cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
bully
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊli/
rhymes: -ʊli
Etymology: From 1530, as a term of endearment, probably a diminutive ( + -y) of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”), from Middle Dutch boel, boele (“brother; lover”), from Old Dutch *buolo, from Proto-Germanic *bōlô (compare Middle Low German bôle (“brother”), Middle High German buole (“brother; close relative; close relation”) (whence German Buhle (“lover”)), Old English Bōla, Bōlla (personal name), diminutive of expressive *bō- (“brother, father”). Compare also Latvian bālinš (“brother”). More at boy.
The term acquired a negative connotation during the 17th century; first ‘noisy, blustering fellow’ then ‘a person who is cruel to others’. Possibly influenced by bull (“male cattle”) or via the ‘prostitute's minder’ sense. The positive senses are dated, but survive in phrases such as bully pulpit.
Senses: examples: text: Bully, she's finally asked for that promotion!
text: Bully! Bully! Finis coronet opus, “the end crowns all”; “may the last be the best!” By Godfrey it was delightful.
ref: 1979, Jerome Alden, Bully: An Adventure with Teddy Roosevelt, →OCLC, page 3:
synonyms: word: bravissimo
word: bravo
word: bully
word: cock on
word: congrats
word: congratulations
word: encore
word: fair fucks
word: full marks
word: get you
word: good for someone
word: good for you
word: good going
word: good job
word: good on you
word: good show
word: good work
word: hats off
word: hon
word: hoorah
word: hooray
word: hurrah
word: hurray
word: huzza
word: huzzah
word: jolly good show
word: keep it up
word: kudos
word: mazal tov
word: mazel tov
word: nice one
word: proper job
word: right on
word: shabash
word: there you go
word: way to go
word: well done
word: well said
glosses: Well done; often sarcastic in modern use.
raw_tags: followed by for
antiperistaltic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From anti- + peristaltic.
Senses: topics: medicine
physiology
sciences
glosses: Of or relating to antiperistalsis.
topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: That blocks or stops peristalsis.
antiperistaltic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: antiperistaltics
Etymology: From anti- + peristaltic.
Senses: glosses: A drug that blocks peristalsis.
peristalsis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɛɹɪˈstalsɪs/
ipa: /ˌpɛɹɪˈstælsɪs/
ipa: /ˌpɛɹɪˈstɑlsɪs/
Forms: form: peristalses
Etymology: From Ancient Greek δύναμις περισταλτική (dúnamis peristaltikḗ, “the action of the bowels by which their contents are propelled”) , from περιστέλλω (peristéllō, “to wrap around”), from περι- (peri-, “around”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to make ready, to prepare”).
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The rhythmic, wave-like contraction and relaxation of muscles so as to propagate motion, as of food in the digestive tract.
Synonyms: word: enterocinesia
word: vermiculation
Derived terms: antiperistalsis
aperistalsis
dysperistalsis
hyperperistalsis
hypoperistalsis
normoperistalsis
peristaltic
peristaltically
retroperistalsis
indispensable
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/
ipa: /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/
Forms: form: more indispensable
form: most indispensable
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French indispensable, from Medieval Latin indispensābilis, corresponding to in- + dispensable.
Senses: topics: ecclesiastical
lifestyle
religion
glosses: Not admitting ecclesiastical dispensation; not subject to release or exemption; that cannot be allowed by bending the canonical rules.
examples: text: The law was moral and indispensable.
ref: 1679–1715, Gilbert Burnet, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England., London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […]:
qualifier: rules etc.
glosses: Unbendable, that cannot be set aside or ignored.
raw_tags: of duties
examples: text: An indispensable component of a heart-healthy diet.
text: But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal. This only magnified the indispensable nature of the oligopolists.
ref: 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:
text: And my friends in politics, no-one is remotely indispensable and our brilliant and Darwinian system will produce another leader, equally committed to taking this country forward through tough times.
ref: 2022 July 7, Boris Johnson, resignation speech:
text: Behind this carefully crafted strategy of wooing Trump is a desire from Gulf states to solidify and formalize their positions as the US’ indispensable security and economic partners, and extract as much benefit for themselves as they can.
ref: 2025 May 11, Nadeen Ebrahim and Abbas Al Lawati, “Trump is visiting three of the world’s richest nations. Here’s what’s on their wish list”, in CNN:
glosses: Absolutely necessary or requisite; that one cannot do without.
Derived terms: indispensability
indispensable nation
indispensableness
indispensably
indispensable
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/
ipa: /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/
Forms: form: indispensables
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French indispensable, from Medieval Latin indispensābilis, corresponding to in- + dispensable.
Senses: glosses: A thing that is not dispensable; a necessity.
glosses: Trousers.
horns
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: hôrnz
ipa: /hɔɹnz/
enpr: hônz
ipa: /hɔːnz/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)nz
Senses: glosses: plural of horn
horns
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: hôrnz
ipa: /hɔɹnz/
enpr: hônz
ipa: /hɔːnz/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)nz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of horn
decisive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/
rhymes: -aɪsɪv
ipa: /dɪˈsɪsɪv/
Forms: form: more decisive
form: most decisive
Etymology: From Middle French décisif, equivalent to decide + -ive.
Senses: examples: text: decisive vote
text: decisive battle
text: In truth, Tottenham never really looked like taking all three points and this defeat means they face a battle to reach the knockout stages -with their next home game against PAOK Salonika on 30 November likely to prove decisive.
ref: 2011 November 3, Chris Bevan, “Rubin Kazan 1 - 0 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy; putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive.
examples: text: decisive victory
text: [F]abulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: […]
ref: 1949, Joseph Campbell, “The Hero and the God”, in The Hero with a Thousand Faces:
glosses: Decided; definite; incontrovertible.
examples: text: decisive action
text: A noble instance of this attribute of the decisive character.
ref: 1804, John Foster, Essays, in a Series of Letters:
glosses: Marked by promptness and decision.
Synonyms: decided
positive
conclusive
Derived terms: decisively
decisiveness
nondecisive
undecisive
Related terms: decidable
decide
decided
vigneron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /vin.jəˈɹɔn/
Forms: form: vignerons
Etymology: Borrowed from French vigneron.
Senses: glosses: A person who grows vines for wine production, a winegrower
glosses: A labourer in a vineyard.
escort
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪsˈkɔɹt/
ipa: /ɪsˈkɔːt/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t
Forms: form: escorts
form: escorting
form: escorted
form: escorted
Etymology: Borrowed from French escorte, itself borrowed from Italian scorta.
Senses: examples: text: He reported that the police escorted the children five or six blocks beyond Natural Bridge Avenue and at that point stopped the white children who were following and shooed them back to the park.
ref: 2009, Allen D. Grimshaw, A Social History of Racial Violence:
text: Lord Lyndsey, ever attentive, escorted his Lady to the carriage
ref: 1837, Mrs Chadwick, Novels of Nature:
glosses: To attend to in order to guard and protect; to accompany as a safeguard (for the person escorted or for others); to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to
examples: text: At this point, the Tenant became extremely angry.... the Tenant started yelling even louder and charged at me. The Tenant was restrained by the security guard and escorted out of the hearing room. The Tenant was ultimately escorted out of the Board’s office because he continued his yelling and aggressive behaviour in the hallway and at the customer service desk.
ref: 2018, TST-00493-18 (Re), Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board (Anna Solomon, member)
text: Three local yobs have also joined, but they have not reckoned on a redoubtable Conductor and two local revenue protection officers who soon escort them off the train!
ref: 2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 57:
glosses: To accompany (a person) in order to compel them to go somewhere (e.g. to leave a building).
glosses: To go with someone as a partner, for example on a formal date.
examples: text: It's ironic to note that her own makeup looked like that of a prospective showgirl who was escorting until her big break came.
ref: 2013, Alissa Nutting, Tampa:
text: Consider why you’re sugaring rather than just escorting. It involves extra emotional work and entanglement with your personal life, having a smaller number of clients who provide more of your income and are harder to end things with, and frequently doesn’t pay as well.
ref: 2024 September 13, Jack Parker, “An Open Letter To Sugar Babies”, in Jack Talks About Sex Work:
glosses: To work as an escort (sex worker).
Synonyms: word: accompany
word: attend
word: see
sense: go with someone as a partner
word: squire
Derived terms: escortee
escortment
stud muffin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: stud muffins
form: studmuffin
Etymology: From stud + muffin, perhaps with influence from beefcake. First use appears c. 1983 in Buffalo News.
Senses: examples: text: Billboard magazine quoted an Oklahoma City radio program who described him as "a stud muffin" — "there was just a vibe on this guy out there, especially among women" (Stark 1992, 89)
ref: 1995, Curtis W Ellison, Country Music Culture: From Hard Times to Heaven, University Press of Mississippi, published 1995, page 44:
text: "I'm a total stud muffin. Can't you see it?" Simon joked.
ref: 1999, John W Milor, Apparition, page 106:
text: “A stud!” “A stud muffin!” In general, the students’ enthusiasm for Clinton was equalled by their disdain for George W. Bush.
ref: 2003 August 11, The New Yorker:
glosses: A very attractive man.
wikipedia: Buffalo News
muffin-warm
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: examples: text: A thick napped 4 pound muffin-warm blanket that moths will avoid like moth balls for the next five years… it's been mothproof for that long!
ref: 1939 October 15, “Hess Brothers”, in The Morning Call (advertisement), Allentown, Pennsylvania, page 3:
text: The selling point (still mainly theoretical) was that you could put these mice in the microwave and they would come out muffin-warm and smelling like potpourri.
ref: 2005 October 10, Jeffrey Eugenides, “Early Music”, in The New Yorker:
text: At breakfast the next morning in the muffin-warm, coffee-hot, kazoo-zippy, baby-back-thumping, flame flickering winter kitchen.
ref: 2014, Carolyn Chute, Treat us like dogs and we will become wolves, Grove/Atlantic:
glosses: Warm as a freshly baked muffin.
milko
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɪlkəʊ
Forms: form: milkos
Etymology: From milk + -o (“diminutive suffix”).
Senses: examples: text: Actually, having been denied the right to employment in my chosen occupation, makin' chemicals, and being now a milko, i can give you the inside information on this story.
ref: 1998 August 15, Seagrass, “Lousy Milk”, in aus.general (Usenet):
text: In the resulting commotion dogs barked and the milko's horse shied, leaving broken bottles and spilt milk all over Hayes St.
ref: 1998 December 17, David Bennetts, “Neutral Bay tram line”, in aus.rail (Usenet):
text: (As a child, I used to love hearing the "clip clop clip clop" of the milko′s horse as he arrived in our street in the morning).
ref: 2001 March 11, Brash, “Multiculturalism leaves no place for Australian culture”, in canb.general (Usenet):
glosses: A milkman or milkwoman
Synonyms: word: milkie
milkie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɪlki
Forms: form: milkies
Etymology: From milk + -ie.
Senses: glosses: Diminutive of milk.
glosses: A milkman.
glosses: An opaque white marble in children's games.
examples: Thesaurus:breasts
glosses: A woman's breast.
Synonyms: sense: milkman
word: milko
bizzo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɪzəʊ
Forms: form: bizzos
Etymology: From biz + -o.
Senses: examples: text: TOM: I knew you'd have to do the full bizzo, I knew it. You disgust me.
ref: 1993, Plays International, volume 9, page 41:
text: We don't want this to turn into one of those pie-in-the sky bizzos where you aim too high and then never end up doing it.
ref: 2007, David Free, A Dancing Bear, page 96:
text: 2009, Alex Archer (a pseudonym; written in-house), Rogue Angel: Eternal Journey, Harlequin Enterprises, page 53,
None of my bizzo, really, but why was he after you?
text: Hong's calm started to crack coz he'd seen Dave do his one drink for himself bizzo many times over the years since they'd met.
ref: 2010, Wayne Ashton, Equator, page 412:
glosses: Business; a matter or matters of personal concern; a course of action.
examples: text: ... check the connection bizzos, also check your Microsoft mail settings.
ref: 1997 March 11, “Prevent Outlook autodialing?”, in microsoft.public.office.misc (Usenet):
text: my virus killer bizzos weren't able to handle it...
ref: 2000 March 1, “Pretty Park Virus”, in alt.gothic (Usenet):
text: Good to see that Heskey knows that ball thingy is supposed to go in the net between those post bizzos.
ref: 2000 October 16, “Good result but lets not get carried away....”, in uk.sport.football.clubs.liverpool (Usenet):
text: If I'd had my way, we'da stuck them twoprong bizzos that let you put threeprong bizzos into them into the powerpoint and be done with it.
ref: 2000 December 14, “Bands you're too embarrassed to like...”, in alt.gothic (Usenet):
glosses: An item whose name has been forgotten; a thingumajig.
mind one's own business
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: minds one's own business
form: minding one's own business
form: minded one's own business
form: minded one's own business
Senses: examples: text: I was just walking down the road, minding my own business, when I was attacked by a mugger.
text: The idea is but too prevalent in almost every community, that a man has discharged his duties as a citizen, well enough, if he minds his own business and does not meddle with the affairs of his neighbours. "Look out for Number One," is a great fundamental maxim, which is in every body's mouth, and which every body takes credit to himself for acting upon. It is preached to us sometimes from the pulpit even, and Christians, as well as infidels, pride themselves upon the assiduity with which they can look out for "Number One."
ref: 1846, “Moral Responsibilities”, in The British Friend: A Monthly Journal Chiefly Devoted to the Interests of the Society of Friends, volume 4, number 8, page 204:
text: Strolling along, minding my own business
Well, there goes a girl and a half
ref: 1977, “Peaches”, performed by the Stranglers:
glosses: To concern oneself only with what is of interest to oneself and not interfere in the affairs of others.
Synonyms: stick to one's knitting
MYOB
paddle one's own canoe
skate one's lane
stay in one's lane
Derived terms: mind your own beeswax
mind-your-own-business
Related terms: none of your business
main chance
dumbo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdʌmbəʊ/
ipa: /ˈdʌmboʊ/
rhymes: -ʌmbəʊ
Forms: form: dumbos
Etymology: From dumb + -o.
Senses: examples: text: Darman, to my astonishment, spent the evening telling me what an idiot Ronald Reagan was. Airhead. Dumbo.
ref: 2000 March 17, Lance Morrow, “It’s How the President’s Brain Is Wired That’s Key”, in Time:
glosses: A stupid person.
Derived terms: dumbo ear
dumbo octopus
Related terms: dimbo
dumb
dummy
evict
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɨˈvɪkt/
ipa: /iˈvɪkt/
ipa: /ɪˈvɪkt/
rhymes: -ɪkt
Forms: form: evicts
form: evicting
form: evicted
form: evicted
Etymology: From Middle English evicten, evycten, borrowed from Latin ēvictus, past participle of ēvincō (“to vanquish completely”). Doublet of evince.
Senses: examples: text: evict a tenant
text: threat to evict
text: legally evict
text: The landlord threatened to evict them for nonpayment.
text: The protesters were forcibly evicted.
glosses: To expel (one or more people) from their property; to force (one or more people) to move out.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To eject from a memory cache to reduce the cache's size.
Synonyms: eject
Derived terms: evictable
evictee
eviction
evictor
renovict
unevicted
Related terms: evince
abies
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæbɪˌiːz/
ipa: /ˈeɪbiˌiz/
ipa: /ˈæbiˌiz/
Forms: form: abies
form: abietes
Etymology: From the genus name Abies.
Senses: glosses: A tree of the genus Abies.
glosses: A tannin made from the barks of firs and spruces.
droit
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɹɔɪt/
Forms: form: droits
Etymology: From French droit. Doublet of direct.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: A legal right or entitlement.
Related terms: droit de seigneur
droit de suite
droit du seigneur
droit of admiralty
gyrocopter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈdʒaɪroʊˌkɒptər/
Forms: form: gyrocopters
Etymology: From gyro- + -copter.
Senses: examples: A gyrocopter’s rotor spins freely due to airflow rather than engine power.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An autogyro, similar to a helicopter.
Related terms: helicopter
propeller
rotor
pantalone
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: pantalones
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of pantaloon (“buffoon”).
Oddo-Harkins rule
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: First reported by Giuseppe Oddo in 1914 and William Draper Harkins in 1917.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: a rule which states that elements that have an even number of protons in the nucleus are more common than those with an odd number
elegiac
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛlɪˈd͡ʒaɪək/
ipa: /ˌɛlɪˈd͡ʒaɪˌæk/
ipa: /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/
ipa: /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪˌæk/
ipa: /ɪˈlid͡ʒiˌæk/
rhymes: -aɪək
rhymes: -aɪæk
rhymes: -iːdʒiæk
Forms: form: more elegiac
form: most elegiac
form: elegaic
Etymology: From Middle French élégiaque, from Latin elegīacus, from Ancient Greek ἐλεγειακός (elegeiakós).
Senses: examples: text: the elegiac distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter
glosses: Of or relating to an elegy.
examples: text: Hast thou no elegiac verse / For Brunswick's venerable hearse, / What! not a line, a tear, a sigh, / When valour bleeds for liberty?
ref: 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Introduction to Canto Third: To William Erskine, Esq.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza III, page 119:
text: And elegiac griefs, and songs of love,
ref: 1856, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “First Book”, in Aurora Leigh, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1857, →OCLC, page 36:
synonyms: word: sorrowful
word: mournful
word: atrabiliary
word: atrabilious
word: blitheless
word: dispirited
word: blue
word: bummed out
word: chapfallen
word: cheerless
word: chopfallen
word: crestfallen
word: cut up
word: damp
word: dejected
word: depressed
word: despondent
word: disgruntled
word: disconsolate
word: disheartened
word: dismal
word: doleful
word: dolesome
word: down
word: down in the dumps
word: down in the mouth
word: downcast
word: downhearted
word: downsome
word: dull
word: elegiac
word: elegious
word: forlorn
word: gloomy
word: glum
word: grief-stricken
word: grieving
word: heavy-hearted
word: heartsore
word: heartsick
word: inconsolable
word: infelicitous
word: jawfallen
word: joyless
word: lachrymose
word: lamentful
word: low
word: low-spirited
word: lugubrious
word: lumpish
word: melancholic
word: melancholy
word: miserable
word: moody
word: mopey
word: morose
word: mournful
word: passionate
word: plaintive
word: querulous
word: sad
word: saddened
word: saturnine
word: shattered
word: solemn
word: sombre
word: sorrowful
word: sorrow-ridden
word: sorrowsome
word: spiritless
word: sullen
word: threnetic
word: threnetical
word: triste
word: tristful
word: uncheerful
word: uncheery
word: unconsolable
word: unhappy
word: unlively
word: wistful
word: woe
word: woebegone
word: woeful
word: wretched
glosses: Expressing sorrow or mourning.
Derived terms: elegiacal
elegiacally
elegiac couplet
elegiac pentameter
unelegiac
elegiac
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɛlɪˈd͡ʒaɪək/
ipa: /ˌɛlɪˈd͡ʒaɪˌæk/
ipa: /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/
ipa: /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪˌæk/
ipa: /ɪˈlid͡ʒiˌæk/
rhymes: -aɪək
rhymes: -aɪæk
rhymes: -iːdʒiæk
Forms: form: elegiacs
form: elegaic
Etymology: From Middle French élégiaque, from Latin elegīacus, from Ancient Greek ἐλεγειακός (elegeiakós).
Senses: examples: text: His saphics are worse, if possible, than his elegiacs
ref: 1748, John Upton, Critical Observations on Shakespeare, 2nd edition, page 385:
glosses: A poem composed in the couplet style of classical elegies: a line of dactylic hexameter followed by a line of dactylic pentameter.
organometallic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From organo- + metallic.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: of, or relating to organic compounds having a metal atom directly bonded to a carbon atom
Derived terms: bioorganometallic
nonorganometallic
organometallic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: organometallics
Etymology: From organo- + metallic.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Any organometallic compound.
Derived terms: organometallic chemistry
organometallic compound
organometallic compound
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: organometallic compounds
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: an organic compound having at least one metal-to-carbon bond
Related terms: organometallic chemistry
foot candle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: foot candles
form: foot-candle
Senses: glosses: A measure of illuminance (or light intensity) on a surface equal to one lumen per square foot.
Related terms: meter candle
organometallic chemistry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: the chemistry of organometallic compounds; their preparation, structure and reactions
footcandle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: footcandles
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of foot candle.
foot-candle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: foot-candles
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of foot candle.
partial charge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: partial charges
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: an electric charge that is less than the charge on an electron; for example, that of a quark
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: the partial charge on a particular atom in a polar molecule due to differences in electronegativity
electronegativity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: electronegativities
Etymology: From electro- + negativity.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The tendency, or a measure of the ability, of an atom or molecule to attract electrons when forming bonds.
Related terms: electronegative
electropositivity
Pauling scale
Mulliken scale
petrochemistry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From petro- + chemistry.
Senses: topics: chemistry
geography
geology
natural-sciences
petrochemistry
petrology
physical-sciences
glosses: The branch of chemistry that deals with petroleum, natural gas and their derivatives.
Related terms: petrochemical
antemeridian
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of or relating to morning; that happens in the morning.
Related terms: ante meridiem
bleached
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bliːt͡ʃt/
rhymes: -iːtʃt
Forms: form: more bleached
form: most bleached
Senses: examples: text: bleached cotton
glosses: Whitened; made white using bleach
glosses: Faded or washed out by weather and strong sunlight.
examples: text: An obviously bleached blonde, thick pancake makeup flaking powderily off deep furrowed wrinkles on her face, confronted me.
ref: 1960, Harold Livingston, The Climacticon, page 98:
glosses: Having the hair or skin lightened by bleaching.
glosses: A non-white person who has had sex with a white male.
Synonyms: sense: whitened
word: blanched
sense: faded or washed out
word: decoloured
Derived terms: bleached blond
bleached ginger
nonbleached
prebleached
sunbleached
unbleached
bleached
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bliːt͡ʃt/
rhymes: -iːtʃt
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of bleach
back garden
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: back gardens
Senses: examples: text: Afterwards, Gareth Southgate conjured up the modern English pastoral when he said he was glad to have delivered goals for a public watching at home on a “warm Sunday afternoon”. A great vision of barbecues ablaze, televisions repositioned and six times a boozy roar across the back gardens.
ref: 2018 June 24, Sam Wallace, “Harry Kane scores hat-trick as England hit Panama for six to secure World Cup knock-out qualification”, in Telegraph (UK), retrieved 24 Jun 2018:
glosses: A garden at the rear of a property.
Related terms: front garden
front garden
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: front gardens
Senses: glosses: A garden at the front of a property.
Synonyms: word: front yard
Related terms: back garden
blotched
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /blɒtʃt/
ipa: /blɑt͡ʃt/
rhymes: -ɒtʃt
Forms: form: more blotched
form: most blotched
Etymology: From blotch + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: The Dutch think no People are so much troubled with the Scurvy as they: But they mistake. There are more blotched Faces in one Town in England, than in the whole Dutch Province [...]
ref: 1743, anonymous author, A Description of Holland; or, the Present State of the United Provinces, London: J. & P. Knapton, page 52:
text: 1845, Charles Dickens, The Cricket on the Hearth, Chirp the Second,
The Blind Girl never knew that ceilings were discoloured, walls blotched and bare of plaster here and there, high crevices unstopped and widening every day, beams mouldering and tending downward.
text: Frome turned away again, and taking up his razor stooped to catch the reflection of his stretched cheek in the blotched looking-glass above the wash-stand.
ref: 1911 October, Edith Wharton, chapter I, in Ethan Frome (The Scribner Library; SL8), New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 41:
synonyms: blotchy
spotted
spotty
antonyms: blotchless
unblotched
glosses: Covered in blotches (“uneven patches of colour or discolouration”).
Derived terms: side-blotched lizard
blotched
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /blɒtʃt/
ipa: /blɑt͡ʃt/
rhymes: -ɒtʃt
Etymology: From blotch + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of blotch
blotchy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɒtʃi
Forms: form: blotchier
form: blotchiest
Etymology: From blotch + -y.
Senses: examples: text: The sunset colors were not sunset. The sun was bright and blinding overhead, surrounded by reddish clouds, glaring down on the fairy city. The sky was—blotchy. It was daylight, but through the clouds bright stars were shining.
ref: 1963, Lester del Rey, The Sky Is Falling:
glosses: Covered in blotches.
Synonyms: sense: covered in blotches
word: blotched
sense: covered in blotches
word: spotted
sense: covered in blotches
word: spotty
Derived terms: blotchily
blotchiness
unblotchy
brunet
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹuˈnɛt/
ipa: /bɹuːˈnɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Etymology: From French brunet. Compare also Middle English brunet, burnet (“brown”), from Old French brunet, which is the same word.
Senses: glosses: Of a man's or boy's hair: brown or dark brown.
glosses: Of a man or boy, having brown or dark brown hair.
Derived terms: brunetness
brunet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bɹuˈnɛt/
ipa: /bɹuːˈnɛt/
rhymes: -ɛt
Forms: form: brunets
Etymology: From French brunet. Compare also Middle English brunet, burnet (“brown”), from Old French brunet, which is the same word.
Senses: glosses: A man or boy with brown or dark brown hair.
shenanigans
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɪˈnæn.ɪ.ɡənz/
ipa: [ʃɪˈnæn.ɪ.ɡn̩z]
ipa: /ʃəˈnæn.ə.ɡɪnz/
ipa: /-ɡənz/
Etymology: From shenanigan + -s.
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of shenanigan
petrochemical
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: petrochemicals
Etymology: From petro- + chemical.
Senses: examples: text: Another is a Bloomberg project we're participating in that looks beyond petrochemicals.
ref: 2023 September 19, Yessenia Funes, “The Father of Environmental Justice Exposes the Geography of Inequity”, in Scientific American:
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
natural-sciences
petrochemistry
petrology
physical-sciences
related: word: petchem
word: petrochem
coordinate_terms: biochemical#Noun
glosses: Any chemical derived from petroleum.
examples: text: As the prices of petroleum, natural gas, and coal fluctuate over the years, the petrochemical industry can to some extent switch feedstocks.
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
natural-sciences
petrochemistry
petrology
physical-sciences
related: word: petchem
word: petrochem
coordinate_terms: biochemical#Noun
glosses: Any chemical derived from any of the fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas, or coal.
petrochemical
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Etymology: From petro- + chemical.
Senses: examples: text: In 2006, about 6 percent of the world's crude oil production was used in non-energy applications, primarily as a petrochemical feedstock.
ref: 2009, M.S.Vassiliou, Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry, page 5:
related: word: petchem
word: petrochem
glosses: Of or pertaining to the such compounds, or the industry that produces them.
Derived terms: nonpetrochemical
petrochemically
Related terms: petrochemistry
phenylenediamine
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: phenylenediamines
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: Any of the three isomeric di-amino-benzenes, used as intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, plastics etc.
Derived terms: paraphenylenediamine
physical chemistry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: Calque of Russian физи́ческая хи́мия (fizíčeskaja xímija). Coined by polymath Mikhail Lomonosov in 1752.
Senses: glosses: The science that uses theories and techniques from physics to study chemical systems.
Related terms: chemical physics
chemicophysical
physicochemical
radiochemistry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From radio- + chemistry.
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
hypernyms: chemistry
<
physical science
<
natural science
<
science
coordinate_terms: photochemistry
;
radiophysics
glosses: The chemistry of radioactive substances.
examples: Holonym: physical chemistry
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
hypernyms: chemistry
<
physical science
<
natural science
<
science
glosses: The use of radioisotopes to study the kinetics of chemical reactions.
Related terms: isotopic chemistry
isotopic chemistry
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The study of the effects of isotopic substitution on chemical compounds, especially on the kinetics of their reactions.
Related terms: radiochemistry
isotopologue
isotopomer
radioisotope
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: radioisotopes
form: radio-isotope
Etymology: From radio- + isotope.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A radioactive isotope of an element.
Synonyms: radionuclide
radionuclide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: radionuclides
form: radio-nuclide
form: radio-nucleide
form: radionucleide
Etymology: From radio- + nuclide.
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: a radioactive nuclide
Synonyms: radioisotope
encyclopaedic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more encyclopaedic
form: most encyclopaedic
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of encyclopedic.
Derived terms: encyclopaedical
encyclopaedicity
encyclopedicity
unencyclopaedic
nuclide
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈn(j)uːklaɪd/
Forms: form: nuclides
form: nucleide
Etymology: From nucleus + -ide. Coined by American chemist Truman Kohman in 1947 in an article in the American Journal of Physics, in which he defines nuclide as "a species of atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus, in particular by the numbers of protons and neutrons in its nucleus."
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: An atomic nucleus specified by its atomic number and atomic mass.
wikipedia: American Journal of Physics
Derived terms: cosmonuclide
daughter nuclide
hypernuclide
nuclidic
parent nuclide
radionuclide
Francophobia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɹæŋ.kəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/
rhymes: -əʊbiə
Forms: form: francophobia
Etymology: From Franco- + -phobia.
Senses: glosses: The hatred or fear of France, its people and culture.
examples: Today, francophobia has donned new clothes: those of populism. Under the simplistic discourse of budgetary rigour, deficit reduction, and common sense, the new populist apostles see bilingualism not as an advantage but as a frill … In times like these, one may only remember the cri du coeur launched in 1913 by Franco-Ontarians against those who sought to strip their children’s access to French-language education — https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-francophobia-is-donning-new-populist-clothes-in-canada
glosses: The hatred or fear of the presence of the French language and its native speakers.
Synonyms: Gallophobia
gallophobia
Related terms: France
Francophobe
francophobe
Francophobiac
francophobiac
Francophobic
francophobic
BOI
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: glosses: Initialism of Bank of India.
glosses: Initialism of Bank of Ireland.
glosses: Initialism of Bureau of Immigration.
BOI
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: BOIs
Senses: glosses: Initialism of basal osseointegrated implant.
glosses: Initialism of bill of information.
Boi
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: From Portuguese bumba-meu-boi, from boi (“bull”).
Senses: glosses: a style of Central Amazonian folk music
journo
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɜː(ɹ)nəʊ
Forms: form: journos
Etymology: From journalist + -o (“diminutive suffix”). Australian.https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/journo
Senses: examples: text: He′d been packed in with all the other journos, standing out only in that he was taller than most and didn′t make as much noise.
ref: 2000, Robert Bingham, Lightning on the Sun, page 34:
text: Journos and scribes are officially welcomed by the Taliban and then never given visas to enter. The Red Cross needs Talib approval for all journos before you can book a flight.
ref: 2003, USA International Business Publications, Afghanistan Business Law Handbook, page 254:
text: 2004, Pam Austin, Bob Austin, Getting Free Publicity: The Secrets of Successful Press Relations, How To Books, Oxford, page 8,
And we hope that all women journos will forgive us if, in these pages, we use the word ‘he’ as shorthand for ‘he/she’ when referring to members of the Fourth Estate.
text: 2007, Sara Voorhees, The Lumière Affair: A Novel of Cannes, Simon & Schuster, New York, page 22,
TV journos consider print journos to be snobs who write for other print journos (and are therefore read by a Lilliputian portion of the population). Print journos believe TV journos to be cretins who are worshipped blindly by the lowest common denominator.
text: 2008 August 11, Namrata Joshi, Movie Review: Mission Istaanbul, Outlook, page 80,
His nubile wife (Shriya Saran), also a TV journo, calls him names like “mouthpiece of terrorists”.
glosses: A journalist.
reaction mechanism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reaction mechanisms
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: the ordered set of individual reactions whose overall effect is given by a chemical equation
reactive intermediate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: reactive intermediates
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: A short-lived compound that is formed temporarily in a reaction mechanism.
Related terms: carbanion
carbene
carbocation
carbonium ion
excited state
free radical
nitrene
radical ion
all-purpose
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: For all purposes; general-purpose.
Synonyms: multipurpose
Derived terms: all-purpose cleaner
all-purpose flour
all-encompassing
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more all-encompassing
form: most all-encompassing
Etymology: From all- + encompassing.
Senses: examples: text: The desire to get back into the womb can become, in a creative way, a making of a womb out of the whole world, including everything in the womb (the city, the enlarged universe of Black Spring, of The Black Book), the all-englobing, all-encompassing womb, holding everything.
ref: 1967, Anaïs Nin, edited by Gunther Stuhlmann, The Diary of Anaïs Nin, 1934–1939, Swallow Press, page 173:
text: This essay, "Identity: Skin Blood Heart," is an account of her struggle to wrench herself free from the all-encompassing racist indoctrination that white people in North America are taught.
ref: 1985 February 2, Malkah Barrsey Feldman, “Blacks & Jews: Vulnerability & Values”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 28, page 9:
text: […] since the goddess Antu did not hold a prominent status at Uruk before the fifth century. The primary purpose of MLC 1890 was evidently to present Antu as universal goddess and all-encompassing cosmic location.
ref: 2019 January 8, Christine Proust, John Steele, Scholars and Scholarship in Late Babylonian Uruk, Springer, →ISBN, page 248:
glosses: Including everything; universal.
Synonyms: comprehensive
overall
all around
all-embracing
all-inclusive
arms race
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: arms races
Senses: examples: text: Mr. Xi has made his intentions clear. He aims to achieve a “national rejuvenation” that would include displacing the United States as the dominant rule-setter in the region, controlling access to the South China Sea, and bringing Taiwan — a self-governing island that China sees as lost territory — under Beijing’s control.
In response, many of China’s neighbors — and the United States — are turning to hard power, accelerating the most significant arms race in Asia since World War II.
ref: 2023 March 25, Damien Cave, “An Anxious Asia Arms for a War It Hopes to Prevent”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 25 Mar 2023:
glosses: A competition for military supremacy between two powers, especially for the most weapons and the best military technology.
examples: text: The cost of parasitism has provoked an evolutionary arms race between parasite and host, in which hosts evolve defences to avoid becoming victimized and parasites counterattack by evolving strategies to outwit their hosts.
ref: 2006, R.M. Kilner, “The evolution of egg colour and patterning in birds”, in Biological Reviews, volume 81, page 389, column 1:
text: ChatGPT's sudden popularity has triggered an arms race among the world's leading tech companies and start-ups that are rushing to obtain the H100, which Huang describes as “the world's first computer [chip]^([sic]) designed for generative AI”—artificial intelligence systems that can quickly create humanlike text, images and content.
ref: 2023 May 28, Tim Bradshaw, Richard Waters, “Nvidia reaps rewards from early lead in AI chipmaking”, in FT Weekend, page 14:
glosses: Any similar competition that involves competing developments.
classical conditioning
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: A learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus (such as a bell) is paired with a potent stimulus (such as food in the case of a dog), so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response (salivation) similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus.
Synonyms: Pavlovian conditioning
Coordinate terms: operant conditioning
upper class
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌʌpəˈklɑːs/
ipa: /ˌʌpɚˈklæs/
Forms: form: upper classes
Senses: glosses: Those people at the top of a social hierarchy.
glosses: The aristocracy.
Synonyms: the quality
Coordinate terms: middle class
professional class
working class
Derived terms: upper-class twit
Related terms: upper-class
conditioned reflex
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: conditioned reflexes
Senses: glosses: A response, to a stimulus, that has been acquired by operant conditioning.
Synonyms: conditioned response
Related terms: unconditioned reflex
conditioned response
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: conditioned responses
Senses: glosses: a conditioned reflex
emacs
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈiːmæks/
Forms: form: emacses
form: emacsen
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Any implementation or reimplementation of Emacs.
globus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡləʊbəs/
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin globus. Doublet of globe and perhaps glob.
Senses: topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The sensation of having a lump in the throat.
Synonyms: globus hystericus
globus pharyngis
Derived terms: globus pallidus
meritocracy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɛɹɪˈtɒkɹəsi/
ipa: /mɛɹəˈtɑkɹəsi/
Forms: form: meritocracies
Etymology: From merit + -o- + -cracy, coined by British sociologist Alan Fox in 1956 in an article in Socialist Commentary from May 1956, used as a derisive term, and popularized by British sociologist Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington in his 1958 book The Rise of the Meritocracy.
Senses: examples: text: As a small nation without natural resources, Singapore relies on education and meritocracy to develop its economy.
text: In Markovits’s telling, the rise of the meritocracy is a story of unintended consequences.
ref: 2019 September 5, Sarah Leonard, “The Fall of the Meritocracy”, in The New Republic, archived from the original on 07 Sep 2019:
text: Its faculty has also been a factory of books taking differing positions on the merits and demerits of meritocracy and elite education.
ref: 2019 September 9, Jennifer Schuessler, “The Meritocrat Who Wants to Unwind the Meritocracy”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 10 Sep 2019:
glosses: Rule by merit and talent.
glosses: A type of society where wealth, income, and social status are assigned through competition.
Derived terms: antimeritocracy
meritocrat
meritocratic
mirrortocracy
perniosis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpɝniˈoʊsɪs/
enpr: pûrniōʹsĭs
ipa: /ˌpɜːniˈəʊsɪs/
Forms: form: pernioses
Etymology: From pernio + -osis.
Senses: glosses: pernio (chilblain).
glosses: Any skin abnormality resulting from exposure to cold.
fact of life
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: facts of life
Etymology: First use appears c. 1806.
Senses: glosses: Something that cannot be avoided; a stark reality of existence.
Derived terms: facts of life
Related terms: such is life
gild
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɪld/
rhymes: -ɪld
homophone: gilled
homophone: guild
Forms: form: gilds
form: gilding
form: gilded
form: gilded
form: gilt
form: gilt
Etymology: From Middle English gilden, gulden, from Old English gyldan (“to gild, to cover with a thin layer of gold”), from Proto-West Germanic *gulþijan, from Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”).
Senses: examples: text: High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.
ref: 1888 May, Oscar Wilde, “The Happy Prince”, in The Happy Prince and Other Tales, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 1:
hypernyms: gold#Verb
glosses: To cover with a thin layer of gold; to cover with gold leaf.
examples: text: I will make fast the doors, and gild myself
 With some more ducats, and be with you straight.
ref: c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi]:
glosses: To adorn.
examples: text: Gild the entire outside with beaten egg yolk, and sprinkle it with grated parmesan.
ref: 2008, Ivan P. Day, Cooking in Europe, 1650-1850, page 98:
topics: cooking
food
lifestyle
hypernyms: gold#Verb
glosses: To decorate with a golden surface appearance.
examples: text: When sparkling stars twire not, thou gild'st the even.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 28”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
glosses: To give a bright or pleasing aspect to.
examples: text: [Alonso] And Trinculo is reeling-ripe: vvhere sſhould they
Finde this grand Liquor that hath gilded'em?
Hovv cam'ſt thou in this pickle?
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 18, column 2:
glosses: To give a brilliant colour or flush to one's face; (also) to make appear drunk.
Derived terms: begild
electrogild
engild
gildable
Gilded Age
gilded cage
gilder
gild the lily
gild the pill
overgild
regild
ungild
gild
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɪld/
rhymes: -ɪld
homophone: gilled
homophone: guild
Forms: form: gilds
Senses: examples: text: No trade gild might be started without the consent of the whole body of hanasters, who would insist that the regulations were not harmful to the burgesses as a whole; […]
ref: 1920, H. E. Salter, Munimenta Civitatis Oxonie, volume 71, page xxviii:
glosses: Obsolete spelling of guild.