cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
fiend
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /fiːnd/
rhymes: -iːnd
ipa: /fɛnd/
Forms: form: fiends
form: fiending
form: fiended
form: fiended
form: fend
Etymology: From Middle English fend, feend (“enemy; demon”), from Old English fēond (“enemy”), Proto-West Germanic *fijand, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Fäind (“enemy, fiend, foe”), Cimbrian faint (“enemy, fiend”), Dutch vijand (“enemy”), German Feind (“enemy, fiend, foe”), Vilamovian faeind, fajnd (“enemy”), Yiddish פֿײַנד (faynd), פֿײַנט (faynt, “enemy”), Danish fjende (“adversary, enemy, foe”), Icelandic fjandi (“enemy; fiend, demon, devil”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish fiende (“enemy”), Old Norse fjándi (“enemy; devil”), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fijands, “enemy, foe”). The Old Norse and Gothic terms are present participles of the corresponding verbs fjá/𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fijan, “to hate”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”) (compare Sanskrit पीयति (pī́yati, “(he) reviles”)).
Senses: examples: text: I play it off, but I'm dreaming of you / And I'll try to keep my cool, but I'm fiendin'
ref: 1999, Macy Gray, Jeremy Ruzumna, Jinsoo Lim, David Wilder, “I Try”:
text: I am back in San Francisco at the Clift Hotel, fiending for my fix.
ref: 2011, Emma J. Stephens, For a Dancer: The Memoir:
synonyms: feen
jones
glosses: To yearn; to be desperate.
fiendish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfiːndɪʃ/
Forms: form: more fiendish
form: most fiendish
Etymology: From fiend + -ish.
Senses: examples: text: The detective was puzzled by the fiendish plot to steal the diamonds.
text: She had a fiendish smile that hinted at a cunning plan.
synonyms: conniving
glosses: Sinister; evil; like a fiend.
examples: text: The exam was filled with fiendish questions that made no sense.
text: a fiendish crossword puzzle
glosses: Very difficult.
Derived terms: fiendishly
fiendishness
non-maskable interrupt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: non-maskable interrupts
form: NMI
Senses: topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A hardware-level interrupt that cannot be masked by software, such as a memory parity error.
garb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: garbs
Etymology: From Middle French garbe ("graceful outline, silhouette"; > Modern French galbe), from Italian garbo (“grace, elegance”), from Germanic (compare Old High German garwi, garawi (“dress, equipment, preparation”), Middle High German gerwe (“outfitting, jewelry, clothing, robe, regalia”), modern German Gärbe, Gerbe and English gear), ultimately from Frankish *garwijan (“to prepare”), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”).
Senses: glosses: Fashion, style of dressing oneself up.
examples: text: This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking.[…]Indeed, all his features were in large mold, like the man himself, as though he had come from a day when skin garments made the proper garb of men.
ref: 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
glosses: A type of dress or clothing.
examples: text: You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel.
ref: 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
glosses: A guise, external appearance.
Derived terms: garbless
nature's garb
garb
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: garbs
form: garbing
form: garbed
form: garbed
Etymology: From Middle French garbe ("graceful outline, silhouette"; > Modern French galbe), from Italian garbo (“grace, elegance”), from Germanic (compare Old High German garwi, garawi (“dress, equipment, preparation”), Middle High German gerwe (“outfitting, jewelry, clothing, robe, regalia”), modern German Gärbe, Gerbe and English gear), ultimately from Frankish *garwijan (“to prepare”), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”).
Senses: synonyms: habit
habilitate
glosses: To dress in garb.
garb
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/
rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)b
Forms: form: garbs
Etymology: From Middle English garbe, from Old French garbe, variant of jarbe; akin to German Garbe. Doublet of gerbe.
Senses: topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: A wheatsheaf.
examples: text: Yorkshire supplied 500 bows, and 580 garbs of arrows, 360 of which had iron heads pointed with steel.
ref: 1957, H. R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 118:
glosses: A measure of arrows in the Middle Ages.
trepidation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌtɹɛp.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/
Forms: form: trepidations
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin trepidātiō, from trepidō (“be agitated”).
Senses: examples: text: I decided, with considerable trepidation, to let him drive my car without me.
text: She reached it soon after half-past two. She found its gloomy nineteenth-century façade, black with the smuts of ninety years, a little daunting, and mounted its broad steps in some trepidation. But she rang the bell hard and knocked firmly.
ref: 1915, Edgar Jepson, “The Reluctant Duke”, in Happy Pollyooly: The Rich Little Poor Girl, Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 135:
text: She opened the drawing-room door in trepidation. Would she find Esther drowned with her head in the goldfish bowl, or hanged from the chandelier by her stay-lace?
ref: 1929, M. Barnard Eldershaw, chapter VII, in A House is Built:
text: When I went, I left from the station / With a haversack and some trepidation
ref: 1990, Chris Lowe, Neil Tennant, “Being Boring”, performed by Pet Shop Boys:
text: The Midlanders will hope the victory will kickstart a campaign that looked to have hit the buffers, but the sense of trepidation enveloping the Reebok Stadium heading into the new year underlines the seriousness of the predicament facing Owen Coyle's men.
ref: 2011 December 10, Marc Higginson, “Bolton 1 – 2 Aston Villa”, in BBC Sport:
synonyms: agitation
apprehension
consternation
fear
hesitation
worry
glosses: Anxiety over the uncertain future or possible ill-occurrence.
synonyms: quaking
quivering
glosses: An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear.
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.
Related terms: intrepid
trepid
trepidancy
trepidate
trepidatious
trepidatiously
trepidatiousness
trepidatory
trepidity
trepidly
despot
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɛs.pɒt/
ipa: /ˈdɛz.pɒt/
ipa: /ˈdɛs.pət/
Forms: form: despots
Etymology: From Middle French despote, from Old French despote, from Medieval Latin despota, from Ancient Greek δεσπότης (despótēs, “lord, master, owner”). Cognate with Sanskrit दम्पति (dámpati).
Senses: examples: text: The Red Holocaust is best interpreted in this light as the bitter fruit of an^([sic]) utopian gambit that was socially misengineered into a dystopic nightmare by despots in humanitarian disguise.
ref: 2009, Steven Rosefielde, Red Holocaust, page 240:
glosses: A ruler with absolute power; a tyrant.
glosses: A title awarded to senior members of the imperial family in the late Byzantine Empire, and claimed by various independent or semi-autonomous rulers in the Balkans (12th to 15th centuries)
Derived terms: archdespot
despotat
despotate
despotess
despotism
despotist
despotize
despotocracy
despotry
harbinger
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/
enpr: härʹbĭnjər
ipa: /ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/
Forms: form: harbingers
Etymology: Originally, a person that is sent in advance to arrange lodgings. From Middle English herberjour, herbergeour, from Old French herbergeor (French hébergeur), from herbergier (“to set up camp; to shelter; to take shelter”) + -or (suffix forming agent nouns), from Old High German heribergan, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *harjabergu (“army camp, shelter”). Compare German Herberge, Italian albergo, Dutch herberg, English harbor. More at here, borrow.
Senses: examples: text: harbinger of danger; harbinger of doom; harbinger of spring
text: Make all our Trumpets ſpeak, giue thẽ all breath / Thoſe clamorous Harbingers of Blood, & Death
ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi], page 150, column 2:
text: I knew by these harbingers who were coming.
ref: 1828, Walter Savage Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Lord Brooke and Sir Philip Sidney:
text: It’s to realize that Moon Frye, by cheerfully surveilling her own life, and those first Real Worlders, by agreeing to the constant presence of producers and cameras, were the harbingers of today’s culture, in which self-image is shaped in the expectation of a lens and personhood collates with brand identity.
ref: 2021 March 26, Alexis Soloski, “‘Kid 90’ and the Days When Even Wild TV Teens Had Privacy”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
synonyms: forewarning
herald
omen
premonition
sign
signal
prophet
glosses: A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something.
examples: text: outward decency […] is the Harbinger to provide the lodging for inward holinesse
ref: 1644, Thomas Fuller, "Truth Maintained" (a sermon)
glosses: One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when travelling, to provide and prepare lodgings.
Derived terms: harbinger-of-spring
harbingership
harbinger
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/
enpr: härʹbĭnjər
ipa: /ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/
Forms: form: harbingers
form: harbingering
form: harbingered
form: harbingered
Etymology: Originally, a person that is sent in advance to arrange lodgings. From Middle English herberjour, herbergeour, from Old French herbergeor (French hébergeur), from herbergier (“to set up camp; to shelter; to take shelter”) + -or (suffix forming agent nouns), from Old High German heribergan, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *harjabergu (“army camp, shelter”). Compare German Herberge, Italian albergo, Dutch herberg, English harbor. More at here, borrow.
Senses: examples: text: It was harbingered also by the terrible comet of January, which appeared in a cadent and obscure house, denoting sickness and death; […]
ref: 1841, William Harrison Ainsworth, chapter VIII, in Old Saint Paul's, published 1903, page 94:
synonyms: herald
glosses: To announce or precede; to be a harbinger of.
Related terms: bellwether
bushel
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊʃəl/
ipa: /ˈbuʃəl/
rhymes: -ʊʃəl
Forms: form: bushels
form: bushel
Etymology: From Middle English busshel, from Old French boissel, from boisse, a grain measure based on Gaulish *bostyā (“handful”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”), Old Irish bas), from Proto-Indo-European *gwost-, *gwosdʰ- (“branch”).
Senses: examples: text: The quarter, bushel, and peck are nearly universal measures of corn.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 207:
glosses: A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts; equivalent in volume to approximately 0.0364 cubic meters (imperial bushel) or 0.0352 cubic meters (U.S. bushel).
examples: text: And he sayde unto them: is the candle lighted, to be put under a busshell, or under the borde: ys it not therfore lighted that it shulde be put on a candelsticke?
ref: 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark iiij:[21]:
glosses: A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure.
examples: text: a heap containing ten bushels of apples
glosses: A quantity that fills a bushel measure.
glosses: A large indefinite quantity.
synonyms: box
glosses: The iron lining in the nave of a wheel.
Derived terms: bushelage
bushel basket
bushelful
busheller
bushelman
bushel measure
bushelwoman
hide one's light under a bushel
Winchester bushel
Related terms: english: half a bushel
translation: half a bushel
word: kenning
bushel
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbʊʃəl/
ipa: /ˈbuʃəl/
rhymes: -ʊʃəl
Forms: form: bushels
form: busheling
form: bushelling
form: busheled
form: busheled
form: bushelled
form: bushelled
Etymology: From Middle English busshel, from Old French boissel, from boisse, a grain measure based on Gaulish *bostyā (“handful”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”), Old Irish bas), from Proto-Indo-European *gwost-, *gwosdʰ- (“branch”).
Senses: qualifier: tailoring
glosses: To mend or repair clothes.
glosses: To pack grain, hops, etc. into bushel measures.
rundlet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɹʌndlət/
Forms: form: rundlets
form: runlet
Senses: hypernyms: cask
;
barrel[Appendix:Glossary#broad|broad]] sense>
glosses: A small cask of no certain dimensions, which may contain from 3 to 20 gallons.
examples: text: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:
hypernyms: cask
coordinate_terms: word: barrel[Appendix:Glossary#strict|strict]] sense>
english: in order of increasing volume
translation: in order of increasing volume
word: ;
word: tierce
word: ;
word: hogshead
word: ;
word: puncheon
word: tertian
word: ;
word: pipe
word: butt
word: ;
word: tun
glosses: Such a cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure for liquids, especially wine, usually 18.5 gallons.
rundlet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: /ˈɹʌndlət/
Forms: form: rundlets
Senses: examples: text: Rundlets roundish, with many equal, bristle-shaped spokes.
ref: 1818, William Withering, An Arrangement of British Plants, page 205:
topics: biology
botany
natural-sciences
glosses: A partial or secondary umbel.
Related terms: rundle
tun
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʌn/
ipa: /tʊn/
homophone: ton
homophone: tonne
rhymes: -ʌn
rhymes: -ʊn
Forms: form: tuns
form: tunning
form: tunned
form: tunned
form: tunne
form: tonne
Etymology: From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin.
Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.
Senses: examples: text: Strong beer that is brewed in small quantities, and ale, whatever the quantity may be, should be tunned the second day after brewing; and small beer should be tunned as soon as it has fairly taken the yeast
ref: 1843, Mary Holland, The Complete Economical Cook, and Frugal Housewife, 14th edition, page 407:
glosses: To put into tuns, or casks.
tun
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /tʌn/
ipa: /tʊn/
homophone: ton
homophone: tonne
rhymes: -ʌn
rhymes: -ʊn
Forms: form: tuns
form: tunob
form: tunne
form: tonne
Etymology: From Mayan.
Senses: glosses: A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days.
Related terms: tun-moot
butt
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: bŭt
ipa: /bʌt/
ipa: /bʊt/
rhymes: -ʌt
homophone: but
Forms: form: butts
form: butting
form: butted
form: butted
Etymology: From Middle English butten, from Anglo-Norman buter, boter (“to push, butt, strike”), from Frankish *bautan (“to hit, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push, strike”). Cognate with Old English bēatan (“to beat”). More at beat.
Senses: examples: text: Two harmless lambs are butting one the other.
ref: 1651, Henry Wotton, A Description of the Country's Recreations:
glosses: To strike bluntly, particularly with the head.
examples: text: Rams butt at other males during mating season.
glosses: To strike bluntly with the head.
examples: text: Teacher! He just butted me!
text: Additionally, kids are pinched, fondled, propositioned, and hit; and it all goes unseen amid the general confusion and nonspecific orders from the cafeteria supervisors who are yelling things like, "Keep it down, you people!" "No butting!" "Wait your turn, boys!" All of which sound as though there is law and order, just no actual justice to the victim.
ref: 2016, Chandler, Dan, Bullying in Plain Sight: How Inattentive Adults Encourage the School Bullies, Mustang, O.K.: Tate Publishing and Enterprises, LLC, →ISBN, page 45:
qualifier: parts of the northeastern US
glosses: To cut in line (in front of someone).
Related terms: butt heads with
butt in
buttinsky
butt out
butt set
butt up
butt worm
headbutt
butt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bŭt
ipa: /bʌt/
ipa: /bʊt/
rhymes: -ʌt
homophone: but
Forms: form: butts
Etymology: From Middle English butten, from Anglo-Norman buter, boter (“to push, butt, strike”), from Frankish *bautan (“to hit, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push, strike”). Cognate with Old English bēatan (“to beat”). More at beat.
Senses: examples: text: Be careful in the pen, that ram can knock you down with a butt.
text: The handcuffed suspect gave the officer a desperate butt in the chest.
text: Its noise attracted its outside mate, and the child gloried in its buzzing butts to get in.
ref: 1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 167:
glosses: A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head; a head butt.
examples: text: To prove who gave the fairer butt, / John shows the chalk on Robert's coat.
ref: 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Alma: Or, The Progress of the Mind”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC:
glosses: A thrust in fencing.
butt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bŭt
ipa: /bʌt/
ipa: /bʊt/
rhymes: -ʌt
homophone: but
Forms: form: butts
Etymology: From Middle English bit, bitte, bytte, butte (“leather bottle”), from Old English bytt, byt (from Proto-West Germanic *buttjā) and Old French boute (“cask”) and other etymologies on this page, all from Vulgar Latin *buttia. Doublet of boccia.
Senses: examples: text: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons. –
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:
synonyms: pipe
coordinate_terms: word: rundlet
english: in order of increasing volume
translation: in order of increasing volume
word: ;
word: barrel
word: ;
word: tierce
word: ;
word: hogshead
word: ;
word: puncheon
word: tertian
word: ;
word: tun
taxonomic: English units
glosses: An English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 126 wine gallons which is one-half tun.
examples: text: […]I escap'd upon a butt of sack which the sailors heav'd o'erboard[…]
ref: 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], line 121:
glosses: A wooden cask for storing wine, usually containing 126 gallons.
Related terms: bottle
butler
water butt
butt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bŭt
ipa: /bʌt/
ipa: /bʊt/
rhymes: -ʌt
homophone: but
Forms: form: butts
form: but
Etymology: From Middle English but, butte, botte (“flounder; plaice; turbot”), possibly derived from sense 1 (“blunt end”), meaning "blunt-headed fish." Compare Dutch bot and the second element of English halibut.
Cognate with West Frisian bot, German Low German Butt, German Butt, Butte, Swedish butta.
Senses: glosses: Any of various flatfish such as sole, plaice or turbot
Derived terms: halibut
butt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bŭt
ipa: /bʌt/
ipa: /bʊt/
rhymes: -ʌt
homophone: but
Forms: form: butts
Senses: glosses: A heavy two-wheeled cart.
glosses: A three-wheeled cart resembling a wheelbarrow.
Derived terms: word: buttload
word: gurry-butt
word: ox-butt
word: slide-butt
butt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bŭt
ipa: /bʌt/
ipa: /bʊt/
rhymes: -ʌt
homophone: but
Forms: form: butts
Etymology: Originally apparently a less-desired cut, named either due to its often being packed in butts (“casks”) for storage and shipping, or from the use of butt to refer to "the larger or thicker end of something, in distinction from the sharp or narrow end" or "the waste end".
Senses: examples: text: Cut the foot off one inch above the joint, as this makes a much neater looking shoulder. The top third of the shoulder that was removed from the “California ham” is known as the shoulder butt. This piece is divided into lean butt ("Boston Butt") and fat butt ("Clear Plate") […] The lean butt makes an excellent roast.
ref: 1926, E. C. Johnson, Edward James Wilford, Ernest Newton Fergus, George Roberts, Henry Ernest Curtis, John B. Hutson, Oscar Bernard Jesness, William Durrett Nicholls, Man Labor, Horse Work and Materials Used in Producing Crops in Christian County, page 365:
text: Alternative choices for the shoulder butt oven roast: if you are buying the butt of pork then you must enjoy the flavour that you get only with the fattiet cuts of meat; consequently I suggest the boneless pork loin rib end. Apart from the butt, this wonderful piece of pork has the most fat […]
ref: 2003, Harry Jordan, Meat Harry: A Meat Lover's Guide to Buying and Preparing Beef, Pork, and Poultry, GeneralStore PublishingHouse, →ISBN, page 114:
text: Wrap the pork butt. Work quickly and purposefully to minimize the time the pork butt is out of the smoker. Place the pork butt in the center of a single 18 x 36-inch piece of foil.
ref: 2019 July 22, Chris Grove, The Offset Smoker Cookbook: Pitmaster Techniques and Mouthwatering Recipes for Authentic, Low-and-Slow BBQ, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 85:
glosses: The shoulder of an animal, especially the portion above the picnic, as a cut of meat.
butt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: bŭt
ipa: /bʌt/
ipa: /bʊt/
rhymes: -ʌt
homophone: but
Forms: form: butts
Senses: examples: 2025, Eleri Griffiths, Woman goes viral after delivery photo catches her in just a towel (BBC News) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx2p0n73zmro
"He looks up, laughs as he sees the way I'm looking - soaking wet and in a towel - takes a full-blown picture, and just walks off.
"I'm like, 'cheers butt'," she added.
glosses: Synonym of butty (“a friend or buddy”).
synonyms: word: butty
extra: a friend or buddy
Ladin
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ləˈdiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Etymology: From Ladin ladin, itself from Latin latīnus. Doublet of Latin and Ladino.
Senses: glosses: A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.
Ladin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ləˈdiːn/
rhymes: -iːn
Forms: form: Ladins
Etymology: From Ladin ladin, itself from Latin latīnus. Doublet of Latin and Ladino.
Senses: glosses: A person speaking Ladin as a mother tongue.
Related terms: Friulian
Romanche
Romansch
Romansh
Rumantsch
tierce
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɪəs/
ipa: /ˈtɪɚs/
ipa: /ˈtɜːs/
rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)s
rhymes: -ɜːs
Forms: form: tierces
Etymology: From Old French tierce, from Latin tertia.
Senses: glosses: A third.
topics: Catholicism
Christianity
Roman-Catholicism
lifestyle
religion
glosses: Synonym of terce: the third canonical hour or its service.
synonyms: word: terce
extra: the third canonical hour or its service
examples: text: He then gave me a large piece of silver coin, such as I never had seen or had before, and told me to get ready for the voyage, and he would credit me with a tierce of sugar, and another of rum […].
ref: 1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 6, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:
text: Have an eye to the molasses tierce, Mr. Stubb; it was a little leaky, I thought.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 22”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:
hypernyms: cask
coordinate_terms: word: rundlet
english: in order of increasing volume
translation: in order of increasing volume
word: ;
word: barrel
word: ;
word: hogshead
word: ;
word: puncheon
word: tertian
word: ;
word: pipe
word: butt
word: ;
word: tun
glosses: A cask of a certain size, or its volume used as a measure of capacity. Larger than a barrel but smaller than a hogshead.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The third tone of the scale. See mediant.
topics: card-games
games
glosses: A sequence of three playing cards of the same suit. Tierce of ace, king and queen is called tierce-major.
examples: text: [W]e behold two men with lion-look, with alert attitude, side foremost, right foot advanced; flourishing and thrusting, stoccado and passado, in tierce and quart; intent to skewer one another.
ref: 1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):
topics: fencing
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
glosses: The third defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at head height.
topics: government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
glosses: An ordinary that covers the left or right third of the field of a shield or flag.
glosses: One sixtieth of a second, i.e., the third in a series of fractional parts in a sexagesimal number system. (Also known as a third.)
Related terms: tierced
tierce de Picardie
barrel
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbæɹ(ə)l/
ipa: [ˈbæɹəɫ]
ipa: /ˈbæɹəl/
ipa: [ˈbæɹəɫ]
ipa: /ˈbɛɚəl/
ipa: /ˈbɛɹəl/
ipa: [ˈbɛɚəɫ]
ipa: /ˈbæɹəɫ/
rhymes: -æɹəl
Forms: form: barrels
form: barreling
form: barrelling
form: barreled
form: barreled
form: barrelled
form: barrelled
form: barrell
Etymology: From Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternative connection to Frankish *baril, *beril or Gothic *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear + -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.
Senses: glosses: To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.
examples: text: He came barrelling around the corner and I almost hit him.
text: Snow shattered and spilled down the slope. Within seconds, the avalanche was the size of more than a thousand cars barreling down the mountain and weighed millions of pounds.
ref: 2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Times:
text: Days before Trump’s inauguration, his envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, barrelled into Israel with a demand to meet Netanyahu on Shabbat in order to strongarm him into negotiating a ceasefire deal with Hamas in Gaza.
ref: 2025 June 22, Andrew Roth, “What a difference a week makes: Trump falls into the Netanyahu trap”, in The Guardian:
glosses: To move quickly or in an uncontrolled manner.
coordinate_terms: pincushion
glosses: To assume the shape of a barrel; specifically, of the image on a computer display, television, etc., to exhibit barrel distortion, where the sides bulge outwards.
Related terms: cooper
puncheon
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpʌntʃən/
rhymes: -ʌntʃən
Forms: form: puncheons
form: punchion
Etymology: From Middle English punchoun, from Anglo-Norman ponchon, pounceon et al., and Middle French ponçon, poinchon et al., from Old French ponchon, from Latin pūnctiōnem (“act of piercing”). Doublet of punction. Related to Middle High German punze (“chisel; burin, graver”), ponze (“puncheon, standardized cask”), German Punze (“puncheon, punch, counter”).
Senses: glosses: A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.
examples: text: he chose to regard [his father] with a lowering and suspicious mien, unless it were in the dead hours of the night, when he developed a morbid craving to be trotted back and forth and up and down the puncheon floor [...].
ref: 1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 7:
glosses: A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; an intermediate stud.
glosses: A piece of roughly dressed timber with one face finished flat (by either hewing or sawing).
glosses: A split log or heavy slab of timber with the face smoothed, used especially for flooring but also for log cabin walls, piers, or plank roads.
glosses: A walkway or short, low footbridge over wet ground constructed with such timbers, made by laying one or more planks or dressed timbers over sills set directly on the ground; also called duck boards, bog boards, or bog bridge.
glosses: A short low bridge of similar construction. Also called puncheon bridge.
examples: text: Once in the Grenada islands, when I and above eight others were pulling a large boat with two puncheons of water in it, a surf struck us, and drove the boat and all in it about half a stone's throw, among some trees, and above the high water mark.
ref: 1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 6, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:
text: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:
text: Then he went to the scullery, wetted his hands, scooped the last white dough out of the punchion, and dropped it in a baking-tin.
ref: 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 8, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:
synonyms: tertian
tercian
hypernyms: cask
coordinate_terms: word: rundlet
english: in order of increasing volume
translation: in order of increasing volume
word: ;
word: barrel
word: ;
word: tierce
word: ;
word: hogshead
word: ;
word: pipe
word: butt
word: ;
word: tun
glosses: A cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure of capacity varying from 72 to 120 gallons.
Related terms: punch
tercian
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: tercians
Senses: examples: text: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:
glosses: Alternative spelling of tertian (“An English measure of capacity for liquids”).
Synonyms: puncheon
kilderkin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: kilderkins
form: kinderkin
Etymology: Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch kinderkin, a variant of kinerkijn, itself a diminutive of kintal. See quintal.
Senses: glosses: A small barrel.
examples: text: 1882: 23 Hen. VIII, cap. 4... The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9. But the barrel, kilderkin, and firkin of ale are to contain 32, 16, and 8 gallons. — James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, p. 205.
text: Barrels came in firkins, nine gallons; kilderkins, eighteen gallons; halves, twenty-seven gallons; barrels, thirty-six gallons and hogsheads, fifty-four.
ref: 1987, Keith Dunstan, The Amber Nectar, Ringwood: Vicking O'Neil, page 81:
glosses: An old English liquid measure, usually being half a barrel; containing 18 English beer gallons, or 83.178 L.
firkin
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈfɝkɪn/
ipa: /ˈfɜːkɪn/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)kɪn
Forms: form: firkins
Etymology: From Middle Dutch *vierdekijn, diminutive of vierde (“fourth”), from vier (“four”); equivalent to fourth + -kin.
Senses: examples: text: 23 Hen. VIII, cap. 4... The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9. But the barrel, kilderkin, and firkin of ale are to contain 32, 16, and 8 gallons.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 205:
text: But for his other guests he let bear in the massy cups of silver, and the great eared wine jars holding two firkins apiece, and he let pour forth to the Witches and the Foliots, and they drank the cup of memory unto King Gorice XI., slain that day by the hand of Goldry Bluszco.
ref: 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 31:
text: Barrels came in firkins, nine gallons; kilderkins, eighteen gallons; halves, twenty-seven gallons; barrels, thirty-six gallons and hogsheads, fifty-four.
ref: 1987, Keith Dunstan, The Amber Nectar, Ringwood: Vicking O'Neil, page 81:
glosses: A varying measure of capacity, usually being a quarter of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons.
glosses: A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, used for butter, lard, etc.
glosses: A measurement for the mass of butter, equalling 56 pounds.
falt
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: falts
Senses: examples: text: ...1 Hen. V, cap. 10... This statute also denounces the London falt, which contained nine bushels, and a practice which had grown up in the city of making sellers of corn not only submit to this extra measure, but to a tax for measuring corn.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 205:
glosses: An old English measure of wheat in London containing 9 bushels.
windle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɪndəl/
rhymes: -ɪndəl
Forms: form: windles
Etymology: Perhaps from wind.
Senses: examples: text: The modus operandi somewhat recalls the stratagem of Gideon, for the birds—chiefly thrushes, blackbirds, fieldfares, redwings (locally "windles"), and starlings (smaller birds being disregarded)—terrified by the noise, and dazed by the lantern glare, suffered themselves to be taken by the hand, or, if roosting aloft, as was the case on still nights, to be knocked down with the poles which the lads carried.
ref: 1908, W. F. Rose, edited by William White, Notes and queries, page 48:
glosses: The redwing.
windle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɪndəl/
rhymes: -ɪndəl
Forms: form: windles
Etymology: From Middle English windle, windel, from Old English windel (“basket”), from Proto-West Germanic *windil, from Proto-Germanic *windilaz (“wrap; diaper; plaitwork; basket”), equivalent to wind + -le. Related to Old English windan (“to wind, twist”).
Senses: glosses: A basket.
examples: text: In the Derby household book of 1561, wheat, malt, and oats are sold by the quarter and the windle, in which the quarter clearly contained sixteen windles, and must have been a wholly different measure from that which we are familiar.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 208:
text: On 16th September, 1622, he caused his steward and clerk of the market to alter all the measures and weights for corn, &c., from windles, affondolls, &c., and reduce them to the Winchester measure of 2 gallons to the peck and 8 gallons to the bushell, and 4 bushells to the sack, and 2 sacks to the quarter ; whereas before they sold by affondolls, whereof 4 made a windle (whereof 3 quarters make a new or Winchester bushell) and 4 of those windles made but one old bushell.
ref: 1889, The Chetham Society, Remains, Historical and Literary, Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester:
glosses: An old English measure of corn, half a bushel.
windle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɪndəl/
rhymes: -ɪndəl
Forms: form: windles
Etymology: From Middle English windel, shortened from Old English windelstrēaw (“windlestraw, coarse grass or reed”).
Senses: examples: text: We rode by the side of a barren mountain, which was covered to an extent of three miles with quartz, and produced little or no herbage, except a species of wiry or windle-grass, which was much parched by the sun.
ref: 1812, John Mawe, Travels in the Interior of Brazil:
text: Some of them saw nothing more but some windle straws (larsar lena) blowing round the floor, but she I spoke to saw distinctly troops of fairies riding round on horses no bigger than small birds.
ref: 1859, Walter Thornbury, “A Car-Full of Fairies”, in Charles Dickens, editor, All the Year Round, volume 1, page 215:
text: Windles. Plantago lanceolata, L.—A general name for the dry stalks of many grasses and several other pasture plants.
ref: 1886, A Glossary of Devonshire Plant Names, page 495:
text: There are many locally distinctive names for landscape features: 'ball' for a rounded hillside spur such as Wimbleball, which means the ball where windle grass grows […]
ref: 2001, Brian Pearce, Exmoor: The Official National Park Guide, page 50:
glosses: Any dried-out grass leaf or stalk in a field.
examples: text: That he has given a fair character of the Crested dog's tail, I have proved by repeated experiments; in the North of Ireland, we know its panicles but two well, under the name of windle straws.
ref: 1813, The Repertory of arts and manufactures:
glosses: Any dried-out grass leaf or stalk in a field.
Also any of several species of grasses that leave such leaves or stalks, such as dog-tail grass, Plantago lanceolata.
glosses: Bent grass (Agrostis spp.).
windle
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɪndəl/
rhymes: -ɪndəl
Forms: form: windles
Etymology: From Middle English windel, from Old Norse vindla (“to wind up”) or Middle Dutch windelen (“to turn around, spin”). Related to Old English windelstān (“tower with a winding staircase”), bewindla (“a hedge or border”), hringġewindla (“a sphere”).
Senses: examples: text: A car-brake shalt provided with a tapering windle connected at its largest portion with a brake-chain which is thickest at the end nearest the windle, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
ref: 1885, Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office:
text: They hoary women, past now age and spent, By cranks and windles, from those perilous rocks ; Aye crying, like to one wildered, were those wands...
ref: 1944, William Henry Gardner, Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889): a study of poetic idiosyncrasy in relation to poetic tradition, page 260:
text: 'And he took one handes pike,' Titus continues,' and this exate an other, to wind about the windles (windlass), to bring the cable in and way the anker.'
ref: 1979, Evelyn Berckman, Victims of piracy: the Admiralty Court, 1575-1678, page 78:
glosses: A windlass.
examples: text: She comes—she comes—God's sake speak her fair and canny, or we will have a ravelled hasp on the yarn-windles.
ref: 1822, Sir Walter Scott, The Pirate:
text: After this she took a pair of yarn windles, which she nine times unintermittedly veered and frisked about; then at the ninth revolution or turn, without touching them any more, maturely perpending the manner of their motion, she very demurely waited on their repose and cessation from any further stirring.
ref: 1838, François Rabelais, The Romance of Gargantua and Pantagruel, page 356:
text: The second part of the improvements relates to the special arrangement for removing the skeins from above the windle without taking the latter from its supports, (see Fig. 8).
ref: 1881, Scientific American: Supplement - Volume 11, page 4229:
text: This axis is furnished with a cog wheel controlling a series of others, which, in their turn, put in motion the needle of an indicator; when the needle has executed a complete revolution, corresponding to 400 turns of the windle, a catch stops the machine instantaneously and throws the windle out of gear.
ref: 1898, United States Dept. of State Bureau of Statistics, Special consular reports - Volumes 14-15, page 137:
glosses: A reel for winding something into a bundle, such as winding string or yarn into skeins or straw into bundles.
windle
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈwɪndəl/
rhymes: -ɪndəl
Forms: form: windles
form: windling
form: windled
form: windled
Etymology: From Middle English windel, from Old Norse vindla (“to wind up”) or Middle Dutch windelen (“to turn around, spin”). Related to Old English windelstān (“tower with a winding staircase”), bewindla (“a hedge or border”), hringġewindla (“a sphere”).
Senses: glosses: To bind straw into bundles.
glosses: To wind yarn.
glosses: To whirl around in the air; (of snow) to drift.
wey
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: wā
ipa: /weɪ/
rhymes: -eɪ
homophone: way
homophone: weigh
homophone: whey (wine–whine merger)
Forms: form: weys
Etymology: From Middle English weie, waie, weihe, wæȝe, from Old English wǣġ (“a weight; a tool for weighing, balance, scale”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāgu, from Proto-Germanic *wēgō (“scales; weight”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, bring, transport”). Cognate with German Waage (“weight”), Icelandic vág (“a weight”).
Senses: examples: text: Than though I hadde this wouke ywonne a weye of Essex cheese.
ref: c. 1376, William Langland, The Vision of Piers Plowman, Version B, Passus 5, Line 91
text: Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6½ tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. […] It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.
ref: 1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volume 27, page 202:
text: Cheese and salt are purchased by the wey of two hundredweight, or by the stone of fourteen pounds.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 208:
text: WEY, WEIGH, an English measure of weight; for wool, equal to 6½ tods of 28 lbs.; a load or five quarters of wheat; 40 bushels of salt, each 56 lbs.; 32 cloves of cheese, each 7 lbs.; 48 bushels of oats and barley; 2 to 3 cwt. of butter.
ref: 1858, Peter Lund Simmonds, The Dictionary of Trade Products, Manufacturing, and Technical Terms, page 410:
glosses: An old English measure of weight containing 224 pounds; equivalent to 2 hundredweight.
pondus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpɑndəs/
ipa: /ˈpɒndəs/
rhymes: (General American) -ɑndəs
Etymology: From Latin pondus (“a weight”).
Senses: examples: text: The pondus of wool at Alton Barnes and Stert is three cloves or 21 pounds.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 208:
glosses: An old English measure of weight, usually of wool, perhaps equal to 3 cloves.
Related terms: pondus Judaeus
chaldron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chaldrons
Etymology: A collateral form of cauldron.
Senses: examples: text: The celdra or chaldron is employed in some places, especially at Finchale or Wearmouth. It appears to contain four quarters or thereabouts, and is perhaps the original measure of which the quarter is a fraction.
ref: 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 208:
text: The visitors recorded that it [Locomotion] could haul 20 wagons, each holding one Newcastle chaldron of coal (53 cwt.).
ref: 1950 November, “Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns Limited”, in Railway Magazine, page 724:
text: ????, De Colange.
In the United States the chaldron is ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs.
text: Another site of early railway enterprise to be upgraded to 2* before benefiting from restoration (which would remove it from the 2024 at-risk register) is the S&DR [Stockton & Darlington Railway] coal drops, located in Shildon's Locomotive museum. After it was upgraded in 2021 […], 2022 research by Historic England found that the drops, constructed in 1847, were the world's first attempt at mechanising locomotive refuelling. The drops worked by chaldron wagons being taken up the incline, and their loads dropped down chutes into tenders of steam locomotives waiting below.
ref: 2025 February 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railway heritage saved in 2024”, in RAIL, number 1028, page 54:
glosses: An old English dry measure, containing four quarters. At London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exclusively for coal and coke.
chaldron
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: chaldrons
Senses: examples: text: Hovv fare I? troth, for ſixpence a meale, vvench, as vvel as heart can vviſh, vvith Calves Chaldrons, and Chitterlings, beſides I haue a Punck after ſupper, as good as a roſted Apple.
ref: 1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature B, verso:
text: To Lift a Swan. […] [P]lace the tvvo halves, ſlit ſide dovvnvvard, ſtrevv ſome Salt and Cinnamon about it, and ſerve up Chaldron Sauce, in Saucers, Garniſhing vvith VVater-Lillies, VVater-Creſſes, or any ſuitable flovvers, or greens, grovving in or by the vvater.
ref: 1701, “a lady” [pseudonym], “The Termes and Art of Carving of Fowl, Fish, Flesh, &c. With Proper Sauces, and Garnishings, More Particularly than yet Mentioned. Also the Like in Pastry, Sweetmeats, and Other Rarities.”, in The Whole Duty of a Woman: Or A Guide to the Female Sex. From the Age of Sixteen to Sixty, &c. […], 3rd edition, London: […] J. Guillim, […], →OCLC, page 139:
text: Chitterling. […] The small entrails of a hog, from their wrinkled appearance. […] [German] kalbs gekröse, a calf's pluck or chaldron; gänse gekröse, a goose's giblets, called chitters in the N[orth] of E[ngland].
ref: 1859, Hensleigh Wedgwood, “Chitterling”, in A Dictionary of English Etymology, volume I (A–D), London: Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 335:
glosses: Alternative form of chawdron.