cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
Elysian Fields
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈlɪziən ˈfiːldz/
ipa: /ɪˈlɪʒən/
ipa: /ɪˈliʒən ˈfildz/
Forms: form: the Elysian Fields
Etymology: Calque of Latin Campī Ēlysiī, from Ancient Greek Ἠλῠ́σῐον Πεδῐ́ον (Ēlŭ́sĭon Pedĭ́on). By surface analysis, Elysian + fields.
Senses: examples: text: Indeed, the Elysian Fields themselves were a part of Hades, though they have since been removed to Paris.
ref: 1911, Ambrose Bierce, “Hades”, in The Devil’s Dictionary, New York, N.Y.; Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 127:
topics: human-sciences
mysticism
mythology
philosophy
sciences
glosses: Elysium; home of the blessed, after death.
glosses: A place or state of ideal happiness; paradise.
Hobson's choice
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Hobson's choices
Etymology: Named after Thomas Hobson (1544–1631) of Cambridge, England, who rented horses and had an extensive stable, but required each customer to take the horse in the stall closest to the door, to prevent the best horses from always being chosen and becoming overused.
Senses: examples: text: When Hobson's choice is placed before one, deliberation is of no great use.
ref: 1847, James Fenimore Cooper, chapter 23, in The Crater:
text: In other words, they might go to the devil and starve—Hobson's choice!—for all the other factories were owned by men who offered no better terms.
ref: 1887, George Bernard Shaw, chapter 5, in An Unsocial Socialist:
text: This Hobson’s choice is the beating heart of “Raymond Carver: A Writer’s Life.” Any writer might wonder what he’d do in such a case.
ref: 2009 November 20, Stephen King, “Raymond Carver’s Life and Stories”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: Such Hobson's choices are the stuff of high drama, but unfortunately for poor, lovely Lebanon it is a tragedy that never seems to end.
ref: 2011 January 13, Lawrence Wright, “Lebanon’s Tragic Hero”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 03 Jun 2023:
text: "Hobson's Choice." He was still stroking Radar, long glides of his hand from nape to tail. "In the end, it seems to me that one or two good months are better than six bad ones. If it works at all, that is."
ref: 2022, Stephen King, chapter 8, in Fairy Tale, page 132:
glosses: A situation where an individual is presented with the illusion of a free choice, but in reality, there is only one option available: accepting the offer or having nothing at all.
examples: text: 'He's claiming copyright on his hobson's.' 'I beg your pardon.' 'His hobson's choice — his voice'.
ref: 1959, Ray Galton, Alan Simpson, Hancock's Half Hour; quoted in Green's Dictionary of Slang, n.d.:
synonyms: word: Hobson's
glosses: The voice.
Related terms: nonchoice
Sophie's choice
cut the Gordian knot
take it or leave it
gravitas
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɹævɪtɑs/
ipa: /ˈɡɹæv.ɪ.tɑːs/
ipa: /ˈɡɹæv.ɪ.tæs/
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin gravitās (“weight, heaviness”). Doublet of gravity.
Senses: examples: text: “Because he refuses to level with the American people about the dangers which he has placed American troops and our diplomatic corps, personnel and civilians, as well as our partners and allies, or demonstrated even a modicum of presidential gravitas, I will attempt to do that,” said Mr. Biden, who is one of 14 candidates seeking the Democratic presidential nomination.
ref: 2020 January 7, Katie Glueck, Shane Goldmacher, “Joe Biden, Seeking Commander-in-Chief Moment, Denounces Trump’s Iran Escalation”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: Seriousness in bearing or manner; dignity.
examples: text: The other campaign against Ms. Yellen has been subtler, involving repeated suggestions — almost always off the record — that she lacks the “gravitas” to lead the Fed. What does that mean? […] Sorry, but it’s hard to escape the conclusion that gravitas, in this context, mainly means possessing a Y chromosome.
ref: 2013 August 2, Paul Krugman, “Sex, Money and Gravitas”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: Unlike most moons of the solar system, ours has the heft, the gravitational gravitas, to pull itself into a sphere.
ref: 2014 September 7, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again”, in The New York Times:
text: [Liz Truss] fails to display intellectual gravitas, they say, relying instead upon cheap slogans, and struggles to make convincing speeches, another facet of her character that could be quickly exposed under the intense scrutiny of Downing Street.
ref: 2022 July 30, “‘Ambition greater than ability’: Liz Truss’s rise from teen Lib Dem to would-be PM”, in The Guardian:
text: It's a light rail system, after all, although it does operate at the heavier end of the light rail spectrum. Yet it doesn't have the history or the gravitas that (say) London Underground has.
ref: 2023 November 29, Richard Foster, “Tyne & Wear Metro goes with the flow”, in RAIL, number 997, page 32:
glosses: Substance, weight.
Related terms: gravitate
gravity
kismet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɪz.mɛt/
ipa: /ˈkɪs.mɛt/
Forms: form: kismets
form: kismat
form: Kismet
Etymology: From Ottoman Turkish قسمت (kısmet, “fate, destiny”) (Turkish kısmet), from Arabic قِسْمَة (qisma, “division, lot, destiny”).
Senses: examples: text: But these things are kismet, and we only find out all about them just when any knowledge is too late.
ref: 1887, Rudyard Kipling, Bitters Neat:
text: "Golly!" he cried. "I'm awfully sorry, Bo'sun, but you're It. You're luck's clean out to-day. What rotten Kismet you do have. The Lot fell on you all right, smack in the middle of your chest."
ref: 1917, Percival Christopher Wren, “The Rafters”, in The Young Stagers:
text: But at this point fickle Kismet, who for a day had played with him bitterly and sardonically, decided to reward him in full for the amusement he had afforded her. Kismet turned the tawny eyes of the snake-charmer to the camel. Kismet led her to lean toward the man beside her and say, "Who's that? That camel?"
ref: 1920, F. Scott Fitzgerald, chapter III, in The Camel's Back:
text: Sexualised Catholicism, at the dawn of MTV, was Madonna’s first stroke of kismet.
ref: 2019 June 8, Kitty Empire, “Madonna: Madame X review – a splendidly bizarre return to form”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: word: destiny
word: fate
word: fortune
word: lot
word: chance
word: destin
word: destiny
word: doom
word: fatality
word: fate
word: foredoom
word: foreordination
word: fortune
word: kismet
word: lot
word: orlay
word: portion
word: predestination
word: predestiny
word: preordination
word: qadar
word: weird
word: wyrd
glosses: Fate; a predetermined or unavoidable destiny.
Derived terms: kismesis
kismetic
venial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈviːni.əl/
Forms: form: more venial
form: most venial
Etymology: From Old French venial, borrowed from Late Latin veniālem (“pardonable”), from Latin venia (“forgiveness”).
Senses: examples: text: He did not say that he should favour such an attempt; But he did say that such an attempt would be venial.
ref: 1826, [Mary Shelley], The Last Man. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:
synonyms: pardonable
excusable
forgivable
antonyms: unvenial
unforgivable
glosses: Able to be forgiven; worthy of forgiveness.
examples: text: His venial youthful indiscretions.
synonyms: pardonable
excusable
forgivable
antonyms: unvenial
unforgivable
glosses: Able to be forgiven; worthy of forgiveness.
Worthy of forgiveness because trifling (trivial).
topics: lifestyle
religion
antonyms: mortal
glosses: Not causing spiritual death.
raw_tags: of a sin
Derived terms: venial sin
uxorious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌkˈsɔːɹ.i.əs/
ipa: /ʌkˈsɔɹ.i.əs/
ipa: /ʌɡˈzɔɹ.i.əs/
rhymes: -ɔːɹiəs
Forms: form: more uxorious
form: most uxorious
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin uxōrius (“of or pertaining to a wife”), from uxor (“wife”).
Senses: examples: text: With theſe in troop
Came Aſtoreth, whom the Phœnicians call'd
Aſtarte, Queen of Heav'n, with creſcent Horns;
To whoſ,e bright Image nightly by the Moon
Sidonian Virgins paid their Vows and Songs,
In Sion alſo not unſung, where ſtood
Her Temple on th' offensive Mountain, built
By that uxorious King, whoſe heart though large,
Beguil'd by fair Idolatreſſes, fell
To Idols foul.
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 437–446:
text: In truth, Richard was a fond—almost an uxorious husband.
ref: 1825 June 22, [Walter Scott], Tales of the Crusaders. […], volume IV (The Talisman), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 129:
text: Mr. Watkins Tottle was a rather uncommon compound of strong uxorious inclinations, and an unparalleled degree of anti-connubial timidity.
ref: 1836, “Boz” [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Sketches by “Boz,” Illustrative of Every-day Life, and Every-day People. […], volume II, London: John Macrone, […], →OCLC, pages 1–2:
text: The king, who was a most uxorious husband, at first ridiculed the notion, but at length consented, as he did to everything else on which her majesty had set her heart.
ref: 1872, Samuel Butler, chapter XXIV, in Erewhon […] , London: Trübner & Co., →OCLC, page 226:
text: People smiled a little when Sir Andrew Ffoulkes' name was mentioned, some called him effeminate, others uxorious, his fond attachment for his pretty little wife was thought to pass the bounds of decorum.
ref: 1908, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], The Elusive Pimpernel, London: Hutchinson & Co. […], →OCLC:
text: But Daylight was not unduly uxorious. He lived his man's life just as she lived her woman's life.
ref: 1910 October, Jack London, Burning Daylight, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC:
text: She was the cross her cuckolded, incompatible husband had to bear, and he was—beneath those fantastic uniforms—the pathetic, uxorious human aggregate of love and good intentions, which, quite frankly, bored her most of the time.
ref: 1991 October 12, The Advertiser:
glosses: Very devoted and possibly submissive to one's wife; showing excessive uxorial devotion
Synonyms: doting
Coordinate terms: maritorious
whipped
Derived terms: uxoriousness
Related terms: uxorial
uxoricide
undulate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌndjəleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndəleɪt/
Forms: form: undulates
form: undulating
form: undulated
form: undulated
Etymology: First attested in 1664; borrowed from New Latin undulātus, the perfect passive participle of undulō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from an unattested *undula (“small wave”), diminutive of Latin unda (“wave”).
Senses: examples: text: Breath vocalized, i.e., vibrated and undulated.
ref: 1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To cause to move in a wavelike motion.
glosses: To cause to resemble a wave.
examples: text: Come lovely and soothing death, / Undulate round the world, serenely arriving, arriving, / In the day, in the night, to all, to each, / Sooner or later delicate death.
ref: 1865, Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, in Sequel to Drum-Taps: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d and other poems:
glosses: To move in wavelike motions.
glosses: To appear wavelike.
Related terms: oscillate
undulate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈʌndjəleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndəleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndjəlɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndjʊlɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndəlɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndjələt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/
ipa: /ˈʌndələt/
ipa: /ˈʌndjəleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌndəleɪt/
Forms: form: more undulate
form: most undulate
Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
Senses: glosses: Wavy in appearance or form.
glosses: Changing the pitch and volume of one's voice.
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: sinuous, winding up and down.
raw_tags: of a margin
ululate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈjuːljuleɪt/
ipa: /ˈʌljəleɪt/
Forms: form: ululates
form: ululating
form: ululated
form: ululated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin ululō, ululātus, of imitative origin. Cognate with Spanish aullar (“to howl”) and ulular (“to hoot”), and French ululer (“to howl”).
Senses: examples: text: Should I ever marry, Watson, I should hope to inspire my wife with some feeling which would prevent her from being walked off by a housekeeper when my corpse was lying within a few yards of her. It was badly stage-managed; for even the rawest investigators must be struck by the absence of the usual feminine ululation.
ref: 1915, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Valley of Fear:
text: Women dance in tight circles, ululating with joy, while groups of men sit nearby watching.
ref: 2025 June 30, Andrei Popoviciu, “In Sudan, a bride and her village celebrate love in a time of war”, in The Christian Science Monitor:
synonyms: bay
howl
wail
glosses: To howl loudly or prolongedly in lamentation or joy.
glosses: To produce a rapid and prolonged series of sharp noises with one's voice.
Related terms: ululant
ululatingly
ululation
dirty grease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Grease which contains remnants of other materials (e.g. particles of food, metals, chemicals, dirt, etc.).
ukase
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /juːˈkeɪz/
ipa: /ˈjuːkeɪs/
rhymes: -eɪz
Forms: form: ukases
form: ukaz
form: Ukaz
form: Ukase
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian ука́з (ukáz, “edict, decree”).
Senses: examples: text: Many estates peopled with crown peasants have been, according to an ukase of Peter the Great, ceded to particular individuals on condition of establishing manufactories […]
ref: c. 1844, Henry Brougham, Political Philosophy:
text: An Ukase, it appears, has been issued by the Emperor Alexander, to facilitate the introduction of calimancoes and other Norwich goods into his Empire.
ref: 1805 May 6, The Times, page 3, column C:
text: Two years ago, the word went forth to friend and foe alike that gender applied to grammar while sex applied to people. I issued the ukase: “If you have a friend of the female sex, you are a red-blooded American boy; if you have a friend of the feminine gender, you have an unnatural attachment to a word.”
ref: 1984 August 5, William Safire, “Goodbye Sex, Hello Gender”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: The planters, he explained in a letter to Lincoln, would accept emancipation by ukase in preference to being compelled to enact it themselves in a new constitution.
ref: 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 704:
glosses: An authoritative proclamation; an edict, especially decreed by a Russian czar or later ruler.
examples: text: I knew a stunned plunge of disappointment and a bitter anger. What right had he to issue such an arbitrary ukase?
ref: 1965, John Fowles, The Magus:
text: It is a short step from discovering that the world we know is a fake or a cheat to discovering that human beings are themselves factitious: that we are robots, ‘simulacra’ (the title of one of Dick’s novels), ‘just reflex machines’, ‘repeating doomed patterns, a single pattern, over and over’ in accordance with biological or economic ukases.
ref: 2008 July, Stephen Burt, “Kick Over the Scenery”, in London Review of Books:
synonyms: diktat
glosses: Any absolutist order or arrogant proclamation
Related terms: decree
edict
authoritative
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɔːˈθɒɹɪtətɪv/
ipa: /ɔːˈθɒɹɪtɪv/
ipa: /əˈθɔɹɪˌteɪtɪv/
ipa: /əˈθɑɹɪˌteɪtɪv/
ipa: /ɔ-/
ipa: /əˈθɔɹɪtɪv/
ipa: /əˈθɑɹɪtɪv/
ipa: /ɔ-/
Forms: form: more authoritative
form: most authoritative
Etymology: From authorit(y) + -ative.
Senses: examples: text: The authoritative rules in this school come not from the headmaster but from the aged matron.
synonyms: formal
proper
glosses: Arising or originating from a figure of authority.
examples: text: This book is the world's most authoritative guide to insect breeding habits.
synonyms: definitive
of record
precise
glosses: Highly accurate or definitive; treated or worthy of treatment as a scholarly authority.
examples: text: He instructed us in that booming, authoritative voice of his.
text: The fourth model is called the enlightment model: Actors are seen to be responsible for problems but unable or unwilling to provide solutions. They are believed to need discipline provided by authoritative guidance. The Alcoholic Anonymous^([sic]) groups are considered prototypical for this model.
ref: 2013 June 29, Leo Montada, “Coping with Life Stress”, in Herman Steensma, Riël Vermunt, editors, Social Justice in Human Relations Volume 2: Societal and Psychological Consequences of Justice and Injustice, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 26:
synonyms: grave
magisterial
masterful
oracular
sterling
glosses: Having a commanding style.
Derived terms: authoritatively
authoritativeness
authoritative parent
authoritative parenting
inauthoritative
nonauthoritative
unauthoritative
elbow grease
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: elbow-grease
Senses: examples: text: It is astonishing what miserable saws are sometimes used by mechanics, or those claiming to be such. The only way they can be coaxed or driven through the wood is by having an enormous set, a liberal use of oil, and another lubricator called elbow-grease.
ref: 1864, Henry Wells Holly, chapter 3, in The Art of Saw-Filing, page 12:
text: When we were young we used to be told, in our house at home, that "elbow-grease" was the one essential necessary to getting a tough piece of work well done. If a mahogany table was to be made to shine, it was elbow-grease that the operation needed.
ref: 1879, Anthony Trollope, chapter 5, in William Makepeace Thackeray:
text: Some soapy water and a little elbow grease and we'll have the Glam Van clean in no time.
ref: 2019, Sunny, “Violet's Adventure”, in Sunny Day:
synonyms: elbow juice
glosses: Effort or hard work, especially physical work involving repeated motion of the forearm, such as scrubbing.
junk mail
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: junk mails
form: junkmail
Senses: examples: text: I don't believe it. Junk mail that talks back.
ref: 1988 December 14, Stephen Wyatt, “The Greatest Show in the Galaxy Part 1”, in Doctor Who, spoken by Dorothy ("Ace") McShane (Sophie Aldred):
text: In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.
ref: 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
qualifier: postal
glosses: Any mail or letters that are not welcome or solicited and typically sent in bulk; especially mail of a commercial nature such as advertising circulars and form letters.
Derived terms: junk mailer
Related terms: admail
advertising mail
direct mail
spam
UCE
form letter
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: form letters
Etymology: Compound of form + letter.
Senses: examples: text: For my trouble, they sent me a form letter with my name misspelled.
glosses: A letter that is written generically with blanks to be filled in with individual details, often sent in bulk, and frequently regarded as impersonal.
Related terms: junk mail
derailleur
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdəˈɹeɪl.jə/
ipa: /ˌdiˈɹeɪl.jə/
ipa: /ˌdəˈɹeɪ.lɚ/
ipa: /ˌdiˈɹeɪ.lɚ/
Forms: form: derailleurs
form: dérailleur
form: derailer
Etymology: Borrowed from French dérailleur. Doublet of derailer.
Senses: examples: text: The common rear derailleur designs all operate on the same principle. A moveable cage receives the chain returning from the chainwheel and directs it onto one sprocket of the cluster.
ref: 1993, John Forester, “Adjusting Derailleurs”, in Effective Cycling, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 14:
glosses: The mechanism on a bicycle used to move the chain from one sprocket (gear) to another.
glosses: The entire gearset on a bicycle with such a mechanism.
Derived terms: derailleur hanger
substantial
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈstænʃəl/
Forms: form: more substantial
form: most substantial
form: substancial
Etymology: From Middle English substancial, substantiall, from Old French substanciel, substantiel and its etymon Latin substantiālis.
Senses: examples: text: substantial life
glosses: Having a substance; actually existing.
examples: 1850s, Cardinal John Henry Newman, The Rise and Progress of Universities
to do some substantial good, is the compensation for much incidental imperfection
glosses: Not imaginary; real; actual; true; veritable.
glosses: Corporeal; material; firm.
examples: text: substantial cloth
text: a substantial fence or wall
glosses: Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm.
examples: text: a substantial freeholder
glosses: Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy.
examples: text: He inherited a substantial amount of money from his uncle.
text: A substantial number of people went to the event.
glosses: Large in size, quantity, or value; ample; significant.
glosses: Most important; essential.
examples: text: I don't just want a snack; I need something substantial.
text: Teddy had a few crackers in his backpack, but he needed something more substantial if he was to survive a three-day trek.
text: Baby, instant soup doesn't really grab me / Today I need something more sub-sub-sub-substantial / A can of beans or black-eyed peas, some Nescafe and ice
ref: 1992, “The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite”, in Automatic for the People, performed by R.E.M.:
glosses: Satisfying; having sufficient substance to be nourishing or filling.
Synonyms: word: actual
word: bodily
word: corporeal
word: concrete
word: material
word: meaty
word: physical
word: real
word: substantive
word: tangible
Hyponyms: word: personal
word: enduring
word: firm
word: rigid
word: solid
word: strong
word: stout
Derived terms: consubstantial
insubstantial
substantiality
substantially
substantialness
Related terms: word: substance
substantial
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈstænʃəl/
Forms: form: substantials
form: substancial
Etymology: From Middle English substancial, substantiall, from Old French substanciel, substantiel and its etymon Latin substantiālis.
Senses: glosses: Anything having substance; an essential part.
Grub Street
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: After Grub Street in London, England (now named Milton Street), a haunt of and home to impoverished writers.
Senses: examples: text: Upon the occasion of his first publication he quit his day job, only to find that Grub Street wasn't lined with manors and villas but hovels and slums.
text: Not that the existence of Grub street is to be doubted: it was, indeed, a grim actuality, and many a garreter realised by experience
How unhappy's the fate
To live by one's pate
And to be forced to write hackney for bread.
ref: 1972, Pat Rogers, Grub Street: Studies in a Subculture, page 384:
glosses: The home or state of impoverished writers and literary hacks.
conspecific
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɑnspəˈsɪfɪk/
ipa: /ˌkɒnspəˈsɪfɪk/
rhymes: -ɪfɪk
Etymology: From con- + specific.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
taxonomy
glosses: relating to the same species
Derived terms: conspecifically
nonconspecific
Related terms: consubspecific
contypic
conspecific
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɑnspəˈsɪfɪk/
ipa: /ˌkɒnspəˈsɪfɪk/
rhymes: -ɪfɪk
Forms: form: conspecifics
Etymology: From con- + specific.
Senses: examples: text: I duly laid on Adam the privilege and obligations of a conspecific.
ref: 2019, Ian McEwan, Machines Like Me, Jonathan Cape, page 84:
hypernyms: congener#Noun
glosses: An organism belonging to the same species as another.
Derived terms: conspecificity
rusticate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈrʌstɪkeɪt/
Forms: form: rusticates
form: rusticating
form: rusticated
form: rusticated
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin rūsticātus, perfect active participle of rūsticor (“to live in the countryside”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), originally in the same sense. First attested in the mid-17th century. By surface analysis, rustic + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: text: The college rusticated him after he failed all his exams.
text: I was very unwell, so I had to rusticate for a year.
text: Pen looked at his early acquaintance,—who had been plucked, who had been rusticated, who had only, after repeated failures, learned to read and write correctly, and who, in spite of all these drawbacks, had attained the honour of a degree.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXI, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
text: "You don't think he'll rusticate us, or any thing of that sort?" said Tom, who had felt horrible twinges at the captain's picture of the effects of rustication on ordinary mortals.
ref: 1859–1861, [Thomas Hughes], “The Captain’s Notions”, in Tom Brown at Oxford: […], part 1st, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1861, →OCLC, page 192:
qualifier: Durham University
glosses: To be suspended or expelled temporarily from the university, either compulsorily or voluntarily.
glosses: To construct so as to produce jagged or heavily textured surfaces.
glosses: To compel to live in or to send to the countryside; to cause to become rustic.
examples: text: So alarming did the state of my finances become, that I soon realized that I must either leave the metropolis and rusticate somewhere in the country, or that I must make a complete alteration in my style of living.
ref: 1887, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “A Study in Scarlet”, in Beeton’s Christmas Annual, London; New York, N.Y.: Ward, Lock & Co., part I (Being a reprint from the reminiscences of John H. Watson, M.D., […]), chapter I (Mr. Sherlock Holmes), page 2:
glosses: To go to reside in the country.
Related terms: rustication
rusticator
rustication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rustications
Etymology: From rusticate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: Residence in the country.
glosses: The act or process of rusticating.
examples: text: "You don't think he'll rusticate us, or any thing of that sort?" said Tom, who had felt horrible twinges at the captain's picture of the effects of rustication on ordinary mortals.
ref: 1859–1861, [Thomas Hughes], “The Captain’s Notions”, in Tom Brown at Oxford: […], part 1st, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1861, →OCLC, page 192:
glosses: The result of having been rusticated.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: The process of posting a person or relocating a unit from London (or a command HQ) to elsewhere in the country.
Related terms: rusticate
rusticator
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: rusticators
Etymology: From rusticate + -or.
Senses: glosses: The instigator or perpetrator of rustication.
Related terms: rusticate
heterospecific
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more heterospecific
form: most heterospecific
Etymology: From hetero- + specific.
Senses: qualifier: systematics
glosses: Of or belonging to a different species.
Derived terms: transheterospecific
heterospecific
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: heterospecifics
Etymology: From hetero- + specific.
Senses: glosses: An organism belonging to a different species to another.
chordate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɔːdeɪt/
homophone: caudate
homophone: cordate
ipa: /ˈkɔːɹdeɪt/
homophone: cordate
homophone: caudate (non-rhotic)
Forms: form: chordates
Etymology: Borrowed from translingual Chordata.
Senses: glosses: A member of the phylum Chordata; numerous animals having a notochord at some stage of their development; in vertebrates this develops into the spine.
Derived terms: achordate
nonchordate
prechordate
protochordate
chordate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɔːdeɪt/
homophone: caudate
homophone: cordate
ipa: /ˈkɔːɹdeɪt/
homophone: cordate
homophone: caudate (non-rhotic)
Etymology: Borrowed from translingual Chordata.
Senses: glosses: Of such animals.
cotton gin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cotton gins
Senses: examples: text: Historians argue about the drivers of the British Industrial Revolution of the late 17th and early 18th centuries, but all recognize the profound social changes resulting from the exploitation of coal and iron, the building of canals, the development of clever new machines such as the spinning jenny and cotton gin for the textile industry.
ref: 2012 March 22nd, David Blockley, Engineering: A Very Short Introduction (309), Oxford University Press, chapter 1: “From idea to reality”, pages 3–4
glosses: A machine used for separating cotton fibers from cotton seeds, etc.
notochord
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: notochords
Etymology: From noto- + chord.
Senses: glosses: A flexible rodlike structure that forms the main support of the body in the lowest chordates; a primitive spine.
glosses: A similar structure found in the embryos of vertebrates from which the spine develops.
Derived terms: notochordal
unlined
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -aɪnd
Etymology: From un- + lined.
Senses: examples: text: The bitter wind made me wish I hadn't opted for that unlined coat.
text: To keep constructional costs to a minimum track formations were narrower than is now customary, many tunnels were unlined, timber was largely used for bridging, and 85 lb. per yd. rails were regarded as adequate.
ref: 1941 March, “Notes and News: Modernising a Main Line”, in Railway Magazine, page 133:
antonyms: lined
glosses: Without lining; without liner.
examples: text: Even on her 70th birthday, her skin remains unlined.
text: [...] all other classes are painted in unlined green.
ref: 1941 January, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes”, in Railway Magazine, page 45:
synonyms: unmarred
unmarked
seamless
smooth
antonyms: dashed
marked
glosses: Unmarked by lines, especially of the skin.
unchained
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌnˈt͡ʃeɪnd/
rhymes: -eɪnd
Forms: form: more unchained
form: most unchained
Etymology: From un- + chained.
Senses: synonyms: unfettered#Adjective
fetterless#Adjective
unshackled#Adjective
shackleless#Adjective
liberated#Adjective
glosses: Free from chains or fetters; unencumbered.
Related terms: chainless
off the chain
unchain
unchained
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌnˈt͡ʃeɪnd/
rhymes: -eɪnd
Etymology: From un- + chained.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of unchain
partially
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑɹʃəli/
ipa: /ˈpɑːʃəli/
Etymology: From partial + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: In all 5 untreated coeliacs as well as the 3 partially treated coeliacs who were in relapse at the time of biopsy, villi were entirely absent.
ref: 1961, Association of National European and Mediterranean Societies of Gastroenterology, Proceedings VIth meeting of the "Association des Sociétés Nationales Européenes et Méditerranéennes de Gastro-Entérologie", page 624:
glosses: To a partial degree or extent, incompletely.
Synonyms: word: feckly
word: in part
word: imperfectly
word: incompletely
word: partly
word: partially
word: partwise
word: somedeal
word: somewhat
word: to an extent
word: to some extent
word: unfully
Hyponyms: word: almost
word: moderately
word: mostly
word: slightly
word: very
Derived terms: partially defatted pork fatty tissue
partially ordered
partially ordered set
Related terms: word: partly
word: degree
word: extent
workhouse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: workhouses
form: work house
Etymology: From Middle English werkhous, from Old English weorchūs (“workshop, place of manufacture”), from Proto-Germanic *werkahūsą, equivalent to work + house.
Senses: examples: text: Among other public buildings in a certain town which for many reasons it will be prudent to refrain from mentioning, and to which I will assign no fictitious name, it boasts of one which is common to most towns, great or small, to wit, a workhouse; and in this workhouse was born, […] the item of mortality whose name is prefixed to the head of this chapter.
ref: 1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], chapter I, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:
text: "I don't want to spoil any comparison you are going to make," said Jim, "but I was at Winchester and New College." / "That will do," said Mackenzie. "I was dragged up at the workhouse school till I was twelve.[…]"
ref: 1909, Archibald Marshall [pseudonym; Arthur Hammond Marshall], chapter II, in The Squire’s Daughter, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published 1919, →OCLC:
synonyms: word: bastille
word: poorhouse
glosses: An institution for homeless poor people funded by the local parish, where the able-bodied were required to work.
glosses: A prison in which the sentence includes manual labour.
examples: text: He carefully guarded his secret, but it got out, and, when he had his invention almost completed, some men broke open his workhouse and carried it away. It was afterward returned, but his plan had been copied, and from the copy many machines were made.
ref: 1895, Will H. Glascock, Stories of Columbia, page 190:
glosses: A place of manufacture; a factory.
Related terms: worker
workforce
workhome
workhouse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: workhouses
form: workhousing
form: workhoused
form: workhoused
form: work house
Etymology: From Middle English werkhous, from Old English weorchūs (“workshop, place of manufacture”), from Proto-Germanic *werkahūsą, equivalent to work + house.
Senses: glosses: To place (a person) in the workhouse (institution for the poor).
unwed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: -ɛd
Etymology: From un- (not) + wed.
Senses: glosses: Not married.
unwed
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -ɛd
Forms: form: unweds
Etymology: From un- (not) + wed.
Senses: examples: text: Should unweds living together receive the same social benefits as married couples?
text: Perhaps the most awkward situation for the inexperienced young landlady was how to deal with “unweds.”
ref: 1944, Emily Carr, “Unmarried”, in The House of All Sorts:
glosses: One who is not married; a bachelor or a spinster.
unwed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: -ɛd
Forms: form: unweds
form: unwedding
form: unwed
form: unwed
form: unwedded
form: unwedded
Etymology: From un- (to reverse) + wed.
Senses: examples: text: At last it was determined to unwed the unhappy pair, during the arrangements for which the husband was arrested and put into jail for six months for rioting.
ref: 1918, All the World, volume 39, page 304:
glosses: To annul the marriage of.
examples: text: A singer must be a fool indeed if you do not hear through Sullivan's notes the exact language of any song. Take, for example, the well-known Sentry song in Iolanthe and attempt to unwed the wit of the air from the wit of the thought and words; […]
ref: 2008, Arthur Quiller-Couch, Studies in Literature: Third Series, page 206:
glosses: To separate.
jaded
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒeɪdɪd/
rhymes: -eɪdɪd
Forms: form: more jaded
form: most jaded
Etymology: From jade (“worn-out horse”), possibly from Old Norse jalda (“mare”). Jade as a term of abuse for a woman dates from 1560.
Senses: examples: text: When she came, I could see at a glance she was tired and jaded and worried, and so, instead of letting her fret about in the hotel and get into a wearing tangle of gossip, I packed her and two knapsacks up, and started off on a long, refreshing, easy-going walk northward, until a blister on her foot stranded us at the Magenruhe Hotel on the Sneejoch.
ref: 1927 September, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Little Mother up the Möderberg”, in The Short Stories of H. G. Wells, London: Ernest Benn Limited […], →OCLC, page 641:
text: But now I am jaded / You're out of luck / I'm rolling down the stairs / Too drunk to fuck
ref: 1981, “Too Drunk to Fuck”, performed by Dead Kennedys:
synonyms: word: cloyed
word: gorged
word: glutted
word: satiated
word: sated
word: surfeited
word: adiaphroistic
word: apathetic
word: apathistical
word: blasé
word: deaf
word: cool
word: shiftless
word: dispassionate
word: dull
word: enervated
word: gallionic
word: halfhearted
word: heartless
word: impassive
word: ineffervescible
word: insouciant
word: indifferent
word: insensible
word: jaded
word: languid
word: languorous
word: Laodicean
word: lethargic
word: listless
word: lackadaisical
word: lotophagous
word: lukewarm
word: mopey
word: nonchalant
word: nonplussed
word: phlegmatic
word: pococurante
word: spiritless
word: supine
word: tepid
word: torpid
word: torpedinous
word: unaroused
word: uncaring
word: unconcerned
word: unenthusiastic
word: unimpressible
word: uninterested
word: unlively
word: unmoved
word: untouched
word: unzealous
word: world-weary
glosses: Bored or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having been overexposed to, or having consumed too much of something.
synonyms: word: exhausted
word: fatigued
word: wearied
word: bleareyed
word: bleary
word: bleary-eyed
word: bone-tired
word: bushed
word: tired out
word: spent
word: drained
word: dog-tired
word: dog-weary
word: exhausted
word: fatigued
word: forfairn
word: forlagen
word: forworn
word: heavyeyed
word: jaded
word: languid
word: enervated
word: out of gas
word: played out
word: run-down
word: shattered
word: shot
word: sleepy
word: stuffed
word: tired
word: washed out
word: weariful
word: weary
word: whacked
word: whipped
word: worn
word: worn out
word: banjaxed
word: beat
word: buggered
word: busted
word: dead tired
word: cream crackered
word: done
word: done in
word: done up
word: fagged out
word: fried
word: fucked
word: gassed
word: jiggered
word: Kerry Packered
word: knacked
word: knackered
word: nadgered
word: pooped
word: pooped out
word: pumped
word: shagged
word: shagged out
word: tuckered
word: tuckered out
word: wappened
word: zonked
glosses: Worn out, wearied, exhausted or lacking enthusiasm, due to age or experience.
synonyms: blasé
world-weary
glosses: Made callous or cynically insensitive, by experience.
Derived terms: jadedly
jadedness
nonjaded
overjaded
unjaded
jaded
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒeɪdɪd/
rhymes: -eɪdɪd
Etymology: From jade (“worn-out horse”), possibly from Old Norse jalda (“mare”). Jade as a term of abuse for a woman dates from 1560.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of jade
hoochie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hoochies
Etymology: Uncertain. Attested from the 20th century, originally in African-American English. Likely from hootchy-kootchy, an erotic dance of unknown origin.
Senses: examples: text: Appearance-wise, the “low-budget” chickenhead and the “straight-up hoochie” chickenhead go from one extreme to the other. The hoochie “tries too much” and the “low-budget” female doesn’t “try hard enough.”
ref: 2000, Tariq Nasheed, The Art of Mackin’, page 47:
glosses: A woman who dresses scantily or in a revealing fashion.
examples: text: “Here she go lookin’ like a straight up dirty coochie having hoochie gettin’ all the play,” Quanisha mumbled under her breath jealously.
ref: 2006, J. Gail, Karma’s a Bitch, page 136:
glosses: A promiscuous woman.
examples: text: To all my Hoochies, you know who you are, love ya’ll!
ref: 1996, Liber Actorum, Boston Latin School, page 16:
qualifier: black
glosses: Playful or affectionate term of address for a woman
examples: text: He said I nearly did the hoochie on that bench. He placed my hand on his lap and laid it on something hard, I asked him what it was and he said to find out, and I did and it was his thing; it was round and warm and throbbing
ref: 1928, Cleopatra’s Scrapbook, page VIII:
glosses: Sexual interaction, sexual intercourse.
examples: text: “Just think of it as another Ob visit,” Katie countered.
“Yeah, one that involves electric shock treatment in my hoochie!” I retorted.
ref: 2010, Alison Ryan, Paris with Kids, page 29:
text: This Braeve rust sweater (available here) is so perfect for me; I love that it’s long so you can totally wear it with leggings and not have to worry about your hoochie showing.
ref: 2017 January 17, Brittany Nicole, “The Perfect Rust Sweater”, in The B-List Blog:
glosses: The vulva or genital area.
Synonyms: sense: woman who dresses scantily, promiscuous woman
word: hoochie mama
Related terms: hoochie-coochie
hoochie
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: hoochies
Etymology: See hutchie.
Senses: examples: text: This TP should be delivered as the hoochie shelter is constructed. Demonstrate and explain each step.
ref: 2019, Royal Canadian Army Cadets, Red Star Instructional Guide, page 60:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Alternative form of hutchie (“type of shelter”).
implicit
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈɪmplɨsɪʈ/
rhymes: -ɪsɪt
Etymology: From Middle French implicite, from Latin implicitus, past participle of implico (“I infold, involve, entangle”); see implicate.
Senses: examples: text: Poets often leave behind an implicit message within their words.
text: The Bible and its teachings helped form the basis for the Founding Fathers' abiding belief in the inalienable rights of the individual, rights which they found implicit in the Bible's teachings of the inherent worth and dignity of each individual.
ref: 1983, Ronald Reagan, Proclamation 5018:
glosses: Suggested indirectly, without being directly expressed.
glosses: Contained in the essential nature of something but not openly shown.
examples: text: He is not only a zealous advocate for pusilanimous and passive obedience, but for the most implicit faith in the dictatorial mandates of power.
ref: 1765, anonymous author, Considerations on Behalf of the Colonists:
glosses: Having no reservations or doubts; unquestioning or unconditional; usually said of faith or trust.
examples: text: In his deep fleece […] I cling implicit.
ref: 1725, Homer, “Book IX”, in [William Broome], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume II, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:
glosses: entangled, twisted together.
Synonyms: sense: implied indirectly
word: implied
sense: implied indirectly
word: tacit
sense: implied indirectly
word: unspoken
sense: contained in the essential nature
word: inherent
sense: contained in the essential nature
word: intrinsic
sense: having no reservations
word: unconditional
sense: having no reservations
word: unquestioning
Derived terms: implicit cognition
implicit function
implicitization
implicitly
implicitness
implicity
unimplicit
Related terms: implicate
implication
implicative
imply
synonyme
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: synonymes
Senses: examples: text: The constancy of the alkaloids is the factor that has made alkalometry the synonyme of exact medication in veterinary science.
ref: 1910, Scientific Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association, volume 46, page 306:
text: In reading, the novice should note the varied mode of expression practiced by good authors, and should keep in his mind for future use the many appropriate synonymes he encounters.
ref: 1920, H P Lovecraft, H.P. Lovecraft's Writings in the United Amateur (1915-1922), page 120:
glosses: Archaic form of synonym.
joinery
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: joineries
Etymology: From joiner + -y; see also -ery.
Senses: glosses: A factory producing wooden products such as tables, doors, and cabinets.
examples: text: The timbering and centring used for the construction of the main arch were exceptionally massive, and were acclaimed as masterpieces of joinery in contemporary reports on the progress of the work.
ref: 1949 May and June, “Notes and News: Construction of the Viaduct”, in Railway Magazine, page 202:
glosses: The work of the joiner.
Related terms: joiner
joint-stool
working majority
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: working majorities
Senses: topics: government
politics
glosses: A majority big enough for the party or faction in power to carry through most of its legislative programme without the risk of parliamentary defeat.
joiner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnɚ/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnə/
rhymes: -ɔɪnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: joiners
Etymology: From Middle English joynour (“maker of furniture, small boxes, etc.”), from Old French joigneor (“joiner, carpenter”), agent noun from joindre (“to join”), equivalent to join + -er.
Senses: glosses: A maker of wooden furniture or fittings.
glosses: A woodworking machine used to prepare edges of wooden elements to join to other wood pieces.
Hypernyms: sense: maker of wooden furniture or fittings
word: carpenter
Derived terms: biscuit joiner
joiner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnɚ/
ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnə/
rhymes: -ɔɪnə(ɹ)
Forms: form: joiners
Etymology: From join + -er.
Senses: examples: text: The zero-width joiner (ZWJ) has a code point but no corresponding symbol. It is used to connect two or more other Unicode code points to create a new "compound character" with a unique glyph all its own. […] I'm making a point of mentioning Ninja Cat because it is another example of the use of zero-width joiners.
ref: 2016 November 14, Rob Reed, “Everything You Need To Know About Emoji”, in Smashing Magazine, archived from the original on 12 Feb 2025:
glosses: A thing that joins two separate items, e.g. software to connect video or music clips.
examples: text: I am not a joiner. I am reluctant to sign up as a member of any organization, because I generally can't find myself or my ideas in it.
ref: 2004, Eugene Goodheart, Confessions of a Secular Jew: A Memoir:
glosses: A person who joins societies or organizations.
glosses: Synonym of hensopper.
synonyms: word: hensopper
Derived terms: nonjoiner
zero-width joiner
zero-width non-joiner
working mass
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: working masses
Senses: topics: aerospace
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The total mass of the burnt fuel etc. ejected from a rocket to provide thrust.
working girl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: working girls
Etymology: From working + girl. First use appears c. 1620, in the publications of Thomas Shelton.
Senses: examples: text: It was still September / When your daddy was quite surprised / To find you with the working girls / In the county jail
ref: 1973, Donald Fagen, Walter Becker, “My Old School”, in Countdown to Ecstasy, performed by Steely Dan:
glosses: A female prostitute.
glosses: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see working, girl.
working title
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: working titles
Senses: synonyms: production title
tentative title
glosses: The temporary name of a product or project (such as a film or video game), when under development; often changed when released.
workings
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of working.