cstr/en-wiktionary-extracted-all huggingface dataset:
cockblock
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: cockblocks
form: cock block
Etymology: From rhyming compound of cock + block; likely a back-formation from cockblocker. First use appears c. 1972. See cite below.
Senses: glosses: The act of cockblocking.
glosses: A person who cockblocks.
Derived terms: cockblocker
cock blocker
cockblocking
evasive
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪˈveɪsɪv/
Forms: form: more evasive
form: most evasive
Etymology: From French évasif, from Latin ēvādō.
Senses: examples: text: evasive behaviour
text: evasive response
glosses: Tending to avoid speaking openly or making revelations about oneself.
examples: text: take evasive action
text: evasive manoeuvre
glosses: Directed towards avoidance or escape
Synonyms: elusive
slippery
shifty
cagey
elusory
sly
noncommittal
unclear
vague
equivocal
ambiguous
tricky
deceitful
devious
Derived terms: evasive action
evasively
evasiveness
immunoevasive
inevasive
nonevasive
unevasive
hose
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /həʊz/
ipa: /hoʊz/
rhymes: -əʊz
homophone: hoes
Forms: form: hoses
form: hosen
Etymology: From Middle English hose (“leggings, hose”), from Old English hose, hosa (“hose, leggings”), from Proto-West Germanic *hosā, from Proto-Germanic *husǭ (“coverings, leggings, trousers”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).
Cognate with West Frisian hoas (“hose”), Dutch hoos (“stocking, water-hose”), German Hose (“trousers”); also, Tocharian A kać (“skin”), Russian кишка́ (kišká, “gut”), Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder”), Sanskrit कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “intestine”). More at sky.
Senses: glosses: A flexible tube conveying water or other fluid.
glosses: A stocking-like garment worn on the legs; pantyhose, women's tights.
examples: text: Theſe men were bound in their coates, their hoſen, and their hats, and their other garments, and were caſt into the midſt of the burning fierie furnace.
ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 3:21:
text: His youthful hoſe, vvell ſaved, a vvorld too vvide / For his ſhrunk ſhank, […]
ref: c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii]:
text: [T]wenty yeomen, two and two, / In hosen black, and jerkins blue, / With falcons broider'd on each breast, / Attended on their lord's behest.
ref: 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto First. The Castle.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza VIII, page 30:
glosses: Close-fitting trousers or breeches, reaching to the knee.
Derived terms: air hose
boothose
garden hose
hosaphone
hosebag
hose barb
hosebeast
hose bridge
hose clamp
hose clip
hose-in-hose
hose jacket
hosel
hoseless
hoselike
hoseline
hoseman
hosemonkey
hosepipe
hose reel
hosereel
hose tower
hose-whip
hosier
husk
netherhose
panty hose
powder hose
radiator hose
rubber-hose
rubber hose
rubber-hose cryptanalysis
scupper hose
short hose
trash hose
trunkhose
underhose
up your nose with a rubber hose
warm hose
hose
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /həʊz/
ipa: /hoʊz/
rhymes: -əʊz
homophone: hoes
Forms: form: hoses
form: hosing
form: hosed
form: hosed
Etymology: From Middle English hose (“leggings, hose”), from Old English hose, hosa (“hose, leggings”), from Proto-West Germanic *hosā, from Proto-Germanic *husǭ (“coverings, leggings, trousers”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).
Cognate with West Frisian hoas (“hose”), Dutch hoos (“stocking, water-hose”), German Hose (“trousers”); also, Tocharian A kać (“skin”), Russian кишка́ (kišká, “gut”), Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder”), Sanskrit कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “intestine”). More at sky.
Senses: examples: text: Only days before the garden opens, the concrete is hosed down with a high-pressure jet and scrubbed.
ref: 1995, Vivian Russell, Monet's Garden: Through the Seasons at Giverny, →ISBN, page 83:
glosses: To water or spray with a hose.
examples: text: His guns hosed down the vessel's decks, sweeping them clear of sailors, blowing holes in the bulkheads, and smashing gun positions.
ref: 2003, John R. Bruning, Jungle ace, Brassey's, →ISBN, page 136:
glosses: To spray as if with a hose; to spray in great quantity.
examples: text: He had just finished hosing gasoline into his tank, a short man, burly, needing a shave, and wearing greasy coveralls.
ref: 2003, Tony Hillerman, The Sinister Pig, →ISBN, page 57:
glosses: To deliver using a hose.
examples: text: The mighty mass of many a mingled race,
Who dwell in towns where he pursued the chase;
The men degenerate shirted, cloaked, and hosed-
Nose and eyes only to the day exposed
ref: 1834 July to December, Pierce Pungent, “Men and Manners”, in Fraser's magazine for town and country, volume X, page 416:
glosses: To provide with hose (garment)
examples: text: Bartlett elaborated on what had happened at the warehouse, saying he thought Chandar was supposed to have advised, not hosed him.
ref: 1995, Keath Fraser, Popular anatomy, The Porcupine's Quill, →ISBN, page 458:
text: Poutine? A better McMuffin? A bigger Big Mac?? We've been hosed.
ref: 2023 September 7, Adam Chandler, “Americans Should Feel Humiliated by Canadian McDonald's”, in Slate, archived from the original on 09 Sep 2023:
glosses: To trick or deceive.
examples: text: There aren't any tricky hexadecimal calculations to snare your brain, nor is there a need to worry about hosing the registry for all eternity.
ref: 2006 Spring, Joel Durham Jr., “Pimp Out Win XP with TweakUI”, in Maximum PC, Future US, Inc., →ISSN, page 63:
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: To break or destroy (a system), especially by wiping files or other content.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To cause an unfair disadvantage to a player or team through poor officiating; especially, to cause a player or team to lose the game with an incorrect call.
Derived terms: hose down
home and hosed
hose off
unhosed
at the mercy of
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Senses: examples: text: The ball game is scheduled for Saturday, but we're still at the mercy of the weather.
text: The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.
ref: 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
text: Most of Britain's railways were built in the Victorian era. Railway routes were not only at the mercy of geography, but also of local landowners who wanted to minimise the impact on their estates. Construction was carried out by navvies armed with picks and shovels, with very little understanding of the underlying geology.
ref: 2024 March 20, Richard Foster, “Vital experience in an open-air classroom”, in RAIL, number 1005, page 60:
glosses: In the power of; defenceless/defenseless against.
Polonia
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈləʊ.nɪ.ə/
ipa: /pəˈloʊ.ni.ə/
rhymes: -əʊniə
Senses: glosses: A symbolic depiction of Poland as a woman.
Derived terms: Polonize
vis-à-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Pronunciation: ipa: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/
ipa: /viːz.æˈviː/
ipa: /viz.ɑˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
Forms: form: vis-a-vis
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.
Senses: examples: text: Canada's role vis-à-vis the United States' in Afghanistan
text: We have identified an miR-1246 target site in the noncoding region of F8 mRNA and were able to confirm the suppressory role of hsa-miR-1246 on F8 expression in a stable lymphoblastoid cell line expressing FVIII. These findings suggest several testable hypotheses vis-à-vis the role of nc-RNAs in the regulation of F8 expression.
ref: 2015 July 16, “Small ncRNA Expression-Profiling of Blood from Hemophilia A Patients Identifies miR-1246 as a Potential Regulator of Factor 8 Gene”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:
glosses: In relation to; compared with.
examples: text: He was seated vis-à-vis the president.
glosses: Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing.
vis-à-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/
ipa: /viːz.æˈviː/
ipa: /viz.ɑˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
Forms: form: vis-à-vis
form: vis-a-vis
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.
Senses: examples: text: there is not a greater difference between a single-horse chair and madam Pompadour’s vis a vis, than betwixt a single amour, and an amour thus nobly doubled
ref: 1761, Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume 3, Penguin, published 2003, page 188:
glosses: A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other.
glosses: A sofa with seats for two people, so arranged that the occupants are face to face while sitting on opposite sides.
examples: text: But the wrath that I awaited did not descend. Instead, my young vis-à-vis merely looked melancholy.
ref: 1933, Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth, Penguin, published 2005, page 456:
glosses: One of two (or more) people facing or opposite each other.
examples: text: That was what Miss McKenna said, and the Sergeant who was my vis-à-vis looked the same thing.
ref: 1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Daughter of the Regiment”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio Society, published 2005, page 136:
glosses: A date or escort in a social event.
examples: text: I talked with my vis-à-vis in the French embassy.
synonyms: counterpart
glosses: A person holding a corresponding position in another organisation.
vis-à-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/
ipa: /viːz.æˈviː/
ipa: /viz.ɑˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
Forms: form: vis-a-vis
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.
Senses: glosses: Face-to-face.
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
numismatics
glosses: Having two portraits facing each other.
raw_tags: of a coin
vis-à-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Pronunciation: ipa: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/
ipa: /viːz.æˈviː/
ipa: /viz.ɑˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
ipa: /viz.əˈvi/
Forms: form: vis-a-vis
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.
Senses: examples: text: […]turning the seat in front so we could sit vis-a-vis
ref: 1883, William Wallace Cook, “Aquastor”, in Overland Monthly, page 14:
text: I never had the opportunity to meet you vis-a-vis, but your correspondence exuded your dedication, your defying spirit, your warmth, and your literary goals.
ref: 1989 February 12, Ann Allen Shockley, “A Posthumous Letter To Joseph Beam”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 30, page 6:
glosses: Face to face (with another).
glosses: In a position facing a specified or implied subject.
vis-a-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of vis-à-vis.
vis-a-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of vis-à-vis.
vis-a-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: vis-a-vis
Senses: glosses: Alternative spelling of vis-à-vis.
vis-a-vis
Language: English
Part of speech: prep
Senses: examples: text: Nixon confirmed that the Chinese Communists at first demanded that throughout the communique Taiwan be referred to as "a province of China." He said he had demurred, insisting that the U.S. side could refer to Taiwan only as "a part of China." Nixon's reasoning was that being dubbed "a province of China" would place Taiwan immediately in a subordinate position vis-a-vis the People's Republic of China; whereas being labeled "a part of China" would give Taiwan, despite its smaller size, a higher status vis-a-vis the mainland. I could tell by listening to Nixon that he was very pleased with himself on this matter.
ref: 1983, James C. H. Shen, “A Round of Calls”, in Robert Myers, editor, The U.S. & Free China: How the U.S. Sold Out Its Ally, Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 109:
glosses: Alternative spelling of vis-à-vis.
propylene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: propylenes
Etymology: Coined by John Williams Reynolds in 1851, from French propionique + -ylene
Senses: topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
glosses: The organic chemical compound propene. An alkene which is a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₃H₆.
Synonyms: word: propene
Derived terms: polypropylene
propylene glycol
propylene oxide
propene
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: propenes
Senses: examples: text: Thus, at 135°C, 223 cyclizes with loss of propene to the borinene 229, which then rearranges to other products.
ref: 2012, Donald S. Matteson, Stereodirected Synthesis with Organoboranes, page 96:
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
organic-chemistry
physical-sciences
qualifier: official IUPAC name
glosses: The organic chemical compound propylene. An alkene which is a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₃H₆.
Synonyms: propylene
Derived terms: word: cyclopropene
word: methylpropene
raw_tags: for isobutylene
Montag
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Montags
Etymology: Borrowed from German Montag.
Senses: glosses: A surname from German.
Foucault's pendulum
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Foucault's pendulums
Etymology: From the name of the French physicist Jean Bernard Léon Foucault.
Senses: glosses: A pendulum on a long wire, free to move in any direction; the plane of its motion appears to turn (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) as the world turns beneath it.
wikipedia: Léon Foucault
Related terms: english: a novel
translation: a novel
word: Words from Foucault's Pendulum
Foucault
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Forms: form: Foucaults
Etymology: Borrowed from French Foucault.
Senses: examples: 1997: Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, page 5 (Totem Books, Icon Books; →ISBN
There are many “Foucaults” — whether they are all texts, or features in a network of institutional power, a régime of truth and knowledge, or the discourse of the author and his works.
glosses: A surname from French.
Michel Foucault
glosses: A surname from French.
Jean Bernard Léon Foucault, French physicist (1819–1868)
Derived terms: Foucauldian
Foucault's pendulum
Bunsen burner
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Bunsen burners
Etymology: Named after German chemist and inventor Robert Bunsen, who invented the burner.
Senses: examples: text: The due performance of Bunsen's burner depends upon the proper admixture of gas and air.
ref: 1866, John Joseph Griffin, Chemical Handicraft: A Classified and Descriptive Catalogue of Chemical Apparatus:
text: Although the Bunsen burner has been in extensive use for several years, there would seem to be a very well-grounded suspicion that its capabilities have not yet been fully discovered, for applications for patents for inventions, which are based on the Bunsen burner, or on modifications of it, are occasionally found in the official journal of the Patent Office.
ref: 1875 October 1, English Mechanic and World of Science, volume 22, page 56:
text: Flame sterilisation is a frequently used technique in the microbiology laboratory and Bunsen burners are commonly used to provide the flame.
ref: 2007, Ilan Patrick, Microbiological Analysis of Grapes and Wine: Techniques and Concepts:
topics: sciences
coordinate_terms: Meker burner
Teclu burner
glosses: A small laboratory gas burner whose air supply may be controlled with an adjustable hole.
Synonyms: word: Bunsen
number sign
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: number signs
Senses: examples: text: The number sign (#) is used when the number to be printed represents cents only, and is designed to prevent any one from placing a false figure in the dollar position on the check.
ref: 1912, United States. Patent Office, Specifications and Drawings of Patents Issued from the United States Patent Office, Volume 466, Part 2, Issues 99-988, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 4919:
text: 367. Characters.—The upper case of the first row of keys contains characters. You will have frequent occasion to use the quotation mark or ditto ("), the underscore (_), the apostrophe ('), parenthesis left [(] and right [)], and the hyphen (-). The number sign (#), the dollar sign ($), percent sign (%), the ampersand or "and" sign (&), and the asterisk (*) are mostly used in reports and tabulating work.
ref: 1942, United States. War Department, Technical Manual:
text: New material which has been inserted on the page is indicated by the number sign (#). Where more than one or two lines have been inserted in consecutive sequence the number sign (#) appears above and below the material inserted rather than appearing on each individual line of the group. In cases where an entirely new listing is included the number sign (#) appears in the first line of the page. The appearance of three number signs (###) indicates the omission of material from that page.
ref: 1942, United States Civil Service Commission, Operations Manual for Placement of Women and Physically Handicapped, U.S. Government Printing Office:
synonyms: word: hash sign
word: pound sign
glosses: The character # used to represent the word number.
Synonyms: word: crunch
word: hash
word: hash mark /hashmark
word: hash sign
word: hashtag
word: number sign
word: octothorpe /octothorn
word: pound
word: pound sign
word: square
Hypernyms: word: mark
word: sign
word: symbol
hash sign
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /hæʃ saɪn/
Forms: form: hash signs
Senses: glosses: The hash or number sign (#).
qi gong
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: examples: text: Studying Tai Ji Men, a menpai (something similar to a "school") of Qi Gong rooted in esoteric Taoism, whose leader was persecuted in the 1990s in Taiwan, although later found innocent of all charges, I came across an extraordinary tale that can serve as a lesson in this field.
ref: 2021, The Tai Ji Men Case in Taiwan, Bitter Winter & Grand Justice Publishing, →ISBN, page 149:
glosses: Alternative spelling of qigong.
centre of gravity
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: centres of gravity
Senses: topics: natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
glosses: British and Canada standard spelling of center of gravity.
misfortune
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /mɪsˈfɔɹt͡ʃən/
ipa: /mɪsˈfɔːtʃuːn/
Forms: form: misfortunes
Etymology: From mis- + fortune.
Senses: examples: text: The worst tour I have ever had the misfortune to experience.
text: Cycling's complex etiquette contains an unwritten rule that riders in contention for a race win should not be penalised for sheer misfortune.
ref: 2012 July 15, Richard Williams, “Tour de France 2012: Carpet tacks cannot force Bradley Wiggins off track”, in in Guardian Unlimited:
text: It was my fortune, or misfortune, to be called to the office of Chief Executive without any previous political training.
ref: 1876, Ulysses S. Grant, Annual Message:
synonyms: word: mishap
word: misluck
word: mischance
word: adverseness
word: adversity
word: bad luck
word: hard luck
word: ill luck
word: mischance
word: misfortune
word: mishap
word: misluck
word: tough luck
word: unfortunateness
word: unluck
word: unluckiness
antonyms: word: fortune
word: good fortune
word: good luck
word: luck
word: bad luck
glosses: Bad luck.
examples: text: She had to come to terms with a number of misfortunes.
text: The snowstorm, which was the cause of their misfortune, happened in the middle of January, corresponding to our July, and in the latitude of Durham!
ref: 1839, Charles Robert Darwin, “Chapter X”, in The Voyage of the Beagle:
synonyms: adversity
mishap
antonyms: fortuity
glosses: An undesirable event such as an accident.
Derived terms: misfortuned
soldier of misfortune
Related terms: misfortunate
Bachelor of Science
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Bachelors of Science
Senses: glosses: A three- to four-year (about 120 credit hours) undergraduate degree, with a concentration in the sciences or scientific applications.
Synonyms: BS
BSc
Sc.B.
Related terms: Bachelor of Arts
doctorate
Specialist in Education
Master of Education
Master of Science
paratrooper
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpæɹətɹuːpə/
note: without the Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpæɹətɹupəɹ/
note: US, Mary–marry–merry merger
ipa: /ˈpɛɹətɹupəɹ/
ipa: /ˈpaɹətɹʉpəɹ/
Forms: form: paratroopers
Etymology: Blend of parachute + trooper.
Senses: examples: text: Upon receiving intelligence reports about the massing of enemy paratroopers, General Peng Dehuai posted a defence regiment at Yan'an airfield, and requested that Mao leave Yan'an as soon as possible.
ref: 1992, Yanchi (权延赤) Quan, “Mao Enjoys a Challenge”, in Wang Wenjiong, transl., edited by Gale Hadfield, 走下神坛的毛泽东 [Mao Zedong: Man, Not God], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, published 1996, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:
english: Mao Zedong: Man, Not God
translation: Mao Zedong: Man, Not God
glosses: A type of soldier who is trained to enter combat zones by parachuting from aircraft.
espionage
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/
enpr: ĕsʹ-pē-ə-näzh
enpr: -năzh
enpr: -nizh
Forms: form: espionages
Etymology: Recorded since 1793, from French espionnage, from espionner (“to spy”), from Middle French espionner (“to spy”), from espion (“spy”), from Old French espion (“spy”), from Frankish *spehō (“spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to spy, peek, peer”). In modern times, the French pronunciation of the s, which had fallen silent since the 13th century, was restored due to the influence of Italian spione (“spy”), and was therefore also adopted by the English. More at spy.
Senses: examples: text: So intolerable did Heavy Benson's espionage become, that Raynham would have grown depopulated of its womankind had not Adrian interfered, who pointed out to the Baronet what a fearful arm his butler was wielding.
ref: 1859, George Meredith, chapter 16, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:
text: What a freak show! I mean, how often do you meet a wrestling librarian?
Yeah, about as often as you meet a high schoolgirl involved in international espionage… Okay, bad example.
ref: 2003 June 20, Joseph Purdy, “Totally Switched”, in Totally Spies!, season 2, episode 19, spoken by Alexandra “Alex” (Andrea Taylor as Clover and Katie Leigh), Marathon Media, via Teletoon:
glosses: The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.
Synonyms: spying
Coordinate terms: reconnaissance
undercover
Derived terms: antiespionage
counterespionage
counter-espionage
cyberespionage
espiocrat
industrial espionage
lexpionage
nonespionage
sexpionage
Related terms: tradecraft
spycraft
spywork
terrorism
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɛɹəɹɪzəm/
Forms: form: terrorisms
Etymology: From French terrorisme, from terreur + -isme. By surface analysis, terror + -ism.
The word first appears in English in 1795 in reference to the Jacobin radicals of France, who ruled during the Reign of Terror.
Senses: examples: text: In England I was proscribed for having vindicated the French Revolution, and I have suffered a rigorous imprisonment in France for having pursued a similar mode of conduct. During the reign of terrorism, I was a close prisoner for eight long months, and remained so above three months after the era of the tenth Thermidor.
ref: 1795 July 7, Thomas Paine, The Constitution Of 1795 (Speech in the French National Convention):
glosses: The system of fear and intimidation put into place during the Reign of Terror in Revolutionary France around 1793-94.
examples: text: The threat of terrorism to the British lies in the overreaction to it of British governments. Each one in turn clicks up the ratchet of surveillance, intrusion and security. Each one diminishes liberty. David Cameron insists that his latest communications data bill is "vital to counter terrorism". Yet terror is mayhem. It is no threat to freedom. That threat is from counter-terror, from ministers capitulating to securocrats.
ref: 2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23:
glosses: The use of unlawful violence against people or property to achieve political objectives.
examples: text: We at the GCN Prisoner Project often get letters from prisoners who are being harassed (above and beyond the usual terrorism of the prison business) because of their being queer.
ref: 1984 February 11, “GCN Gay And Lesbian Prisoner Project”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 29, page 2:
glosses: The use of unlawful violence against people or property to achieve political objectives.
The use of intimidation or bullying tactics.
Hyponyms: agroterrorism
bioterrorism
cyberterrorism
domestic terrorism
ecoterrorism
electronic terrorism
narcoterrorism
Derived terms: antiterrorism
counter-terrorism
cyber-terrorism
cyber terrorism
economic terrorism
ecoterrorism
eco-terrorism
narcoterrorism
nuclear terrorism
stochastic terrorism
sushi terrorism
terrorist
anti-aircraft
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: antaircraft
form: antiaircraft
Etymology: From anti- + aircraft.
Senses: examples: text: Special lamps were provided for working during the blackout, and an anti-aircraft gun, manned by the R.A.O.C., was mounted on the coal depot line.
ref: 1947 January and February, “Wartime Traffic at Tanfield, L.N.E.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 47:
text: Truth's ships are clustered above the excavation site. And his infantry has deployed anti-aircraft batteries around the perimeter.
ref: 2007 September 25, Bungie, Halo 3, spoken by Miranda Keyes (Justis Bolding), Microsoft Game Studios, Xbox 360, level/area: Crow's Nest:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Intended to attack aircraft.
Synonyms: AA
double-A
AAA
triple-A
ack-ack
air-defense
air-defence
anti-air
surface-to-air
anti-aircraft
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: anti-aircraft
form: anti-aircrafts
form: antaircraft
form: antiaircraft
Etymology: From anti- + aircraft.
Senses: examples: text: I am blacking out—ease the stick forward slightly—the sky is clear again—I turn out over water—reverse turn—there are antiaircraft on the island below—I reverse again—and again.
ref: 1944 June 3, Charles A. Lindbergh, The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, published 1970, page 839:
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Anti-aircraft artillery.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: An anti-aircraft artillery organization.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Anti-aircraft fire.
Synonyms: AA
double-A
AAA
triple-A
ack-ack
air defense
air defence
Archie
cold war
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/
rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
Etymology: Diachronically, back-formation from Cold War: a common noun back-formed from the proper noun naming the first post–WWII instance of the concept; synchronically, cold + war.
Senses: examples: text: 1945, George Orwell, "You and the Atom Bomb", Tribune, 19 October 1945; reprinted in Orwell, Sonia Orwell, and Ian Angus, George Orwell: The Collected Essays, Journalism & Letters, Volume 4: In Front of Your Nose (1946–1950), David R. Godine (2000), ISBN →ISBN, page 9,
James Burnham's theory has been much discussed, but few people have yet considered its ideological implications—that is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably prevail in a state which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of “cold war” with its neighbours.
text: 1951, Daniel V. Gallery, Clear the Decks, 19 October 1945, page 100,
World War III started on VJ Day as a cold war. It began to warm up when the Russians blockaded Berlin and nearly reached the exploding point in Korea.
text: It's just an old war / Not even a cold war
ref: 1979, “Broken English”, performed by Marianne Faithfull:
text: The world economy is on the brink of a second cold war that could “annihilate” progress made since the collapse of the Soviet Union, a senior International Monetary Fund official has warned.
ref: 2023 December 11, Richard Partington, “World economy on brink of ‘cold war two’, IMF official warns”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
antonyms: hot war
coordinate_terms: world war
glosses: A period of hostile relations between rivals where direct open warfare between them is largely undesired and avoided; especially, either the Cold War or Cold War II.
civil war
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: civil wars
Etymology: Calque of Latin bellum cīvīle, in English from 1651 in reference to the English Civil War, with possible early use in the 15th and 16th centuries as wer cyuile or ciuill warre. Displaced native Old English inġewinn.
Senses: examples: text: Our Father’s Death
Would fill up all the Guilt of Civil War,
And cloſe the Scene of Blood.
ref: 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 1:
text: At about the time the salarians and asari were forming the Council, the turians were embroiled in a bitter civil war. The Unification War, as it was later named, began with hostilities between the colonies furthest from the turian homeworld, Palaven.
ref: 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Turians: The Unification War Codex entry:
text: The “little green men”—faces covered, wearing unmarked olive uniforms, speaking Russian and using Russian weapons—have played a significant role in both the occupation of Crimea and the civil war in eastern Ukraine.¹⁹⁶
ref: 2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, in International Law Studies, US Naval War College, volume 91, number 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, page 393:
text: Civil war is now casually discussed on cable TV shows in between ads for haemorrhoid creams and car insurance.
ref: 2022 September 6, Arwa Mahdawi, “No doomsday bunker, not a single gun – if the US really is heading for civil war, I’m stuffed”, in The Guardian:
glosses: A war fought between factions of the inhabitants of a single country, or a similar political entity.
wikipedia: English Civil War
Synonyms: intestine war
Derived terms: Civil War
Mobile Army Surgical Hospital
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals
Senses: glosses: A type of dedicated field hospital unit designed to be quickly set up as close to a combat zone as possible to facilitate the immediate treatment of wounded personnel.
grappling hook
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: grăpʹ(ə-)lĭng ho͝ok'
ipa: /ˈɡɹæp(ə)lɪŋ ˌhʊk/
Forms: form: grappling hooks
Senses: examples: text: The jibs were extended partially, and the grappling-hooks attached to steel cables, which had been positioned under the engine a week previously.
ref: 1946 March and April, C. R. L. Coles, “Re-Railing the Locomotive at Bourne End”, in Railway Magazine, page 96:
glosses: A type of hook attached to a line and designed to be thrown at a target (e.g. rigging of an enemy ship) for the purpose of catching hold of it.
Synonyms: grappling
grappling iron
North Britain
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Senses: examples: text: Scottish clients in London commissioned projects from Gibbs in both the metropolis and North Britain.
ref: 2012, Jerry White, London in the Eighteenth Century, Bodley Head, published 2017, page 18:
glosses: A geographic region constituting the north part of Britain in the United Kingdom, specifically Scotland.
Derived terms: North Briton
Related terms: South Britain
Great Britain
enriched uranium
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: topics: chemistry
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
war
glosses: Uranium enriched with a higher than normal amount of the fissile isotope U-235; used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
Derived terms: alt: SEU
word: slightly-enriched uranium
alt: LEU
word: low-enriched uranium
alt: HEU
word: highly-enriched uranium
Related terms: depleted uranium
SEU
LEU
HEU
dissociative drug
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: dissociative drugs
Senses: topics: medicine
pharmacology
sciences
glosses: Any of a class of psychedelic drugs characterized by intense feelings of depersonalization, derealization, and analgesia.
jump the gun
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: rhymes: -ʌn
Forms: form: jumps the gun
form: jumping the gun
form: jumped the gun
form: jumped the gun
Senses: examples: text: Unperturbed when an overanxious opponent jumped the gun in the women's 60-yd. dash, willowy Wilma Rudolph exploded perfectly from the starting blocks.
ref: 1961 February 24, “Sport: Higher & Farther”, in Time:
topics: hobbies
lifestyle
sports
glosses: To begin a race too soon, before the starting gun goes off.
examples: text: Taking advantage of advance press releases, gabby Walter Winchell jumped the gun a full two weeks by announcing in his radio period and tabloid column that the 1933-34 prizewinner was Men in White by Sidney Kingsley.
ref: 1934 May 14, “Theatre: Pulitzer Pother”, in Time:
text: The former prime minister appears to be jumping the gun, pre-empting the legal process that is just beginning to dig deeper.
ref: 2006 May 15, Rob Hughes, “Uneasiness in Italy as Scandal Widens”, in New York Times, retrieved 03 Sep 2011:
glosses: To act or begin too soon or without due caution.
topics: business
finance
qualifier: investing
glosses: To trade securities based on information that is not yet public; to trade on inside information.
Related terms: fire the starting gun
gun jumping
false start
get ahead of oneself
out of the gate
hunting
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌntɪŋ/
rhymes: -ʌntɪŋ
Forms: form: huntings
Etymology: From Middle English hunting, from Old English huntung, equivalent to hunt + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: His pictures of huntings are particularly admired: the figures and animals of every species being designed with uncommon spirit, nature, and truth.
ref: 1797, Encyclopædia Britannica:
glosses: The act of finding and killing a wild animal, either for sport or with the intention of using its parts to make food, clothes, etc.
glosses: The act of looking for something, especially for a job or flat.
examples: text: Bogie hunting is not caused by some sort of periodic disturbance but by dynamic instability; the oscillatory system is not the bogies alone but the complete assembly of bogie-plus-body; and variations in track rigidity do not affect the nature of the motion, only its intensity.
ref: 1961 March, “Talking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 136:
topics: engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
glosses: Fluctuation or oscillation that does not stabilize.
topics: communications
electrical-engineering
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
telecommunications
telephony
glosses: The process of determining which of a group of telephone lines will receive a call.
Derived terms: antihunting
asteroid-hunting
bowhunting
bow hunting
canned hunting
coolhunting
fortune hunting
fox hunting
ghosthunting
go hunting where the ducks are
happy hunting ground
house-hunting
hunting box
hunting cap
hunting cat
hunting cog
hunting crop
hunting-crop
hunting dog
hunting ground
hunting-horn
hunting horn
hunting jacket
hunting knife
hunting leopard
hunting lodge
hunting parson
hunting pink
hunting pressure
hunting reaction
hunting response
hunting spider
hunting sword
Huntingtown
hunting whip
jack-hunting
job hunting
job-hunting
manhunting
minehunting
mug-hunting
night hunting
nonhunting
overhunting
painted hunting dog
paper hunting
persistence hunting
pixel-hunting
pixel hunting
planet-hunting
pothunting
preferment-hunting
prehunting
scalphunting
trophy hunting
tuft-hunting
tufthunting
unicorn hunting
witch-hunting
Related terms: cynegetic
hunting
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhʌntɪŋ/
rhymes: -ʌntɪŋ
Etymology: From Middle English huntynge, alteration of earlier Middle English huntinde, huntende, huntand, present participle of hunten (“to hunt”), equivalent to hunt + -ing.
Senses: examples: text: Even in an era when individuality in dress is a cult, his clothes were noticeable. He was wearing a hard hat of the low round kind favoured by hunting men, and with it a black duffle-coat lined with white.
ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 6, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
glosses: present participle and gerund of hunt
improvements
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpɹuːvmənts/
Senses: glosses: plural of improvement
restrictions
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃənz/
Senses: examples: text: Restrictions may apply.
glosses: plural of restriction
succeeded
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /səkˈsiːdɪd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of succeed
varies
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɛəɹiːz/
ipa: /ˈvɛɹiːz/
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɛəɹiːz
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of vary
closest
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkləʊ.sɪst/
ipa: /ˈkloʊ.sɪst/
Senses: examples: text: In sober seriousness, there is more poetry than truth in the sweet poem of Allan Cunningham—the Town and Country Child: witness the cheerful voices of the rosy faces to be met with in the smallest street and closest alley in London;...
ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 93:
text: As the rest of the film was made on location in the railway yards of Havre and not in a studio, and was given a sound-track of penetrating vividness, this whole production gives the closest possible ring of truth of any film about railways.
ref: 1958 February 24, David Gunston, “Railways on the Screen”, in Railway Magazine, page 89:
text: The closest affinities of the Jubulaceae are with the Lejeuneaceae. The two families share in common: (a) elaters usually 1-spiral, trumpet-shaped and fixed to the capsule valves, distally[…]
ref: 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 4:
glosses: superlative form of close: most close.
closest
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkləʊ.sɪst/
ipa: /ˈkloʊ.sɪst/
Senses: glosses: second-person singular simple present indicative of close
ranks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæŋks/
rhymes: -æŋks
Senses: examples: text: Although it was only City's second appearance in the Champions League, they had plenty of European experience in their ranks and they were confident in possession early on.
ref: 2011 September 27, Alistair Magowan, “Bayern Munich 2 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport:
glosses: plural of rank
ranks
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɹæŋks/
rhymes: -æŋks
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of rank
specialized
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Forms: form: more specialized
form: most specialized
form: specialised
Senses: examples: text: Each of the most provocative selections is facing criticism that they lack the expertise and experience to run the vast, specialized bureaucracies that would be under their control.
ref: 2024 November 18, Stephen Collinson, “Trump doubles down on provocative Cabinet picks as their fates hang in the balance”, in CNN:
glosses: Highly skilled in, or specifically adapted to, a specific field.
Derived terms: specialized municipality
specialized
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Forms: form: specialised
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of specialize
hosted
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈhoʊstɪd/
ipa: /ˈhəʊstɪd/
rhymes: (General American) -oʊstɪd
rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -əʊstɪd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of host
Derived terms: self-hosted
unhosted
variants
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: enpr: vâr'ē-ənts
ipa: /ˈvɛɹi.ənts/
Senses: glosses: plural of variant
informed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈfɔɹmd/
ipa: /ɪnˈfɔːmd/
Etymology: From inform + -ed.
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of inform
informed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈfɔɹmd/
ipa: /ɪnˈfɔːmd/
Forms: form: more informed
form: most informed
Etymology: From inform + -ed.
Senses: examples: text: An informed young man delivered a lecture on the history of modern art.
synonyms: abreast
apprised
up to date
up-to-date
glosses: Instructed; having knowledge of a fact or area of education.
examples: text: Another informed and sobering estimate is that by 1800 indigenous populations in the western hemisphere were a tenth of what they had been three centuries before.
ref: 2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 696:
glosses: Based on knowledge; founded on due understanding of a situation.
Derived terms: ill-informed
informed consent
informedly
informedness
malinformed
underinformed
uninformed
well-informed
informed
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈfɔɹmd/
ipa: /ɪnˈfɔːmd/
Forms: form: more informed
form: most informed
Etymology: From in- + formed; the first sense probably uses in- (“in”), while the second sense uses in- (“prefix of negation”).
Senses: examples: text: after Nilus invndation,
 Infinite shapes of creatures men do fynd,
 Informed in the mud, on which the Sunne hath shynd.
ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
glosses: Created, given form.
examples: text: But, mindfull still of your first countries sight,
 Doe still preserve your first informed grace,
Whose shadow yet shynes in your beauteous face
ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, An Hymne in Honour of Beautie:
glosses: Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless.
examples: text: the informed stars
topics: astronomy
natural-sciences
glosses: Not included within the figures of any of the ancient constellations.
pointers
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Senses: glosses: plural of pointer
All Hallows
Language: English
Part of speech: name
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɔːl ˈhæləʊz/
Forms: form: All-Hallow
form: All-Hallows
form: All-Hallown
Etymology: From all + plural of hallow (“saint”). Forms in -n (All-Hallown etc.) show reflex of the original genitive plural (Old English halgena).
Senses: examples: text: There should be four Reveals that year, and no more; one at the feast of All hallown, another at the feast of St. Erkenwald.
ref: 1666, William Dugdale, Origines Juridiciales:
text: In this parish were, anciently, two Chantries; one situated in Edlesborough, and dedicated to St. Mary; 1 and the other in the Hamlet of Dagnall, dedicated to All Hallows [...].
ref: 1847, George Lipscomb, The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham:
text: I swear by All-hallows that I will not let any have it to hire, nor will I sell it, since thou hast made it holy by dwelling therein.
ref: 1897, William Morris, The Water of the Wondrous Isles:
glosses: The saints, taken collectively.
glosses: All Saints' Day, the 1st of November; the Christian feast day honoring all Christian saints.
Related terms: Allhallowmas
All Hallows' Day
All Hallows' Eve
Allhallowtide
All Saints' Day
All Saints' Eve
hallow
hallowed
Halloween
Hallowe'en
Hallowmas
holy
All Souls’ Day
een
e'en
eve
even
evening
saint
internationally
Language: English
Part of speech: adv
Forms: form: more internationally
form: most internationally
Etymology: From international + -ly.
Senses: examples: text: Internationally, the shipping container had already proven its worth, and by the early 1960s battles were being fought over what their standardised dimensions would be (their expected proliferation was not in question).
ref: 2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 48:
text: About 1.4 billion people traveled internationally last year, which is 99% of the number who did the same in 2019, the last full year before Covid-19 hit the world.
ref: 2025 January 22, Lilit Marcus, “More than 1.4 billion people traveled internationally in 2024 as tourism returns to pre-pandemic highs”, in CNN:
text: The executive order specifically named Tren de Aragua and the Salvadoran MS-13 gang, citing their “campaigns of violence and terror in the United States and internationally” as threats to “the stability of the international order in the Western Hemisphere.”
ref: 2025 January 31, Stefano Pozzebon, “Rubio and Bukele to discuss sending suspected gang members from US to El Salvador”, in CNN:
glosses: In an international manner.
blocks
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /blɑks/
ipa: /blɒks/
homophone: blocs
rhymes: -ɒks
Senses: glosses: plural of block
blocks
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /blɑks/
ipa: /blɒks/
homophone: blocs
rhymes: -ɒks
Senses: glosses: third-person singular simple present indicative of block
Roman Catholic
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Senses: glosses: Of or pertaining to the Catholic Church and Catholicism.
glosses: Of or pertaining to the Latin rite, Latin Church, or Roman Rite of the Catholic Church.
Synonyms: word: Catholic
word: papal
word: papish
word: papist
word: popish
word: Romish
Coordinate terms: Eastern Catholic
Roman Catholic
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Forms: form: Roman Catholics
Senses: glosses: A person who belongs to the (Roman) Catholic Church.
Synonyms: english: synonymous in most contexts
translation: synonymous in most contexts
word: Catholic
word: dogan
word: left-footer
word: mackerel snapper
word: papist
word: Romist
imposed
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpoʊzd/
ipa: /ɪmˈpəʊzd/
rhymes: -əʊzd
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of impose
gathered
Language: English
Part of speech: verb
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡæðəd/
ipa: /ˈɡæðɚd/
Senses: glosses: simple past and past participle of gather
gathered
Language: English
Part of speech: adj
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡæðəd/
ipa: /ˈɡæðɚd/
Forms: form: more gathered
form: most gathered
Senses: examples: text: Today evidence for a gathered meeting comes from the phenomenon which the psychologist Carl F. Jung described as "synchronicity", a connecting principle or communication without any apparent external cause.
ref: 1988, George T. Peck, What is Quakerism, A Primer:
glosses: focused, centered, achieving a state of shared mysticism.
Derived terms: ungathered
condolence
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈdoʊləns/
ipa: /ˈkɒndələns/
Forms: form: condolences
form: condoleance
form: condolance
Etymology: From condole + -ence, or from Middle French condoléance, or formed from the root of Latin condoleō (“I sympathize”), from con- (“together, with”) and doleō (“I hurt, suffer, have pain”).
Senses: examples: text: There was not much to do after the accident but offer what condolence I could.
glosses: Comfort, support or sympathy.
examples: text: I sent her a card expressing my condolences after her mother passed away.
glosses: An expression of comfort, support, or sympathy offered to the family and friends of somebody who has died.
Derived terms: book of condolence
condolence card
condolences
Language: English
Part of speech: noun
Pronunciation: ipa: /kənˈdoʊlənsəz/
ipa: /ˈkɒndələnsəz/
Etymology: From Latin condoleo (“I feel another's pain”).
Senses: glosses: plural of condolence