cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
illegal
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈliːɡəl/
enpr: ĭ.lē'gəl
ipa: /ɪˈli.ɡəl/
ipa: [ɪɫˈli.ɡəɫ]
rhymes: -iːɡəl
Forms: form: more illegal
form: most illegal
Etymology: Borrowed from French illégal, from Medieval Latin illegalis, from Latin legalis, by surface analysis, il- + legal. In senses relating to immigration, via clipping of illegal alien or illegal immigrant.
Senses: examples: text: This is illegal, you know!
text: Nearly 40 million people live in UK areas with illegal air pollution
text: Their illegal mining operations in Asia, Africa and elsewhere, are protected by officials and police paid to look the other way – and powerful customers in the construction industry who prefer not to ask too many questions.
text: In all times the Princes in England have done ſomething illegal to get Money: But then came a Parliament and all was well, the People and the Prince kiſt and were Friends, and ſo things were quiet for a while.
ref: a. 1654, John Selden, “Money”, in Table-Talk, 3rd edition, London: Jacob Tonson, published 1716, page 74:
text: Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.
ref: 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:
text: Major parties have long relied on large-scale campaign contributions, and the LDP was only recently mired in an illegal fundraising scandal. Sanseito drew its support from smaller, individual donations.
ref: 2025 July 24, Ned Temko, “In Japan, too, voters want their country to be ‘great again’”, in The Christian Science Monitor, archived from the original on 27 Jul 2025:
glosses: Contrary to, forbidden, or not authorized by law, especially criminal law.
examples: text: Moving a pawn backward is an illegal move in chess.
text: The computer program performed an illegal operation and was terminated.
glosses: Forbidden by established rules.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
philately
glosses: Totally fictitious, and often issued on behalf of a non-existent territory or country.
raw_tags: of an issue printed for collectors
examples: text: illegal immigrant
text: illegal logger
text: illegal pilot
glosses: Being or doing something illegally.
raw_tags: of a person
glosses: Being an illegal immigrant; residing in a country illegally.
Synonyms: sense: forbidden by law
word: criminal
sense: forbidden by law
word: felonious
sense: forbidden by law
word: illicit
sense: forbidden by law
word: unlawful
sense: forbidden by law
word: irregular
sense: totally fictitious
word: bogus
sense: being an illegal immigrant
word: undocumented
Derived terms: illegal alien
illegal combatant
illegal forward kick
illegal immigrant
illegal immigration
illegalisation
illegalise
illegalism
illegalist
illegalize
illegalness
illegal number
illegal prime
illegal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈliːɡəl/
enpr: ĭ.lē'gəl
ipa: /ɪˈli.ɡəl/
ipa: [ɪɫˈli.ɡəɫ]
rhymes: -iːɡəl
Forms: form: illegals
Etymology: Borrowed from French illégal, from Medieval Latin illegalis, from Latin legalis, by surface analysis, il- + legal. In senses relating to immigration, via clipping of illegal alien or illegal immigrant.
Senses: examples: text: That whatſoever illegals hath been uſed againſt his friends and ſubjects, by impriſoning them without law, or impoſing fines upon their eſtates, be diſclaimed, and that perſons ſo committed be forthwith diſcharged.
ref: c. 1650, John Spalding, The History of the Troubles and Memorable Transactions in Scotland, from the Year 1624 to 1645, volume II, Aberdeen: T. Evans, published 1792, pages 72–73:
glosses: An illegal act or technique.
examples: text: …I've got illegals in my bottom…!
ref: 2004, “Reapercussions”, in Dead Like Me, season 1, episode 4, spoken by Mason (Callum Blue):
text: “Here’s what I could do,” Eve supposed. “I could slap your head against that wall, while I’m kicking your balls into your belly,” she added to the companion. “And after that, I can have you in restraints while I turn out your pockets. You’re carrying illegals.
ref: 2008, J. D. Robb [pseudonym; Nora Roberts], Strangers in Death, Penguin, →ISBN:
glosses: Contraband, esp. illegal substances such as drugs.
raw_tags: as illegals
examples: text: In Manchester and in Aldershot in Hampshire, asylum seeker accommodation was targeted by demonstrators carrying placards that read “deport them, don’t support them” and “no apartments for illegals”.
ref: 2024 August 1, Josh Halliday, Neha Gohil, “Police in England urged to protect mosques as far right plans more rallies”, in the Guardian:
glosses: An illegal immigrant.
examples: text: Anna Chapman, whose glamorous appearance won her more publicity in the Western media than all the other illegals combined, was so successfully deceived by a US sting operation that she handed over her SVR laptop to an FBI agent posing as a Russian.
ref: 2012, Christopher Andrew, ‘Colder War’, Literary Review, number 399:
text: Traditionally, illegals have been extremely hard for counterintelligence agencies to find, but in a world of biometric data, facial recognition software and open source investigation possibilities, it has become harder for Russia to keep its illegals below the radar.
ref: 2022 August 26, Shaun Walker, “Socialite who charmed Nato staff in Naples was Russian spy, say investigators”, in The Guardian:
topics: espionage
government
military
politics
war
glosses: A spy operating abroad illegally and under non-official cover, without visible ties to his or her country’s authorities.
Synonyms: sense: illegal immigrant
word: crimmigrant
word: illegal immigrant
bangle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæŋ.ɡəl/
rhymes: -æŋɡəl
Forms: form: bangles
Etymology: From Hindi बंग्ली (baṅglī, “glass bracelet”).
Senses: examples: text: Mrs. MacAndrew smoothed down the lap of her gown, and gold bangles fell over her wrists.
ref: 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “ch. 15”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:
glosses: A rigid bracelet or anklet, especially one with no clasp.
Derived terms: bangleless
rosary bangle
bangle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæŋ.ɡəl/
rhymes: -æŋɡəl
Forms: form: bangles
form: bangling
form: bangled
form: bangled
Etymology: Unknown, yet probably from bang + -le (frequentative suffix).
Senses: glosses: to beat about or beat down, as corn by the wind.
examples: text: Thus betwixt hope and fear, suspicions, angers […] betwixt falling in, falling out, etc., we bangle away our best days, befool out our times […].
ref: , New York Review Books 2001, p.273
text: If we bangle away the legacy of peace left us by Christ, it is a sign of our want of regard for him. — Duty of Man.
glosses: to waste away little by little; squander carelessly; fritter (away).
glosses: (falconry) to beat about in the air; flutter: said of a hawk which does not rise steadily and then swoop down upon its prey.
glosses: to flap or hang down loosely, as a hat brim or an animal's ear.
Derived terms: bangle ear
bangle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæŋ.ɡəl/
rhymes: -æŋɡəl
Forms: form: bangles
Etymology: Apparently from bang (verb) + -le (instrumental suffix), perhaps ultimately connected with Proto-Germanic *bangilaz. Compare Dutch bengel, German Bengel.
Senses: glosses: The cut branch of a tree; a large, rough stick; the largest piece of wood in a bundle of twigs
bungalow
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʌŋɡələʊ/
ipa: /ˈbʌŋɡl̩əʊ/
ipa: /ˈbʌŋɡəloʊ/
ipa: /ˈbʌŋɡl̩oʊ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈbəŋɡ(ə)lo/
note: spelling pronunciation
ipa: /ˈbəŋɡ(ə)lɔ(w)/
rhymes: -əʊ
Forms: form: bungalows
Etymology: Borrowed from Gujarati બંગલો (baṅglo, “Bengali-style house; a detached house situated between a garden or a field”). Compare Hindi बंगला (baṅglā, “Bengali”), Bengali বাংলা (baṅla, “Bengal”). Doublet of bangalo.
Senses: examples: text: My aunt can't manage the stairs any more, so she's moving to a bungalow.
text: Slowly she turned round and faced towards a neat white bungalow, set some way back from the path behind a low hedge of golden privet. No light showed, but someone there was playing the piano. The strange elusiveness of the soft, insistent melody seemed to draw her forward.
ref: 1954, Alexander Alderson, chapter 1, in The Subtle Minotaur:
glosses: A single-storey house, typically with rooms all on one level, or sometimes also with upper rooms set into the roof space.
examples: text: Following the rule adopted in most tropical countries, a bungalow style of house was chosen.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 110:
glosses: A thatched or tiled one-story house in India surrounded by a wide veranda; a similar house in this style.
glosses: A chalet or lodge
glosses: A detached, freestanding house or mansion
Derived terms: bungaloft
bungaloid
Bungalow Belt
bungalowed
California bungalow
dak bungalow
dawk bungalow
good class bungalow
Blighty
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈblaɪti/
enpr: blī'tē
rhymes: -aɪti
Etymology: Corruption of the Hindustani विलायती (vilāytī) / وِلایَتی (vilāyatī, “foreign”), which is related to Arabic ولاية (wilāyah, “state, province”), whence also, through Turkish, vilayet.
Sir Henry Yule and Arthur C. Burnell explained in their Anglo-Indian dictionary, Hobson-Jobson, published in 1886, that the word was used in the names of several kinds of exotic foreign things, especially those that the British had brought into the country, such as the tomato, विलायती बैंगन (vilāytī baiṅgan, literally “foreign aubergine”), and especially to soda water, which was commonly called विलायती पानी (vilāytī pānī, literally “foreign water”).
Blighty was the inevitable British soldier’s corruption of it. But it only came into common use as a term for Britain at the beginning of the First World War in France about 1915. It turns up in popular songs "There’s a ship that’s bound for Blighty", "We wish we were in Blighty", and "Take me back to dear old Blighty, put me on the train for London town", and in Wilfred Owen's poems, as well as many other places.
The sense of a minor wound comes from attributive use of the noun, as in “a Blighty wound,” “a Blighty one,” 1916.
In modern Australian usage, Old – a sentimental reference to Britain, as in Old Country and Old Dart – was added to give Old Blighty.
Senses: examples: text: Before I knew it, 8 August had come around and our holiday was over. As my lovely little family headed for the airport to jump ship back to Blighty, I was on the road again with fresh legs.
ref: 2016, Chris Graham, Five Minutes of Amazing: My Journey Through Dementia, London: Sphere, →ISBN, page 129:
text: Living in the US, I have always seized every opportunity to insist things are better in Blighty. But now both countries look ludicrous[.]
ref: 2022 January 18, Arwa Mahdawi, “Which is more dysfunctional – the US or the UK? I’ve created a Global Embarrassment Index to figure it out”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Great Britain, Britain, or England, especially as viewed from abroad.
Derived terms: Blighty bag
Blighty one
Blighty wound
Old Blighty
Blighty
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈblaɪti/
enpr: blī'tē
rhymes: -aɪti
Forms: form: Blighties
Etymology: Corruption of the Hindustani विलायती (vilāytī) / وِلایَتی (vilāyatī, “foreign”), which is related to Arabic ولاية (wilāyah, “state, province”), whence also, through Turkish, vilayet.
Sir Henry Yule and Arthur C. Burnell explained in their Anglo-Indian dictionary, Hobson-Jobson, published in 1886, that the word was used in the names of several kinds of exotic foreign things, especially those that the British had brought into the country, such as the tomato, विलायती बैंगन (vilāytī baiṅgan, literally “foreign aubergine”), and especially to soda water, which was commonly called विलायती पानी (vilāytī pānī, literally “foreign water”).
Blighty was the inevitable British soldier’s corruption of it. But it only came into common use as a term for Britain at the beginning of the First World War in France about 1915. It turns up in popular songs "There’s a ship that’s bound for Blighty", "We wish we were in Blighty", and "Take me back to dear old Blighty, put me on the train for London town", and in Wilfred Owen's poems, as well as many other places.
The sense of a minor wound comes from attributive use of the noun, as in “a Blighty wound,” “a Blighty one,” 1916.
In modern Australian usage, Old – a sentimental reference to Britain, as in Old Country and Old Dart – was added to give Old Blighty.
Senses: examples: text: The ones who did get a good Blighty were returned to England.
ref: 2007, Frances Itani, Deafening, →ISBN:
text: Well maybe I'll have luck this time in the shape of a decent little “Blighty” as its^([sic]) the only way out of it for a while.
ref: 2010, Y.A. Bennett, Kiss the kids for dad, Don’t forget to write, →ISBN:
text: "Talk about Blighties——” He lifted his bandaged arm.
ref: 2016, Ronald Gurner, Pass Guard at Ypres: A Novel, →ISBN:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Synonym of Blighty one.
synonyms: word: Blighty one
cushy
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkʊʃi/
rhymes: -ʊʃi
Forms: form: cushier
form: more cushy
form: cushiest
form: most cushy
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindustani خوشی (xośī) / ख़ुशी (xuśī), from Classical Persian خوشی (xuši, “happiness”).
Senses: examples: text: This is a really cushy job. Mostly I just sit around drinking tea.
text: But if it really is such a cushy number, why doesn’t Britain have enough drivers – and what does it take to join their ranks?
ref: 2025 May 11, Gwyn Topham, “‘It’s an illogical job’: Why driving a train isn’t as cushy as it might seem”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: Making few demands; comfortable, easy.
glosses: Comfortable, often in a way that will suit a person's body; ergonomic.
Derived terms: cushily
cushiness
cushy number
dinghy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪŋ(ɡ)i/
ipa: /ˈdɪŋ.i/
rhymes: -ɪŋi
rhymes: -ɪŋɡi
Forms: form: dinghies
Etymology: From Bengali ডিঙি (ḍiṅi), perhaps from Sanskrit द्रोण (droṇa, “wooden trough”).
Senses: examples: text: The dinghy was trailing astern at the end of its painter, and Merrion looked at it as he passed. He saw that it was a battered-looking affair of the prahm type, with a blunt snout, and like the parent ship, had recently been painted a vivid green.
ref: 1944, Miles Burton, chapter 5, in The Three Corpse Trick:
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A small open boat, propelled by oars or paddles, carried as a tender, lifeboat, or pleasure craft on a ship.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: A sailing dinghy.
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: An inflatable rubber life raft.
Synonyms: tender
Derived terms: sailing dinghy
dinghy towing
dinghy
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɪŋ(ɡ)i/
ipa: /ˈdɪŋ.i/
rhymes: -ɪŋi
rhymes: -ɪŋɡi
Forms: form: dinghies
form: dinghying
form: dinghied
form: dinghied
Etymology: From Bengali ডিঙি (ḍiṅi), perhaps from Sanskrit द्रोण (droṇa, “wooden trough”).
Senses: glosses: To travel by dinghy.
dungaree
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdʌŋ.ɡəˈɹiː/
rhymes: -iː
Forms: form: dungarees
form: dungari
form: dungeree
Etymology: From Hindi डूंगरी (ḍūṅgrī, “coarse calico”), from the name of a village.
Senses: examples: text: This fellow was in the native costume, which is literally worse than nothing, consisting only of a straw tube, about a foot long, with a shred of blue dungaree hanging from its upper end.
ref: 1833, W. F. W. Owen, Narrative of Voyages to Explore the Shores of Africa, Arabia and Madagascar, volume 1, page 76:
text: 1893, Arthur Conan Doyle, The "Gloria Scott"
He wore an open jacket, with a splotch of tar on the sleeve, a red-and-black check shirt, dungaree trousers, and heavy boots badly worn.
glosses: Heavy denim fabric, often blue; blue jean material.
glosses: Trousers or pants or overalls made from such fabric.
examples: text: Meanwhile, Macpherson stood just outside the door, holding a cold chisel which he had taken from a dungaree pocket […] and there Mr. Willison found him.
ref: 1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 2, in Well Tackled!:
glosses: Attributive form of dungarees.
Synonyms: sense: heavy denim fabric
word: canvas
sense: heavy denim fabric
word: duck
sense: heavy denim fabric
word: denim
Derived terms: dungareed
dungarees
Jodhpur
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Etymology: Named after Jodha of Mandore (1416–1489).
Senses: examples: text: They marched, jaw-bound against blowing sand, across the salt desert to Jodhpur, where Mahbub and his handsome nephew Habib Ullah did much trading; and then sorrowfully, in European clothes, which he was fast outgrowing, Kim went second-class to St Xavier’s.
ref: 1900 December – 1901 October, Rudyard Kipling, chapter X, in Kim, London: Macmillan and Co., published 1901, →OCLC:
glosses: A city in Rajasthan, India.
Synonyms: Marwar
Derived terms: word: jodhpurs
mugger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈmʌɡə/
homophone: mugga (non-rhotic)
rhymes: -ʌɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: muggers
Etymology: From mug + -er.
Senses: glosses: A person who assaults and robs others, especially in a public place.
glosses: A person who makes exaggerated faces, as a performance; a gurner.
Derived terms: charity mugger
chugger
mike mugger
mugger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈmʌɡə/
homophone: mugga (non-rhotic)
rhymes: -ʌɡə(ɹ)
Forms: form: muggers
form: magar
form: makar
Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi मगर (magar) / Urdu مَگَر (magar, “crocodile, alligator”), from Sanskrit मकर (makara, “sea monster”), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *nek-V-ḷ- (“crocodile”) (DEDR 3732; reconstruction of Krishnamurti 2003) or Proto-Dravidian *mokaray- (“crocodile”), a verbal noun from *mok- / *moṅku- (“to eat greedily in large mouthfuls, devour, gobble”) (DEDR 5127 + 4897).
Senses: synonyms: marsh crocodile
mugger crocodile
glosses: A large crocodile, Crocodylus palustris, of southwest Asia, having a very broad wrinkled snout.
mugger
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmʌɡɚ/
ipa: /ˈmʌɡə/
homophone: mugga (non-rhotic)
rhymes: -ʌɡə(ɹ)
Senses: glosses: comparative form of mug: more mug
Related terms: hugger-mugger
shawl
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɔːl/
ipa: /ʃɔl/
ipa: /ʃɑl/
ipa: [ʃɒːɫ]
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: shawls
Etymology: From Hindi शाल (śāl) and Urdu شال (śāl), from Persian شال (šâl).
Senses: examples: text: She wears her shawl when it's cold outside.
text: Just then Norbourne entered the chamber; and, fancying from her attitude that his wife was asleep, he approached softly, and drew a large shawl around her.
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 60:
text: Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps,[…], and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
text: Jessamy turned. Her uplifted candle showed a dark handsome young women in a black dress. She wore a wide shawl over her head which hung down on either side, only partially hiding a starched, white apron..
ref: 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 26:
glosses: A square or rectangular piece of cloth worn as a covering for the head, neck, and shoulders, typically by women.
glosses: A fold of wrinkled flesh under the lips and neck of a bloodhound, used in scenting.
Derived terms: beshawled
India shawl
prayer shawl
praying shawl
shawl goat
shawl material
shawl pattern
shawl strap
shawl waistcoat
shawl
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʃɔːl/
ipa: /ʃɔl/
ipa: /ʃɑl/
ipa: [ʃɒːɫ]
rhymes: -ɔːl
Forms: form: shawls
form: shawling
form: shawled
form: shawled
Etymology: From Hindi शाल (śāl) and Urdu شال (śāl), from Persian شال (šâl).
Senses: examples: text: Rebecca was shawling her in an upper apartment , where these two friends had an opportunity for a little of that secret talking and conspiring which forms the delight of female life
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
glosses: To wrap in a shawl.
thug
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: thŭg
ipa: /θʌɡ/
ipa: /ʈʰəɡ/
rhymes: -ʌɡ
Forms: form: thugs
Etymology: From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).
Thuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as "ruffian, cutthroat, and cruel robber" by 1839. Related to English thatch, deck.
Senses: glosses: A person who is a member of a gang or criminal organization.
examples: text: They call you a land of license—free but to thug and thief.
ref: 1915, Cale Young Rice, “My Country”, in Collected Plays and Poems, page 342:
text: I pushed up out of my chaise and headed for the miniten court. Leah handed me her thug as I walked past her.
ref: 2021, Anna Durand, Natural Satisfaction:
glosses: A violent, aggressive, or truculent person.
glosses: A criminal that extorts people.
glosses: A person who use intimidation to coerce others.
synonyms: phansigar
glosses: One of a band of assassins formerly active in northern India who worshipped Kali and sacrificed their victims to her.
qualifier: African-American Vernacular
glosses: One who, usually as a result of social disadvantage, has turned to committing crimes (e.g. selling drugs, robbery, assault, etc.) to make a living; a gangsta.
topics: agriculture
business
horticulture
lifestyle
glosses: An overvigorous plant that spreads and dominates the flowerbed.
glosses: A wooden bat used in the game of miniten, fitting around the player's hand.
Derived terms: rent-a-thug
thugduggery
thuggery
thuggish
thuggism
thuggy
thug it out
thug life
thuglike
thug
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: thŭg
ipa: /θʌɡ/
ipa: /ʈʰəɡ/
rhymes: -ʌɡ
Forms: form: thugs
form: thugging
form: thugged
form: thugged
Etymology: From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).
Thuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as "ruffian, cutthroat, and cruel robber" by 1839. Related to English thatch, deck.
Senses: examples: text: Mr. Ingleby ascertained at the office—after threading the mazes of passage and staircase as though he expected momently to be Thugged—that his nephew had not yet come.
ref: 1854, My Ducats and My Daughter, volume II, page 247:
text: The report then records the arrest of the whole force of the union paper, the Victor Record, the forced resignation of many other civil officers in the Cripple Creek district who were in sympathy with the miners, […] the severe thugging of many of the well-known labor organizers,
ref: 1968, Harry Wellington Laidler, Boycotts and the Labor Struggle, page 302:
text: C.C. and Company. Another story about the young American motor-cycle hoodlum gangs: raping, thugging and robbing their way along the roads.
ref: 1972, F. Maurice Speed, Film Review, page 219:
glosses: To commit acts of thuggery, to live the life of a thug, to menace, to commit crime.
examples: text: I don’t thug out, but I’m not Wall Street, either. Russell Simmons and Puffy have clothes for this look in the affordable range.
ref: 2003 April, Dorian Missick, quotee, “Clothesline: Dorian Missick”, in Playboy Magazine, page 44:
text: Oh. Besides Allen Iverson, basketball players don’t be thugged out enough for me. I like me a roughneck.
ref: 2006, Katina King, Ride Wit’ Me, page 11:
text: Well, I’d like to see more positive images of black men. Ones that don’t just go on about having a big dick, thugging and bashing on some girl.
ref: 2017, Todd Dedman, quoting research participant ‘Luke’, Purists and Peripherals: Hip-hop and Grime Subcultures, page 169:
glosses: (often with out) To appear as a thug; to dress and act in a manner reminiscent of a thug.
verandah
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vəˈɹændə/
Forms: form: verandahs
Senses: examples: text: […]and yet, though desirous to be gone, she could not quit the Mansion House, or look an adieu to the Cottage, with its black, dripping, and comfortless verandah, or even notice through the misty glasses the last humble tenements of the village, without a saddened heart.
ref: 1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=III or IV), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:
text: Therefore the safe return of the Roper party was the usual topic of our nightly conclaves in the verandah.
ref: 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 104:
text: It is almost impossible to say what the heat is in the sun, but in the shade of the verandah it rarely registers more than 80° to 85° , and inside the house it is usually in the daytime 70° to 72°, and at night in the house about an average of 68°.
ref: 1908, Charles W. Hattersley, Uganda by Pen and Camera, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States: Union Press, page 36:
text: There was no moon, only stars set brilliantly in the soft black onyx of the sky : a black night and very silent on Cimiez ; and a black and silent prospect from the verandah […]
ref: 1922, Michael Arlen, “3/7/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:
text: We didn't eat in the dining room no more. There was a side porch, a sort of verandah thing with glass windows, with a door to the dining room and a door to the kitchen, and we all ate there after that.
ref: 1953, Theodore Sturgeon, More than human:
text: Constructed from the native timbers rimu, kauri, or matai, the interior has been refurbished in sympathy with the era of the home. The five bedrooms are individually designed, all with private balconies or verandahs.
ref: 2008, “The Peppertree”, in Friars Guide to New Zealand Accommodation for the Discerning Traveller 2009, Auckland: Hodder Moa, page 150:
glosses: Alternative spelling of veranda.
lawful
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɔːfl̩/
rhymes: -ɔːfʊl
Forms: form: more lawful
form: most lawful
form: lawfull
Etymology: From Middle English laweful, equivalent to law + -ful, conflated with Middle English leful, leeful, leveful (“according to law, lawful, pertaining to law”). See also leveful.
Senses: examples: text: Lawful money is always a land asset and can only be issued by an actual land jurisdiction government — not a corporation.
text: The laws are controversial. Forcing someone to work during a lawful strike is a major step. It was always likely to inflame a situation, and so it proved with LNER. ASLEF's counter-tactic came as a five-day walkout, which would have been the longest stoppage for many years had LNER not withdrawn its plan.
ref: 2024 February 7, Philip Haigh, “Railway's fragile resilience”, in RAIL, number 1002, page 3:
topics: law
synonyms: just
legal
legitimate
licit
antonyms: nonlawful
unlawful
illicit
glosses: Conforming to, or recognised by the laws of society.
examples: text: Or would they have it believed, that there is in their ſelves ſome ſuperior ſanctity, ſome peculiar privilege, by which theſe things are lawful to them, which are unlawful to all the world beſides?
ref: 1776, Jeremy Bentham, “A Short Review of the Declaration”, in John Lind, An Anſwer to the Declaration of the American Congress, London: Thomas Cadell, page 121:
text: […] so that the person's actions are merely the inevitable product of lawful causes stemming from prior events […]
ref: 2014, George Ortega, Free Will: Its Refutation, Societal Cost and Role in Climate Change Denial:
glosses: Operating according to some law or fundamental principle.
qualifier: roleplaying games
glosses: Of a character: having an alignment which makes them tend to follow the laws and conventions of society.
Derived terms: lawful day
lawful interception
lawfully
lawful money
lawfulness
unlawfulness
lawful
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈlɔːfl̩/
rhymes: -ɔːfʊl
Forms: form: lawfuls
form: lawfull
Etymology: From Middle English laweful, equivalent to law + -ful, conflated with Middle English leful, leeful, leveful (“according to law, lawful, pertaining to law”). See also leveful.
Senses: qualifier: roleplaying games
glosses: A character having a lawful alignment.
nudge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /nʌd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ʌdʒ
Forms: form: nudges
form: nug
Etymology: Circa 17th century, perhaps of North Germanic origin, related to Norwegian nugge, nyggje (“to push, rub, shove”), Icelandic nugga (“to rub, massage”), from the root of Proto-Germanic *hnōjaną (“to smooth, join together”), from Proto-Indo-European *kneh₂- (compare Ancient Greek κνάω (knáō, “to scratch, scrape”), source of English acnestis).
Compare also Scots nodge (“to push, poke, nudge”), knidge (“to push, squeeze”), gnidge (“to rub, press, squeeze, bruise”), and knudge (“to squeeze, press down with the knuckles”), Saterland Frisian Nukke, Nuk (“a sudden push”), Middle Low German nucke, nücke, gnücke (“a sudden push, shock, impetus”). Compare also dialectal nuch (“to tremble”), Middle English nuchen (“to tremble”).
Senses: examples: text: give someone a nudge
glosses: A gentle push.
glosses: A feature of instant messaging software used to get the attention of another user, as by shaking the conversation window or playing a sound.
examples: text: Since the machine was showing two lemons and a cherry, I decided to try a nudge.
glosses: The rotation by one step of a fruit machine reel of the player's choice.
examples: text: All this experimentation is yielding insights into which nudges give the biggest shove. One question is whether nudges can be designed to harness existing social norms. In Copenhagen Pelle Guldborg Hansen, founder of the Danish Nudging Network, a non-profit organisation, tested two potential “social nudges” in partnership with the local government, both using symbols to try to influence choices.
ref: 2012 March 24, “Nudge nudge, think think”, in The Economist:
text: Manipulating behavior is old hat in the private sector, where advertisers and companies have been nudging consumers for decades. Just think of strategically placed chocolate bars at the checkout counter. But in public policy, nudge proponents study human behavior to try to figure out why people sometimes make choices that they themselves would consider poor. Then they test small changes in how those choices are presented, to see whether people can be steered toward better decisions — like putting apples, not chocolate bars, at eye level in school cafeterias. […] It is tricky to run perfectly controlled experiments in real-life situations, but proving the worth of nudges is a central principle of the program, Mr. Halpern said.
ref: 2013 December 7, Kathrin Bennhold, “Britain’s Ministry of Nudges”, in New York Times:
qualifier: behavioral economics
glosses: The use of positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as ways to influence.
Derived terms: nudge theory
nudgy
wink wink nudge nudge
nudge
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /nʌd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ʌdʒ
Forms: form: nudges
form: nudging
form: nudged
form: nudged
form: nug
Etymology: Circa 17th century, perhaps of North Germanic origin, related to Norwegian nugge, nyggje (“to push, rub, shove”), Icelandic nugga (“to rub, massage”), from the root of Proto-Germanic *hnōjaną (“to smooth, join together”), from Proto-Indo-European *kneh₂- (compare Ancient Greek κνάω (knáō, “to scratch, scrape”), source of English acnestis).
Compare also Scots nodge (“to push, poke, nudge”), knidge (“to push, squeeze”), gnidge (“to rub, press, squeeze, bruise”), and knudge (“to squeeze, press down with the knuckles”), Saterland Frisian Nukke, Nuk (“a sudden push”), Middle Low German nucke, nücke, gnücke (“a sudden push, shock, impetus”). Compare also dialectal nuch (“to tremble”), Middle English nuchen (“to tremble”).
Senses: examples: text: Libertarian paternalism is the view that, because the way options are presented to citizens affects what they choose, society should present options in a way that “nudges” our intuitive selves to make choices that are more consistent with what our more deliberative selves would have chosen if they were in control.
ref: 2012 January 24, Steven Sloman, “The Battle Between Intuition and Deliberation”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 08 Jan 2012, page 74:
synonyms: jog
glosses: To push against gently, especially in order to gain attention or give a signal.
examples: text: This year's profits are nudging the 10 million mark.
glosses: To near or come close to something.
examples: text: But a serious public health and economic crisis, and the responses to it from commonwealth and state governments, seems to have nudged some “protest” voters back into the major party fold.
ref: 2021 February 2, Katharine Murphy, The Guardian:
glosses: To move slightly.
Synonyms: word: bump
word: disrupt
word: disturb
word: jog
word: nudge
word: poke
word: push
word: shift
word: tap
word: upset
Hypernyms: word: move
word: reposition
Hyponyms: word: elbow
Derived terms: nudgeable
nudge ahead
nudge out
nudger
nudgingly
unnudged
Related terms: nudge nudge wink wink
nudge
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /nʌd͡ʒ/
rhymes: -ʌdʒ
Forms: form: nudges
Senses: examples: text: Grace is portrayed as an overly neurotic nudge who recites her own poetry, loves complicated situations, and is in the process of coming out to her liberal, middle class, Jewish parents.
ref: 1988 April 16, Monica Hileman, “Women On Stage”, in Gay Community News, page 8:
glosses: Alternative form of nudzh.
rig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rĭg
ipa: /ɹɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: rigs
form: rigging
form: rigged
form: rigged
Etymology: From Early Modern English rygge, probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian rigge (“to bind up; wrap around; rig; equip”), Swedish dialectal rigga (“to rig a horse”), Faroese rigga (“to rig; to equip and fit; to make s.th. function”). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *rik- (“to bind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rign-, *reyg- (“to bind”); or related to Old English *wrīhan, wrīohan, wrēohan, wrēon (“to bind; wrap up; cover”). See also wry (“to cover; clothe; dress; hide”).
Senses: topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To fit out with a harness or other equipment.
To equip and fit (a ship) with sails, shrouds, and yards.
examples: text: To rig such massive equipment requires experienced riggers
topics: business
manufacturing
glosses: To fit out with a harness or other equipment.
To move (a heavy object) with the help of slings, hoists, block and tackle, levers, or similar equipment.
glosses: To dress or clothe in some costume.
examples: text: rig up a makeshift shelter
glosses: To make or construct something in haste or in a makeshift manner.
examples: text: to rig an election
text: Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult.[…]Governments have to find the best people to fill important jobs: there is a limited supply of people who understand the financial system, for example. But governments must also remember that businesses are self-interested actors who will try to rig the system for their own benefit.
ref: 2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
synonyms: swing
glosses: To manipulate something dishonestly for personal gain or discriminatory purposes.
examples: text: Sir Hew is a rigging thy gate or the plow
ref: 1557 February 13 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Tusser, A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie, London: […] Richard Tottel, →OCLC; republished London: […] Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, →OCLC:
glosses: To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer.
examples: text: We can think of rigging a 3D character as a process analogous to setting up the strings that control a puppet.
ref: 2012, Verónica Orvalho, Pedro Bastos, Frederic Parke, Bruno Oliveira, Xenxo Alvarez, “A Facial Rigging Survey: State of the Art Report”, in EUROGRAPHICS:
qualifier: animation
glosses: To outfit a model with controls for animation.
Derived terms: rig out
rig up
rig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rĭg
ipa: /ɹɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: rigs
Etymology: See ridge.
Senses: glosses: A ridge.
rig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rĭg
ipa: /ɹɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: rigs
Etymology: Compare wriggle.
Senses: examples: text: Let none condemn them [girls] for Rigs, becauſe thus hoiting vvith boys, ſeeing the ſimplicity of their age vvas a Patent to priviledge any innocent paſtime, and fevv mo[r]e years vvill make them bluſh themſelves into better manners.
ref: 1650, Thomas Fuller, “Of the Clothes and Ornaments of the Jews”, in A Pisgah-sight of Palestine and the Confines thereof, with the History of the Old and New Testament Acted thereon, London: […] J. F. for John Williams […], →OCLC, book IV, section VI (The Habits of Girles, Virgins, Brides, Wives, and Widows amongst the Jews), paragraph 2, page 110:
glosses: A wanton person; one given to unbecoming conduct.
examples: text: However, terrible as it may seem to the tall maiden sisters of J.P.'s in Queen Anne houses with walled vegetable gardens, this courtesan, strumpet, harlot, whore, punk, fille de joie, street-walker, this trollop, this trull, this baggage, this hussy, this drab, skit, rig, quean, mopsy, demirep, demimondaine, this wanton, this fornicatress, this doxy, this concubine, this frail sister, this poor Queenie--did actually solicit me, did actually say 'coming home to-night, dearie' and my soul was not blasted enough to call a policeman.
ref: 1936, Anthony Bertram, Like the Phoenix:
glosses: A promiscuous woman.
examples: text: Away went Gilpin neck or nought, / Away went hat and wig, / He little dreamt when he ſet out / Of running ſuch a rig.
ref: 1782, William Cowper, “The Diverting History of John Gilpin, […]”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], published 1785, →OCLC, page 349:
glosses: A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.
examples: text: This ſanguine little king's-fiſher (not preſcient of the ſtorm, as by his inſtinct he ought to be) appearing at that uncertain ſeaſon, before the riggs of Old Michaelmas were yet well compoſed, and when the inclement ſtorms of winter were approaching, began to flicker over the ſeas and was buſy in building it's halcyon neſt as if the angry ocean had been ſoothed by the genial breath of May.
ref: 1797, Edmund Burke, “Letter III.”, in A Third Letter to a Member of the Present Parliament, on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France, London: […] F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […]; sold also by J[ohn] Hatchard, […], →OCLC, page 64:
glosses: A blast of wind.
rig
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: rĭg
ipa: /ɹɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: rigs
form: rigging
form: rigged
form: rigged
Etymology: Compare wriggle.
Senses: examples: 1616, George Chapman, The Hymn to Hermes, in The Whole Works of Homer (tr.),
Rigging and rifling all ways, and no noise / Made with thy soft feet, where it all destroys.
glosses: To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks.
Synonyms: harlotize
rig
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: rĭg
ipa: /ɹɪɡ/
rhymes: -ɪɡ
Forms: form: rigs
Etymology: From ring (“algebraic structure”), omitting the letter n to suggest the lack of negatives. Compare rng (“structure like a ring but lacking a multiplicative identity”).
Senses: examples: text: The set of natural numbers N with the usual operations of addition and multiplication is a rig, but not a ring. The set of integers Z is a ring. For a rig/ring (R,0,+,1,−), the set of polynomials R[x] on a generator x with the usual operations of addition and multiplication is also a rig/ring.
ref: 2004, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, volume 39, ACM Press, page 81:
text: 2004, Jerzy Marcinkowski (editor), Computer Science Logic: 18th International Workshop, CSL 2004, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS 3210, page 17,
It follows that for each object A its endomorphisms End_C(A) = C(A,A) has the structure of what is now called a rig, that is to say a (commutative) ring without negatives.
topics: algebra
mathematics
sciences
qualifier: ring theory
glosses: An algebraic structure similar to a ring, but without the requirement that every element have an additive inverse.
Synonyms: sense: algebraic structure like a ring but without additive inverses
word: semiring
slalom
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: släʹ-ləm
ipa: /ˈslɑː.ləm/
ipa: /ˈslɔ.ləm/
rhymes: -ɑːləm
Forms: form: slaloms
Etymology: From Norwegian sla (“steep, hill side”) and låm (“trail”).
Senses: examples: text: Slalom is her strongest Olympic sport.
text: The slalom gates are set closer together.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: The sport of skiing in a zigzag course through gates.
examples: text: Disowned by my father... I began an erratic and increasingly steep slalom. Rejected would-be mercenary pilot, failed Jesuit novice, unpublished writer of pornography… yet for all these failures I had a tenacious faith in myself, a messiah as yet without
ref: 1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 1:
glosses: Any similar activity on other vehicles, including canoes and water skis.
examples: text: These first two slaloms have sixty gates each.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A course used for the sport of slalom.
examples: text: He has won six World Cup slaloms.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: A race or competition wherein participants each perform the sport of slalom.
glosses: Short for autoslalom
Derived terms: autoslalom
banked slalom
canoe slalom
giant slalom
GS
kayak slalom
parallel giant slalom
PSG
parallel slalom
PSL
slalomer
slalomist
super giant slalom
Super G
Super-G
slalom
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: släʹ-ləm
ipa: /ˈslɑː.ləm/
ipa: /ˈslɔ.ləm/
rhymes: -ɑːləm
Forms: form: slaloms
form: slaloming
form: slalomed
form: slalomed
Etymology: From Norwegian sla (“steep, hill side”) and låm (“trail”).
Senses: glosses: To race in a slalom.
examples: text: Snow fell, swirled, slalomed past our windows.
ref: 1988, Edmund White, chapter 3, in The Beautiful Room is Empty, New York: Vintage International, published 1994:
text: Hiro climbs on his bike, eases it through the neighbourhood and onto the street, and then gosses it up to a few hundred miles an hour, slaloming between the stanchions of the monorail, practicing.
ref: 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 365:
text: Gerrard plainly had other ideas as he set off on that final, driving run into the opposition penalty area, slaloming between Kamil Glik and Grzegorz Wojtkowiak and getting his shot away as a third defender, Artur Jedzejczyk, and the goalkeeper, Wojciech Szczesny, tried to close him out.
ref: 2013 October 15, Daniel Taylor, The Guardian:
glosses: To move in a slalom-like manner.
halfling
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: halflings
Etymology: From half + -ling. Sense 3 ("half-grown young person") is attested to 1794. It was then used by J.R.R. Tolkien in The Lord of the Rings (1954) as an alternative reference to members of his hobbit race. Hobbits were used in the original 1974 releases of the role-playing game Dungeons and Dragons, but in later editions they were changed to "halflings" for legal reasons, as being a pre-existing word rather than one invented by Tolkien.
Senses: topics: fantasy
glosses: A fictional small humanoid creature featuring in fantasy fiction; a hobbit.
topics: fantasy
glosses: A fictional humanoid born of a human parent and a parent of another race in fantasy fiction.
examples: text: Often it had been my fate to accompany the pick of the knight errantry of Whinnyliggate on such quests—for, though Nance was about my own age, she had become a reigning belle while I was but a halfling boy.
ref: 1897, Lady's Realm: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, volume 1, page 52:
glosses: A half-grown person, between a child and an adult.
veranda
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /vəˈɹæn.də/
rhymes: -ændə
Forms: form: verandas
form: verandah
form: viranda
form: virandah
form: virando
Etymology: Borrowed from Tamil வராந்தா (varāntā), itself borrowed from Portuguese varanda (“balustrade; balcony”).
Senses: examples: text: Boulte ate his breakfast, advised her to see her Arab pony fed in the veranda, and went out.
ref: 1889, Rudyard Kipling, “A Wayside Comedy”, in Under the Deodars, Boston: The Greenock Press, published 1899, page 66:
text: No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or otherwise his man would be there with a message to say that his master would shortly join me if I would kindly wait.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:
text: Our part of the veranda did not hang over the gorge, but edged the meadow where half a dozen large and sleek horses had stopped grazing to join us.
ref: 1956, Delano Ames, chapter 7, in Crime out of Mind:
glosses: A gallery, platform, or balcony, usually roofed and often partly enclosed, extending along the outside of a building.
Derived terms: verandaed
verandaless
maraca
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈɹæ.kə/
ipa: /məˈɹɑ.kə/
rhymes: -ækə
rhymes: -ɑːkə
Forms: form: maracas
Etymology: From Brazilian Portuguese maraca, derived from Old Tupi maraká or Guaraní mbaraká (“rattle”).
Senses: examples: text: Helly, please approach the MDE cart. You may choose one genre and one accessory… the maraca. Excellent choice.
ref: 2022 March 25, Helen Leigh, “Defiant Jazz”, in Severance, season 1, episode 7, spoken by Mr. Milchick (Tramell Tillman):
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: A Latin American percussion instrument consisting of a hollow-gourd rattle containing pebbles or beans and often played in pairs, as a rhythm instrument.
glosses: Breasts.
Derived terms: maracaist
molasses
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /məˈlæsɪz/
ipa: [məˈlæsɪz]
ipa: [mɵˈlæsɪz]
ipa: /məʊˈlasɪz/
ipa: /məˈlasɪz/
ipa: [məˈlæsɪz]
note: Scots
ipa: /məˈlasɪz/
rhymes: -æsɪz
Forms: form: mollasses
form: malasses
form: merlaasses
form: molassey
form: molassy
form: melasus
form: molassos
form: malassoes
form: malassos
form: molossus
form: melasses
form: mallassus
form: malosses
form: mellasses
form: milasses
form: molassers
form: molossoes
form: molossos
form: mullasses
form: molosses
form: melossus
form: mollossus
form: molossas
form: molases
form: mellosses
form: moloses
form: merlassers
form: millasses
form: molassisis
Etymology: From Portuguese melaços or Spanish melazos, from Late Latin mellacium (“must, honey-sweet thing”), from mel (“honey”) + -āceus (“-aceous”) + -ium, q.v. Some alternative forms derived or influenced by Spanish melaza and French mélasse, conjectured to derive from unattested Late Latin mellacea, from mel + -ācea.
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of molass