cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
dispute
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈpjuːt/
ipa: /ˈdɪs.pjuːt/
ipa: /ˈdɪs.pjut/
ipa: /dɪsˈpjut/
ipa: /dɪsˈpjʉːt/
ipa: /ˈdɪs.pjʉːt/
ipa: /dɪsˈpjuːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: disputes
form: disputing
form: disputed
form: disputed
Etymology: From Middle English disputen, from Old French desputer (French disputer), from Latin disputāre (“to dispute, discuss, examine, compute, estimate”), from dis- (“apart”) + putāre (“to reckon, consider, think, originally make clean, clear up”), related to purus (“pure”). Compare compute, count, impute, repute, amputate, etc.
Senses: examples: text: "Now, though thy thoughts are green and tender, as becometh one so young, yet are they those of a thinking brain, and in truth thou dost bring back to my mind certain of those old philosophers with whom in days bygone I have disputed at Athens, and at Becca in Arabia, for thou hast the same crabbed air and dusty look, as though thou hadst passed thy days in reading ill-writ Greek, and been stained dark with the grime of manuscripts."
ref: 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
glosses: to contend in argument; to argue against something maintained, upheld, or claimed, by another.
examples: text: Some residents disputed the proposal, saying it was based more on emotion than fact.
glosses: to make a subject of disputation; to argue pro and con; to discuss
examples: text: to dispute assertions or arguments
text: to seize goods under the disputed authority of writs of assistance
ref: 1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:
glosses: to oppose by argument or assertion; to controvert; to express dissent or opposition to; to call in question; to deny the truth or validity of
examples: text: to dispute the possession of the ground with the Spaniards
ref: 1855–1858, William H[ickling] Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, →OCLC:
glosses: to strive or contend about; to contest
examples: text: Dispute it [grief] like a man.
ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
glosses: to struggle against; to resist
Derived terms: disputability
disputably
indisputably
industrial dispute
nondisputing
redispute
undisputing
Related terms: disputable
disputant
disputation
disputatious
disputative
disputedly
disqualification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /dɪsˌkwɑːləfɪˈkeɪʃn/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: disqualifications
Etymology: From dis- + qualification.
Senses: examples: text: the disqualification of certain people for holding certain positions
text: Henry won the match due to the disqualification of his opponent.
glosses: The act of disqualifying, or the state of being disqualified
examples: text: Conviction of crime is a disqualification of a person for office.
text: Sickness is a disqualification for labor.
glosses: That which disqualifies; that which causes someone to be unfit for a certain purpose or role
topics: ball-games
basketball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
synonyms: fouling out
glosses: The act of being forbidden from further play in a basketball game due to the accumulation of too many personal fouls.
Derived terms: nondisqualification
disquiet
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈkwaɪ.ɪt/
note: weak vowel merger
ipa: /dɪsˈkwaɪ.ət/
rhymes: -aɪət
Forms: form: disquiets
Etymology: From dis- + quiet.
Senses: examples: text: My journey had been my own suggestion, and Elizabeth therefore acquiesced, but she was filled with disquiet at the idea of my suffering, away from her, the inroads of misery and grief.
ref: 1818, anonymous [Mary Shelley], Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, London: Printed for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, →OCLC:
text: Every house has its skeleton in it somewhere, and it may be a comfort to some unhappy folks to think that the luckier and most wealthy of their neighbours have their miseries and causes of disquiet.
ref: 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 24, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
text: I wish to say in regard to the alleged matter of disquiet in this Church, that when I received the postal card that was sent, I suppose, to all the clergy of the Church, I could not but feel in my heart that the three distinguished gentlemen who signed that postal card, or whose names were attached to it, and put it forth, were disquieting the Church much more than the Prayer-Book.
ref: 1874, Debates of the House of Deputies in the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Held in New York City, October, A.D. 1874, as Reported for “The Churchman,” by D. F. Murphy & Co., Hartford, Conn.: M. H. Mallory and Company, Printers, →OCLC, page 290:
synonyms: anxiety
disturbance
restlessness
uneasiness
glosses: Lack of quiet; absence of tranquility in body or mind
disrepute
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsɹɪˈpjuːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Etymology: From dis- + repute.
Senses: examples: text: Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get; what you get is classical alpha-taxonomy which is, very largely and for sound reasons, in disrepute today.
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:
text: The belief in astrology was almost universal in the middle of the seventeenth century; it began to waver and become doubtful towards the close of that period, and in the beginning of the eighteenth the art fell into general disrepute, and even under general ridicule.
ref: 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:
synonyms: disesteem
discredit
glosses: Loss or want of reputation; ill character.
Synonyms: word: discredit
word: disesteem
word: disfavour
word: disgrace
word: dishonour
word: disrepute
word: ill fame
word: ill repute
word: infamy
word: notoriety
Meronyms: word: bad name
word: blot
word: stigma
disrepute
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsɹɪˈpjuːt/
rhymes: -uːt
Forms: form: disreputes
form: disreputing
form: disreputed
form: disreputed
Etymology: From dis- + repute.
Senses: glosses: To bring into disrepute; to hold in dishonor.
dissector
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈsɛkt.ə/
ipa: /daɪˈsɛkt.ə/
ipa: /dɪˈsɛkt.ɚ/
ipa: /daɪˈsɛkt.ɚ/
Forms: form: dissectors
Etymology: From dissect + -or.
Senses: glosses: One who dissects; an anatomist.
Derived terms: cryodissect
dissectability
dissectable
dissecter
dissective
equidissectable
hydrodissect
immunodissect
microdissect
redissect
subdissect
dissemination
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌsɛmɪˈneɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: disseminations
Etymology: From Latin dissēminātus (“broadcast”), past participle of dissēmināre, from dis- (“in all directions”) + sēmināre (“to plant or propagate”), from sēmen, sēminis (“seed”).
Senses: examples: text: There was a third class, small indeed when compared to those vast multitudes actuated by fanaticism or interest, but destined to exercise the most beneficial and lasting influence—the reflecting and theoretic few, who saw in universal freedom the only tie between man and his kind—the only rational hope whereon to ground the dissemination of equitable principles among the human race.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 254–255:
glosses: The act of disseminating, or the state of being disseminated; diffusion for propagation and permanence; a scattering or spreading abroad, as of ideas, beliefs, etc.
Derived terms: autodissemination
disseminate
disseminational
microdissemination
nondissemination
predissemination
redissemination
disseveration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: disseverations
Senses: glosses: The act of dissevering; disseverance.
dissimilation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪsɪmɪˈleɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: dissimilations
Etymology: From dis- + -similation, after assimilation.
Senses: glosses: The act of dissimilating, of making dissimilar.
topics: biology
microbiology
natural-sciences
glosses: A dissimilatory process that supply a cell with energy only without the assimilation of nutrients.
examples: text: Brimstone is "properly" *brinstone, displaying an ancient careless pronunciation made respectable by being called "dissimilation".
ref: 1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 112:
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
glosses: A phenomenon where one of a pair of similar adjacent consonant or vowel sounds in a word becomes less similar.
Derived terms: dissimilational
Related terms: dissimilarity
dissimilitude
dissimilation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪsɪmɪˈleɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Senses: glosses: Misspelling of dissimulation.
dissociation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/
ipa: /dɪˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/
ipa: /dɪˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: dissociations
Etymology: Borrowed from French dissociation, from Latin dissociātiō(n).
Senses: examples: text: A general observation in memory studies of individuals with ASD is that they tend to experience greater difficulties on tests of free recall than tests of recognition or cued recall (Boucher, Mayes, & Bigham, 2012). In its own right, this pattern suggests greater difficulties with retrieval through recollection than through familiarity, but there is also more direct evidence for this dissociation.
ref: 2018 May 15, Sebastian B. Gaigg, Dermot M. Bowler, “A Relational Processing Framework of Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder”, in Jonni L. Johnson, Gail S. Goodman, Peter C. Mundy, editors, The Wiley Handbook of Memory, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and the Law, →DOI, page 15:
synonyms: disassociation
glosses: The act of dissociating or disuniting; a state of separation; disunion.
examples: text: the dissociation of the sulphur molecules
text: the dissociation of ammonium chloride into hydrochloric acid and ammonia
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: The process by which a compound body breaks up into simpler constituents; said particularly of the action of heat on gaseous or volatile substances.
examples: text: Project MONARCH could be best described as a form of structured dissociation and occultic integration, carried out in order to compartmentalize the mind into multiple personalities within a systematic framework.
ref: 1999, Joan d'Arc, Al Hidell, The Conspiracy Reader: From the Deaths of JFK and John Lennon to Government-Sponsored Alien Cover-Ups:
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: A defence mechanism where certain thoughts or mental processes are compartmentalised in order to avoid emotional stress to the conscious mind.
Derived terms: acid dissociation constant
bond dissociation energy
dissociational
dissociation energy
dissociation reaction
photodissociation
predissociation
vibrodissociation
Related terms: dissociate
dissociative
distillation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪstɪˈleɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌdɪstɪˈleɪʃən/
ipa: /dɪstɪˈlæɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: distillations
Etymology: From Middle English distillacioun, from Anglo-Norman distillacioun, from Latin distīllātiōnem, accusative of distīllātiō.
Senses: glosses: The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.
glosses: That which falls in drops.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
qualifier: chemical engineering
glosses: The separation of more volatile parts of a substance from less volatile ones by evaporation and condensation.
Purification through repeated or continuous distilling; rectification.
topics: chemistry
geography
geology
natural-sciences
petrochemistry
petrology
physical-sciences
qualifier: chemical engineering
glosses: The separation of more volatile parts of a substance from less volatile ones by evaporation and condensation.
Separation of petroleum into specific hydrocarbon groups; fractionation.
examples: text: to be stopped in, like a strong distillation, with stinking / clothes that fretted in their own grease.
ref: c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v], line 104:
text: Then, were not summer's distillation left,
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass […]
ref: 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 5”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
glosses: The substance extracted by distilling.
examples: text: Distillation is often used to train new systems. If a company takes data from proprietary technology, the practice may be legally problematic. But it is often allowed by open source technologies.
ref: 2025 January 29, Cade Metz, “OpenAI Says DeepSeek May Have Improperly Harvested Its Data”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
qualifier: machine learning
glosses: The transformation of a complex large language model into a smaller one.
Hyponyms: destructive distillation
dry distillation
fractional distillation
freeze distillation
membrane distillation
salt-effect distillation
steam distillation
vacuum distillation
Derived terms: bidistillation
codistillation
cryodistillation
destructive distillation
distillation chaser
dry distillation
fractional distillation
freeze distillation
global distillation
hydrodistillation
membrane distillation
microdistillation
predistillation
redistillation
salt-effect distillation
steam distillation
vacuum distillation
disinter
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜː(ɹ)/
Forms: form: disinters
form: disinterring
form: disinterred
form: disinterred
Etymology: Borrowed from French désenterrer.
Senses: synonyms: unbury
exhume
dig up
antonyms: inter
glosses: To take out of the grave or tomb.
examples: text: Why disinter dead faith from mouldering hidden?
ref: 1870, James Thomson, The City of Dreadful Night:
text: At this moment, however, the rooms bore every mark of having been recently and hurriedly ransacked; clothes lay about the floor, with their pockets inside out; lock-fast drawers stood open; and on the hearth there lay a pile of grey ashes, as though many papers had been burned. From these embers the inspector disinterred the butt end of a green cheque book, which had resisted the action of the fire.
ref: 1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC:
text: In his lectures he is equally wide-ranging and allusive, making strange links and analogies between apparently unrelated texts and ideas, and disinterring etymologies which writers cannot have been aware of.
ref: 2001 May 12, Robert Potts, “The poet at play”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: To bring out, as from a grave or hiding place; to bring from obscurity into view.
Derived terms: disinterment
disparage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈpæɹɪd͡ʒ/
Etymology: From Middle English disparage (noun), disparagen (verb), from Old French desparage (noun), desparagier (verb), from des- (“dis-”) + parage (“equal rank, rank”).
Senses: examples: text: But, for his meane degree might not aspire / To match so high, her friends with counsell sage / Dissuaded her from such a disparage […]
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: Inequality in marriage; marriage with an inferior.
disparage
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪsˈpæɹɪd͡ʒ/
Forms: form: disparages
form: disparaging
form: disparaged
form: disparaged
Etymology: From Middle English disparage (noun), disparagen (verb), from Old French desparage (noun), desparagier (verb), from des- (“dis-”) + parage (“equal rank, rank”).
Senses: examples: text: Alas! that any of my nation
Should ever so foul disparaged be.
ref: 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wife of Bath’s Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Charles Cowden Clarke, editor, The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. […], 2nd edition, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), Edinburgh: James Nichol; London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: W. Robertson, 1860, →OCLC:
glosses: To match unequally; to degrade or dishonor.
examples: text: August 30, 1706, Francis Atterbury, a sermon preach'd in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, at the funeral of Mr. Tho. Bennet
those forbidding appearances which sometimes disparage the actions of men sincerely pious
text: Thou durst not thus disparage glorious arms.
ref: 1671, John Milton, Samson Agonistes:
glosses: To dishonor by a comparison with what is inferior; to lower in rank or estimation by actions or words; to speak slightingly of; to depreciate; to undervalue.
examples: text: Had he disparaged my personal appearance I should in all probability have laughed at him with lively indifference
ref: 1878, Mrs. Forrest-Grant, Riversdale Court: A Novel:
glosses: To ridicule, mock, discredit.
Derived terms: disparageable
disparagement
disparager
disparaging
undisparaged
Related terms: vilipend
belittle
denigrate
excoriate
dispersal
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)səl
homophone: disbursal
Forms: form: dispersals
Etymology: From disperse + -al.
Senses: examples: text: For a time, Okeh picked up the disk for national dispersal.
ref: 1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 145:
text: Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.
ref: 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
glosses: The act or result of dispersing or scattering; dispersion.
examples: text: Problems of control in dispersals and in other prisons necessarily instigated a multiplicity of working theories to explain the difficulties […]
ref: 2012, D. Drake, Prisons, Punishment and the Pursuit of Security:
glosses: A dispersal prison.
Derived terms: codispersal
dispersal accommodation
dispersalism
dispersalist
geodispersal
nondispersal
overdispersal
postdispersal
predispersal
radiological dispersal device
redispersal
diverse
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪˈvɜːs/
ipa: /ˈdaɪ.vɜːs/
ipa: /daɪˈvɝs/
ipa: /ˈdaɪ.vɝs/
ipa: /dɪˈvɝs/
ipa: /ˈdəˈvɝs/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s
Forms: form: more diverse
form: most diverse
Etymology: PIE word
 *dwóh₁
The adjective is derived from Middle English divers, diverse (“different, divergent”), from Anglo-Norman divers, Anglo-Norman divers, and Old French divers (“different; of various kinds”) (modern French divers), and directly from their etymon Latin dīversus (“different, diverse”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of dīvertō (“to divert, turn away”), from dī- (variant of dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, in two’)) + vertō (“to turn”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to rotate; to turn”)). Doublet of divert.
The adverb is derived from Middle English diverse (“differently; at various times”), from divers, diverse (adjective) (see above).
Senses: examples: text: [The river in the Garden of Eden] novv divided into four main Streams, / Runs divers, vvandring many a famous Realme / And Country vvhereof here needs no account, […]
ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature M2, verso, lines 233–235:
text: The Gourd, / And thirſty Cucumer, vvhen they perceive / Th' approaching Olive, vvith Reſentment fly / Her fatty Fibres, and vvith Tendrils creep / Diverſe, deteſting Contact; […]
ref: 1708, [John Philips], “Book I”, in Cyder. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 17:
text: To ſeize his papers, Curl, vvas next thy care; / His papers light, fly diverſe, toſt in air: […]
ref: 1729, [Alexander Pope], “Book the Second”, in The Dunciad. With Notes Variorum, and the Prolegomena of Scriblerus, London: […] Lawton Gilliver […], →OCLC, page 99, lines 105–106:
glosses: Synonym of diversely (“in different directions”).
synonyms: word: diversely
extra: in different directions
divest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪˈvɛst/
ipa: /dɪˈvɛst/
rhymes: -ɛst
Forms: form: divests
form: divesting
form: divested
form: divested
Etymology: Alteration of devest, from Middle French devester (“strip of possessions”), from Old French desvestir, from des- (“dis-”) + vestir (“to clothe”).
Senses: examples: text: You shall never divest me of my right to free speech.
text: When I wake up, I make a point to divest myself of all my prejudices, ready to start the day.
synonyms: deprive
dispossess
glosses: To strip, deprive, or dispossess (someone) of something (such as a right, passion, privilege, or prejudice).
examples: text: In 2011, the company divested an 81% majority stake in its foreign subsidiary.
text: Glasgow will become the first university in Europe to divest from fossil fuels.
text: It is argued that from a fiscal point of view, governments should divest only if this leads to an improvement in the intertemporal budget constraint. However, it is shown that policymakers are instead inclined to divest public assets as a means of […]
ref: 2011, Alfred Schipke, Why Do Governments Divest?: The Macroeconomics of Privatization, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 6:
text: Building from this argument, we can now turn to arguing the moral case why individuals should divest from fossil fuels. We can flesh out what is wrong with continuing investments in the fossil fuel industry in terms of the role that an agent […]
ref: 2018, Ravi Kanbur, Henry Shue, Climate Justice: Integrating Economics and Philosophy, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 146:
topics: business
finance
synonyms: sell off
antonyms: invest
glosses: To sell off or be rid of through sale, especially of a subsidiary.
examples: text: Having divested the child he kissed her gently and gave her a little pat to make her stand off.
ref: 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:
synonyms: undress
disrobe
antonyms: dress
glosses: To undress.
Derived terms: divestable
divester
divestible
divestitive
divestiture
divestive
divestment
divestor
undivested
Related terms: word: disinvest
english: a common misspelling
translation: a common misspelling
word: deinvest
diversification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˌvɝsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /daɪˌvɝsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: diversifications
Etymology: From Medieval Latin diversificatiō, from diversificātus, past participle of diversificō (“diversify”), from Latin diversus (“turned in different ways”) + faciō (“make, do”). By surface analysis, diverse + -ification.
Senses: examples: text: In 2024, the campaigns are against video game consulting companies such as Sweet Baby for performing what some gamers believe is “forced diversification.”
ref: 2024 August 14, Vittoria Elliott, “Gamergate’s Aggrieved Men Still Haunt the Internet”, in WIRED:
glosses: The act, or the result, of diversifying.
glosses: A corporate strategy in which a company acquires or establishes a business other than that of its current product.
topics: business
finance
coordinate_terms: hedge
hedging
glosses: An investment strategy involving investing in a range of assets with differing features in order to reduce specific risk.
Derived terms: antidiversification
biodiversification
codiversification
glycodiversification
hyperdiversification
magic of diversification
nondiversification
overdiversification
rediversification
time diversification
underdiversification
under-diversification
divorcee
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪvɔːˈsiː/
ipa: /dɪvɔɹˈsi/
ipa: /-eɪ/
rhymes: -iː
rhymes: -eɪ
Forms: form: divorcees
form: divorcée
Etymology: Borrowed from French divorcée, equivalent to divorce + -ee.
Senses: glosses: A divorced person.
Hyponyms: word: divorcé
word: divorcée
document
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: dŏ'kyo͝omənt
ipa: /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/
enpr: dä'kyo͝omənt
ipa: /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/
enpr: dŏ'kyo͝omĕnt
ipa: /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/
enpr: dä'kyo͝omĕnt
ipa: /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/
Forms: form: documents
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French document, from Latin documentum.
Senses: examples: text: Saint Luke […] collected them from such documents and testimonies as he […] judged to be authentic.
ref: 1794, William Paley, View of the Evidences of Christianity:
glosses: An original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information pertinent to such proof or support.
glosses: Any material substance on which the information is represented by writing.
examples: text: That exception is the HTML <IMG> tag–which transcludes an image into the context of the document. The image itself is neither embedded within the document nor copied—it is transcluded.
ref: 2012, Julie A. Jacko, editor, Human Computer Interaction Handbook, 3rd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 571:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: A file that contains text.
examples: text: This study examines video game photography as a documentary practice. […] The three themes from this study's findings – that video game photographs act as (1) vehicles for storytelling, (2) creative trophies, and (3) aesthetic tokens – reveal how personally meaningful documents emerge from this medium.
ref: 2022 July 15, Alex Urban, “Mementos from digital worlds: Video game photography as documentation”, in Journal of Documentation, →DOI, →ISSN, Abstract:
topics: computing
engineering
human-sciences
information-science
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: An object conveying information by whatever means, capable of being indexed alongside other similar objects.
examples: text: And particularly they should take care that the memory of the learner be not too much crowded with a tumultuous heap or overbearing multitude of documents or ideas at one time.
ref: 1741, Isaac Watts, The Improvement of the Mind:
glosses: That which is taught or authoritatively set forth; precept; instruction; dogma.
examples: text: They were forthwith stoned to death, as a document to others.
ref: 1614, Sir Walter Raleigh, The Historie of the World:
glosses: An example for instruction or warning.
Hyponyms: here document
Web document
Derived terms: ancient document
doculect
documental
documentality
documentarian
documentary
document camera
document management system
documentology
document-oriented
document retrieval
document structuring
document-style
e-document
here-document
hyperdocument
identity document
interdocument
intradocument
liquid document
metadocument
microdocument
multidocument
multidocuments
source document
subdocument
travel document
Related terms: docent
docile
doctor
doctorate
doctrinaire
doctrinal
doctrine
indoctrinate
document
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: dŏ'kyo͝omənt
ipa: /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/
enpr: dä'kyo͝omənt
ipa: /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/
enpr: dŏ'kyo͝omĕnt
ipa: /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/
enpr: dä'kyo͝omĕnt
ipa: /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/
Forms: form: documents
form: documenting
form: documented
form: documented
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French document, from Latin documentum.
Senses: examples: text: He documented each step of the process as he did it, which was good when the investigation occurred.
text: The relationship between memory as lived and history as documented is always a complex dialogue — each informing, and disinforming, the other.
ref: 2009 May 18, Henry Greenspan, “Of Memory and Israel”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 26 Nov 2022:
text: “Natural languages are adequate, but that doesn’t mean they’re optimal,” John Quijada, a fifty-three-year-old former employee of the California State Department of Motor Vehicles, told me. In 2004, he published a monograph on the Internet that was titled “Ithkuil: A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language.” Written like a linguistics textbook, the fourteen-page Web site ran to almost a hundred and sixty thousand words. It documented the grammar, syntax, and lexicon of a language that Quijada had spent three decades inventing in his spare time.
ref: 2012 December 24, Joshua Foer, “Utopian for Beginners”, in The New Yorker, archived from the original on 30 Jul 2018:
text: Significantly, on documenting Thomas's subsequent outlawry and Margery's waivery, the court clerk recorded that it was not known whether they had any chattels because they were strangers.
ref: 2015, Louise J. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire, page 92:
glosses: To record in documents.
examples: text: A ship should be documented according to the directions of law.
glosses: To furnish with documents or papers necessary to establish facts or give information.
Derived terms: documentability
documentable
documentation
documentor
misdocument
nondocumented
overdocument
overdocumented
photodocument
redocument
underdocumented
undocument
undocumented
dogmatism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɔɡ.məˌtɪz.əm/
ipa: /ˈdɑɡ.məˌtɪz.əm/
Forms: form: dogmatisms
Etymology: From French dogmatisme.
Senses: glosses: The manner or character of a dogmatist; arrogance or positiveness in stating opinion.
Derived terms: overdogmatism
dolly
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑli/
ipa: /ˈdɒli/
rhymes: -ɒli
Forms: form: dollies
form: dollying
form: dollied
form: dollied
form: dollie
Etymology: From doll + -y, from the given name Dorothy, originally applied either to a woman or female pet or to a children's toy, and expanded to refer to various types of contrivances or devices. The Online Etymology Dictionary, while considering the reason for applying it to such devices unobvious, compares how the names jack, jenny and jimmy are also applied to devices.
Senses: topics: ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To hit a dolly.
glosses: To move (an object) using a dolly.
glosses: To move a camera (usually toward or away from its subject) using a dolly.
glosses: To wash (laundry) in a tub using the stirring device called a dolly.
glosses: To beat (red-hot metal) with a hammer.
glosses: To crush ore with a dolly.
Derived terms: dollier
dolly
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑli/
ipa: /ˈdɒli/
rhymes: -ɒli
Forms: form: more dolly
form: most dolly
Etymology: Disputed. Most scholars derive the term from doll + -y, as Etymology 1, above. Linguist Ian Hancock, however, suggests derivation from Italian dolce (“sweet”).
Senses: examples: text: Divine. Sitting, sipping a tiny drinkette, vadaïng the great butch omis and dolly little palones trolling by, or disporting yourself on the sable plage getting your lallies all bronzed - your riah getting bleached by the soleil.
ref: 1967, Kenneth Horne, Bona Bijou Tourettes (Round the Horne), season 3, episode 12:
text: She minces past the brandy latch / to vada dolly dish for trade, silly / with oomph and taste to park.
ref: 2015 October 12, Adam Lowe, “Poem of the week: Vada That”, in The Guardian:
glosses: Pretty; attractive.
glosses: left-handed (also dolly-handed, dolly-pawed, dolly-posh)
dolly
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɑli/
ipa: /ˈdɒli/
rhymes: -ɒli
Forms: form: dollies
form: dally
Etymology: From Hindi डाली (ḍālī).
Senses: examples: text: In some parts of India the dolly has grown into an extravagance consisting sometimes of bushels of fruit, nuts, and confectionery, with bottles of champagne and liqueurs.
ref: 1891, Karl August Lentzner, Colonial English, page 65:
glosses: An offering of fruit or flowers.
doltish
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more doltish
form: most doltish
Etymology: From dolt + -ish.
Senses: examples: text: Take off thine eye! more intolerable than fiends' glarings is a doltish stare!
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
glosses: Like a dolt; dull in intellect; stupid.
Derived terms: doltishly
doltishness
domestication
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: domestications
Etymology: From domesticate + -ion.
Senses: glosses: The act of domesticating, or accustoming to home; the action of taming wild animals or breeding plants.
glosses: The act of domesticating, or making a legal instrument recognized and enforceable in a jurisdiction foreign to the one in which the instrument was originally issued or created.
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
translation-studies
glosses: The act of domesticating a text.
Derived terms: dedomestication
domestication syndrome
geodomestication
neodomestication
overdomestication
peridomestication
postdomestication
predomestication
self-domestication
semidomestication
undomestication
dominant
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒmɪnənt/
ipa: /ˈdɑmənənt/
Forms: form: dominants
Etymology: From Middle French dominant.
Senses: topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The fifth major tone of a musical scale (five major steps above the note in question); thus G is the dominant of C, A of D, and so on.
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: The triad built on the dominant tone.
examples: text: Finally, if we suppose provisionally that the mutant genes are dominant just as often as they are recessive, selection will be far more severe in eliminating the disadvantageous dominants than in eliminating the disadvantageous recessives.
ref: 1930, R. A. Fisher, J. H. Bennett, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, page 50:
topics: biology
genetics
medicine
natural-sciences
sciences
glosses: Of an allele, that a heterozygote for the allele has the same phenotype as the homozygote.
examples: text: Landowners cannot afford to cut submerchantable trees, yet many hesitate to cut merchantable dominants and codominants at the risk of downgrading the residual stand.
ref: 1966, John R. Bassett, Thinning loblolly pine from above and below, New Orleans, La: Southern Forest Experiment Station:
glosses: A species or organism that is dominant.
examples: text: This calendar is not for the faint of heart (unless you have some strong butch dominant to hold you while you swoon)
ref: 1988 December 25, Wickie Stamps, “Leather, Peace and Wombyn over Forty”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 24, page 7:
text: His story was a fable you told dominants in training to stress the importance of comprehending the depths of your submissive's needs.
ref: 2011, Jayne Rylon, Mistress's Master, page 65:
topics: BDSM
lifestyle
sexuality
antonyms: submissive#Noun
hyponyms: dominatrix
dominator
glosses: The dominating partner in sadomasochistic sexual activity.
Synonyms: dominator
Derived terms: secondary dominant
subdominant
dominant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈdɒmɪnənt/
ipa: /ˈdɑmənənt/
Forms: form: more dominant
form: most dominant
Etymology: From Middle French dominant.
Senses: examples: text: The dominant party controlled the government.
text: The member of a dominant race is, in his dealings with the subject race, seldom indeed fraudulent, […] but imperious, insolent, and cruel.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
glosses: Ruling; governing; prevailing
examples: text: The dominant plants of the Carboniferous were lycopods and early conifers.
text: All other elements are mere "impurities" when their abundances are compared with those of these two dominant elements.
ref: 2009, H. Stephen Stoker, General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, page 10:
text: It's the water that makes this area famous. […] That water is still being used to supply Blackford's two dominant industries, Tullibardine whisky distillery to the south of the village and, more significantly, Highland Spring Group's bottling plant to the north.
ref: 2023 December 27, Richard Foster, “New rail freight terminal leads the way”, in RAIL, number 999, page 38:
glosses: Predominant, common, prevalent, of greatest importance.
glosses: Preferred and used with greater dexterity than the other, as the right hand of a right-handed person or the left hand of a left-handed one.
raw_tags: of a body part
topics: medicine
sciences
glosses: Designating the follicle which will survive atresia and permit ovulation.
examples: Dominant seventh
topics: entertainment
lifestyle
music
glosses: Being the dominant
Synonyms: sense: ruling, governing
word: imposing
sense: predominant
word: prevalent
Derived terms: antidominant
codominant
co-dominant
dominance
dominantly
dominant seventh
dominant seventh chord
equidominant
eudominant
heterodominant
hyperdominant
immunodominant
monodominant
nondominant
overdominant
phenodominant
postdominant
pseudodominant
quasidominant
semidominant
serodominant
superdominant
transdominant
tremordominant
underdominant
undominant
douceur
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: douceurs
Etymology: Borrowed from French douceur (“sweetness”), from Old French dolçor, dulcur, etc., from Latin dulcōr + -em, from dulcis (“sweet”). Naturalized in Middle English as douceoure, dousour but treated as a French loanword from the 17th century onward. Doublet of dulcour.
Senses: glosses: Sweetness of manner: agreeableness, gentleness.
glosses: Sweet speech: a compliment.
examples: text: When Dangerfield put the little roll in his hand, Irons looked suspicious and frightened, and balanced it in his palm, as if he had thoughts of chucking it from him, as though it were literally a satanic douceur. But it is hard to part with money, and Irons, though he still looked cowed and unhappy, put the money into his breeches' pocket, and he made a queer bow […]
ref: 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:
glosses: A sweetener: a gift offered to sweeten another's attitude, a tip or bribe.
glosses: A tax break provided as an inducement to sell valuable items (especially art) to public collections rather than on the open market.
Synonyms: sense: sweet speech
word: praise
sense: sweetener
word: gift
word: gratuity
word: and Thesaurus:bribe
douche
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /duːʃ/
rhymes: -uːʃ
Forms: form: douches
Etymology: Borrowed from French douche (“shower”), from Italian doccia (“shower”).
Senses: examples: text: Massage, or kneading of the whole body, is carried out in this bath after which a steam douche or a warm spray is turned upon the affected parts, according to the nature of the case.
ref: 1892, Robert Ottiwell Gifford-Bennet, Buxton and its Medicinal Waters, London: John Heywood:
text: 1898 Selma Lagerlöf (trans. Pauline Bancroft Flach), The Story of Gösta Berling, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, Part II, Chapter I, p. 249 https://archive.org/details/storygstaberlin02lagegoog
Earth, the great mother, begins to live. Romping like a child she rises from her bath in the spring floods, from her douche in the spring rain.
text: In the bathroom, they immersed him in a tub of warm water, and then pulled him out and put him under a cold douche.
ref: 1973, Jaroslav Hašek, chapter 4, in Cecil Parrott, transl., The Good Soldier Švejk, London: William Heinemann, page 32:
glosses: A jet or current of water or vapour directed upon some part of the body to benefit it medicinally; in particular, such a jet directed at the vagina for irrigation.
glosses: Something that produces the jet or current in the previous sense, such as a syringe.
examples: text: A douche of spray blinded my brother for a moment. When his eyes were clear of that he saw the monster had passed and was rushing landward.
ref: 1895–1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Thunder-Child”, in “The War of the Worlds”, in Pearson’s, London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd, published 1897, page 77, column 1:
glosses: A jet or spray of any liquid.
examples: text: You say our records are offensive, (You're a douche, you're a douche.)
ref: 1991, “Startin' Up a Posse”, in Attack of the Killer B's, performed by Anthrax:
text: I am saying this to you, John Edward. You are a liar, you are a fake, and you are the biggest douche ever.
ref: 2002 November 27, Trey Parker, “The Biggest Douche in the Universe” (16:05), in South Park, season 6, episode 15, spoken by Stan:
text: I said I've got a penchant for smokes and kicking douches in the mouth / Sadly for you my last cigarette's gone out
ref: 2019, “Never Fight a Man With a Perm”, in Joy as an Act of Resistance, performed by Idles:
glosses: Ellipsis of douchebag (“objectionable person”).
Derived terms: douche bag
douchebag
douche boat
douchebro
doucheburger
douchecanoe
douche chills
doucheface
douchefag
douchehole
douchelord
doucheness
douche nozzle
douche-nozzle
doucher
douchery
douchetastic
douchetuber
douchewad
douchewaffle
douchewagon
douchey
douchy
megadouche
Related terms: doos
douche
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /duːʃ/
rhymes: -uːʃ
Forms: form: douches
form: douching
form: douched
form: douched
Etymology: Borrowed from French douche (“shower”), from Italian doccia (“shower”).
Senses: examples: text: […] a frizzy half-white woman who looked as if she had fallen into a flour-sack, her face was so deep in powder, and her frizzy hair and her brown silk dress so douched with the white dust of it.
ref: 1926, D. H. Lawrence, chapter II, in The Plumed Serpent, New York: Knopf:
text: Mrs. McLash's anger was gone completely, douched not nearly so much by the beer as by this attention to her son.
ref: 1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter VI, in Capricornia, page 81:
text: The boxes would reek of the smell of rich plum cake, with brandy or sherry douched over it.
ref: 1992, Edna O'Brien, chapter 9, in Time and Tide, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, page 66:
text: Tragedy acts then like a laxative […] or an aperient […] to douche our systems of humors and emotions that unbalance the soul, so that we may return to the virtuous golden mean, to homeostatic equilibrium.
ref: 2007, Valerie Allen, On Farting: Language and Laughter in the Middle Ages, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, page 153:
glosses: To administer a douche to; to shower; to douse
examples: text: (In a 2002 study, 58.5 percent of Black women reported douching and 35.6 percent of Hispanic women said they did the same, compared with 26.6 percent of white women.)
ref: 2023 October 1, Jordyn Holman, “Gen Z Wants Feminine Care Brands to Just Say Vagina”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:
glosses: To use a douche.
Derived terms: douche down
undouched
douse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: daus
ipa: /daʊs/
rhymes: -aʊs
Forms: form: douses
form: dousing
form: doused
form: doused
form: dowse
form: douze
form: douce
form: dause
Etymology: Probably of North Germanic origin, related to Swedish dunsa (“to plumb down, fall clumsily”), Danish dunse (“to thump”). Compare Old English dwǣsċan (“to extinguish”) and douse below.
Senses: examples: text: Set fire to your matches! / Douse them in gasoline!
ref: 2018, Jhariah Clare, “City of Ashes”, in The Great Tale of How I Ruined it All:
glosses: To plunge suddenly into water; to duck; to immerse.
examples: text: swing i' th'air, or douse in water
ref: 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:
glosses: To fall suddenly into water.
examples: text: The man who doused the fire was told to put the remainder of the coal into the bucket and then give the bucket to the soldier.
ref: 1999, Arthur D. Jacobs, The Prison Called Hohenasperg:
text: Once you feel confident in your visualizations, you may douse the candle by blowing it out.
ref: 2012, Kelly Henderson, Your Mythic Spirit Guide: Spirituality for a Creative Life:
text: Now he rushed to the platform edge carrying a full fire bucket, in a forlorn attempt to douse the flames as the now brightly burning wagon rolled past.
ref: 2022 January 12, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, in RAIL, number 948, page 42:
text: Trump made efforts to douse the flames with ever-shifting explanations, excuses and distractions but merely poured fuel on the fire.
ref: 2025 July 19, David Smith, “‘The ghost of Epstein is haunting Trump’s presidency’: inside the ‘Maga’ revolt”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
glosses: To put out; to extinguish.
Coordinate terms: hose down
Derived terms: douser
douse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: daus
ipa: /daʊs/
rhymes: -aʊs
Forms: form: douses
form: dowse
form: douze
form: douce
form: dause
Etymology: Probably of North Germanic origin, related to Swedish dunsa (“to plumb down, fall clumsily”), Danish dunse (“to thump”). Compare Old English dwǣsċan (“to extinguish”) and douse below.
Senses: examples: text: In winter a douse in cold water helps the looks and adds to the style of the carcass, but they should be thoroughly dried before packing.
ref: 1911, Cyphers Series on Practical Poultry Keeping, number 1, page 74:
glosses: A sudden plunging into water.
douse
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: daus
ipa: /daʊs/
rhymes: -aʊs
Forms: form: douses
form: dousing
form: doused
form: doused
form: dowse
Etymology: From Middle English duschen, dusshen (“to rush, fall”), related to Norwegian dusa (“to break, cast down from”), Old Dutch doesen (“to beat, strike”), dialectal German tusen, dusen (“to strike, run against, collide”), Saterland Frisian dössen (“to strike”). Compare doss, dust.
Senses: glosses: To strike, beat, or thrash.
examples: text: Douse the topsail!
topics: nautical
transport
glosses: To strike or lower in haste; to slacken suddenly
Derived terms: dousing-chock
douse
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: daus
ipa: /daʊs/
rhymes: -aʊs
Forms: form: douses
form: dowse
Etymology: From Middle English duschen, dusshen (“to rush, fall”), related to Norwegian dusa (“to break, cast down from”), Old Dutch doesen (“to beat, strike”), dialectal German tusen, dusen (“to strike, run against, collide”), Saterland Frisian dössen (“to strike”). Compare doss, dust.
Senses: glosses: A blow or strike, especially to the face.