cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
climate change
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklaɪmət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/
Forms: form: climate changes
Senses: glosses: Natural large-scale and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system, as brought about by ice ages.
examples: text: Nevertheless, it is clear that the global energy demand for air-conditioning will grow substantially as nations become more affluent, with the consequences of climate change potentially accelerating the demand.
ref: 2013 September-October, Michael Sivak, “Will AC Put a Chill on the Global Energy Supply?”, in American Scientist:
text: “Climate change is a global problem with grave implications: environmental, social, economic, political and for the distribution of goods,” he writes. “It represents one of the principal challenges facing humanity in our day.”
ref: 2015 June 18, Jim Yardley, Laurie Goodstein, quoting Pope Francis, “Pope Francis, in Sweeping Encyclical, Calls for Swift Action on Climate Change”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
text: It’s time for our generation-defining public works. How about stopping climate change before we destroy the planet and getting millions of people involved manufacturing and installing solar panels?
ref: 2017 May 25, Mark Zuckerberg, “Mark Zuckerberg’s Commencement address at Harvard”, in The Harvard Gazette:
text: If you are serious about climate change a rolling programme of electrification is the only rational policy.
ref: 2019 October, Roger Ford, “WCP award - victory for DfT reactionaries”, in Modern Railways, page 31:
text: Both the UK and Europe have experienced record summer temperatures in the past couple of years, which have brought home the fact that climate change is happening.
ref: 2023 December 27, Richard Foster, “Building a greener future”, in RAIL, number 999, page 34:
text: In short, mainstream parties no longer offer an element that every successful political project requires: a promise of a better world. But nativists still offer it. They solve the problem of climate change by pretending it doesn't exist.
ref: 2025 October 11, Simon Kuper, “A utopian future is still, just about, possible”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 20:
glosses: Rapid, large-scale, and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming; anthropogenic climate change.
Derived terms: climate despair
climate grief
salvaging
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: present participle and gerund of salvage
salvaging
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: salvagings
Senses: examples: text: But the continuity of this identity exists in, and only in, its perpetual salvagings and reconstructions in the face of repeated disruptions and discontinuities.
ref: 2000, Derek Sayer, The Coasts of Bohemia: A Czech History, page 16:
glosses: The act by which something is salvaged.
subjacent
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /sʌbˈdʒeɪsənt/
Forms: form: more subjacent
form: most subjacent
Etymology: From Latin subiaceō (“lie beneath”).
Senses: examples: text: In some places, however, quartz reefs, payably auriferous while in Silurian rock, have been followed down to subjacent granite, and have there been found to thin out and become unprofitable […]
ref: 1887, R. A. Murray, Victoria. Geology and Physical Geography, page 126:
text: Since the times of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, however, there had always been a subjacent stream of travel literature which had queried the civilizing function of Western penetration of such societies.
ref: 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 194–5:
text: [in relation to the second floor flat in a tenement building] the subjacent first floor and ground floor flats were ... owned by the first defenders.
ref: 2002, Scottish Court of Session, Anderson v. Express Investment Company Ltd.:
glosses: Lying beneath or at a lower level; underlying.
Derived terms: subjacency
subjacently
Related terms: superjacent
shoat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃəʊt/
rhymes: -əʊt
Forms: form: shoats
form: shote
Etymology: From Middle English schote, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a special use of Middle English schote (“projectile, young shoot”), or perhaps of Middle Low German origin, cognate with West Flemish schote (“young piglet”).
Senses: examples: text: Why, was not one animal of every kind – a calf, and a lamb, and a filly, and a shote – upon the place marked with little Moses's own brand?
ref: 1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 68:
text: There would have been nature studies – a tiger pursuing a bird of paradise, a choking snake sheathing whole the flayed trunk of a shoat.
ref: 1955, Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita:
glosses: A young, newly-weaned pig.
Synonyms: piglet
shoat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃəʊt/
rhymes: -əʊt
Forms: form: shoats
Etymology: Blend of sheep + goat.
Senses: synonyms: geep
glosses: A sheep–goat hybrid (whether artificially produced or the result of animals from these species naturally intermating).
as luck would have it
Language: English
Part of speech: prep_phrase
Senses: examples: text: I didn't plan to stop there, but as (ill/good) luck would have it, they were open when I went by.
text: I said, “I’ll send the first sane soul I meet to keep you company.” As luck would have it, I never met one, — only kids, and a baker, who wouldn’t leave his cart, or take it with him either.
ref: 1897, Richard Marsh, The Beetle:
synonyms: as luck may have it
glosses: By good fortune; fortunately or luckily.
indebted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈdɛtɪd/
Forms: form: endebted
form: addebted
raw_tags: with substitution of ad-
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of indebt
indebted
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈdɛtɪd/
Forms: form: more indebted
form: most indebted
form: endebted
form: addebted
raw_tags: with substitution of ad-
Senses: examples: text: One of China’s poorest and most indebted provinces has admitted defeat in trying to sort out its finances and is appealing to Beijing for help to avert default.
ref: 2023 April 27, Laura He, “China may have to bail out one of its poorest provinces”, in CNN Business:
glosses: Obligated, especially financially.
examples: text: We are indebted to an officer serving with the B.L.A. for sending us a copy of a fine coloured lithographed poster, reproduced above, which he found in the German Control Headquarters of the Belgian Railways in Brussels.
ref: 1945 November and December, Railway Magazine, page 353, image caption:
text: And Ferguson was largely indebted to young keeper David de Gea, who has had his critics this season but made crucial saves to keep United in contention as they came under concerted pressure in the closing stages.
ref: 2011 October 15, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 1 - 1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:
text: [Chappell] Roan draws from the mega-pop of the 2010s, from Lady Gaga to Taylor Swift – then laces it with sexually frank asides and lavish doses of camp, and performs it with a maximalist, absurd aesthetic indebted to drag, John Waters and Freddie Mercury.
ref: 2024 August 9, Laura Snapes, “It’s a femininomenon! How Chappell Roan slow-burned her way to stardom”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Owing gratitude for a service or favour.
raw_tags: with to
Synonyms: beholden
obliged
Derived terms: indebtedly
indebtedness
overindebted
unindebted
parousia
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From Ancient Greek παρουσία (parousía, “presence”).
Senses: examples: text: Only one wearing the masculine uniform can (provisionally, and till the Parousia) represent the Lord to the Church: for we are all, corporately and individually, feminine to Him.
ref: 1948, CS Lewis, Notes on the Way:
glosses: The second coming of Christ.
Related terms: parusia
indite
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈdaɪt/
homophone: indict
rhymes: -aɪt
ipa: /ˈɪndaɪt/
ipa: /ɪnˈdaɪt/
homophone: indict
rhymes: -aɪt
Etymology: From indium + -ite.
Senses: topics: chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: An extremely rare indium-iron sulfide mineral.
β-particle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: β-particles
Senses: glosses: beta particle
masticatory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmasˈtɪk.eɪ.tər.i/
ipa: /mæˈstɪk.əˌtɔr.i/
Forms: form: masticatories
Etymology: From Latin mastico + -atory, the former borrowed from Ancient Greek μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “I gnash the teeth”), from μάσταξ (mástax, “that with which one chews”).
Senses: examples: text: Sneezing, masticatories, and nasals are generally received.
ref: 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection iv:
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Something chewed, originally as a medicine, now typically for pleasure or to increase the flow of saliva.
masticatory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌmasˈtɪk.eɪ.tər.i/
ipa: /mæˈstɪk.əˌtɔr.i/
Etymology: From Latin mastico + -atory, the former borrowed from Ancient Greek μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “I gnash the teeth”), from μάσταξ (mástax, “that with which one chews”).
Senses: glosses: Of, or relating to mastication.
glosses: Used for chewing.
Derived terms: extramasticatory
masticatory force
oculomasticatory
paramasticatory
baby snatching
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: baby snatchings
Senses: glosses: The kidnapping of a baby.
Related terms: baby snatcher
fuckedness
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From fucked + -ness.
Senses: examples: text: Having whole hours to contemplate her degree of fuckedness was a luxury.
ref: 2021, Arkady Martine, A Desolation Called Peace, Tor, page 46:
glosses: The degree to which something is fucked or fucked up.
Synonyms: fuckedupedness
fuckedupness
Related terms: fuckery
discombobulated
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of discombobulate
discombobulated
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more discombobulated
form: most discombobulated
Senses: examples: text: After months of preparation for a new sign ordinance, the Planning Commission appeared discombobulated over the idea of adopting the new regulations when confronted by a few members of the public.
glosses: Confused, embarrassed, upset.
glosses: Broken, mixed up.
Derived terms: discombobulatedly
deletionist
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more deletionist
form: most deletionist
Etymology: From deletion + -ist.
Senses: topics: classical-studies
history
human-sciences
sciences
glosses: Favoring the deletion of a given passage or work as spurious.
examples: text: In the deletionists’ corner sits the strong sense that the more topics of debatable value are included (they cite such entries as side characters from the Pokémon cartoon or the Heroes TV series as examples), the more dependents will see Wikipedia as a source of fun rather than knowledge. They are worried that the brand is at risk of losing its value. In a deletionist world, Wikipedia would exert more control over what it publishes. […]
ref: 2009, Emmanuel Gobillot, Leadershift: Reinventing Leadership for the Age of Mass Collaboration, Kogan Page, published 2011, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 89:
antonyms: inclusionist
taxonomic: Wikimedia jargon
glosses: Preferring to delete material.
deletionist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deletionists
Etymology: From deletion + -ist.
Senses: examples: text: The two groups had been vying for control from early on in the site's life, but the numbers suggest that the deletionists may have won. The increasing difficulty of making a successful edit; the exclusion of casual users; slower growth – all are hallmarks of the deletionist approach.
ref: 2009 August 12, Bobbie Johnson, “Wikipedia approaches its limits”, in The Guardian:
taxonomic: Wikimedia jargon
glosses: A user with deletionist sentiments.
Coordinate terms: inclusionist
exclusionist
mergist
Related terms: deletionism
ethic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛθ.ɪk/
Forms: form: more ethic
form: most ethic
form: ethick
Etymology: From Middle English etik, from Late Latin ēthicus, from Ancient Greek ἠθῐκός (ēthĭkós).
Senses: glosses: Moral, relating to morals.
Related terms: ethic dative
ethic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛθ.ɪk/
Forms: form: ethics
form: ethick
Etymology: From Middle English etik, ethik, from Old French ethique, from Late Latin ēthica, from Ancient Greek ἠθική (ēthikḗ), from ἠθικός (ēthikós, “of or for morals, moral, expressing character”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, moral nature”).
Senses: examples: text: The Protestant work ethic.
text: I think the golden rule is a great ethic.
glosses: A set of principles of right and wrong behaviour guiding, or representative of, a specific culture, society, group, or individual.
glosses: The morality of an action.
Derived terms: bioethic
consistent life ethic
ethician
ethicism
ethicistic
ethicize
ethicless
ethic of reciprocity
ethicology
ethicomoral
ethicophysical
ethicopolitical
evolutionary ethic
metaethic
Protestant ethic
work ethic
Related terms: ethical
ethics
ethos
rondure
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɒndjʊə/
ipa: /ˈɹɑnˌd(j)ʊɹ/
Forms: form: rondures
Etymology: Borrowed from French rondeur (“roundness; round object”), from rond (“round”) + -eur (suffix forming agent nouns from verbs).
Senses: examples: text: […]all things rare
That heaven's air in this huge rondure hems.
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 21”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
text: O vast Rondure, swimming in space, / Cover'd all over with visible power and beauty, / Alternate light and day and the teeming spiritual darkness, [...]
ref: 1870, Walt Whitman, “Passage to India”, in Leaves of Grass […], Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher, […], published 1892, →OCLC, stanza 5, page 318:
glosses: A graceful curvature or round object; a ring; a sphere.
glosses: The quality of being round; roundness.
hustle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌsəl/
rhymes: -ʌsəl
Forms: form: hustles
Etymology: From Dutch husselen or by metathesis from Dutch hutselen (“to shake up”), a frequentative of hutsen (“to stir, to move something (back and forth)”).
Senses: glosses: A state of busy activity.
examples: text: 'It's just natural for the folks here to be indolent,' she said. 'They just haven't got any hustle in them.'
ref: 1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 3, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 26:
glosses: A propensity to work hard and get things done; ability to hustle.
qualifier: preceded by a definite article
glosses: A type of disco dance, commonly danced to the Van McCoy song The Hustle (1975).
glosses: A scam or swindle.
glosses: An activity, such as prostitution or reselling stolen items, that a prisoner uses to earn money in prison.
examples: text: Little Joe never once gave it away / Everybody had to pay and pay / A hustle here and a hustle there / New York City's the place
ref: 1972, Lou Reed, “Walk on the Wild Side”:
glosses: An act of prostitution.
examples: text: Everybody's got a hustle.
glosses: An activity, especially to achieve a desired goal or make money.
Derived terms: ear hustle
hustle alarm
hustle and bustle
hustle-bustle
hustle kingdom
hustler
hustly
on the hustle
side hustle
antiskid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: antiskidding
Etymology: From anti- + skid.
Senses: glosses: Designed to increase friction, and thereby reduce the possibility of skid. (of a surface)
glosses: Designed to maintain traction on a slippery surface. (of a brake system)
antiskid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: antiskidding
Etymology: From anti- + skid.
Senses: examples: text: To help keep from using up the limited pressure stored by the brake accumulator, antiskid is not available with both engines out.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Antiskid braking.
apple turnover
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: apple turnovers
Senses: glosses: A pastry dessert filled with pieces of sweetened apples, with the pastry folded over to enclose the filling.
backdate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /bækˈdeɪt/
ipa: /ˈbæk.deɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: backdates
form: backdating
form: backdated
form: backdated
form: back-date
form: back date
Etymology: From back + date.
Senses: synonyms: antedate
glosses: To give or assign a date to a document that is earlier than the current or true date.
Synonyms: word: antedate
word: backdate
word: foredate
word: predate
Hypernyms: word: misdate
Derived terms: backdater
backdate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /bækˈdeɪt/
ipa: /ˈbæk.deɪt/
rhymes: -eɪt
Forms: form: backdates
form: back-date
form: back date
Etymology: From back + date.
Senses: examples: text: The backdates on the clearance forms made the little man's papers worthless […]
ref: 2000, Jack Stewart, Hurricane, page 50:
glosses: An assigned date that is earlier than the current or true date.
call back
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: call backs
form: calls back
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of callback.
call back
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: calls back
form: calling back
form: called back
form: called back
Senses: synonyms: withcall
glosses: To request someone's return; to bring back or restore; to recall.
glosses: To telephone someone again at a more convenient time.
glosses: To return to a shop or residence one has previously visited.
bistar
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: bistars
Etymology: From bi- + star.
Senses: glosses: binary star
cohabitation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /koʊhæbɪˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: cohabitations
Etymology: From Middle English cohabitacioun, from Old French cohabitacion and Late Latin cohabitātiō. By surface analysis, co- + habitation.
Senses: examples: text: According to Greene, sodomy, gross indecency, adultery, cohabitation and repeated convictions for indecent exposure are all considered sex offenses in Michigan.
ref: 1981 August 8, Nancy Wechsler, “Michigan May Register 'Sex Offenders'”, in Gay Community News, page 3:
glosses: An emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.
glosses: The act of living together.
glosses: A place where two or more individuals reside together.
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: The act of two species living together in the same habitat.
examples: text: Commentators agreed that Mr Chirac's unusually aggressive remarks, followed by the equally fierce response of Mr Jospin's government, signalled the beginning of the end for the tense but so far civil "cohabitation" under which the two men have ruled France since 1997.
ref: 2001 July 18, Jon Henly, “French cohabitation hits rocky road”, in The Guardian:
text: She said: “I am respectful of institutions; I am not calling for institutional chaos. There will simply be a cohabitation.”
ref: 2024 June 16, Jennifer Rankin, quoting Marine Le Pen, “Macron calling snap elections could leave France in chaos, Sarkozy warns”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
topics: government
politics
glosses: Cooperation between politicians of opposing political parties; especially, in France, between a President and Prime Minister.
Coordinate terms: sense: intimate relationship
word: marriage
sense: intimate relationship
word: civil union
Derived terms: cohabitate
cohabitational
compartmentalisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: compartmentalisations
Etymology: From compartmentalise + -ation.
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of compartmentalization.
clinical
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: klĭn'ĭkəl
rhymes: -ɪnɪkəl
note: Received Pronunciation, Indic
ipa: /ˈklɪnɪkəl/
enpr: klē'nĭkəl
note: Indic
ipa: /kli.nɪk.əl/
Forms: form: clinicals
Etymology: From clinic + -al.
Senses: topics: education
glosses: A medical student's session spent in a real-world nursing environment.
clumsily
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more clumsily
form: most clumsily
Etymology: From clumsy + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: But, bowing with sketchily joined hands, they smiled their way clumsily out, down to the darkness.
ref: 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 514:
glosses: In a clumsy manner or way; without care or finesse, often hurriedly or awkwardly.
Synonyms: carelessly
sloppily
contourné
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: contourny
Etymology: From French contourné, from Latin con- (“altogether, completely”) and tornāre (“to make round”).
Senses: topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
qualifier: etc
glosses: Facing sinister instead of dexter.
raw_tags: of beasts
contextualization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: contextualizations
form: contextualisation
Etymology: From contextual + -ization.
Senses: glosses: The act or process of putting information into context; making sense of information from the situation or location in which the information was found.
Derived terms: overcontextualization
recontextualization
undercontextualization
contextualisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: contextualisations
Senses: glosses: Alternative form of contextualization.
constitutional amendment
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: constitutional amendments
Senses: glosses: A law or change to an existing law that is added to a governing document.
Related terms: amendment
constitution
Pauline conversion
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Pauline conversions
head_nr: 2
Senses: head_nr: 2
glosses: the conversion of Paul the Apostle to Christianity on the road to Damascus
head_nr: 2
glosses: any life-changing event in which one's views are significantly altered
Related terms: Damascene conversion
overcooked
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʊkt
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overcook
overcooked
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʊkt
Forms: form: more overcooked
form: most overcooked
Etymology: From over- + cooked.
Senses: examples: text: This meat is overcooked, almost burnt.
text: If you boil it for hours, it becomes rubbery and overcooked.
ref: 2020 September 6, Randall Munroe, “Can You Boil an Egg Too Long?”, in The New York Times:
glosses: Made unpalatable or inedible by cooking for too long.
examples: text: His Elvis impersonation was embarrassingly overcooked.
synonyms: tryhard
glosses: Done to excess.
Synonyms: overdone
Derived terms: overcookedness
overemphasis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: overemphases
Etymology: From over- + emphasis.
Senses: glosses: Excessive emphasis.
overstuffed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈəʊvəstʌft/
ipa: /ˈoʊvɚstʌft/
Etymology: ]
From over- + stuffed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of overstuff.
octoploid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: octaploid
Etymology: From octo- + -ploid.
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: having eight complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell
octoploid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: octoploids
form: octaploid
Etymology: From octo- + -ploid.
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: a cell that has eight complete sets of chromosomes
topics: biology
natural-sciences
glosses: an organism whose cells have eight complete sets of chromosomes
Derived terms: allooctoploid
octoploidization
octoploidy
confectioner's cream
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: confectioner's creams
Senses: synonyms: pastry cream
glosses: Cream used by confectioners to make pies, etc.
musculature
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: musculatures
Etymology: Borrowed from French musculature.
Senses: glosses: The collection of all muscles in a single body or in a single organ.
glosses: The structural configuration of muscle in a body or organ.
Derived terms: exomusculature
neuromusculature
seromusculature
skeletomusculature
bavarois
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌbævə(ɹ)ˈwɑː/
ipa: /ˌbɑvɚˈwɑ/
Forms: form: bavaroises
Etymology: Borrowed from French bavarois.
Senses: glosses: A pudding similar to pastry cream but thickened with gelatin or isinglass instead of flour or cornstarch, and flavoured with liqueur.
Synonyms: Bavarian cream
wood grouse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: wood grouses
form: wood grouse
Senses: topics: biology
natural-sciences
ornithology
glosses: The capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus.
Synonyms: heather cock
western capercaillie
musclebound
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌsəlˌbaʊnd/
Forms: form: more musclebound
form: most musclebound
form: muscle-bound
Etymology: From muscle + bound.
Senses: examples: text: Work til you're musclebound all night long / Gotta work til you're musclebound all night long
ref: 1981, “Musclebound”, in Journeys to Glory, performed by Spandau Ballet:
glosses: Having pronounced muscle development through weightlifting, bodybuilding, or other physical exercise.
glosses: Having excessive muscle (sometimes with implications of correspondingly inferior intellect).
glosses: Ungainly as a result of muscle over-development.
Related terms: musclesome
palæontologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: palæontologists
Etymology: From palæontology + -ist.
Senses: glosses: Dated spelling of palaeontologist.
palaeontologist
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: palaeontologists
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of paleontologist.
polyploid
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑliˌplɔɪd/
ipa: /ˈpɑləˌplɔɪd/
ipa: /ˈpɒlɪˌplɔɪd/
Etymology: From poly- + -ploid.
Senses: topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Having more than the usual number of complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.
Derived terms: allopolyploid
autopolyploid
cryptopolyploid
depolyploidizing
endopolyploid
eupolyploid
hypopolyploid
mesopolyploid
neopolyploid
palaeopolyploid
paleopolyploid
polyploidization
polyploidize
polyploidogenic
polyploidy
tetrapolyploid
polyploid
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑliˌplɔɪd/
ipa: /ˈpɑləˌplɔɪd/
ipa: /ˈpɒlɪˌplɔɪd/
Forms: form: polyploids
Etymology: From poly- + -ploid.
Senses: glosses: A polyploid cell.
glosses: A polyploid organism.
Related terms: octoploid
tetraploid
polyploidy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɒlɪplɔɪdi/
Forms: form: polyploidies
Etymology: From polyploid + -y, after German Polyploidie.
Senses: examples: text: As they mature, the DNA is replicated several times but the cell does not divide, a condition known as polyploidy which allows cells to increase in size.
ref: 2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 90:
text: This propensity to polyploidy helps account for the diversity (and thus success) of flowering plants, in particular. It is also known that flowering plants sailed majestically through the life-destroying asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous period, which did for the dinosaurs and many other animals.
ref: 2014 June 28, “Double or quits”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8893:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The condition of being polyploid or the process of becoming polyploid.
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: An instance of being polyploid.
Derived terms: allopolyploidy
autopolyploidy
cryptopolyploidy
endopolyploidy
eupolyploidy
hexapolyploidy
neopolyploidy
paleopolyploidy
Related terms: ploidy
ripped
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪpt/
rhymes: -ɪpt
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of rip
ripped
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪpt/
rhymes: -ɪpt
Forms: form: more ripped
form: most ripped
Senses: glosses: Torn, either partly or into separate pieces.
glosses: Pulled away from forcefully.
glosses: In data storage, transferred to a hard disk from another portable media form.
examples: text: Stream ripping had a major impact on the global recorded music industry in 2016. This fast growing piracy delivery method witnessed a 60% year-on-year growth globally.
ref: 2016 December 20, “Ripping is back: 2017’s biggest music piracy threat”, in www.muso.com, archived from the original on 03 May 2017:
glosses: Copied or stolen usually from an identified source.
examples: text: Near-synonyms: jacked, shredded
text: With the average male competitor weighing around 220, the total poundage of raw, ripped mass in the preliminary lineup is over 3,700 pounds.
ref: 1988, Steve Holman, “Christian Conquers Columbus”, in Ironman, 47 (6): 28-34:
text: That's the premise of the overload principle, and it must be applied, even to ab training, if you're going to develop a cut, ripped midsection.
ref: 2010, Bill Geiger, “6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks”, in Reps!, 17:106:
topics: bodybuilding
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: Having extremely low bodyfat content so that the shape of the underlying muscles become pronounced. Said especially of well-defined abdominal muscles or of men who have them.
examples: 1970-1975, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
So I commenced to drink the whole bottle for the 2nd time in my life & got really really ripped. I only remember bits of the nite.
glosses: Drunk, inebriated.
Synonyms: sense: torn
word: torn
sense: having low bodyfat
word: chiseled
sense: having low bodyfat
word: cut
sense: having low bodyfat
word: shredded
sense: drunk
word: drunk
make a muscle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: makes a muscle
form: making a muscle
form: made a muscle
form: made a muscle
Senses: glosses: To flex the biceps muscles in the upper arm as a show of muscular strength or development
ripple
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɪpəl
Forms: form: ripples
Etymology: From an alteration of rimple.
Senses: examples: text: I dropped a small stone into the pond and watched the ripples spread.
text: The ebbing tide had left ripples in the sand.
text: Ripples in the water betray the presence of the fish waiting for a chance to pounce on the insects skirting over the water.
ref: 2009, Helen Oon, “New Territories”, in Hong Kong (Globetrotters Travel Guide), New Holland Publishers, →ISBN, page 80:
glosses: A moving disturbance, or undulation, in the surface of a fluid.
glosses: A sound similar to that of undulating water.
examples: text: I enjoy fudge ripple ice cream, but I especially like to dig through the carton to get at the ripple part and eat only that.
glosses: A style of ice cream in which flavors have been coarsely blended together.
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: A small oscillation of an otherwise steady signal.
Derived terms: raspberry ripple
ripple carry
ripple effect
ripple mark
ripple strip
ripple voltage
ripple
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɪpəl
Forms: form: ripples
form: rippling
form: rippled
form: rippled
Etymology: From an alteration of rimple.
Senses: examples: text: Investments in research, deployment and scaling existing technologies are the initial ripples that will have to build to a groundswell of further action.
ref: 2025 September 11, Kate Marvel, “‘We’ve done it before’: how not to lose hope in the fight against ecological disaster”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: ruffle
glosses: To move like the undulating surface of a body of water; to undulate.
examples: text: These problems were complicated by a foreign exchange crunch which rippled through the economy in 1961-1962, […]
ref: 2008, Bradley Simpson, Economists with Guns, page 65:
glosses: To propagate like a moving wave.
glosses: To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore.
glosses: To shape into a series of ripples.
examples: text: Hearns' 'Mech rippled fifteen missiles. Austen watched the missiles go in. They smashed into a copse of trees, smashing the trunks aside.
ref: 2019, Jason M. Hardy, Phaedra M. Weldon, Herbert A. Beas II, BattleTech: Weapons Free: BattleCorps Anthology, Volume 3:
glosses: To launch or unleash in rapid succession.
ripple
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɪpəl
Forms: form: ripples
form: rippling
form: rippled
form: rippled
Etymology: From Middle English *ripelen, repulen, equivalent to rip + -le (frequentative suffix).
Senses: examples: text: An horsemans javelin[…]having slightly rippled the skinne of his left arme, pierced within his short ribs.
ref: 1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, translated by Philemon Holland, The Roman Historie, […], London: […] Adam Jslip, →OCLC:
glosses: To scratch, tear, or break slightly; graze
ripple
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɪpəl
Forms: form: ripples
form: reeple
form: riple
Etymology: Compare German Low German Repel, Dutch repel, German Riffel, extended forms (with instrumental or diminutive -le) of Low German Repe (“ripple”), Dutch repe (“ripple”). Compare also Dutch repen, German reffen, Swedish repa (“to beat; ripple”).
The verb is from Middle English ripplen, rypelen. Compare Low German repelen, Dutch repelen, German riffeln.
Senses: topics: business
manufacturing
textiles
glosses: An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc.
Related terms: hackle
brake
scutch
swingle
ripple
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/
rhymes: -ɪpəl
Forms: form: ripples
form: rippling
form: rippled
form: rippled
form: reeple
form: riple
Etymology: Compare German Low German Repel, Dutch repel, German Riffel, extended forms (with instrumental or diminutive -le) of Low German Repe (“ripple”), Dutch repe (“ripple”). Compare also Dutch repen, German reffen, Swedish repa (“to beat; ripple”).
The verb is from Middle English ripplen, rypelen. Compare Low German repelen, Dutch repelen, German riffeln.
Senses: glosses: To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a ripple.
triangulate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹaɪˈæŋɡjəleɪt/
Forms: form: triangulates
form: triangulating
form: triangulated
form: triangulated
Senses: examples: text: "I'll give you a check now," I said abruptly, and saw Selina's green eyes triangulate angrily on my face.
ref: 1966, Bob Shaw, Light of Other Days:
glosses: To locate by means of triangulation.
examples: text: Cruz, meanwhile, could wind up in the hot seat as he tries to triangulate between his disagreement with Trump’s position and his clear unwillingness to openly attack.
ref: 2015 December 14, Alexis Levinson, “Four Storylines to Watch at the Las Vegas GOP Debate”, in National Review:
text: By attempting to triangulate, Labour convinced leavers it was for remain and remainers that it was for leave. The party looked cynical and opportunistic, […]
ref: 2019 December 16, Tom Kibasi, “How Labour went from near-breakthrough in 2017 to disaster in 2019”, in The Guardian:
text: Triangulating after a midterm loss is a tried-and-true tactic for improving an administration’s position, yet it’s a tactic that the Biden Democrats largely eschewed: There was no Clintonian push for a sweeping legislative deal on deficit reduction, no serious outreach on social issues, no reconsideration of the aggressive efforts to regulate gas-powered cars or forgive student loans, and only a too-little-too-late effort to restore order to the southern border.
ref: 2024 November 8, Ross Douthat, “How Democrats Helped Trump”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:
topics: government
politics
glosses: To pit two others against each other in order to achieve a desired outcome or to gain an advantage; to "play both sides against the middle".
topics: computer-graphics
computing
engineering
geometry
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To divide into triangles.
triangulate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /tɹaɪˈæŋɡjəleɪt/
Senses: glosses: triangular
Derived terms: triangulately
Tudor
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtjuːdə/
ipa: /ˈtuːdəɹ/
rhymes: -uːdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: Tudors
Etymology: Borrowed from Welsh Tudur (“Theodoric”), from Proto-Celtic *Toutorīxs, later adopted as the surname of a British royal family. Piecewise doublet of Theodoric, Theoderic, Terry, and Derek.
Senses: glosses: A monarch of the English royal family during the sixteenth century, specifically, King Henry VII and Henry VIII or one of his three children who ascended the throne.
examples: text: The Tudors ate far more meat than we do today, and the king ate more than most.
ref: 2016 May 19, Tracy Borman, The Private Lives of the Tudors: Uncovering the Secrets of Britain's Greatest Dynasty, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
text: The Tudors mostly made theirs with whatever homegrown vegetables they could grow themselves, from lettuces and cucumbers, to onions and even plant and flower seeds.
ref: 2023 September 30, Bethan Watts, Inside the Tudor Home: Daily Life in the Sixteenth Century, Pen and Sword History, →ISBN, page 79:
glosses: Anyone who lived in the Tudor era of England.
glosses: A style of dress popular in Britain during the sixteenth century.
Tudor
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtjuːdə/
ipa: /ˈtuːdəɹ/
rhymes: -uːdə(ɹ)
Forms: form: more Tudor
form: most Tudor
Etymology: Borrowed from Welsh Tudur (“Theodoric”), from Proto-Celtic *Toutorīxs, later adopted as the surname of a British royal family. Piecewise doublet of Theodoric, Theoderic, Terry, and Derek.
Senses: glosses: Pertaining to the English monarchs of the sixteenth century.
glosses: Pertaining to the period of English history ruled by King Henry VII, Henry VIII and the children of Henry VIII.
examples: text: A massive Tudor estate with a circular driveway, it looked more like an English finishing school than a home.
ref: 2015, Paul Beatty, The Sellout, Oneworld Publications (2016), page 247:
topics: architecture
glosses: In the style of English buildings of the sixteenth century; using exposed wooden beams on the exterior.
Derived terms: mock Tudor
Tudor arch
Tudor bonnet
Tudor flower
Tudor rose
turbulence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns/
ipa: /ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns/
Forms: form: turbulences
Etymology: From Middle English turbulence (“turbidity, cloudiness”), from Late Latin turbulentia (“trouble, disquiet”). By surface analysis, turbulent + -ence.
Senses: examples: text: Turbulence was everywhere, within every blade of grass, every drop of dew on a leaf, every cloud in the sky, and every star beyond. The turbulence was purposeless, but in huge quantities of purposeless turbulence, purpose took shape.
ref: 2008, Luo Ji, The Dark Forest, →ISBN:
glosses: The state or fact of being turbulent or agitated; tempestuousness, disturbance.
glosses: Disturbance in a gas or fluid, characterized by evidence of internal motion or unrest.
topics: aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Specifically, a state of agitation or disturbance in the air which is disruptive to an aircraft.
examples: text: In a brief and abashed Tory conference speech, Kwarteng admitted it had been a “tough day” – hours after rowing back on the tax cut for high earners. He said his economic plan had caused “a little turbulence”.
ref: 2022 October 3, Kwasi Kwarteng, quotee, “Tory MPs plot to avert welfare squeeze after humiliating U-turns”, in The Guardian:
glosses: An instance or type of such state or disturbance.
Derived terms: clear-air turbulence
mechanical turbulence
thermal turbulence
turbulence energy
wake turbulence
Related terms: word: turbidity
word: turbulent
guerrilla warfare
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: Combat using groups of irregular, light, mobile troops within areas occupied by an enemy force, usually through hit-and-run tactics.
geometrisation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: geometrisations
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of geometrization.
surcoat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɜːˌkəʊt/
ipa: /ˈsɜɹˌkoʊt/
Forms: form: surcoats
Etymology: From Middle English surcote, from Old French surcote, formed with sur (“over”) and cote (“coat, robe, tunic, overgarment”), respelled based on coat.
Senses: examples: text: The ordered system of symbols which we know as heraldry came into being in the twelfth century to meet a military need. These symbols were emblazoned on shields, surcoats and fighting flags, and served as an invaluable means of identification when the features were obscured by the great helm.
ref: 1956 July, Col. H. C. B. Rogers, “Railway Heraldry”, in Railway Magazine, page 476:
text: The Lord mayor and sheriff ride in their armour with surcoats of crimson.
ref: 2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 165:
glosses: A loose sleeveless garment worn over a suit of armor, sometimes colored or embroidered with the wearer's coat of arms.
glosses: An overgarment worn over a woman's gown; a kind of short robe worn over the tunic at the close of the 11th century.
geometrization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: geometrizations
Senses: glosses: The use of geometrical concepts and techniques in a different field of study, or the process of making something geometrical.
topics: mathematics
sciences
glosses: The description of a space as a geometry.
Derived terms: Thurston's geometrization conjecture
geometrization conjecture
string bean
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: string beans
form: stringbean
form: string-bean
Senses: examples: text: Summer squashes almost in their golden blossom; cucumbers, now evincing a tendency to spread away from the main stock, and ramble far and wide; two or three rows of string-beans and as many more that were about to festoon themselves on poles;
ref: 1851 April 9, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House of the Seven Gables, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:
text: Well, I rung the fallout shelter bell / And I leaned my head and I gave a yell / “Give me a string bean, I’m a hungry man” / A shotgun fired and away I ran
ref: 1963, Bob Dylan, “Talkin' World War III Blues”, in The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan:
glosses: Any long, slender green bean.
glosses: Any long, slender green bean.
A common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
glosses: Any long, slender green bean.
An immature runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)
glosses: Any long, slender green bean.
A yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)
glosses: Any long, slender green bean.
A hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus)
examples: text: My way o’ doing things suits me, and I don’t figure on changing it for you or any other half-baked young string-bean.
ref: 1925, Sinclair Lewis, chapter 15, in Arrowsmith, New York: New American Library, published 1961:
text: She was once a tall stringbean of a girl whom the boys called “Red” in high school.
ref: 1969, Philip Roth, Portnoy's Complaint, New York: Vintage, published 1994, page 31:
glosses: A tall and thin person.
Derived terms: stringbeany
substratum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /səbˈstrɑ.təm/
ipa: /səbˈstreɪ.təm/
Forms: form: substrata
Etymology: Borrowed from New Latin substratum, nominalisation of the neuter of Latin substrātus, perfect passive participle of substernō.
Senses: synonyms: underlayer
glosses: A layer that lies underneath another.
glosses: The underlying cause or basis of something.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A substrate.
Related terms: substratal
grapple
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: grăpʹəl
ipa: /ˈɡɹæpəl/
rhymes: -æpəl
Forms: form: grapples
form: grappling
form: grappled
form: grappled
form: graple
Etymology: From Middle English *grapplen (“to seize, lay hold of”), from Old English *græpplian (“to seize”) (compare Old English ġegræppian (“to seize”)), from Proto-Germanic *graipilōną, *grabbalōną (“to seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to take, seize, rake”), equivalent to grab + -le.
Cognate with Dutch grabbelen (“to grope, scramble, scrabble”), German grabbeln (“to rummage, grope about”) and grapsen, grapschen (“to seize, grasp, grabble”). Influenced in some senses by grapple (“tool with claws or hooks”, noun) (see below). See further at grasp.
Senses: glosses: To seize something and hold it firmly.
glosses: To wrestle or tussle.
examples: text: to grapple with one's conscience
text: Class 4 2-6-4T No. 42098 grapples with the 1 in 63 to Troutbeck at the head of the "Lakes Express".
ref: 1961 October, ""Voyageur"", “The Cockermouth, Keswick & Penrith Railway”, in Trains Illustrated, page 599, photo caption:
text: Fear of death is a universal human concern with which all thinking people at some point grapple.
ref: 2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, page 173:
text: The frictionless appearance of a box on the doorstep is such a seductive notion. We have come to rely on it in such a brief period that we have not been able to grapple fully with the scale or the meaning of home delivery.
ref: 2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To ponder and intensely evaluate a problem; to struggle to deal with.
raw_tags: with with
Derived terms: gaffle
grapplehook
grapplement
grappler
grapplesome
grapple with
ungrapple
grapple
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: grăpʹəl
ipa: /ˈɡɹæpəl/
rhymes: -æpəl
Forms: form: grapples
form: graple
Etymology: From Middle English *grapplen (“to seize, lay hold of”), from Old English *græpplian (“to seize”) (compare Old English ġegræppian (“to seize”)), from Proto-Germanic *graipilōną, *grabbalōną (“to seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to take, seize, rake”), equivalent to grab + -le.
Cognate with Dutch grabbelen (“to grope, scramble, scrabble”), German grabbeln (“to rummage, grope about”) and grapsen, grapschen (“to seize, grasp, grabble”). Influenced in some senses by grapple (“tool with claws or hooks”, noun) (see below). See further at grasp.
Senses: glosses: A close hand-to-hand struggle.
glosses: The act of grappling. (uncountable)
Derived terms: grapple plant
grapple
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: grăpʹəl
ipa: /ˈɡɹæpəl/
rhymes: -æpəl
Forms: form: grapples
form: graple
Etymology: From Middle English *grapple, *graple, from Old French grappil (“a ship's grapple”) (compare Old French grappin (“hook”)), from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). See further at grape. Influenced in some senses by grapple (“seize”, verb) (see above).
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A tool with claws or hooks which is used to catch or hold something.
A device consisting of iron claws, attached to the end of a rope, used for grasping and holding an enemy ship prior to boarding; a grappling iron.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A tool with claws or hooks which is used to catch or hold something.
A grapnel (“type of anchor”).