent the fascial retraction with a plastic sheet posed under in direct contact with the intrabdominal content to protect the bowel Another implementation of the system was introduced by the AB-Thera (KCI, San Antonio, TX) with the use of spider-like sponge that allow a better fluid drainage and a better wound contraction and with a reported primary fascia closure rate of 89 % [ 53, 54 ].
ref: 2015 July 25, Federico Coccolini et al., “The open abdomen, indications, management and definitive closure”, in World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES, volume 10, →DOI:
glosses: Rare form of intraabdominal.
laparostomy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: laparostomies
Etymology: From laparo- + -stomy.
Senses: examples: text: Although it takes slightly longer to perform than midline laparostomy, same principles of managing the open abdomen can be applied without additional equipment.
ref: 2015 July 25, Federico Coccolini et al., “The open abdomen, indications, management and definitive closure”, in World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES, volume 10, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: The surgical opening of the peritoneum to expose the abdominal contents
macrogamont
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: macrogamonts
Etymology: From macro- + gamont?
Senses: glosses: Synonym of macrogametocyte.
synonyms: word: macrogametocyte
macrogamonts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: An expression in macrogamonts or at the outer oocyst wall was not observed.
ref: 2015 July 25, Ernst Jonscher et al., “Two COWP-like cysteine rich proteins from Eimeria nieschulzi (coccidia, apicomplexa) are expressed during sporulation and involved in the sporocyst wall formation”, in Parasites & Vectors, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: plural of macrogamont
macrogametocyte
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: macrogametocytes
Etymology: From macro- + gametocyte.
Senses: glosses: The female gametocyte (or the mother cell that produces it)
mucoperiosteal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: After mucoperiosteal flap reflection, in groups 1 and 4 (traditional surgery groups), osteotomy was performed using a 1.6 mm round bur mounted on a W&H implanted surgical high-speed handpiece, at 40,000 rpm under abundant irrigation.
ref: 2015 July 26, Lokman Onur Uyanık, Kani Bilginaylar, İlker Etikan, “Effects of platelet-rich fibrin and piezosurgery on impacted mandibular third molar surgery outcomes”, in Head & Face Medicine, volume 11, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to the mucoperiosteum
neuroendocrinal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From neuro- + endocrinal.
Senses: examples: text: Of the thirty patients, five were diagnosed for adenocarcinoma of the stomach; five for glioma including three with glioblastoma and two with astroglioma; five for acute myeloid leukemia; five for primary hepatocellular carcinoma; five for lung cancer including two with pulmonary squamous-cell carcinoma, two with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and one with pulmonary neuroendocrinal carcinoma; and five for lung-to-brain metastatic adenocarcinoma.
ref: 2015 July 25, Yogesh Kumar et al., “Massive interstitial copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity as evidence for cancer being a disease of the DNA-damage response”, in BMC Medical Genomics, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: neuroendocrine
neuromagnetometer
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: neuromagnetometers
Etymology: From neuro- + magnetometer.
Senses: examples: text: Table 1 Demographic data of tinnitus patient Cortical magnetic signals were recorded with a 306-channel (102 sensor units) whole-head neuromagnetometer (band-pass filtered within 0.05–250 Hz; digitized at 1 kHz; Vectorview; Neuromag Ltd., Helsinki, Finland) with subjects in sitting position.
ref: 2015 July 26, Kuo-Wei Wang et al., “Extractions of steady-state auditory evoked fields in normal subjects and tinnitus patients using complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition”, in BioMedical Engineering OnLine, volume 14, →DOI:
glosses: A form of magnetometer used in functional neuroimaging.
onconeural
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From onco- + neural.
Senses: examples: text: It is possible that this facilitates presentation of Hu onconeural antigens to the immune system and development of an anti-Hu immune response.
ref: 1998, David P. Richman, Myasthenia Gravis and Related Diseases:
text: As we did not test for onconeural antibodies we cannot rule out paraneoplastic encephalitis which has also been reported in patients with prostate cancer [ 5 ].
ref: 2015 July 26, David Carl et al., “Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis following ipilimumab therapy: a case report”, in BMC Research Notes, volume 8, →DOI:
glosses: Relating to cancer and to the neural system.
osteotomized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: Repositioning of the maxillary osteotomized segment according to the planned movements
ref: 2015 July 25, Thomas Schouman et al., “Accuracy evaluation of CAD/CAM generated splints in orthognathic surgery: a cadaveric study”, in Head & Face Medicine, volume 11, →DOI:
topics: medicine
sciences
surgery
glosses: Modified by osteotomy
ovariohysterectomized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: In dogs, AMH has been described to distinguish ovariohysterectomized from intact bitches.
ref: 2015 July 25, Bodil S. Holst, Ulrika Dreimanis, “Anti-Müllerian hormone: a potentially useful biomarker for the diagnosis of canine Sertoli cell tumours”, in BMC Veterinary Research, volume 11, →DOI:
glosses: That has been subjected to ovariohysterectomy.
parabasal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From para- + basal.
Senses: examples: text: Second, the viral genome replication occurs, whereby host cell DNA and the infected cells are divided into daughter cells, which can persist in the basal and parabasal layers and proceed to the division, or move and initiate the differentiation process.
ref: 2015 July 25, Adriana T. Lorenzi, Kari J. Syrjänen, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, “Human papillomavirus (HPV) screening and cervical cancer burden. A Brazilian perspective”, in Virology Journal, volume 12, →DOI:
glosses: Beyond the base
parapelvic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From para- + pelvic.
Senses: examples: text: Non-UTUC findings (mucosa fold, small extraluminal mass and parapelvic hyperdense cyst and bullous mucosal edema) were found during ureteroscopy in 4/9 cases and normal upper urinary tract was described in 5/9 cases.
ref: 2015 July 25, Shay Golan, Andrei Nadu, David Lifshitz, “The role of diagnostic ureteroscopy in the era of computed tomography urography”, in BMC Urology, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Beyond the pelvis
pogonion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πωγώνιον (pōgṓnion, diminutive of πώγων), with parallel meaning in Greek πιγούνι (pigoúni, “chin”). By surface analysis, pogono- + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: Three preoperative measurements were obtained between the following five reference points: the tragus, soft tissue pogonion, lateral corner of the eye, angle of the mandible, and outer corner of the mouth.
ref: 2015 July 26, Lokman Onur Uyanık, Kani Bilginaylar, İlker Etikan, “Effects of platelet-rich fibrin and piezosurgery on impacted mandibular third molar surgery outcomes”, in Head & Face Medicine, volume 11, →DOI:
glosses: The furthest-forward part of the chin.
polyglutamated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From poly- + glutamated.
Senses: examples: text: MTX is actively accumulated in the liver where it is metabolized and stored in polyglutamated form, thus decreases folate levels by the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase[5].
ref: 2015 July 25, Hend M. Tag, “Hepatoprotective effect of mulberry (Morus nigra) leaves extract against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rat”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:
glosses: Converted to a polyglutamate
preosteoclast
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: preosteoclasts
Etymology: From pre- + osteoclast.
Senses: glosses: A type of cell that develops into an osteoclast
preosteoclasts
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: The experiment was terminated 9 days after arthritis induction. a Number of osteoclasts (** p = 0.009) in the distal femoral epiphysis per bone surface in control ( n = 6) and CAIA ( n = 5) mice, b frequency of preosteoclasts (% CD11b + F4/80 + MCSF-R + cells of CD11b + cells) in bone marrow from control ( n = 11) and CAIA ( n = 13) mice, c frequency of CD4 + T cells (of lymphocytes) ( p = 0.227) in control ( n = 15) and CAIA ( n = 14) mice, and d frequency of IL-17 + cells (of lymphocytes) (* p = 0.049) in control ( n = 14) and CAIA ( n = 14) mice, in draining lymph nodes.
ref: 2015 July 25, Louise Grahnemo et al., “Trabecular bone loss in collagen antibody-induced arthritis”, in Arthritis Research & Therapy, volume 17, →DOI:
glosses: plural of preosteoclast
prontosil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: In the field of therapeutic aids, chemotherapy and antibiotics have been completely developed since that time. We had prontosil and neoprontosil and thought we were very fortunate.
ref: 1951 July, Richard D. Reekie, “Critical Analysis of Recent Advances in Gynecology”, in Northwest Medicine, volume 50, number 7, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association, page 508:
text: Since 1935 when Domagk demonstrated that prontosil provided effective therapy in a murine pneumococcal infection model, the use of animal infection models has become an integral part of the evaluation of new antimicrobial agents and new therapeutic approaches for clinical trials in humans.
ref: 2015 July 25, Mengxiao Gu et al., “Response of a clinical Escherichia coli strain to repeated cefquinome exposure in a piglet tissue-cage model”, in BMC Veterinary Research, volume 11, →DOI:
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: The antibacterial drug 4-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)azo]benzenesulfonamide.
Derived terms: neoprontosil
retrovesical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From retro- + vesical.
Senses: examples: text: Two-thirds of local recurrences after surgery occur at the anastomosis (of these 60 % were posterior, 20 % anterior, and 15 % lateral), 17 % in the retrovesical space, 10 % in the bladder neck and 10 % elsewhere [ 6 ].
ref: 2015 July 26, Linda J. Bell et al., “Determining optimal planning target volume and image guidance policy for post-prostatectomy intensity modulated radiotherapy”, in Radiation Oncology (London, England), volume 10, →DOI:
glosses: Behind the urinary bladder
triacylated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From tri- + acylated.
Senses: examples: text: Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3CSK4) is a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide that mimics the triacylated lipoprotein of mycobacteria and classical gram-positive bacteria, which can be recognized by TLR2/TLR1 heterodimers and induce the production and release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10), chemokines (IL-8) and interferon (IFN-γ) [ 25 – 28 ].
ref: 2015 July 25, Shuxin Yang et al., “Common and specific downstream signaling targets controlled by Tlr2 and Tlr5 innate immune signaling in zebrafish”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:
glosses: acetylated with three acetylate moities
baby rose
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: baby roses
Etymology: baby + rose, so called because of the smallness of the buds.
Senses: glosses: A species of rose, Rosa multiflora, from eastern Asia, noted for its multiple small buds on each stem.
awards ceremonies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of awards ceremony
lesbianoid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more lesbianoid
form: most lesbianoid
Etymology: From lesbian + -oid.
Senses: examples: text: It was love from afar and born of admiration. Now, I suppose it would be viewed darkly and thought to be slightly lesbianoid but as far as I knew it was nothing more than heroine-worship.
ref: 1971, Nursing Mirror and Midwives Journal:
glosses: Possessing characteristics common to lesbians or appealing to them.
Magdeburger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Magdeburgers
Etymology: From Magdeburg + -er.
Senses: synonyms: Magdeburgian
glosses: A native or inhabitant of the city of Magdeburg, the capital of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
smash hits
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of smash hit
usurpable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From usurp + -able.
Senses: glosses: Able to be usurped.
-graphia
Language: English
Part of speech: suffix
Etymology: From Ancient Greek -γραφία (-graphía, “writing”).
Senses: glosses: Forms names of writing impairments.
Austinite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔstɪnaɪt/
ipa: /ˈɑstɪnaɪt/
ipa: /ˈɒstɪnaɪt/
homophone: austenite
homophone: Austenite
homophone: austinite
Forms: form: Austinites
Etymology: From Austin + -ite (“native or resident of a specified place”).
Senses: glosses: A native or resident of Austin, Texas.
Austinites
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɔstɪnaɪts/
ipa: /ˈɑstɪnaɪts/
ipa: /ˈɒstɪnaɪts/
Senses: glosses: plural of Austinite
singhara
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: singharas
form: singara
Etymology: From Hindi सिंघाड़ा (siṅghāṛā), from Sanskrit शृङ्गाट (śṛṅgāṭa, “water caltrop”), from शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).
Senses: glosses: The water caltrop.
singharas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of singhara
negrophilism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From negro + -philism.
Senses: examples: text: The only trouble with this negrophilism is that it doesn't recognize the Negro as a man. It recognizes him only as a Negro—if sometimes as a Negro Jesus Christ. And that is the worst condescension of all.
ref: 1965, Robert Penn Warren, Who Speaks for the Negro?:
text: His negrophilism seems to be nothing beyond a fashion statement, almost a way of accessorizing. It's black pride without ever having to endure the downsides of being black.
ref: 1998, Jim Goad, The Redneck Manifesto, page 248:
glosses: A liking for black people.
poopiness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From poopy + -ness.
Senses: glosses: The quality of being poopy.
plantsperson
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: plantspersons
form: plantspeople
Etymology: From plant + -s- + person.
Senses: glosses: A plantsman or plantswoman.
plantspersons
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of plantsperson
plantspeople
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of plantsperson
negrophilist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: negrophilists
Etymology: From negro + -philist.
Senses: examples: text: A strange inconsistency in the arguments of negrophilists generally is a constant lamentation over the degradation of the negro, while, if we are to believe their descriptions of negro character, nothing can approach nearer perfection.
ref: 1853, De Bow's Review:
glosses: Synonym of negrophile.
synonyms: word: negrophile
negrophilists
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of negrophilist
negrophil
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: negrophils
Senses: examples: text: They said the symbol of the black man's equal rights was retained. There were diehard negrophils, however, who said it was not.
ref: 1936, Sarah Gertrude Liebson Millin, General Smuts, volume 2, page 439:
glosses: Alternative form of negrophile.
negrophils
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of negrophil
subrepertoire
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: subrepertoires
Etymology: From sub- + repertoire.
Senses: glosses: Part of a repertoire.
subrepertoires
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of subrepertoire
Amritsari
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Amritsaris
Etymology: From Amritsar + -i.
Senses: glosses: A native or inhabitant of Amritsar in India.
Amritsaris
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of Amritsari
phenylpropene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: phenylpropenes
Etymology: From phenyl + propene.
Senses: glosses: Any of a class of phenylpropanoids in which a benzene ring has an allyl group attached to it. They are precursors for a variety of insecticides.
Synonyms: allylbenzene
propenylphenol
phenylpropenes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of phenylpropene
allylbenzene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: allylbenzenes
Etymology: From allyl + benzene.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of phenylpropene.
synonyms: word: phenylpropene
propenylphenol
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: propenylphenols
Etymology: From propenyl + phenol.
Senses: glosses: Synonym of phenylpropene.
synonyms: word: phenylpropene
allylbenzenes
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of allylbenzene
propenylphenols
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of propenylphenol
asarones
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of asarone
methylenedioxyphenethylamines
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of methylenedioxyphenethylamine
Lemuralia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Synonym of Lemuria (Ancient Roman religious feast)
synonyms: word: Lemuria
extra: Ancient Roman religious feast
methylenedioxyphenethylamine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˌmɛθ.ɪ.liːn.daɪˌɒk.siˌfɛn.ɛˈθaɪ.lə.miːn/
Forms: form: methylenedioxyphenethylamines
Etymology: From methylenedioxy + phenethylamine.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: A methylenedioxy derivative of phenethylamine, many of whose derivatives are psychoactive
Parachi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: An Iranian language spoken by a very small number of people in Afghanistan.
paraclimax
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: paraclimaxes
Etymology: From para- + climax.
Senses: topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: A relatively stable community of foreign plants established after the destruction, by humans, of a native habitat.
Derived terms: paraclimactic
paraclimactic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From para- + climactic.
Senses: topics: biology
ecology
natural-sciences
glosses: Relating to a paraclimax.
paracletic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From paraclete + -ic.
Senses: glosses: Relating to a paraclete or Paraclete
homoflexibility
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From homo- + flexibility.
Senses: examples: text: Essig divides society into the categories of heteroflexibility and heterorigidity and homoflexibility and homorigidity.
ref: 2002, Robert Goss, Queering Christ: Beyond Jesus Acted Up, Pilgrim Press, published 2002, →ISBN, page 232:
text: Or what about hetero- and homoflexibility (the primarily heterosexual or homosexual orientation with occasional forays into things not typical of those sexualities)?
ref: 2011, "Ribbons", "Queeriosities: 'Adding to the ABCs of LGBs'", The Catalyst (Colorado College), Volume 42, Number 8, 11 November 2011, page 7
text: In other words, there is no place for homoflexibility in this cultural analysis of sexuality.
ref: 2015, B. C. Roberts, “Not Gay”: Another Way of (Not) Being Bi?, in the Journal of Bisexuality, volume 15, issue 4
glosses: The quality or state of being homoflexible.
zero day
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -eɪ
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of zero-day.
zero day
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪ
Forms: form: zero days
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Alternative spelling of zero-day.