cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
decoration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: decorations
Etymology: From Latin decoratio: compare French décoration. Morphologically decorate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation.
examples: text: There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs,[…], and all these articles[…] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduously dusted and greatly cherished.
ref: 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
text: At the very moment he cried out, David realised that what he had run into was only the Christmas tree. Disgusted with himself at such cowardice, he spat a needle from his mouth, stepped back from the tree and listened. There were no sounds of any movement upstairs: no shouts, no sleepy grumbles, only a gentle tinkle from the decorations as the tree had recovered from the collision.
ref: 1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus:
glosses: Any item that adorns, enriches, or beautifies; something added by way of embellishment or ornamentation.
glosses: Specifically, any mark of honor to be worn upon the person, as a medal, cross, or ribbon of an order of knighthood, bestowed for services in war, great achievements in literature, art, etc.
topics: biochemistry
biology
chemistry
immunology
medicine
microbiology
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: The use of exotic sugars as decoys to distract the immune system of a host
glosses: Refurbishment; renovation
Synonyms: word: adornment
word: decoration
word: embellishment
word: ornament
word: ornamentation
Hyponyms: word: applique
word: daub
word: blazonry
word: boss
word: brocade
word: caparison
word: coffer
word: cross
word: embossment
word: emblazonment
word: emblazonry
word: embroidery
word: enamel
word: festoon
word: filigree
word: flounce
word: flourish
word: frill
word: fringe
word: garland
word: gaud
word: jewel
word: mat
word: microornamentation
word: pink
word: pipe
word: purfle
word: purl
word: ribbon
word: trim
word: trinket
word: tuft
word: varnish
word: wainscot
word: window dressing
Derived terms: decorational
decorationist
decoration worker
immunodecoration
interior decoration
nondecoration
overdecoration
redecoration
table decoration
Related terms: decorate
dedication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: dedications
Etymology: Originated 1350–1400 from Middle English dedicacioun, from Old French dedicacion (“consecration of a church or chapel”), from Latin dēdicātiō, equivalent to dēdicātus+-iōn.
Senses: examples: text: work with dedication
text: Her dedication is admirable.
synonyms: dedicatedness
glosses: The act of dedicating or the state of being dedicated.
examples: text: Her dedication for the book was only a cryptic "Once again, for T".
glosses: A note addressed to a patron or friend, prefixed to a work of art as a token of respect, esteem, or affection.
examples: text: Near-synonym: inauguration
text: The building's dedication is scheduled for next week.
glosses: The event, or the ceremony celebrating it, marking an official completion, opening, or beginning.
examples: text: the dedication of this right-of-way
topics: law
glosses: The deliberate or negligent surrender of all rights to property.
Derived terms: baby dedication
dadication
dedicational
livication
nondedication
prededication
rededication
deepen
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdiːpən/
rhymes: -iːpən
Forms: form: deepens
form: deepening
form: deepened
form: deepened
Etymology: From deep + -en.
Senses: examples: text: They deepened the well by 200 feet.
glosses: To make deep or deeper
examples: text: The event deepened the prevailing gloom.
glosses: To make darker or more intense; to darken
examples: text: News of her death deepened my sorrow.
glosses: To make more poignant or affecting; to increase in degree
examples: text: The tuner deepened the tone of the organ.
glosses: To make lower in tone
examples: text: The class deepened my understanding of the subject.
glosses: To make more thorough or extensive.
examples: text: The shared experiences deepened our relationship.
glosses: To make more intimate.
examples: text: The hypnotist then proceeded to deepen his trance.
glosses: To make more sound or heavy.
examples: text: The water deepens as you go toward the middle of the channel.
glosses: To become deeper
examples: text: The crisis deepened in the following weeks.
text: We may be pardoned our nostalgia, those of us who can remember the old days, the days before the grouping and before standardisation, when we see, as today we see so often, the derelict and abandoned buildings of what were once railway stations, for the life which they used to enjoy we lived with them. There they stand, today, as the dusk deepens about them, lampless, cold and deserted.
ref: 1953 April, Henry Maxwell, “Abandoned Railway Stations”, in Railway Magazine, page 270:
glosses: To become darker or more intense
examples: text: His voice deepened with age.
glosses: To become lower in tone
examples: text: His skill in deciphering the texts deepened with practice.
glosses: To become more thorough or extensive.
examples: text: The conversation deepened and they began to truly share.
text: He's in the process of breaking up with one boyfriend, who refuses to let their relationship deepen, and courting another, who promises to be somebody with whom he could grow old.
ref: 2001, Susan Stryker, Queer Pulp, page 104:
glosses: To become more intimate.
examples: text: The new bed allowed my sleep to deepen.
glosses: To become more sound or heavy.
Synonyms: depthen
Derived terms: deepener
deepeningly
overdeepen
defamation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: defamations
Etymology: From Old French diffamacion (French diffamation), from Latin diffāmātiō. By surface analysis, defame + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: She sued his ex-boyfriend for defamation and is seeking $14,000.
text: In a closed trial on December 24, 2004, the People’s Court of Jinshui District in the city of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, convicted Zhang Ruquan, along with his associate Zhang Zhengyao, in a public prosecution on charges of defamation that “seriously undermined social order or the state interest.” The two were sentenced to three years in prison for defaming former Chinese President Jiang Zemin.
ref: 2005, “Journalists Imprisoned in 2004”, in Bill Sweeney, editor, Attacks on the Press in 2004, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 251, column 2:
text: An hour later, when the Fox board approved the wire payment for $787.5 million — one of the largest known defamation settlements in history — Fox acknowledged what we needed it to acknowledge: spreading false claims comes with a huge price tag.
ref: 2023 April 21, John Poulos, “Dominion’s C.E.O.: Why We Settled the Lawsuit Against Fox News”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 28 Apr 2023:
text: Merryday, who was appointed by President Geroge^([sic]) H. W. Bush, said the complaint contains eighty pages of repetitive claims and praise for President Trump, but fails to establish the two counts of defamation alleged.
ref: 2025 September 19, Peter Charalambous, “Judge tosses Trump's $15B defamation suit against New York Times, Penguin Random House”, in ABC News, archived from the original on 20 Sep 2025:
glosses: The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.
Synonyms: aspersion
calumny
detraction
false light
libel
slander
aftertale
Derived terms: antidefamation
cyberdefamation
Related terms: defame
defamatory
defecation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdɛfəˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: defecations
form: defaecation
form: defæcation
Etymology: 17th century, borrowed from Late Latin dēfaecātiō.
Senses: glosses: The act or process of voiding feces from the bowels.
examples: text: The juice after it leaves the mill has a more or less green color, due to the presence of large quantities of chlorophyl and other vegetable substances, which must be removed. This process is known as defecation.
ref: 1883, National Academy of Sciences (US), Investigation of the Scientific and Economic Relations of the Sorghum Sugar Industry, page 84:
glosses: Any of several processes for the removal of impurities, or for clarifying various materials.
Synonyms: word: big jobs
word: bowel movement
word: cack
word: call of nature
word: crap
word: crapping
word: defecating
word: defecation
word: doing one's ease
word: doing one's easement
word: dump
word: dumping
word: easement
word: hod
word: motion
word: number two
word: poo
word: pooh
word: poop
word: purging
word: sharn
word: shit
word: shitting
word: spraying
word: taking a shit
Derived terms: Anti-Defecation League
hyperdefecation
open defecation
Related terms: word: defecate
word: feces
word: Appendix:Toilet slang
defoliation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˌfəʊliːˈ(j)eɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: defoliations
Etymology: From defoliate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The separation of ripened leaves from a branch or stem; the falling or shedding of the leaves.
Related terms: defoliate
defoliator
deformation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdɛfɚˈmeɪʃn̩/
ipa: /ˌdifɔɹˈmeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdifɚˈmeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdiːfoːˈmæɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdefəˈmæɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: deformations
Etymology: From Old French deformation, see deform. Morphologically deform + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: plastic deformation
text: permanent deformation
text: structural deformation
text: The metal showed signs of deformation under stress.
text: Earthquakes can cause severe ground deformation.
glosses: The act of deforming, or state of being deformed.
glosses: A transformation; change of shape.
Derived terms: deformational
deformation energy
deformation-retract
deformation retract
electrodeformation
hyperdeformation
ice deformation
plastic deformation
predeformation
professional deformation
retrodeformation
superdeformation
taboo deformation
defray
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfɹeɪ/
ipa: /dɪˈfɹæɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: defrays
form: defraying
form: defrayed
form: defrayed
Etymology: From Middle French desfrayer, French défrayer, from dé- + Old French fraier (“to spend”).
Senses: examples: text: The expenses of the war, while in progress, were defrayed by executing rich men and confiscating their property.
ref: 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.29:
text: Investors, meanwhile, got back a fraction of their money. Some say Mr Meinl’s €100m bail, paid by a source in Liechtenstein, should be used to defray their losses.
ref: 2009 July 30, ‘A Viennese grind’, The Economist:
text: In order to help defray the substantial costs involved, they then raised revenue through taking advertisements.
ref: 2010 December 9, Roy Greenslade, The Guardian:
text: With his legal maneuverings, Trump is showing that he also understands the implications of this election — one that could give him substantial powers as president to defray or dismiss many of the legal threats that he’s facing and to behave in office without future accountability.
ref: 2024 February 5, Stephen Collinson, “Trump’s legal battles are at a critical moment with major implications for the 2024 election”, in CNN:
synonyms: word: finance
word: fray
word: offset
glosses: To pay or discharge (a debt, expense etc.); to meet (the cost of something).
glosses: To pay for (something).
glosses: To spend (money).
Derived terms: defrayable
defrayal
defrayer
defrayment
undefrayed
defuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: defuses
form: defusing
form: defused
form: defused
Etymology: From de- + fuse.
Senses: examples: text: Shepard: I wear a lot of hats, Mr. Vargas. Some days I shut down criminals. Some days I defuse nukes. Some days I like to enjoy private vices. You understand me?
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Noveria:
glosses: To remove the fuse from (e.g. a bomb).
examples: text: to defuse a hostage situation
text: In recent months, those tactics have come to include defensive maneuvers aimed at defusing the media counteroperations of the United States and its allies.
ref: 2008 April 4, Michael Moss, “Rising Leader for Next Phase of Al Qaeda’s War”, in The New York Times:
text: As a result of the Santiago Principles and other parallel efforts at education such as the SWF scoreboard that I have featured in my research, a substantial amount of distrust surrounding SWFs has been defused.
ref: 2010, Edwin M. Truman, Sovereign Wealth Funds: Threat Or Salvation?, →ISBN, page 8:
text: Shaken by the biggest challenge to their authority in years, Brazil’s leaders made conciliatory gestures on Tuesday to try to defuse the protests engulfing the nation’s cities.
ref: 2013 June 18, Simon Romero, “Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders”, in New York Times, retrieved 21 Jun 2013:
text: Defying this, Western queer culture actively defuses from cisnormative values, yet in so doing may also fuse with their new, queernormative value constructs.
ref: 2020, Alex Stitt, ACT for Gender Identity: The Comprehensive Guide, page 202:
glosses: To make less dangerous, tense, or hostile.
Derived terms: defusable
defuser
undefused
Related terms: defusion
defusive
defuze
defuse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
ipa: /dɪˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
homophone: diffuse
ipa: /diːˈfjuːz/
rhymes: -uːz
Forms: form: defuses
form: defusing
form: defused
form: defused
Etymology: Compare diffuse.
Senses: examples: text: If but as well I other accents borrow / That can my speech defuse,
ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], line 2:
glosses: To disorder; to make shapeless.
defy
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈfaɪ/
rhymes: -aɪ
Forms: form: defies
Etymology: From Old French desfier, from Vulgar Latin *disfidare (“renounce one's faith”), from Latin dis- (“away”) + fidus (“faithful”). Meaning shifted in the 14th century from "be disloyal" to "challenge". Contrast confide, fidelity, faith.
Senses: examples: text: And, safe intrench'd within, her foes without defies
ref: 1687, [John Dryden], “(please specify the page number)”, in The Hind and the Panther. A Poem, in Three Parts, 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:
glosses: A challenge.
degeneration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: degenerations
Etymology: From French dégénération, from Latin dēgenerātiō.
Senses: examples: text: The modern cry of "more liberty and less creed" is a degeneration from a vertebrate to a jellyfish.
ref: 1913, B. H. Carrol, An Interpretation of the English Bible:
text: Hence, regional soil degenerations and podsolization was probably an important factor contributing to the retrogressive change in the forest composition at the end of the mesocratic phase..
ref: 1987, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, page 10:
text: Emmanuel Macron sounded like a man in grief. Not angry, not defiant, just a little triste. Europe, he lamented, was suffering a “degeneration of democracy”.
ref: 2025 October 12, Simon Tisdall, quoting Emmanuel Macron, “France is not alone in its crisis of political faith – belief in a democratic world is vanishing”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: The process or state of growing worse, or the state of having become worse.
examples: text: fatty degeneration of the liver
glosses: That condition of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality has become either diminished or perverted; a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure.
glosses: Gradual deterioration, from natural causes, of any class of animals or plants or any particular organ or organs; hereditary degradation of type.
examples: text: cockle, aracus, […] and other degenerations
ref: 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:
glosses: A thing that has degenerated.
Synonyms: sense: process or state of growing worse
word: decadence
sense: process or state of growing worse
word: decline
sense: process or state of growing worse
word: degradation
sense: process or state of growing worse
word: debasement
sense: process or state of growing worse
word: degeneracy
sense: process or state of growing worse
word: deterioration
topics: gaming
games
word: nerf
Derived terms: biodegeneration
cytodegeneration
degenerationism
degenerationist
hepatolenticular degeneration
hyaline degeneration
macular degeneration
microdegeneration
myelodegeneration
myodegeneration
neurodegeneration
nondegeneration
osteodegeneration
predegeneration
vasodegeneration
Wallerian degeneration
Related terms: degenerate
degenerative
dehors
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Etymology: From French dehors (“outside”).
Senses: topics: fortification
fortifications
government
military
politics
war
glosses: All sorts of outworks in general, at a distance from the main works; any advanced works for protection or cover.
dehors
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Etymology: From French dehors (“outside”).
Senses: examples: text: dehors the agreement, record, will etc.
topics: law
glosses: Outside of; without or not related to
dehydration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːhaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/
ipa: /dihaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: dehydrations
Etymology: From de- + hydration.
Senses: synonyms: drying
desiccation
glosses: The act or process of removing water from something.
glosses: The condition in which water in the body drops below normal levels, usually caused by illness, sweating or by not drinking enough.
Synonyms: hypohydration
Derived terms: chronic cellular dehydration
cryodehydration
cyclodehydration
dehydration reaction
redehydration
deification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: deifications
Etymology: From Middle English deificacion, from Middle French deifier + -acion or borrowed directly from Latin deificātiō, from deificō (“deify”) + -tiō (noun suffix), from deus (“god”) + -ficō (“make”). Equivalent to deify + -ication. In the Christian theological sense influenced by the use of deificātiō as Latin translation of Byzantine Greek θέωσις (théōsis).
Senses: glosses: The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis.
glosses: Excessive praise.
examples: text: We went through the main hall, four-armed Amaat looming, the air still smelling of incense and the heap of flowers at the god's feet and knees, back to a tiny chapel tucked into a corner, dedicated to an old and now-obscure provincial god, one of those personifications of abstract concepts so many pantheons hold, in this case a deification of legitimate political authority.
ref: 2013, Ann Leckie, Ancillary Justice:
glosses: A deified embodiment.
examples: text: There is an experiential component to Maximos’ writings: he draws upon the reality of the contemplative life and in doing so secures deification as the goal of the monastic spiritual life in Orthodoxy.
ref: 2010, Paul M. Collins, Partaking in Divine Nature: Deification and Communion, page 108:
topics: Christianity
lifestyle
religion
theology
glosses: Union with God; theosis.
Synonyms: sense: act of deifying
word: divinisation
sense: act of deifying
word: divinization
sense: act of deifying
word: apotheosis
sense: act of deifying; chiefly Chinese contexts
word: euhemerization
Derived terms: semideification
delectation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdiːlɛkˈteɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdɪlɛkˈteɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: delectations
Etymology: Attested from the mid 14th century, from Old French delectation (“enjoyment”), from Latin dēlectātiōnem, accusative singular of dēlectātiō, from the verb Latin dēlectō (“I delight, charm, please”), frequentative of dēliciō, from de- (“away”) + laciō (“I lure, I deceive”), from Proto-Italic *lakjō (“to draw, pull”), of unknown ultimate origin. Related to delight and delicious.
Senses: examples: text: Do not let us men despise these instincts because we cannot feel them. These women were made for our comfort and delectation, gentlemen,—with all the rest of the minor animals.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 22, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
glosses: great pleasure; delight.
Derived terms: morose delectation
deleterious
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɛl.ɪˈtɪə̯.ɹi.əs/
ipa: /ˌdɪl.ɪˈtɪə̯.ɹi.əs/
ipa: /ˌdɛ.ləˈtɪɹ.i.əs/
rhymes: -ɪəɹiəs
Forms: form: more deleterious
form: most deleterious
form: deletorious
Etymology: Adapted borrowing (1640s; 1582 as deletorious) of New Latin dēlētērius, dēlētōrius + -ous, from Ancient Greek δηλητήριος (dēlētḗrios, “noxious, deleterious”), from δηλητήρ (dēlētḗr, “a destroyer”), from δηλέομαι (dēléomai, “I hurt, damage, spoil, waste”). Not related to delete. Doublet of deletery.
Senses: examples: text: deleterious effects
text: deleterious to someone's health
text: Or might it suffice him, that every wholesome growth should be converted into something deleterious and malignant at his touch?
ref: 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “chapter XV”, in The Scarlet Letter:
text: A trolleybus service was established by the London Passenger Transport Board between North Woolwich and Stratford on February 6, 1938, and had a deleterious effect on railway passenger traffic.
ref: 1946 May and June, J. G. Holmes, “The North Woolwich Branch”, in Railway Magazine, page 176:
text: The advent of the smartphone and its cousin the tablet was followed quickly by hand-wringing about the deleterious effects of “screen time.” But the impact of these devices has not been fully appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual concerns about curtailed attention spans.
ref: 2017 September, Jean M. Twenge, “Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?”, in The Atlantic:
synonyms: word: destructive
word: harmful
word: hurtful
word: injurious
word: noxious
word: pernicious
word: harmful
word: damaging
word: deleterious
word: detrimental
word: hurtful
word: inimical
word: injurious
word: mischievous
word: nocent
word: nocuous
word: noxious
word: noisome
word: prejudicial
word: scathand
word: scathel
word: sullen
word: venom
glosses: Harmful, often in a subtle or unexpected way.
examples: text: A deleterious mutation
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Having lower fitness.
Derived terms: deleteriously
deleteriousness
nondeleterious
undeleterious
deliberate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭlĭbʹərət
ipa: /dɪˈlɪbəɹət/
note: weak vowel merger
enpr: dəlĭbʹərət
ipa: /dəˈlɪbəɹət/
note: weak vowel merger
enpr: dĭlĭbʹərāt
ipa: /dɪˈlɪbəɹeɪt/
note: weak vowel merger
enpr: dəlĭbʹərāt
ipa: /dəˈlɪbəɹeɪt/
note: weak vowel merger
Forms: form: more deliberate
form: most deliberate
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English deliberat(e), borrowed from Latin dēlīberātus, perfect passive participle of dēlīberō (“to consider, weigh well”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē- + *līberō / lībrō (“to weigh”)), from *libera / libra (“a balance”); see librate. Doublet of deliber.
Senses: examples: text: a deliberate attempt to cover up his crime
text: The massacre of up to 8,000 Bosnian Muslims at Srebrenica in 1995 was an act of genocide in a deliberate attempt by the Bosnian Serb leadership to exterminate part of the Muslim community, appeal judges ruled in a crucial case at the international war crimes tribunal in The Hague yesterday.
ref: 2004 April 20, Ian Traynor, “Hague rules Srebrenica was act of genocide”, in The Guardian:
synonyms: word: purposeful
word: volitional
word: advertent
word: conscious
word: deliberate
word: intentional
word: on purpose
word: purposeful
word: purposive
word: volitational
word: volitional
word: voluntary
word: wilful
antonyms: unintentional
unwitting
glosses: Done on purpose; intentional.
examples: text: a deliberate opinion; a deliberate measure or result
text: settled visage and deliberate word
ref: 1603-4, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure:
synonyms: word: careful
word: cautious
word: well-advised
word: alert
word: attentive
word: careful
word: cautelous
word: cautious
word: canny
word: chary
word: circumspect
word: conservative
word: deliberate
word: discreet
word: guarded
word: heedful
word: heedy
word: hesitant
word: meticulous
word: mindful
word: prudent
word: reckful
word: safe
word: sensible
word: shy
word: slow
word: tentative
word: timid
word: timorous
word: well-advised
word: wary
glosses: Formed with deliberation; carefully considered; not sudden or rash.
examples: text: The jury took eight hours to come to its deliberate verdict.
synonyms: circumspect
thoughtful
glosses: Of a person, weighing facts and arguments with a view to a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; slow in determining.
examples: text: His enunciation was so deliberate.
ref: 1803, William Wirt, The Letters of the British Spy:
glosses: Not hasty or sudden; slow.
Derived terms: deliberately
deliberateness
deliberate smoke
indeliberate
nondeliberate
overdeliberate
predeliberate
undeliberate
deliberate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: dĭlĭbʹərət
ipa: /dɪˈlɪbəɹət/
note: weak vowel merger
enpr: dəlĭbʹərət
ipa: /dəˈlɪbəɹət/
note: weak vowel merger
enpr: dĭlĭbʹərāt
ipa: /dɪˈlɪbəɹeɪt/
note: weak vowel merger
enpr: dəlĭbʹərāt
ipa: /dəˈlɪbəɹeɪt/
note: weak vowel merger
Forms: form: deliberates
form: deliberating
form: deliberated
form: deliberated
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English deliberat(e), borrowed from Latin dēlīberātus, perfect passive participle of dēlīberō (“to consider, weigh well”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē- + *līberō / lībrō (“to weigh”)), from *libera / libra (“a balance”); see librate. Doublet of deliber.
Senses: examples: text: It is now time for the jury to deliberate the guilt of the defendant.
glosses: To consider carefully; to weigh well in the mind.
glosses: To consider the reasons for and against anything; to reflect.
Synonyms: Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ponder
Derived terms: deliberator
nondeliberating
redeliberate
undeliberating
Related terms: deliberation
deliberative
deliberation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: deliberations
Etymology: From Middle English deliberacioun, from Old French deliberation, from Latin deliberātiō. Morphologically deliberate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: The oftener the measure is brought under examination, the greater the diversity in the situations of those who are to examine it, the less must be the danger of those errors which flow from want of due deliberation, or of those missteps which proceed from the contagion of some common passion or interest.
ref: 1863, Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist, section 72:
synonyms: word: cogitation
word: contemplation
word: deliberation
word: mulling
word: musing
word: pondering
word: meditation
word: reflection
word: rethinking
word: reconsideration
word: rumination
word: thought
glosses: The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection.
examples: text: the deliberations of a legislative body or council
glosses: Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure.
Derived terms: deliberational
nondeliberation
predeliberation
delineation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːlɪniˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: delineations
Senses: glosses: The act of delineating; depiction.
topics: art
arts
glosses: An image of the outline of an object.
examples: text: After all, the English hostel owes much of its charms to Chaucer; our associations are of his haunting pictures—his delicate Lady Prioress, his comely young squire, with their pleasant interchange of tale and legend, rise upon the mind's eye in all the fascination of his vivid delineations.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 190:
glosses: A graphic verbal description.
Derived terms: hydrodelineation
nondelineation
predelineation
redelineation
demarkation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: demarkations
Senses: examples: text: This line of demarkation frequently is most difficult to determine.
ref: 1948 September and October, H. C. Casserley, “Long-Lived Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 332:
glosses: Alternative spelling of demarcation.
demean
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈmiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: demeans
form: demeaning
form: demeaned
form: demeaned
Etymology: (1595) From de- + mean (“lowly, base, common”), from Middle English mene, aphetic variation of imene (“mean, base, common”), from Old English ġemǣne (“mean, common”). Compare English bemean.
Senses: examples: text: It was, of course, Mrs. Sedley's opinion that her son would demean himself by a marriage with an artist's daughter.
ref: 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 6, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
synonyms: slur
glosses: To debase; to lower; to degrade.
glosses: To humble; to humiliate.
glosses: To mortify.
Synonyms: debase
lower
degrade
Derived terms: demeaner
misdemean
demean
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈmiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: demeans
form: demeaning
form: demeaned
form: demeaned
Etymology: From Middle English demenen, demeinen, from Anglo-Norman demener, from Old French demener, from de- + mener (“to conduct, lead”), from Latin mināre, from minārī (“to threaten”).
Senses: examples: text: But now, as our obdurate clergy have with violence demeaned the matter.
ref: 1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC:
glosses: To manage; to conduct; to treat.
examples: text: they have demean'd themselves
Like men born to renown by life or death.
ref: c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:
text: They answered […] that they should demean themselves according to their instructions.
ref: (Can we date this quote?), Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, (please specify |book=I to XVI), in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641, Oxford: The Theater:
glosses: To conduct; to behave; to comport; followed by the reflexive pronoun.
demean
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈmiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: demeans
Etymology: From Middle English demenen, demeinen, from Anglo-Norman demener, from Old French demener, from de- + mener (“to conduct, lead”), from Latin mināre, from minārī (“to threaten”).
Senses: examples: text: Pursu'd him streight, in mynd to bene ywroken / Of all the vile demeane, and vsage bad
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18:
glosses: Management; treatment.
examples: text: ‘When thou hast all this doen, then bring me newes / Of his demeane […].’
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
text: with grave demean and solemn vanity
ref: 1739, Gilbert West, A canto of the Fairy Queen (later called On the Abuse of Travelling)
glosses: Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor.
Related terms: demeanor
demean
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈmiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: demeans
Etymology: Variant of demesne.
Senses: glosses: demesne.
glosses: resources; means.
demean
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈmiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
ipa: /ˌdiːˈmiːn/
ipa: /dɪˈmiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: demeans
form: demeaning
form: demeaned
form: demeaned
Etymology: de- + mean
Senses: examples: text: Concerning FE estimation, it makes no difference whether you demean the data with unit-specific means computed on (balanced) T observations per unit, or with unit-specific means computed on (unbalanced) Tᵢ observations per unit.
ref: 2013, Hans-Jürgen Andreß, Katrin Golsch, Alexander W. Schmidt, Applied Panel Data Analysis for Economic and Social Surveys, page 177:
topics: mathematics
sciences
statistics
glosses: To subtract the mean from (a value, or every observation in a data set).
demise
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈmaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: demises
Etymology: From Middle English demyse, dimise, dimisse, dymyse, from Middle French démise, the feminine singular past participle of démettre (“to put down, relinquish”); from Latin dēmissa, feminine singular of perfect passive participle of dēmittō. The "death" and "end" senses derive by way of euphemism from the legal sense, as a person's death was a common way that the legal demise could be accomplished.
The verb is from Middle English dimisen, from the noun.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: The conveyance or transfer of an estate, either in fee for life or for years, most commonly the latter.
examples: text: Immediately upon the Royal Assent being signified to this Act the Instrument of Abdication executed by His present Majesty on the tenth day of December, nineteen hundred and thirty-six, set out in the Schedule to this Act, shall have effect, and thereupon His Majesty shall cease to be King and there shall be a demise of the Crown, and accordingly the member of the Royal Family then next in succession to the Throne shall succeed thereto and to all the rights, privileges, and dignities thereunto belonging.
ref: 1936, “His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936”, in legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 09 Dec 2022:
glosses: Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; especially, the transfer or transmission of the crown or royal authority to a successor.
examples: text: Earth looked her loveliest to receive my sweet sister's gentle dust; but all was harsh and sullen as her own nature when Lady Avonleigh's haughty ashes returned to their original element. Immediately after her demise, her son went abroad, and I accompanied him.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 124:
synonyms: word: fatality
word: quietus
word: death
word: celestial transfer
word: decease
word: decomposition
word: defunction
word: dematerialization
word: demise
word: dirt nap
word: doom
word: exit
word: expiration
word: fatality
word: liquidation
word: mortality
word: quietus
word: repose
word: sleep of the just
word: sunset
word: the big sleep
word: crash
word: downfall
word: fall
word: (the) bane
word: (the) end
glosses: Death.
examples: text: The lack of funding ultimately led to the project's demise.
glosses: The end of something, in a negative sense; downfall.
examples: text: Relocating components to places where they receive more heating effect earlier in the reentry and even triggering a partial break-up of the satellite structure during reentry to aid demise.
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
glosses: The atmospheric disintegration of a satellite or satellite component upon re-entering Earth's atmosphere.
Derived terms: early fetal demise
nondemise
Related terms: demission
demit
demise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈmaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: demises
form: demising
form: demised
form: demised
Etymology: From Middle English demyse, dimise, dimisse, dymyse, from Middle French démise, the feminine singular past participle of démettre (“to put down, relinquish”); from Latin dēmissa, feminine singular of perfect passive participle of dēmittō. The "death" and "end" senses derive by way of euphemism from the legal sense, as a person's death was a common way that the legal demise could be accomplished.
The verb is from Middle English dimisen, from the noun.
Senses: topics: law
glosses: To give.
topics: law
glosses: To convey, as by will or lease.
topics: law
glosses: To transmit by inheritance.
topics: law
glosses: To pass by inheritance.
glosses: To die.
Derived terms: demisability
demisable
redemise
undemised
demobilization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˌməʊbɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: demobilizations
form: demobilisation
Etymology: From de- + mobilization or demobilize + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The disorganization or disarming of troops which have previously been mobilized or called into active service; the change from a war footing to a peace footing; the act of demobilizing.
Synonyms: word: demob
Derived terms: nondemobilization
demoralization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌmɒɹəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: demoralizations
form: demoralisation
Etymology: From demoralize + -ation.
Senses: examples: the demoralization of an army or navy
glosses: The act of corrupting or subverting morale, discipline, courage, hope, etc., or the state of being corrupted or subverted in morale.
Related terms: demoralize
denationalization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /diːˌnæʃ(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Forms: form: denationalizations
form: denationalisation
Etymology: From de- + nationalization.
Senses: glosses: The act or process of denationalizing, of removing from government control.
denigration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: denigrations
Etymology: By surface analysis, denigrate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act of making black; a blackening or defamation.
examples: text: To nostalgic eyes they became absolutely and almost mercifully unrecognisable. Nor did they escape a full measure of denigration.
ref: 1952 January, Henry Maxwell, “Farewell to the "T14s"”, in Railway Magazine, page 57:
glosses: An unfair criticism.
Related terms: denigrate
self-denigration
belittlement
disparagement
denomination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: denominations
Etymology: From Middle English denominacion, from Old French denominacion, from Latin dēnōminātiō.
Senses: glosses: The act of naming or designating.
examples: text: "Will you allow me to present Sir George Evelyn to you?—the most accomplished coquet that ever 'Dealt destruction round the land On all he judged a foe;' under which denomination he ranks all women."
ref: 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 46:
glosses: That by which anything is denominated or styled; an epithet; a name, designation, or title; especially, a general name indicating a class of like individuals.
examples: text: She follows the Ahmadiyya denomination of Islam.
text: Denomination does more than create space in which to discern, however. It also provides a means for living out differing forms of a faithful Christian life.
ref: 2011, Paul M. Collins, Barry A. Ensign-George, Denomination: Assessing an Ecclesiological Category, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 6:
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a subdivision of a religion.
examples: text: What denomination is that money? They are all 50 euro notes.
text: In 1823, a further issue of treasury notes was ordered to the amount of $100,000, in denominations of five to seventy-five cents, receivable for dues to the State.
ref: 1896, William Graham Sumner, chapter 11, in History of Banking in the United States:
glosses: A unit in a series of units of weight, money, etc.
Derived terms: denominational
denominationalism
denomination effect
denominationist
redenomination
subdenomination
Related terms: denominate
name
appellation
title
face value
dentation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: dentations
Senses: glosses: Formation of teeth; toothed form.
denudation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: denudations
Etymology: From Middle French dénudation, from Latin denudatio.
Senses: examples: text: The dance consisted of sexual exhibitionism, reeling and swaying as if in a state of intoxication, erotic bodily movements, and denudation.
ref: 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 68:
glosses: The act of stripping off covering, or removing the surface; a making bare.
examples: text: Severe radiation poisoning results in the total denudation of the gastrointestinal tract.
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: The act of stripping off covering, or removing the surface; a making bare.
The loss of the cellular covering of (the interior or exterior surface of an organ, etc.).
topics: geography
geology
natural-sciences
glosses: The laying bare of rocks by the washing away of the overlying earth, etc.; or the excavation and removal of them by the action of running water.
Derived terms: circumdenudation
Related terms: denudational
denudative
denunciation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/
ipa: /dɪˌnʊnsiˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: denunciations
Senses: glosses: Proclamation; announcement; a publishing.
examples: text: [Stephen] Miller’s uncle, a neuroscientist, has been welcomed onto the public stage for his denunciations of his nephew’s immigration policies, which the elder Miller has characterized as hypocritical: the Millers’ not-so-distant Jewish ancestors were, of course, immigrants themselves.
ref: 2019 July 15, Greg Afinogenov, “The Jewish Case for Open Borders”, in Jewish Currents, number Summer 2019:
synonyms: arraignment
glosses: The act of denouncing; an accusation made in public
examples: text: "Well," said the Duc, with that outward calmness of manner which anger often affects; "so you do not like me? I am sorry for your bad taste! and I bid you good night, quite convinced that you will repent your refusal; and I dare say you will never get married at all." So saying, he left the terrace; while Francesca remained for a few minutes, bewildered by the suddenness of the scene, and half inclined to laugh at the Duc's parting denunciation.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 50:
glosses: An open declaration of personal fault.
glosses: That by which anything is denounced; threat of evil; public menace or accusation; arraignment.
glosses: The announcement of termination (of a treaty).
Derived terms: nondenunciation
redenunciation
Related terms: word: denunciative
word: denunciatory
deodorization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: deodorizations
form: deodorisation
form: deodourisation
form: deodourization
Etymology: From deodorize + -ation.
Senses: glosses: The act of depriving of odor, especially of offensive odors resulting from impurities.
depilation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɛpɪˈleɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: depilations
Etymology: From depilate + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: Hair had appeared in greater quantities where I didnʼt want it, and I couldnʼt keep up with the demands of depilation.
ref: 2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, pages 150–151:
glosses: The process of stripping hair from the skin so as to make it smooth; unhairing; hair removal.
glosses: The removal of hair, wool or bristles from the body.
Hyponyms: epilation
deplete
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈpliːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: depletes
form: depleting
form: depleted
form: depleted
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin dēplētus (“empty”), from depleō.
Senses: examples: text: I noticed a couple of days ago how quickly the battery depletes.
text: The ink depletes too quickly.
text: Depending on what you print, one color usually depletes faster than the others.
text: The temperature gauge doesn't work and the coolant depletes quickly from the reservoir.
text: The winter storm quickly depleted the salt supply of the county.
text: This drug can deplete the body of magnesium.
text: Certain medications can deplete vitamin D.
glosses: To empty or unload, as the vessels of the human system, by bloodletting or by medicine.
examples: text: Their numbers have been very heavily depleted in the last few years, and soon a most familiar part of the southern railway scene will have vanished: […].
ref: 1954 May, John W. Grant, “A Railway Requiem”, in Railway Magazine, page 352:
text: He said that if I could not urinate within the next few hours I would be charged with refusing to comply with an order and be punished. In spite of my inability to eat much due to my depleted physical condition, I drank as much as I could and still was unable to urinate within the prescribed time.
ref: 1989 December 17, Edward Inman, “Disobeying An Order To Piss Lands Transsexual In Isolation”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 23, page 5:
text: Its reserves have been invaded and depleted.
ref: 2007, John Zerzan, Silence:
text: Constant vigilance for social threats and the negative emotions it produces (e.g., anxiety) deplete self-regulatory resources.
ref: 2022 October 25, L. J. Shrum, Elena Fumagalli, Tina M. Lowrey, “Coping with loneliness through consumption”, in Journal of Consumer Psychology, volume 33, number 2, →DOI, pages 441–465:
glosses: To reduce by destroying or consuming the vital powers of; to exhaust, as a country of its strength or resources, a treasury of money, etc.
Derived terms: depletable
depletant
depleter
depletive
depletome
depletory
hemodepleting
immunodeplete
immunodepleting
lymphodeplete
nondepleting
ribodeplete
Related terms: depletion
complete
replete
deploration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: deplorations
Senses: glosses: The act of deploring or lamenting; lamentation.
depolarization
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /diˌpoʊlɚˌaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ipa: /diːˌpəʊ.ləɹaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
Forms: form: depolarizations
form: depolarisation
Etymology: From de- + polarization.
Senses: topics: biology
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: The act of reducing polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarized or less polarized condition.
An intracellular shift in electrical charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared with outside; it is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of an organism.
topics: human-sciences
sciences
social-science
sociology
glosses: The act of reducing polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarized or less polarized condition.
Reduction of political polarization.
coordinate_terms: deradicalization
Synonyms: english: shift in intracellular electrical charge distribution
translation: shift in intracellular electrical charge distribution
word: hypopolarization:
Derived terms: afterdepolarization
photodepolarization
Related terms: after-depolarization
prepolarization
repolarization