cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
clang
Language: English
Part of speech: intj
Pronunciation: enpr: klăng
ipa: /klæŋ/
rhymes: -æŋ
Etymology: 1570, of imitative origin.
Compare also Saterland Frisian Kloang, West Frisian klank, Dutch klank, German Klang (from klingen), Danish and Swedish klang, Latin clangere (“to resound”) (which probably influenced it).
Senses: glosses: Imitative of a loud metallic ringing sound.
glosses: Said after someone has name-dropped (mentioned a famous person with whom they are acquainted).
clarification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
note: Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˌklɛɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkæɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: clarifications
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French clarification, from Latin clārificātiō.
Senses: examples: text: The clarification of wine.
glosses: The act of clarifying; the act or process of making clear or transparent by freeing visible impurities; particularly, the clearing or fining of liquid substances from impurities via the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent.
examples: text: Your ideas deserve clarification.
glosses: The act of freeing from obscurities; disambiguation.
examples: text: Let me make just one clarification: did he kiss her, or did she kiss him?
glosses: An explanatory comment on, or question about, a point of obscurity.
topics: journalism
media
glosses: A small piece of writing supplemental to a previously published text, intended to disambiguate, explain away obscurities, but not contradict or emend the text (as would a correction).
examples: text: So, just for clarification, you're saying your Chihuahua ate your homework?
glosses: Clarity, transparency, mutual understanding; to be clear.
raw_tags: in the phrase for clarification
Derived terms: explainification
reclarification
Related terms: clarifier
clarify
qualification
sedimentation
classification
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: classifications
Etymology: Borrowed from French classification.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: categorization, typing
text: On those remote pages it is written that animals are divided into (a) those that belong to the Emperor, (b) embalmed ones, (c) those that are trained, (d) suckling pigs, (e) mermaids, (f) fabulous ones, (g) stray dogs, (h) those that are included in this classification, (i) those that tremble as if they were mad, (j) innumerable ones, (k) those drawn with a verfy fine camel's hair brush, (l) others, (m) those that have just broken a flower vase, (n) those that resemble flies from a distance.
ref: 1937-1952, Jorge Luis Borges, Other Inquisitions:
text: 1997: Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, page 69 (Totem Books, Icon Books; →ISBN
I’m using mathesis — a universal science of measurement and order …
And there is also taxinomia a principle of 'classification' and ordered tabulation.
Knowledge replaced universal resemblance with finite differences. History was arrested and turned into tables …
Western reason had entered the age of judgement.
glosses: The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.
Derived terms: autoclassification
classificational
classificationism
classificationist
classification scheme
classification society
classification yard
declassification
ethnoclassification
general classification
Goldschmidt classification
interclassification
Keros classification
Köppen climate classification
microclassification
military load classification
misclassification
multiclassification
nonclassification
overclassification
phyloclassification
points classification
preclassification
reclassification
scientific classification
seroclassification
soil classification
sprints classification
subclassification
transclassification
unclassification
Related terms: class
classic
classify
segment
cleat
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: klēt
ipa: /kliːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: cleats
Etymology: From Middle English clete, from Old English *clēat, clēot, from Proto-Germanic *klautaz (“firm lump”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelewd-, from *gley- (“to glue, stick together, form into a ball”). Cognate with Dutch kloot (“ball; testicle”) and German Kloß. See also clay and clout.
Senses: examples: text: [...] the people of that island erected lofty spars along the seacoast, to which the look-outs ascended by means of nailed cleats, something as fowls go upstairs in a hen-house.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 35”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
text: I had learned that cattle willingly walk down a ramp that has cleats to provide secure, nonslip footing.
ref: 1995, Temple Grandin, Thinking in Pictures, page 6:
glosses: A strip of wood or iron fastened on transversely to something in order to give strength, prevent warping, hold position, etc.
glosses: A continuous metal strip, or angled piece, used to secure metal components.
topics: nautical
transport
coordinate_terms: bitt#Noun
bollard#Noun
glosses: A device to quickly affix a line or rope, and from which it is also easy to release.
examples: Near-synonym: calk
coordinate_terms: crampon#Noun
glosses: A protrusion on the bottom of a shoe or wheel meant for better traction.
examples: text: He needs to put on five pieces of gear: his helmet, left glove, right glove, left cleat, and right cleat.
ref: 2020, Allyssa Loya, Sporty Bugs and Errors, page 26:
glosses: An athletic shoe equipped with cleats.
Derived terms: expansion cleat
French cleat
cleat
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: enpr: klēt
ipa: /kliːt/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: cleats
form: cleating
form: cleated
form: cleated
Etymology: From Middle English clete, from Old English *clēat, clēot, from Proto-Germanic *klautaz (“firm lump”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelewd-, from *gley- (“to glue, stick together, form into a ball”). Cognate with Dutch kloot (“ball; testicle”) and German Kloß. See also clay and clout.
Senses: hypernyms: reinforce
coordinate_terms: gusset#Verb
rib#Verb
glosses: To strengthen with a cleat.
topics: nautical
transport
coordinate_terms: moor#Verb
glosses: To tie off, affix, stopper a line or rope, especially to a cleat.
classical
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈklæs.ɪ.kəl/
ipa: [ˈklæs.ɪ.kɫ̩]
ipa: /ˈklɛs.ɪ.kəl/
ipa: [ˈklɛs.ɪ.kɫ̩]
Forms: form: classicals
Etymology: See classic § Etymology for history. By surface analysis, class + -ical = classic + -al
Senses: examples: text: Similarly, the new classicals never claimed to be Austrians, nor did they ever make the attempt to meet Austrian objections. Therefore, we cannot fault them for not using this methodology. Nevertheless, new classicals constantly preach […]
ref: 2002, James E Hartley, James E. Hartley, The Representative Agent in Macroeconomics, Routledge, →ISBN, page 120:
glosses: One that is classical in some way; for example, a classical economist.
glosses: Ellipsis of classical music.
examples: text: When I want to have fun I play blitz. When I want to go deeper and work on improving my game, I play classical and I try to do it in tournament settings.
ref: 2015 November 3, solskytz, “IM Greg Shahade: "Slow Chess should die a fast death"”, in Chess.com:
text: In early September, Niemann scored an extraordinary win against Carlsen during an in-person tournament in St. Louis, Missouri. Carlsen, the world’s highest-rated player since 2011, lost with the white pieces in the classical time format, a rare occurrence for the chess juggernaut.
ref: 2022 September 23, Brian Pempus, “Hans Niemann Eliminated, Magnus Carlsen A -350 Betting Favorite To Win Online Chess Event”, in Forbes:
topics: board-games
chess
games
glosses: Ellipsis of classical chess.
colossus
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈlɒs.əs/
note: of Canada
ipa: /kəˈlɑ.səs/
note: of the US
ipa: /kəˈlɒs.əs/
ipa: /kəˈlɔs.əs/
ipa: /kəˈlɒs.əs/
ipa: [kəˈlɔ̟s.əs]
rhymes: -ɒsəs
Forms: form: colossi
form: colossuses
Etymology: From Latin colossus, from Ancient Greek κολοσσός (kolossós, “large statue, especially the colossus of Rhodes”), from an unknown Pre-Greek etymon (and erroneously associated with κολοφών).
Senses: glosses: A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome and the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
examples: text: ]The Empire has always been a realm of colossal resources. […] Why, they don't even understand their own colossi any longer. The machines work from generation to generation automatically, and the caretakers are a hereditary caste who would be helpless if a single D-tube in all that vast structure burnt out.[
ref: 1951, Isaac Asimov, Foundation (1974 Panther Books Ltd publication), part V: "The Merchant Princes", chapter 18, pages 186–187
text: What I love about the colossi is that they actually feel colossal : they move ponderously around, sending out tremours with each step; their ancient husks richly detailed with dirt and plant life.
ref: 2010 August 11 (5:00pm), Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw, "Shadow of the Colossus" reviewed by Zero Punctuation, 3:27–3:42 and 3:56–4:08
glosses: Any creature or thing of gigantic size.
examples: text: The truth is that [Isaac] Newton was very much a product of his time. The colossus of science was not the first king of reason, [John Maynard] Keynes wrote after reading Newton’s unpublished manuscripts. Instead “he was the last of the magicians”.
ref: 2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8892:
glosses: Somebody or something very greatly admired and respected.
Derived terms: supercolossus
Related terms: colossal
Colosseum
commemoration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˌmɛməˈɹeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: commemorations
Etymology: First attested in 1384, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English commemoracioun, from Old French commemoration (French commémoration), from Latin commemorātiō. By surface analysis, commemorate + -ion
Senses: examples: text: commemoration ceremony
text: in commemoration of
text: annual commemoration
text: A statue was built in commemoration of the event.
text: The service was held in commemoration of fallen soldiers.
glosses: The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration to honor the memory of some person or event.
glosses: That which serves the purpose of commemorating; a memorial.
topics: lifestyle
religion
glosses: The specification of individual saints in the prayers for the dead.
glosses: The great festival of the Oxford academic year, usually taking place on the third Wednesday after Trinity Sunday.
Derived terms: commemorational
noncommemoration
commendation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɒmənˈdeɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɑmənˈdeɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: commendations
Etymology: From Middle English commendacioun, from Old French commendacion (“approval, praise”), from Latin commendatio (“recommendation, commendation”), from commendare.
Senses: examples: text: letter of commendation
text: official commendation
text: win commendation
text: Her work won high commendation from the judges.
glosses: The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words; recommendation.
glosses: That which is the ground of approbation or praise.
glosses: A message of affection or respect; compliments; greeting.
examples: text: The officer received a commendation for bravery.
glosses: An award or recognition for performance; a medal.
Derived terms: discommendation
commensuration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: commensurations
Senses: glosses: The act of commensurating; the state of being commensurate.
commiseration
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: commiserations
Etymology: From Middle French commisération.
Senses: examples: text: But her assertion soon proved its truth. That very evening I met both the Duc de Joyeuse and Mademoiselle Guerchy;—a slight embarrassment on his part, a little air of triumphant impertinence on hers, and an affected but insolent commiseration from Mademoiselle de Guise, told the whole.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 197:
text: The departure was not unduly prolonged.[…]Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.
ref: 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
text: The death of anti-feminist activist Phyllis Schlafly on Monday brought commiserations from the GOP ticket. Donald Trump tweeted that she was “truly great.” Mike Pence called her “the First Lady of the Conservative Movement.” Pence wasn’t exaggerating.
ref: 2016 September 6, Timothy Stanley, “How Phyllis Schlafly gave us Sarah Palin”, in CNN:
synonyms: word: fellow feeling
word: mercy
word: bowels
word: commiseration
word: compassion
word: empathy
word: fellow feeling
word: mercy
word: pity
word: remorse
word: rue
word: ruth
word: sympathy
word: tenderheartedness
word: loving-kindness
glosses: The act of commiserating; sorrow for the hardships or afflictions of another; pity; compassion.
commutation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɒmjuːˈteɪʃən/
Forms: form: commutations
Etymology: From French commutation, from Latin commūtātiōnem, accusative singular of commūtātiō.
Senses: glosses: Substitution of one thing for another; interchange.
examples: text: Professor Postan has argued in favour of a rapid move towards commutation in the twelfth century which slackened or even went into reverse in the course of the thirteenth.
ref: 1969, Philip Ziegler, The Black Death, Folio Society, published 2006, page 213:
glosses: Specifically, the substitution of one kind of payment for another, especially a switch to monetary payment from obligations of labour.
examples: text: Monsieur the Marquis de Sade [was] now holed up in one of his châteaux while his wife worked for the commutation of a sentence passed on him recently for poisoning and buggery.
ref: 1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, published 2007, page 23:
topics: law
glosses: The change to a lesser penalty or punishment by the State
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: Substitution, as a means of discriminating between phonemes.
topics: business
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
electronics
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The reversal of an electric current.
glosses: A passing from one state to another; change; alteration; mutation.
glosses: The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.
Derived terms: anticommutation
commutation ticket
Related terms: topics: electrical
electricity
electrical-engineering
electromagnetism
energy
business
physics
physical-sciences
natural-sciences
engineering
word: commutator
commutation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɒmjuːˈteɪʃən/
Forms: form: commutations
Etymology: From commute + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: but there was no city officer to stand forth and ask for it — not even so much as to require frequent trains, low fares, and commutations on that part of the road which ran within the city limits.
ref: 1879, WR Martin, “Cities as Units in Our Polity”, in The North American Review:
text: These permit the limited number willing to abandon their automobiles for long hikes to visit some of the most rugged terrain in Southern California. Major resort centers with substantial year-around residence (and much commutation) occur in the western Santa Monica Mountains, the San Bernardino Mountains, and around Idyllwild in the San Jacinto.
ref: 1981, David W. Lantis, Rodney Steiner, Arthur E. Karinen, California, land of contrast, page 166:
text: After decades of complaint that cities are exploited by suburban commuters, the American metropolis is experiencing more and more commutation in the other direction. In some metropolitan areas, there is as much commutation out of the city as into it.
ref: 1999, BW Hawkins, DM Ihrke, “Research Note: Reexamining the Suburban Exploitation Thesis in American Metropolitan Areas”, in Publius: The Journal of Federalism:
text: When Mary worked as an adjunct, she deliberately never calculated how much commutation and the babysitter were costing because she suspected that she was probably losing money on the deal.
ref: 2004, Mary W. Quigley, Loretta E. Kaufman, Going Back To Work: A Survival Guide for Comeback Moms, page 36:
glosses: The process or habit of journeying to and from work on a regular basis; commuting.
compensation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɒm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɒm.pɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɔm.penˈsæɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
rhymes: -æɪʃən
Forms: form: compensations
Etymology: From Middle English compensacioun, from Old French compensacion, from Latin compensātiōnem, accusative singular of compensātiō. Equivalent to compensate + -ion.
Senses: examples: text: Human labor, through all its forms, from the sharpening of a stake to the construction of a city or an epic, is one immense illustration of the perfect compensation of the universe.
ref: 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Compensation”, in Essays:
synonyms: restitution
recompensation
glosses: The act or principle of compensating.
examples: text: The parliament which dissolved the monastic foundations […] vouchsafed not a word toward securing the slightest compensation to the dispossessed owners.
ref: 1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England from the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:
text: No pecuniary compensation can possibly reward them.
ref: 1796, Edmund Burke, A Letter from the Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks Made upon Him and His Pension, […], London: […] J. Owen, […], and F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC:
synonyms: amends
remuneration
recompense
recompensation
glosses: Something which is regarded as an equivalent; something which compensates for loss.
topics: business
finance
synonyms: set-off
glosses: The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.
synonyms: restitution
recompensation
glosses: A recompense or reward for service.
topics: business
real-estate
glosses: An equivalent stipulated for in contracts for the sale of real estate, in which it is customary to provide that errors in description, etc., shall not avoid, but shall be the subject of compensation.
glosses: The relationship between air temperature outside a building and a calculated target temperature for provision of air or water to contained rooms or spaces for the purpose of efficient heating. In building control systems, the compensation curve is defined to a compensator for this purpose.
topics: medicine
neuroscience
sciences
coordinate_terms: degeneracy
glosses: The ability of one part of the brain to overfunction in order to take over the function of a damaged part (e.g. following a stroke).
Derived terms: anticompensation
autocompensation
compensational
compensationary
compensation balance
compensation culture
compensation neurosis
compensation pendulum
compensation trade
decompensation
dosage compensation
hypercompensation
just compensation
malcompensation
neurocompensation
noncompensation
overcompensation
precompensation
recompensation
supercompensation
time-gain compensation
undercompensation
worker's compensation
workers' compensation
workman's compensation
workmen's compensation
Related terms: compensate
compete
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəmˈpiːt/
note: Indic
ipa: /kəmˈpiʈ/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkɔmpiʈ/
rhymes: -iːt
Forms: form: competes
form: competing
form: competed
form: competed
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French competer, from Latin competere (“to coincide, to be equal to, to be capable of”), from com- (“with”) + petō (“I seek, I aim for, I strive for”). Compare Latin competītor (“competitor”).
Senses: examples: text: Negga, who was born in Ethiopia but grew up in Limerick, already has a clutch of Best Actress nominations under her belt for Loving but this is the most high profile to date. She's won rave reviews for her performance since the movie's premiere at Cannes in May, where it competed for the Palme d'Or.
ref: 2016 December 13, “Golden Globes going green again to honour Irish talent”, in RTE:
text: "No. But one, or both of those men, may prove to be worse. That second man was Addison Berg, and he's agent for a firm of submarine boat builders who are rivals of dad's. Berg has been trying to find out why we abandoned our intention of competing for the Government prize."
ref: 1910, Victor Appleton, Tom Swift and His Submarine Boat, page 70:
text: The idea behind Sir Montagu's gift is that there should be for the amateur clubs a trophy which will take the place of the Stanley Cup, now becoming a trophy for which professional clubs will alone compete.
ref: 1909, Cup for Amateurs:
glosses: To be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend.
examples: text: Now, when it comes to meeting the larger challenges we face as a nation, I realize that finding this unity is easier said than done – especially in Washington. But if we want to compete on the world stage as well as we’ve competed in the world’s games, we need to find common ground.
ref: 2010, Barack Obama, Presidential Weekly Address (27 February 2010):
glosses: To be in a position in which it is possible to win or triumph.
glosses: To take part in a contest, game or similar event.
glosses: To strive to achieve or obtain something which another also strives for, whether knowingly or unknowingly.
Derived terms: competimer
coopete
noncompete
non-compete
outcompete
recompete
Related terms: competent
competition
competitor
compilation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/
ipa: /kɑmpɪˈleɪʃən/
note: Indic
ipa: /kəmˌpajˈleʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: compilations
Etymology: English compile + -ation, from Middle French, from Latin compilatio (“a raking together, a plundering, a collection of documents”).
Senses: examples: text: The scope of this computor will not necessarily be restricted to paybill compilation; its application to other work is being studied, and all possible use will be made of its capabilities.
ref: 1957 November 24, “Electronics in Railway Accountancy”, in Railway Magazine, page 746:
glosses: The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources.
examples: text: Susie made Jasmine a compilation CD of some of the best songs they'd heard at the festival.
glosses: That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Translation of source code into object code by a compiler.
Synonyms: sense: the act or process of compiling
word: compilement
sense: something compiled
word: anthology
sense: something compiled
word: collection
Derived terms: autocompilation
compilation album
compilation tape
cross-compilation
decompilation
metacompilation
precompilation
recompilation
supercompilation
transcompilation
transpilation
complexity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/
Forms: form: complexities
Etymology: From complex + -ity. Partially displaced native English manifoldness.
Senses: glosses: The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.
examples: text: The battle was like the grinding of an immense and terrible machine to him. Its complexities and powers, its grim processes, fascinated him.
ref: 1895 October, Stephen Crane, chapter VIII, in The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC, pages 84–85:
glosses: That which is and renders complex; intricacy; complication.
Synonyms: word: complicacy
word: complexity
word: complexness
word: complicate
word: complicatedness
word: complication
word: complicity
word: intricacy
word: involution
word: sophistication
Hypernyms: word: detailedness
word: difficulty
Hyponyms: word: hypercomplexity
word: overcomplexity
word: confusingness
word: depth
word: entanglement
word: perplexity
Derived terms: attributional complexity
biocomplexity
chaoplexity
complexity class
complexity function
complexity-hiding proxy
complexity theory
computational complexity theory
cyclomatic complexity
geocomplexity
hypercomplexity
incomplexity
irreducible complexity
Kolmogorov complexity
McCabe's complexity
overcomplexity
Rademacher complexity
space complexity
time complexity
time-space complexity
ultracomplexity
uncomplexity
Related terms: word: complexus
word: complicate
word: complexification
word: complex
compliant
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəmˈplʌɪənt/
ipa: /kəmˈplaɪənt/
rhymes: -aɪənt
Forms: form: more compliant
form: most compliant
Etymology: From comply + -ant.
Senses: examples: text: The suspect was compliant when arrested.
text: Tendon is compliant compared to bone.
synonyms: yielding
bending
pliant
supple
conformable
glosses: Willing to comply; submissive; willing to do what someone wants.
examples: text: The browser is standards-compliant.
text: The workplace is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
text: Station capacity in London, Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam remains a thorny issue, as does obtaining suitable Channel Tunnel-compliant trains.
ref: 2025 April 16, Ben Jones, “An opening for international high-speed competition”, in RAIL, number 1033, page 13:
glosses: Compatible with or following guidelines, specifications, rules, or laws.
Synonyms: conformant
Hypernyms: biocompliant
buzzword compliant
hypercompliant
Kinnaird compliant
overcompliant
privacy compliant
semicompliant
standards compliant
Derived terms: compliancy
compliantly
incompliant
uncompliant
Related terms: compliance
comprise
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəmˈpɹaɪz/
rhymes: -aɪz
Forms: form: comprises
form: comprising
form: comprised
form: comprised
Etymology: From Middle English comprisen, from Old French compris, past participle of comprendre, from Latin comprehendere, contr. comprendere, past participle comprehensus (“to comprehend”); see comprehend. Compare apprise, reprise, surprise.
Senses: examples: text: Near-synonyms: subsume, contain, include, embrace, comprehend
text: The whole comprises the parts.
text: The parts are comprised by the whole.
text: Our committee comprises a president, secretary, treasurer and five other members.
text: Arsenal were playing without a recognised full-back - their defence comprising four centre-halves - and the lack of width was hindering their progress.
ref: 2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1-0 Everton”, in BBC Sport:
coordinate_terms: unify
integrate
glosses: To be made up of; to consist of (especially a comprehensive list of parts).
examples: text: Near-synonym: make up
text: The whole is comprised of the parts.
text: The parts comprise the whole.
text: 1657, Isaac Barrow, Data (Euclid) (translation), Prop. XXX
"Seeing then the angles comprised of equal right lines are equal, we have found the angle FDE equal to the angle ABC."
text: Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with (by way of local color) on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.
ref: 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter I (Anarchy), pages 377–378:
glosses: To compose; to constitute.
examples: (close-ended)
topics: intellectual-property
law
patent-law
coordinate_terms: compose
glosses: To include, contain, or be made up of, defining the minimum elements, whether essential or inessential to define an invention.
Synonyms: sense: to compose
word: form
word: make up
word: compose
Derived terms: comprisable
comprisal
Related terms: comprehensive
compulsory
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: enpr: kəm-pŭl'sə-rē
ipa: /kəmˈpʌlsəɹi/
Forms: form: more compulsory
form: most compulsory
Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin compulsorius, from Latin compulsus. Displaced native Old English ġenīedelīċ.
Senses: examples: text: The ten-dollar fee was compulsory.
text: They are entirely private concerns, established by individual teachers, and attendance upon them is no more compulsory than attendance on our dispensaries.
ref: 1827, A. D. Jr., Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, A. and C. Black, page 212:
text: Some might agree that membership in the firm is perhaps more compulsory than membership in a municipality, but balk at applying the analogy to the nation.
ref: 1996, Ugo Pagano, Democracy and Efficiency in the Economic Enterprise, page 73:
text: Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.
ref: 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:
text: I haven't booked, so I don't have a clue as to whether the service will be busy or not. Supposedly, reservations are compulsory, but I want to find out what would happen if you just turn up.
ref: 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 68:
glosses: Required; obligatory; mandatory.
examples: text: Such compulsory measures are limited.
glosses: Having the power of compulsion; constraining.
Synonyms: word: mandatory
word: binding
word: compulsatory
word: compulsory
word: decretory
word: forced
word: imperative
word: involuntary
word: nonoptional
word: obligatory
word: required
word: unbewised
word: unvoluntary
Coordinate terms: word: advised
word: encouraged
word: recommended
word: suggested
Derived terms: compulsorily
compulsoriness
compulsory acquisition
compulsory education
compulsory heterosexuality
compulsoryness
compulsory purchase
compulsory purchase order
non-compulsory
noncompulsory
semicompulsory
uncompulsory
Related terms: word: command
word: instruction
word: requisite
compulsory
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: kəm-pŭl'sə-rē
ipa: /kəmˈpʌlsəɹi/
Forms: form: compulsories
Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin compulsorius, from Latin compulsus. Displaced native Old English ġenīedelīċ.
Senses: examples: text: Delobel and Schoenfelder failed to win the free dance, but they had built a big lead in the compulsories and the original dance.
ref: 2008 March 22, The Associated Press, “French Victory in Ice Dance”, in New York Times:
glosses: Something that is compulsory or required.
computation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɒmpjʊˈteɪʃən/
note: of Canada
ipa: /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃən/
note: of the US
ipa: /ˌkɒmpjʊˈteɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɔmpjʊˈtæɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɒmpjʊˈtæɪʃən/
note: Indic
ipa: /kəmpjʊˈʈeʃən/
note: Indic
ipa: /ˈkɔmpjʊteʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: computations
Etymology: From late Middle English computacioun, from Middle French computation, from Latin computatiō, from computare (“sum up, reckon, compute”); see compute. Morphologically compute + -ation.
Senses: examples: text: As there are some naturally deficient in the power of computation, others in an ear for harmony, so Francis Evelyn was utterly devoid of truth—he neither understood its moral beauty nor its actual utility.
ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 42:
glosses: The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.
glosses: The result of computation; the amount computed.
Synonyms: sense: act or process of computing
word: ciphering
word: calculus
word: calculation
Derived terms: biocomputation
computational
computation history
computationism
computationist
computation time
computation tree logic
computative
geocomputation
hypercomputation
metacomputation
microcomputation
miscomputation
neurocomputation
noncomputation
precomputation
recomputation
subcomputation
supercomputation
concatenation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kɑnˌkæt.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
ipa: /kənˌkæt.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: concatenations
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin concatenātiō. Related to chain.
Senses: examples: text: Try and penetrate with our limited means of the secrets of nature and you will find that, behind all the discernible concatenations, there remains something subtle, intangible and inexplicable.
ref: 1927, Albert Einstein, as quoted by H. G. Kessler in The Diary of a Cosmopolitan (1971)
glosses: A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.
examples: text: We also discuss the faults to which the intermediate systems that execute these concatenation tasks are liable; the consequences of such faults include end-to-end PDUs being misforwarded, proliferating without limit, or simply disappearing into “black holes.”
ref: 2000, Philippe Byrnes, Protocol Management in Computer Networking, page 376:
glosses: The application of these series of links.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: The operation of joining multiple character strings.
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
programming
sciences
glosses: A character string formed by joining multiple character strings.
Derived terms: concatenation tree
deconcatenation
reconcatenation
Related terms: concatenate
concentrate
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/
Forms: form: concentrates
form: concentrating
form: concentrated
form: concentrated
Etymology: (early 17th century) From a Romance language, see French concentrer, Italian concentràre, Spanish concentrar; alternatively from Medieval Latin/New Latin concentrō + -ate (verb-forming suffix). Compare also earlier concentre and German konzentrieren. By surface analysis, con- + center (centr- in compounds) + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Senses: examples: to concentrate rays of light into a focus
to concentrate the attention
glosses: To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force.
examples: to concentrate acid by evaporation
to concentrate by washing
antonyms: dilute
glosses: To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense.
examples: text: Population tends to concentrate in cities.
text: Buried within the Mediterranean littoral are some seventy to ninety million tons of slag from ancient smelting, about a third of it concentrated in Iberia. This ceaseless industrial fueling caused the deforestation of an estimated fifty to seventy million acres of woodlands.
ref: 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:
glosses: To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate.
examples: text: (oneself)
text: Let me concentrate!
text: The Group has recently concentrated on two main objectives, the implementation of a Code of Practice on minor station improvements and the preparation of a stock list of approved items of equipment for railway stations.
ref: 1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, page 252:
synonyms: think
bury
glosses: To focus one's thought or attention (on).
Derived terms: concentrated
concentrative
concentrator
cryoconcentrate
deconcentrate
hemoconcentrate
overconcentrate
preconcentrate
reconcentrate
upconcentrate
Related terms: concentration
concentrate
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/
Forms: form: more concentrate
form: most concentrate
Etymology: From Medieval Latin/New Latin concentrātus, perfect passive participle of concentrō (“concentate”). See Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.
Senses: examples: text: It is, when good, a concentrate yellow.
ref: 1758, Robert Dossie, The Handmaid to the Arts, volume I., page 114:
text: Subtracting the liters of concentrate fluid required in the diluted operation.
ref: 2011, v. 80/1, Optimizing Use of Aircraft Deicing & Anti-icing Fluids (ACRP):
glosses: concentrated
concentrate
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/
ipa: /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/
Forms: form: concentrates
Etymology: From a substantivation of the above adjective. See also -ate (noun-forming suffix). Compare French concentré and German Konzentrat.
Senses: examples: text: orange concentrate
glosses: A substance that is in a condensed form.
Derived terms: bioconcentrate
leaf protein concentrate
superconcentrate
tomato concentrate
concert
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈsɜːt/
enpr: kənsûrtʹ
ipa: /kənˈsɝt/
ipa: /ˈkɒnsət/
enpr: känʹsərt
ipa: /ˈkɑnsɚt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
rhymes: -ɒnsə(ɹ)t
Forms: form: concerts
form: concerting
form: concerted
form: concerted
Etymology: Borrowed from French concert, from Italian concerto, deverbal from concertare. Doublet of concerto.
Senses: examples: text: It was concerted to begin the siege in March.
ref: a. 1716 (date written), [Gilbert] Burnet, edited by [Gilbert Burnet Jr.], Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] Thomas Ward […], published 1724, →OCLC:
glosses: To plan together; to settle or adjust by conference, agreement, or consultation.
examples: text: The month ends with a fine day; and I have been walking, and visiting Lewis, and concerting where to see Mr. Harley. I have no news to send you.
ref: 1710 October 30 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Jonathan Swift, “[Dr. Swift’s Journal to Stella.] Letter VII.”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume XIV, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC:
text: Furious in their Adverſity, tyrannical in their Succeſſes, a Commander had more trouble to concert his Defence before the People, than to plan the Operations of the Campaign.
ref: 1756, [Edmund Burke], A Vindication of Natural Society: Or, A View of the Miseries and Evils Arising to Mankind from Every Species of Artificial Society. […], London: […] M. Cooper […], →OCLC, page 56:
text: Every Government would espouse the common cause. A correspondence would be opened. Plans of resistance would be concerted. One spirit would animate and conduct the whole.
ref: 1788, Publius [pseudonym; James Madison], “Number XLV”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume II, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC:
glosses: To plan; to devise; to arrange.
examples: text: The ministers of Denmark were appointed to concert the matter with Talbot.
ref: a. 1716 (date written), [Gilbert] Burnet, edited by [Gilbert Burnet Jr.], Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] Thomas Ward […], published 1724, →OCLC:
glosses: To act in harmony or conjunction; to form combined plans.
concert
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈsɜːt/
enpr: kənsûrtʹ
ipa: /kənˈsɝt/
ipa: /ˈkɒnsət/
enpr: känʹsərt
ipa: /ˈkɑnsɚt/
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
rhymes: -ɒnsə(ɹ)t
Forms: form: concerts
Etymology: Borrowed from French concert, from Italian concerto, deverbal from concertare. Doublet of concerto.
Senses: examples: text: The dissimilarity in the ingredients which will compose the National Government, and in still more in the manner in which they will be brought into action in its various branches, must form a powerful obstacle to a concert of views, in any partial scheme of elections.
ref: 1788, Publius [pseudonym; Alexander Hamilton], “Number LIX”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume II, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC:
text: All we want is concert, to lay aside all party differences and unite with zeal and energy in repelling approaching dangers. Let there be concert of action, and we shall find ample means of security without resorting to secession or disunion.
ref: 1837, John C. Calhoun, Slavery a Positive Good:
glosses: An agreement in a design or plan; a union formed by mutual communication of opinions and views; an accordance in a scheme; harmony; a simultaneous action.
glosses: Musical accordance or harmony; concord.
examples: text: I’m going to the rock concert on Friday.
text: I am going for the Travis Scott concert in November.
text: Who’s playing at the concert on Friday?
text: The Beatles’ final live concert took place on 29 August 1966 at Candlestick Park
text: The concert came off in the evening and was a pronounced success. The little hall was crowded; all the performers did excellently well, but Anne was the bright particular star of the occasion, as even envy, in the shape of Josie Pye, dared not deny.
ref: 1908 June, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, “Matthew Insists on Puffed Sleeves”, in Anne of Green Gables, Boston, Mass.: L[ouis] C[oues] Page & Company, →OCLC:
synonyms: gig
glosses: A musical performance, usually public, in which several performers or instruments take part.
Derived terms: cats' concert
concert band
concert bass drum
concertful
concertgoer
concert-goer
concertgoing
concert grand
concert hall
concertion
concertist
concertize
concertless
concertlike
concertmaster
concertmeister
concertmistress
concert party
concert performance
concert pitch
concert room
concert spiritual
concert T-shirt
Dutch concert
headphone concert
house concert
in concert
midconcert
miniconcert
nonconcert
postconcert
preconcert
promenade concert
solo concert
superconcert
Western concert flute
condemnation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɒndɛmˈneɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɒndəmˈneɪʃən/
ipa: /ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: condemnations
Etymology: From Middle English condempnacioun, from Latin condemnātiō, condemnātiōnem.
Senses: examples: text: As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".
ref: 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:
synonyms: censure
blame
disapprobation
antonyms: praise
glosses: The act of condemning or pronouncing to be wrong.
antonyms: acquittal
glosses: The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging guilty, unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to punishment or forfeiture.
glosses: The state of being condemned.
antonyms: acquittal
justification
glosses: The ground or reason of condemning.
glosses: The process by which a public entity exercises its powers of eminent domain.
Derived terms: countercondemnation
forecondemnation
inverse condemnation
precondemnation
recondemnation
condensation
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkɑn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/
rhymes: -eɪʃən
Forms: form: condensations
Etymology: From condense + -ation, borrowed from Latin condēnsātiō, condēnsātiōnem.
Senses: glosses: The act or process of condensing or of being condensed
examples: text: This is a masterly work of condensation, omitting nothing of importance and providing a most readable book that for a modest half-crown is incredibly good value.
ref: 1962 October, Cecil J. Allen, Ian Allan, “New Reading on Railways: Great Western”, in Modern Railways, 2s 6d., unnumbered page:
glosses: The state of being condensed.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: The conversion of a gas to a liquid.
glosses: The condensate so formed.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
synonyms: dehydration synthesis
antonyms: hydrolysis
glosses: The reaction of two substances with the simultaneous loss of water or other small molecule.
topics: human-sciences
psychology
sciences
glosses: when a single idea (an image, memory, or thought) or dream object stands for several associations and ideas.
examples: text: LGPIM has […] loaned the 45-minute condensation of Word is Out to over 16 medical schools.
ref: 1982 April 17, Beth Cookson, “Gaay Students Prominent At Med Association Meeting”, in Gay Community News, page 9:
glosses: A condensed work; an abridged version or compendium.
topics: graph-theory
mathematics
sciences
glosses: For a given directed graph G, a directed acyclic graph with one vertex for each strongly connected component of G, and an edge connecting pairs of components that contain the two endpoints of at least one edge in G.
Derived terms: aldol condensation
anticondensation
autocondensation
Claisen condensation
cocondensation
condensational
condensation point
condensation product
condensation reaction
condensation trail
contrail
cricondentherm
cryocondensation
cyclocondensation
Darzens condensation
decondensation
Dieckmann condensation
Dodgson condensation
Doebner condensation
evapocondensation
hypercondensation
Knoevenagel condensation
noncondensation
overcondensation
pericondensation
photocondensation
polycondensation
quasicondensation
recondensation
selfcondensation
supercondensation
Ullmann condensation
ultracondensation